Радиус Е.А. Infotech Part I

Министерство транспорта и связи Украины
Государственная администрация связи

Одесская национальная академия связи им. А.С.Попова
Кафедра иностранных языков
Е.А.Радиус
Infotech
Part I
Учебное пособие
для студентов дистанционного обучения
технических факультетов
1-й курс
Одесса 2011
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Министерство транспорта и связи Украины
Государственная администрация связи
Одесская национальная академия связи им. А.С.Попова
Кафедра иностранных языков
Е.А.Радиус
Infotech
Part I
для студентов дистанционного обучения
технических факультетов
1-й курс
Одесса 2011
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УДК 8111.111 (075) План НМВ 2011 р.
Радиус Е.А. Infotech Part I: учебное пособие/Радиус Е.А. – Одесса: ОНАС,

2011. – 125с.
Отв. ред. – доц. Чугунова Н.В.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов дистанционного обучения 1-х

курсов технических факультетов ОНАС им. А.С.Попова
Оригинальный текстовый материал, набор грамматических и
коммуникативных упражнений, а также тестовые задания будут способствовать
повышению как терминологической компетенции студентов, так и развитию
навыков речи в пределах профессионального общения.
Одобрено на заседании кафедры

15.10.2010 и рекомендовано к печати.
Протокол №2 0т 15.10.2010
Утверджено методическим
советом академии связи
Протокол №8 от 11.02.2011
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Contents
Part I
Module I
Reading and translating: Text I. A Computer- &-Communications

System
Problem-solving: Components of Communications System
Writing: Explanations and Choosing the Right Answer
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text II. Hardware

Problem-solving: The Main Functions of Hardware
Writing: Making the Right Choice. Translating
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text III. Input Hardware

Problem-solving: What is Input Hardware?
Writing: Making the Right Choice
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text IV. Output Hardware

Problem-solving: What is Output Hardware?
Grammar test
Module II
Reading and translating: Text I. Hard Disks

Problem-solving: Disks Reliability
Writing: Making Summary
Grammar test
Reading and translating: VIII. Optical Disks & Drives

Problem-solving: Advantages of CD-ROM
Grammar test
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Reading and translating: Text I. Communications
Problem-solving: New Way of Connecting
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text II. Five Kinds of Computers

Problem-solving: Comparing different Kinds of Computers
Writing: Making Decisions
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text III. Developments in Communications

Technology
Problem-solving: Transmitting Information
Writing: Making the Right Choice. Translating
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text IV. Better Sending & Receiving Devices
Problem-solving: Faxes & Cellular Phones
Writing: Making Sentences, Synonyms & Antonyms
Grammar test
Module III
Reading and translating: Text I. The Four Types of Applications Software

Problem-solving: Using Applications Software
Writing: Giving the Right Explanations
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text II. Entertainment Software

Problem-solving: The Serious Matter of Videogames
Writing: Translating. Making sentences
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text III. Educational & Reference Software

Problem-solving: Analyzing Video Games
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text IV. Basic Productivity Software

Problem-solving: Using Business Software
Writing: Making up Sentences
Grammar test
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Module IV
Reading and translating: Text IX. Voice Mail

Problem-solving: Chat Session
Writing: Translating
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text X. E-Mail

Problem-solving: Speak on Advantages & Disadvantages of E-mail
Writing: Translating
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text XI. Video/Voice Communication

Problem-solving: Asking questions
Grammar test
Reading and translating: Text XII. Video Conferencing

Problem-solving: Methods of Videoconferencing
Writing: Completing Sentences
Grammar test
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APPENDIX
Module I
Present Simple Present Continuous

Articles
A/an - The Indefinite Article
The - Definite Article
The Zero Article
The Use of Articles with the Names of Months, Days, Seasons, Meals,
Languages, Some Nouns (day, night, evening, morning, etc.)
The Use of Articles with the Nouns School/College, Hospital, Bed, etc.
The Use of Articles with Names of Persons
Nouns. Plural form
Many/much, few/a few, little/ a little
Module II
The Verbs to be and to have

Past Indefinite and Past Continuous
Types of questions
Degrees of Comparison. Spelling Rules
Module III
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Modal Verbs
Module IV
Future Indefinite
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Revision of Tenses
The Sequence of Tenses. Indirect Speech
Irregular Verbs
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Part I
Module I
Variant I
Reading and translating

Чтение и перевод
Text I. A Computer- &-Communications System

A computer-and-communications system has six elements: (1) people, (2)
procedures, (3) data/information, (4) hardware, (5) software, and (6) communications.
A system is a group of related components and operations that interact to perform a
task. A system can be many things: registration day at your college, the 52 bones in the
foot, a weather storm front, the monarchy of Great Britain. Here we are concerned with a
technological kind of system. A computer-and-communications system is made up of six
elements: (1) people, (2) procedures, (3) data/information, (4) hardware, (5) software, and
(6) communications.
The Basic Operations of Computing

How does a computer system process data into information? It goes through four
operations: (1) input, (2) processing, (3) output, and (4) storage.
1. Input operation: In the input operation, data is entered or otherwise captured
electronically and is converted to a form that can be processed by the computer. The
means for "capturing" data (the raw, unsorted facts) is input hardware, such as a
keyboard.
2. Processing operation: In the processing operation, the data is manipulated to
process or transform it into information (such as summaries or totals). For example,
numbers may be added or subtracted.
3. Output operation: In the output operation, the information, which has been
processed from the data, is produced in a form usable by people. Examples of output are
printed text, sound, and charts and graphs displayed on a computer screen.
4. Secondary storage operation: In the storage operation, data, information, and
programs are stored in computer-processing form. Diskettes are examples of materials
used for storage.
Often these four operations occur so quickly that they seem to be happening
simultaneously.
Where does communications fit in here? In the four operations of computing,
communications offers an extension capability. Data may be input from afar, processed in
a remote area, output in several different locations, and stored in yet other places. And
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information can be transmitted to other computers. All this is done through a wired or
wireless connection to the computer.
1. Memorize the following words

Запомните следующие слова
hardware – аппаратное обеспечение
software – программное обеспечение
to interact – взаимодействовать
to perform – выполнять
registration day – день регистрации
procedures – процедуры
to enter – вводить
to capture – охватывать
to convert to – превращать в
means – средства
to transform – превращать
summaries – итоги
totals – общие данные
to add – прибавлять
chart – диаграмма
computer-processable form – компьютерная обработка
simultaneously – одновременно
to offer – предлагать
remote – отдалённый
location – размещение
wired – проводной
wireless – беспроводной
Problem-solving
2. Answer the questions

Ответьте на вопросы
1. How many elements does the communication system have?
2. How is data entered in the input operation?
3. What is the example of the input hardware?
4. What are the examples of output?
5. Can data be processed and stored in different areas or locations?
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Writing
3. Give the name to the given explanation

Дайте название данным объяснениям
1. It is a group of related components and operations that interact to perform a task.
2. To come in; to become a member; to cause to take part; to write down in a book
3. An electronic machine that can be supplied with a program and can store and
recall information.
4. To put together with something else so as to increase the number, size,
importance.
5. Facts, information; information in a form that can be processed by and stored in a
computer system.
6. Information written or drawn in a form of a picture.
7. A particular place or position.
8. To take into a prison; to put into a form that can be used by a computer.
9. They are examples of materials used for storage.
4. Choose the right answer

Выберите правильный овет
1. A computer system processes data into information through:
a) 2 operations;
b) 3 operations;
c) 4 operations.
2. The operation of processing data into information are:
a) input, processing, output;
b) output and storage ;
c) secondary storage and input.
3. In the input operation data is:
a) data is entered or otherwise captured electronically;
b) manipulated to process data;
c) stored in a certain place.
4. In the processing operation data is:
a) converted into a certain form;
b) manipulated to process or transform it into information;
c) stored in a certain form.
5. Examples of output operations are:
a) summaries or totals;
b) diskettes;
c) text, sounds, charts, graphs.
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6. Are data stored in a fixed certain place?
a) yes;
b) no:
c) it depends on a user’s will.
7. How can information be transmitted to the other computer?
a) through wired connection;
b) through wireless connection;
c) through wireless and wired connection.
Grammar test
1. Circle the correct tense.

Обведите правильное время.
1. Please be quiet. I................to concentrate.
a) tries b) am trying c) tried d) try e) have tried
2. If you need money, why.................?
a) is you don't get a job b) don't you get a job c) aren't you getting a job
3. Next week he................on business trip to the USA.
a) go b) is going to go c) is going d) goes
4. George is on the ladder because he ……………… the ceiling.
a) was painting b) paints c) is painting d) painted e) has painted
5. The phone …………someone ………….. to talk to you.
a) rings b) is ringing a) wants b) is wanting c) is wants
2. Open the brackets using Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Indefinite или Present Continuous.
1. The kettle (to boil). Can you turn it off?
a) The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off?
b) The kettle boils. Can you turn it off?
c) The kettle boil. Can you turn it off?
d) The kettle boiling. Can you turn it off?
2. Please be quiet! I (to work).
a) Please be quiet! I is working.
b) Please be quiet! I work.
c) Please be quiet! I am working.
d) Please be quiet! I working.
3. I (not to watch) TV very often.
a) I does not watch TV very often.
b) I am not watching TV very often.
c) I not watch TV very often.
d) I do not to watch TV very often.
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4. I (to be tired), I (to want) to go home.
a) I be tired. I wanting to go home.
b) I am tired, I want to go home.
c) I am tired. I am wanting to go home.
d) I is tired. I am want to go home.
5. I (to have) dinner now.
a) I am having dinner now.
b) I is have dinner now.
c) I have dinner now.
d) I having dinner now.
3. Put in the right article or -.

Поставьте правильный артикль или -.
1. There is ………….. bridge over ………. river.
a) There is the bridge over a river.
b) There is a bridge over the river.
c) There is the bridge over a river.
d) There is - bridge over the river.
2. Yesterday I spoke to ….. man who had just returned from …… Amazon River.
a) Yesterday I spoke to the man who had just returned from - Amazon River.
b) Yesterday I spoke to a man who had just returned from an Amazon River.
с)Yesterday I spoke to a man who had just returned from the Amazon River.
d) Yesterday I spoke to the man who had just returned from the Amazon River.
3. They bought …….table. …………… table is made of oak.
a) They bought an table. A table is made of oak.
b) They bought a table. The table is made of oak.
c) They bought - table. The table is made of oak.
d) They bought the table. The table is made of oak.
4. I go to ………………. dentist four times ……………….… year.
a) I go to the dentist four times a year.
b) I go to - dentist four times the year.
c) I go to a dentist four times a year.
d) I go to - dentist four times a year.
5. ……… weather was so fine that we decided to have ……… swim.
a) The weather was so fine that we decided to have swim.
b) - weather was so fine that we decided to have - swim.
c) The weather was so fine that we decided to have a swim.
d) A weather was so fine that we decided to have a swim.
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4. Make plural of the following words.
Сделайте множественное число следующих слов.
1. Child - a) children, b) childs, c) childrens, d) child
2. Money - a) moneys, b) money, c) monies, d) moneyes
3. Meat – a) meates, b) meats, c) meat, d) meatts
4. Mouse - a) mouses, b) mice, c) mouse, d) mices
5. Trousers – a) trousers, b) trouser, c) trouserses, d) trouseries
6. Lady-bird – a) ladies-bird, b) lady-birds, c) ladies-birds, d) ladys-bird
7. Man - a) mans, b) mens, c) man d) men
8. Fly – a) flys, b) flies, c) fly, d) fleies
9. Hero – a) hero, b) heros, c) herois d) heroes
10.Lady - a) ladies, b) ladys, c) lady, d) lades
11.Fruit – a) fruites, b) fruit, c) fruits, d) fruittes
12.Photo – a) photoes, b) photo, c) photos d) photo
13.Handkerchief – a) handkerchiefes, b) handkerchief c) handkerchiefs,
d) handkerchieves
14.Foot - a) feet, b) foots, c) footes, d) foot
15.Box-office – a) boxes-offices, b) boxes-office, c) box-offices, d) boxen-office
16.Monkey – a) monkeies, b) monkeys, c) monkey, d) monkes
17.Tea – a) teas, b) teaes, c) teais, d) tea
18.Gentleman - a) gentleman, b)gentlemen
5. Put the verb in brackets in the required form.

Поставьте глаголы в скобках в необходимую форму.
1. I know my hair (to be) beautiful, everybody says that.
a) are b) am c) is
2. His clothes (to be) wet as he had been walking in the rain.
a) being b) are c) is
3. The news you’ve brought (to be) _very important.
a) is b) be c) am
4. His old grandfather's watch (to be made) _of gold.
a) be made b) is made c) are made
5. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine (not to be) _sharp enough.
a) are not b) is not c) be not
6. Underline the right form of quantity.

Подчеркните правильную форму количественности.
1. We have to hurry. We don't have……time, (many / much / a lot of)
2. Are there going to be….guests at the party? (many / much / a lot of) .
3. He doesn't speak much English. Only…..words, (few / a few / little /a little).
4. I've got…………..money, I could lend you … (few / a few / little / a little)
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Variant II

Text II. Hardware

The basic operations of computing consist of (1) input, (2) processing, (3) output,
and (4) storage. Communications (5) adds an extension capability to each phase.
Hardware devices are categorized according to which of these five operations they
perform. (1) Input hardware includes the keyboard, mouse, and scanner. (2) Processing
and memory hardware consists of the CPU (the processor) and main memory. (3) Output
hardware includes the display screen, printer, and sound devices. (4) Secondary storage
hardware stores data on diskette, hard disk, magnetic tape devices, and optical-disk. (5)
Communications hardware includes modems.
As we said earlier, a system is a group of related components and operations that
interact to perform a task. Once you know how the pieces of the system fit together, you
can then make better judgments about any one of them. And you can make
knowledgeable decisions about buying and operating a computer system.
Hardware Categories
Hardware is what most people think of when they picture computers. Hardware
consists of all the machinery and equipment in a computer system. The hardware
includes, among other devices, the keyboard, the screen, the printer, and the computer or
processing device itself.
As computing and telecommunications have drawn together, people have begun to
refer loosely to any machinery or equipment having to do with either one as "hardware."
This is the case whether the equipment is a "smart box," such as a cable-TV set-top
controller, or (sometimes) the connecting cables, transmitters, or other communications
devices.
In general, computer hardware is categorized according to which of the five
computer operations it performs:
• Input • Secondary storage
• Processing and memory • Communications
• Output
External devices that are connected to the main computer cabinet are referred to as
"peripheral devices." A peripheral device is any piece of hardware that is connected to a
computer. Examples are the keyboard, mouse, monitor, and printer.
1. Memorize the following words:

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input – устройства ввода
processing – обработка
output – устройства вывода
storage – хранение
extension – распространение, расширение
capability – возможность
device – устройство, прибор
keyboard – клавиатура
to fit – подключить
judgment – суждение
system cabinet – системный блок
peripheral – периферийный
Problem-solving

1. What operation adds an extension capability to each phase?
2. What includes CPU and main memory?
3. What does communications hardware include?
4. What does hardware consist of?
5. What does the term "peripheral devices" mean?
6. What are examples of input?
Writing
3. Make the right choice

Сделайте правильный выбор
1. Hardware includes:
printer;
keyboard;
monitor;
Windows XP.
2. Hardware performs:
communication;
input;
output.
3. The basic operation of computing consist of;
5 parts;
3 parts;
4 parts.
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4. A peripheral device is:

mouse, monitor;
keyboard, printer;
TV tuner, scanner;
disk, diskette.
4. Translate into the English language

Переведите на английский язык
1. Из чего состоит операционное вычисление? – Оно состоит из устройств
ввода и вывода, обработки и памяти.
2. Что входит в состав аппаратных устройств ввода? – Они состоят из: мыши,
сканнера и клавиатуры.
3. Как действуют коммуникационные аппаратные средства? –
Коммуникационные аппаратные средства включают модем.
4. Из чего состоят аппаратные средства обработки и памяти? – Они состоят из
центрального процессора и звукового устройства.
Grammar test

Обведите правильное время
1. I ....... birthday in September.
a) has b) have c) having d) am having
2.They…………………………. each other very often.
a) аre not seeing b) don’t see c) is not see d) doesn’t see
3.Where are you? – We …………… at the party.
a) dance b) is dancing c) are dancing d) are dance
4.She has got three children,.................?
a) doesn't she b) does she c) isn't she d) hasn't she e) did she
5.This silly boy.................this stupid mistake!
a) is always making b) always makes c)always make d) have always made

Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Indefinite или Present Continuous
1. She always (to come) to work in time.
a) She always come to work in time.
b) She is always coming to work in time.
c) She always coming to work in time.
d) She always comes to work in time.
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2. Where (to be) the children? – They (to play) in the yard.
a) Where is the children. – They is playing in the yard.
b) Where are the children? – They are playing in the yard.
c) Where are being the children? – They are playing in the yard.
d) Where is being the children. – They is playing in the yard.
3. They (to drive) to the country every weekend.
a) They are driving to the country every weekend.
b) They drive to the country every weekend.
c) They drives to the country every weekend.
d) They am driving to the country every weekend
4. They (to spend) the money now.
a) They spend the money now.
b) They are spending the money now.
c) They spends the money now.
d) They spending the money now.
3. Put in the right article or if necessary.

Поставьте правильный артикль, если необходимо.
1. Would you like………cup of………..tea?
a) Would you like the cup of a tea?
b) Would you like a cup of - tea?
c) Would you like the cup of - tea?
d) Would you like cup of tea?
2.We have…… ………nice apartment in…… …….center of St. Petersburg.
a) We have - nice apartment in the center of St. Petersburg
b) We have the nice apartment in - center of St. Petersburg
c) We have a nice apartment in the center of St. Petersburg
d) We have a nice apartment in a center of St. Petersburg
3….Earth goes round…… …………..Sun.
a) - Earth goes round the Sun.
b) The Earth goes round - Sun.
c) An Earth goes round the Sun.
d) The Earth goes round the Sun.
4. Every day I have…………….breakfast in……………..morning.
a) Every day I have - breakfast in the morning.
b) Every day I have a breakfast in the morning.
c) Every day I have the breakfast in - morning.
d) Every day I have - breakfast in a morning.
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5. He lives in ……….most beautiful building in our city on ………tenth floor.

a) He lives in a most beautiful building in our city on the tenth floor.
b) He lives in - most beautiful building in our city on a tenth floor.
c) He lives in the most beautiful building in our city on the tenth floor.
d) He lives in the most beautiful building in our city on - tenth floor.

