Terminological Practicum For It Students

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
Department of Languages
V. Yermakova
B. Jolamanova
M. Vasquez
TERMINOLOGICAL PRACTICUM
for IT students
Almaty 2016
УДК
ББК
Рецензенты:
Доктор педагогических наук, профессор, ректор КАЗУМОиМЯ Кунанбаева С.С.
Доктор филологических наук, профессор КБТУ Загидуллин Р.З.
Доктор инженерных наук,
профессор Университета Сулеймана Демиреля Мухамедиев Р.И.
PhD, сениор-лектор МУИТ Хамитов А.Н.
MSc in International Business, ассистент профессор АО «МУИТ» Каржаубаева С.Э.
Составители:
В.А. Ермакова, Б.Д. Джоламанова, M. Васкес. Terminological practicum for IT students –
Алматы, МУИТ, 2016. - 213 с.
ISBN
Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов ИТ специальностей, изучающих курс

профессионального английского языка в вузах технического профиля с целью расширения
терминологического словарного запаса и развития навыков использования английского
языка как средства профессионального общения.
2
УДК
ББК
ISBN
©МУИТ, 2016
The manual “Terminological Practicum for IT students” is meant to complement the English for
Special Purposes textbooks for the students of Pre-Intermediate - Upper Intermediate levels
majoring in IT, taking a course in Professional English. It consists of 2 parts, each containing
several thematically organized modules.
Each module in its turn comprises a 40-terms glossary, a set of language and speech activities
and a vocabulary test.
The manual is supplemented with attachments (keys and index). It is designed for 90 academic
hours.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
pp.
GENERAL PART 5
Module 1. PEOPLE IN IT 5
Module 2. DEVICES AND GADGETS 14
Module 3. TEXTING 23
Module 4. HARDWARE 31
Module 5. SOFTWARE 41
Module 6. CYBERSPACE 53
Module 7. CYBER CRIME 65
Module 8. CYBER SECURITY 75
Module 8. TRENDS IN IT 87
SPECIFIC PART 96
SPECIFIC PART 96
Module 11. NETWORKS 105
Module 12. PROGRAMMING 116
Module 13. RADIOELECTRONICS 129
Module 14. TELECOMMUNICATION 140
Module 15. COMPUTER MODELING 160
Module 16. MATHEMATICS 171
KEYS 182
4
GENERAL PART
Module 1. PEOPLE IN IT
№ Term Definition Usage

1 Administrator (n) an individual who is work as/perform the functions of/
responsible for the take on the responsibilities of/earn
running of and the day- one’s living as an ~; occupy/get
to-day operation of a promoted to/give up/take up the
project, program, a position of an ~; database/system ~;
business, organization, administration (n), administer (v),
etc. administrative (adj); dministratively;
syn. manager
2 Analyst (n) a person engaged in work as/perform the functions
detailed examination of of/take on the responsibilities of/earn
the computer systems one’s living as an ~; occupy/get
and procedures and promoted to/give up/take up the
designing information position of an ~; information
system solutions to help security/support ~; analysis (n),
them operate more analyze (v), analytical (adj),
efficiently and analytically (adv)
effectively
3 Architect (n) the one who designs and work as/perform the functions of
builds computer systems /take on the responsibilities of/earn
one’s living as an ~; occupy/get
promoted to/give up/take up the
position of an ~; architecture (n):
personal computer /modern
computer/client-server/64-bit
computer ~; architectural (adj): ~
design
4 Back (adj) the side or part of the ~-end programmer/developer;
work that is not ~ -office employee;
normally seen by the ant. front-end; front-office
customer
5 Blogger an individual or a small make a post on/keep a ~; blog (v);
group regularly updating blog (n); blogging (v)
its weblog (blog for
short) run in an informal
or conversational style
6 Botmaster (n) an individual who act as/perform the functions of/take
maintains a bot and is on the responsibilities of a ~
responsible for keeping
it online, fixing errors,
ensuring compliance
with the rules of the
channel or server it's
5
logged into
7 Cryptographer the one engaged in work as/perform the functions of/
(n) protecting sensitive data take on the responsibilities of/earn
and making it one’s living as a ~; occupy/get
unreadable for anyone promoted to/give up /take up the
not meant to see the data position of a ~; decrypt (v), encrypt
(v), cryptography (n), cryptographic
(adj)
8 Consumer (n) a person who uses goods ~ demand/culture/spending/goods/
and services protection/products/durables/electron
ics/market/boom; protect/benefit the
~; consume (v), consumerism (n)
syn. end-user
9 Customer (n) a person who buys ~ service/support; customize (v),
goods or services from a customized (adj), customization (n)
shop or a business syn. client, clientele
10 Designer (n) the one who is a graphic ~; design (n): make ~
responsible for creating decisions, computer-aided/creative/
solutions that have a standard ~; designed (adj): a
high visual impact specially ~ feature
11 Developer (n) the one who creates a program/application/web/back-
computer program and end/front-end ~; develop (v),
brings it into existence development (n)
12 Engineer (n) a person who designs, computer software/hardware ~;
builds, or maintains engineering (n):
engines, machines, or software/hardware/power ~
structures
13 Expert (n) a person who is very security ~ ; an ~ in sth; expert (adj):
knowledgeable about or be ~ at sth; ~ evaluation of sth;
skilful in a particular expertise (n): technical ~; a field of
area ~;
syn. proficiency
14 Follower (n) on social media sites, have ~s; become sb’s ~;
someone who subscribes follow (v), following (adj)
to and receives sb’s
updates
15 Geek (n) a knowledgeable and ob alpha~; ugly~; geek (v), geekish
sessive enthusiast; an (adj);
individual who syn. addict, devotee
frequently uses the
computer in his or her
free time rather than
participates in any other
activities
16 Freelancer a self-employed person earn one’s living as a ~;
hired to work for freelance (adj): a ~ programmer;
different companies on freelance (n): try one’s hand in ~
particular assignments
17 Lamer (n) (slang) a stupid, inept, or feel like/be a ~; a bunch of ~s
dull person, who does
not understand what he
6
or she is doing
18 Layman (n) a person without a ~ in sth; an interested/intelligent ~;
professional or syn. amateur; ant. professional
specialized knowledge
in a particular subject
19 Lurker (n) a person who reads the be/act as a ~; lurk (v): ~ in a
postings in an Internet chatroom/on listservs
forum without actively
contributing
20 Manager (n) a person responsible for network/product/program ~;
controlling or (mis)manage (v), (mis)management
administering sth (n), managerial (adj)
21 Master (n) a person who has Web/bot~ ; gamester (gamemaster);
complete control of sth ~ of the situation;
ant. slave
22 Moderator (n) a person who governs, act as/perform the functions of/take
drives, mediates an on the responsibilities of a ~;
Internet forum or an moderate (adj); moderation (n)
online discussion
23 Nerd (n) an individual who is a computer ~;
obsessed with science, nerdy (adj), nerdish (adj),
math, or technology, nerdishness (n)
commonly possessing syn. geek
little or no social skills
24 Netizen (n) a user of the Internet, privacy-conscious ~s; the new
especially a habitual or generation of ~s; netizenry (n);
keen one netizenship (n);
Cf. citizen
25 Newbie (n) an inexperienced netizen ~s; a ~ on the computer; a ~
newcomer to a particular to Linux
activity
26 Programmer (n) the ones who write applications/systems/Java/experience
codes to create software d ~; program (v), program (n),
programs by turning the (re)programmable (adj)
program designs made
by software developers
and engineers into
instructions that a
computer can follow
27 Provider (n) a company that provides a leading/major ~; provide (v): ~ sb
(ISP) Internet access to users or with sth; ~ for sth; provision (n);
subscribers of its service provided that… (conj);
syn. supplier
28 Operator (n) the person responsible machine/equipment ~;
for the secure and operation (n): be (put) in ~; operate
efficient work of (v): ~ upon sb; operational (adj): ~
computer hardware expenses; be fully ~
systems
29 Repairer (n) the one who restores sth work as/use the services of a ~;
damaged or faulty to a repair (n): be in a state of ~; need ~;
normal working ~ damage; be beyond ~;
7
condition syn. fix (up), mend
30 Savvy (adj) shrewd and a computer-~ person; a ~ player;
knowledgeable about sth syn. intelligent, canny
31 Scientist (n) one inventing and computer/information research ~;
designing new science (n); scientific (adj): ~
approaches to the study/knowledge/community;
computing technology scientifically (adv);
and finding innovative syn. researcher, theorist
uses for the existing
technology
32 Specialist (n) a person highly skilled computer support/network
in a specific and support/multimedia/security ~;
restricted field specialize (v): ~ in sth;, specialty (n),
special (adj), specially (adv)
33 Subscriber (n) the one who has ~ to a magazine/service; a new ~;
arranged for access to an subscribe (v): ~ to sth online;
electronic mailing list or subscription (n;
an online service ant. unsubscribe
34 Surfer (n) the one who moves from Internet ~;
site to site on the surfing (n), surf (v)
Internet
35 Technician (n) a person employed to a software/laboratory/CISCO/skilled
look after technical ~; technique (n), technology (n),
equipment, an expert in technical (adj);
the practical application Cf. techie
of a science
36 Telecommuter (n) the one working for a telecommute (v); telecommuting (n):
company from home, allow for/promote ~
making use of the
Internet, email, and the
telephone
37 Troubleshooter the one analyzing and helpdesk ~;
(n) solving serious problems troubleshooting (v): have a proven
for a company or other track record in ~; preventive
organization, or tracing maintenance and ~
and correcting faults in
an electronic system
38 User (n) a person who applies or end/power/default ~;
operates sth, a client, ~ manual/account/base/ID/profile
customer, consumer /policy; ~-friendly interface, useful
(adj), usable (adj), usability (n), user-
friendly (adj), user-friendliness (n)
39 Vendor (n) a person or company a street ~;
that provides a service vend (v), vending (adj): ~ machine,
or a product and offers it vendible (adj);
for sale, especially in the syn. seller
street
40 Wizard (n) a person who is very
skilled in a particular syn. genius master, expert
field or activity
8
1. Computer and information technology occupations. US Bureau of Labour Statistics. [Online].
Available: http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/home.htm [Accessed:
13 Sept. 2015]
2. Browse job profiles. Graduate prospects. [Online]. Available:
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/types_of_jobs_information_technology.htm [Accessed: 21 Sept.
2015]
3. Computer dictionary. Computer Hope. [Online]. Available:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/jd.htm [Accessed 26 Sept. 2015]
4. Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available:
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Give synonyms:
1. geek
2. administrator
3. layman
4. end-user
5. client
6. wizard
7. provider
Activity 2. Give antonyms:
1. backend
2. encrypt
3. layman
4. newbie
5. master
6. vendor
7. client
Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

operate
special
program
developmentally
consume
analyst
9
Activity 4. Match the given terms with their definitions:
1. cryptographer A. an individual who is responsible for the running of and the day-to-
day operation of a project, program, a business, organization
2. moderator B. the one who decides upon the look and functioning of program and
is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact
3. administrator C. the one engaged in protecting sensitive data and making is
unreadable for anyone not meant to see the data
4. telecommuter D. a person who drives or mediates an Internet forum or online
discussion
5. designer E. the one working for a company from home, making use of the
Internet, email, and the telephone
6. vendor F. the one tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or
analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other
organization
7. troubleshooter G. a person or company that provides a service or a product and
offers it for sale, especially in the street
Activity 5. Insert prepositions:
1. He is a newbie – the computer.

2. Who will take the __ manager responsibilities?
3. He is an expert __ programming.
4. You can’t fix the scanner. It is __ repair.
5. Have you subscribed __ this magazine?
6. He has a proven track-record __ troubleshooting.
7. I took __ the position of an administrator.
Activity 6. State the type of logical relations between the following words:
Concepts Type of logical relations

1. expert - newbie A. general and specific
2. digital technologies – telecommuting B. cause and effect
3. developer – designer C. contrast
4. architect – designer D. method and purpose
5. Internet forum – moderator E. part and whole
6. bug – troubleshooting
F. equivalence
7. wizard – lamer
Activity 7. Complete the tables with verbs, nouns or adjectives to Complete the tables with
verbs, nouns or adjectives to form collocations with the given target vocabulary units:
Verb Target vocabulary unit
administrator
Adj/N Target vocabulary unit
10
user
programmer
manager
Activity 8. Decode John Pfeiffer’s saying about computers and people and comment on it:
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp
Activity 9. Divide the above listed IT professions into 2 groups of “white-collar” and “blue-
collar” jobs.
Activity 10. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram
below:
front end - back end programmer

consumer-customer
nerd – geek
lurker – follower
lamer – newbie
freelancer – full-time employee
netizen – citizen
Differences Differences 11
Similarities
2. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 2. ________ 3. ________________
4. ________________ 3. ________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
Activity 11. Relate the following professions to the respective stages of programming and
arrange them chronologically:
Operator
Designer
Analyst
Cryptographer
Developer
Activity 12. Name 5 back-end jobs directly related to programming. Give a brief job
description of any of them.
Activity 13. Name 5 front-end office jobs directly related to programming. Give their brief
description.
Activity 14. Identify 5 computer problems and say who you would ask for help (e.g. if you need
a non-existent application, if your computer is out of order, if you want to buy a computer,
etc.)
Activity 15. Describe your personal experience of working as a…or the job which you would
like to do.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “master - slave”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “geek – alpha geek”:
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “subscriber - follower”:
a) equivalence b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole
4 Mark the odd word: a) fix b) mend c) repair d) restore
5 Which of these is a person who governs or mediates an Internet forum or online
discussion: a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator
12
6 Which of these maintains an autonomous program on a network:
a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator
7 Which of these is a computer-savvy person: a) layman b) lamer c) wizard d) newbie
8 Which of these has the most theoretical field of expertise:
a) expert b) specialist c) analyst d) scientist
9 You can subscribe ___ the listserv for £3 per annum and receive advance notice of all
events. a) for b) in c) to d) on
10 He is expert __ project development. a) for b) in c) at d) on
11 Some people just lurk ___ listservs without participating. a) for b) in c) at d) on
12 A developer is the one who
a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence
b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact
c) who writes codes to create software programs
d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures
13 A programmer is the one who
a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence
b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact
c) who writes codes to create software programs
d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures
14 Mark the odd word: a) provider b) customer c) client d) consumer
15 A person who uses goods and services is called a(n)___ .
a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor
16 A person or company that provides a service or a product and offers it for sale,
especially in the street is called a(n)___. a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor
17 A repairer is a person
a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application
of a science
b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems
c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition
d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving
serious problems for a company or other organization
18 An operator is a person ___ .
a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application
of a science
b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems
c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition
d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving
serious problems for a company or other organization
19 The difference between a nerd and a geek concerns mostly ___ .
a) stylistic colouring b) field of operation c) gender d) attitude to occupation
20 “Процесс поиска неисправностей, диагностики и устранения неполадок” is best
translated as: a) repairing b) mending c) troubleshooting d) fixing
13
Module 2. DEVICES AND GADGETS
1 Assist (v) help sb typically by doing a ~ sb at/in/with sth; assistant (n),
share of the work, providing assistance (n); assistive (adj): ~
money or information technology;
syn. help, aid, give sb a hand
ant. hinder sth, prevent sb from
doing sth
2 Barcode (n) a set of printed lines on a ~ reader/system/generator/program/
product’s label that tells a verifier; read/type/identify/print/
computer information about encode/scale the ~;
it, such as its price barcode (v): ~(a)
product/item/goods
3 Braille (n) a system of printing and (the) ~ equipment/display/
writing for the blind, in which system/writer/
characters are formed by label/font/alphabet/converter;
patterns of raised dots which use/read/touch/create/learn ~;
are felt with the fingertips written/labeled in ~; ;
brailled (v)
4 BYOD (Bring the practice of allowing implement/introduce/follow ~;
Your Own employees or students to the ~ policy/practice
Device) bring their own computing
devices to work, college,
university etc. for work/study
purposes
5 Camera (n) a device for recording visual ~ compartment/user/lens/rig/film/
images in the form of shot/track; a(n) optical/compact ~;
photographs, films, or video furbish/upgrade/replace a ~;
signals the CCTV ~
6 Charge (v) store electrical energy (in a ~ a battery/gadget/device; keep the
battery or battery-operated battery ~d; ~ sb with sth; be in ~ of
device); formally accuse sb of sth;
sth, especially of an offence impose/levy/lay/bring/make/pay/
under law; entrust sb with a increase/reduce the ~s; free of ~;
duty or responsibility; re/chargeable (adj): ~ battery;
demand (an amount) as a charger (n);
price for a service rendered or syn. control, accusation, fee
goods supplied
7 Connect (v) join together so as to provide ~ to a device/wire/network/router/
access and communication printer /computer/gadget;
(dis)connection (n):
have/break/sever/establish/find/mak
e/see a ~; (dis)connected, (adj);
(dis)connectedly (adv); connective
(adj); connectivity (n)
syn. link
ant. disconnect
8 Device (n) a mechanism or piece of ~ contention/driver/ node; a(n)
equipment designed to serve input/output/MIDI/warning/
a purpose or perform a reading/locking/surveillance/
function household/recording ~;
14
purchase/(dis)connect/upgrade a ~;
syn. gizmo, gadget
Cf: peripheral
9 Digital (adj) stored as numbers or ~ age/audio/camera/certificate/
electronic signals (about computer/divide/film/signature/
information) detox; digit (n), digitize (v),
digitizer (n), digitally (adv);
syn. numeric
ant. analogue
10 Display (n) putting sth in a prominent plasma/panel/processor/case/screen
place for it to be readily seen; /unit/terminal ~;
the visual representation of a(n) eye-catching/clear/wide ~;
the output of an electronic give/perform/put on/go on ~;
device displayer (n), display (v);
syn. show
ant. conceal, hide
11 E- (prf) electronic, indicating the ~ book/zine/pub/commerce/library;
involvement of the Internet purchase/subscribe to a(n) ~
book/zine/publication
12 Fax (facsimile an output device capable of send/get/receive sth by ~ ;
machine) (n) fast and convenient ~ modem/software/card/mode/call;
transmission of photocopied fax (v): ~ a(n)
information through a document/file/agreement /memo
telephone line
13 Flash memory a type of non-volatile ~ card;
(n) memory which does not need compact ~;
a constant source of read/(re)format ~
electricity for it to retain the
stored data
14 Gadget (n) a specialized mechanical or use/invent/create/buy a ~; a ~ freak
electronic device, usually a(n) musical/electrical/modern ~;
small in size suffer from a ~ fatigue;
syn. gizmo
15 Gamepad (n) a handheld device used to ~ button/cord; USB ~;
control a computer game or a (dis)connect/play/operate/keep a ~
video game
16 Google Glass (n) a computer that is worn like a ~ application/frame/pad/rim/
eyeglasses, which has a tiny earpiece/lens/nose pad/end piece;
display within the field of protect/upgrade/polish/wear a ~
vision, responds to voice
commands and eye
movements, and has a
touchpad at the side
17 Input (n) information that is put into a have/need/get/receive/provide/
computer or a piece of process an ~; input (v): ~ data;
electronic equipment using ant. output
another machine or device
such as a keyboard or
microphone
18 Headset (n) a device that holds an a high performance/cordless/
15
earphone and a microphone wireless/radio/bluetooth ~;
in place on a person's head wear/upgrade/replace/take off/put
on the ~
19 Lens (n) a clear curved piece of glass magnetic/telescopic/cap/coloured/
or plastic that is used in tinted/contact/optical/spectacle/
eyeglasses, cameras, camera ~;
telescopes, etc., to make reduce/change/wear/replace/take
things look clearer, smaller, off the ~;lensed (adj)
or bigger syn. Glass
20 Monitor (n) a person who observes a colour/CCTV/video/computer/scree
process or activity to check n/high resolution ~; on a/the ~;
that it is carried out fairly or keep/protect/replace the ~;
correctly, especially in an monitor (v): ~ the
official capacity; an output performance/progress//procedure/
device that displays text and quality/situation;
graphics monitored (adj); monitoring (n),
monitorial (adj)
syn. screen, control
21 MP3 (n) a means of compressing a ~ file/player/format/ringtone/music;
sound sequence to enable its convert/download/transfer an ~ file
digital storage and
transmission
22 Netbook (n) a small, very light and ~ computer; high/low-end ~;
inexpensive laptop computer upgrade/replace/repair a ~
with limited memory used
primarily for accessing the
Internet
23 Output (n) the amount of sth produced increase/decrease/provide some ~;
by a person, machine, or a drop/fall/growth/rise in ~;
industry; produced, delivered, steady/low/aggregate/gross/
or supplied data overall/total ~; output (v): an ~
data/file/form/screen/device;
ant. input
24 Optical (adj) relating to sight, especially in ~ media/disk/zoom/scanner/storage/
relation to the action of light fibre/memory/cable/drive/array/
lens; optics (n), optically (adv),
optician (n)
25 Pixel (n) one of the individual dots that a ~ bit/graphic/count/information/
make up a graphical image data/resolution/value; binary ~;
pack/modify ~s; pixilation (n),
pixilate (v), pixelated (adj): a ~
image
26 Plotter (n) an automated drawing tool ~ font/display; drum/flatbed/
that produces finely scaled pen/chart /laser/ electrostatic/flat
drawings by moving a pen bed/colour ~;
and/or paper in response to upgrade/use/configure a ~
computer commands
27 Projector (n) a device used for displaying overhead/film/slide/video ~;
an image on a screen, as from switch off (on)/operate a ~
a transparent slide or film
28 PTOYED (slang) an airline, cinema or implement/break/follow the ~ rule
16
(Please Turn Off theater announcement to
Your Electronic make the passengers or
Devices) viewers turn off their
electronic devices and
gadgets
29 Resolution (n) density of pixels, measured high/screen/spatial/color ~;
by the number of dots per modify/adjust/configure ~
inch
30 Retina display a device that works without a ~ screen;
(n) screen by drawing pixels provide/include/adjust ~
directly on the user’s retina
with a focused beam of light
31 Sensor (n) a device that enables digital ~ data-fusion/unit/device;
machines to monitor the infrared/analog/image/
physical quantity of the electromagnetic ~;
analog world, such as sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);
temperature, humidity, or syn. detector
pressure, to provide data used
in robotics, environmental
climate control, and other
applications
32 Second-hand having had a previous owner; a ~ device/gadget/accessory/book/
(adj) not new clothing/goods/car/computer/
knowledge;
syn. pre-owned
33 Smart (adj) having or showing quick wit ~ watch/phone/board/house/TV/
and intelligence; (of a device) application/interface;
programmed so as to be smartness (n), smartly (adv);
capable of some independent syn. clever
action ant. dumb, stupid, imbecile
34 Speakers (n) the part of a radio, CD player, high-quality/durable ~;
etc. which the sound comes upgrade/(dis)connect/configure the
out of ~
35 Swap (v) (coll.) give sth to sb in ~ gadgets/accessories/designation/
exchange for sth else identity/deal/ideas;
syn. trade, exchange
36 Tablet (n) a small, flat computer that is ~ case/accessories/computer/PC/
controlled by touching the pen/phone; digitizer/graphic ~;
screen or by using a special upgrade/configure/furbish a ~;
pen Cf: I-pod, I-pad
37 Touch (v) come into or be in physical ~ pad/screen; multi ~;
contact with; manipulate sth (un)touchable (adj), touchy (adj)
by pressure and movement of
fingers on a screen
38 Upgrade (v) improve a computer or ~ (a) computer/gadget/skills/policy/
another machine by using the system /package/standard/security/
most recent developments so phone;
as to make it more powerful upgrade (n): software/price/network
or effective ~;
syn. improve
Cf. update
17
39 Wearable (adj) a computer or other electronic (a) ~ computer/device/clothes/
device that is small or light shades/gadget; wear (v),
enough to be worn or carried wearability (n);
on one’s body ant. unwearable
40 Webcam (n) a device used for video input a ~ leans/image/software; a
wireless ~;
install/upgrade/replace a ~;
webcamming (n)
1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available: http://www.techopedia.com/definition

[Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
2. Computer glossary, Techtarget dictionary and encyclopedia. [Online]. Available:
http://bnc.bl.uk/saraWeb.php?qy=best+practices&mysubmit=Go [Accessed: 24 Oct. 2015]
3. Online tech dictionary for IT professionals, IT Business Edge. [Online]. Available:
http://www.webopedia.com/ [Accessed: 22 Oct., 2015]
ACTIVITIES

1. upgrade
2. sensor
3. display
3. monitor
4. connect
5. swap
6. gadget
7. smart
1. conceal
2. wearable
3. input
4. clever
5. downgrade
6. assist
7. upgrade

optician, optics
digitized
wear
connectedly
monitor
assistance/ant
smart
18
1. Today, our lives are filled ___ all manner of gadgets, gizmos and convenience goods.
2. The company has no plans to move ___ the growing market of digital applications.
3. A new service enables you to purchase/reserve your tickets ___ Facsimile.
4. In the United States, there is a discernable preference ___ products with the technological
appeal of a ‘gadget’.
5. He was charged ___ murder.
6. Who is __ charge ___ the department?
7. I have not subscribed ___ this magazine.
Activity 5. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target
vocabulary units:
Target vocabulary unit Noun
digital
second-hand
tablet
speakers
1. upgrade A. a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in place on a

person's head
2. headset B. one of the individual dots that make up a graphical image
3. tablet C. improve computer or other machine by using the most recent
developments to make it more powerful or effective
19
4. resolution D. stored as numbers or electronic signals
5. digital E. a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by
using a special pen
6. pixel F. owned or used by someone else before you
7. second-hand G. density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch
Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:
Concepts Logical relationship

1. input – output A. general and specific
2. MP3 – compression B. cause and effect
3. label - barcode C. contrast
4. gadget overuse – gadget fatigue D. equivalence
5. smart - intelligent E. part and whole
6. computer – netbook F. method and purpose
7. alphabet – Braille system
Activity 8. Decode Steve Jobs’ saying about computer device and comment on it:
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp
Activity 9. Say what the following is used for. Give examples:

1. barcode
2. Braille
3. facsimile machine
4. flash memory
5. headset
6. MP3
7. Webcam
Activity 10. Say when and why the following is done:

1. digitization
2. faxing
3. flash memory
4. charging
5. swapping
6. optimization
7. upgrading
20
Activity 11. Say what can be… and how:
1. archived
2. backed up
3. compressed
4. formatted
5. recovered
6. retrieved
7. upgraded
below:
1. compact disk– blue ray

