ЕиЯ
I. E and Я when are under stress consist of two sounds ([йэ], [йа] = [ye], [ya]), and the [й] component makes the
previous consonant sound soft: де [д′э], дя [д′а].
Without stress, they are reduced to [йи] or [′и]. (We pronounce them as a very short vowel И)
Буква Я Буква Е
мя́ч[м′а] – мячи́[м′и], ле́с[л′э] – леса́[л′и],
мя́со[м′а] – мясно́й[м′и], ле́то[л′э] – лета́ть[л′и],
пря́мо[р′а] – прямо́й[р′и], ве́к[в′э] – весна́[в′и],
горя́чий[р′а] – горячо́[р′и], бе́гать[б′э] – бежа́ть[б′и],
я́хта[йа] – язы́к[йи], е́вро[йэ] – Евро́па[йи],
я́блоко[йа] – яйцо́[йи], е́сли[йэ] – Еле́на[йи],
я́рко[йа] – янва́рь[йи], е́ду[йэ] – еда́[йи],
я́года[йа] – япо́нский[йи] язы́к[йи], е́хать[йэ] – Его́р[йи],
ноя́брь[йа] – за́яц[йи], дие́та[йэ] – Ки́ев[йи],
стоя́ть[йа] – ма́ятник[йи], твое́й[йэ] – моему́[йи]
прия́тно[йа] – де́ятель[йи],
смея́ться[йа] – двуязы́чный[йи]
III. E after Ш, Ж, Ц
The sounds [ш], [ж] and [ц] are always hard, therefore, in combination with ш, ж, and ц, the unstressed letter E is read
not as [и], but as [ы].
цена́[цы], жена́[жы], шесто́й[шы]
V. А after Ч or Щ
Since the sounds [ч ′] and [щ ′] in Russian are always soft, they are combined with the letter А in the same way as other
consonants are combined with Я. Compare: ча [ч′а] [ch'a] and дя [д′а] [d'a]. Therefore, here we will read the
unstressed letter А as [и].
час[ч′а] – часы́[ч′и], чай[ч′а] – слу́чай[ч′и], обеща́ть[щ′а] – пло́щадь[щ′и]
зада́ча[ч′а], встре́ча[ч′а], да́ча[ч′а], сда́ча[ч′а], тёща[щ′а], ро́ща[щ′а]
CONSONANTS
II. СЧ we read as Щ:
счёт[щ], насчёт[щ], сча́стье[щ], счита́ть[щ]