1) Tooth – a) toothes, b) teeth, c) tooths, d) teethes
2) Paper (бумага) –a) paperes, b) papers, c) paper, d) paperrs
3) Dairy – a) dairies, b) dairys, c) daires, d) dairyes
4) Roof - a) roofs, b) rooves, c) roofes, d) reef
5) Boy – a) boies, b) boys, c) boyes, d) boyies
6) Match – a) matchs, b) match, c) matchies, d) matches
7) Baby-sitter – a) babies-sitter, b) babys-sitter, c) baby-sitters, d) baby-sitteres
8) Life – a) lives, b) lifes, c) life, d) lifies
9) Hair – a) hair, b) hairs, c) haires, d) hairies
10) Love – a) loves, b) lofes, c) lovies, d) love
11) Piano – a) piano, b) pianoes, c) pianos, d) pianox
12) Glass (стакан) – a) glass, b) glasses, c) glassies, d) glasss
13) Photo – a) photoes, b) photos, c) photo, d) photons
14) Glasses (очки) – a) glasses, b) glases, c) glassies, d) glass
15) Fox – a) foxes, b) foxies, c) foxs, d) fox
16) Fish – a) fishes, b) fish, c) fishs, d) fishies
17) Mother-in-law – a) mother-in-laws, b) mother-in-law, c) mother-ins-law,
d) mothers-in-law
18) Sheep – a) sheeps, b) shoop, c) sheep, d) sheepes
19) Thief – a) thieves, b) thiefs, c) thiefes, d) thievs

1. The money (to be stolen) yesterday from the bank.
a) The money be stolen yesterday from the bank
b) The money was stolen yesterday from the bank
c) The money is stolen yesterday from the bank
d) The money were stolen yesterday from the bank
2. I'm going to take a taxi. The traffic (to be) too strong.
a) I'm going to take a taxi. The traffic is too strong.
b) I'm going to take a taxi. The traffic are too strong.
c) I'm going to take a taxi. The traffic am too strong.
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d) I'm going to take a taxi. The traffic be too strong.
3. Fortunately the news (to be) not as bad as we'd expected.

a) Fortunately the news are not as bad as we'd expected.
b) Fortunately the news be not as bad as we'd expected.
c) Fortunately the news being not as bad as we'd expected.
d) Fortunately the news is not as bad as we'd expected.
4. The trousers you bought for me (not to fit) me at all!
a) The trousers you bought for me not fit me at all!
b) The trousers you bought for me does not fit me at all!
c) The trousers you bought for me do not fit me at all!
d) The trousers you bought for me are not fit me at all!
5. Ethics (to be) not my specialization.
a) Ethics is not my specialization.
b) Ethics are not my specialization.
c) Ethics be not my specialization.
d) Ethics not my specialization.

1. Tom drinks ……………….milk — one liter a day. (many / much /a lot of)
2. I can't drink this tea. There is too.............sugar in it. (many / much / a lot of)
3. We've got very................ time. (few / a few / little / a little)
4. He's not popular. He has................. friends. (few / a few / little / a little)
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Variant III

Text III. Input Hardware

Input hardware consists of devices that allow people to put data into the computer in
a form that the computer can use. For example, input may be by means of a keyboard,
mouse, or scanner. The keyboard is the most obvious. The mouse is a pointing device
attached to many microcomputers. An example of a scanner is the grocery-store bar-code
scanner.
• A keyboard includes the standard typewriter keys plus a number of specialized
keys. The standard keys are used mostly to enter words and numbers. Examples of
specialized keys are the function keys, labeled Fl, F2, and so on. These special keys are
used to enter commands.
Five Categories of Keys

1. Alphanumeric keys: arranged in the same order as a typewriter.
2. Function keys: used by various programs to instruct the PC to perform specific
tasks, such as Save, Copt, Cut, Paste, Help, etc.
3. Numeric keypad: set of numeric or editing keys. The Num Lock key is used to
switch from numbers to sditing functions.
4. Editing keys: cursor and other keys usually used within word processor to page
up and down in a long document or to edit text (using Insert or Delete keys).
5. Special keys: used to issue commands or to produce alternative characters in key
combinations, for example, the Alt key.
• A mouse is a device that can be rolled about on a desktop to direct a pointer on the
computer's display screen. The pointer is a symbol, usually an arrow, on the computer
screen that is used to select items from lists (menus) or to position the cursor. The cursor
is the symbol on the screen that shows where data may be entered next, such as text in a
word processing program.
• Scanners translate images of text, drawings, and photos into digital form. The
images can then be processed by a computer, displayed on a monitor, stored on a storage
device, or communicated to another computer.
What does a Scanner Do?

A scanner ‘sees’ and converts the printed text or pictures into electronic code that
can be understood by the computer.
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With a flatbed scanner, the paper with the image is placed face down on a glass
screen similar to a photocopier. Beneath the glass are the lighting and measurement
devices. Once the scanner is activated, it the images as a series of dots and then generates
the digitized image that is sent to a computer and stored as a file.
A colour scanner operates by using three rotating lamps, each of which has a
different coloured filter: red, green and blue. The resulting three separate images are
combined into one by appropriate software.

to allow – позволять
obvious – очевидный
pointing – указание, указывающий
to attach – прикреплять
to roll – катать
desktop – рабочий стол
pointer – указатель
image – образ, изображение
alphanumeric – алфавитно-цифровой
measurement – измерение
separate – отдельный, определенный
appropriate – соответствующий
Problem-solving

1. What does input hardware consist of?
2. What are five categories of keys?
3. What can a mouse be used to?
4. What does a scanner do?
5. How does a colour scanner operate?

1. Keyboard is:
a) device of input;
b) device of output;
c) device of processing and memory.
2. Keyboard consists of:
a) keys;
b) disks;
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c) crystals;
d) strings.
3. Mouse is a device of:
a) input;
b) output;
c) 3 communications.
4. What does scanner do:
a) prints;
b) translates images into digital form;
c) shows pictures.
Writing
4. Read this passage about a computer mouse. Fill in the gaps with the verbs
from the list
Прочтите эту статью о компьютерной мыше. Заполните пропуски
глаголами из списка
click double-click drag grab select move control
Mouse Actions
A mouse allows you to (1) ………….. the cursor and move around the screen very
quickly. Making the same movements with the arrow key on the keyboard would take
much longer. As you (2) ……………. the mouse on your desk, the pointer on the screen
moves to the same direction. The pointer usually looks like an I-bar, an arrow or a
pointing hand, depending on what you are doing.
A mouse has one or more buttons to communicate with the computer. For example,
if you want to place the insertion point or choose a menu option, you just (3) ………..
(press and release) on the mouse button, and the option is chosen.
The mouse is used to (4) ……………….. text and items on the screen. You can
highlight text to be deleted, or you can select an item from the check-box or
questionnaire.
The mouse is widely used in graphics and design. When you want to move an
image, you position the pointer on the object you want to move, press the mouse button,
and (5) ……………… the image to a new location on the screen. Similarly, the mouse is
used to change the shape of a graphic object. For example, if you want to convert a
square into a rectangle, you (6) …………….. one corner of the square and stretch it into
a rectangle.
The mouse is also used to start a program or open a document: you put the pointer
on the file name and (7) ……………….. on the name – that is, you rapidly press and
release the mouse button twice.
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Grammar test

2.They…………………………. each other very often.
3.Where are you? – We …………… at the party.
4.She has got three children,.................?
5.This silly boy.................this stupid mistake!
a) is always making b) always makes c) always make d) have always made

2. Where (to be) the children? – They (to play) in the yard.
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2. We have…… ………nice apartment in…… …….center of St. Petersburg.

1. Tooth – a) toothes, b) teeth, c) tooths, d) teethes
2. Paper (бумага) –a) paperes, b) papers, c) paper, d) paperrs
3. Dairy – a) dairies, b) dairys, c) daires, d) dairyes
4. Roof - a) roofs, b) rooves, c) roofes, d) reef
5. Boy – a) boies, b) boys, c) boyes, d) boyies
6. Match – a) matchs, b) match, c) matchies, d) matches
7. Baby-sitter – a) babies-sitter, b) babys-sitter, c) baby-sitters, d) baby-sitteres
8. Life – a) lives, b) lifes, c) life, d) lifies
9. Hair – a) hair, b) hairs, c) haires, d) hairies
10.Love – a) loves, b) lofes, c) lovies, d) love
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11.Piano – a) piano, b) pianoes, c) pianos, d) pianox
12.Glass (стакан) – a) glass, b) glasses, c) glassies, d) glasss
13.Photo – a) photoes, b) photos, c) photo, d) photons
14.Glasses (очки) – a) glasses, b) glases, c) glassies, d) glass
15.Fox – a) foxes, b) foxies, c) foxs, d) fox
16.Fish – a) fishes, b) fish, c) fishs, d) fishies
17.Mother-in-law – a) mother-in-laws, b) mother-in-law, c) mother-ins-law,
18.mothers-in-law
19.Sheep – a) sheeps, b) shoop, c) sheep, d) sheepes
20.Thief – a) thieves, b) thiefs, c) thiefes, d) thievs

a) I'm going to take a taxi. The traffic is too strong.
5. Ethics (to be) not my specialization.
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1. Tom drinks ………………..milk — one liter a day. (many / much /a lot of)
4. He's not popular. He has................. friends. (few / a few / little / a little)
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Variant IV

Text IV. Output Hardware

Output hardware consists of devices that translate information processed by the
computer into a form that humans can understand. We are now so exposed to products
output by some sort of computer that we don't consider them unusual. Examples are
grocery receipts, bank statements, and grade reports. More recent forms are digital
recordings and even digital radio.
As a personal computer user, you will be dealing with three principal types of output
hardware—screens, printers, and sound output devices.

to expose – привыкнуть
grocery receipt – бакалейная квитанция
bank statements – банковский отчёт
grade report – банковский отчёт
digital – цифровой
picture tube – кинескоп
carbon – углерод, копирка
to emit – издавать (звук)
Problem-solving

1. What does output hardware consist of?
2. As a personal computer user, what types of output hardware will you be dealing
with?
Speaking
3. Describe the monitor of your computer. Use these questions to help you
Опишите монитор своего компьютера. Используйте вопросы для
помощи
1. Is it a monochrome or a colour monitor?
2. What size is the screen?
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3. Does it have a cathode-ray or a flat LCD screen?
4. How can you change the picture using the controls?
5. Does it produce a high quality image?

The Monitor
The characters and pictures that we see on the screen are made up of dots, are called
picture elements (pixels). The total number of pixels in which the display is divided both
horizontally and vertically is known as the resolution. If the number of pixels is very
large, we obtain a high resolution display and therefore a sharp image. If the number of
pixels is small, a low resolution is produced.
Typically resolutions are 640 x 480 or 1,024 x 768 pixels.
The cathode ray tube of the monitor is very similar to that of a TV set. Inside the
tube there is an electron beam which scans the screen and turns on or off the pixels that
make up the image. The beam begins in the top left corner, and scans the screen from left
to right in a continuous sequence, similar to the movement of our eye when we read but
much faster. This sequence is repeated 50, 70, 85 times per second, depending on the
system. If the rate of this repetition is low, we can perceive a flickering, unsteady screen,
which can cause eye fatigue. However, a fast-moving 75 Hz ‘refresh rate’ eliminates this
annoying flicker.
What we see on the screen is created and stored in an area of RAM, so that there is a
memory cell allocated to each pixel. This type of display is called bit-napped. On
monochrome monitors, bits 0 are visualized as white dots, and bits 1 as black dots.
On colour displays, there are three electron guns at the back of the monitor’s tube.
Each gun shoots out a beam of electrons for each of primary colours: red, green and blue.
These electrons strike the inside of the screen which is coated with substances called
phosphors that glow when struck by electrons. Three different phosphor materials are
used – one each for red, green and blue. To create different colours, the intensity of each
the three electron beams is varied.
The monitor is controlled by a separate circuit board, known as a display adaptor,
which plugs into the motherboard of the computer. Different boards drive different types
of displays. For example, the VGA (video graphics array) card has become a standard for
colour monitors.
Now flat-screen monitors are fashionable. They are inherently flat, and therefore
require less space. In addition, they give crisp, clear images and eliminate screen flicker.
Portable computers use a flat liquid-crystal display (LCD) instead of a picture tube.
An LCD uses a grid of crystals and polarizing filter to show the image. The crystals block
the light in different amounts to generate the dots in the image.

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resolution – разрешение
cathode-ray tube – катодно-лучевая трубка
to contain – содержать
continuous sequence – постоянная последовательность
to perceive a flickering – воспринимать мерцание
fatigue – утомляемость
to coat – покрывать
substance – вещество
Problem-solving

1. According to the writer, what is the importance of ‘pixel resolution’?
2. Which unit of frequency is used to measure the refresh rate of a monitor?
3. In the writer’s opinion, why can a low refresh rate produce eye fatigue?
4. What substance is hit be electrons in a monitor?
5. What is the standard display system for many PC’s?
6. What does “LCD” stand for? What type of computers use LCD displays?
Grammar test
2. They…………………………. each other very often.
3. Where are you? – We …………… at the party.
4. She has got three children,................?
5. This silly boy................this stupid mistake!
a) is always making b)always makes c)always make d)have always made

2. Where (to be) the children? – They (to play) in the yard. –
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2. We have…… ………nice apartment in…… …….center of St. Petersburg.
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1. Tooth – a) toothes, b) teeth, c) tooths, d) teethes
2. Paper (бумага) –a) paperes, b) papers, c) paper, d) paperrs
3. Dairy – a) dairies, b) dairys, c) daires, d) dairyes
4. Roof - a) roofs, b) rooves, c) roofes, d) reef
5. Boy – a) boies, b) boys, c) boyes, d) boyies
6. Match – a) matchs, b) match, c) matchies, d) matches
7. Baby-sitter – a) babies-sitter, b) babys-sitter, c) baby-sitters, d) baby-sitteres
8. Life – a) lives, b) lifes, c) life, d) lifies
9. Hair – a) hair, b) hairs, c) haires, d) hairies
10.Love – a) loves, b) lofes, c) lovies, d) love
11.Piano – a) piano, b) pianoes, c) pianos, d) pianox
12.Glass (стакан) – a) glass, b) glasses, c) glassies, d) glasss
13.Photo – a) photoes, b) photos, c) photo, d) photons
14.Glasses (очки) – a) glasses, b) glases, c) glassies, d) glass
15.Fox – a) foxes, b) foxies, c) foxs, d) fox
16.Fish – a) fishes, b) fish, c) fishs, d) fishies
17.Mother-in-law – a) mother-in-laws, b) mother-in-law, c) mother-ins-law,
mothers-in-law
18.Sheep – a) sheeps, b) shoop, c) sheep, d) sheepes
19.Thief – a) thieves, b) thiefs, c) thiefes, d) thievs

a) I'm going to take a taxi. The traffic) is too strong.
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. Ethics (to be) not my specialization.

1. Tom drinks ……………….milk — one liter a day. (many / much /a lot of)
4. He's not popular. He has……………. friends. (few / a few / little / a little)
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Module II
Variant I

Text I. Communications
“Communications” refers to the electronic transfer of data. The kind of data being
communicated is rapidly changing from analog to digital.
Communications is defined as the electronic transfer of data from one place to
another. Of all six elements in a computer-and-communications system, communications
probably represents the most active frontier at this point. We mentioned that, until now,
most data being communicated has been analog data. However, as former analog
methods of communication become digital, we will see a variety of suppliers, using wired
or wireless connections, providing data in digital form: telephone companies, cable-TV
services, news and information services, movie and television archives, interactive
shopping channels, video catalogs, and more.
Developments in Computer Technology

Computers have developed in three directions: smaller, more powerful, and less
expensive.
Today the five types of computers are supercomputers, mainframe computers,
minicomputers, microcomputers (both personal computers and workstations), and
microcontrollers (embedded computers).
A human generation is not a very long time, about 30 years. During the short period
of one and a half generations, computers have come from nowhere to transform society in
unimaginable ways. One of the first computers, the outcome of military-related research,
was delivered to the U.S. Army in 1946. ENIAC—short for Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator—weighed 30 tons, was 80 feet long and two stories high, and
required 18,000 vacuum tubes. However, it could multiply a pair of numbers in the then-
remarkable time of three-thousandths of a second. This was the first general-purpose,
programmable electronic computer, the grandparent of today's lightweight handheld
machines.
The Three Directions of Computer Development

Since the days of ENIAC, computers have developed in three directions:
Smaller size: Everything has become smaller. ENIAC's old-fashioned radio-style
vacuum tubes gave way to the smaller, faster, more reliable transistor. A transistor is a
small device used as a gateway to transfer electrical signals along predetermined paths
(circuits).
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The next step was the development of tiny integrated circuits. Integrated circuits
(ICs) are entire collections of electrical circuits or pathways etched on tiny squares of
silicon half the size of your thumbnail. Silicon is a natural element found in sand that is
purified to form the base material for making computer processing devices.
More Power: In turn, miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram more

power into their machines, providing faster processing speeds and more data storage
capacity.
Less Expense: The miniaturized processor of a personal computer that sits on a desk
performs the same sort of calculations once performed by a computer that filled an entire
room. However, processor costs are only a fraction of what they were 15 years ago.

rapidly – быстро
frontier – граница, пограничный
to mention – вспоминать
variety – разнообразие
supplier – поставщик
to provide – обеспечивать
mainframe computer – ЭВМ
embedded – встроенный
unimaginable – невероятный
outcome – разработка, результат
military-related research – исследование военных служб
to weigh – взвешивать
to multiply – умножать
purpose – цель
lightweight – легкий
handheld – ручной
reliable – надёжный
gateway – вход, ворота
predetermined path – установленная полоса
circuit – круг, схема
development – развитие
tiny – крохотный
to etch – гравировать
thumbnail – ноготь на большом пальце
to purify – очистить
to cram – переполнять
speed – скорость
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data storage – хранение данных
capacity – ёмкость
to fill – наполнять, заполнять
fraction – дробь, часть
Problem-solving
2. Answer the following questions

Ответьте на следующие вопросы
1. What does the term “communications” refer to?
2. What are the five types of computers?
3. Where and when was the first computer delivered to?
4. What are three main characteristics of ENIAC?
5. What did ENIAC's old-fashioned radio-style vacuum tubes give way to? Give the
explanation to it.
6. What are integrated circuits?
7. Where is silicon found? Why is it the base material?
8. What did miniaturization allow computer makers?
Writing
3. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box in an appropriate form
Заполните пропуски словами из таблицы в подходящей форме
tiny not to mention

handheld to deliver
unimaginable to become
1. Today we will receive some new lightweight _____________ computers.