2. device – gadget
3. library – archive
4. restore – recover
5. overwrite – format
6. netbook – laptop
7. resolution – pixel
Differences Differences
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________
4. ______________ 4. ______________
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 13. Write a short report about the latest gadget, device or appliance.
Activity 14. Create a survey of students’ favorite devices/gadgets. Make a graph illustrating
the results.
Activity 15. Discuss: Today young people are very eager to get the latest models of different
gadgets. What do you think their reasons are? What are the dis/advantages of getting ahead
with the most up-to-date technology?
21
TEST
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “gadget – smartphone”:
1
a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) method and purpose d) part and whole
One of the individual dots that make up a graphical image is known as (a) ___ .
2
a) resolution b) retina display c) brightness d) pixel
A device used for displaying an image on a screen, as from a transparent slide or film
3
is known as a ___. a) hologram b) projector c) webcam d) monitor
A mechanism or piece of equipment designed to serve a purpose or perform a
4
function is known as a ___ . a) device b) transistor c) sensor d) tablet
All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:
5
a) speaker b) headset c) microphone d) Braille embosser
All of these gadgets have rear cameras EXCEPT FOR:
6
a) MP3, b) smartphone c) I-pad d) tablet
All of these collocate with the adjective “digital” EXCEPT FOR:
7
a) divide b) processor c) age d) certificate
All of these collocate with the adjective “optical” EXCEPT FOR:
8
a) cable b) media c) disk d) pixel
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “show – conceal”:
9
a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and purpose
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “webcam – input”:
10
a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and purpose
Cartographic data consist of ___ maps, that is, maps converted to numerical form.
11
a) digital b) digit c) digitized d) digitally
Once again, many thanks for your ____ in this matter.
12
a) assistant b) assistance c) assistive d) assist
13 One can wear all of these EXCEPT FOR: a) lens b) glasses c) a dress d) camera
A person who is obsessed with his electronic gadgets is called a gadget ____.
14
a) freak b) monitor c) gizmo d) fatigue
The part of a radio, CD player, etc. which the sound comes out of is known as a ___.
15
a) speaker b) headset c) lens d) video card
A ____ is a tool made of different components.
16
a) gadget b) device c) BYOD d) PTOYED
A ____ is a tool or an application that can enhance your experience on a computer or
17
mobile device.__
18 Mark the odd word: a) upgrade b) improve c) optimize d) promote
19 To get regular updates one has to subscribe ___ this publication. a) to b) for c) – d) in
My visually impaired junior assistant helped the group get started on the ____
20
alphabet. a) Braille b) Brailled c) Brailling d) Brailles
22
Module 3. TEXTING

1 Align (v) line up type and other ~ left/right/center; ~ sth with sth;
graphic elements using a left ~ a paragraph;
horizontal or vertical line as alignment (n), aligned (adj);
the reference point syn. justify
ant. non-alignment
2 Bold (adj) confident and courageous; printed in ~ type; bolding (n):
using dark, heavy strokes in preserve ~; debold (v), unbold
typing, especially for (v);
emphasis syn. conspicuous, distinct
3 Bullet (n) a heavy dot itemizing ~ point/symbol;
particular sections of text or bulleted (adj): a ~ list
introducing each item in a
list, for emphasis
4 Case (n) the parameter indicating the upper/lower ~; change ~;
letter size to distinguish ~-sensitive (adj);
capital letters as opposed to Cf: caps, caps lock
small letters
5 Clipboard (n) a software facility used for send/copy from (to) the ~; the
short-term data storage Windows ~; a ~ copy/toolbar/
and/or data transfer operation
between documents or
applications, via copy and
paste operations
6 Close (v) move so as to cover an ~ a folder/program/application/
opening; make a file file; (dis)closure (n), disclose (v);
inaccessible after use, so ant. open
that it is securely stored
until required again
7 Compile (v) collect information in order ~ data/database/a list/a report/a
to produce a list, a report, book/a program/statistics/a
etc. profile/a CV/a portfolio;
compiler (n), compilation (n);
syn. assemble, put together
8 Copy (v) reproduce data (stored in ~ a file/text/diagram; copy (n):
one location) in another a(n) soft/hard/free/enclosed/
location certified/master/backup ~; a
photocopy (n);
syn. duplicate
ant. original
9 Correct (v) free from error; put sth ~ a(n) mistake/error/fault;
right (an error or fault); correction (n): ~ fluid; (in)correct
bring sth in accordance (adj), (in)correctly (adv),
with fact or truth corrector (n)
10 Delete (v) remove data from a ~ a word/file/folder/phrase/
computer memory memory; a ~ key; deletion (n),
23
(un)deletable (adj);
syn. erase
ant. undelete
11 Edit (v) revise or correct some ~ a text/file/webpage/article/
written material to make it paper; editor (n), (un)edited (adj):
publishable ~ content/text; edition (n),
(un)editable (adj);
syn. correct, proofread
12 Enter (v) write or key (information) ~ transactions/data/information
in a book, computer, etc. into the computer/register; ~ key
(n); entry (n): data ~, make/post
an ~; entrance (n)
13 File (n) a folder or a box for save a ~ to a disc; delete/open/
holding loose papers select/share/upload/zip/download
together and in order; a ~; a fact~; ~ extension;
collection of related data file (v): ~ a document; filing
stored in a computer’s (adj): a ~ system; rank-and-file;
memory or on a storage syn. document
device under a single
identifying name
14 Folder (n) a file which consists solely save sth in/add sth to/open/delete/
of a set of other related files create a ~; a junk mail/new ~;
or documents (un)fold (v), (un)folded (adj);
syn. directory
15 Font (n) a complete set of characters choose/use/select a ~; a variety of
having a specific look, size ~s; the required ~;
and style syn. typeface
16 Format (n) a definite structure for the ~ a disc/data/a text;
processing, storage, or apply/copy/paste/delete a ~;
display of data binary/file/HTML/JPEG/A4 ~; ~
requirements; (re)format (v),
formatted (adj)
17 Forward (v) send on to a further ~ a letter/document/message to
destination sb; ~ slash; forwarded (adj): ~
to/from address; forwarding (adj):
a ~ address;
syn. redirect
18 Highlight (v) make sth visually ~ an issue; highlight (n): ~ of the
prominent, draw special season/year; highlighter (n);
attention to sth by changing highlighted (adj): ~ in green
colour
19 Image (n) a visible impression blurred/focused ~; ~-processing
obtained by a camera, techniques/algorithms; imagine
telescope, microscope, or (v), imagery, imagination (n),
other device, or displayed (un)imaginable (adj)
on a computer or video
screen
20 Import (v) transfer (data) into a file or ~ data/a file from (to) a disc;
document ant. export
21 Indent (v) start (a line of text) or ~ the first line; indentation (n),
position (a block of text) indented (adj): ~ two spaces
24
further from the margin from…
than the main part of the ant. unindented
text
22 Insert (v) include a symbol, image, ~ a word/letter/graphic/sound/
word, text in a piece of text; insertion (n);
writing syn. incorporate
23 Italic(s) (n) the sloping (inclined) kind ~ type/typeface; remove/preserve
of typeface used especially /be given in/restore ~s; de-
for emphasis or distinction italicize;
syn. cursive
24 Layout (n) the way in which text or a(n) physical/randomized/visual/
pictures are set out or interactive data/basic/
arranged on a page or in a (un)cluttered/inviting ~; do the ~
work
25 Margin (n) the blank border on each write/scribble sth in the ~; a
side of the print on a page wide/narrow ~; win by a
wide/narrow ~; within the ~ of
error; marginal (adj); marginally
(adv); marginalize (v)
26 Move (v) change the place, position ~ sth to …; remove (v), move (n):
of sth a career ~; unmovable (adj);
movement (n), immovable (adj);
syn. shift
27 Option (n) a thing that is or may be choose/change/select an ~;
chosen default/print ~; opt (v): ~ for sth;
optional (adj), optionally (adv)
syn. alternative, choice
28 Paste (v) insert a piece of text or ~ a word/paragraph/symbol into
other data copied from (from) a document/file/section;
elsewhere (the contents of copy/cut-~ operations;
the clipboard) at the cursor syn. glue
point
29 Pending (v) remaining undecided or ~ report/file/action/proceedings/
unsettled, waiting decision patent;
or settlement; while in the syn. awaiting decision, incomplete
process of, during
30 Proofread (v) read written or printed need/do ~ing; ~ for accuracy;
material, marking and
correcting any errors
31 Save (v) keep safe or rescue sb or sth ~ time/money/a file/a text/a folder; ~
from harm or danger; keep on to a server/disc/the hard
data by moving a copy to a drive/memory stick
storage location
32 Select (v) use a mouse or keystrokes ~ a word/text/passage/file/option;
to mark sth on a computer deselect (v), selective (adj),
screen for a particular selectively (adv), selection (n);
operation syn.choose
33 space (n) a blank between printed, double/single/back/blank ~; ~ bar;
typed, or written words, leave ~ for sth; spacing (n)
characters, numbers, etc.
34 Spreadsheet (n) an electronic document in fill in/leave sth blank in/create/
25
which data is arranged in enter sth in(to)/print
the rows and columns of a out/copy/paste/use/delete a ~;
grid and can be spreadsheeting (n)
manipulated and used in
calculations
35 Stroke (n) an act of hitting or striking at a ~; a ~ of luck, a key~
sb or sth (a key) or moving strike (v), striking
one’s hand across a surface
with gentle pressure
36 Textese (n) the language of use/master ~; ~
abbreviations and slang symbols/abbreviations
commonly used in digital
text messaging
37 Underscore (v) (on a computer or the ~ character/symbol;
typewriter keyboard) a syn. underline
short horizontal line on the
baseline ( _ )
38 Template (n) a preset format for a download/upload/copy/look for a
document or file, used so ~;
that it does not have to be syn. model, blueprint, sample
recreated each time it is
used
39 Type (v) write letters and symbols on ~ a text/word; retype (v); typeface
a typewriter or computer to (n); typo (n); typist (n)
input a text by pressing the Cf. word-processing
keys
40 View (v) look at or inspect; to have a come into/obstruct/hold the ~; a
particular attitude or sober/different ~; from sb’s point
opinion of ~; with a ~ to sth; on ~; viewer
(n), viewable (adj), viewpoint (n)
1. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
2. Flax collocations. University of Waikato. [Online]. Available:
http://flax.nzdl.org/greenstone3/flax?
c=590readings&a=g&rt=r&sa=FlaxCollocationRetrieve&s=FlaxCollocationBrowse&s1.quer
y=image [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
3. Texting slang, Your dictionary. [Online]. Available:
http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/slang/texting-slang.html [Accessed: 21 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. justify
2. alternative
3. cursive
4. conspicuous
5. delete
6. folder
26
7. paste
1. bold
2. select
3. movable
4. italicize
5. movable
6. correct
7. upper case

Align
deletion
immovably
option
Strike
marginal
un/imaginable
in/correctly
1. clipboard A. a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or introducing each

item in a list,
2. pending B. a software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data
transfer
3. template C. a definite structure for the processing, storage, or display of data
4. margin D. remaining undecided or unsettled, waiting decision or settlement
5. bullet E. a preset format for a document or file, used so that the format does
not have to be recreated each time it is used
6. forward F. the blank border on each side of the print on a page
7. format G. send on to a further destination
1. My notes are highlighted __ green.

2. I have saved the file __ a disc/___ a server.
3. Their party won the elections __ a wide margin.
4. The newly independent countries opted ___ the market economy.
5. You should proofread the translation ___ accuracy.
6. We met them half-way with a view ___ continued cooperation.
7. The truly market mechanisms are not yet ___ place.
27
Activity 6. Make up phrases by matching the words in the left column with those in the right:
1. correct A. left/right/center
2. enter B. data/database/a list/a report/a book/a program/statistics/a profile/a CV/a
portfolio
3. align C. a(n) mistake/error/fault
4. paste D. transactions/data/information into the computer
5. compile E. a word/paragraph/symbol into a document/file/section
6. pending F. a word/text/passage/file/option
7. select G. (a/n) report/file/action/proceedings/patent

1. write – scribble A. general and specific
2. template – model B. cause and effect
3. error – typo C. contrast
4. page – margin D. method and purpose
5. copy – original E. part and whole
6. folder – file
F. equivalence
7. emphasis – bold type
Activity 8. Explain the meaning and use of the prefixes “de-“, “im”, “un-“, “in-“, “re-“ and
give not less than 3 examples of each.
Activity 9. Decode the saying about texting by Sherry Turkle and comment on it:
Activity 9. Name things/operations you can do and how you can do them. Their number is
given in brackets):
1. to emphasize a word in a text – 3

2. to eliminate mistakes in a text - 3
3. while working with a text on a computer - 10
4. to make your text look better – 6
Activity 10. Say what the following is used for:
template
font
28
clipboard
folder
bullet
underscore
image
Activity 11. Do a mini-research and еxplain the difference between the following concepts
using the Venn diagram below:
proofread – edit
entry – entrance
type - typeface - font
strike – stroke
file-folder
layout – format - template
italic-italics
Similarities
Activity 12. Name the texting operations most problematic for you. Explain why.
1. ________________ 1. ________________
2. ________________ 1. ________ 2. ________________
Activity 13. Think of new texting operations that need to be introduced and explain their
2. ________
purpose3. ________________ 3. ________
3. ________________
4. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
Activity 14. Semantic mapping: draw a flow chart reflecting the process of texting.
Activity 15. Write an essay on how word-processing has changed our life.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “emphasis – bold type”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and
whole
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “write-scribble”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and
whole
3 Which of these is the most specific: a) error b) mistake c) typo d) blunder
4 A preset format for a document or file, used so that the format does not have to
be recreated each time it is used is known as ___ .
a) model b) template d) format d) module
5 Many buyers tend to opt ___ a more practical design.
a) on b) for c) at d) out
6 A software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer between
documents or applications, via copy and paste operations is called a/n ___.
a) clipboard b) clip c) board d) clip board
7 Please save the file ___ a disc. a) on b) in c) to d) from
8 A particular design of type in printing is known as ___.
29
a) type b) typeface c) face d) typo
9 The language of abbreviations and slang commonly used in digital text
messaging is called ____. a) officialese b) textese c) journalese d) Vietnamese
10 Mark the odd word: a) correct b) edit c) proofread d) read
11 All of these are used for emphasis EXCEPT FOR:
a) align b) bold c) italics d) highlight
12 All of these are format types EXCEPT FOR: a) binary b) font c) HTML d) A4
13 Mark the odd word: a) cursive b) italics c) bold d) highlight
14 When a large number of copies of the same document or form are required, they
can be duplicated or photocopied from a ___ copy.
a) backup b) master c) duplicate d) photo
15 Small typefaces make the text ___ and difficult to read.
a) blurred b) focused c) indented d) distinct
16 Before submitting your paper, ___ and correct it if necessary.
a) read b) reread c) proofread d) check
17 ____ “Esc” to make the message line disappear.
a) Entry b) Enter c) Entrance d) Entree
18 The computer is also programmed automatically to store the actual date of data
___, without displaying this information. a) entry b) enter c) entrance d) entree
19 The Conservatives won the elections in October ___ a very narrow margin.
a) with b) by c) on d) in
20 Caps Lock will only type letters in the ___ case.
a) lower b) upper c) higher d) low
30
Module 4. HARDWARE

1 Battery (n) a hardware component ~ case/life/level/capacity/pack;
that supplies power to a portable/external ~ pack; be powered
device, enabling that by/run on/use/put/work on ~;
device to work without a syn. power unit, power supply
power cord
2 Board (n) a piece of fiberglass or memory/mother/system/circuit ~;
other material upon replace/dust/upgrade the ~;
which an array of boardable (adj), board-like (adj), board
computer chips is (v)
mounted
3 Break (v) stop working, through ~ time/point; make/have/give/take a~;
wear or damage breakage (n), (un/non)breakable (adj);
breakably (adv);
syn. downtime
ant. uptime
4 Card (n) a piece of thick, stiff ~ cage/reader;
paper or thin pasteboard, binary/SD/punched/graphic/
used for writing or sound/video ~; install/upgrade/pay
printing on; a circuit by/put sth on/use a ~;
board that can be carder (n)
inserted in a computer to
add extra facilities or
memory
5 Chip (n) a small piece of silicon ~ set/density/card/socket; memory ~;
or other semi-conductive install/upgrade/replace a ~; chipper
material on which (n), chipping (n), chipped (adj),
circuits can be placed (un)chippable (adj)
6 Bluetooth (n) a standard for a short- ~ connection/speaker/headphones/
range wireless headsets/adapter;
interconnection of transfer/connect/send via ~
mobile phones,
computers and other
electronic devices
7 Convert (v) change into sth of a ~ (a/n) number/audio/format/graphics/
different form or
video/data/document/input;
property converter (n) ~ cable/box/software,
AD ~; convertible (adj): ~
data/file/image/audio/video;
syn. transform
8 Computer (n) an electronic device ~ animation/architecture/fraud/
designed for performing graphics/games; run/use/switch
operations on data at a on/off/log onto/off/boot up/start
high speed up/shut down/reboot/restart a ~;
super/mini/mainframe/micro-
~computerized (adj):
~ system/information/facility/tool/
31
database/ journal/record
9 CPU (Central the part of a computer in the ~ cooler/fan/slot/technology/

processing unit) which operations are system; upgrade/(un)install the ~
(n) controlled and executed
10 Configuration (n) an arrangement of parts ~ standard/panel/processor/chip;
or elements in a configure (v): ~ a
particular form, figure, or system/hardware/software;
combination; the configurational (adj), configurative
particular choice and (adj), configurationally (adv)
interconnection of
hardware items that
make up a particular
computer system
11 Component (n) a part or element of a architecture/basic/important/major/
larger whole, especially a essential/principal/engine/electronic/
part of a machine or failure/key/software/system ~;
vehicle, software or subcomponent (n), componential (adj);
hardware syn. element part, piece, bit,
constituent, ingredient
12 Crash (n) (of shares, a business, market/public/financial ~;
etc.) a sudden drop in major/serious/system ~; cause a ~;
value or failure; the crasher (n);
sudden and complete syn. break down
failure of a disk drive
13 Cycle (n) a single set of hardware ~ stealing/time/path; machine ~;
operations, especially go through/complete/repeat ~;
that by which memory is (re)cycle (v), cyclic (adj)
accessed and an item is
transferred to or from it,
to the point at which the
memory may be accessed
again
14 Decoder (n) a device capable of ~ chip/circuit/box/apparatus/board;
converting audio or audio/video/satellite/binary ~;
video signals into a decode (v): ~ a message/signal/
different form, for command/ language/symbol/text
example from digital to ant. encode(r)
analogue
15 Downtime (n) the period of time when minimize/schedule/eliminate/reduce ~;
sth is not in operation, syn. dead time
especially as a result of a ant. Uptime
malfunction
16 Drive (n) an electromechanical
CD-ROM/disk/DVD/SSD/HDD/
device that reads fromfloppy/hard/zip/optical/magnetic/
and writes to disks hybrid ~; driver (n), (non)drivable
(adj), drive (v); driving (adj): a ~ force
17 Expand (v) become or make larger ~ from/to; aim/be eager/be
or more extensive keen/plan/seek/want/ continue to ~;
expandability (n),expandable (adj),
expansion (n): ~ slot;
32
syn. extend, enlarge
ant. shrink
18 Fault (n) a defect in a hardware detection/diagnosis/tree analysis ~;

device or component have/diagnose/overlook/discover/find/
identify/locate a ~;faulty (adj): ~
wire/picture/perception/content/brake/
program/device
syn. defect, flaw, imperfection
19 Joystick (n) a manual control or ~ port/button; analog ~;
cursor device, as one (dis)connect/upgrade/replace a ~
attached to a computer or
a video game
20 Key (n) a manually activated ~board/pad/stroke;
mechanism on a alt/arrow/backspace/control/
keyboard, used for delete/escape/function/ return/shift ~;
entering a character or hit/hold down/press/touch a(the) ~;
command into a keyed (v), keying (v)
computer system; a field
in a record which is used
to identify that record
uniquely
21 Laser (n) a device that emits light ~ head/lens/disk/printer/beam/
through a process of treatment/gun/light;
optical amplification a powerful ~;
based on the stimulated create/provide/develop/use a ~
emission of
electromagnetic radiation
22 Maintain (v) cause or enable (a ~ (a) process/stability/balance/
condition or situation) to standard; be difficult/easy to ~;
continue; correct or maintenance (n):
prevent faults in preventative/regular/need/proper ~;
hardware ~ costs; maintainable (adj)
23 Memory (n) the faculty by which the have ~ for sth; (non)volatile/poor/bad/
mind stores and excellent/visual/dynamic/static/
remembers information; cache/computer/short-term/long-
the part of a computer in term/random-access ~; be stored in ~;
which data or program evoke/revive/bring back/impair/
instructions can be stored enhance the ~ of sth; commit to/recite
for retrieval from ~; come with 512Mb ~; if my ~
serves me right; memorable (adj),
memorial (n); immemorial (adj): from
time ~;
syn. recall, retention
Cf. RAM, ROM
24 Modem (n) a piece of equipment that connect via (a/the) ~; an
(modulator + is used to send external/internal/dial-up ~;
demodulator) information from a use/provide a ~
computer through a
telephone line, cable or
other link
33
25 Monitor (n) a device used for colour/CCTV/computer ~; display sth
observing, checking, or on a/the ~;
keeping a continuous monitor (v): ~ a process/compliance
record of sth; a screen with sth; monitoring (n)
which displays an image
generated by a computer
26 Mouse (n) a cursor control device click/double click/move/use a(the) ~;
consisting of a hand-held ~ button/click/cursor/pointer/pad;
control box used as a
locator
27 Operate (v) function in a proper or a ~ a computer/procedure/system/
particular way device; be able to ~; operation (n):
computer/logic/machine ~ ; ~ table/
register/code; operational (adj),
operationally (adv), operator (n);
syn. run
28 Periphery (n) the outer limits or edge peripheral (adj): ~ device/processor/
of an area or object vision/system/feature/card/detail/
expansion; peripherality (n);
peripheralize (v); peripherally (adv);
syn. outer edge, margin
ant. center
29 Platform (n) a raised level surface on microcomputer/mobile computing ~;
which people or things mount/appear/stand on ~;
can stand; a group of platformer (n);
computers that are syn. stage
compatible with each
other and can run the
same software
30 Port (n) a connection in a serial/parallel/USB/firewire/
computer to which an thunderbolt/ethernet power ~; portable
outside (peripheral) (adj): a ~ television/device/computer/
device can be attached cassette/player
31 Printer (n) an output device for a(the) ~ cable/port/ribbon/driver/icon;
printing text or images, photo/laser/inkjet/impact/multifunctio
especially the one linked n ~; control/drive/connect a(the) ~;
to a computer (re)print (v): ~ a document/photo
/certificate/publication; printout (n)
32 Process (v) an instance of a program ~ information/code/data/oil;
being executed in a accelerate/launch a ~;
multitasking operating processor (n):
system, typically running data/audio/graphics/word/multicore ~;
in an environment that processable (adj), process (n): the
protects it from other update/boot ~;
processes syn. operate on, procedure
33 Remove (v) move sth from where it ~ a(n) scratch/virus/program/
is; lift, push, transfer, or application/disc;
carry away, or from one removable (adj): a ~ disk;
place to another removability (n);
syn. displace
34 Repair (v) restore sth to a good ~ hardware/damage/gadget/device;
34
condition after damage be in need of/need/require/undergo ~;
repairer (n); non/repairable (adj);
irreparable (adj): ~ damage/loss;
syn. fix; ant. damage
35 Repeat (v) do sth again or more than ~ a(n) command/syntax/entry;
once repetition (n), repetitive (adj), repeater
(n), repeatable (adj), repeatability (n);
Cf. redo
36 Rotate (v) move or cause to move allow sth to ~; ~ in a(n)
in a circle round an axis anti-/clockwise direction; rotation (n),
or a centre rotative (adj): ~ engine/motion;
rotating (v), rotatory (adj)
37 Scan (v) look quickly but not very ~ a(n) picture/document/pattern/page/
thoroughly through (a error; ~ sth into a computer;
document or other text) have/give sb/take a ~;
in order to identify scannable (adj), scanner (n):
relevant information; film/fingerprint ~
convert into digital form
for storage or processing
on a computer
38 Sector (n) an area or portion that is ~ configuration; divide sth into ~s;
distinct from others; a major/public/private/informal/
subdivision of a track on formal/administration/rural/urban ~;
a magnetic disk sectoral (adj)
syn. area, locality
39 Server (n) a computer that provides ~ program/software/page;
services to another computer/file/web/client/disk ~;
computer manage/control/protect/maintain/keep
(on)/provide a ~
40 Unit (n) a device that has a a control/execution/functional/logic/
specified function, processing ~;
especially one forming break sth down into/divide sth into ~s;
part of a complex (un)install/(dis)assemble a ~
mechanism; a single
manufactured item
1. Oxford Reference. Oxford Unversity Press. [Online]. Available:

http://www.oxfordreference.com . [Accessed: 16 Sept. 2015]
2. Oxford Dictionaries. Language matters. Oxford Unversity Press. [Online]. Available:
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com. [Accessed: 20 Sept. 2015.
3. Computer dictionary. Computer Hope. [Online]. Available:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/jd.htm [Accessed 20 Sept. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. break
2. remove
3. decoder
35
4. repair
5. convert
6. maintain
7. battery
1. keep
2. damage
3. periphery
4. master
5. operate
6. uptime
7. transform

irreparably
operate
mouse
breakably
processable
configure
expandable
1. Insert the disk ___ drive A.