2. Sand consists of ___________ grains.
3. All the equipment was _____________ in time with discount.
4. Computers _____________ the necessary part in our life, work and study.
5. The humanity has done a lot of ____________ achievements in the area of
modern technologies.
6. He ___________ about getting a new modern laptop.
4. Choose the right word, given in the brackets

Выберите правильное слово, данное в скобках
1. We can (to transfer, to transform) data from one place to another.
2. Computers have come from nowhere to transform society in (unimaginable,
unimagined) ways.
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3. One of the first computers, the outcome of military-related research, was
(transported, delivered) to the U.S. Army.
4. The next (trace, step) was the development of tiny integrated circuits.
5. Silicon is purified to form the base material for (doing, making) computer
processing devices.
6. However, processor (prices, costs) are only a fraction of what they were 15 years
ago.
Grammar test
1. Circle the correct tense (Past Simple or Past Continuous).

Обведите правильное время (Past Simple or Past Continuous).
1. Where … you in the evening last Monday?
a) did be b) was c) were d) were being
2. Mary ….to work to the department store more than a year ago.
a) went b) were gone c) gone d) were went
3. It … still …. when I left the house.
a) was rain b) did rained c) did rain d) was raining
4. …..it rather dark in the room at 3 in the afternoon last Friday?
a) was being b) was c) be d) been
5. At the moment he …. what had happened.
a) didn΄t realized b) didn΄t realize c) wasn΄t realizing d)was not realize
2. а) Ask disjunctive, alternative and general questions.

Задайте разделительный, альтернативный и общий вопрос.
He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat.
b) Find the right disjunctive question

Найдите правильный разделительный вопрос
a) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat isn’t he?
b) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat, doesn’t he?
c) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat, don’t he?
с) Find the right аlternative question

Найдите правильный альтернативный вопрос
a) Is he wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat?
b) Is he wandering in the forest or in the city and has nothing to eat?
c) Where is he wandering and has nothing to eat?
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d) Find the right general question
Найдите правильный общий вопрос
b) Who is wandering in the forest?
c) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat?
3. Put the questions to the following answers.

Задайте вопросы к следующим ответам.
1. It takes me 20 min to get to my work.
a) Does it take you 20 minutes to get to work?
b) How much time does it take you to get to your work?
c) Why do you get to work?
2. I am moving to St. Petersburg in an hour.
a) Who is going to move to St. Peterburg?
b) Are you moving to St. Peterburg?
c) When are you moving to St. Peterburg?
4. Translate into English using necessary form of comparison.

Переведите на английский язык, используя необходимую форму
сравнения.
1. Я читал обе книги, первая интреснее, чем вторая.
a) I was reading both books, the first is more interesting than the second one.
b) I am reading two books, the one is more interesting.
c) I was reading two books, the first is most interesting.
2. Начальник хотел видеть Вас для дальнейших объяснений.
a) The chief is wanting to see you for the farther explanations.
b) The chief want to see you for the furthest explanations.
c) The chief wanted to see you for the further explanations.
3. Мой брат младше меня на 10 лет.
a) My brother is young than me ten years.
b) My brother is ten years younger than me.
c) My brother is the younngest ten years that I.
4. Это самый вкусный суп в мире. Даже не знаю, кто готовит вкуснее.
a) This is the most tasty soup in the world. I don’t know who cook best.
b) This is the tastier soup in the world. I don’t know who cooks more good.
c) This is the tastiest soup in the world. I don’t even know who cooks better.
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5. Choose the right degree of the next adjectives and adverbs.
Выберите правильную степень сравнения следующих прилагательных
и наречий.
big a) bigger a) bigest

b) biger b) biggest
c) biggier c) the biggest
little a) less a) least
b) the less b) the least
c) more little c) the most little
small a) the smaller a) smallest
b) smaller b) the most small
c) more small c) the smallest
bad a) badder a) the baddest
b) worse b) the most bad
c) the worse c) the worst
sunny a) sunnier a) the sunniest
b) the sunnier b) most sunny
c) more sunnier c) the sunny
young a) younger a) the most young
b) the young b) the youngest
c) more young c) youngest
tall a) more tall a) the tall
b) the tall b) the tallest
c) taller c) the most tall
friendly a) more friendly a) the friendly
b) the friendlier b) the most friendly
c) more friendlier c) most friendliest
good a) gooder a) the most good
b) the more good b) the best
c) better c) the goodest
6. Translate into English using the Past Simple or Past Continuous tense.
Переведите на английский язык, используя Past Simple or Past
Continuous tense.
1. Прошлой ночью на втором этаже кто-то разбил окно.
a) Last night somebody was broken the window on the second floor.
b) Last night somebody was braking the window on the second floor.
c) Last night somebody broke the window on the second floor.
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2. А ты где был? – Я стоял в то время в очереди.
a) And where was you? – I am standing in a queue that time.
b) And where you were? – I standing in a queue that time.
c) And where were you? – I was standing in a queue that time.
3. Мы слушали музыку, поэтому не слышали звонка.
a) We were listening to the music. That’s why we did not hear the bell.
b) We listened to music. That’s why we were not hearing the bell.
c) We was listening to music. That’s why we did not heard the bell.
4. Она обдумувала эту проблему целый вечер вчера.
a) She thinking about this problem all the evening yesterday.
b) She was thinking about this problem the whole evening yesterday.
c) She thought about this problem all the evenung yesterday.
5. Никто о нем больше ничего не слышал.
a) Nobody heard anything about him any more.
b) Nobody heard nothing about him any more.
c) Nobody was hearing nothing of him no more.
7. Underline the correct forms of the irregular verbs.

Подчеркните верные формы неправильных глаголов.
Shine get understand write freeze hit shake

a)shone a)got a)understand a) wrote a) frize a) hit a)shake
b)shine b)get b)understood b)wrotten b)froze b) hot b)shook
c) shined c)gotten c)understund c)writed c) freeze c) hitt c)shakеd
a) shon a)getted a)understood a) write a) frizen a) hat a)shake
b)shone b)gott b)understend b) wroten b) freezen b) hite b) shokе
c)shine c)got c)understand c)written c)frozen c)hit c)shaken
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Variant II

Text II. Kinds of Computers

Five Kinds of Computers
Computers are categorized into five general types, based mainly on their processing
speeds and their capacity to store data: supercomputers, mainframe computers,
minicomputers, microcomputers, and microcontrollers. Let us characterize them briefly
here:
• Supercomputers: Supercomputers are high-capacity computers that cost millions

of dollars, occupy special air-conditioned rooms, and are often used for research. Among
their uses are worldwide weather forecasting, oil exploration, aircraft design, and
mathematical research. They are the most powerful computers.
• Mainframe computers: Less powerful than supercomputers, but large and

expensive. Mainframe computers are fast, large-capacity computers also occupying
specially wired, air-conditioned rooms. Mainframes are used by large organizations—
banks, airlines, insurance companies, mail-order houses, universities, the Internal
Revenue Service—to handle millions of transactions, to process very large amounts of
data.
• Minicomputers: Minicomputers, also called midrange computers, used like

mainframes, are generally refrigerator-size machines that are essentially scaled-down
mainframes. They are not as big, powerful, or expensive as mainframes. Because of their
lesser processing speeds and data-storing capacities, they have been typically used by
medium-sized companies for specific purposes, such as accounting. Minicomputers are
being replaced by networks of microcomputers. They are less common now because
microcomputers have improved.
• Microcomputers: Microcomputers are small computers that can fit on a desktop

or in one's briefcase. Microcomputers are of two types—personal computers and
workstations—although the distinction is blurring rapidly. They are the most common
type of computer, smaller, cheaper, and less powerful than mainframes and
minicomputers.
Personal computers (PCs) are desktop or portable computers that can run easy-to-use
programs, such as word processors or spreadsheets. Whether desktop, laptop, notebook,
or palmtop (in declining order of size), personal computers are now found in most
businesses. They are also found in about one-third of American homes.
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Workstations are expensive, powerful desktop machines used mainly by engineers
and scientists for sophisticated purposes. Providing many capabilities formerly found
only in mainframes and minicomputers, workstations are used for such tasks as designing
airplane fuselages or prescription drugs. Workstations are often connected to a larger
computer system to facilitate the transfer of data and information.
• Microcontrollers: Also called embedded computers, microcontrollers are installed

in "smart" appliances like microwave ovens.
Needless to say, as you progress from the microcontroller up to the supercomputer,
cost, memory capacity, and speed all increase.
Four Kinds of Portable Computers

 Laptops: They are about the size of a small typewriter, but less common now
because smaller and lighter portables are available.
 Notebooks: They are the size of a piece of writing paper. They are the most
common type of portable.
 Subnotebooks: They are not quite as big as notebook. Subnotebooks can fit into a
jacket pocket.
 Handheld or Palmtops: they are small enough to fit into the palm of one hand.
They are not easy to type with because of their size. Palmtops or handhelds known as
PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant. A small handheld computer providing a variety of
tools for organizing work, e.g. a calendar, to do list, diary, address list, calculator, etc.)
are used as personal organizers.

worldwide – всемирный
weather forecasting – прогноз погоды
exploration – исследование
aircraft design – конструирование летательных аппаратов
mainframe computers – универсальные компьютеры
to occupy – охватывать
insurance company – страховая компания
Internal Revenue Service – Служба внутренних налогов и сборов
mail-order house – дом почтовых переводов
transaction – дело, соглашение
midrange – средний диапазон
refrigerator – холодильник
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scaled-down – уменьшенный по масштабу, рассчитанный
accounting – учёт
workstations – автоматизированные рабочие места
network – сеть
distinction – различие, отличие
to blur – запятнать, загрязнить, стереть
spreadsheets – многоформатные таблицы
laptop – ноутбук
portable – переносной
sophisticated – сложный
fuselage – фюзеляж
prescription drugs – рецепт лекарств
to facilitate – облегчать
to install – устанавливать
embedded – подключенный, встроенный
appliance – приспособление, прибор
to increase – увеличивать(ся)
to process – обрабатывать
to improve – улучшать
cheap – дешевый
portable – переносной
to fit into – поместиться в (карман)
palm – ладонь
handheld – ручной
Problem-solving

1. What types of computers do you know?
2. Where are computers used?
3. What is the second name of midrange computer?
4. What type of computers is the most powerful?
5. What types of microcomputers do you know?
6. What is PC?
7. What is workstation used for?
8. What is the difference between PC and workstation?
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Writing
3. Choose the right answer
Выберите правильный ответ
1. How much do supercomputers cost?
hundred hrivnas;
1.5 million;
millions of dollars.
2. Mainframe computers are less powerful than supercomputers:
yes;
no;
the same.
3. What organizations use mainframes?
banks, airports;
mail-order houses;
insurance companies.
4. What can replace minicomputers?
human;
mainframe computers;
microcomputers.
5. What types of microcomputers do you know?
PC;
workstations;
midrange computers.
6. How many Americans have computer at home?
50%;
33,3%;
one-third.
7. What is the cost of workstations?
less expensive that minicomputers;
very expensive;
not very expensive.
8. Workstations are connected to computer system to:
facilitate information;
generate impulses;
help in searching people in Internet.
9. Microcontrollers are also called:
the best notebook;
embedded computer;
PC.
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1. A mainframe computer is
a) less powerful than a minicomputer.
b) is more powerful than a minicomputer.
2. Mainframe computers are used by:
a) executives and businessmen.
b) large organizations that need to process enormous amounts of data.
3. ‘Multi-tasking’ means:
a) doing a number of tasks at the same time.
b) access to a minicomputer through terminal.
4. The most suitable computer for home use are
a) minicomputers.
b) desktop PCs.
5. Handheld computers are
a) small enough to fit into the palm of one hand.
b) bigger than laptops.
Grammat test

1. Excuse me, … you … your friend at 5 yesterday?
a) do see b) was seeing c) did see d) was saw
2. Somebody …. us an anonymous letter the day before yesterday.
a) was sending b) sended c) were sending d) sent
3. Usually she ….. to work at 9 o’clock last month.
a) come b) came c) was coming d) comes
4. Why ……. you all the evening last Sunday?
a) is laughing b) was laughing c) were laughing d) laughed
5. She did not want juice, she ….. coffee at that moment.
a) drunk b) drank c) was drinking d) were drinking
2. a) Ask disjunctive, alternative and general questions.

She speaks English more slowly than her sister
b) Find the right general question

a) Does speak English more slowly than her sister?
b) Do she speak more slowly than her sister?
c) Does speaks English more slowly than her sister?
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c) Find the right alternative question

a) Does she speaks English or German more slowly than her sister?
b) Do she speak English or German more slowly than her sister?
c) Does she speak English or German more slowly than her sister?

1. - No, I don't like playing football.
a) Do you like to play football?
b) Do you like playing football?
c) Can you play football?
2. - I don’t know this young man quite well.
a) Do you know this young man well?
b) You this young man quite well, don’t you?
c) How well do you know this young man?

сравнения.
1. В прошлом году зима была самой холодной.
a) Last year the winter was the colder.
b) Last year the winter was the coldest.
c) Last year the winter was the most cold.
2. Вам необходимо чаще разговаривать на иностранном языке.
a) You should speak foreign language more oftener.
b) You should speak foreign language oftener.
c) You should speak foreign language more often.
3. Это самый смешной фильм, который я корда-либо видел.
a) This is the most funniest film I have ever seen.
b) This is the funniest film I have ever seen.
c) This is the mre funniest film I have ever seen.
4. Эта квартира очень большая для нее, она хочет купить что-нибудь поменше.
a) This flat is too big for her, she wants to buy something more smaller.
b) This flat is too big for her, she wants to buy something more small.
c) This flat is too big for her, she wants to buy something smaller.
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сome sell teach take bring shine keep fall

a)comes a)seld a)taught a)take a)brought a)shone a)keept a)fell
b)came b)sell b)tought b)took b)bring b)shon b) kept b)feel
c) come c)sold c)tauch c)tooken c)braught c) shine c) keep c) felt
a) came a)selld a)taught a)took a)brong a) shined a)keped a)fall
b)coming b)sold b)teach b)taken b)brought b)shoned b) kept b)fell
c)come c)solld c)thought c)take c) bring c) shone c)keapt c)fallen

Выберите правильную степень сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий.
short a) shorter a) the more short
b) more short b) the shorter
c) the shorter c) the shortest
beautiful a) more beautiful a) the most beautiful
b) beautifuler b) the beautifulest
c) the more beautiful c) most beautiful
nice a) the nicer a) the nicerest
b) nicer b) the most nice
c) more nicer c) the nicest
little a) the littler a) the littlest
b) less b) the least
c) more less c) the most least
wonderful a) wonderfuller a) the most wonderful
b) the more wonderful b) the wonderfullest
c) more wonderful c) most wonderfullest
old a) older/elder a) the old/eld
b) more old/eld b) the oldest/eldest
c) old c) most old
happy a) the happier a) the happiest
b) more happy b) the most happiest
c) happier c) most happy
clever a) cleverer a) the most clever
b) the more cleverer b) the cleverest
c) more clever c) most cleverest
long a) longerer a) the long
b) longer b) longest
c) more longer c) the longest
far a) further/farther a) farest/furest
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b) farer b) the farest
c) furer c) the furthest/farthest
Continuous tense.
1. Я их не видел в прошлом месяце.
a) I did not see them last month.
b) I did not saw them last month.
c) I was not seeing them last month.
2. Домработница убирала комнату в тот момент.
a) The housekeeper were doing the room at that moment.
b) The housekeeper did the room at that moment.
c) The housekeeper was doing the room at that moment.
3. В прошлом году они построили новую школу.
a) Last year they builded a new school.
b) Last year they built a new school.
c) Last year they were building a new school.
4. А вы кода сделали ремонт?
a) When did you made a repair?
b) When you made a repair?
c) When did you make a repair?
5. К сожалению, вчера в 5 мы не знали об этой встрече.
a) Unfortunately, we did not knew about this meeting at 5 o’clock yesterday.
b) Unfortunately, we did not know about this meeting at 5 o’clock yesterday.
c) Unfortunately, we were not knowing about this meeting at 5 o’clock yesterday.
Variant III
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Text III. Developments in Communications Technology

Communications, or telecommunications, has had three important developments.
They are better communications channels, better networks, and better sending and
receiving devices.
Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, telecommunications made great leaps
forward. Three of the most important developments were:
• Better communications channels
• Better networks
• Better sending and receiving devices
Better Communications Channels

We mentioned that data may be sent by wired or wireless connections. The old
copper-wire telephone connections have begun to yield to the more efficient coaxial cable
and, more important, to fiber-optic cable, which can transmit vast quantities of
information in both analog and digital form.
Even more interesting has been the expansion of wireless communication. Federal
regulators have permitted existing types of wireless channels to be given over to new
uses, as a result of which we now have many more kinds of two-way radio, cellular
telephone, and paging devices than we had previously.
Better Networks
When you hear the word "network," you may think of a broadcast network a group
of radio or television broadcasting stations that cut costs by airing the same programs.
Here, however, we are concerned with communications networks, which connect one or
more telephones or computers or associated devices. The principal difference is that
broadcast networks transmit messages in only one direction, communications networks
transmit in both directions. Communications networks are crucial to technological
convergence, for they allow information to be exchanged electronically.
A communications network may be large or small, public or private, wired or
wireless or both. In addition, smaller networks may be connected to larger ones. For
instance, a local area network (LAN) may be used to connect users located near one
another, as in the same building. On some college campuses, for example,
microcomputers in the rooms in residence halls are linked throughout the campus by a
LAN. A computer in a network shared by multiple users is called a server.

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leap – прыжок
to send – отсылать, отправлять
sending – отправка, отправление
to receivе – принимать
receiving – приём
to yield – прикреплять, подключать
efficient – эффективный
fiber-optic – оптико-волоконный
vast – большой, огромный
quantity – количество
expansion – распространение
regulator – регулятор
to permit – позволять
existing – существующий
cellular – сотовый
broadcast – радиовещание
crucial – решающий
to convergence – сочетание, слияние
in addition – в добавок к
for instance (for example) – например
campus – учебный корпус
shared – разделенный, доля
multiple – многочисленность
Problem-solving

1. What are three important developments of communication?
2. How may data be sent?
3. What can fiber-optic cable transmit?
4. What is the difference between broadcast networks and communication
networks?
5. What is a server?
Writing
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1. When did telecommunications make great leaps foreward?
throughout 1978s and early 1990s;
_________ 1980s and early 2000;
_________ 1980s and early 1990s.
2. How many there were important developments?

four;
three;
one.
3. The data can be sent by:
wired connection;
wireless connection;
wave connection.
4. One of the three important developments in communication technologies are:
cellular telephone;
broadcast network;
better network.
4. Make adjectives (according to the text) from the given words

Образуйте прилагательные (см. текст) из данных слов
Importance, wire, technology, use, association, permit, exist, cell, page,
communicatе, privacy.
5. Translate the words in the brackets and write the sentences down
Переведите слова в скобках и запишите предложения
1. Telecommunications made great (прыжок) forward.
2. Telephone cable can transmit (большое количество) of information.
3. They allow information (обмениваться) electronically.
4. A local area network may be used to connect users (расположенных) near one
another.
Grammar test
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1. Where … you in the evening last Monday?
a) did be b) was c) were d) were being
2. Mary ….to work to the department store more than a year ago.
a) went b) were gone c) gone d) were went
3. It … still …. when I left the house.
a) was rain b) did rained c) did rain d) was raining
4. …..it rather dark in the room at 3 in the afternoon last Friday?
a) was being b) was c) be d) been
5. At the moment he …. what had happened.
a) didn΄t realized b) didn΄t realize c) wasn΄t realizing d)was not realize
2. а) Ask disjunctive, alternative and general questions.

He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat.
b) Find the right disjunctive question

Найдите правильный разделительный вопрос
a) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat isn’t he?
b) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat, doesn’t he?
c) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat, don’t he?
с) Find the right аlternative question

b) Is he wandering in the forest or in the city and has nothing to eat?
c) Where is he wandering and has nothing to eat?
d) Find the right general question

b) Who is wandering in the forest?
c) He is wandering in the forest and has nothing to eat?

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1. It takes me 20 min to get to my work.
a) Does it take you 20 minutes to get to work?
b) How much time does it take you to get to your work?
c) Why do you get to work?
2. I am moving to St. Petersburg in an hour.
a) Who is going to move to St. Peterburg?
b) Are you moving to St. Peterburg?
c) When are you moving to St. Peterburg?

сравнения.
1. Я читал обе книги, первая интреснее, чем вторая.
a) I was reading both books, the first is more interesting than the second one.
b) I am reading two books, the one is more interesting.
c) I was reading two books, the first is most interesting.
2. Начальник хотел видеть Вас для дальнейших объяснений.
a) The chief is wanting to see you for the farther explanations.
b) The chief want to see you for the furthest explanations.
c) The chief wanted to see you for the further explanations.
3. Мой брат младше меня на 10 лет.
a) My brother is young than me ten years.
b) My brother is ten years younger than me.
c) My brother is the younngest ten years that I.
4. Это самый вкусный суп в мире. Даже не знаю, кто готовит вкуснее.
a) This is the most tasty soup in the world. I don’t know who cook best.
b) This is the tastier soup in the world. I don’t know who cooks more good.
c) This is the tastiest soup in the world. I don’t even know who cooks better.

и наречий.
big a) bigger a) bigest

b) biger b) biggest
c) biggier c) the biggest
little a) less a) least
b) the less b) the least
c) more little c) the most little
small d) the smaller d) smallest
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e) smaller e) the most small
f) more small f) the smallest
bad d) badder d) the baddest
e) worse e) the most bad
f) the worse f) the worst
sunny d) sunnier d) the sunniest
e) the sunnier e) most sunny
f) more sunnier f) the sunny
young d) younger d) the most young
e) the young e) the youngest
f) more young f) youngest
tall d) more tall d) the tall
e) the tall e) the tallest
f) taller f) the most tall
friendly d) more friendly d) the friendly
e) the friendlier e) the most friendly
f) more friendlier f) most friendliest
good d) gooder d) the most good
e) the more good e) the best
f) better f) the goodest
Continuous tense.
1. Прошлой ночью на втором этаже кто-то разбил окно.
a) Last night somebody was broken the window on the second floor.
b) Last night somebody was braking the window on the second floor.
c) Last night somebody broke the window on the second floor.
2. А ты где был? – Я стоял в то время в очереди.
a) And where was you? – I am standing in a queue that time.
b) And where you were? – I standing in a queue that time.
c) And where were you? – I was standing in a queue that time.
3. Мы слушали музыку, поэтому не слышали звонка.
d) We were listening to the music. That’s why we did not hear the bell.
e) We listened to music. That’s why we were not hearing the bell.
f) We was listening to music. That’s why we did not heard the bell.
4. Она обдумувала эту проблему целый вечер вчера.
a) She thinking about this problem all the evening yesterday.
b) She was thinking about this problem the whole evening yesterday.
c) She thought about this problem all the evenung yesterday.
5. Никто о нем больше ничего не слышал.
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a) Nobody heard anything about him any more.
b) Nobody heard nothing about him any more.
c) Nobody was hearing nothing of him no more.

Shine get understand write freeze hit shake

a)shone a)got a)understand a) wrote a) frize a) hit a)shake
b)shine b)get b)understood b)wrotten b)froze b) hot b)shook
c) shined c)gotten c)understund c)writed c) freeze c) hitt c)shakеd
a) shon a)getted a)understood a) write a) frizen a) hat a)shake
b)shone b)gott b)understend b) wroten b) freezen b) hite b) shokе
c)shine c)got c)understand c)written c)frozen c)hit c)shaken
Variant IV
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Text IV. Better Sending & Receiving Devices

Part of the excitement about telecommunications in the last decade or so has been
the development of new devices for sending and receiving information. Two examples
are the cellular phone and the fax machine.
• Cellular phones: Cellular telephones use a system that divides a geographical

service area into a grid of "cells." In each cell, low-powered, portable, wireless phones
can be accessed and connected to the main (wire) telephone network.
The significance of the wireless, portable phone is not just that it allows people to
make calls from their cars. Most important is its effect on worldwide communications.
Countries with underdeveloped wired telephone systems, for instance, can use cellular
phones as a fast way to install better communications. Such technology gives these
nations—Mexico, Thailand, Pakistan, Hungary, and others— a chance to join the world
economy.
Today's cellular phones are also the forerunners of something even more
revolutionary—pocket phones. Cigarette-pack-size portable phones and more fully
developed satellite systems will enable people to have conversations or exchange
information from anywhere on earth.
• Fax machines: Fax stands for "facsimile," which means "a copy;" more
specifically, fax stands for "facsimile transmission." A fax machine scans an image and
sends a copy of it in the form of electronic signals over transmission lines to a receiving
fax machine. The receiving machine recreates the image on paper. Fax messages may
also be sent to and from microcomputers.
Fax machines have been commonplace in offices and even many homes for some
time, and new uses have been found for them. For example, some newspapers offer
facsimile editions, which are transmitted daily to subscribers' fax machines. These
editions look like the papers' regular editions, using the same type and headline styles,
although they have no photographs. Toronto's Globe & Mail offers people who will be
away from Canada a four-page fax that summarizes Canadian news. The New York
Times sends a faxed edition, transmitted by satellite, to island resorts and to cruise ships
in mid-ocean.

excitement – интерес, заинтересованность, внимание
to divide – разделение
grid – сетка, решетка
cell – сота
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to be accessed – быть доступным
effect – влияние
forerunner – предвестник
to enable – давать возможность
facsimile – факсимильная информация
line – линия (соединения)
headline – заголовок
satellite – спутник
resort – курорт
Problem-solving

1.What is the difference between the broadcast networks and communication
networks?
2. What is the campus?
3. How can we use LAN?
4. What three important developments has communication?
5. What communication networks do you know?
6. In what forms can fiber-optic cable transmit information?
7. What system can cellular phone use?
8. What advantages of fax machines do you know?
9. What new uses have been found for fax machines?
Writing
3. Make up sentences of the given words

Составьте предложеня из данных слов
1. Is the transmission, or, reception, telecommunications, of, signals, emission.
2. Computers, of many, the electronic, is at, heart, the, computers.
3. Europe, better, has, at, time, this, television, communication, channels.
4. Computer systems, microcomputers, from, range, to, personal computers,
thousand dollars, a few hundred, a few, dollars.
5. The, can, different, computer, operations, perform, mathematical.
6. Computer, is, science, one, the youngest, of, technology, the most, dynamic, of
modern, the, branches, and.
7. A device, and, signals, waves, radio, is, transmits, that, by, electromagnetic,
receives.
4. Find synonyms and antonyms to the words given below

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Найдите синонимы и антонимы к словам, данным ниже
To add, to connect, important, difference.
Grammat test

1. Excuse me, … you … your friend at 5 yesterday?
a) do see b) was seeing c) did see d) was saw
2. Somebody …. us an anonymous letter the day before yesterday.
a) was sending b) sended c) were sending d) sent
3. Usually she ….. to work at 9 o’clock last month.
a) come b) came c) was coming d) comes
4. Why ……. you all the evening last Sunday?
a) is laughing b) was laughing c) were laughing d) laughed
5. She did not want juice, she ….. coffee at that moment.
a) drunk b) drank c) was drinking d) were drinking
2. a) Ask disjunctive, alternative and general questions.

She speaks English more slowly than her sister
b) Find the right general question

a) Does speak English more slowly than her sister?
b) Do she speak more slowly than her sister?
c) Does speaks English more slowly than her sister?
c) Find the right alternative question

a) Does she speaks English or German more slowly than her sister?
b) Do she speak English or German more slowly than her sister?
c) Does she speak English or German more slowly than her sister?

1. - No, I don't like playing football.
a) Do you like to play football?
b) Do you like playing football?
c) Can you play football?
2. - I don’t know this young man quite well.
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a) Do you know this young man well?
b) You this young man quite well, don’t you?
c) How well do you know this young man?

сравнения.
1. В прошлом году зима была самой холодной.
a) Last year the winter was the colder.
b) Last year the winter was the coldest.
c) Last year the winter was the most cold.
2. Вам необходимо чаще разговаривать на иностранном языке.
a) You should speak foreign language more oftener.
b) You should speak foreign language oftener.
c) You should speak foreign language more often.
3. Это самый смешной фильм, который я корда-либо видел.
a) This is the most funniest film I have ever seen.
b) This is the funniest film I have ever seen.
c) This is the mre funniest film I have ever seen.
4. Эта квартира очень большая для нее, она хочет купить что-нибудь поменше.
a) This flat is too big for her, she wants to buy something more smaller.
b) This flat is too big for her, she wants to buy something more small.
c) This flat is too big for her, she wants to buy something smaller.

сome sell teach take bring shine keep fall

a)comes a)seld a)taught a)take a)brought a)shone a)keept a)fell
b)came b)sell b)tought b)took b)bring b)shon b) kept b)feel
c) come c)sold c)tauch c)tooken c)braught c) shine c) keep c) felt
a) came a)selld a)taught a)took a)brong a) shined a)keped a)fall
b)coming b)sold b)teach b)taken b)brought b)shoned b) kept b)fell
c)come c)solld c)thought c)take c) bring c) shone c)keapt c)fallen

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и наречий.
short b) shorter a) the more short

b) more short b) the shorter
c) the shorter c) the shortest
beautiful c) more beautiful a) the most beautiful
d) beautifuler b) the beautifulest
c) the more beautiful c) most beautiful
nice c) the nicer a) the nicerest
d) nicer b) the most nice
c) more nicer c) the nicest
little c) the littler a) the littlest
d) less b) the least
c) more less c) the most least
wonderful d) wonderfuller a) the most wonderful
e) the more wonderful b) the wonderfullest
f) more wonderful c) most wonderfullest
old c) older/elder a) the old/eld
d) more old/eld b) the oldest/eldest
c) old c) most old
happy c) the happier a) the happiest
d) more happy b) the most happiest
c) happier c) most happy
clever d) cleverer a) the most clever
e) the more cleverer b) the cleverest
f) more clever c) most cleverest
long d) longerer a) the long
e) longer b) longest
f) more longer c) the longest
far d) further/farther a) farest/furest
e) farer b) the farest
f) furer c) the furthest/farthest
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Continuous tense.
1. Я их не видел в прошлом месяце.
d) I did not see them last month.
e) I did not saw them last month.
f) I was not seeing them last month.
2. Домработница убирала комнату в тот момент.
a) The housekeeper were doing the room at that moment.
b) The housekeeper did the room at that moment.
c) The housekeeper was doing the room at that moment.
3. В прошлом году они построили новую школу.
a) Last year they builded a new school.
b) Last year they built a new school.
c) Last year they were building a new school.
4. А вы кода сделали ремонт?
a) When did you made a repair?
b) When you made a repair?
c) When did you make a repair?
5. К сожалению, вчера в 5 мы не знали об этой встрече.
a) Unfortunately, we did not knew about this meeting at 5 o’clock yesterday.
b) Unfortunately, we did not know about this meeting at 5 o’clock yesterday.
c) Unfortunately, we were not knowing about this meeting at 5 o’clock yesterday.
Module III
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Variant I

Text I. The Four Types of Applications Software

The four types of applications software may be considered to be (1) entertainment
software, (2) education and reference software, (3) productivity software, and (4)
business and specialized software.
The first contact many people have with applications software is with entertainment
software, especially videogames. Students may find use for educational and reference
software—for example, encyclopedias and library searches. Basic productivity tools
include word processing, spreadsheet, database manager, presentation graphics,
communications, desktop accessories and personal information managers, integrated
programs and suites, groupware, and Internet Web browsers.
Software can change the way we act, even the way we think. Some readers may
intuitively understand this because they grew up playing videogames. Indeed, some
observers hold that videogames are not quite the time wasters we have been led to
believe. However, these forms of entertainment are only a way station to something else.
Videogames are training wheels for using more sophisticated software that can help us
learn better and be more productive.
There are four types of applications software. They are:
• Entertainment software
• Education and reference software
• Business and specialized software
• Basic productivity software

entertainment software – развлекательные программы
education software – обучающие программы
reference software – справочные программы
productivity software – программы продуктивности
business software – бизнес программы
specialized software – специализированные программы
tools – инструменты
desktop accessories – принадлежности рабочего стола
spreadsheet – электронная таблица
suites – набор
Internet Web browsers – обозреватели сети Интернет
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оbserver – наблюдатель
training wheel – метод тренировки
Problem-solving
2. Answer the next questions

1. What are the four types of applications software?
2. What is the first contact of people with applications software?
3. What are some forms of entertainment?
Writing

1. Productivity software includes:
a) groupware;
b) word-processing;
c) games;
d) communication.
2. Most of students use Internet to:
study;
a) play games;
b) communicate to each other;
c) to do Internet shopping .
3. Education software includes:
a) games;
b) encyclopedias;
c) library searches.
4. Give the name to the following explanations

Дайте названия следующим объяснениям
1. It includes word processing, spreadsheets, database manager, presentation graphic
communication, groupware, Internet, web browsers.
2. It is used for library and encyclopedias searches.
3. They are training wheels for using sophisticated software that can help us to study
better.
4. It is one of the most popular services in the Internet.
5. Entertainment software, education and reference software, productivity software,
business and specialized software.
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Grammar test
1. Open the brackets using either Perfect or Simple tense.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя или Perfect или Simple tense.
1. I can reach my work easily now, as I (to buy) a car.
a) bought b) have bought c) has bought
2. It (to stop) raining, and the sun is shining.
a) has stopped b) stopped c) have stopped
3. Nick hoped there (to be) no post since Friday.
a) had been b) was c) has been
4. She (to get) a message saying he (to pass) his exam.
a) had gotten a) had passed
b) got b) passed
c) has got c) have passed
2. Translate the following sentences into English using the Past Indefinite or the
Past Perfect Tense.
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, используя the
Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect Tense.
1. Когда она пришла, мы уже обсудили первый вопрос.
a) When she cames we already discussed the last question.
b) When she come we have already discussed the last question.
c) When she came we had already discussed the last question.
2. Он был взволнован, потому что получил телеграмму из дома.
a) He were excited as he received a telegram from home.
b) He was excited as he had received a telegram from home.
c) He had been excited as he received a telegram from home.
2. Когда я нашел их дом, уже стемнело.
a) When I found their house it had already got dark.
b) When I had found their house it already got dark.
c) When I founded their house it had already gotten dark.
4. Она получила плохую оценку на экзамене потому, что сделала очень много
ошибок.
a) She gots a bad mark at the exam as she had make many mistakes.
b) She had got a bad mark at the exam as she made many mistakes.
c) She got a bad mark at the exam as she had made many mistakes.
3. Underline the right modal verb.

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Подчеркните правильный модальный глагол.
1. Carol has passed her driving test, but only next year she …………hire a car from
Jane.
a) has to b) must c) will be able to d) should
2. British pupils...............stay at school till the age of 16.
a) should b) must c) can d) have to
3. The train.............arrive in five minutes.
a) has to b) must c) is to d) should
4. I................forget to post the letter mother gave me.
a) shouldn't b) mustn't c) don't have to d) cannot
5. If you want to be fit, you.................eat sweets.
a) don't have to b) shouldn't c) mustn't d) cannot
4. Translate into English using modal verbs instead of underlined words.