2. The information was held ___ computer for regular operations.
4. The periphery ___ the network has remained questionable.
5. The printers are compatible ___ HP LaserJet printers, using the same HP Printer Command
Language.
6. The decoder converts the sequence of beeps back ___ a code which identifies the caller.
7. Scanner or digitizer can be imported ___ DesignaKnit and converted to stitch patterns.
vocabulary units:
a joystick

a laser
36
operate a
process
1. expand A. a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra

facilities or memory
2. repair B. become or make larger or more extensive
3. card C. a computer that provides services to another computer
4. server D. restore sth to a good condition after damage
5. fault E. a defect in a hardware device or component
6. sector F. the controlling unit in a pair of linked machines
7. master G. an area or portion that is distinct from others
Example Type of logical relations

1. maintain – destroy A. general and specific
2. printer – output B. cause and effect
3. CPU – motherboard C. contrast
4. computer - minicomputer D. method and purpose
5. gadget - joystick E. part and whole
6. operate – run
F. equivalence
7. overuse – crash
1. diagnose A. a computer
2. upgrade B. a cycle
3. restart C. some fault
4. complete D. a certificate
5. print E. the board
6. configure F. the message
7. decode G. a system
37
Activity 9. Decode Ken Olsen’s saying about hardware system and comment on it:
1. converted
2. expanded
3. processed
4. repaired
5. scanned
6. repeated
7. maintained
1. card
2. chip
3. Bluetooth
4. CPU
5. joystick
6. modem
7. port
1. breakdown
2. conversion
3. downtime
4. cycle
5. maintenance
6. operation
7. configuration
below:
1. CPU – motherboard
2. card – flash drive
3. Bluetooth – Wifi
38
4. convert – configure
5. fault – crash
6. gamepad – joystick
7. modem – router
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________
4. ______________ 4. ______________
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 14. Write a paragraph commenting on the statement in Activity 9 above.
Activity 15. Brainstorm the current issues of e-waste nowadays. What makes it hazardous?
And what are the possible solutions?
TEST
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “fix - damage”:

1
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) contrast
What is the logical relationship between “output device” and “printer”:
2
a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole d) equivalence
What is the logical relationship between “CPU” and “mother board”:
3
The information was held ___ computer for regular operations.
4
a) into b) in c) on d) to
A piece of fiberglass or other material upon which an array of computer chips is
5
mounted is known as a ___ . a) mother board b) chip c) card d) sector
A device that has a specified function, especially one forming part of a complex
6
mechanism is known as a ___ . a) monitor b) mouse c) unit d) printer
All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:
7
a) video card b) projector c) sound card d) webcam
8 Mark the odd word: a) break-up b) break off c) breakdown d) break in
All of these collocate with the word “process” EXCEPT FOR:
9
a) information b) password c) data d) management
10 Mark the odd word: a) boardable b) boarding c) board d) board-like
Volatile memory, contrary to ____-volatile memory requires power to maintain the
11
stored information. a) non-b) un c) im d) in
39
All of these are synonymous to the word “maintain” EXCEPT FOR:
12
a) conserve b) regain c) sustain d) preserve
All of these can follow the noun “printer” EXCEPT FOR:
13
a) cable b) port c) ribbon d) board
The decoder at the other end converts the sequence of beeps back ___ a code which
14
identifies the caller. a) to b) in c) on d) into
The manufacturing ___ is relatively simple
15
a) procedures b) proceeding c) process d) proceedings
Mark the odd word:
16
a) rotary b) rotative c) rotatory d) rotation
The broken machine needs ____.
17
a) fix b) damage c) repair d) impair
That accident involved a truck with ____ brakes.
18
a) fault b) faultless c) faulty d) faultness
The company claims to have reduced machine ___.
19
a) downtime b) time c) uptime d) time out
The part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed is known as
20
(a)___. a) Bluetooth b) Wi-Fi c) CPU d) server
40
Module 5. SOFTWARE

1 Add (v) join or put sth in(to) sth ~ a(n) function/program/text/image;
else so as to increase the ~ on program/weight;
size, number, or amount addition (n): in ~ to; additive (n);
added (adj); additional (adj);
syn. augment
ant. subtract, deduct
2 Application (n) a formal request to an documentation/graphics/presentation /
authority; a set of one or spreadsheet and statistical/data
more programs designed management/file management/
to carry out operations information and reference software/
for a specific purpose education and
which are unable to run training/entertainment /accounting
on its own and and finance/business ̴ ;
dependent on the system ~ of force; develop/set up/uninstall
software to execute /update an ~; apply (v): ~ for a
job/post/position; applied (adj): ~
science/mathematics; (non)applicable
(adj); applicational (adj)
3 BIOS the program code and ~ setup;
(Basic data stored in the embedded/flash ~;
Input/Output permanent memory and display the ~ information
System) (n) used for booting process
4 Boot (v) kick sth hard in a ~ accelerator/application/band/a
specified direction; turn computer/code/disc/drive/menu/sector/
on a computer and get virus; booting (n): ~
into the operating system drive/environment /procedure/
process/sequence/stage;
bootable (adj): a ~ CD/drive/diskette;
reboot (v);
syn. reset, (re)start
5 Catalogue (n) an itemized list of titles, ~ code/of samples/name; enter
course offerings, or in/make a ~ of; catalogue (v): ~
articles for exhibition or business/buyers/by authors;
sale, including cataloguing (n): ~ problem; catalogued
descriptive information (adj), cataloguer (n);
or illustrations; a syn. archive, directory
publication containing
such a list
6 Cluster (n) a group of similar things cluster (adj): ~ address/administrator/
or people positioned or administration/allocation/acceleration/
occurring closely bomb; form/organize ~(s);
together; a group of clustered (adj): ~
connected computers; the access/database/index;
smallest managed section syn. file allocation unit, array, bunch
of a hard drive that holds
a file
7 Compatible (adj) able to exist or occur backward/downward~;
41
together without ~ application/browser/circuit/blood;
problems or conflict; able syn. adaptable, appropriate, consistent;
to match previous (in)compatibility (n);
versions of software, ant. incompatible,
operating systems or
hardware devices
8 Context (n) the circumstances that consider/examine/look at/see/
form the setting for an understand/view sth in the ~ of;
event, statement, or idea, general/larger/overall/wider/
in terms of which it can educational/regional/historical/cultural
be fully understood ~; recognize/define/describe the ~;
contextual (adj): ~
analysis/declaration;
context (adj): ~ switch/menu/area/
analysis/activation;
syn. background
ant. foreground
9 Desktop (adj) (of office appliances, ~ publishing/computer/apparatus/
such as photocopiers and computer/access/application/analysis/
printers) which can be environment/accessories/
fitted on top of a desk configuration;
ant. portable/wearable (computer)
10 Design (v) decide upon the look and ~ a book/building/curriculum;
functioning of (a redesign (v); design (n): ~ approval/
building, garment, or arrangement/automation; designer (n):
other object), by making ~ fashion/clothes /label/aids;
its detailed drawing syn. architecture, layout
11 Driver (n) a person who drives a a device/hardware/software/upgrade
vehicle; a program that /test ~; (un)install/update a ~;
controls the operation of drive (v): ~ a car/vehicle/at sth; ~
a device such as a printer innovation; driverless (adj); driving
or a scanner (adj, n): the main/principal ~ force
of/behind sth; ~ license, reckless ~
12 Embed (v) fix (an object) firmly and ~ a(n) channel/file/chip/structure/
deeply in a surrounding function/ system/operation/
mass; incorporate sth (a technology/software in(to) sth;
text, a code, a picture) embedding (n), embeddable (adj),
within the body of a file embedded (adj): ~ OS;
or document syn. enclose, insert
13 Emulate (v) match or surpass (a ~ a sound/action/design/environment/

person or achievement), one’s father/sb’s hairstyle/sb’s
typically by imitation; success; emulation (n), emulator (n),
reproduce the function or emulative (adj);
action of a different syn. imitate, copy, follow sb’s suit
computer, software
system, etc.
14 Encapsulate (v) enclose sth in or as if in a ~ a layer/information/program/code;
capsule; provide an encapsulation (n);
interface for a piece of encapsulated (adj)
software or hardware to
allow or simplify access
42
for the user
15 Function (n) an activity that is natural built-in/system/value/virtual/
to or the purpose of annual/social ~; fulfill/perform/attend
sb/sth; a basic task of a a ~; ~ procedure/editor/reference/
computer, especially one template; function (v): ~ as a robot/
that corresponds to a normally; (non/dis)functional (adj);
single instruction from functionally (adv); functionality (n);
the user syn. feature, action, activity, operation
16 Icon (n) sb or sth regarded as a pop/rock/fashion ~; ~ bar/control/

representative symbol or editor/-based/-driven;
as worthy of veneration; program/document ~; create/change an
a symbol or graphic ~; iconic (adj): ~
representation on a structure/path/interface /model;
screen of a program, iconize (v); iconify (v); iconics (n);
option, or window syn. figure, picture, symbol
17 Implement (v) put a decision, plan, ~ a(n) scenario/action/plan/
agreement, etc. into agreement; implementation (n):
effect program ~; ~ chart/file/defect/error/
pattern; implement (n): garden ~ (s);
implementer(or) (n); implementable
(adj); implementability (n);
syn. achieve, carry out, complete
18 Install (v) place or fix equipment or ~ (a) software/driver/process; installer
machinery in position (n); installing (n); installed (adj): ~
ready for use; copy all of equipment/capacity/base;
the necessary files to run installation (n): ~ aids/company/cost/
a software program on a directions/instruction/manual/process/
computer program/tool/wizard; installability (n);
installable (adj): ~ device/driver/
RAM;
syn. put in place
ant. uninstall
19 Interface (n) a point where two system/program/graphical/object/user/
systems, subjects, functional ~; ~ adapter/agent/area/
organizations, etc. meet card /channel/connection/
and interact; a device or element/design/functionality/kit/
program enabling a user protocol; interface (v): ~ with another
to communicate with a system or person, interfaced (adj);
computer interfacial (adj): ~ connection/failure/
joint/ resistance/tension; interfacing
(n): ~ capability/circuit/
protocol/software;
syn. interact with, connect with;
Cf. GUI (Graphical User Interface)
WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus,
Pointer)
20 Iteration (n) repetition of a process or ~ cycle/algorithm/function/factor/
utterance; repetition of a index/loop/mode; iterative (adj): ~
function or process in a algorithm/analysis/approach/code/
computer program; a new calculation/circuit/formula/function/
version of a piece of filter/method/network/procedure/
43
computer hardware or technique;
software iterate (v): ~ a(n) operation/function/
process; iterating (adj); iterated (adj):
~ code/form/graph/operator;
syn. repetition, review
21 Kernel (n) the central or most ~ debugger/call/function/mode/driver;
important part of sth; the ~ of security/action/integral;
most basic level or core program/real-time/separable/expanded
of an operating system, /security ~; address/define a ~,
responsible for resource syn. center, core
allocation, file ant. periphery
management, and
security
22 Launch (v) set (a newly built ship or ~ a campaign/program/vessel/
boat) afloat for the first warship /rocket/spaceship;
time with an official launch (n): ~ angle/power/team/
ceremony; send (a window; launcher (n): waveguide ~;
missile, satellite, or launching (n): ~ pad/basin/ fiber/rail/
spacecraft) on its course; site/tower; launchpad (n); launchway
start or set in motion (an (n): ~ operation;
activity or program) syn. start, commence, open
ant. close, end, finish
23 License (n) an agreement that allows obtain/revoke a ~;
sb or sth to use a service grant a ~ to sb;
or perform an action as ~ agreement/fee/key/contract/holder;
long as they agree to the ~ -free; shrink-wrap/group/
terms provided therein corporate ~; licensed (adj): ~
software/product/ dealer/party;
licensee (n); licenser(or) (n); licensing
(adj): ~ procedure/scheme, service;
syn. certificate, warrant, permit
24 Menu (n) the food available or to icon-driven/quick access/drop-
be served in a restaurant down/context/pull-down/pop-
or at a meal; a list from up/application/feature/cascading ~;
which to choose; a list of ~ box/button/access/choice/driven/
commands or facilities entry/key/-driven/-guided/type/bar;
displayed on screen click on/choose from/change the ~
25 Operating system the software that supports ~ failure/design/kernel/management;
(OS) (n) a computer's basic server/user/home edition/virtual/
functions, such as multiuser/multitasking/
scheduling tasks, multiprocessing/mobile ~;
executing applications, (un)install/update/change/reconfigure/
and controlling be compatible with an ~
peripherals
26 Package (n) an object or group of ~ advertising/contract/deal/file/
objects wrapped in paper holiday/module/offer/paper/tour; ~ of
or packed in a box; subcontract works; build/create a ~;
software that is bunched packaged (adj): ~ software/system/
together to make a unit; packager (n); packaging (n):
complete set ~ density/film/machine/process/robot;
syn. kit, parcel, container, box
27 Pointer (n) a long, thin piece of ~ device/instrument/operation/
44
metal on a scale or dial token/tool/-driven/-linked;
which moves to indicate screen/control/base/vertical/ address ~;
a figure or position; a point (n): boiling/freezing/hot ~; bring
movable indicator on a up/raise/concede/yield/cover /discuss/
computer screen emphasize/stress/underscore a ~;
identifying the point that speak to the ~; at a ~; on this ~; point
will be affected by input (v): ~ out problems/errors;
from the user pointless (adj): ~ argument;
syn. cursor, arrow, issue
28 Recover (v) return to a normal state ~ command/function/from an error;
of health, mind, or recovery (n): system ~, ~ bug/control/
strength; stabilize or take data/factor/node/period/process/rate/
a computer or electronic work/time; recoverer (n): program ~;
device back to a point recovered (adj): ~ file/heat/oil/signal;
when it was stable; recovering (n): ~ time/probability;
restore a deleted file (ir)recoverable (adj): ~ error/failure/
reserves; recoverability (n);
syn. reclaim, regain, restore
29 Release (v) allow or enable to escape ~ a film/disc/book/button/prisoner;
from confinement; set release (n): ~ date/key/node, ~ of
free; make (a film, pressure/information/fluid;
recording, or other released (adj): ~
product) available to the capacity/state/version; releaser (n);
public syn. (set) free, let go, issue
30 Script (n) handwriting as distinct ~ file/language/font;
from print; an automated command/machine/writer ~;
series of instructions (re)write/create/compose/delete/edit a
carried out in a specific ~; scripting (n): ~ engine/
order; a small non- programming language; inscription
compiled program (n), inscribe (v)
written for a scripting
language or the
command interpreter
31 Software (n) the programs and other trial/open source/bundled/commercial/
operating information edutainment/public domain/
used by a computer encryption/licensed ~;
(un)install/configure/release/maintain/
design/debug/distribute/implement/
manage/control/test ~; ~ bug/cache/
command/component/configuration
/debugging/design/distribution/
engineering/failure/implementation/
life-cycle/management/
piracy/portability/publisher/
utility/theft; ~-based controller/design;
syn. program;
ant. hardware
32 Specification (n) an act of identifying sth ~ change/deficiency/error/limit/
precisely or of stating a requirements/review/statement/writer;
precise requirement; ~ of contract/cargo/tolerances;
description of an specify (v): ~ the(a) needs/conditions/
invention accompanying offer/diagnosis/extension; specificity
45
an application for a (n): ~ of test/construction; specified
patent (adj): ~ behavior/criteria/constraints/
conditions/load/number/quality/
temperature/time;
syn. stipulation
ant. generalization
33 System (n) a complex whole; a set of ~ analyst/area/approach/architecture/
things working together board/bus/code/console/control/crash/
as parts of a mechanism debugging/design/disc/element/failure/
or an interconnecting library/memory/menu/registry;
network; a group of (re)set/start/boot/(un)install/update/
related programs or change/reconfigure a ~; application/
hardware units or both, computer/back-up/binary/ control/
especially when error-correcting/detecting/
dedicated to a single information ~;
application access a ~; ~ requirements/engineer/
design/interface;
syn. organization, scheme, structure
ant. disorganization, chaos
34 Task (n) a piece of work to be active/current ~; perform/set/
done or undertaken; an fulfill/complete/carry out/
activity or a piece of cancel/abandon/undertake/
work which CPU has to assign/entrust sb with a ~;
perform, usually as part ~-based approach/allocation/
of a larger project activation/assignment/group/list/
plan/queue; ~ scheduler/priority/
queue/register/table/bar; tasking (n);
syn. assignment, undertaking
Cf. multitasking
35 Update (v) make sth more modern or ~ a status/software/file;
up-to-date; download a update (n): news/automatic/
software file that manual/timely ~, ~ rate/time;
contains refreshed updated (adj): ~ program/antivirus/file
information and various /database/information/version/sample;
fixes updater (n): table ~; updating (n):
batch/file/memo/screen ~;
syn. amend, modernize, renovate
ant.: outdated, out-of-date
36 Utility (n) the state of being useful, public/debugging/disk compression/
profitable, or beneficial; maintenance/setup ~; ~ allocation/
system software designed area/core/computing/device/
to help analyze, equipment/function/kernel;
configure, optimize or (un)install/update/change a ~;
maintain a computer public ~ies; utilize (v): ~
fully/partially; utilizable (adj): ~
waste; utilization (n): ~ coefficient/
factor/level/parameter/property/rate;
utilized (adj); utilizer (n);
syn. service
Cf. recycle
37 Version (n) a particular form of sth demo/beta/active/trial/professional/
differing in certain crippled/licensed ~; ~ control/
46
respects from an earlier management/tracking;
form or other forms of release/copy a ~; versioning (n);
the same type of thing; a syn. form, variant
particular release of a
piece of computer
software
38 Widget (n) an application, or a ~ library/set; un(install)/update/change
component of an /reconfigure a ~;
interface that enables a syn. gizmo, apparatus, appliance,
user to perform a device
function or access a
service; an
additional feature or
extension to a software
program, OS GUI, or
a web page, which
enables additional
features
39 -ware (n) manufactured articles of share/demo/ad/group/spy/cripple/crap/
a specified type; type of mal/free/stone/table/kitchen/metal ~;
software syn. commodity
40 Window (n) an opening in the wall or ~ control/frame/menu/space/width; ~-
roof of a building or based OS; ~ of vulnerability;
vehicle, to admit light or acceptance/ contact/display/help/
air; a framed area on a hidden/graphics/ pop-up/welcome/
display screen for active/alert/application ~; overlapping
viewing information ~s; bring up a ~; extend beyond the
edge of the ~; windowed (adj): ~
address/registers; windowing (n): ~
environment/software/system;
windowless (adj): ~ photo-
multiplication
1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition © 2010 by Oxford University Press Inc.
2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition © Oxford University Press 2010
3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию: 8-е изд.,
испр. и доп. - ABBYY. - Масловский Е.К., 2008
4. Англо-русский толковый словарь по вычислительной технике, Интернету и
программированию (8 изд., испр. и доп.). - Э. М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий, 2011.
5. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. - «РУССО». - Александров А.В. –
2011.
ACTIVITIES
1. boot
2. catalogue
3. design
4. embed
47
5. emulate
6. function
7. icon
8. implement
1. add
2. context
3. function
4. kernel
5. launch
6. recover
7. release
8. system

application
Installable
iteratively
pointer
update
Implemented
Activity 4. Insert prepositions
1. To work correctly, application softaware should be compatible ___ the operating system.
2. The main driving force ____ technological progress is people’s laziness.
3. Microsoft company granted a licensed software ____ the programmer who found a bug in
the newly released Windows software.
4. In every Microsoft Office application software there is a function to embed an image ___
the document.
5. Click ______the drop-down menu to see all the options.
6. Embedded into Word software spellchecker will easily point _____errors in the
document.
7. Speak _to___ the point, beacause we are pressed for time.
vocabulary units:

a cluster
48
desktop
Adjective Target vocabulary unit
interface
software
utility
specification

version
49
1. shareware A. adjunct software that displays advertising while the program it is attached
to is running
2. software B. software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different
users
3. freeware C. software that self-installs on computers and tracks the user's Internet use,
mainly for marketing purposes
4. adware D. software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally
for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use
5. groupware E. software specifically designed to disrupt or damage a computer system
6. spyware F. the programs and other operating information used by a computer
7. malware G. software that is available without any payment

1. context – foreground A. general and specific
2. icon - interface B. contrast
3. application – graphics software C. equivalence
4. implement – fail D. part and whole
5. update – security E. method and purpose
6. incompatibility – software failure F. cause and effect
7. Interface – GUI
Activity 8. Decode a saying about software and comment on it:
Activity 9. Give examples of the following software types; add other types of -ware that you
know:
1. shareware
2. software
3. freeware
4. adware
50
5. groupware
6. spyware
7. malware
below:
GNU - closed source software

application software - utility
BIOS – OS
shareware - freeware
input - output
Similarities
1. ________________ 1. ________________
2. ________________ 1. ________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 2. ________ 3. ________________
4. ________________ 3. ________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
Activity 11. Describe a typical program interface, its components and characteristics.
Activity 12. Name some reasons why software should be updated. Illustrate these reasons with
examples from your own experience.
Activity 13. Arrange the software layers below in a descending order from top to bottom;
comment on the functionality of each software layer:
Operating system
Application software
BIOS
Drivers
Kernel
Utility
Activity 14. Say what types of application software given below you have installed in your
computer or smart phone:
1. documentation software
2. graphics software
3. presentation software
4. file management software
51
5. education and training software
6. entertainment software
7. accounting and finance software
Activity 15. Write a paragraph on software compatibility by covering such aspects as:
definition, importance, types and examples.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “implement - fail”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “application software – graphics
software”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole
3 Software that is bunched together to make a complete set is known as___.
a) groupware b) package d) adware d) utility
4 Software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users is
known as___. a) groupware b) spyware d) adware d) shareware
5 Software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for
evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use is known as___.
a) malware b) spyware d) adware d) shareware
6 An activity or piece of work which CPU has to perform is known as ___.
a) thread b) task c) kernel d) function
7 ___ is the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource
allocation, file management, and security.
a) kernel b) utility c) application d) widget
8 All of these are types of utilities EXCEPT FOR:
a) presentation b) maintenance c) disc compression d) setup
9 MS Word, Excel, Power Point are examples of ___ .
a) applications software b) widgets c) utilities d) OS
10 All of these are interface components EXCEPT FOR:
a) window b) menu c) picture d) icon
11 Mark the odd word: a) design b) architect c) format d) layout
12 Mark the odd word: a) design b) construct c) layout d) architecture
13 The queries can be framed using an ______ version of the existing Database
Assistance tool. a) updated b) update c) updater d) updating
14 All of these collocate with the adjective “desktop” EXCEPT FOR:
a) publishing b) computer c) application d) cluster
15 The text extended ____ the edge of the window. a) from b) beyond c) behind d) after
16 All of these are types of application software EXCEPT FOR:
a) graphics software b) presentation software c) spreadsheet software d) desktop
software
17 Spyware and adware differ mostly by their ___.
a) size b) programming language c) purpose d) price
18 For further details please contact the Institute for ___Language Studies.
a) Applicable b) Applicative c) Applied d) Applicational
19 This is the standard way of ___ data in your program.
a) installing b) embedding c) introducing d) inserting
20 Everyone should be able to design a standard Web page in minutes using the point
and click type tools for___ text, graphics and sound.
52
a) installing b) introducing c) encapsulating d) inserting
53
Module 6. CYBERSPACE

1 Account (n) a record or statement of ~ name/password/access/balance/
financial expenditure; the restriction/manager/policy/number/
means by which a user can status/ID; administrative/computer/
access a computer system; disabled/user/group/guest/local ~;
an Internet-based entity account (v): ~ for sth, take into ~, on
owned by or assigned to a ~ of; on this ~; accountability (n):
specific user, but stored in password ~, accountable (n): ~ to sb;
an organization (adv); accounting (n): ~
period/control/data system/device/
machine/management/software
2 Anonymity (n) the state of being processor ~; anonym (n); anonymous
purposely unknown, (adj): ~ variable/letter/writer/server/
concealing one’s identity surfing/user;
Cf. pseudonym, alias
3 Avatar (n) visual manifestation of a an ~ of selflessness, account/colorful
person or idea; a movable ~; choose/change an ~;
icon representing a person syn. incarnation, embodiment
in cyberspace or virtual
reality graphics
4 Block (v) put an obstacle in the way; ~ a(n) file/software/account/site/
keep a troublesome user mobile phone/network/anonymous
out of one’s mentions and user/abusing message/signal; block
send them an explicit (n): ~ algebra/method/code; ~ of
signal that one wants to code/flats/shares; in ~s; building/
have nothing to do with control/data/memory/message/queue
them storage ~; blockage (n):
manual/mechanical ~, ~ factor;
blocked (adj); blocker (n),
blockout (n)
syn. barrier, obstacle, impediment,
hindrance; stop, prevent from,
hinder, ban
ant. permit, give access, allow
5 Blog (n) a site maintained by an create/maintain/add content to/
(web + log) individual or a business contribute to a ~, a ~ client/ host/-
with regular entries of hosting; corporate/company/ news/
commentary, descriptions business ~; blogger (n):
of events, or other material popular/notorious ~;
such as graphics or video (micro)blogging (n): the art of ~;
syn. online journal
Cf. splog (n)=(spam+blog)
6 Bookmark (n) a strip of leather, card, etc., create/delete/share/follow a ~, a ~
used to mark one's place in list; bookmarker (n); bookmarking
a book; a record of the (n): clever/frequent/individual ~;
address of a file, Internet syn. clip, holder, marker
page, or other data
54
enabling quick access by a
user
7 Browse (v) survey goods for sale in a ~ around the store/through the
leisurely and casual way; newspaper; ~ the web/web pages;
read or survey (data files) browse (adj): a ~ list/mode; browser
via a network (n): web/popular/heavy ~, ~
interface; browsing (n):
web/easy/computer ~; browsable
(adj);
syn. surf
8 Cast (v) throw something ~ a smile/a net/anchor; ~ back/aside/
forcefully; cause (light or down/away; ~ doubts/lots; casting
shadow) to appear on a (n): life ~; cast (n):
surface; arrange and web/broad/pod/milti/vod ~;
present in a specified form syn. emit, put on air
or style
9 Clickbait (n) enticing readers to click ~ headlines/titles/news; clickbaiting
through to the full story (n): engage in ~
with a misleading or
sensationalist headline,
usually with the goal of
generating page views and
advertising revenue
10 Clickthrough rate a common method of increase/decrease/raise/lower/boost
(CTR) (n) reporting on the number of the ~; high/low ~
people who have viewed a
message or a piece of
content and clicked on an
ad or a link
11 Cookie (n) a sweet biscuit; a small ~ data/file/information/sheet/
identifier file placed on a verification; ~-enabled browser;
user’s computer by a Web delete/steal/spy/create
site, which logs (automatically)/enable/disable/allow/
information about the user switch on (off) ~s
and their previous/current
visits
12 Content(s) (n) sng.: a state of satisfaction; the ~ of the matter; low fat ~; online
pl.: the material dealt with ~ providers; be ~ with sth; ~ oneself
in a speech, literary work, with sth; time of ~; contentless (adj);
etc. as distinct from its contented (adj): feel ~;~ -based
form or style; information coding/information retrieval; ~
made available by a -driven document; ~
website or another analysis/decoder /management/
electronic medium filtering/provider /test/service; ~s of
a book; table of ~ s; the ~s
page/list/directory/ dictionary; ~ of a
file/data stream/message; block/
provide/create/show/restrict the ~s
syn. essence
13 Community (n) a group of people living the international/European/virtual/
together in one place, research/information/online/user/AI
especially one practicing ~; ~
55
common ownership; a web service/center/college/facilities
society uniting people with /health service/worker;
the same interests, social syn. society, group
values and or other
particular characteristics
14 Creep (v) move slowly and carefully ~ up to sth/forward/back/slowly;
in order to avoid being creeping (n): ~ access/code/failure/
heard or noticed; spend an movement/speed; creeper (n):
extended period of time anonymous/irritating/fanatic/
looking through addicted ~
someone’s profiles,
photos, and videos on
social media
15 Crowdfunding (n) the act of soliciting vast/urgent/quick/skillful ~ ;
donations or investments try/succeed in/raise money through/
from online users who resort to ~
collectively raise money to
support a cause or to
underwrite a project
16 Cyber (adj) relating to or characteristic ~ age/space/warfare/
of the culture of crime/life/criminal/offence/theft/
computers, information cash/culture/mail/café/sport/
technology, and virtual terrorism/citizen/phobia/security/
reality slacker/speak/squatting/stalkng; cybe
rnated (adj): ~ humanity; cybernation
(n): of the world; cybernaut (n);
cybernetic (adj): ~ approach/control/
machine/model/system; cybernetics
(n); cyborg (n);
syn. virtual
17 E- (pfx) denoting the use of ~-mail/book/journal/commerce/
electronic data transfer in banking/learning/cash/zine/crime/
cyberspace, especially literacy/business/culture/government/
through the Internet library/payment/publishing/voting
18 Emoticon (n) a representation of a facial a(n) strange/(in)appropriate/
(emotion + icon) expression such as a smile (ir)relevant/funny/angry/vertical/
or a frown, formed by horizontal/sticker ~;
various combinations of send/attach/add/choose an ~;
keyboard characters and syn. smiley
used in electronic
communications to convey
the writer's feelings or
intended tone
19 FAQ (acr) a text file containing a list publish/consult/ignore/look
(frequently asked of questions and answers through/find the answer in ~;
questions) relating to a particular Cf. FAQL (frequently asked question
subject, esp. the one giving list)
basic information for users
of an Internet newsgroup
20 Feed (v) frequently updated content latest/irritating/abusing/parallel ~;
subscription to which web/news/events/line/power ~;
allows to read the latest (un)subscribe to a ~
56
posts or watch the newest
videos on any computer or
portable device
21 Forum (n) a meeting or medium discussion/international ~;
where ideas and views on join/provide a ~ for sb/sth; World
a particular issue can be Telecommunication ~; Independent
exchanged; an online Software Developers ~; pl. fora
discussion site syn. conference, newsgroup
22 Geotagging (n) the process of adding automatic/precise/user’s ~; use/