Переведите на английский язык, используя модальные глаголы вместо
подчеркнутых слов.
1. Эндрю должен был встретиться с Майком за ланчем на следй.щий день
a) Andrew must meet with Mike at lunch next day.
b) Andrew had to meet with Mike at lunch next day.
c) Andrew was to meet with Mike at lunch next day.
2. Не нужно было ей вставть, это прогулка может подорвать её здоровье.
a) She needed not get up. This walking can undermine her health.
b) She shouldn’t have got up. This walking can undermine her health.
c) She may not get up. This walking would undermine her health.
3. У тебя украли все деньги? Тебе следовало быть повнимательнее.
а) Have they stolen all your money? You should have been more attentive.
b) Have they stolen all your money? You should be more attentive.
c) Have they stolen all your money? You should to be more attentive.
4. Концерт был назначен на пятницу, но его пришлось отложить из-за дождя.
a) The concert was arranged on Friday but it was to be posponed because of the rain.
b) The concert was arranged on Friday but it had to be posponed because of the
rain.
c) The concert was arranged on Friday but it must be posponed because of the rain.
Variant II
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Text II. Entertainment Software:

The Serious Matter of Videogames
Whatever else may come about during the convergence of computers and
communications, you can bet one kind of software will be available: entertainment—
videogames in particular. A $6.5-billion-a-year industry in the United States, videogames
are interactive electronic games that may be played at home through a television set or
personal computer or in entertainment arcades of the sort found in shopping malls.
Electronic spreadsheets may have put microcomputers on office desks; however, it
was Pong—an electronic version of table tennis introduced by Atari in 1972—that
popularized computers in the home. "Pong was the first time people saw computers as
friendly and approachable," states one technology writer. "It launched a videogame boom
that made thousands of kids want to become computer programmers, and prepared an
entire generation for interaction with a blinking and buzzing computer screen."
Pong was followed by Space Invaders and Pac-Man, and then by Super Mario,
which begot Sonic the Hedgehog, which led to Mortal Kombat I and II. In 1986 Nintendo
began to reshape the market when it introduced 8-bit entertainment systems. Bit numbers
measure how much data a computer chip can process at one time. Bit numbers are
important because the higher the bit number, the greater the screen resolution (clearity),
the more varied the colors, and the more complex the games. Since then, videogame
hardware—which, after all, is just computer hardware—has increased in power just as
microcomputers have. In the 1990s, videogame hardware manufacturers—Sega, 3DO,
Atari—upped the ante to 16 bits, then 32 bits, until finally 64-bit machines were
appearing on the market.128-bit machines are on the market now.
So far the biggest sales punch has been in hack-'em-up games (such as Mortal
Kombat) and sports games. Apart from ethical questions about the effects of violence on
immature personalities, such games have perhaps ignored the interests of half the
population—namely, females. More recently, however, videogame makers have
introduced nonviolent games such as McKenzie & Company, essentially an interactive
movie aimed at preadoles-cent girls. Focusing on emotions rather than action, this game
has the viewer, as the main character, try to solve problems of the heart.

to bet – держать пари, биться об заклад
entertaiment arcade – развлекательный центр
shopping mall – торговый центр
approachable – доступный
to launch – пускать в ход, запускать
buzzing – гудящий
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to beget (begot, begotten) – порождать
measure – измерять (мера)
punch – прорыв
“hack-'em-up” – разорвите их на куски!
violence – насилие
immature – незрелый
preadoles-cent girls – девочки-подростки
to solve – решать
to reshape – изменять, перестраивать
Problem-solving

1. Why was Pong the first time people saw computers in 1972?
2. What was Pong followed by?
3. When were bit machines appearing on the market?
4. What was the biggest sales punch?
5. What games have videogame makers introduced?
Writing
3. Match the English words and word-combinations with their Russian

equivalents
Подберите английские слова и словосочетания к их русским
эквивалентам
1. measure а) решать
2. to beget b) центр
3. immature c) измерять
4. to bet d) прорыв
5. reshape e) изменять
6. to solve f) насилие
7. punch g) порождать
8. mall h) держать пари
9. launch і) незрелый
10.violence j) пускать в ход
4. Complete the sentences

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Закончите предложения
1. Pong was the first time people saw computers as …
a) microcomputer on office desks;
b) friendly and approachable.
2. In 1986 Nintendo began …
a) to reshape the market;
b) to produce the market.
3. Apart from ethical questions about effects of violence on immature personalities,
such games have perhaps ignored ...
a) the interest of children;
b) the interest of half the population.
4. More recently, however, videogame makers have introduced nonviolent games
such as …
a) Mc Kenzie & Company;
b) Space Invaders and Super Mario.
6. Write “T” if the sentence is true and “F” if the sentence is false
Напишите “T” если предложение правдивое и “F” если предложение
неправдивое
Sentences True False

1. A $6.5 billion-a-year industry in the United States, videogames are
interactive electronic games that may be played at home.
2. Pong was followed by Space Invaders and Pac-man and then by
Super Mario, which begot Sonic the Hedgehog, which led to Mortal
Kombat I and II.
3. In 1976 Nintendo began to reshape the market when it introduced 8-
bit entertainment systems.
4. So far the biggest sales punch has been in hack-'em-up games (such
as Mortal Kombat) and sports games.
5. Focusing on emotions rather than action, this game has the viewer, as
the main character, try to solve problems of the heart.
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Grammar test

1. How's Jack? When you (to see) him? — Oh, I (not to meet) him for ages.
a) did see a) did not meet
b) have seen b) have not met
c) did saw c) has not meet
2. What you (to do) since I last (to see) you?
a) did do a) saw
b) have you been doing b) had seen
c) had done c) have seen
3. I didn't recognize him. He (to change) a lot.
a) changed b) has changed c) had changed
Past Perfect Tense.
1. Когда я вернулся из театра, гости уже разошлись (ушли).
a) When I returnt the guests had already leaved.
b) When I returned the guests had already left.
c) When I had returned the guests already left.
2. Они сказали, что приехали сюда на поезде.
a) They said they had come here by train.
b) They sayed they had came here by train.
c) They had said they come here by train.
3. Он не хотел обедать у нас потому, что уже поел в институте.
a) He did not wanted to eat at us, because he already ate in the Institute.
b) He had not want to eat at us, because he had already eat in the Institute.
c) He did not want to eat at us, because he had already eaten in the Institute.
4. На лестнице стояли гости, которых она не приглашала.
a) There were the guests on the stairs whom she had not invited.
b) There was the guests on the stairs whom she did not invited.
c) There had been the guests on the stairs whom she had not invite.

1. You................ring the bell, I've got a key.
a) needn't b) mustn't c) shouldn't d) cannot
2. You................drive fast. There is a speed limit.
a) needn't b) mustn't c) don't have to d) are not to
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3. The train................arrive in five minutes.
a) must b) can c) has to d) is to
4. The bus we took didn't go up the hill and we...................walk.
a) were to b) had to c) could d) should
5. The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone……… escape.
a) could b) had to c) was able to d) must

1. Тебе не следует так много есть, ты можешь располнеть.
a) You should not eat so much, you can gain weight.
b) You ought not toeat so much, you may gain weight.
c) You should not have eat so much, you could gain weight.
2. Тебе стоило поговорить с ней. Она могла бы тебе помочь. Теперь тебе
придется придумывать все самому.
a) You should spoken to her. She can help you. Now you will have to think
everything yourself.
b) You should have spoken to her. She could help you. Now you will have to think
c) You have to speak to her. She might help you. Now you will have to think
everything yourself
3. Ему суждено было стать военным, все мужчины в их роду служили в армии.
a) He had to serve in the Army, all the men in his family had been serving in the
Army
b) He must serve in the Army, all the men in his family had been serving in the
Army
c) He was to serve in the Army, all the men in his family had been serving in the
Army
4. С заключенными нельзя разговаривать на иностранном языке.
a) You needn’t speak foreign languge with prisoners
b) You may not speak foreign languge with prisoners
c) You mustn’t speak foreign languge with prisoners.
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Variant III

Text III. Educational & Reference Software

Because of the popularity of videogames, many educational software companies
have been blending educational content with action and adventure—as in MathBlaster or
the problem-solving game Commander Keen. They hope this marriage will help students
be more receptive to learning. After all, as one writer points out, players of Nintendo's
Super Mario Brothers must "become intimately acquainted with an alien landscape, with
characters, artifacts, and rules completely foreign to ordinary existence. . . . Children
assimilate this essentially useless information with astonishing speed." Why not, then,
design software that would educate as well as entertain?
Computers alone won't boost academic performance, but they can have a positive
effect on student achievement in all major subject areas, preschool through college,
according to an independent consulting firm, New York's Interactive Educational
Systems Design. Skills improve when students use programs that are self-paced or
contain interactive video. This is particularly true for low-achieving students. The reason,
says a representative of the firm, which analyzed 176 studies done over the past 5 years,
is that this kind of educational approach is "a different arena from the one in which they
failed, and they have a sense of control."
In addition to educational software, library search and reference software have
become popular. For instance, there are CD-ROMs with encyclopedias, phone books,
voter lists, mailing lists, maps, home-remodeling how-to information, and reproductions
of famous art. With the CD-ROM encyclopedia Microsoft Encarta, for example, you can
search for, say, music in 19th-century Russia, then listen to an orchestral fragment from
Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture.

to blend – смешивать, объединять
educational content – образовательный объем
marriage – зд. сочетание, смесь
receptive to – чувствительный к
alien landscape – иностранный пейзаж
existence – существование
to assimilate – осваивать
useless – непригодный
astonishing speed – невероятная скорость
to boost – поднимать (торговлю)
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achievement – достижение
to contain – содержать в себе
low-achieving – неуспевающий (студент)
representative – представитель
to fail – потерпеть неудачу
voter list – список избирателей
approach – подход
self-paced – пошаговый, многоуровневый
Problem-solving

1. Players of what game become intimately acquainted with an alien landscape, with
characters, artifacts, and rules completely foreign to ordinary existence. . .?
Counter-Strike
Nintendo’s Super Mario Brothers
Comander Keen
2. What can have a positive effect on a student achievement in all major subject
areas?
books
magazines
computers
3. What is particularly true for low-achieving students?
Audio
CDs
self-paced or contain interactive video programs
4. How many studies were analyzed and over what period of time?
175 and 5
176 and 6
176 and 5
5. With what can you search for, say, music in 19th-century Russia?
the cassette encyclopedia Microsoft Encarta
the CD-ROM encyclopedia Microsoft Encarta
the book encyclopedia Microsoft Encarta
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Grammar test

1. I can reach my work easily now, as I (to buy) a car.
a) bought b) have bought c) has bought
2. It (to stop) raining, and the sun is shining.
a) has stopped b) stopped c) have stopped
3. Nick hoped there (to be) no post since Friday.

a) had been b) was c) has been
4. She (to get) a message saying he (to pass) his exam.
a) had gotten a) had passed
b) got b) passed
c) has got c) have passed
Past Perfect Tense.
1. Когда она пришла, мы уже обсудили первый вопрос.
a) When she cames we already discussed the last question.
b) When she come we have already discussed the last question.
c) When she came we had already discussed the last question.
2. Он был взволнован, потому что получил телеграмму из дома.
a) He were excited as he received a telegram from home.
b) He was excited as he had received a telegram from home.
c) He had been excited as he received a telegram from home.
3. Когда я нашел их дом, уже стемнело (get dark).
a) When I found their house it had already got dark.
b) When I had found their house it already got dark.
c) When I founded their house it had already gotten dark.
4. Она получила плохую оценку на экзамене потому, что сделала очень много
ошибок.
a) She gots a bad mark at the exam as she had make many mistakes.
b) She had got a bad mark at the exam as she made many mistakes.
c) She got a bad mark at the exam as she had made many mistakes.
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1. Carol has passed her driving test, but only next year she …………hire a car from
Jane.
a) has to b) must c) will be able to d) should
2. British pupils...............stay at school till the age of 16.
a) should b) must c) can d) have to
a) has to b) must c) is to d) should
4. I................forget to post the letter mother gave me.
a) shouldn't b) mustn't c) don't have to d) cannot
5. If you want to be fit, you................eat sweets.
a) don't have to b) shouldn't c) mustn't d) cannot

1. Эндрю должен был встретиться с Майком за ланчем на следующий день.
a) Andrew must meet with Mike at lunch next day.
b) Andrew had to meet with Mike at lunch next day.
c) Andrew was to meet with Mike at lunch next day.
2. Не надо было ей вставать, эта прогулка может окончательно подорвать (to
undermine) ее здоровье.
a) She needed not get up. This walking can undermine her health.
b) She shouldn’t have got up. This walking can undermine her health.
c) She may not get up. This walking would undermine her health.
3. У тебя украли все деньги? Тебе следовало быть повнимательней. Have they
stolen all your money? You shoul have been more attentive.
4. Концерт был назначен на пятницу, но его пришлось отложить из-за
дождя.
a) The concert was arranged on Friday? But it was to be posponed because of the
rain.
b) The concert was arranged on Friday? But it had to be posponed because of the
rain.
c) The concert was arranged on Friday? But it must be posponed because of the rain.
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Variant IV

Text IV. Basic Productivity Software

Basic productivity software consists of programs found in most offices and probably
on all campuses, on personal computers and on larger computer systems. Their purpose is
simply to make users more productive at performing general tasks.
The most popular kinds of productivity tools are:
• Word processing software • Desktop accessories and personal
• Spreadsheet software information managers
• Database software • Integrated software and suites
• Presentation graphics software • Groupware
• Communications software—both • Internet Web browsers data
communications and e-mail
It may be possible to work in an office somewhere in North America today without
knowing any of these programs. However, that won't be the case in the 21st century. We
describe common productivity software shortly.
Business & Specialized Software

Whatever your occupation, you will probably find it has specialized software
available to it. This is so whether your career is as an architect, building contractor, chef,
dairy farmer, dance choreographer, horse breeder, lawyer, nurse, physician, police
officer, tax consultant, or teacher.
Some business software is of a general sort used in all kinds of enterprises, such as
accounting software, which automates bookkeeping tasks, or payroll software, which
keeps records of employee hours and produces reports for tax purposes. Other software is
more specialized. Some programs help lawyers or advertising people, for instance, keep
track of hours spent on particular projects for billing purposes. Other programs help
construction estimators pull together the costs of materials and labor needed to estimate
the costs of doing a job.
In this chapter we describe the following kinds of specialized software: desktop
publishing, personal finance, project management, computer-aided design, drawing and
painting programs, and hypertext.

occupation – занятие, увлечение
horse breeder – животновод
enterprise – предприятие
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bookkeeping – счетоводство, бухгалтерия
payroll – платёжная ведомость
keeptrack – прослеживать
to estimate – оценивать
estimator – оценщик
pull together – смешивать
labor – работа (рабочий)
computer-aided – с помощью компьютера
Problem-solving
1. What does basic productivity software consist of?
2. Where is business software used?
3. How can software help people?
Writing
3. What is the Odd Word and why?

Какое Слово Лишнее и почему?
1. Occupation, hobby, work, job, employment.
2. Program, system, computer, management, Internet.
3. Letters, e-mail, purpose, videoconferencing, mobile phone.
4. Consist, contain, include, convert, possess.
5. Owner, host, hostess, actor, landlord, master.
4. Match the adjectives on the right with the nouns on the left (see the text
Подберите к прилагательным справа существительные слева (cм. текст)
computer bookkeeping
management personal
tasks billing
purposes building
software project
contractor productivity
5. Translate into English

Переведите на английский
1. Цель каждой системы – сделать действия пользователя более
продуктивными.
2. Несмотря на вашу должность, программное обеспечение будет всегда
доступно.
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3. Деловое программное обеспечение также используется в различных видах
предприятий.
Grammar test

1. How’s Jack? When you (to see) him? — Oh, I (not to meet) him for ages.
a) did see a) did not meet
b) have seen b) have not met
c) did saw c) has not meet
2. What you (to do) since I last (to see) you?
a) did do a) saw
b) have you been doing b) had seen
c) had done c) have seen
3. I didn't recognize him. He (to change) a lot.
a) changed b) has changed c) had changed
Past Perfect Tense.
1. Когда я вернулся из театра, гости уже разошлись (ушли).
a) When I returnt the guests had already leaved.
b) When I returned the guests had already left.
c) When I had returned the guests already left.
2. Они сказали, что приехали сюда на поезде.
a) They said they had come here by train.
b) They sayed they had came here by train.
c) They had said they come here by train.
3. Он не хотел обедать у нас потому, что уже поел в институте.
a) He did not wanted to eat at us, because he already ate in the Institute.
b) He had not want to eat at us, because he had already eat in the Institute.
c) He did not want to eat at us, because he had already eaten in the Institute.
4. На лестнице стояли гости, которых она не приглашала.
a) There were the guests on the stairs whom she had not invited.
b) There was the guests on the stairs whom she did not invited.
c) There had been the guests on the stairs whom she had not invite.
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1. You................ring the bell, I've got a key.
a) needn't b) mustn't c) shouldn't d) cannot
2. You................drive fast. There is a speed limit.
a) needn't b) mustn't c) don't have to d) are not to
a) must b) can c) has to d) is to
4. The bus we took didn't go up the hill and we...................walk.
a) were to b) had to c) could d) should
5. The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone……… escape.
a) could b) had to c) was able to d) must

1. Тебе не следует так много есть, ты можешь располнеть.
a) You should not eat so much, you can gain weight.
b) You ought not to eat so much, you may gain weight.
c) You should not have eat so much, you could gain weight.
2. Тебе стоило поговорить с ней. Она могла бы тебе помочь. Теперь тебе
придется придумывать все самому.
a) You should spoken to her. She can help you. Now you will have to think
b) You should have spoken to her. She could help you. Now you will have to think
c) You have to speak to her. She might help you. Now you will have to think
everything yourself
3. Ему суждено было стать военным, все мужчины в их роду служили в армии.
a) He had to serve in the Army, all the men in his family had been serving in the
Army
b) He must serve in the Army, all the men in his family had been serving in the
Army
c) He was to serve in the Army, all the men in his family had been serving in the
Army
4. С заключенными нельзя разговаривать на иностранном языке.
a) You needn’t speak foreign languge with prisoners
b) You may not speak foreign languge with prisoners
c) You mustn’t speak foreign languge with prisoners.
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Module IV
Variant I

Text I. Voice Mail

Like a sophisticated telephone answering machine, voice mail digitizes incoming
voice messages and stores them in the recipient's "voice mailbox" in digitized form. It
then converts the digitized versions back to voice messages when they are retrieved.
Voice-mail systems also allow callers to deliver the same message to many people
within an organization by pressing a single key. They can forward calls to the recipient's
home or hotel. They allow the person checking messages to speed through them or to
slow them down. He or she can save some messages and erase others and can dictate
replies that the system will send out.
The main benefit of voice mail is that it helps eliminate "telephone tag." More than
80% of phone calls don't reach the intended party. With voice mail, two callers can
continue to exchange messages even when they can't reach each other directly. Efficiency
is another benefit, because messages eliminate the small talk that often goes with phone
conversations.
You don't even need to have a fixed address to use voice mail. Carl Hygrant, a
homeless person in New York, found that the technology helped him get work. Earlier,
when he put down on his resume the phone number of the Bronx shelter that was his
temporary home, prospective employers would lose interest when they called. After a
telephone company launched an experimental voice-mail program for homeless people,
he landed a job.

sophisticated – сложный
recipient – получатель
to retrieve – восстанавливать
to deliver – доставлять
to erase – стирать
benefit – выгода
to launch – запустить
to land – получить
to eliminate – уничтожать
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"telephone tag" – телефонное разъединение
Problem-solving

1. What do Voice-mail systems also allow callers to do?
2. What is the main benefit of voice mail?
3. What did Carl Hygrant, a homeless person in New York, find?
4. How did voice-mail help to the homeless person from Bronx shelter?
Writing
3. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate word from the list given below (see the
text)
Заполните пропуски соответствующим словом из списка, данного ниже
(см. тект)
put down deliver launch stored land
1. If you are a skilled and qualified in your field you can ………………… any good
job.
2. When you write a resume to apply the position, ……………… your telechone
number.
3. All the incoming messages are …………………. in the recipient's "voice
mailbox".
4. The system allows you to …………………… the same message to mane people
within an organization.
5. The device allows to …………… some messages and ……………….. others.
6. The telephone company …………………….. an experimental voice-mail
program for homeless people.
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Grammar test
1. Put the verb in brackets into the right tense form.

Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную временную форму.
Dear Jo and Ian,
This is a picture of the hotel we (to stay) 1 a) are staying, b) is staying, c) am
staying at. We (be) 2 a) was, b) were, c) had been lucky to get one of the rooms
overlooking the sea. We (to have) 3 a) have, b) will have c) had a good journey over
here and kids (to enjoy 4 a) enjoyed, b) has enojyed, c) are enjoing the flight. They (to
have) 5 a) are having, b) have, c) had a lovely room of their own. In general, we (to
have) 6 a) have been having, b) had had, c) have had a great time since we (to arrive)
7 a) had arrived, b) arrived, c) arrive. Unfortunately, Penny (to get) 8 a) got, b) has
got, c) is getting a very sunburn back on the first day so she (to have) 9 a) is having, b)
had, c) has had to wear a T-shirt since then. Jeremy (to meet) 10 a) met, b) had met, c)
is meeting an English boy of about the same age and they (to get) 11 a) are getting,
b) had got, c ) got on very well. They (to go) 12 a) went, b) had gone, c) have gone
into town on their own last night. And tonight they (to go) 13 a) will go, b) are
going, c )went to a disco. We (to spend) 14 a) spend, b) are spending, c) have spent
most of our time on the beach so far. Tomorrow we (to go) 15 a) will be going, b) are
going, c )go on a boat trip to one of the islands and we (to have) 16 a) have, b) are
having, c) will have a barbecue on the island. I really (to look) 17 a) will look forward,
b) look forward, c) am looking forward to that. Anyway, I (to give) 18 a) give, b) will
give, c) am giving you a ring when we (to get back) 19 a) will get back, b) get back, c)
are getting back and we (to see) 20 a) will see, b) see, c) are seeing you next week.
Best wishes, Sally and Robin
2. Make the following sentences indirect.

Поставьте следующие предложения в косвенную речь.
1. Jane said, "I work as a sales manager."
a) Jane said she worked as a sales manager.
b) Jane said she works as a sales manager.
c) Jane said she work as a sales manager.
2. "But I'm not working at the moment. I'm on holiday."
a) Jane said she is not working at the moment because she is on holiday
b) Jane said she was not working at the moment because she wa s on holiday
c) Jane said she were not working at the moment because she am on holiday
3. "Did you get this place a year ago?"
a) They asked me if had I got that place a year before.
b) They asked me if I had got that place last year.
c) They asked me when I had got that place a year before.
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4. "Why have you never been abroad yet?"

a) My friends asked me why I have never been abroad yet.
b) My friends asked me why you had never been abroad yet.
c) My friends asked me why I had never been abroad yet.
5. "Go to France next year."
a) My mother told me to go to France the following year.
b) My mother told me to go to France next year.
c) My mother told me go to France next year.
3. Correct the mistakes.

Исправьте ошибки.
1. If it’ll rain tomorrow we won't go to the beach.
a) If it rain tomorrow we won't go to the beach.
b) If it rains tomorrow we won't go to the beach.
c) If it’ll rain tomorrow we will not go to the beach.
2. Open the door, do you?
a) Open the door, will you?
b) Open the door, don’t you?
c) Open the door, are you?
3. I am playing tennis since 2 o’clock.
a) I was playing tennis since 2 o’clock.
b) I have been playing tennis since 2 o’clock
c) I play tennis since 2 o’clock
4. Do you know the man who live next door?
a) Does you know the man who live next door?
b) Do you knows the man who lived next door?
c) Do you know the man who lives next door?
5. He had much more friends than I expected.
a) He had more friends than I expected.
b) He had much more friends than I expected.
c ) He had much more friends than I had expected.
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Variant II

Text II. E-Mail

"E-mail is so clearly superior to paper mail for so many purposes," writes New York
Times computer writer Peter Lewis, "that most people who try it cannot imagine going
back to working without it." Says another writer, e-mail "occupies a psychological space
all its own: It's almost as immediate as a phone call, but if you need to, you can think
about what you're going to say for days and reply when it's convenient."
E-mail, or electronic mail, links computers by wired or wireless connections and
allows users, through their keyboards, to post messages and to read responses on their
display screens. With e-mail, you dial the e-mail system's telephone number, type in the
recipient's "mailbox" address, and then type in the message and click on the "Send"
button. The message will be sent to the recipient's mailbox. To gain access to your
mailbox, you dial the e-mail system's telephone number and type in the address of your
mailbox and your password, a secret word or numbers that limit access. You may then
read the list of senders and topics, read the messages, print them out, delete them, or
download (transfer) to your hard disk.
If you're part of a company, university, or other large organization, you may get e-
mail for free. Otherwise you can sign up with a commercial online service (America
Online, CompuServe, Prodigy), e-mail service (such as MCI Mail), or Internet access
provider (such as Netcom's NetCruiser or PSI's Pipeline USA).
E-mail has both advantages and disadvantages:
• Advantages of e-mail: Like voice mail, it helps people avoid playing phone tag or
coping with paper and stamps. A message can be as simple as a birthday greeting or as
complex and lengthy as a report with supporting documents. By reading the list of
senders and topics displayed on the screen, you can quickly decide which messages are
important. Sending an e-mail message usually costs as little as a local phone call or less,
but it can go across several time zones and be read at any time.
• Disadvantages of e-mail: Nevertheless there are some problems: You might have
to sort through scores or even hundreds of messages a day, a form of junk mail brought
about by the ease with which anyone can send duplicate copies of a message to many
people. Your messages are far from private and may be read by e-mail system operators
and others; thus, experts recommend you think of e-mail as a postcard rather than a
private letter. Mail that travels via the Internet often takes a circuitous route, bouncing
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around various computers in the country, until one of them recognizes the address and
delivers the message. Thus, although a lot of messages may go through in a minute's
time, others may be hung up because of system overload, taking hours and even days.
Nevertheless, the e-mail boom is only just beginning. In fact, it is perhaps the
principal reason for the popularity of the Internet, as we shall discuss. The U.S. Postal
Service is planning to offer e-mail with features of first-class mail, including "postmarks"
and return receipts.
What, however, if you want to meet face-to-face with someone who is far away?
Then you can use videoconferencing or picture phones.

temporary – временный
prospective – будущий, предполагаемый
employer – работодатель
to land – получать
superior – высший, лучший
immediate – непосредственный, неотложный
to reply – отвечать
convenient – удобный
response – ответ
to dial – набирать (номер телефона)
to click on – щёлкать
button – кнопка
to gain – получать
to sign – подписывать
to avoid – избегать
local – местный
junk – рекламные письма
circuitous route – круговой путь, маршрут
bouncing around – перескакивая с
to deliver – доставлять
to hаng up – зависнуть (компьютер)
overload – перегрузка (компьютер)
face-to-face – с глазу на глаз, тет-а-тет
Problem-solving

1) What does the New York Times computer writer Peter Lewis write about e-mail?
2) How does e-mail link the computers?
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3) In what case can you get e-mail for free?
4) What are the main advantages of e-mail?
5) Why are your messages far from private?
6) Why sometimes does it tke much time to send a message?
Writing
3. Write down what tenses were used in the text

Напишите, какие времена использовались в тексте
1. Digitizes –
2. Stores –
3. Will send out –
4. Will be sent –
5. Found –
6. Helped –
4. Translate the following sentences

Переведите следующие предложения
1. Системы голосовой почты позволяют доставить одно и то же сообщение
многим пользователям.
2. Преимущество голосовой почты в том, что она позволяет двум абонентам
продолжать обмениваться сообщениями, даже когда они не могут достичь друг
друга.
3.Электронная почта объединяет людей проводным или беспроводным
способом и позволяет пользователям отвечать на сообщения на экране. Если вы
хотите встретиться с тем, кто находится очень далеко, тогда вы можете
воспользоваться видеоконференцией.
Grammar test

Dear Suzanna,
Thank you for your letter I got last week. It was really good to hear from you. You
said you (see) 1 a) had seen, b) saw, c) have seen Angela recently, but you didn't say
how she (be) 2 a) is, b) was, c ) had been. Please, let me know and give her my regards.
I (be) 3 a) had been, b) am, c ) have been in Carolina for six weeks, and I am enjoying
life here very much. I (work) 4 a) am working, b) have been working, c) had been
working hard since I (arrive) 5 a) arrived, b) have arrived, c) am arriving. Before I
came to Carolina I (stay) 6 a) stayed, b) was staying, c) had been staying in New York.
I ( be robbed) 7 a) had been robbed, b) was robbed, c) have been robbed there. While
I (look) 8 a) was looking, b) had been looking, c) has been looking in the shop window
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on Sixth Avenue, I felt my shoulder bag (move) 9 a) had been moving, b) was moving,
c) is moving. I looked down at it and realized someone (take) 10 a) took, b) was taking,
c) had taken my wallet out of my bag. If I (be) 11 a) had been, b) were, c) was more
careful at that moment, it (not happen) 12 a) will not happen, b) would not have
happened, c) would not happen. But I'm trying to forget all that. I (live) 13 a) live, b)
am living, c) was living in a small hotel at the moment. But my colleague Bill who (live)
14 a) is living, b) lived, c )lives in Carolina (offer) 15 a) offered, b) is offering, c) offers
me to share his flat the workers (decorate) 16 a) decorate, b) are decorating, c) will
decоrate it at the moment, but I'm sure it (be) 17 a) is, b) was, c) will be OK. We already
(arrange) 18 a) have arranged, b) are arranging, c) had arranged everything and I
(move) 19 a) am moving, b) will be moving, c) will move next week. Some friends of
mine (go) 20 a) are going, b) will go, c) go on holiday soon. If I (not have to work)
21 a) am not having, b) will not have, c) do not have so hard, I (go) 22 a) will go, b)
am going, c) go with them. Would you like come here at Christmas? If you (come) 23 a)
came, b) comes, c) come , we (have) 24 a) will have, b) will be having, c) are having a
great time.
Write soon.
Love. Steve

1. She asked me, "Do you think it's right?"
a) She asked me did you thought it is tight.
b) She asked me if I thought it was right
c) She asked me if thought I it was right
2. He said, "Bill wants to know if you are free tomorrow"._
a) He said that Bill wanted to know if you were free next day.
b) He said that Bill want to know if are you free tomorrow?
c) He said that Bill wanted to knew if you was free next day.
3. He asked Bert, "When did you decide all this?"
a) He asked Bert when did you decided all this.
b) He asked Bert when he decided all this.
c) He asked Bert when he had decided all that.
4. Mother said, "Don't eat so many cakes, kids!"
a) Mother told kids not to eat so many cakes.
b) Mother said did not to eat so many cakes, kids!
c) Mother told kids did not to eat so many cakes.
5. The teacher asked his students, "Where does the Mississippi flow?"
a) The teacher asked his students where did the Mississippi flow?
b) The teacher asked his students where the Mississippi flows.
c) The teacher asked his students where the Mississippi flew.
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1. Is you afraid of dogs?
a) Are you afraid of dogs?
b) Do you afriad og dogs?
c) Am you afraid of dogs?
1. Have you ever was to India?
a) Have you ever were to India?
b) Did you ever be to India?
c) Have you ever been to India?
2. Is it often rain in St. Petersburg?
a) It often rain in St. Petersburg?
b) Does it often rain in St. Petersburg?
c) Is it often rains in St. Petersburg?
3. I hasn't got money.
a) I hasn't money.
b) I don’t hasn't got money.
c) I haven't got money.
4. He has got a lot of brothers, isn't he?
a) He has a lot of brothers, isn't he?
b) He has got a lot of brothers, hasn't he?
c) He has got a lot of brothers, doesn't he?
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Variant III

Text III. Video/Voice Communication

Videoconferencing is the use of television, sound, and computer technology to
enable people in different locations to see, hear, and talk with one another.
Videoconferencing could lead to V-mail, or video mail, which allows video
messages to be sent, stored, and retrieved like e-mail.
The picture phone is a telephone with a TV-like screen and a built-in camera that
allow you to see the person you're calling, and vice versa.
Want to have a meeting with people on the other side of the country or the world but
don't want the hassle of travel? You may have heard of or participated in a conference
call also known as audio teleconferencing, a meeting in which more than two people in
different geographical locations talk on the telephone. A variation on this meeting format
is e-mail-type computer conferencing, sometimes called "chat sessions." Computer
conferencing is a keyboard conference among several users at microcomputers or
terminals linked through a computer network. Now we have video/voice communication,
specifically videoconferencing and picture phones.
Videoconferencing & V-Mail

Videoconferencing, also called teleconferencing, is the use of television video and
sound technology as well as computers to enable people in different locations to see,
hear, and talk with one another. At one time, videoconferencing consisted of people
meeting in separate conference rooms that were specially equipped with television
cameras. Now videoconferencing equipment can be set up on people's desks, with a
camera and microphone to capture the people talking, and a monitor and speakers for the
listeners.
A relatively new development is an initiative to deliver V-mail, or video mail, video
messages that are sent, stored, and retrieved like e-mail.

to retrieve – находить, возобновлять
vice versa – наоборот
participate (take part) – принимать участие
equipped – оборудованный
equipment – оборудование
to set up – устанавливать
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Problem-solving

1. What does videoconferencing permit?
2. What’s sometimes called “chat session”?
3. Where can videoconferencing equipment be set up now?

1. Videoconferencing equipment can be set up …
on people’s desk
on children shelves
in mother’s fridge
2. Videoconferencing consisted of people meeting in separate conference rooms that
were specially equipped with …
sound technology
television cameras
microphone
Grammar test
1. Choose the right form of the verb.

Dear Ann,
It (rain) 1 a) was raining, b) has been raining, c) is raining all day today. I
suspect it always (rain) 2 a) rains, b) rain, c) is raining on Sundays in England.
Anyhow, it (rain) 3 a) had been raining, b) was raining, c) has been raining every
Sunday since I 4 (come) 4 a) came, b) had come, c) come here three month ago. I just
(begin) 5 a) begun, b) have begun, c) began to get used to it and I find it rather boring. I
.....(live) 6 a) live, b) lives, c) am living in a boarding house in Manchester at the
moment, but before that I (stay) 7 a) had been stayng, b) was staying, c) stayed at a
hotel. I already (meet) 8 a) met, b) have met, c) meet a lot of interesting people here,
who (come) 9 a) came, b) comes, c) had come from all over the world. Like me, they
.....(study) 10 a) study, b) had been studying, c) are studying English here.
Some of them (live) 11 a) have been living, b) live, c) are living here for quite a
long time but even they (not all speak) 12 a) not speak, b) don’t speak, c) are not
speaking English very well. In a few weeks I (have) 13 a) am having, b) will have, c)
have my first exam. If I (be) 14 a) will be, b) be, c) am lucky I (not have) 15 a) don’t
have, b) am not haning, c) won’t have any troubles. I already (pick up) 16 a) picked
up, b) have picked up, c) has picked up enough English to be able to understand native-
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speakers, but I still (have) 17 a) having, b) am having, c) have some problems with
spelling. I constantly (forget) 18 a) am forgetting, b) forgot, c) forget how the words
are written!!!
Sincerely yours, Alice.
2. Turn sentences into Reported speech.

1........................................................................................."You like Italian food, don't
you?"
a) He asked me didn’t you like Italian food?
b) He asked me if I liked Italian food.
c) He asked me did I liked Italian food.
1. "How long have you been learning Russian, Dan?"
a) She asked how long had you been learning Russian, Dan?
b)She asked Dan how long had he been learning Russian?
c) She asked Dan how long he had been learning Russian.
2. "Don't ever enter this room."
a) She told not ever to enter that room.
b) She said didn’t ever enter this room.
c) She said not ever to enter this room.
3. "Will Ted and Alice be at the party?"
a) She asked if Ted and Alice would be at the party.
b)She said would Ted and Alice be at the party?
c) She asked if would Ted and Alice be at the party.
4. "Kangaroos live in Australia.'
a) He said kangaroos lived in Australia.
b) He said kangaroos liveing in Australia.
c) He said kangaroos live in Australia.

1. It's Sunday tomorrow. So I haven't get up early tomorrow.
a) It's Sunday tomorrow. So I don’t have to get up early tomorrow.
b)It's Sunday tomorrow. So I won’t got up early tomorrow.
c) It will Sunday tomorrow. So I will haven't got up early tomorrow.
2. This magazine have become not interesting.
a) This magazine have became not interesting.
b)This magazine has become not interesting.
c) This magazine became not interesting.
3. There were very dark in the room.
a) It were very dark in the room.
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b)There was very dark in the room.
c) It was very dark in the room.
4. He are such an interesting man!
a) He am such an interesting man!
b)He are such interesting man!
c) He is such an interesting man!
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Variant IV
Text IV. Videoconferencing
Before you start

1What is videoconferencing used for?
2What are the advantages and disadvantages of videoconferencing?