location-based metadata to resort to/refer to/be guided by ~
media such as photos,
video or online maps
23 Link (n) a relationship between two perma/hyper/data/cable/fiber-
things or situations; a optic/implicit /logical/transmission/
reference in an electronic transport ~; follow/click on/build/
document that lets a user manage/control a ~; ~
display or activate another access/address/control/error/file;
document or program; linked (adj): ~ list/document/
a reference to data that thecommunication; link-up (n): a live
reader can directly follow satellite ~; linkable (adj): ~ cycle;
by clicking linkability (n): ~ of
devices/equipment; linkage (n):
external/internal ~;
syn. tie, connection (cross-)reference,
Cf. liason
24 Log (v) enter (an incident or fact) ~ in to/out of a server; log (n): a ~
in the log of a ship or command/entry/file/journal/
aircraft or in another message/server; logger (n):
systematic record; go site/internet ~; logged (adj): ~
through the procedures to data/drive; logger (n): data/
begin (or conclude) using multichannel/system ~, ~ machine;
a computer system logging (n): error/executive/failure/
machine time ~, ~ printer/unit;
login (n): user /remote/automatic ~; ~
name/password/directory/
procedure/prompt/command file;
disable a ~;
syn. log on/off
25 Mail (n) letters and parcels sent by e-/postal/snail/incoming/daily/direct
post; electronic mail ~; ~ box/edition/filter/program/
system/server/list/bot/man;
send/order by ~;
check/receive/redirect/delete/sort out
the ~; mailable (adj);
mailing (adj): ~ list/list
manager/processor/program;
syn. listserver (listserv)
26 Meme (n) an element of a culture or interesting/video/colorful/funny/
system of behavior that absurd ~; spread/track/send/ post a ~;
may be considered to be memetic (adj): ~
passed from one individual algorithm/code/spread
57
to another by imitation; an
image with a text, video or
link describing a thought,
idea, joke, or concept to be
shared online
27 Media (n) media (pl.): the main (pl.) civic/social/mass/local/
means of mass broadcasting/ multi/interactive/
communication multiple/network/communication/
(television, radio, and physical/source code ~, ~ art/event/
newspapers) regarded library/studies/processor/-specific;
collectively; ~ access/control /adapter/computer/
medium (sng.): a means by frequency; ~-capacity/-run/-sized;
which sth is (sng) automated data/empty
communicated or /information-carrying/input/output/
expressed; a particular interactive/magnetic/recording/
storage container for storage /transfer/transmission/
computer files, such as (non)volatile ~; the ~ of instruction
magnetic tape or a disc syn. means
28 Monitor (v) observe and check the ~ activity/function/signal; monitor
progress or quality of sth (n): black and white/color/CRT/
over a period of time; refreshed/ enhanced RGB/system/
observe some activities flat-screen/LCD/LED/thin-
and measure them against film/VGA/TV ~; ~ amplifier/display/
benchmark policies and mode/signal/switch; monitored (adj);
rules monitoring (n): call/low-
battery/performance/security
threat/heat/pulse/remote/access ~, ~
of production performance/tool
breakage; ~ equipment/technology/
window;
syn. control, check, audit
29 Navigate (v) guide (a vessel or vehicle) ~ the keyboard/a vessel/a course/the
over a specified route, Internet/around the Web/a car
especially with difficulty, through the traffic; be ~ed by the
by using instruments or stars; ~ skillfully; ~; navigable (adj):
maps; move around a ~ path/waterway; navigating (adj): ~
website, the Internet, etc. officer; navigation (n): electronic ~,
~ aids/air radar/area/button/canal/
computer/control/electronics/
facilities/instrument/kit/support/
satellite; syn. shipping; navigational
(adj): database/guidance/parameter/
query; navigator (n):
television/driver’s/ GSM ~
30 Password (v) a secret word or a phrase generate/change/supply/enter a ~;
that must be used to gain multi (single)-user/one-time ~, ~
admission to a place; a ageing/authentication/changing/
string of characters that identification/logout/security/
allows sb access to a verification; ~-protected;
computer system Cf. identification, login
31 Post (v) send by post; display (a ~ a message/status; ~ on the
notice) in a public place; wall/Internet/site; ~ in sb’s blog; post
58
make (information) (n): place a ~, a ~ bag/boy/card/
available on the Internet; box/exchange/office; postal (adj): ~
send (a message) to an address/code/ service/transaction;
Internet bulletin board or send/receive by ~;
newsgroup provocative/clever/funny ~;
syn. mail, correspondence, public
message
Cf. poste restante
32 Site (n) an area of ground on do sth on ~; ~ visits; a landfill ~;
which a town, building, or appear/post on the ~;
monument is constructed; close/block/ban/develop/design/
(short for website) an control/address/administer/compromi
Internet location that se a ~;
maintains one or more web ~ admin/control/database/
pages development/license/name/
safety/server/testing; a spyware ~;
syn. place, location, spot
33 Spam (n) irrelevant or inappropriate send/receive/delete/block/report/
messages sent on the avoid ~; ~ filter/bot/buster/victim;
Internet to a large number spammer (n): annoying/irritating/
of newsgroups or users for advertising ~; spamming (n): ~ of
advertizing purposes mailboxes/accounts; spamster (n);
syn. junk mail
34 Status (n) relative social or ~ of the person/bill, ~ bar/error/
professional position; the control/monitoring/indicator
current condition a device (ion)/message/report; update/post/
or a user is in delete/change/announce/
maintain/preserve/restore the ~;
availability/(in)active/current ~;
statutory (adj): ~ order/instrument;
syn. state, position
Cf. status quo
35 Stream (n) a long, narrow strip of TV/radio/video/information/
material used as a communication/file/input/output/
decoration or symbol; a manager/mode/flow ~; ~ of data;
continuous flow of data or instruction/media ~; stream (v);
instructions, typically one streamed (adj): ~ content/students;
having a constant or streamer (n): a plastic/party/multi-
predictable rate coloured ~ ; decorate/adorn with ~s;
digital recording ~; streaming (adj):
TV/video ~, audio ~;
syn. poster, slogan, cascade, flood
36 Trace (v) follow or mark the course ~ a(n) signal/person/activity/actions;
or position of sth; find or ~ sth back; trace (n):
discover sth by electrical/path/program/return/
investigation reverse/signal ~; ~ analysis/
filter/interval/leakage/method/
scheduling; traceable (adj): barely ~;
traceability (n); traced (adj): ~
profile; traceless (adj): ~
matrix/operator; tracer (n): ~ activity;
syn. track
59
37 Thread (n) a long, thin strand of fibers execution/discussion/main/single ~,
used in sewing or ~ group/ID/
weaving; a topic or package/time/detector(ion)/
subtopic within an failure/formation; start/close/
electronic discussion continue /limit a ~;
group or forum; a thread (v): ~ a needle;
programming structure or threaded (adj): ~ file;
process linking a number threading (n): multi ~, ~ facility/tool
of separate elements
concurrently executed in
multithreading
38 Virtual not physically existing as ~ world/reality/function/address/
such but made by software business/call/network/channel/
to appear to do so; an community/computer/connection/
online computer-simulated database/device/directory/disk/librar
space y/meeting/memory/server/storage;
virtualization (n): ~ engine/
implementation/management/
platform/software/technique/
technology; virtualize (v); virtually
(adv): ~ impossible; virtuality (n);
syn. cyber
ant. real, actual
39 a widely used information ~ conferencing/casting/publishing/
Web system on the Internet browsing/programming; ~
(World Wide enabling the user to search page/address/application/
Web) for information by moving browser/designer/document/host/
from one document to interface/infrastructure/server/space/
another cast; ~-based administration/
email/solution;
syn. the Internet, global network
Cf. webinar, web-master, webcam,
webisode, webzine
40 Wiki (from the Hawaiian “wiki ~pedia/books; media ~; ~leaks
wiki” which means “super Cf. encyclopedia
fast”) a website or
database developed
collaboratively by a
community of users,
allowing any user to add
and edit content
1. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. - Oxford University Press Inc., 2010
2. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. - 8-е изд.,
испр. и доп. – ABBYY. - Масловский Е.К., 2008.
программированию - 8-е изд., испр. и доп. – Э. М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий, 2011.
4. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. - «РУССО». - Александров А.В., 2004.
ACTIVITIES
60
1. block
2. community
3. emoticon
4. forum
5. link
6. monitor
7. WWW
1. virtual
2. block
3. log in
4. snail mail
5. implicit
6. external
7. anonymous

accountably
link
mail
monitored
navigable
stream
trace
1. Take ______ account the compatability of the new software.

2. Students account ____ the vast majority of customers.
3. The dedicated blogger contributes _____ his blog every day.
4. He was browse _____ the moring newspaper to find ger announcement.
5. The girl was found as she left a reference _____ geotagging
6. He called the system administrator as it was impossible to log ______ the server.
7. Goods ordered _____ postal mail are likely to be damaged or broken.
vocabulary units:

cyber
61
a blog
contents
Adjective/Noun Target vocabulary unit
feed
cookies
e-
Target vocabulary unit Adjective/Noun

password
62
1. anonymity A. a small identifier file placed on a user’s computer by a Web site, which
logs information about the user and their previous/current visits for the use of
the site next time the user makes contact
2. avatar B. a location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more web pages
3. clickbait C. the state of being purposely unknown, concealing one’s identity
4. CTR D. a text file containing a list of questions and answers relating to a particular
subject
5. cookie E. a movable icon representing a person in cyberspace or virtual reality
graphics
6. FAQ F. a common metric for reporting on the number of people who viewed a
message or piece of content and clicked on the ad or link
7. meme G. an image with text, video or link describing a thought, idea, joke, or
concept to be shared online
8. site H. web content with a misleading or sensationalist headline that entices
readers to click through to the full story, usually with the goal of generating
page views and advertising revenue

1. a cookie – spying A. general and specific
2. a blog – an online journal B. cause and effect
3. mail – postal mail C. contrast
4. virtual – real D. equivalence
5. a post – a site E. part and whole
6. spam-filter - spam F. method and purpose
7. www - site
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about the Internet and comment on it:
below:
63
emoticon – meme
blog – site
wikipedia - encyclopedia
log- blog
www – the Internet – cyberspace
avatar - icon
Similarities
1. ________________ 1. ________________
1. ________
2. ________________ 2. ________________
2. ________
3. ________________ 3. ________________
3. ________
4. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
1. bookmark
3. FAQ
4. e-mail
5. password
6. status
7. thread
7 account
Activity 11. Outline the major advantages and/or disadvantages of:
Concept Advantages Disadvantages

1. cookie
2. geotagging
3. navigator
4. spam
5. avatar
6. crowdfunding
7. wikipedia
Activity 12. Name at least 3 reasons why people should/shouldn’t have an anonymous avatar.
Activity 13. Add to Wikipedia a page describing national clothes, a national musical
instrument or the national cuisine (min. 500 words). Report on your contribution,
demonstrate the results.
64
Activity 14. Say which accounts you have got on the Internet? What is the purpose of each
account? How often do you use it?
Activity 15. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about famous blogs/bloggers.
TEST
1 Mark the odd word: a) block b) permit c) give access d) allow

2 Alexandria is _________ by a network of railway and telegraph lines to the other towns
of Egypt. a) linked b) linking c) linkage d) links
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “virtual – real”:
4 All of these are synonymous to the word “link” EXCEPT FOR:
a) tie b) connection c) cross-reference d) thread
5 E-mail and spam differ mostly by their ___.
a) size b) time of delivery c) purpose d) price
6 A location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more web pages is known as a
___. a) blog b) cookie c) site d) link
7 What is the logical relationship between “a blog” and “an online journal”:
8 What is the logical relationship between “mail” and “postal mail”:
9 A blog and a forum differ mostly by their:
a) purpose b) number of authors c) location d) topic
10 Everybody can contribute ___ Wikipedia.
a) with b) in c) to d) for
11 A movable icon representing a person in cyberspace is known as a(n) ___.
a) avatar b) meme c) emoticon d) status
12 Computers account ____ 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.
a) with b) in c) for d) on
13 Mark the odd word: a) account b) accountability c) accountant d) accountable
14 _________ TV is gaining more and more popularity.
a) stream b) streaming c) streamer d) streamed
15 Which of the following concepts denotes physical connection:
a) www b) network c) the Internet d) cyberspace
16 Maintaining a site with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other
material is called ____. a) browsing b) blogging c) chatting d) casting
17 The programmer successfully ____ some of software bugs.
a) traceless b) traced c) tracing d) trace
18 All of these denote “data rate” EXCEPT FOR:
a) bandwidth b) latency c) throughput d) data transfer capacity
19 All of these collocate with the noun “crowdfunding” EXCEPT FOR:
a) succeed in b) allocate c) raise money through d) try
20 All of these collocate with the noun “password” EXCEPT FOR:
a) ageing b) stalking c) generation d) authentication
65
Module 7. CYBER CRIME

1 Bootlegger (n) a person engaged in illegal bootlegging (n); bootlegged (adj);
copying of software; an syn. pirate, piracy
illegally copied software
2 Breach (n) an act of breaking or a ~ of law/contract/policy/code of
failing to observe a law, conduct; do sth in ~ of sth;
agreement, or code of syn. violation, infringement;
conduct; disclosure of
sensitive information to an
unauthorized outsider
3 Combat (v) fight against; oppose sth ~ piracy/computer crime;
vigorously syn. fight sth, struggle with sth
4 Commit (v) do; perform; dedicate ~ a crime/murder/error/suicide; ~
oneself to sth oneself to sth; ~ sth to memory/
prison; committed (adj): ~ to a
cause/principles/idea/doing sth; a ~
employee/worker; commitment (n):
~ of a crime/murder/suicide;
5 Comply (v) meet specified standards; ~ with the rules/regulations/law/
act in accordance with a standards; (non-)compliance (n);
wish or command (non-)compliant (adj);
syn. conform to/with, abide by
6 Copyright (n) the exclusive right given secure/protect/violate/infringe on the
by law to an author to ~; ~ law/holder; copyrighted (adj),
print, publish, and sell copyrighter (n); copywriting (n)
copies of his/her original ant. copyleft
work
7 Crack (v) break or cause to break sth ~ a joke/code/message; a tough nut
open or apart; find a to ~, ~ down on criminals; crack
solution to sth; decipher or (n): a ~ dealer/seller; crack (n): a
interpret sth; break a tiny/narrow ~, spot/find/see/look for
security system illegally a ~; cracking (n), cracker (n): a
black-hat ~;
syn. break, decipher, hack
8 Crime (n) illegal activity punishable commit/prevent/report/fight (a) ~;
by law punish sb for a ~; ~ rate/incidence; a
victim of ~; petty/serious/violent/
organized ~; criminal (adj),
criminally (adv), criminality (n),
incriminate (v), incrimination (n);
syn. felony, wrongdoing
9 Cyberbullying (n) repeatedly harming or be subject to~; fall/become a victim
harassing other people of ~;
online in a deliberate syn. cyberstalking, trolling
manner
10 Cybercide (n) the deletion of an be prone to/commit ~; an act of ~;
individual's entire online Cf. suicide, genocide, ecocide
66
presences (the removal of
all social media profiles,
shared photos, blog posts,
directory entries and so
on)
11 Cyberslacker (n) an employee that uses cyberslacking (n): indulge in/engage
company computer for in/combat ~
personal purposes during syn. cyberloafer, cyberloafing
working hours (playing
games, shopping online or
using social networking
sites)
12 Cybersquatting purchasing a domain engage in/be (get) involved

(n) name that contains a well- in/combat/eliminate ~
known trademark or
commercial name to sell it
to the rightful owner for a
big profit
13 Data diddling (n) modifying data for fun and engage in/be (get) caught ~; data
profit, e.g. modifying diddler (n)
grades, changing credit
ratings, altering security
clearance information,
fixing salaries, or
circumventing book-
keeping and audit
regulations
14 Disseminate (n) scatter or spread widely, ~ information/viruses/knowledge/
promulgate extensively; ideas/news; dissemination (n)
broadcast; disperse syn. spread, propagate, promulgate
15 Filter (v) remove undesirable data ~ a list of customers/incoming e-
by sifting mail/traffic;
syn. sift away
16 Flooding (n) providing more input than engage in/suspect/combat/protect
the entity can process against ~; flood (v), flooded (adj),
properly flooding (n);
Cf. mailbombing, packet monkey
17 Fraud (n) manipulation of data for a ~ scheme; control/commit/suspect/
criminal purposes, e.g. combat/ protect against ~; in case of
changing banking records ~; fraudulence (n), fraudulent (adj),
to illegally transfer money fraudulently (adv), fraudster (n)
to an account syn. cheating, swindling
18 Hacker (n) someone who secretly speed/teleport/ethical ~;
uses or changes the hack (v), back-hack (v);
information in other syn. cracker
people's computer
systems
19 Identity theft (n) creating a false identity commit an ~; protect from ~;
using sb else’s identifying accuse sb of ~
information to make new
67
credit cards or take loans
20 Intruder (n) the one who puts oneself network/computer/impudent ~;
deliberately into a place or attack/alert an ~; intrude (v),
situation where one is (un)intrusive (adj), intrusion (n);
unwelcome or uninvited syn. invader, trespasser
21 Jacking (n) taking sth in a manner click/hi/page-~;
forbidden by law, rules, or engage in/be (get) involved
custom in/suspect/combat/protect against ~;
create a click-~ site; jack in (v);
jacker (n): hi/click/page-~;
syn. steal
Cf. identity theft
22 Keylogger (n) a program installed on a keylogging (n): suspect/engage
victim's machine that in/combat/protect against/suffer
records every keystroke from ~
that a user makes for
stealing login and
password details
23 Mousetrapping (n) forcing an Internet user to engage in/suspect/combat/protect
stay on a particular against ~
website by triggering a
mouse trap
24 Packet monkey (n) sb who intentionally Cf. flooding
floods a network server or
router with data packets in
order to make it
unreachable by others
25 Phracking (n) a combination of engage in/suspect/combat/protect
phreaking with computer against ~; phracker (n)
hacking
26 Phreaker (n) a person who hacks freaking (n): engage in/suspect of
telephone systems, usually /combat/protect against ~;
for the purpose of making
free phone calls
27 Piggyback (n) the one gaining piggybacking (n): engage in/be (get)
unauthorized access to a involved in/be caught ~
computer system via
another user's legitimate
connection
28 Piracy (n) the act of illegally computer/software ~; act of ~;
copying software, music, engage in/suspect/combat/commit/
or movies that are protect against ~; anti-piracy (n): ~
copyright-protected law/measures; pirate (n), pirated
(adj);
syn. bootlegging
29 Pharming (n) misdirecting traffic from
one website to a website engage in/be (get) involved in/
controlled by a criminal suspect/combat/commit/protect
hacker by altering the against ~; pharmer (n)
domain name system or
configuration files on a
68
victim’s computer
30 Phishing (n) sending e-mails or creating engage in/be involved in/be caught
web pages that are ~; phisher (n)
designed to collect
confidential information
for penetration, financial
fraud or identity theft
31 Repudiation (n) rejection of a proposal or ~ of a law/contract/policy/idea/
idea; refusal to fulfill or principle; (n); repudiate (v);
discharge an agreement, syn. rejection, renounce
obligation, or debt ant. non-repudiation
32 Salami theft/ stealing tiny amounts of engage in/be (get) involved in/be
slicing (n) money from each (get) caught (in) ~
transaction
33 Scavenging (n) using discarded listings, engage in/be (get) involved in/be
tapes, or other information (get) caught ~;
storage media to determine syn. dumpster diving
useful information such as
access codes, passwords,
or sensitive data
34 Spoofing (n) deceiving a system into IP ~; engage in/be (get) involved
thinking you are someone in/be (get) caught ~;spoofer (n)
you really are not to
bypass security measures
35 Steal (v) take sb’s property without ~ sth from sb; stolen (adj), stealth
permission or legal right (n), stealthy (adj), stealthily (adv);
and without intending to syn. theft (n)
return it Cf. thief
36 Trojan Horse (n) an innocent-looking download/detect/neutralize a ~;
program that has Cf. Easter egg, time bomb, zombie
undocumented harmful
functions
37 Trolling (n) an anti-social act of go ~; engage in/prevent/tackle/stop
causing an interpersonal (an act of)/suffer from/reduce the
conflict and controversy risk of ~; troll (v);
online, purposely sowing syn. cyberbullying
hatred, bigotry, racism,
etc.
38 Virus (n) a computer program download/detect/neutralize/spread/di
designed to replicate and sseminate a ~;
spread itself from one Cf. bot, zombie
machine to another
without the help of the
user (unlike a worm,
residing inside programs at
all times)
39 Wiretapping (n) the interception of engage in/detect/be (get)
electronic communications caught/protect against/from ~
in order to access
information
40 Worm (n) a program which spreads
69
through a computer system install/download/detect/neutralize/
or network by replicating spread/disseminate a ~
(like a virus) but without
integrating itself into its
executable code
1. Kabay M. E., Glossary of computer crime terms. [Online]. Available:

http://www.mekabay.com/overviews/glossary.pdf [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2015]
2. Ward M., Hi-tech crime: A glossary. BBC news. [Online]. Available:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/5400052.stm [Accessed: Oct. 14, 2015]
3. The Dictionary. Netlingo. [Online]. Available: http://www.netlingo.com [Accessed: 15 Oct.
2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. bootlegger
2. combat
3. committed to sth
4. breach
5. stealth
6. cyberslacking
7. filter
1. breach
2. repudiate
3. violation
4.conformity
5. copyright
6. piracy
7. black-hat cracker

commit
Intruder
criminal
steal
fraudulently
flood
(non-) compliant
70
1. Because such publications do not conform ___ any standardized rules, this information is not
computer readable.
2. It must be terrible to be subject ___ cyberbullying.
3. We never thought him to be prone ___ suicide.
4. She went to the shop where she was diddled ___ ___ £15 when buying a pair of flip-flops.
5. He regarded it as an infringement ___ his privacy.
6. I would not imagine him acting ___breach of law.
7. The companies would have to comply ___ the new safety standards and procedures.
Activity 5. Complete the tables below with missing words of the given part of speech that form
strong partnerships with the target vocabulary unit:
fraud
a worm/virus
Target vocabulary unit Nouns
commit a/n
1. stealing, jacking A modifying data for fun and profit

2. keylogging B using company resources for personal reasons during
working hours
3. mousetrapping C taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or custom
4. phreaking D forcing an Internet user to stay on a particular website
5. data diddling E hacking telephone systems, usually for the purpose of
making free phone calls
6. pharming F recording every keystroke that a user makes for stealing login
71
and password details
7.cyberslacking G misdirecting traffic from one Website to a Website
controlled by a criminal hacker
8. spoofing H deceiving a system into thinking you are someone you really
are not

1. bootlegging – piracy A. general and specific
2. phracking - cracking B. cause and effect
3. spoofing – identity theft C. contrast
4. stealing – salami slicing D. method and purpose
5. worm – virus E. part and whole
6. cyberslacking – loss of productivity F. equivalence
7. firewall – malware protection
Activity 8. Decode a saying about crime and comment on it:
below:
stealing vs jacking
phracking vs phreaking
hijacking - page-jacking - click-jacking
keylogging – mouse-trapping
malware – grayware
fraud – theft
hacker – cracker
Similarities
1. ________________ 1. ________________
2. ________________ 1. ________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 2. ________ 3. ________________
4. ________________ 3. ________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
72
Activity 10. Name at least 2 kinds of crime that involve:
1. violation of social norms

2. telephone calls
3. copyright violations
4. misdirecting or impeding traffic
5. stealing confidential data
6. identity theft
Activity 11. What kind of crime you might be a victim to if:
1. Your telephone/Internet bills have risen significantly.