1 A videoconference lets people in different places see and hear each other at the
same time. People use it for education, business and community events. Students can
learn about different cultures in real time, and go on virtual field trips without leaving
home. Businesses use it for meetings and job interviews because it saves money and time
in travelling. Libraries and town halls can use it to bring people together for community
meetings and other special activities.
2 Videoconferencing needs a Web camera and videoconferencing software. You can

use the Internet, a Local Area Network I LANS or an Integrated Service Digital Network
(ISDN) to have a videoconference. A LAN is usually a closed network connected by wire
cables. ISDN uses telephone lines but need special adaptors instead of modems to send
data.
3 Videoconferencing over the public Internet is not always reliable because the
amount of data that you can send depends on bandwidth. Public telephone lines
have a low bandwidth and usually give small video frames, poor picture quality and slow
delivery. Broadband sends more information over the Internet at faster speed but it is
expensive.
4 Videoconferencing tips
• Keep your eyes on the Web cam to show you are interested.
• Move slowly and talk in a strong, clear voice because of the small time delay
in videoconferencing.
• Wear dark or neutral colours as bright colours and patterns can affect picture
quality.
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2. Memorize the following words:

events – события
trip – поездка
activity – деятельность
Local Area Network – локальная сеть
Integrated Service Digital Network – встроенные услуги цифровой сети
reliable – надежный
to depend on – зависеть от
bandwidth – широкополосная линия
delivery – доставка
broadband – широкополосный
expensive – дорогой
delay – задержка
pattern – образец, эскиз
to affect – влиять
Problem-solving
3. Circle if the sentences are true (T) or false (F)

Обведите (T) если предложения правдивые и (F) если неправдивые
1Businesses use videoconferencing for meetings. T/F
2 The high bandwidth on the public Internet delivers pictures faster. T/F
3 ISDN sends data using telephone lines. T/F
4 You should talk and move quickly in a videoconference. T/F
5 Grey, cream and light brown are good colours for videoconferences. T/F
4. Circle the method of videoconferencing which

Обведите метод видеоконференции, который
1needs wire cables. LAN/ISDN
2uses adaptors. LAN/ISDN
3is usually a closed network. LAN/ISDN
4does not use telephone lines. LAN/ISDN
Writing
5. Complete the sentences (1-6) with the underlined words in the text
Закончите предложения (1-6) подчекрнутыми в тексте словами
1 ______________let you use electronic devices anywhere in the world.
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2 _______________ is expensive but it is better for videoconferencing.
3A low _________________ gives you poor picture quality.
4Broadband is more ________________ than the public Internet.
5With this software, you can make the video _____________ larger.
6The way you dress can ________________ the video image people see.
Grammar test

The Australian Salute
While I (to fly) 1 a) flew, b) was flying, c) am flying to Australia, I (to drop) 2 a)
dropped, b) was dropping, c) am dropping into conversation with a man sitting next to
me, and he (to tell) 3 a) tells, b) is telling, c) told me I should certainly learn "the
Australian salute". ."What (to be) 4 a) is, b) are, c) be that?" I asked. "You (to find out) 5
a) find out, b) will find out, c) found out when you (to get) 6 a) will get, b) got, c) get
there," he said. I (to arrive) 7 a) arrived, b) had arrived, c) have arrived in Perth last
week. Since then, I (to stay) 8 a) stayed, b) am staying, c) have been staying at a nice
hotel near a beautiful beach. I never (to visit) 9 a) have been, b) had been, c) was
Australia before and I (to enjoy) 10 a) am enjoying, b) enjoy, c) have been enjoying my
stay. I (to swim) 11 a) swim, b) am swimming, c) have been swimming every day since
the time I (to arrive) 12 a) arrived, b) have arrived, c) had arrived . Yesterday, an
Australian friend of mine (to suggest) 13 a) suggests, b) suggested, c) has suggested a
tour into "the bush". When we (to come) 14 a) had come, b) come, c) came to the place,
I (to see) 15 a) saw, b) have seen, c) had seen a plenty of flies flying over there and I
(to remember) 16 a) remember, b) remembered, c) had remembered at once the
conversation I (to have) 17 a) had, b) have had, c) had had on my way to Australia.
"What (to be) 18 a) is , b) was, c) are the Australian salute?" I asked waving my arms to
keep the flies away. "That's it," my companion said as he (to wave back) 19 a) waved
back, b) is waving back, c) was waving back.

1. “I’m the fastest runner in the school.”
a) John said he is the fastest runner in the school.
b) John said I was the fastest runner in the school.
c) John said he was the fastest runner in the school.
1. “I’ll phone you every week while I'm away.”
a) I told mother I will phone you every week while I am away.
b) I told mother I would phoned her every week while I was away.
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c) I told mother I would phone her every week while I was away.
2. "Don't forget to water the plants.”

a) My sister told me not to forget to water the plants.
b)My sister said to me not to forget to water the plants.
c) My sister told me did not forget to water the plants.
3. "Will you come to my party?"
a) Jane asked me would come to my party?
b) Jane asked me if I would come to her party.
c) Jane asked me if I would come to my party.
4. "Please, please, help me!"
a) She asked to help her.
b) She asked please help her.
c) She told to help her!

1. I have like this film.
a) I have liked this film.
b) I liked this film.
c) I did liked this film.
1. Moscow has been the capital of the Russian Federation.
a) Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation.
b) Moscow been the capital of the Russian Federation.
c) Moscow was the capital of the Russian Federation.
2. The jacket is too small. I have bought a new one.
a) The jacket is too small. I buy a new one.
b) The jacket is too small. I bought a new one.
c) The jacket is too small. I will buy a new one.
3. I lost the match as I played very badly.
a) I have lost the match as I played very badly.
b) I lost the match as I was playing very badly.
c) I lost the match as I had played very badly.
5. Bad news aren't make people happy.
a) Bad news don't make people happy.
b) Bad news doesn't make people happy.
c) Bad news don't makes people happy.
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APPENDIX
Part I
Module I
Глаголы to be и to have
to be Present Past Future
1) «быть», I am was will be
2) вспомага- He is
тельный They are were
глагол
to have
1) «иметь» I have
2) вспомага- He has had will have
тельный We have
глагол
Present Indefinite and Present Continuous
Характеристика действия
Present Indefinite Present Continuous
Обычное, регулярное Продолженное действие,

Как? дейстивие, факт процесс, который происходит
в определенный момент или
отрезок времени
глагол
be + -ing
1)usually, generally, 1) now, at present, at the

Когда always, never, often, seldom, moment
every day, sometimes Listen; Llook; I see…; I
2)будущее действие, hear…
связанное с расписанием, 2) будущее запланирован -
графиком ное действие
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 The Earth moves round  Look, it is moving.

Примеры the Sun.  She is living in that flat
 She lives in London. now.
 I work in my garden  He is working in the
every day. garden at present.
 The next train leaves in  He is leaving for Moscow
an hour. tomorrow.
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Articles
A/an
The Indefinite Article

Неопределенный Артикль
Неопределенный артикль используется только c исчисляемыми

существительными в единственном числе.
Запомните данные существительные, которые в английском языке не
используются во множественном числе и с артиклем a/an:
Advice News Trouble

Furninure Information Weather
Money Progress Work
Luggage Success Traffic
Baggage
1. В функции предикатива (часть сложного сказуемого):

e.g. He is a student.
2. Если перед существительным описательное прилагательное:

e.g. She wants a dress. She wants a new dress.
3. Если предмет упоминается впервые:

e.g. They live in a new house with a garden and a swimming pool.
4. Если предмет рассматривается как один из класса подобных (какой-либо,

любой, один):
e.g. Give me a pen. A doctor should help people.
5. В грамматических устойчивых выражениях:

It is a … There is a … He has a …
6. В выражениях с глаголами для обозначения кратковременного действия:

to have a talk to give a smile
to have a swim to give a look
to give a cry to to take a nap
to have a smoke to have a bite
7. В восклицательных предложениях:
e.g. What a nice dress!
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8. Для обозначения “одна порция”:
e.g. I’d like a beer, please.
9. Для обозначения конкретного времени или промежутка времени:

e.g. He will be back in a minute.
e.g. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
10. В устойчивых выражениях:
a lot of for a short time

a number of in a loudvoice
a few to be at aloss
a little to have a good time
as a result to have a cold
at a speed of to have a headache
it’s a pity to go for a walk
to be in a hurry to take a seat
it’s a shame at aglance
it’s a pleasure to tell a lie
11. После such, rather, quite

e.g. He is such a nice fellow.
12. С названием профессий:

e.g. She is a doctor.
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The
Definite Article
Определенный Артикль
1. Если речь идет о конкретном предмете:

e.g. I cleaned the car yesterday (my car).
2. Если про предмет говорят не в первый раз:

e.g. For lunch I had a sandwich. The sandwich wasn’t very good.
3. Если существительное или субстантивизиованное прилагательное означает

катeгорию людей или предметов:
e.g. the rich, the poor, the blind, the dead, the British, the middle class.
4. Если перед существительным есть прилагательное в превосходной степени

сравнения:
e.g. It’s the funniest book.
5. С единственным в своем роде предметом , явлением (существительным):

e.g. the earth, the Sun, the sky, the world, the center of the city, the President of the
country.
6. С существительными: the police, the fire department, the army, the post office,
the doctor, the dentist, the hospital, the sea, the movie, the theatre, the radio, the cinema.
7. С названием музыкальных инструметов:

e.g. Can you play the guitar?
8. З названием стран, в которые входят слова kingdom, states, union, federation,

republic, emirates:
e.g. The Russian Federaion, the United Kingdom.
9. С географическими названиями: группы островов, горные цепи, реки, моря,

океаны, каналы, озера (если не слова “lake”)
e.g. The Alps, the Irish Sea.
10. С названием английских газет, журналов:

e.g. The Times
11. С названием частей света:

e.g. The North
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12. С названием отелей, ресторанов, театров, кинотеатров, музеев, галерей,
кораблей, памятников:
e.g. The Hilton Hotel, The National Galery, The Washington Monument.
13. Перед фамилией во множественном числе:

e.g. The Browns.
in the morning/afternoon/evening the other day

in the country What’s the time
on the left/right to tell the truth
on the one/other hand to run the risk
the day before yesterday in the original
the day after tomorrow to keep the house
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The Zero Article
Нулевой Артикль
1. С исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе в функции

предикатива:
e.g. We are students.
2. С именами собственными:
e.g. Ann Smith is an English teacher.
3. С неисчисляемыми существительными: абстрактные существительные,

виды деятельности, вещества:
e.g. Water freezes at 100 degrees.
e.g. Money can’t buy love.
e.g. I like music.
4. В восклицательных предложениях с неисчисляемыми существительными:

e.g. What terrible weather!
5. С существительными в общем смысле:

e.g. Winners make things happen.
6. С названием учебных дисциплин:

e.g. I like English, but I don’t like Mathematics.
But: The English language.
7. С названием видов спорта с галоголом to play:

e.g. Tom is good at playing football.
8. С названиями болезней:
e.g. He suffered terribly from flu.
9. С существительными при обращении:

e.g. My headache is awful, doctor.
10. С названием стран и континентов:

e.g. America, Great Brittain.
But: the Netherlands, the Philippines.
11. С географическими названиями: город, отдельный остров, отдельная гора:

e.g. London. But the Hague.
e.g. Ireland.
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e.g. Ben Nevis.
12. С названием улиц, бульваров, скверов, авеню, площадей:

e.g. Fifth Avenue, Trafalgar Square.
13. С названием аэропортов, университетов, парков, дворцов, если в них

входят имена собственные:
e.g. Kennedy Airport, Hyde Park.
in bed to have breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper

by boat/tram/bus/car/train/plain/ from day to day
air/water/sea/land/post/airmail/mistake from morning till night
/chance/heart from beginning to end
on foot from head to foot
at/to school/work at breakfast/lunch/dinner/super
to go/come home at present
at home at first sight
all day long at war/peace
all year round in front of
at sunrise/sunset in time
on deck in fact
out of doors in conclusion
on/for sale
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The Use of Articles
With the Names of Months, Days, Seasons, Meals, Languages, Some
Nouns (day, night, evening, morning, etc.)
Использование артиклей с названиями сезонов, месяцев, дней, еды,
языков, некоторых существительных (day, night, evening, morning, etc.)
Месяцы, Чзыки:
Сезоны Части дня:
Существи дни: Еда: English,
summer, day, night,
тельные May, lunch, dinner French,
winter morning, evening
Monday German
Обычно I saw him I like I had Do you It was morning.
без in May/on summer. lunch at speak
артикля Monday. school. French?
'The' - We'll We met The lunch we The French I’ll never
eсли есть always in the had yester day of Canada forget the day
индивидуа remember winter of was very good. differs from we met.
лизиру- the May of 1995. the French
ющее 1945. of France.
объясне-
ние
'а' – если A cold lt was a We had a good lt was a hard day
есть May is a beautiful dinner yesterday.
описатель- usual thing spring.
ное here.
опреде-
ление
Устойчи- - early/late - to have - the English - early/late
вые spring breakfast (lunch) (French) morning
выражения (autumn) language (afternoon
- at night;
- What is the - from morning
English till night;
for...? - by day;
- in the morning
(evening)
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The Use of Articles
Использование артиклей со словами
School/College, Hospital, Bed, etc.
School
/college/ Hospital Bed Home Work
university
Без - to be at -to go to - to go to - to go - to go to
артикля
school, to hospital bed home work
когда
сущести go to school (лечь в спать); (идти идти на
витель- (обучаться в больницу домой); работу);
ное школе);
означает - to leave -to be in - to be/to - to come - to be at
не school hospital stay in bed home work
конкрет (окончить (лечиться (спать; (приходить (работать)
ный школу) в лежать в домой);
предмет, больнице) постели)
а его - to be at
предна home
значение (быть дома)
Обыч- - to go to the When our There is a a new home Thеу like the
ные пра school friend was bed, two work they are
вила ill we went armchairs doing now.
использо (идти к to the and a table
вания строению hospital in the
определен- to visit room. А work of
когда ной школы) him. Art.
сущест- (ходить к
витель- определен
ное ной
означает больнице
предмет как
посетитель
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The Use of Articles with Names of Persons
Использование артиклей с именами собственными
Существительные Без артикля Артикль the
1. Имена I met Ann yesterday. перед фамилией семьи во

собственные Old John often visits us. множественном числе:
The Browns have left London;
перед именем (фамилией),
которое имеет описание:
Is he the Sheldon who is a
writer?
2. Родстенники, a) при использовании Если не используется членами

члены семьи членами той же семьи семьи
пишутся с большой The daughter was as beautiful as
буквы the mother.
I'll ask Father about it.
Использование в устойчивых
выражениях:
b) при the son/daughter of a ...
использовании с Lomosov was the son of a
именами собственным fisherman.
Uncle George
3.Профессия, Professor
звание, титул, Mr\ Doctor
Mrs + имя General Smith
собственное Count
Mr
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Nouns Существительные
Plural form Множественное число
1. К существительным, которые оканчиваются на -s, -ss, -sh, -sh, -tch, -x, -o

добавляется –es:
Buses, boxes, teachers, wіtches, heroes.
Но!
Photos, solos, pianos, radios.
2. У существительных, которые оканчиваются на -у, буква меняется на –і и

добавляется –es:
City – cities.
Но если перед буквой -у гласная, тогда добавляется только –s:
Day – days.
3. У существительных, которые оканчиваются на -f, -fe, буква (-f) меняется на

–v и добавляется -еs:
Wife – wives.
Но!
Roof – roofs, hoof – hoofs, scarf – scarfs, warf – warfs, chief – chiefs, handkerchief
– handkerchiefs.
4. В следующих существительных меняется корневая гласная:

Man – men, woman – women, foot – feet, goose – geese, tooth – teeth,
mouse – mice, louse – lice, child – children, ox – oxen.
5. В следующих существительных единственное и множественное число

совпадают (меняется только число сказуемого):
Sheep, swine, deer, trout
6. Следующие существительные используются только в единственном числе:
advice news trouble

furniture information weather
money progress work
hair luggage baggage
traffic data money
7. Следующие существительные используются только во множественном

числе:
Trousers, glasses, scales, jeans, pijamas, pants, scissors, wages, clothes.
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8. Сложные существительные:
а) существительное+ существительное + s (-es):
lady-birds
б) существительное + s(-es) + предлог + существительное:
mothers-in-law
в) существительное + s(-es) + предлог:
passers-by
г) man (woman) + существительное меняется на men (women) +
существительное + s(-es):
men-drivers
д) если слова не являються существительными, то –s (-es) добавляется к
последнему члену:
forget-me-nots
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Many/much, few/a few, little/ a little
Тип Исчисляемые Неисчисляемые

существительных
много Many Much
Did many people attend Do you spend much time
the meeting yesterday? on your homework?
Has he got many friends? I haven’t much work to
do today.
мало Few Little
There are very few books We’ve made little
in our library. progress.
Few visitors came to our I had very little money
party. left.
несколько, A few A little
немного I have to see a few Cuold you give me a little
people this afternoon. help?
I’ve got a few ideas. Would you like a little
cake?
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Module II
The Past Continuous and Past Indefinite (Simple)
Характеристика действия
Past Continuous Past Indefinite
Действие, происходящее в Ежедневное, постоянное
определенный момент, период действие, факт в прошлом
Как? или отрезок времени в прошлом
was doing did
were doing
at 5 o’clock yesterday yesterday
from 3 to 6 yesterday last week
Когда? for 3 hours yesterday in 1990
the whole evening 5 years ago
on Monday last week
all day long
during the war
when I came in
 I was watching TV at 5  We went to the theatre
o’clock yesterday. yesterday.
 It was raining all day long  He visited his friends each
Примеры yesterday. weekend last year.
 He was reading a book when  They arrived here 5 years
I came. ago(1990).
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Types of questions
Типы вопросов
1. General – общий вопрос задается ко всему предложения с помощью