2. Your account information has changed.
3. You receive threats and insults on the net.
4. The money in your bank account has disappeared.
5. You receive a lot of unwanted e-mails.
6. Your copyright is violated.
7. You can’t leave an Internet page.
Activity 12. Describe an instance of your suffering from an Internet crime.
Activity 13. What could you do not to fall prey to Internet criminals (name at least 3
measures).
Activity 14. Arrange the computer crimes in the ascending order of the difficulty of
committing them.
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and add to the above list more recent types of computer crime.
TEST
1 Mark the odd word: a) oppose b) combat c) fight d) struggle
2 All of these may be committed EXCEPT FOR:
a) crime b) a mistake c) a murder d) suicide
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “breach - compliance ”:
4 A hacker and a cracker differ mostly in the ___ of their activity.
a) method b) purpose c) nature d) location
5 Which of these is synonymous to the word “cyberbullying”:
a) cyberslacking b) cyberstalking c) cybersquatting d) cyberloafing
6 Modifying data for fun and profit is known as ___.
a) phishing b) spoofing c) data diddling d) phreaking
7 One can filter any of these EXCEPT FOR:
a) fraud b) a list of customers c) incoming e-mail d) traffic
8 What is the logical relationship between “malware” and “a virus”:
9 Names of all crimes which consist in taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or
73
custom contain the root ___. a) cide b) jack c) tap d) cyber
10 Choose the correct preposition: Anyone subject ___ cybercrime should be protected by
law. a) of b) in c) to d) with
11 The words “trolling”, “cyberbullying”, “cyberstalking” relate to:
a) ill-treatment of people online
b) loss of confidential information
c) stealing sb’s property
d) deceiving people
12 The concepts of “keylogging”, “mousetrapping”, “pharming” relate to all of these
EXCEPT FOR:
a) manipulation of people
c) blackmailing
d) deceiving people
13 The words “hijacking”, “pagejacking”, “clickjacking” relate to:
a) loss of confidential information
b) illegal takeover
c) stealing sb’s property
d) deceiving people
14 The words “piracy”, “bootlegging”, “copyright” relate to:
a) ill-treatment of people online
c) stealing sb’s intellectual property
d) deceiving people
15 All of these are synonymous to the word “disseminate ” EXCEPT FOR:
a) promote b) spread c) propagate d) promulgate
16 Purchasing a domain name that contains a well-known trademark or commercial name
to sell it to the rightful owner for a big profit is known as ___.
a) cyberslacking b) cybersquatting c) cybercide d) cyberbullying
17 He is a convicted credit-card ___.
a) fraudster b) fraud c) fraudulent d) fraudulence
18 All of these collocate with the noun “worm” EXCEPT FOR:
a) install b) commit c) download d) detect
19 The difference between “copyright” and “copyleft” concerns mostly
the authors’ ___ (their) work. a) income from b) manner of c) method of d) interest in
20 A blackhat and a whitehat differ mostly in the ___. a) colour b) size c) shape d) purpose
74
Module 8. CYBER SECURITY

1 Attack (n) an attempt to gain violent/aggressive/active/passive/
unauthorized access to inside/outside/spoofing ~;
system services, come under ~; launch/be open to an ~;
resources, or syn. penetration, intrusion
information, or to
compromise system
integrity
2 Authenticate (v) prove or show sth to be ~ a document/identity/
true, genuine, or valid; authentication (n): certificate-
confirm the correctness based/biometric ~;
of the claimed identity authenticity (n);
syn. verify, validate, confirm
Cf. authorize
3 Authorize (v) grant a right or a ~ sb to do sth; be ~ed to do sth;
permission to a system authorization (n): obtain/sign/present
entity to access a system ~; authorized (adj): an ~
resource payment/dealer; authority (n):
have/exercise ~ over sth/sb; delegate ~
to sb;
syn. entitle
Cf. authenticate
4 Back door (adj) a feature or a defect of a leave a ~ to a computer; open a ~ to
computer system that hackers; activate a ~;
allows secret syn. trap door
unauthorized access to
data
5 Certify (v) officially recognize sb as certificate (n): issue/renew/revoke/
possessing certain grant/get/obtain a ~; ~
qualifications or meeting renewal/revocation; certified (adj): a ~
certain standards CISCO programmer/accountant/
instructor; certification (n): ~
authority/procedure
syn. accredit, qualify
6 Cipher (n) sth written in a code; a ~ text/mode/key; write sth in ~;
cryptographic algorithm (de)cipher (v), (de)ciphered (adj): a ~
message
syn. code, encrypt
7 Classified (adj) sth or sb arranged in ~ document/information/
categories according advertisement; be ~ according to into
to shared qualities or some categories;
characteristics; sth classify (v): ~ sb/sth into … according
categorized as officially to…; classification (n): ~
secret, access to which level/type/category;
requires authorization syn. categorize
ant. declassified, unclassified
8 Code (n) a system of symbols used write/crack a ~; ~ string/generator/
75
to represent information inspection/length/point;
in the form other than the source/malicious/machine/ASCII ~;
original one (de)encode (v);
syn. cipher, cryptogram
9 Compromise (v) cause to become ~ a system/data/security/one’s
vulnerable or function principles; ~ on sth; compromise (n):
less effectively reach a ~; (un)compromised (adj);
syn. undermine, weaken, injure, harm
10 Confidential (adj) information to be ~ information/service/details/
disclosed only to those performance check; keep sth ~; on a ~
authorized to view it basis; divulge ~ information;
confidentiality (n): ~ agreement,
breach of ~, total ~, under the terms of
~, guarantee/request ~; confidentially
(adv);
syn. private, personal, secret, sensitive,
classified
ant. open, public
11 Corruption (n) dishonest or fraudulent expose/root out ~; allegation of ~;
conduct by those in prevent accidental data ~; lead
power, typically to/cause data ~; rotten with ~;
involving bribery; corrupt/ed (adj);
degradation of a ant. integrity
computer database or Cf. bribery
program by alteration or
the introduction of errors
12 Dedicated (adj) exclusively allocated to be ~ to a career/cause/team;
or intended for a a ~ channel/security mode/link/
particular purpose; a terminal/web page/graphics/card/
mode of IS operation, employee/LAN /line; dedicate (v): ~
wherein all users are oneself to sth/sb; ~ sth to sb;
authorized to access all dedication (n)
data handled by the syn: exclusive, allocated
system
13 Deny (v) refuse to give sth ~ access/the existence of
requested or desired to sth/evidence/a law/a privilege/a claim;
sb; refuse to admit the ~ sb the right to sth; ~ oneself the
truth or existence of sth pleasure of sth/doing sth; ~ that…;
denial (n): ~ of service/access;
(un)deniable (adj);
syn: reject, decline
14 Encrypt (v) convert (information or ~ information/data/a password/a
data) into a code, message; cryptography (n),
especially to prevent (un)encrypted (adj);encryption (n): ~
unauthorized access standards/code;
syn. code, cypher
ant. decrypt (v), decode
15 Expire (v) (of a document, license/contract/term/authorization ~s

authorization, or on/ at …; expiry (n): ~ date;
agreement) come to the upon/before/after ~; best before ~;
76
end of the period of expiration (n), expired (adj)
validity
16 Expose (v) make sth visible by ~ sb to danger/risk/treatment/injury; ~
uncovering it; release the nature/flaw/defect of sth; exposed
sensitive data to an (adj): ~ to culture/best practices; ~
unauthorized entity (as a and vulnerable; exposure (n):
result of theft, deliberate/unintentional ~;
wiretapping, etc.), cause syn. endanger, imperil, jeopardize
someone to be vulnerable sb/sth;
or at risk familiarize/acquaint sb with sth
17 Detect (v) discover or identify the ~ intrusion/a virus/an
presence or existence of attempt/cancer /crime/changes/a trend;
sth detector (n): fire ~; detective (n);
syn. become aware/conscious of,
perceive
18 Digital (adj) relating to, using, or ~ certificate/signal/age/map/assistant/
storing data or TV/generation/technology/revolution/
information in the form recording/cassette/copier/image;
of signals expressed as digitize (v); digit (n);
series of the digits 0 and syn. computerized
1 ant. analogue
19 Disrupt (v) interrupt or prevent the ~ the workflow/operations/activities/
correct operation of a(n) application/mechanism/process/
system services and system/production/plans; disruption
functions (n), disruptive (adj);
syn. discontinue, interfere
20 Fail (v) be unsuccessful in ~ to do sth/in one’s attempt to do sth
achieving one’s goal; /an exam; ~-safe mode/a ~ grade; ~ to
cease to work properly; qualify/to meet the standards;
break down failure (n): ~ control; control ~; be
doomed to ~;
syn. breakdown, malfunction, go
wrong;
ant. succeed
21 Filter (n) a piece of software that ~ out/through sth;
processes data before ~ a system/a message/traffic/
passing it to another information/calls; filter (n):
application, for example water/oil/software/ removable ~;
by reformatting install a ~; ~ capability
characters or removing syn. sift, purify
unwanted types of
material
22 Firewall (n) either a hardware install/construct/bypass a ~; monitor
program or a feature computers and networks through ~;
intended to filter invest in a software ~; up-to-
incoming and outbound date/outdated personal ~; voice ~;
traffic syn: security gateway
23 Identity (n) the characteristics ~ card;
determining who or what personal/mistaken/group/corporate/
a person or thing is racial/social/ethnic/national ~;
identify (v): ~ sb (oneself) with sth/sb;
77
identifier (n); identification (n);
syn. selfhood
24 Integrity (n) the quality of being a man of ~; data ~; database ~ check;
honest and having strong check sth for ~;
moral principles; the structural/moral/territorial ~;
state of being undivided; ensure/preserve ~; integral (adj),
internal consistency or (dis)integrated (adj);
lack of corruption in syn. soundness, wholeness, solidity
electronic data
25 Intrude (v) enter with a disruptive or ~ on sb’s privacy/into sb’s private life;
adverse effect; intruder (n), intrusion (n): defend sth
gain access to sensitive against ~;
data without syn. encroach, infringe on, invade,
authorization by disrupt
circumventing a system's Cf: trespassing, penetration, reverse
security protection engineering
26 Log in/on (v) gain access to a session ~ to one’s computer/account/network;
to use system resources login (n): type the ~; a ~ command
usually by file;
providing a user name log (n): keep a ~; a logbook (n);
and password to an ant. log off/out
access control system
27 Password (n) a secret word or phrase type/enter/change/require/supply/
used to gain admission to know/forget the ~; ~ protection; be
a place; a string of protected by a ~; a(n) (in)valid ~
characters that allows
access to a computer,
interface, or system
28 Penetrate (v) go into or through sth ~ the market/into a system/sb’s words;
especially with force or penetration(n): high/deep ~; ~ level;
effort; gain unauthorized im/penetrable (adj): ~ barrier/network;
access to sensitive data syn. infiltrate, invade, intrude on
by circumventing a
system's protections
29 Privacy (n) the state of being free loss/guarantee of ~; invade/protect ~;
from public attention; the ~ concerns/issues/policy/setting;
right of a person for ~ reasons/considerations/
to determine the degree protection;
to which s/he will share private (adj): a ~ network
information about syn: confidentiality
him/herself with others ant. publicity, public
30 Proprietary (adj) sth owned by an ~ information/brand/rights/interests/
individual or a company, name /OS/database/software/
which needs to be system/features;
licensed from the owner ant. open, public/generic brand
before it can be used
31 Rely (v) depend on sb/sth with ~ on/upon sb/sth;
full trust or confidence (un)reliable (adj), (un)reliability (n);
syn. be confident of; depend on, trust
32 Risk (n) exposure to danger, the ~-averse/aversion; ~ factor; pose a ~;
possibility that run the ~ of; security ~; a ~ to safety;
78
something unpleasant or risky (adj), riskiness (n);
unwelcome will happen syn. insecurity, venture
33 Safety (n) the condition of being cyber/public ~ ; assure/jeopardize sb’s
protected from or ~; ~ barriers/precautions;
unlikely to cause danger, safe (adj): stay ~ on the Internet, ~ for
risk, or injury sb/from sth; safely (adv);
syn. security
ant. insecurity
34 Scan (v) look quickly but not very ~ for/through/into the computer; ~
thoroughly through sth; data/ information/library/the
convert a document or contents/pages/ headings; scan (n): a
picture into digital form; quick ~ of sth, make a digital ~ of sth;
check manually or scanner (n): optical/ultrasound/colour/
automatically for viruses desktop ~; buy/test/run the ~
and malware
35 Secret (n) not known or seen or not guard/keep/divulge a ~;
meant to be known or open/state/commercial/military ~;
seen by others meet in ~; secretive (adj): ~ about
plans
syn. cryptic, confidential, classified
36 Secure (adj) protected against attack ~ connection/transaction; ~
or other criminal activity against/from sth;
security (n) : ~ policy/update/
environment/mechanism/service/
protocol/level; social/data/ensure/
compromise/undermine ~;
ant. insecure, insecurity
37 Sensitive (adj) quick to detect or ~ to criticism/other people’s
respond to slight feelings/about sth; ~
changes, signals, or information/issue/test/equipment/area;
influences; kept secret or sense (n), sensitivity (n);
with restrictions on ant. insensitive, insensitivity
disclosure to avoid
endangering security
38 Threat (n) a person or thing likely to pose/constitute/cause/carry
cause damage or danger, out/fulfill/face a ~;
a potential for violation security/major/hidden ~; a ~ to public
of security, harm safety; under the ~ of sth; threaten (v),
threatening (adj);
syn. jeopardy
39 Valid (adj) legally or officially ~ contract/license/password/visa;
acceptable or binding; in (in)validity (n), (in)validate (v),
legal force (in)validation (n);
syn. effective
40 Vulnerability a flaw or weakness in a degree of ~; exploit/identify/fix a ~ on
system that could be a system; in/vulnerable (adj): ~
exploited to violate the group/position/to criticism;
system's security policy emotionally/feel ~;
ant. immune
79
1. R. Shirey, Internet security glossary, GTE/BBN Technologies, May 2000. [Online].
Available: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2828.txt [Accessed 15 Oct. 2015]
2. British National Corpus. [Online] Available: http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/ [Accessed 15
Oct. 2015]
3. Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cipher?q=cypher [Accessed: 16
Oct. 2015]
4. A glossary of common cybersecurity terminology, NICCS. [Online]. Available:
http://niccs.us-cert.gov/glossary [Accessed: 15 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. authenticate
2. authorize
3. compromise
4. deny
5. endanger
6. disrupt
7. intrude
1. encrypt
2. code
3. admit
4. vulnerable
5. confidential
6. succeed
7. cipher
8. proprietary

confide
undeniably
validity
safe
detect
digital
penetration

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1. I have never come ___ such an aggressive attack before.
2. Medicines should not be used ___ expiry.
3. Travelling abroad one gets exposed ___ various cultures.
4. These efforts are doomed ___ failure.
5. The disc has not been checked ___ integrity.
6. I would hate to intrude ___ his privacy.
7. She didn’t post the information ___ privacy reasons.
8. You can surely rely ___ me.
9. Could you scan the document ___ the computer?
vocabulary units:
a certificate
a firewall
confidential
code
dedicated
81
deny
1. back door A. disclose confidential information

2. divulge B. a feature or defect of a computer system that allows secret
unauthorized access to data
3. deny C. sth categorized as officially secret, access to which requires
authorization
4. classified D. internal consistency or lack of corruption in electronic data
5. integrity E. refuse to admit the truth or existence of sth
6. threat F. owned by an individual or a company, which needs to be licensed
from the owner before it can be used
7. proprietary G. a person or thing likely to cause damage or danger,

1. authorize-authenticate A. general and specific
2. firewall – security B. cause and effect
3. deny – admit C. contrast
4. scan – digitize D. method and purpose
5. character – password E. part and whole
6. filter - firewall
F. equivalence
7. integrity – corruption
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about computer security and comment on it:
82
Activity 9. Say what/who can be… and how:
secured
corrupted
certified
dedicated
in/validated
Activity 10. Say what the following is used/done for:
Authentification
Authorization
Encryption
Back door
Invalidation
Coding
Fail-safe mode
Activity 11.Do a mini-research and enumerate the security measures a) on the part of the user
b) on the part of a programmer. Evaluate their reliability.
below:
Disclosing – divulging information

Certificate – license
Confidential – classified information
Password – login – pin code
Data integrity – academic integrity
Safety - security
Similarities 83
1. ________________ 1. ________________
2. ________________ 1. ________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 2. ________ 3. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
Activity 13. Analyze the reliability of a) passwords; b) firewalls c) licenses.
Activity 14. Write a story of mistaken identity.
Activity 15. Describe your personal computer vulnerabilities.
TEST
1 All of these are synonymous to the word “authenticate” EXCEPT FOR:

a) verify b) authorize c) validate d) confirm
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “firewall – security”:
3 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “deny – admit”:
a) general and specific b) contrast c) method and purpose d) part and whole
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “filter – firewall”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole
5 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “character – password”:
6 Which of these is a correct antonym to the adjective “penetrable”:
a) unpenetrable b) inpenetrable c) impenetrable d) non-penetrable
7 All of these mean “cause to become vulnerable or function less effectively” EXCEPT
FOR: a) compromise b) secure c) penetrate d) expose
8 Mark the odd word: a) compromise b) corrupt c) disrupt d) detect
9 Official recognition of sb as possessing certain qualifications or meeting certain
standards is referred to as ___.
a) authentification b) certification c) authorization d) verification
10 Mark the odd word: a) cipher b) code c) encrypt d) decrypt
11 Which of these is antonymous to “confidential”:
a) sensitive b) public c) classified d) proprietary
12 All of these collocate with the adjective “dedicated” EXCEPT FOR:
a) network b) channel c) link d) line
13 Choose the correct preposition: While studying abroad one gets exposed ___ the risks
of cross-cultural misunderstanding. a) for b) to c) at d) by
14 Hackers try to ___ firewalls. a) install b) construct c) bypass d) set up
15 All of these are synonymous to the verb “expose” EXCEPT FOR:
84
a) endanger b) imperil c) peril d) jeopardize
16 The project is doomed ___ failure. a) for b) to c) – d) from
17 One can deny all of these EXCEPT FOR:
a) sb’s right to sth b) access b) a service c) some evidence d) an invitation
18 When scanning images ___ the computer, you digitize them a) on b) in c) into d) to
19 Information categorized as officially secret, access to which requires authorization, is
referred to as ___. a) confidential b) classified c) sensitive d) encrypted
20 Try not to intrude ___ people’s privacy in social networks. a) — b) on c) at d) into
85
Module 8. TRENDS IN IT

1 Accelerate (v) increase in rate, amount, or ~ (a) process/development/tempo/
extent; begin to move more changes/reforms/growth;
quickly accelerated (adj), acceleration (n);
accelerometer (n);
syn. quicken
ant. decelerate
2 Ad hoc (adj) created or done for a an ~ network/test/analysis/
particular purpose as approach/body/committee; resolve sth
necessary ~; do sth on an ~ basis;
adhocracy (n)
Cf. bureaucracy
3 Agile (adj) able to move or think ~ methods/methodology/project
quickly and easily; management/software development
characterized by flexibility agility (n); aglet (agile applet);
and pragmatism, adjusting ant. waterfall
development to customer
needs and goals
4 Amplify (v) increase the volume, ~ (a/n) signal/music/effect/ process/
amplitude of sth like a discussion; amplifier (n);
sound, an electrical signal; amplification (n);
make sth more intense syn. enhance, augment;
ant. reduce, weaken
5 Artificial a branch of computer theoretical/practical aspects/area of
Intelligence (AI) science that aims to program ~; ~ language/research/
computers for reasoning, technology/program;
problem solving, learning, specialize in/study/develop ~;
planning, manipulating un/intelligent (adj), un/intelligently
objects (adv)
6 Application a strategy of using software cluster (n): a ~ of houses/stars /fruit;
clustering to control multiple servers cluster around (v),
to provide fault-tolerant clustered (adj)
systems, quicker responses
and more capable data
management for large
networks
7 Asynchronous not existing or occurring at ~ communication/media/computing;
(adj) the same time; (of ~ with sth;
computing processes) that synchronize with (v), asynchrony,
can start or stop a/synchronously (adv);
independently of other ant. synchronous
processes, which maximizes
computing resources by
utilizing idle times
8 Beta test the second (pre-release) launch/undergo/subject to/stand/pass a
phase of software testing in ~; be on the ~; beta-testing (n);
which a sampling of the Cf. beta version
86
intended audience tries the
product out and reports bugs
back to the developers
9 Best practices commercial or professional ensure/get exposed to/identify/
procedures and standards use/share/promulgate/adopt/gain an
that are globally accepted orinsight into/implement/follow/
prescribed as being correct transfer ~; industry/current ~;
or most effective the latest and ~ of the profession;
the ~ of the 1990
Cf. Big Data, Machine Learning, IoT,
e-gov, e-commerce
10 Biometrics (n) use of biometric traits biometric (adj): ~ authentication/
(fingerprints, eye retina, verification/techniques/method/security
etc.) to verify users’ claimed device; biometrical (adj):
identities when accessing approach/genetics/characteristics;
devices, networks, biometrician (n); bioinformatics (n)
networked or Web syn. biometry
applications
11 Breakthrough a sudden, dramatic, and a major/technological/conceptual/
(n) important discovery or exciting/important/dramatic ~;
development achieve/make a ~; a ~ in sth
12 Bricks and clicks business that existed pre- ~ stores/practices;
Internet which now also syn. physical VS virtual
uses the e-commerce selling Cf. bricks and mortar
technology via the Internet
13 Channel the practice of creating promote/enhance/contribute to ~;
integration (n) consistent messaging and (dis)integrated (adj);
utility across different ant. disintegration
complementing customer
channels such as radio, TV,
printed media, Internet,
direct mailing, call center
operations, making sure that
customers have the same
experience, regardless of the
channel they use
14 Cloud (n) a public or semi-public ~ computing/storage/technology;
space for delivering hosted private/public/hybrid ~ computing
data storage, encapsulation, services
translation and Cf. in-house (storage)
transportation services over
the Internet
15 Cobot (n) a robot that has been create/design/operate a ~;
designed to work in cobotic (adj): a ~ device
collaboration with a human,
as a co-worker would
16 Cutting-edge related to technological ~ technology/equipment;
(adj) devices, techniques or cutting edge (n): the ~ of
achievements that employ science/technology, etc.;
the most current and high- become/gain a sharper/lose/form/give
level IT developments sb/lack/represent/be at/ /stay at the ~;
87
syn. state-of-the-art, leading edge
17 Innovate (v) make changes in sth failure to ~; keep ~ing;
established, especially by ~ competitively; desire to ~;
introducing new methods, innovation (n):
ideas, or products promote/support/introduce ~s;
biotech/latest/breakthrough ~s;
innovator (n) innovatory (adj)
18 Knowledge (n) facts, information, and skills ~ management/economy; ~ base
acquired through experience (n), ~based engineering/economy/
or education; the intellectual approach;
assets of an enterprise, knowledgeable (adj)
system knowledgeability (n)
19 Life hacker (n) any trick, shortcut, skill, or create/invent/design/be a ~;
novelty method that life-hacking (adj): ~ device/
increases productivity and method
efficiency, solves an
everyday problem in an
inspired, ingenious manner
20 Modify (v) make partial or minor ~ a program,/structure/design;
changes to sth modification (n), modified (adj)
modifier (n)
syn. change, adjust, adapt
21 Multi- (prf) related to more than one, ~-purpose/functional/media/
many mode/user; multiply (v);
multiple (adj); multiplicity (n);
multitasking (n)
−9
22 Nano (n) denoting a factor of 10 ~technology/material/fibre/scale/
(one billionth part of sth), particle/tube/second/bot
sth sub-microscopical
23 Neural network a computational model theoretical/practical aspects/area of
based on the structure and ~; ~ research/technology/- program;
functions of biological specialize in/study/develop ~;
neural networks artificial ~
24 Next-generation related to the future, being ~ operational support system/
(adj) in store solutions/computer
25 Open source (n) the original source code in ~ software/protocol/project/product/
software engineering which initiative
is made freely available to
the public and may be
redistributed and modified
26 Outsourcing (n) using external sources to IT/partial/total ~; use/resort to ~;
provide service and support outsource (v): ~ services/
operations facilities;
ant. insourcing
27 3-D printing (n) an additive manufacturing develop/introduce~; the cost/
process that builds layers to opportunity/introduction of ~;
create a three-dimensional 3-D printer (n)
solid object from a digital
model
28 4-D printing (n) an additive manufacturing develop/practice/introduce ~;
that prints objects capable of the cost/opportunity/introduction of ~;
88
transformation and, in some 4-D printer (n)
cases, of self-assembly
29 -proof (adj) never-failing, protected water/fool/bullet/sound/
from earthquake~
30 Quantum a would-be programming, in develop/practice/introduce ~;
programming which calculations are based the cost/opportunity/introduction of ~;
(n) on the behavior of particles ant. binary computer programming
at the sub-atomic level,
capable of executing far
more millions of
instructions per second
(MIPS) than before because
the data units can exist in
more than one state at a time
31 Real-time (adj) a level of computer ~ decisions/technology/system/
responsiveness that a user solutions/software/signal processing
senses as sufficiently ant. virtual time
immediate, occurring in
actual time
32 R&D (related to) researching and ~ department/organization/ budget
developing new products or allocation
technologies
33 Recognition (n) software ability to digitize voice/speech/face/gesture/optical
real-life visual information character ~;
recognize (v), ir/recognizable (adj)
34 Remote (adj) distant; in computing: about ~ from sth; ~ control/access/
a device which can only be terminal/ location/area/
accessed via a network administration tool/alarm sensor;
remoteness (n), remotely (adv) ant.
nearby, local
35 Robot (n) a machine capable of build/construct/design/create/
carrying out a complex control a ~; interactive/industrial ~;
series of actions ~ control;
automatically, especially robotic (adj): ~ industry/
one programmable by a movement/mechanism/precision/
computer system; robotics (n): law of ~; ~
technology; robotize (v)
Cf. cobot
36 Smart (adj) having or showing a quick- look ~; a ~ device/phone/home/
witted intelligence; any type city/Aleck; smartly (adv), smartness
of equipment, instrument, or (n);
machine that is programmed syn. intelligent
to be capable of some ant. dumb
independent action
37 Social media a catch-all term for a variety use/support/develop/invent ~;
(n, pl.) of Internet applications that medium (n, sing): ~ of
allow users to create content exchange/instruction; provide a ~
and interact with each other for sth; mediate (v), intermediate
by sharing and commenting (adj), intermediary (n)
on links, photos, videos and syn. civic media
posting public updates, etc. Cf. SMM (social media marketing)
89
38 Tele- (prf) far off; to or at a distance ~ vision/phone/transportation/
kinesis/commuting/communication/
marketing
39 Tolerant (adj) (of a plant, animal, or failure/fault~; ~ of pollution/high
machine) able to endure temperature; fault~ data
specified conditions or protection/technology;
treatment toleration (n), (in)tolerance (n),
(in)tolerantly (adv);
ant. intolerant
40 Viral (adj, n) (of an image, video, piece of a ~ advertising campaign/marketing;
information, etc.) circulated go ~; viral (n): the rise of ~s;
rapidly and widely from one virally (adv)
Internet user to another:
1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available: http://www.techopedia.com/definition

[Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]
2. Computer glossary, Techtarget dictionary and encyclopedia. [Online]. Available:
http://bnc.bl.uk/saraWeb.php?qy=best+practices&mysubmit=Go [Accessed: 24 Oct. 2015]
3. Online tech dictionary for IT professionals, IT Business Edge. [Online]. Available:
http://www.webopedia.com/ [Accessed: 22 Oct., 2015]
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Give synonyms and/or antonyms:
1. quantum programming
2. agile
3. accelerate
4. synchronous
5. integrated
6. real time
7. remote
8. tolerant

multiple
modify
recognition
in/tolerantly
amplify
intelligent
robot
90
Noun Target vocabulary unit
-proof
nano-
remote
tele-
1. waterfall A. a business management and corporate culture model based on the

ability to adapt quickly to changing conditions
2. insourcing B. the underlying set of facts, assumptions, and rules which a
computer system has available to solve a problem
3. adhocracy C. characterized by sequential stages and a fixed plan of work
4. knowledge base D. separating the IS department from the enterprise, usually as a
business unit measured by its own profit and loss
5. tolerant E. circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another
91
6. viral F. able to endure specified conditions or treatment
1. These teacher-student interactions are asynchronous, ____ each other.

2. The invention of fiber-optic communication was a major breakthrough ___ the field of
computing.
3. We should make the world more tolerant ___people with physical and intellectual disabilities
4. While studying in the US one gets exposed ___ the best practices in the computer industry.
5. The 750 series SSDs were ___ the cutting edge of storage technologies
6. Cost-conscious companies resort ___ outsourcing as a way to reduce overhead expenses.
7. 3D printers can create a three-dimensional solid object ___ a digital model
Activity 6. Fill in the blanks with the words “-tolerant”, “-proof”, “multi-“, “tele-“”-free”
1. It will be a wrist-watch shaped device that permits instantaneous ___ portation to the zones
where the keys are hidden.
2. ___ sensory devices are now trending.
3. I'm going to seal off the back of the car with a sheet of sound- ___ glass.
4. This set of computer equipment has a water- ___ box for a printer.
5. The device is not at all fault-___
6. They are very well designed and totally bug-___.
7. He had never favoured ___ pathy as a means of communication.
8. The receiver is quite fool-___ and generally consists of a few basic components.

1. cobot – robot a. general and specific
2. cutting-edge – state-of-the-art b. cause and effect
3. water-proof - water-resistant c. contrast
4. smart – dumb d. method and purpose
5. remote access – telecommuting e. part and whole
6. breakthroughs – smarter devices
7. viral advertizing- advertizing f. equivalence
8. agile – flexible
Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about innovations and comment on it:
92
life-hacking
nanotechnology
cloud computing
beta testing
biometrics
a fool-proof device
open source
Activity 9. Do a mini-research and еxplain the difference between the following concepts
using the Venn diagram below:
quantum programming- binary programming

bricks and clicks
outsourcing – insourcing
commuting – telecommuting
3D printing – 4D printing
cutting edge – bleeding edge
R & D (research and development)
Similarities
1. ________________ 1. ________________
2. ________________ 1. ________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 2. ________ 3. ________________
4. ________________ 3. ________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
93
Activity 10. Give examples of the devices which may be called:
multi-purpose
multi-mode
multi-user
multi-functional
multi-media
fault-tolerant
ad hoc
Activity 11. Outline the major advantages of:
channel integration
biometric identification
cloud storage
cobotic devices
asynchronous computing
beta testing
optical character recognition
Activity 12. Name 3 major breakthroughs in computing and explain their significance.
Activity 13. Do a mini-research and briefly characterize:

1. Knowledge economy
2. Quantum programming
3. Real-time technology
4. Bricks and clicks practices
Activity 14. Semantic mapping: Draw a diagram reflecting the latest innovation trends in IT
development.
Activity 15. Analyze your computer experience and identify the areas in which it lags behind
the best practices in the industry.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “bricks - clicks”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “robot - cobot”:
3 Which of these correlate as general- specific?
a) biometrics – fingerprint b) biometrics – nanotechnology c) biometrics – face
recognition d) biometrics – personal identification
4 Which of these relates to a method of project management that is characterized by
sequential stages and a fixed plan of work:
94
a) waterfall b) flexible c) agile d) ad hoc
5 The practice of using an organization’s own personnel or other resources to
accomplish a task is referred to as ___ .
a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing
6 The use of an original source code in software engineering which is made freely
available and may be redistributed and modified is referred to ___.
a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing
7 Additive manufacturing that prints objects capable of transformation and, in some
cases, of self-assembly is known as ___ D printing. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
8 This program is very well designed and totally ___proof.
a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet
9 This car has ___ proof windows. a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet
10 The supposed ability to move objects at a distance by mental power or other non-
physical means is known as tele___ .
a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing
11 Promotion of goods or services by means of telephone calls, typically unsolicited, to
potential customers is known as tele___ .
a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing
12 Mark the odd word:
a) cutting-edge b) state-of-the-art c) adhocracy d) leading edge
13 The property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the
breakdown of some of its components is called failure__.
a) tolerant b) tolerance c) toleration d) tolerantly
14 Any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and
efficiency, solves an everyday problem in an inspired, ingenious manner is called
(a/n) ___ . a) breakthrough b) life hacking c) innovation d) best practice
15 The video went ___ and was seen by millions. a) virus b) viral c) virtual d) virtuous
16 Mark the odd word: a) enhance b) augment c) amplify d) modify
17 A strategy of using software to control multiple servers to provide fault-tolerant
systems, quicker responses and more capable data management for large networks is
known as application ___.
a) clustering b) integration c) outsourcing d) amplification
18 The second (pre-release) phase of software testing in which a sampling of the
intended audience tries the product out and reports bugs back to the developers is
called ____ test. a) alpha b) beta c) gamma d) delta
19 The nouns “control”, “access”, “terminal”, “ location”, “area” collocate with the
word ____ . a) demote b) remote c) promote d) commote
20 Voice ___ is computer analysis of the human voice, especially for the purposes of
interpreting words and phrases or identifying an individual voice.
a) identification b) acknowledgement c) recognition d) perception
95
SPECIFIC PART
Module 10. DATA STORAGE

1 Access (v) the means or opportunity to ~ mode/provider/time/code;
approach or enter a place direct/easy/memory ~; ~ to sth;
block/deny/provide/have/gain ~;
access (v): ~ sth via/from sth;
(in)accessible (adj), (in)accessibility
(n)
2 Archive (n) a collection of data objects, local/national/official/personal/
perhaps with associated private ~; keep/store/put/save in an
metadata, in a storage ~; archival (adj): ~ research/paper/
system whose primary design/information/ footage/
purpose is its long-term document;
preservation and retention archive (v):
~ a(n) message/item/project
3 Array (n) an indexed set of related broad/diverse/extensive/huge/disk/
elements, an ordered ragged/processor ~;
arrangement of data hold/show/generate an ~ of sth;
(numbers, symbols, etc.) arrayed (v): ~ elements/panels/
organized in rows and numbers
columns syn. arrangement, assortment
4 Backup (n) a copy of the digital data to provide/store/replace/need/make a ~;
be stored and used as a ~ copy; backup (v):
replacement in case the ~ (a) file/data/hard disk/ internal
main copy is either deleted memory/system;
or corrupted
5 Bit (n) the smallest unit of ~ map/pad/error/rate/depth/bucket
information that can be
stored in a computer
6 Blu-ray (n) a DVD format designed for ~ disc/movie;
the storage of high- available/video games on ~
definition video and data
7 Buffer (n) a temporary memory for use sth as a ~; a ~ against
data, normally used to ~ overflow/register;
accommodate the difference buffering (n)
in the rate at which two
devices can handle data
during a transfer
8 Byte (n) the amount of memory ~ span/order/code;
space needed to store one kilo/mega/giga/tera~;
character, which is normally
8 bits
9 Capacity (n) the maximum amount that high/large/seating ~; be filled/packed
sth can contain to ~; enlarge ~; at full ~; in the ~ of a
programmer
ant. incapacity
96
10 Cache (v) store away in hiding or for ~ memory/controller; data/external/
future use workspace/secondary ~;
cacheing/caching (adj); cached (adj);
cacheable (adj): ~ web services/data;
syn. store, hide
11 CD (n) a small round piece of hard ~ player/coaster;
(compact disc) plastic with sound recorded save to a ~; copy from/to a ~
on it or computer
information stored on it
12 Compress (v) minimize the space required ~ data/file/audio/graphics/movie;
for storage or transmittal of compressibility (n), compression (n),
sth compressible (adj), compressed (adj);
ant. decompress
13 Convert (v) change the form, character, ~ from/to; ~ (n)file/document/image/
or function of sth; change audio; convertible (adj): ~
media or recording type disk/security/version/car;
from one format to another convertibility (n), conversion (n);
syn. change
14 Data (n) facts and statistics collected ~ abstraction/acquisition/bus/
together for reference or integrity /link/mining/network/
analysis; information in a reduction/retrieval/storage;
form that a computer can meta/primary/raw ~ ;
use manipulate/capture/compress/
contain/enter/file/manipulate/collect/
retrieve/store ~;
Big ~ feed/technology/analysis;
Cf. DBMS
15 Download (v) transfer information from a ~ data/file/attachment/program/
server/remote computer information/video/ record/software;
system to the users downloader (n); downloadable (adj):
~ font/character/format/toolbar/
software;
reload (v) unload (v);
ant. upload
16 Erase (v) rub out or remove ~ completely/virtually/partially from;
previously written data ~ a document /file/data/command/
information/link/image;
erasure (n), (un)erasable (adj): ~
ink/memory/chip/ drive; eraser (n);
syn. delete
17 Extend (v) make larger; increase the ~ from/to/over sth; ~ the
portion of available storage time/period/area;
space extension (n): ~ agent/wire/cord;
extendable (adj), extensibility (n);
syn. expand; ant. reduce
18 File (n) a collection of data, computer/extension/(un)readable/
programs, etc. stored in a personal/command/configuration/
computer's memory under a index/text ~; ~ format/ integrity/
single identifying name manager/name/protection/system/
transfer/viewer/server/;
delete/restore/create a ~ ;
97
filer (n), filing (n)
19 Flash (n) a sudden brief burst of ~ card/memory/drive; electronic ~;
bright light; a sudden, brief in a ~; flashing (adj): a ~ signal/rate;
or repeated display of flashlight
information on a TV or
computer screen
20 Format (n) a defined structure for the large/small/standard ~; in a/the ~;
processing, storage, or compress/develop/accept/delete/save
display of data a(the) ~; format (v): ~ a
file/disk/USB/computer/hard drive;
formatting (n), formatted (v),
reformat (v), reformatted (adj)
21 Fragment (n) an isolated or incomplete fix/restore/repair/restriction/recover a
part of sth ~ ; a ~ of sth; fragmentary (adj);
(de)fragmentation (n) : ~ level ;
task/policy/file ~ ; defragmenter (n):
database ~;
ant. defragment
22 Keyword (n) a word used to classify or access/identify/add/file/enter/type/
organize digital content, or use a ~ ;
to facilitate an online search ~ combination/search/directory
for information
23 Library (n) a collection of computer use/be available at/have access to a
software that someone can ~; search/scan/show/create a ~;
buy or borrow ~ loader; program/subroutine ~;
librarian (n)
syn. archive
24 Memory (n) the part of a computer in ~ card/cycle/chip/guard/map/
which data or program protection/stick;
instructions are stored for internal/external/main/immediate/
retrieval read-only/ computer/virtual ~;
restore/lose/recover ~
25 Overwrite (v) get rid of information in a ~ a file/database/text/character;
computer file by replacing it overwritten (adj), overwriting (n)
with other information
26 Page (n) a section of memory that is web/home/current/full ~;
accessible at one time create/update/generate/design a ~;
paging (n)
27 Preserve (v) keep something intact or ~ data/privacy/identity/evidence/
prevent it from being integrity/policy/ system; preservation
damaged or destroyed (n);
syn. save; ant. destroy
28 Query (n) a user's formal request for Boolean/database/personal/specific/s
information, usually to a earch/structure ~; ~ language/
database or search engine processor/operation;
have/deal with/send/make a ~;
Cf. SQL
29 Record (n) a number of related items of keep/track/save/manage/add/
information which are database ~;
handled as a unit recorded (adj), recordable (adj): ~
CD/DVD/variable/system/document
98
30 Recover (v) the process by which ~ (a) data/document/file/function/
databases are rebuilt after a memory/time/ damage; recoverer (n),
system fails (ir)recoverable (adj);
syn. restore
31 Register (v) enter in or record on an ~ a(n) account/status/user/complaint/
official list or directory concern/copyright/equipment/
change; registered (adj);
register (n): remove sb from /enter in
the ~;
registration (n), registry (n),
registrable (adj)
32 Restore (v) retrieve information that ~ data/information/program/account/
was lost from a hard disk to window/button/file/order/
its former condition directory/drive; restored (adj),
restorable (adj), restoration (n);
syn. recover
33 Restrict (v) limit the access of a user to ~ access/connection/user/payment/
confidential or sensitive time/procedure;
data available under secure ~ oneself; restriction (n),
conditions (un)restricted (adj);
syn. limit
34 Retention (n) the continued possession, data/e-mail/record/information ~;
use, or control of sth; the ~ rate/level/position/period/policy;
amount of time, in days, that retentive (adj), retain (v)
inactive backed-up or syn. preservation
archived files are kept in the
storage pool before they are
deleted
35 Retrieve (v) copy archived information ~ information/data/file/change/
from the storage pool to the possession/memory/content/
workstation for use document/item/record; ~ from;
retrieval: information ~;
(ir)retrievable (adj), (ir)retrievability
(n)
36 Store (v) collect and put sth into one ~ a file/information/message/text/
location for future use document;
~ carefully/properly/safely; storage
(n):
media/cloud/tiered/real/nonvolatile/
fixed/ centralized ~; off/on-line ~;
~ capacity;
storable (adj), stored (adj)
37 Subscribe (v) arrange to receive sth (a ~ to a(an) magazine/newspaper/
publication), regularly by journal/channel/internet/service;
paying in advance; arrange subscription (n), subscriber,
for access to an electronic subscribable (adj);
mailing list or online service ant. unsubscribe
38 Track (v) follow the development or data/fast/right/diplomatic ~; on ~;
progress of sth keep ~ of sth;
~ changes/record/error/gauge;
tracker (n), trackable (adj),
99
tracking (v)
39 Upload (v) transfer information from a ~ data/a document/a file/an archive
users’ system to a remote uploaded (adj)
system server ant. download
40 WORM (Write any storage medium that ~ device/option;
Once Read allows a computer to save a ~ disc
Many) information once
1) Oxford reference. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available:

http://www.oxfordreference.com [Accessed: 12 Oct. 2015]
2) Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available:
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]
3) Word reference. [Online]. Available: http://www.wordreference.com [Accessed: 26 Sept.
2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. erase
2. format
3. retention
4. preserve
5. archive
6. backup
7. cache

1. subscribe
2. fragment
3. compress
4. upload
5. extend
6. preserve
7. compress
record
store
archive
compressible
subscribe
retentive
accessibly

1. The hall is packed __ capacity.
100
2. The enormous range of music available ___ compact discs at considerably less than premium
price is breathtaking.
3. Linux is seeking permission ___ commercial companies to publish an index of data held.
4. A 100Mbps data bus is used to download video data ___ a single operation.
5. You don't have to switch on the computer, load the program and recall a file___ discs.
6. You can use a standard format to catalogue datasets ___ information retrieval.
7. The PCX format starts ___ a 128 byte header.
Activity 5. Complete the table with words that form strong partnerships with the target
vocabulary units:
a file
memory
preserve
1. data A. a user's request for information, generally as a formal request to a

database or search engine
2. track B. follow the development or progress of something
3. WORM C. store away in hiding or for future use
4. cache D. information in a form that a computer can use only; specific facts and
statistics collected together for reference or analysis
5. query E. any storage medium that allows a computer to save information once
6. format F. a collection of computer software that someone can buy or borrow
7. library G. a defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data
Example Type of logical relations

1. file – archive A. general and specific
2. backup – mirror B. cause and effect
3. download – upload C. contrast
101
4. erase – loss of data D. method and purpose
5. library – storage E. part and whole
6. expand – reduce
F. equivalence
7. CD – CDR
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about data storage and comment on it:
1. archive
2. backup
3. Blue-ray
4. CD
5. cache
6. storage
7. WORM
1. digitization
2. faxing
3. refurbishment
4. optimization
5. swapping
6. configuration
7. restoration
Activity 11. Discuss the data storage devices you use, their advantages and disadvantages.
Activity 12. Arrange the following data in the descending order of priority and share the
results with your partner(s).
e-mails music games photos documents applications movies/videos
Activity 13. Analyze in groups of 4 the data storage methods (cloud storage, CD/DVD, HDR,
etc.) in terms of their pros and cons as the most appropriate way to keep the given entities:
How best to store them? Pros Cons
102
digital photos
books
music
passport
memories
below:
1. bit – byte
2. subscribe – purchase
3. cache – store
4. retrieve – restore
5. online storage – external hard drives
6. CD – Blu-ray
7. overwrite – erase
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________
4. ______________ 4. ______________
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 15. Make a comparative analysis of the traditional and innovatory data storage
methods. Make projections into the data storage perspectives in the future.
TEST
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “retention - preservation”:
1
a) general and specific b) contrast c) equivalence d) part and whole
Which of these means “remove previously written data”:
2
a) erase b) extend c) expand d) expose
A defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data is referred to as a
3
___. a) fragment b) library c) archive d) format
A collection of related data records stored in a computer memory is referred to as
4
___. a) document b) file c) data d) page folder
All of these are synonymous to the verb “cache” EXCEPT FOR:
5
a) stash b) divulge c) hide d) conceal
Which of these adjectives is WRONG:
6
a) cacheable b) convertable c) downloadable d) recoverable
7 Any storage medium that allows a computer to save information once is referred to
103
as a ___. a) WORM b) ROM c) DVD d) CD
Which of these means “increase the portion of available storage space; cause to last
8
longer”: a) expand b) extend c) enlarge d) augment
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “data – archive”:
9
Which of these is synonymous to the word “recover”:
10
a) break b) damage c) restore d) destroy
The ___ mode, as its name suggests, erases existing text to the right of the cursor
11 replacing it automatically with your alteration.
a) rewrite b) delete c) overwrite d) retrieve
The amount of memory space needed to store one character, which is normally 8 bits
12
is referred to as ___. a) byte b) bit c) data d) capacity
What is the logical relationship between the concepts “download – upload”:
13
All of these collocate with the adjective “restricted” EXCEPT FOR:
14 a) access b) area c) password d) space
15 This videogame is available ___ Blu Ray. a) on b) to c) in d)at
The files are automatically compressed so they're small enough to send ____ e-mail.
16
a) for b) to c) via d) by
Which of these suffixes is used to form an antonym to the adjective “retrievable”: a)
17
un b) in c) ir d) non-
CD, DVD and Blue Ray differ in all of these EXCEPT FOR:
18 a) the method of information recording b) the volume of information they may store
c) the type of information they may store d) the number of layers they contain
Query and request differ in all of these EXCEPT FOR ____ .
19
a) field of use b) degree of generality c) part of speech d) style
A unit of information equal to one million or, strictly, 1,048,576 bytes is called a
20
____byte. a) mega b) tera c) kilo d) bit
104
Module 11. NETWORKS

1 Address (n) the place where a person or ~ mapping/mask/resolution/space;
organization can be found MAC/IP/destination/source/
or communicated with; a hardware/physical/global ~;
numerical designation that address (v): ~ a letter; addressee (n);
uniquely refers to a specific addressed (adj): ~ call;
communication entity addressable (adj): ~ memory/area/
storage; addressing (n):
absolute/abbreviated ~;
readdress (v); unaddress (v)
2 Allocate (v) assign available resources ~ memory/space/resources/funds;
to various uses allocation (n): budget ~s; allocated
(adj);
syn. assign, allot, distribute
3 Backbone (n) the column of bones in the the ~ of sth; the city/country/system ~;
back which sustains and ~ access/area/bus/cable/capacity;
gives firmness to the frame; provide/constitute a ~;
the spine; transmit via/lay a ~
a central network that
provides a pathway for
other networks to
communicate
4 Bandwidth (n) a data transfer capacity or ~ allocation/capacity/assignment;

data rate measured in bits widen/reduce/provide a high ~;
a ~ of 450 MHz;
syn. frequency range
5 Bridge (n) a wooden, stone, brick, or ~ forwarding/number;
iron structure erected over a build a ~ between sth and sth;
river or railroad to make a bridge (v): ~ a crack/gap/
passageway from one side telephone/digital divide
to the other;
a device that limits traffic
between two network
segments by filtering the
data between them based on
hardware addresses
6 Broadcast (n) an information transmission television/radio/live/news ~;

to all entities capable of ~ address/port/net;
receiving it broadcasting (n), broadcast (v);
syn. transmission
7 Cable (n) an insulated wire or wires coaxial/fiber-optic ~; ~ access/
having a protective adapter/address/adjustment;
casing and used for (dis)connect/lay a ~;
105
transmitting electricity or cable (adj): ~ connection;
telecommunication signals syn. cord, wire
8 Channel (n) a communication path ~ access/abandonment/bandwidth;

channelization (n);
transmit data/packets over a ~;
syn. pathway, tunnel, route
9 Collision (n) an event in which two or ~ line/avoidance/detection;
more bodies exert forces on data/memory ~; collide (v);
each other for a relatively collider (n); avoid/minimize ~;
short time syn. bump, crash
10 Connect (v) set a link between two (or ~ a bus/cable/call/consumer;
more) devices ~ to the Internet/network;
connectivity (n): hot ~;
connected (adj), connector (n),
connection (n): provide/support/break
a~;
syn. hook up, join
ant. disconnect, disjoin
11 Dial-up (adj) connection using a modem ~ line/modem/access/connection;
via a telephone company set up a ~ connection;
network dial (v): ~ the number
12 Domain (n) an area of territory owned ~ record/name;

or controlled by a particular own/enter/register/promote a ~;
ruler or government, a public ~;
specified sphere of activity Cf. DNS
or knowledge; a distinct
subset of the Internet with
addresses sharing a
common suffix or under the
control of a particular
organization or individual
13 Duplex (adj) communication flowing in ~ transmission;

both directions full/half ~
simultaneously
14 Echo (n) a reflection of sound, ~ check/cancellation;

arriving at the listener some cloud/electric/talker/multiple ~;
time after the direct sound; spread/check/cancel ~;
a network continuity test echo (v): ~ a command/packet;
where packets are sent to a syn. imitation, reflection, repetition
distant node that is
obligated to immediately
send the packets back
15 Ethernet a standard way to connect ~ provider/connection/bus/cable/

computers on a bridge/adapter/access/card;
network over fast/gigabit/thin ~;
a wired connection (dis)connect from/to the ~;
106
16 Flow (n) steady and continuous work/data /traffic/gas ~;
movement (of a liquid, gas, ~ control/sheet; ~ of
or electricity) in a current or refugees/current/program;
stream; movement of control/restrict/stop a ~;
packets or data from a flow (v);
source to a destination syn. movement, stream
17 Forward (v) send (a letter or email) on to ~ a packet/data/message;

a further destination; send a forward (adj): ~ error correction;
frame toward its ultimate forwarding (n): packet ~;
destination via an internet- forwarded (adj); reforward (adj);
connected device ant. block
18 Framework (n) a structure for supporting architecture/adaptability/application/

sthg, especially a skeletal logical ~; ~ -oriented design/class;
support for a construction; under/within the ~;
standard structure of a legal/practical/broad/supporting ~;
network build up/set up a ~;
syn. plan, scheme, structure
19 Frequency (n) the number of occurrences (light, sound) wave/processor/natural/
of a repeated event per unit negative/normalized ~;
of time, esp. in measuring ~ range/converter/deviation/
the speed or the rate of distribution/spectrum;
sound, radio and light control ~; frequent (adj):
waves ~ replication/changes;
frequently (adv): ~ occurring mistake;
frequenter (n);
syn. density, recurrence
ant. infrequency
20 Hub (n) the effective centre of an e-mail/Ethernet/USB ~; (dis)connect a
activity, region, or network; ~; hub (v): ~ a computer/devices on a
a central Ethernet-based network;
connection syn. centre, nucleus, kernel
21 Hotspot (n) a Wi-Fi network access ~ connection/controller;

point or area airport/railway station/mobile ~;
find/(dis)connect to (from) a ~;
place/(re)locate/give access to a ~
22 Host (n) one who receives guests in act as a ~; play ~ to sth; a ~ of sth;
a social or official capacity; ~ address/ number/node; host (v): ~ a
a computer that acts as a conference/meeting/ event;
server for other computers syn. mother computer, Internet node;
on a network ant. guest, visitor
23 Latency (n) the state of existing but not ~ period/mode/optimization/of
yet being developed or recovery; network ~; suffer from ~;
manifest; the time interval syn. delay, access time, response time
between initiating a
process, and receiving the
results; the time required
107
for a computer on a
network to respond to a
request
24 Layer (n) a single thickness of a a thick/thin/insulating/ozone ~ ;
material covering a surface a ~ of dust; create/change/remove/
or forming an overlying place in a ~; cover sth with a ~ of sth;
part; ~ address/mode/optimization;
a group of communication internet/memory/upper/physical/
functions and the protocols transport/user/application ~;
implemented therein syn. stratum
Cf. Secure Sockets Layer
25 Network (n) a group or system of a ~ of institutions/organizations/
interconnected people or professionals; dedicated/corporate/
things; a collection of cable television/dial up/in-house/
computers, servers, local/wireless/Internet/intra/extra/
mainframes, network bot/local/optical/communication/
devices, peripherals, or enterprise/free/ radio ~;
other devices connected to ~ adapter/address/administrator/
one another allowing for architecture/interface/layer/
data to be shared and used management/devices;
connect to/penetrate into/hack a ~;
syn. structure, system
Cf. LAN, WAN, WLAN
26 Noise (n) sound of any kind; video signal /random/short/
disturbance that interferes spontaneous ~; ~ filter/source;
with data transmission make/produce/block/remove/
and corrupts the quality of get rid of ~;
the signal noisy (adj), noisily (adv);
ant. silence
27 Packet (n) a paper or cardboard a ~ of crisps/sugar/tea/flour;
container, typically one in ~ flow/access/address/analysis/
which goods are sold; a sniffer/corruption; single/data/
small amount of computer request/corrupted ~;
data sent over a network send/readdress/trace a ~;
syn. datagram
28 Protocol (n) the accepted or established communications/network/transport/
code of procedure or interface/internet ~; the established ~;
behaviour in any group, conform to/follow/infringe on a ~;
organization, or situation; a Cf. ftp, smtp, http, https, VOIP,
standard set of rules used to TCP/IP, FTP
define a method of
exchanging data over a
computer network
29 Receiver (n) a person who gets or pick up a ~; ~ account;

accepts sth that has been a satellite/radio /television/call ~;
sent or given to them; a receive (v): ~ a call/message/signal;
piece of radio or television reception (n), recipient (n);
apparatus that detects syn. accept, get
108
broadcast signals and ant. transmit, send
converts them into visible
or audible form
30 Route (n) an established line of travel a scenic/railway/train ~;

or access; the path a close/take/change/choose/
network packet takes to send over a ~;
reach its destination alternate/default/direct/main ~;
route (v): ~ a cable/signal/message;
router (n); routing (n); routed (adj);
syn. direction, itinerary, track, trail
31 Server (n) a computer that ~ adapter/address/administration/
provides data to other application/architecture;
computers file/web/network/print ~;
program/build/maintain/
administer a ~;
ant. client
32 Session (n) a period devoted to a a(n) training/induction/
particular activity; an on- parliamentary/editing/user/multiple ~;
going relationship between set/conduct/attend/organize/
two computers involving cancel a ~; charge per ~; chair a ~;
the allocation of resources syn. conference, period
and sustained data flow
33 Signal (n) a gesture, action, or sound transmit/send/restrict/clear a ~;

that is used to convey analog/digital/light/discrete/traffic ~;
information or instructions; ~ speed/flare/adapter; a ~ to stop/
an electrical impulse or turn right; signal (v);
radio wave transmitted or signaling (adj)
received
34 Switch (n) a device for making and multiple/backbone/optical/packet/

breaking the connection in manual ~; switch (v): ~ on/off;
an electric circuit; a unit switching (n): packet ~
used to network multiple
computers together
35 Telephony (n) the working or use of ~ communication/ application/
telephones; a technology control/board/backbone; IP ~;
that enables a user to radio/voice/wireless ~;
receive and make calls telephone (n, v);
through their computer syn. transmission, call
36 Telecommunicati the process of transmitting ~ access/bandwidth/path/route/
on (n) data electronically over any channel/satellite;
communications line commercial/industrial/land/cellular ~;
send/intercept ~;
telecommute (v)
37 Terminal (n) the end of a railway or bus/ferry/airport ~;
other transport route, or a network/idle/virtual/teller/office ~;
station at such a point; a program/access/disable/build/
109
simple device with a adjust a ~; terminate (v): ~ a
monitor and a keyboard, at process/action;
which data can be entered syn. station
into or retrieved from a Cf. hub
network
38 Transmit (v) cause sth to pass on from ~ a message/signal; transmission (n):

one person or place to ~ path/route/cable, one way/parallel/
another; send packets of serial/optical/voice/packet ~;
data across a network transmitter (n);
syn. disseminate, transfer, pass on
ant. receive
39 Topology (v) the physical configuration bus/ring/tree/star/network/system ~;
of a network that build/configure a ~;
determines how the topological (adj):
network computers are ~ analysis/function/approach
connected
40 Wireless (adj) a system that provides ~ access/control/microphone/
communication without the connection;
use of wires syn. Wi-Fi, mobile, cellular
ant. wired, cable, landline
1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press Inc. – 2010.
2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press. – 2010.
3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. – 8-е изд.,
испр. и доп. Mасловский Е.К. – 2008.
программированию (6-е изд., испр. и доп.). – Э.М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий – 2011.
ACTIVITIES
1. allocate
2. bandwidth
3. cable
4. channel
5. framework
6. session
7. hub
1. connect
2. receiver
3. frequency
4. noise
5. server
6. transmit
110
7. wireless

forwarding
transmit
collided
connectedly
frequent
address -
1. Data from US to Europe is transmit _____ the biggest underwater backbone.