вспомагательных глаголов do, does, did; или вынесением первого глагола на
перовое место. При это смысловой глагол ставится после подлежащего и
употребляется в начальной форме.
e.g. She speaks four languages. – Does she speak four languages?
e.g. They will come next time. – Will they come next time?
2. Alternative – альтернативный вопрос задается также как и общий, но
добавляется частица or (или):
e.g. She speaks four languages. Does she speak four or three languages?
e.g. They will come next time. – Will they come or drive next time?
3. Disjuncive – порядок слов в предложении прямой, вопрос – в конце
предложения после запятой с помощью вспомагательных глаголов и частицы not
(см. пункт 1):
e.g. She speaks four languages, does not she?
e.g. They will not come next time, will they?
4. Special – специальный вопрос задается к определенному слову с помощью
вопросоительный слов (How, when, why, when, whose, whom …) + General общий
вопрос, исключяя то слово, к котрому ставится вопрос:
e.g. She speaks four languages. – How many languages does she speak?
e.g. They will come next time. – When will they come?
Special специальный вопрос к подлежащему задается без помощи
вспомагательных глаголов, с прямым порядком слов, вместо подлежащего
используется Who (или What) и добавляется глагол (сказуемое) в 3-ем лице,
единственном числе (т.е. как к he, she, it):
e.g. She speaks four languages. – Who speaks four languages?
e.g. I am at home. – Who is at home?
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Degrees of Comparison
Степени сравнения
Positive degree Comparative Superlative degree

hot degree
hotter the hottest
easy (adj) easier the easiest
early earlier the earliest
soon (adv) sooner the soonest
correctly (adv) more correctly the most correctly
exactly more exactly the most exactly
beautiful (adj) more beautiful the most beautiful
comfortable more comfortable the most comfortable
old (adj) older/elder the oldest/the eldest
often (adv) oftener the oftenest
more often the most often
slowly slower the slowest
more slowly the most slowly
quickly quicker the quickiest
more quickly the most quickly
far farther the farthest
further the furthest
well/good (adj) better the best
badly/bad worse the worst
much more the most
little less the least
Основные правила
1. В прилагательных как hot, big, fat, sad, wet; etc (1 гласная+1согласная)
удваивается последняя согласная:
e.g. hot— hotter— the hottest
2. В прилагательных как nice (fine, large, late, safe) добавляется -r, -st:
e.g. nice — nicer — the nicest
3. В прилагательных как busy с окончанием -у (после согласной) -у переходит

в -i, (-у после согласной – добавляются только окончания):
e.g. busy— busier—the busiest
grey— greyer— the greyest
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Для сравнения качества предметов используются такие формулы:
1. than (чем):
e.g. Moscow is larger than St. Petersburg. This book is less interesting than that
one.
2. as … as (такой … как):
e.g. He is as young as my brother. He works as hard as you.
3. not so … as (не такой … как):

e.g. She is not so beautiful as her mother.
e.g. This train goes not so quickly as that one.
4. the +пор. ст. … the+пор. ст. (чем … тем):

e.g. The more you work the better you know the language.
e.g. How much money do you need? The more the better.
5. much, far (намного, значительно) (для усиления сравнения):

e.g. The husband was much older than the wife.
а bit, a little (немного):
e.g. Could you speak a bit louder?
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Module III
Present Perfect
To have+3форма глагола
Характеризует действие, которе уже совершилось, связано с настоящим и

имеет результат в настоящем времени
I have written, worked I haven’t written, worked

has written, worked hasn’t written, worked
I have written, worked I haven’t written, worked
Have I have written? Yes, I have No, I haven’t

Has Yes, has No, hasn’t
written? Yes, has No, haven’t
Have
written?
Today, this week (day, month, year); never, ever, for, since, already, yet (отриц. –
еще не, вопрос - уже)
Present Perfect Continuous
To have+been+дієслово-ing
Характеризует действие, которе совершалось в прошлом, длилось или

продолжается до определенного момента в прошлом и связано с настоящим
I have been writing I haven’t been writing
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has been writing hasn’t been writing

been writing haven’t been writing
Have I been writing? Yes, I have No, I haven’t

Has been Yes , has No, hasn’t
writing? Yes, have No, haven’t
Have been
writing
Since morning, for an hour, for a long time
Past Perfect
had+3форма глагола
Характеризует действие, которе уже совершилось к определенному моменту в
прошлом
I, he, she, it, + had written I, he, she, it, + hadn’t

you, we, they written
you, we, they
Had + I, he,she, Yes, I, he,she, No, I, he,she,

it, you, we, they it, you, we, they had. it, you, we, they
+written? hadn’t.
By that time, when I came, never, ever, for, since, already, yet (отриц.), before, after
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Past Perfect Continuous

had+been+глагол-ing
Характеризует действие, которе продолжалось до определенного момента в
прошлом
I, he, she, it, + had been I, he, she, it, + had been
writing writing
you, we, they you, we, they
Had + I he,she, Yes, I, he,she, No, I, he,she,

it, you, we, they + been it, you, we, they it, you, we, they
writing? had. hadn’t.
Since that morning, for an hour, for a long time, before, after
Модальные глаголы и эквиваленты
Модальные
глаголы и их Present Past Future
эквиваленты
саn can could shall (will) be able
to
(возможность Modern computers You could use You will be able
выполнения can multiply two these data in to use any
numbers in one information.
действия) your research work
microsecond
Современные Вы сможете поль-
Вы могли
вычислительные зоваться любой
использовать эти
(могу, умею) машины могут умножать информацией
данные в нашей
два числа за одну
научной работе
микросекунду
to be able to am (is, are) able to was (were) able to shall (will) be
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able to
(быть в состоянии) He was able to cope He will be able to
(удаваться, with the testing of cope with the test
He is able to cope with the
справляться) this device. ing of this device.
testing of this device.
Он мог бы Он сможет
Он может справиться с
справиться с справиться с
проверкой этого прибора
проверкой этого проверкой этого
прибора прибора
must must had to will have to
обязанность The atom must be used for He had to write down He will have to
(должен, обязан) the good of mankind. all the data. write down all the
Атом должен служить Он обязан был data.
человеку записывать все Он будет обязан
данные записывать все
данные
to have to have (has) to had to will have to
необходимость The engineer has Тhе engineer The engineer will
выполнения to examine this de vice. had to examine have to examine
действия) this device this device
(приходится) Инженер должен Инженер должен Инженер должен
осмотреть был осмотреть будет осмотреть
этот прибор этот прибор этот прибор
to be to am (is, are) to was (were) to will be to

(запланированное We are to begin We were to begin We will be to be-
действие) our experiment our experiment gin our experiment
(должен по this week. last week. next week.
расписанию, Мы должны начать Мы должны были Мы должны
контракту, плану, эксперимент на этой начать эксперимент будем начать этот
договоренности) неделе на этой неделе эксперимент на
следующей
неделе
may may might will be allowed to
(разрешение) The engineers may The engineers The engineers
examine this device. might have examined will be allowed
(можно, this device. examine this device
позвольте) Инженеры могут Инженеры могли Инженерам
осмотреть осмотреть разрешат
этот прибор этот прибор осмотреть этот
прибор
to be allowed to am (is, are) allowed to was (were) allowed will be allowed to
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to
The engineers are The engineers The engineers
(разрешается) allowed to examine were allowed to will be allowed to
this device. examine this device examine this device
Инженерам Инженерам Инженерам
разрешено осмотреть разрешили разрешат
этот прибор осмотреть осмотреть
этот прибор этот прибор
Глагол must в Perfect Infinitive переводится как должен был, возможно,

наверное, глагол could — возможно мог, мог; may — возможно, might — мог бы.
He must have found out about the Он возможно узнал о
conference from the newspaper. конференции из газет.
I could have gone to the conference. Я мог бы поехать на
But I was not invited. конференцию. Но я не был
приглашен
You might have made the ex- Ви могли б провести
periment more carefully. експеримент більш ретельно.
Глаголы can и could в отрицательной форме в Perfect Infinitive выражают

сомнение возможности выполнения действия в будущем и переводится как не
может быть чтобы + глагол в будущем, не мог + начальная форма глагола.
He could not have used this He может быть, чтобы он использовал

device, it was out of order этот прибор, он был неисправен
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Module IV
Future Indefinite
Wll+1форма
глагола
Характеризует действие, которое будет совершаться в будущем времени
I, he, she, it, will I, he, she, it, will not work
work you, we, they
you, we, they
Will + I, he, she, it ,you, Yes, he will No, he will not

we, they + work? (he'll not, he won't)
Tomorrow, the next day (week, month, year), in 2010
Future Continuous
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Will be + глагол-ing
Характеризует действие, которое будет совершаться в будущем времени в

определенный момент времени
I, he, she, it, will be working I, he, she, it, will not work
Will + I, he, she, Yes, he will No, he will not (he'll

it ,you, we, they +be not, he won't)
+working?
Tomorrow at 5 o’clock, the whole day (week, month, year), during 2010
Future Perfect
Wll have +3форма

глагола
Характеризует действие, которое уже совершится в будущем времени
I, he, she, it, will have written I, he, she, it, will not have
you, we, they written
you, we, they
Will + I, he, she, it, Yes, I will. No, I will not.

you, we, they + have +
written?
By this time tomorrow, when you come, never, ever, for, since, already, yet (отриц.)
Future Perfect Continuous
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Will have been + глагол-ing
Характеризует действие, которое будет совершаться в будущем или будет

продолжаться до определенного момента в будущем
I, he, she, it, will have been I, he, she, it, will not have
writing been
Will + I, he, she, it, Yes, I will. No, I will not.

you, we, they + have +
been + writing?
Since next morning, for an hour, for a long time tomorrow.
Но!
Мы не используем Future Tense после if, when, till, until, after, before, as soon
as, вместо него используется Present Tense
The Sequence of Tenses. Согласование времен
Indirect Speech. Косвенная речь
В английском языке при переводе прямой речи в косвенную действует правило

согласования времен, которое заключается в следующем:
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в прошедшем
времени, то сказуемое придаточного предложения (преимущественно
дополнительного) не может употребляться в форме настоящего или будущего времени
— оно должно быть выражено одним из прошедших времен.
Согласно простому практическому правилу в этом случае все времена в
придаточном предложении сдвигаются на одну ступеньку вниз:
Present Continuous (am/is/are dong) Past Continuous (was/were doіng)

Present Indefinite (do/does) Past Indefinite (did)
Past Indefinite (did) Past Perfect (had done)
Present Perfect (have/has done) Past Perfect (had done)
Can; may; must could; might; must (had to)
Will would
Какие шаги необходимо совершить:
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1. поставить соединительное "ли" — if/whether
1. преобразовать вопросительное предложение на положительное:
(подлжещее+сказуемое):
Is he a student? => he is a student.
Does he live here? => he lives here.
3. используется правила согласования времен:
Не is ... => Не was ...
Не lives ... => Не lived ...
Изменение обстоятельства места и времени:

Here there
This that
These those
Now then
Tomorrow next day
Next following
Today that day
Tonight that night
Yesterday the day before
Ago before
Last before
Повествовательное предложение
Прямая речь Косвенная речь

"We live in Kiev." they lived in Kiev.
"I are working now" informed he was working then.
"You lived in Kiev before." knew she had lived in Kiev.
"They have done it." He said that they had done it.
"She was working here." thought she had been working there.
"He will come tomorrow." told he would come next day.
"They will be waiting for me." they would be waiting for him.
Общий, разделительный и альтернативный вопросы

“Do you like London?” I like London.
“Has she brought this parcel?” she had brought this parcel.
“Will we stay in the Crimea asked me they would stay on the
long?” He wanted to know if Crimea long.
“You are living in a hotel, wondered I was living in the hotel.
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aren’t you?”
“She arrived in St. Petersburg She had arrived in St.
yesterday, didn’t she?” Petersburg the day before.
“Have you packed your suit- I had packed my suitcase or
case or a bag?” a bag.
“Can we buy an ice-cream or they could buy an ice-cream
some sweets for us?” or some sweets for them.
Специальный вопрос (where? when? ... )

"Where do you live?" where I lived.
"When did he come?" asked me when I had come.
"What are we doing?" He wanted to know what they were doing.
"How has she done it?" wondered how she had done it.
Повелительное предложение

“Keep quiet!” He told me to keep quiet
“Don't make noise!” He asked me not to make noise
Irregular Verbs
Неправильне глаголы
Внимание! Форма Іnfіnіtіve отвечает на вопрос: Что делать? Форма Past Tense
отвечает на вопрос: Что делал? Причастие ІІ (для переходных глаголов) - на
вопрос: Какой? Причастие І отвечает на вопрос: Какой? Как?
N V1 V2 V3 Значение
1 arise arose arisen подниматься
2 be was, were been быть, являться
3 bear bore born родить
4 become became become сделаться, стать
5 begin began begun начинать(ся)
6 bend bent bent гнуть
7 bind bound bound связывать
8 bite bit bit кусать(ся)
9 bleed bled bled истекать кровью
10 blow blew blown дуть
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11 break broke broken ломать(ся)

12 breed broke bred воспитывать
13 bring brought brought приносить
14 build built built строить
15 burn burnt burnt гореть, жечь
16 buy bought bought покупать
17 cast cast cast кидать
18 catch caught caught ловить, схватывать
19 choose chose chosen выбирать
20 come came come приходить
21 cost cost cost стоить
22 cut cut cut резать
23 dig dug dug рыть, копать
24 do did done делать
25 draw drew drawn тащить; рисовать
26 dream dreamt dreamt мечтать; видеть во сне
27 drink drank drunk пить
28 drive drove driven вести, гнать
29 eat ate eaten есть, кушать
30 fall fell fallen падать
31 feed fed fed кормить
32 feel felt felt чувствовать
33 fight fought fought бороться, сражаться
34 find found found находить
35 flee fled fled бежать; спасаться
36 fly flew flown летать
37 forget forgot forgotten забывать
38 get got got получать; становиться
39 give gave given давать
40 go went gone идти, ходить
41 grow grew grown расти, становиться
42 hang hung hung вешать, висеть
43 have had had иметь
44 hear heard heard слышать
45 hide hid hidden прятать
46 hold held held держать
47 keep kept kept держать, хранить
48 know knew known знать
49 lead led led вести
50 learn learnt learnt учить(ся)
51 leave left left оставлять, покидать
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52 lend lent lent давать взаймы

53 let let let позволять
54 light lit lit зажигать
55 lose lost lost терять, проигрывать
56 make made made делать
57 mean meant meant значить
58 meet met met встречать
59 put put put класть
60 read read read читать
61 ride rode ridden ездить верхом
62 rise rose risen подниматься
63 run ran run бежать
64 say said said сказать
65 see saw seen видеть
66 sell sold sold продавать
67 send sent sent посылать
68 set set set помещать; устанавливать
69 shake shook shaken трясти
70 shine shone shone сиять, блестеть
71 shoot shot shot стрелять
72 shut shut shut закрывать
73 sing sang sung петь
74 sink sank sunk погружаться
75 sit sat sat сидеть
76 sleep slept slept спать
77 smell smelt smelt нюхать, пахнуть
78 speak spoke spoken говорить
79 spend spent spent тратить
80 spoil spoilt spoilt портить
81 spread spread spread распространять
82 spring sprang sprung прыгать
83 stand stood stood стоять
84 steal stole stolen красть; похищать
85 strike struck struck ударять
86 strive strove striven бороться
87 swear swore sworn клясться
88 swim swam swum плавать
89 take took taken брать
90 teach taught taught обучать
91 tear tore torn разрывать, рвать
92 tell told told сказать
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93 think thought thought думать

94 throw threw thrown бросать
95 understand understood understood понимать
96 wear wore worn носить, изнашивать
97 weep wept wept плакать
98 win won won выигрывать, побеждать
99 wind wound wound крутить, заводить (часы)
100 write wrote written писать
Учебное издание
Елена Анатольевна Радиус
Infotech
Part I
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Радиус Е.А. Infotech Part I

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Министерство транспорта и связи Украины

Государственная администрация связи

Радиус Е.А. Infotech Part I: учебное пособие/Радиус Е.А. – Одесса: ОНАС,

Отв. ред. – доц. Чугунова Н.В.

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов дистанционного обучения 1-х

Одобрено на заседании кафедры

Reading and translating: Text I. A Computer- &-Communications

Reading and translating: Text II. Hardware

Reading and translating: Text III. Input Hardware

Reading and translating: Text IV. Output Hardware

Reading and translating: Text I. Hard Disks

Reading and translating: VIII. Optical Disks & Drives

Reading and translating: Text II. Five Kinds of Computers

Reading and translating: Text III. Developments in Communications

Reading and translating: Text I. The Four Types of Applications Software

Reading and translating: Text II. Entertainment Software

Reading and translating: Text III. Educational & Reference Software

Reading and translating: Text IV. Basic Productivity Software

Reading and translating: Text IX. Voice Mail

Reading and translating: Text X. E-Mail

Reading and translating: Text XI. Video/Voice Communication

Reading and translating: Text XII. Video Conferencing

Present Simple Present Continuous

The Verbs to be and to have

Reading and translating

Text I. A Computer- &-Communications System

The Basic Operations of Computing

1. Memorize the following words

2. Answer the questions

3. Give the name to the given explanation

4. Choose the right answer

1. Circle the correct tense.

2. Open the brackets using Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.

3. Put in the right article or -.

5. Put the verb in brackets in the required form.

6. Underline the right form of quantity.

Reading and translating

Text II. Hardware

1. Memorize the following words:

2. Answer the questions

3. Make the right choice

4. A peripheral device is:

4. Translate into the English language

1. Circle the correct tense.

2. Open the brackets using Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.

3. Put in the right article or if necessary.

5. He lives in ……….most beautiful building in our city on ………tenth floor.

4. Make plural of the following words.

5. Put the verb in brackets in the required form.

3. Fortunately the news (to be) not as bad as we'd expected.

6. Underline the right form of quantity.

Reading and translating

Text III. Input Hardware

Five Categories of Keys

What does a Scanner Do?

1. Memorize the following words

2. Answer the questions

3. Make the right choice

click double-click drag grab select move control

1. Circle the correct tense.

2. Open the brackets using Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.

3. Put in the right article or -.

4. Make plural of the following words.

5. Put the verb in brackets in the required form.