2. Packets were sent ______ an alternative route.
3. You’d better not set _____ a dial-up connection as it is very slow.
4. With dynamic IP address, users get disconnected _____ the Internet on average after
every 24 hours session.
5. Quantum computer will be created as soon as scientists figure out how to get rid ____
noise and vibrations.
6. The most frequent Internet crime is infringement ____ his privacy.
7. I’m very busy! Could you pick _____ the receiver
vocabulary units:
broadcast
a hotspot

packet
111
layer
a terminal
network
telecommunication
1. domain A. communication flowing in both directions simultaneously

2. duplex B. a unit used to network multiple computers together
3. echo C. a group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a
common set of rules
4. flow D. a computer that acts as a server for other computers on a network
5. host E. movement of packets or data from a source to a destination
6. switch F. a technology that enables a user to receive and make calls through their
computer
7. telephony G. the physical configuration of a network that determines how the network
computers are connected
8. topology H. a network continuity test where packets are sent to a distant node that is
obligated to immediately send the packets back
112

1. hotspot – wireless connection A. general and specific
2. LAN – WAN B. cause and effect
3. route – itinerary C. contrast
4. host – guest D. equivalence
5. dial-up connection – long response time E. part and whole
6. address – MAC F. method and purpose
7. cable - wire
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about the Web and comment on it:
1. backbone
2. bridge
3. DNS
4. hub
5. hotspot
6. SSL
7. topology
below:
LAN – WAN - WLAN

full-duplex – half-duplex
DNS - provider
bridge - hub
Differences Differences 113
Similarities
2. ________________ 1. ________ 1. ________________
3. ________________ 2. ________ 2. ________________
4. ________________ 3. ________ 3. ________________
5. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________
Activity 11. Do a mini-research and explain the difference between types of network topology.
Which type of topology is the most popular? Why?
1. Star topology
2. Ring topology
3. Bus topology
4. Tree topology
Activity 12. Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of:
Connection Advantages Disadvantages

1. wired connection
2. wireless connection
3. satellite connection
4. backbone connection
5. dial-up connection
6. mobile connection
Activity 13. Name at least 3 popular domains of the 1st and 2nd level.
Activity 14. Give definition of the Internet protocol. Say what the following types of protocols
are used for:
1. TCP/IP
2. MTP
3. HTTPS
4. VOIP
5. FTP
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and characterize different types of cables. Say where and
when they are used.
1. coaxial cable
2. twisted pair cable
3. fiber-optic cable
Activity 16. Name 3 public hotspots closest to your house. Say when and why you use them?
114
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between “dial-up connection” and “long response
time”: a) general – specific b) cause and effect c) part – whole d) equivalence
2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “LAN - WAN”: a) general and
specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole
3 What is the logical relationship between “hotspot” and “wireless connection”:
4 All of these are synonymous to the word “latency” EXCEPT FOR:
a) response time b) delay c) access time d) period
5 A unit used to network multiple computers together is known as a ___.
a) duplex b) bridge c) switch d) link
6 The physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computers
are connected is known as ___.
a) topology b) protocol c) backbone d) duplex
7 Star, bus and tree are examples of ___.
a) protocols b) network topology c) domains d) transmission
8 A standard set of rules used to define a method of exchanging data over a computer
network is known as ___: a) protocol b) framework c) topology d) domain
9 A group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of
rules is known as ___: a) domain b) topology c) network d) hotspot
10 All of these collocate with the adjective “broadcast” EXCEPT FOR:
a) news b) media c) television d) duplex
11 All of these collocate with the noun “terminal” EXCEPT FOR:
a) enable b) infringe c) adjust d) access
12 All of these collocate with the noun “network” EXCEPT FOR:
a) dedicated b) echo c) corporate d) local easy
13 Big amount of data is quickly transmitted ____ a backbone.
a) through b) inside c) via d) along
14 Please, pick ___ the receiver. a) with b) in c) up d) on
15 It is almost impossible to get rid ___ noise in the network.
a) from b) with c) of d) on
16 He was ___ a little room in the dormitory.
a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned
17 Such students will be ___ a special task for the summer.
a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned
18 Mark the odd word: a) addressable b) addressing c) addressed d) address
19 Mark the odd word: a) protocol b) framework c) scheme d) structure
20 All of these are synonymous to the word “channel” EXCEPT FOR:
a) pathway b) tunnel c) route d) road
115
Module 12. PROGRAMMING

1 Algorithm (n) a process or set of rules ~ analysis/approach/design/theory/
to be followed in validation/-based/-specific;
calculations or other create/follow/build/fulfill an ~;
problem-solving algorithmic (adj): ~ access/error/diagram/
operations, especially method/pattern/technique/language;
by a computer algorithmization (n);
syn. method, pattern
2 Applet (n) a very small Java ~;
application, especially a ~ version/display area/viewer/virus;
utility program download/set up/(un)install an ~
performing one or a few
simple functions
3 Array (n) an impressive display ~ access/analysis/bound/chip/data/
or range of a particular component/element/segment;
type of thing; a data build an ~; sorted/structured ~;
structure that contains a arrayed (adj): ~ data;
group of elements of syn. bunch, bundle, cluster
the same data type,
such as integer or string
4 Assemble (v) cause sb or sth to gather ~ editing/mode; assembling (n):
together for a common automatic/manual/line/machine/robot;
purpose; convert or assembled (adj): ~ battery/diagram/
translate programs product/presentation; assembler (n): ~
written in the assembly program/operator/language;
code to the machine assembly (n): ~ code/data/defect/error
code /line/technique/unit;
syn. collect, gather; ant. dissemble
5 Binary (adj) relating to, composed ~ code/system/array/cell/ compatibility/
of, or involving two digit/file/frequency/interval/mode/phase/
things; a system of scale/signal/stream/switch;
numerical notation that ~-coded/valued;
has 2 rather than 10 as a ant. decimal
base
6 Bug (n) an unexpected problem fix/identify/correct/track ~s;
with ~ identification/hole/tracking/fix/report/-
hardware or software free; debug (v): ~ a program; (de)bugging
(n); buggy (adj): ~ software;
syn. error, flaw, defect
7 Code (n) a system of words, ~ area/chain/compression/error/key/
letters, figures, or line/limitation/optimization/structure;
symbols used to ~-sensitive/sharing; coded (adj):
represent others, ~ address/ file/disc/image/signal/word/
especially for the information;
purposes of secrecy; source/ASCII/pseudo ~;
text written in a generate/program a ~; encode (v): ~ a
particular programming file/message; coding (n): ~ aids/cycle/
116
language pattern; codify (v);
decode (v): ~ text/infromation;
syn. cypher, encrypt
ant. decypher, decrypt
8 Command (n) an authoritative order; at someone’s ~; word of ~; (dis)obey a ~;
an instruction or signal a ~ bar/button/delay/file/handler/
causing a computer to interface/key/line/menu/mode/script/
perform one of its basic sequence/switch/system/unit; -driven;
functions issue/run a ~;
command (v): ~ a large vocabulary;
commander (n): military/army ~;
syn. direction, order, instruction
9 Compile (v) collect information in ~ a table/diagram/code;
order to produce a list (de)compiler (n): ~ bug/error/language/
or book; convert a option/program/writer; compiling (n):
program into a batch/incremental ~; compilation (n):
machine-code or lower- ~ algorithm/process/time/unit;
level form in which the syn. assemble, gather, compose
program can be ant. decompile, decompose
executed
10 Compose (v) write or create a work ~ a letter/text/graph/table;
of art, especially music composability (n); composable (adj):
or poetry; prepare a ~ semantics/sequence; composed (adj):
text, code for printing ~ component/distribution; composite (n):
~ analysis/error/structure/test/variable;
composition (n): ~ of
algorithms/functions /groups;
compositional (adj): ~ core/
design/product/formula /programming;
syn. create
11 Compress (v) flatten by pressure; alter ~ a(n) file/document/image/video/code;
the form of (data) so as compressed (adj): ~ air/audio/data/
to reduce the amount of disc/gas/volume; compressibility (n): ~
storage necessary factor; compressible (adj);
compression (n): ~ area/buffer/coding/
facility/force/ratio/utility; compressor (n):
~ engineering/plant/system/unit;
syn. squeeze, shrink; ant. decompress
12 Compute (v) reckon or calculate (a ~ a number/figure/value/formula;
figure, value or amount) computer(n): ~ access/addiction/
using mathematical aids/algorithm/analyst/automation/
formulas or methods engineering/equipment/network/security/
skills/software/system/utility/vendor;
~-aided design/-assisted management/-
based learning/-controlled robot/-
generated hologram/-human interface/-
integrated system/-managed instruction/-
mediated communication/-oriented
system;
computability (n); computable (adj)
computation (n); computational (adj):
~ linguistics/power; computerize (v):
117
~ the country; computerized (adj):
analysis/catalogue/file/image/
manufaturing/office/system/testing/tools;
computing (n): ~ skills/ability/center;
parallel ~; computerization (n): ~ of
schools/universities;
syn. calculate, figure out
Cf. computerate = computer-literate,
computerphile, computerphobia
13 Condition (n) the state of something in good/bad/poor/certain/ ~; (up)on ~;
with regard to its impose/set/stipulate/accept/fulfill/meet/
appearance, quality, or satisfy a ~; ~ of (in)dependence/
working order; a (in)stability; living/working/weather/
situation that must exist (un)favorable/difficult/international ~s;
before something else is conditional (adj): ~ behavior/equation/
possible or permitted reflex/access; conditionally (adv);
conditioned (adj): ~
air/gas/process/reflex;
conditioner (n): air ~;
syn. status, stipulation, prerequisite
14 Configure (v) arrange or put together ~ a computer/network/server;
in a particular way; configurability (n): network ~;
arrange or order (a configuration (n): hardware/basic/
computer system or an desktop/(2)3-dimensional/error/port/
element of it) so as to problem-solving/software ~;
fit it for a designated configurable (adj): ~ code/hardware/
task memory/processor; configured (adj):
fully/software ~;
syn. construct, set up
ant. misconfigure
15 Default (n) failure to fulfill an by/on ~; ~ option/address/button/
obligation, especially to color/context/ interface/mode/
repay a loan or appear parameter/user/statement/value;
in a law court; defaulting (adj): ~ subscriber
a preselected option
adopted by a computer
program or other
mechanism when no
alternative is specified
by the user or
programmer
16 Error (n) the state or condition of
~prone /check/code/correction/detection/
being wrong in conducthandling/tolerance/checking/control/-
or judgement; a
free; check/code/correct/detect/ handle/
mistake diagnose/indicate an ~; err (v); errorless
(adj): ~ code/transmission; erroneous
(adj);
syn. mistake, fault, flaw
17 Execute (v) put a plan, order, or ~ a cycle/packet/program/statement;
course of action into executing (adj): ~ phase; execution (n): ~
effect; carry out a address/error/failure/path/plan/sequence/
118
sentence of death; carry speed/time/unit; executive (adj): ~
out an instruction or a branch/agreement/ committee/council/
program language/message/officer/program/
secretary/session/staff;
syn. accomplish, implement, perform,
fulfill
18 Generate (v) create; produce (a set ~ heat/address/error/function/
or sequence of items) sequence/variable; generated (adj):
by performing specified separably/inductively/freely/finitely ~;
mathematical or logical generator (n): gas/steam/code ~, ~
operations on an initial capacity; generation (n): ~ gap, ~ of sth;
set generic (adj): ~ term/activity/class/
components/property/software/system;
syn. bring about, cause to appear
19 Integrate (v) combine (one thing) ~ sth with/into sth; ~ between A and B/by
with another to form a part/by a substitution; integration (n):
whole; find the integral economic/racial/close ~; ~
of density/domain/ level/platform/problem/
tools; integrator (n): system ~; integrity
(n): data/system /network ~; integral (n):
(in)definite ~; integral (adj): ~ part/value;
integrated (adj): nalysis/approach/circuit/
data/database/device/environment/
equation/process/software; integrating
(adj): ~ coefficient/ mechanism;
integrative (adj): ~ process;
syn. combine, consolidate,
ant. disintegrate
Cf. IDE
20 Instruction (n) a direction or order; a give/follow/break ~s; ~
code in a program address/area/manual/window;
which defines and basic/clear/complete/conditional/effective
carries out an operation /entry/(in)direct/input/output ~;
(un)instruct (v): ~ users; instructional
(adj): ~ advice/ computing/ software;
instructive (adj), instructively (adv),
instructiveness (n), instructor (n):
programming ~, ~ in physics;
syn. direction, guidance
21 Language (n) a method of human speak/understand/enrich/learn/master/use
communication, either /compile from… into a ~; high-level/
spoken or written; a low-level/machine/absolute/AI/
system of symbols and algorithmic/assembler/command/
rules for writing foreign/functional/hardware/input/output/
programs or algorithms mark-up/script/ source/symbolic/target;
~ barrier/compatibility/converter/
manual/model/selection/specification/
syntax/-specific machine
22 Loop (n) a shape produced by a continuous ~; in the ~; ~ access/chain/
curve that bends round circuit/link/network/operation/system/
and crosses itself; a technology/-free; looped (adj): ~
programmed sequence cycle/circuit/ link; looping (adj): ~
119
of instructions that is statement;
repeated until or while a syn. circle, curve
particular condition is Cf. loophole, loopline
satisfied
23 Manual (n) a book giving instructions or a computer/program/reference/teacher’s
information; instructions for ~;
using
a computer device or progra
manual (adj): ~ work/labor/adjustment
m backup/control /input/output/mode/
power/programming/scanner/switch/tool/
tracking/training/transmission/tuning/
update; manually (adv): ~
controlled/adjustable/operated/set;
syn. reference book, handbook,
guidebook; ant. automated
24 Maintain (v) cause or enable a condition ~ a computer/program/equipment;
or situation to continue; maintenance (n): ~ of peace and stability/
correct faults, improve
performance or other
aids/area/center/costs/handbook/manual;
attributes, or adapt the maintainable (adj): ~ equipment/item;
product to a changed maintainability (n): ~ analysis/control/
environment specifications/standard;
maintainer (n): software ~;
syn. control, keep, manage, support
25 Operate (v) (of a person) control the ~ (a) machine; operation (n): in ~,
functioning of a conduct/launch ~; operational (adj): ~
machine, process, or costs/mode/safety/ error/database/
system; (of a machine, efficiency/risk; operator (n):
process, or system) computer/radar/radio ~; operated (adj):
function in a specified automatically/manually/remotely~;
manner operating (adj): ~ system/capacity/
conditions/manual/mode/parameter/
policy/potential/speed/station/time
26 Patch (n) a piece of cloth or other modem/bug ~, ~
material used to mend array/cable/line/memory; patch (v): ~
or strengthen a torn or clothes; patched (adj): ~ connection/
weak point; a small program; patcher (n); patchhole (n);
piece of code inserted patching (n): ~ tool/repair/material
into a program to
improve its functioning
or to correct a fault
27 Process (v) take a series of actions ~ automatically/manually; ~ operations/
or steps to achieve a code/instructions; process (n):
particular end; perform ~ automation/control/cycle/design/
a series of mechanical flowchart/installation/inspection/planning
or chemical operations /state/unit; ~-bound/-driven/-centered/-
on sth in order to flexible/-independent/-specific;
change or preserve it launch/cancel a ~; processed (adj): ~
data/bit/speech; processing (n): automatic
data/parallel ~,
~ accuracy/algorithm/flaw/method/rate/
system/technology/tool;
syn. action, course, procedure
120
28 Procedure (n) an established or (non)standard/established/built-in/
official way of doing embedded ~, ~ flowchart/standard,
sth; a set of instructions launch/cancel a ~; procedural (adj);
for performing an procedurally (adj);
operation within a syn. process
program
29 Program (v) arrange according to a ~ in a language; ~ software/a computer/
plan or schedule; a network; (re)program (v); program (n):
provide (a computer or ~ application/background/executable ~; ~
other machine) with design/file/architecture/directory/error/
coded instructions for code/documentation/failure/interface/
the automatic specification/testing/unit/writer; ~-
performance of a compatible/ controlled/(in)dependent/-
particular task editing; design/launch/set up/(un)install/
issue/release a ~; programming (n):
software ~, ~ aids/algorithm/cycle/error/
flowchart/language/method/pattern;
programmed (adj): ~ channel/instruction/
learning/path; programmer (n):
(un)skillful/(in)experienced ~; ~ manual/
rating/productivity/slang;
programmable (adj): ~ action/software/
switch/system/terminal
30 Prototype (n) the first or preliminary conceptual/evolutionary/hardware/paper/
version of a device or laboratory/pilot/procedure/production/
vehicle from which virtual ~; ~ declaration/device/language/
other forms are system; develop/build/use/compare a ~;
developed prototyping (adj): ~ aids/kit/modelling/
system; prototypal (adj); prototypic(al)
(adj): ~ behavior;
syn. original, model, archetype
31 Recursion (n) application of a iterative/mutual/self-/tail ~, ~ code/
repetitive procedure formula/method/scheme, avoid/program/
double/minimize ~; recursive (adj): ~
function/procedure/call/algorithm/
equation /function/sequence/ system;
recursively (adv); recursiveness (n):
relative ~;
syn. reversion, reiteration
32 Redundancy (n) the state of being no ~ allocation/arrangement/assessment/bit/
longer needed or useful; criterion/device/level/mechanism/rate/
the inclusion of extra reduction/testing; ~ of information/
components optimization; redundant (adj):
functioning in case of ~ code/channel/equipment/system;
failure in other syn., excessive, superfluous
components
33 Reverse (v) move backwards; go in ~ roles/addresses; reverse (n): complete
or turn towards the ~, in ~; reverse (adj): ~
direction opposite to calculation/channel/ circuit/flow/motion/
that previously stated rotation; reversed (adj): ~
chain/arrow/compression/vector; reverser
(n): polarity ~; reversibility (n): ~
121
coat/process; reversion (n): power ~, ~
facility/management; reversal (n): ~
failure/process/time;
syn. overturn
34 Script (n) handwriting as distinct write/compose/create a ~, ~ file/engine/
from print; an language;
automated series of syn. writing
instructions carried out Cf. scriptwriter
in a specific order
35 Test (n) a short written or remote/proficiency ~; ~ center/
spoken examination of completion/condition /drive/
a person's proficiency evaluation/mode/sample/validation;
or knowledge; a perform/run/automate/complete/generate/
procedure intended to monitor a ~; test (v): ~ hardware/
establish the quality, software/a program; testing (n):
performance, or routine/battery/compatibility ~, ~ for
reliability of sth, reliability; testability (n): check/design/
especially before its factor/requirement;
widespread use testable (adj): easily ~;
syn. check, inspection, examination
36 Thread (n) a long, thin strand of execution/multitasking/parent/mail/main
fiber used in sewing or ~; ~ group/ID; package ~;
weaving; a group of thread (v): ~ a process; threaded (adj): ~
thematically linked file/list/socket; threader (n);
messages posted on an threading (n): automatic ~, ~ block/tool;
Internet forum; a syn. cord, string, fiber
programming structure
or process formed by
linking a number of
separate elements
37 Tool (n) a device or implement, a design/smart ~, a ~ adapter/adjustment/
especially one held in bar/box/holder/kit; animation ~;
the hand, used to use/apply a ~;
perform a particular syn. instrument, apparatus, device
function
38 Troubleshoot (n) analyze and solve ~ errors/flaws/conflicts; troubleshooter
serious problems for a (n); troubleshooting (n): ~ aid/code/costs/
company or other guide/flowchart/process/program/service/
organization; trace and tips/unit;
correct faults in a syn. debugging, diagnostics, correction
mechanical or
electronic system
39 Value (n) the importance, worth, absolute/actual/average/default/input/
or usefulness of
hexadecimal/initial/null/output/return/
something; the
variable ~, ~ function/list/parameter;
numerical amount valuable (adj); ant. valueless; evaluation
denoted by an algebraic (n): insurance/performance/full-scale ~, ~
term; a magnitude, approach/parameter; evaluator (n);
quantity, or number syn. amount, cost, significance
Cf. value-added tax
40 Variable (n) sth not consistent or set/calculate/register/(re)name a ~;
having a fixed pattern; a floating
122
liable to change; an point/binary/class/(in)dependent/
element, feature, or integer/key/loop/reference ~; variable
factor that is liable to (adj); variably (adv); variability (n): ~ of
vary or change choice, ~ chart/error/index/interval/ratio;
ant. invariable
1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press Inc. – 2010.
2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press. – 2010.
3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. – 8-е изд.,
испр. и доп. Mасловский Е.К. – 2008.
программированию (6-е изд., испр. и доп.). – Э.М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий – 2011.
ACTIVITIES
1. maintain
2. bug
3. tool
4. command
5. condition
6. execute
7. manual
1. binary
2. compile
3. patch
4. assemble
5. code
6. compress
7 integrate

composed
compute
error
generatively
instructional
reversely
testability
123
Activity 4. Place the following words in the columns according to the prefix used to form a
negative counterpart:
dependent, crypt, instruct, patch, configure, bug, skillful, experienced, code, install, construct,
stability, integrate, efficiency, compress, compatibility, compile
in- de- un- mis- dis-
vocabulary units:
applet
array
thread
a script

procedure
124
default
Target vocabulary unit Adjective
process-
1. loop A. a very small application, especially a utility program performing one or a

few simple functions
2. troubleshoot B. a book giving instructions or information; instructions for using
a computer device or program
3. value C. the numerical amount denoted by an algebraic term
4. algorithm D. a programmed sequence of instructions that is repeated until or while a
particular condition is satisfied
5. applet E. trace and correct faults in a mechanical or electronic system
6. manual F. a group of linked messages posted on an Internet forum that share a
common subject or theme
7. thread G. a list of instructions, procedures, or formulas used to solve a problem

1. troubleshooting - debugging A. general and specific
2. process - thread B. cause and effect
3. error-bug C. contrast
4. code - ASCII D. equivalence
5. command - computation E. part and whole
6. prototype - duplicate F. method and purpose
7.variable - invariable
125
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about programming and comment on it:
below:
binary system - decimal system

program – applet
value – variable
calculate - compute
assemble - configure
compose – compile
loop – recursion
Similarities
1. ________________ 1. ________________
2. ________________ 1. ________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 2. ________ 3. ________________
4. ________________ 3. ________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 5. ________________
Activity 10. Say what the following is used for. Give examples:
1. applet
2. command
3. compiler
4. manual
5. prototype
6. script
126
7. toolbar
Activity 11. Name at least 7 popular tools (buttons) situated on a software toolbar.
Activity 12. Describe the functions of utilities patched into a PC operating system.
Activity 13. Give examples of popular compression utilities, comment on their purposes and
mechanisms (text, video and audio compression utilities).
Activity 14. Do a mini-research and briefly characterize the following programming

languages in terms of their popularity, complexity and applicability.
1. C++
2. Java
3. HTML
4. Visual Basic
5. Python
6. Ruby
Activity 15. Write a paragraph about the applets you have got in your PC and smart phone
right now. Briefly describe some of their functions.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “troubleshooting - debugging”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “prototype - duplicate”:
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “bug” EXCEPT FOR:
a) failure b) error c) flow d) flaw
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “error - bug”:
5 A very small application, especially a utility program performing one or a few
simple functions is known as___. a) applet b) utility d) adware d) tool
6 A list of instructions, procedures, or formulas used to solve a problem is known as
a(n)___ . a) scheme b) schedule d) plan d) algorithm
7 Choose the correct prefix for the word ‘compatibility’: a) dis- b) un- c) de- d) in-
8 Referred to as a ____is a sequence of events occurring at a particular place or
occasion or a record of business carried on by a society or other organization;
minutes.
a) process b) procedure c) proceeding d) proceedings
9 ______ is a device or implement used to perform a particular function.
a) Applet b) Tool c) Patch d) Manual
10 A ______ is a series of actions or operations viewed as discrete steps.
a) process b) procedure c) proceeding d) proceedings
11 All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR:
a) prototype b) copy c) counterpart d) duplicate
a) integrate b) combine c) consolidate d) configure
13 Mark the odd word: a) computer b) computability c) computation d) computerized
127
14 This experimental technology is still error-___ a) tolerant b) prone c) free d)
detected
15 Copy, paste, cut and bold are examples of ___. a) tools b) widgets c) menus d) codes
16 All of these collocate with the adjective “default” EXCEPT FOR:
a) option b) mode c) parameter d) bug
17 Computer-___ communication is getting more and more widely spread.
a) generated b) managed c) integrated d) mediated
18 Choose the correct prefix for the word ‘configure’: a) mis- b) un- c) de- d) in-
19 All of these are examples of utilities except for:
a) compression b) disc defragmentation c) encryption d) documentation
20 All of these are examples of application programs EXCEPT FOR: a) compression
software b) spreadsheet software c) entertainment software d) documentation
software
128
Module 13. RADIOELECTRONICS

1 Acoustic (adj) relating to sound or the ~ guitar/technique/environment/
sense of hearing microscope/signal/sound/center/digitiz
er/effect/wave;
acoustics (n): versatile ~;
acoustical (adj), acoustically (adv);
syn. auditory, audio, phonic
2 Amplitude (n) the amount by which a ~ modulation; magnetic/tidal ~;

voltage or current changes ~ of fluctuation/crime/wave;
from zero or an average increase/vary in ~;
value; the maximum extent syn. extent, magnitude
of a vibration or oscillation,
measured from the position
of equilibrium
3 Antenna (n) a device (such as a wire or a radio/aerial/parabolic/suspended/rod/di
metal rod) for sending or rectional/powered/special/ ~;
receiving radio or television antennal (adj): ~
signals insertion/segment/gland; antennary
(adj);
syn. sensor, receiver
4 Aperture (n) a space through which light ~ card/plate/ratio/synthesis;
passes in an optical or pit/relative ~; oval/wheel/set/
photographic instrument, lens/window/circular/ ~;
especially the variable apertural (adj): ~ margin/face/slit;
opening by which light apertured (adj);
enters a camera syn. hole, opening
5 Attenuation (n) the reduction of the ~ constant/factor/switch/theory;
amplitude of a signal, attenuate (v): ~ sound/light/signal/
electric current, or other frequency/emission/luminosity/
oscillation dissonance
syn. reduction, weakening
ant. increase, strengthening
6 Beacon (n) a radio transmitter whose ~ site/fire/tower/center/system;
signal helps to fix the radio/emergency ~; beacon-to-beacon;
position of a ship, aircraft, beaconless (adj), un/beaconed (adj);
or spacecraft syn. beam, signal
7 Compass (n) an instrument containing a ~ rose/point/error/direction/corrector/
magnetized pointer which course;
shows the direction of magnetic/azimuth/gyroscopic ~;
magnetic north and bearings use/check/be guided by the ~;
from it compassless (adj)
8 Coupling (n) a device for connecting ~ box/coefficient/rod;
parts of machinery; an capacitive/close/expansion/inductive/l
interaction between two oose ~;
electrical components by couple (v): ~ with; couple (n);
electromagnetic induction, coupled (adj)
129
electrostatic charge, or syn. connection, joining
optical link
9 Cover (v) put something on top of or ~ address/glass/paper/plate/story;
in front of sth in order to get under/pull up (back)/throw back ~;
protect or conceal it coverage (n), (dis)covery (n)
(dis)coverer (n),
(dis)coverable (adj), coverless (adj);
(dis)covered (adj); (dis)covering (adj),
syn. screen, wrapping
10 Damp (adj) slightly wet; progressively ~ course/sheet/off;
reduced amplitude of (an have/suffer from/ check for ~;
oscillation or vibration) damping (n): ~ ground; dampness (n),
dampish (adj), damply (adv)
syn. moist
ant. dry
11 Delay (v) a situation in which sth ~ a meeting; delayed (adj): ~
happens later than it should release/occurrence/flight/broadcast;
unduly/slightly/somewhat deliberately
~;
delay (n) constant/unexpected ~;
syn. suspend, postpone, put off
12 Density (n) the quantity of people or ~ fluctuation/function;
things in a given area or high/low/average/population/traffic/ele
space; degree of consistency ctron ~;
measured by the quantity of change/vary/increase/decrease/calculat
mass per unit volume, e/measure the ~;
dense (adj): ~ mass/screen/ /cover/
network; densely (adv): ~ populated
area
13 Disturb (v) interfere with the normal ~ complacency/function/process/
arrangement or functioning procedure/relationship/order;
of sth disturbance (n):
cause/create/suffer/prevent/lead
to/provoke ~;
(un)disturbed (adj), disturbing (adj)
disturbingly (adv);
syn. distract, bother
14 Electron (n) a very small particle of ~ affinity/ballistics/cloud/diffraction/
matter that has a negative multiplier/optics/tube/microscope/dens
charge of electricity and that ity/beam/transfer/wave/velocity;
travels around the nucleus electronic (adj): ~ edition/company/
of an atom timer/notebook/representation/media/h
andset/receipt/device/mail/system;
electronics (n)
15 Emission (n) the production and ~ line; acoustic/electron/field/
discharge of sth, especially photoelectric/secondary ~;
gas or radiation harmful/toxic/exhaust/vehicle/
industrial/atmospheric/acid/carbon ~;
cut/reduce ~;
emit (v): ~ sparks/beam/light;
emittance (n);
syn. diffusion, discharge
130
16 Exposure (n) the state of having no ~ hazard/index; double/indecent/
protection from sth harmful instantaneous/excessive/low-level
/long(short)-term ~;
receive/suffer/increase/limit/minimize/
reduce/avoid ~;
expose (v): ~
completely/fully/briefly /suddenly; be
~ed to sth: ~ danger; exposed (adj);
syn. reveal, uncover
ant. conceal, cover
17 FM (abbr) the modulation of a radio or ~ radio/network/system/station;
(Frequency other wave by variation of ant. AM (Amplitude modulation)
Modulation) its frequency, especially to
carry an audio signal
18 Intensity (n) the measurable amount of a ~ modulation/rate; ~ of light/radiation;
property, such as force, gravitational/horizontal/magnetic/noise
brightness, or a magnetic /sound ~ ;
field decrease/reduce/increase in ~;
intense (adj): ~
atmosphere/area/pain
/annoyance/reaction/competition;
intensive (adj): ~ care; labour-~; ,
intensively (adv); intensified (adj);
syn. force
ant. ease, extensive
19 Level (n) a height or distance from the ~ crossing/measure/off;
ground or another stated or premium/wind/action/advanced/entry/
understood base; a position ground ~;
on a scale of amount, achieve/reach/increase/raise/maintain/
quantity, extent, or quality bring down/control/decrease/set the ~;
level (v), levelling (n);
syn. height
20 Locate (v) discover the exact place or ~ an/the object/target;
position of sth; place sth (un)able/difficult to ~;
within a particular context location (n): exact/precise/specific/
secret/undisclosed/convenient/suitable/
related ~; show/define a ~; locator (n),
located (adj)
syn. find, place
ant. dislocate
21 Module (n) an independent self- command/rocket/satellite ~;
contained unit of a do/study/complete a ~; divide sth into
spacecraft; each of a set of ~s; individual/compulsory/optional ~;
standardized parts or modulate (v), modulator (n),
independent units that can modulation (n), modulatory (adj)
be used to construct a more syn. piece of, unit, part of
complex structure, such as
an item of furniture or a
building
22 Oscillate (v) move or swing back and ~ back and forth/up and down; ~ with
forth at a regular speed; amplitude/ wavelength; ~
vary in magnitude or oscillator (n), oscillation (n),
131
position in a regular manner oscillatory (adj): ~
around a central point motion/component/frequency;
syn. swing, vibrate, fluctuate
23 Period (n) a length or portion of time; within the ~ of…;
the time taken to complete modern/medieval/short/long/extended/
one cycle of a regularly lengthy/prolonged ~;
recurring phenomenon drift/fiscal/incubation/induction/latent
~; periodicity (n), periodical (n) ~
publication/table/directory/production/
index;
syn. time span
24 Phase (n) a distinct period or stage in ~ angle/converter/diagram/distortion/
a process of change or inverter; begin/enter/open/start a ~;
forming part of the initial/primary/secondary/final/single
development of sth; the /transition/temporary/crucial ~;
relationship in time between phasing (adj), phasal (adj), phased
the successive states or (adj);
cycles of an oscillating or syn. stage
repeating system (such as an
alternating electric current,
light or sound wave)
25 Radio (n) the transmission and ~ program/astronomy/balloon/
reception of electromagnetic beacon/beam/bearing/compass/control/
waves of radio frequency, electrician/engineering/frequency/navi
especially those carrying gation/station/ message
sound messages; the activity /signal/waves/operator;
or industry of broadcasting listen to/turn on (off)/tune in to/tune
sound programs to the the ~; radiation (adj): emit/give off
public; an apparatus for /absorb/measure/monitor/expose sb to
receiving such programs ~; ~ leakage/dose/level/exposure/
therapy; radiate (v), radiant (adj), radar
(n)
26 Ray (n) the straight line in which ~ filter; emit/give off/send out/ expose
light or other sb(sth) to/block/filter out/protect/shield
electromagnetic radiation sb/sth from the ~; x- ~;
travels to a given point; a syn. beam
beam of radiant energy (as
light) of small cross section
27 Reflect (v) think deeply or carefully ~ clearly/directly/accurately;
about; (of a surface or body) pause to ~; reflection (n): catch/see/
throw back (heat, light, or give (sb)/provide ~;
sound) without absorbing it syn. think, consider, mirror
28 Regulate (v) control or maintain the rate ~ the route/work/situation/solution
or speed of (a machine or /activity; ~ sth carefully/properly/
process) so that it operates strictly; attempt/be designed/be
properly intended to ~; regulations (n),
regulatory (adj): ~ measure/legislation/
compliance/monitoring;
syn. control, manage, maintain,
administer
29 Relay (v) receive and pass on ~ a signal/wave/message/data/selection
(information or a message); ~;
132
broadcast sth by passing syn. pass on, transmit, broadcast
signals received from ant. receive
elsewhere through a
transmitting station
30 Resist (v) remain strong against the ~ compression/changes;
force or effect of sth be difficult/be hard/be
(im-)possible/try to ~; ~ fiercely
/firmly/resolutely/strongly;
resistance (n): ~ movement/pressure;
(ir)resistible (adj);, resistibility (n),
resistive (adj),
syn. oppose
ant. accept, surrender, give in
31 Scatter (v) throw in various random ~ a bomb/diagram/light/wave/beam;
directions; deflect or diffuse scatterer (n), scattered (adj), scattering
(electromagnetic radiation (n);
or particles) syn. disperse, diffuse, deflect
32 Signal (n) an event or statement that ~ box/failure/board/tower;
provides the impulse or automatic/alarm/danger/warning/non-
occasion for sth specified to verbal/semaphore ~;
happen; an electrical arrange/interpret/read/see sth as a ~;
impulse or radio wave signal (v), signaling (n)
transmitted or received syn. sign
33 Stabilize (v) make or become unlikely to ~ the situation/structure/position
change, fail, or decline /relationship/price/economy/variable/o
utput/currency; stability (n), stabilizer
(n), (de)stabilization (n), (un)stable
(adj), (un)stably (adv)
syn. maintain
ant. destabilize
34 Synchronize (v) cause to occur or operate at ~ the sound/cycle/movement;
the same time or rate ~ carefully/precisely;
(a)synchronous (adj),
(a)synchronously (adv),
(a)synchronization (n);
syn. harmonize, coordinate
35 Spectrum (n) a characteristic series of ~ analysis/diagram;
frequencies of absorption/atomic
electromagnetic radiation /broadcast/interference/molecular/nois
emitted or absorbed by a e/pure ~ ; cover the ~; spectral (adj): ~
substance analysis; spectrogram (n);
spectrograph (n), spectroscope (n),
spectroscopic (adj)
36 Terminate (v) bring to an end ~ a(n) contract/operation/agreement
/license /relationship/engagement;
termination (n): ~ date; early/
premature/sudden ~; terminal (adj);
terminator (n), terminating (adj),
terminated (adj);
syn. stop, cease
ant. continue
133
37 Threshold (n) a level, rate, or amount at ~ level/value; absolute/differential ~;
which sth comes into effect; have/reach/cross/exceed/set a ~;
the maximum level of toxic ~; threshold (v);
radiation or concentration of syn. verge
a substance considered to be
acceptable or safe
38 Tune (v) adjust or adapt sth to a ~ in/for/to/up;
particular purpose or tuning (n): auto ~; tuned (adj); tuning
situation; adjust (a radio or (adj): ~ fork/range/tool;
television) so that it receives guitar/wavelength ~;
a broadcast clearly syn. adjust, adapt
39 Quantum (n) the minimum amount of any ~ of light/energy; ~ computing/
physical entity involved in computations
an interaction /clock/theory/mechanics /oscillations;
physical ~
40 Wave (n) a gesture or signal made by ~ analyzer/antenna/band/base/equation
moving one's hand to and /energy/filter/height/length/mechanics/
fro; a ridge of water motion; emit/generate/deflect/ send ~s;
between two depressions in waved (adj), waving (n), wavelength
open water; a single curve
in the course of this motion
6. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. – «РУССО». – Александров А.В.. –

2010.
7. Computer hope. Free computer help and information. [Online]. Available:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon.htm [Accessed: 15 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. aperture
2 .cover
3.delay
4. module
5. regulate
6. synchronize
7. terminate
1. attenuation
2. coupling
3. damp
4. expose
5. resist
6. scatter
7. locate
134

disturb
covered
intensity
modulate
reflection
terminative
stably
1. amplitude A. an electrical impulse or radio wave transmitted or received

2. antenna B. a broadcasting station or channel
3. aperture C. the production and discharge of something, especially gas or
radiation
4. compass D. an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the
direction of magnetic north and bearings from it
5. emission E. a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic
instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a
camera
6. radio F. a device (such as a wire or a metal rod) for sending or receiving
radio or television signals
7. signal G. the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from
the position of equilibrium
1. Travelers leaving the vehicles in Safari are exposed _____ danger.

2. You should contact local authorities to expose _____ electronic waste properly.
3. Software development project is divided ______ several modules.
4. Governmental policy should be tuned ______ the needs of people.
5. Work with electronic equipment requires special protective screens to filter ____ the rays
that might be optically harmful.
6. Sailors saw a beacon ____ a signal of their rescue.

1. antenna – transceiver A. general and specific
2. acoustic – visual B. cause and effect
3. phase – stage C. contrast
135
4. radio – antenna D. method and purpose
5. radio modulation - FM E. part and whole
6. vibration - waves F. equivalence
7. tuning – clear sound
Activity 7. Complete the tables with verbs or adjectives to form collocations with the given
target vocabulary units:
Adj Target vocabulary unit
attenuation
beacon
acoustic
density
electron
Activity 8. Decode Alison Gopnik’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:
136
Activity 9. Say what can be … and how:
1. damped
2. delayed
3. emitted
4. intensified
5. synchronized
6. reflected
7. tuned
1. compass
2. beacon
3. antenna
4. radio
5. resistor
6. cover
7. stabilizer
below:
ray – signal
vibration – oscillation
attenuation – damping
electron – quantum
period – phase
FM - AM
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________
4. ______________ 4. ______________ 137
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 12. Fill in the table reflecting the use of different compass types given below:
dry liquid, Bearing compass
Uses
Activity 13. Discuss the use of the term ‘quantum’ in mechanics, computing, physics,
cryptography and electronics.
Activity 14. Draw a scheme showing how radio works.
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and prepare a short report about the contribution of different
engineers such as Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi and Ferdinand Braun to the
invention of radio.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “radio - antenna”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “radio modulation - FM”:
a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) equivalence
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “aperture” EXCEPT FOR:
a) breach b) hole c) eyelid d) opening
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “vibration - waves”:
5 The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of
equilibrium is known as ____. a) amplitude b) aperture d) attenuation d) oscillation
6 A very small particle of matter that has a negative charge of electricity and that travels
around the nucleus of an atom is known as____.
a) electron b) quantum d) quant d) signal
7 Travelers leaving the vehicles in Safari are exposed _____ danger.
a) to b) under c) for d) in
8 The software development project is divided ______ several modules.
a) into b) up of c) on d) in
9 To ______ means to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.
a) synchronize b) stabilize c) regulate d) terminate
10 Mark the odd word: a) intense b) intensity c) intensified d) intensive
a) synchronize b) harmonize c) coordinate d) regulate
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “attenuation” EXCEPT FOR:
a) increasing b) enlargement c) strengthening d) decreasing
138
13 Mark the odd word: a) terminated b) terminative c) terminating d) terminate
14 What does FM stand for? a) frequency modulation b) frequency module c) frequent
modulation d) frequently modulation
15 FM and AM are examples of radio___. a) broadcast b) modulation c) phases d) tunes
16 All of these collocate with the noun “attenuation” EXCEPT FOR:
a) light b) sound c) frequency d) density
17 Fire, sea, tower are the types of a: a) beacon b) beam c) ray d) compass
18 Work with electronic equipment requires special protective screens to filter _____ the
rays that might be optically harmful. a) from b) out c) through d) by
19 Which of these is NOT a type of a compass: a) wet b) liquid c) bearing d) sun
20 All of these verbs collocate with the noun “density” EXCEPT FOR:
a) measure b) calculate c) vary d) compute
139
Module 14. TELECOMMUNICATION

1 Cellular (adj) relating to a system that uses ~ automation/cryptogram/glass/phone/
radio waves instead of wires radio/operator/mechanism/level/standard/
to send telephone signals license/network; cellularity (n)
Cf. mobile
2 Beam (n) a long and heavy piece of ~ anchor/antenna/ diameter/ divergence
wood or metal that is used as /light/pump/ tube/weapon;
a support in a building or angle/atom/back/balance ~;
ship; a line of energy, direct/point/send/shine/play ~;
particles, etc., that cannot be beaming (n): ~ light/smile/face/employee;
seen; a ray of light syn. pole, ray, laser
3 Band (n) any of several groups into ~ aid/brake/elimination/rejection/ wheel;
which school pupils of the absorption/amateur/balancing/UHF ~; be in/
same age are divided on the play in/sing in/fall into/form/join a ~; band (v):
basis of broadly similar be ~ed into a group/according to sth;
ability; a group of musicians syn. tape, group
who play popular music, jazz,
etc, often for dancing; a range
of frequencies or wavelengths
in a spectrum
4 Bear (v) hold up, support, remain firm ~ channel/service/responsibility;
under a load or pressure; ~ pain/difficulties/hardships;
carry sth bearing (n): ~ signal/capability; bearings:
get/lose one’s ~; bearer (noun): ~
signal/service
syn. carry, support
5 Blackout (n) a period when lights are off light/news/communication/mental ~;
because of an electrical syn. collapse
power failure
6 Carrier (n) a mechanism or device by ~ dropout/ frequency/ multiplex/noise
which sth is conveyed or level/power/shift/ suppression/ wave;
conducted; a company that air/baby/flag/(ir)regular/mail/motor/personal/
provides facilities for private ~; carry (v): ~ out the analysis/
conveying telecommunication evaluation/assessment/policy/instruction;
messages syn. shipper, bearer
7 Detect (v) discover or identify the ~ a signal/risk/mistake/leak/pattern/
presence or existence of sth miscalculation/sound/colour/ position/change;
difficult /hard/easy/(im-)possible to ~;
detector (n): infrared/chemical/ smoke/metal ~;
detection (n), detectability (adj), detectable
(adj); detective (n);
syn. discover, find out, reveal, identify
ant. overlook, conceal
8 Diffuse (v) spread over a wide area or ~ reflection/light/idea/responsibility;
between a large number of diffusion (n), diffuseness (n): ~ of
people method/control; diffusely (adv);
syn. scatter, spread, disseminate
140
9 Disperse (v) distribute or spread over a ~ news/pollution/pollen/seed/fog/ bacteria;
wide area; divide (light) into begin/start/ to disperser (n), dispersible (adj),
constituents of different dispersive (adj);
wavelengths syn .distribute, spread, diffuse
10 Distort (v) give a misleading or false ~ the market/result/outcome/
account or impression of; pattern/image/opinion/reality/picture; distorted
change the natural, normal, or (adj): seriously/severely/completely/slightly/
original shape, appearance, or deliberately ~;
sound of sth in a way that is distortion (n), distortive (adj); distortedly
usually not attractive or (adv);
pleasing syn. alter, pervert, falsify
11 Digital a technology that allows asynchronous/synchronous ~;
Subscriber Line high-speed transmission of lay/modify/build/transmit over ~
(DSL) text, audio, and video, usually
over standard telephone lines;
a form of broadband
transmission
12 Energy (n) the strength and vitality ~ balance/density/drink/efficiency
required for sustained ratio/spectrum;
physical or mental activity; accumulation/activation/conservation of ~;
power derived from the alternative/available/free/ kinetic/nuclear/solar
utilization of physical or ~;
chemical resources, burst with/be full of/have/
especially to provide light generate/produce/harness/
and heat or to work machines use/demand/need/accumulate ~;
energetic (adj): ~ activity/man; energize (v);
syn. power, strength
ant. weakness
13 Engineering (n) the branch of science and ~ company/group/industry/
technology concerned with method/design/facility/program/technology
the design, building, and use /services; engineer (v); engineer (n): leading
of engines, machines, and ~;
structures Cf. construction, technology
14 Generate (v) produce sth or cause sth to be ~ light/power/changes/conflict/steam
produced /microwave/solution/electricity;
generator (n); generation (n): ~ gap, digital ~;
syn. produce, develop
15 The Institute of the world's largest association comply with/compliance with ~
Electrical and of technical professionals standards/requirements/ documentation
Electronics aiming for the educational style/format/ specifications
Engineers, and technical advancement of
(IEEE) electrical and electronic
engineering,
telecommunications,
computer engineering and
allied disciplines
16 Indicator (n) a thing or device that shows airspeed/battery/direction/frequency/fuel/speed
the state, level or condition of /
sth wind ~; serve/ take/ee sth as / an ~;
indication (n), indicate (v); index /indices (n);
syn. sign
Cf. parameter
141
17 Landline (n) a conventional ~ dis/connection; lay/transmit over a ~;
telecommunications Cf. Wi-Fi, satellite/cellular connection
connection by cable laid
across land
18 Long-Term a standard for wireless connect to/support ~
Evolution (4G communication of high-speed
LTE) data for mobile phones and
data terminals
19 Mount (v) go or climb up sth; increase ~ a(n) equipment/ device/camera;
in amount; fix sth engine/gun/lens/pedestal/pillar ~;
~ quickly/rapidly/steadily/ gradually;
mounting (n), mounter (n), mountable (adj),
mounted (adj): ~ station/module/panel;
syn. ascend, assemble, fix
ant. descend, dissemble
20 Mobile (adj) able to move or be moved ~ headquarter/phone/station/ connection;
freely or easily be/become/get ~; (im) mobility
syn. movable
ant. immovable, unmovable, static
21 Propagate (v) spread sth widely ~ the wave/language/message/ knowledge;
propagation (n): radio/error ~; propagator (n):
~ virus; propagative (adj), propaganda (n)
syn. spread, extend
22 Power (n) the ability or capacity to do ~ of attorney/termination;
sth or act in a particular way; amplifier/car/nuclear/horse ~ ; go off ~; wind
energy that is produced by ~;
mechanical, electrical, or ~ cable; 2 to the ~ of 4;
other means and used to exercise/use/give/grant sb the ~ of; confer ~ on
operate a device sb; power-engineering; power-plant;
syn. capacity, energy
ant. incapacity
23 Remote (adj) distant in relationship or ~ control/indication/area/date/ storage/site;
connection; situated far from syn. distant, faraway
the main center; operating or ant. near, close
controlled from a distance
24 Resonator (n) a device that displays ~ test/guitar/system/theory/ring/axis;
electrical resonance, cavity/ceramic/optical/piezo/ Helmholtz ~;
especially one used for the resonance (n),
detection of radio waves resonate (v): ~ energy/power
25 Roaming (n) the facility to use a mobile world/country/street/city ~;
phone outside its normal area roamer (n), roam (v)
of registration, for example
when abroad
26 Satellite (adj) a natural body that revolves ~ orbit/broadcasting/dish/aerial/link
around a planet; an artificial /television/navigation/photograph/picture/data
body placed in orbit round the ;
earth or another planet in launch/put into orbit/put up/send up a ~
order to collect information
or for communication
27 Saturate (v) make sth completely wet; put ~ with sth;
(a device) into a state in saturator (n), saturation (n)
142
which no further increase in saturated (adj): ~ fat/field/pasture; saturable
current is achievable (adj);
syn. soak, permeate
28 Sensor (n) a device that enables digital ~ network/control/unit/reading/ analysis/data-
machines to monitor the fusion/device; infrared/analog/image/
analog world, such as sensitivity (n), sensitive (adj)
temperature, humidity, or sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);
pressure, to provide data used syn. detector;
in robotics, environmental Cf. meter
applications
29 Sequence (n) a particular order in which automatic/key/regular/plain/time ~;
related things follow each continuous/complex ~; sequential (adj): ~
other pattern/interview/ stage/record/file; sequence
(v);
syn. series, arrangement, progression, string
30 Shield (v) protect from a danger, risk, or ~ sb/sth from sth; ~ sth
unpleasant experience; partially/partly/carefully;
prevent sb or sth from being shield (n): ~ bearer/budding/cell/law/scale;
seen cultivator/eraser/expansion ~;
use sb/sth as a ~;
shielding (n), shielded (adj)
syn. protect, shelter
31 Solar (adj) relating to or determined by ~ apex/battery/cell/collector/ compass
the sun /constant/eclipse/ equation/eye
piece/flare/heating
/mass/microscope/motion/energy/radiation
32 Sonde (n) an instrument probe that radio/weather/air/rocket/satellite/hydrometer
automatically transmits ~; launch a ~
information about its
surroundings underground,
under water, in the
atmosphere, etc.
33 Standard (n) sth considered by an authority ~ deviation/English/gravity/length/model; ~ of
or by general consent as a living/perfection; high/low ~;
basis of comparison; an apply/enforce/prescribe/maintain/improve/rais
approved model; a rule or e/
principle that is used as a keep up the ~;
basis for judgment; an standardize (v): ~ a(n) uniform/
average or normal system/equipment/service; substandard (adj): ~
requirement for quality, conditions;
quantity, level etc. syn. basic, normal
ant. atypical, abnormal
34 Tele- a prefix used in the formation ~ cast/kinesis/meter/phone/graph/ port/scope;
of compound words meaning ~ commute
“distant,” especially
“transmitted over a distance”
35 Traffic (n) the movement of vehicles, ~ accident/hazard/block/cop/
ships, persons, etc; messages density/jam/lane/light/signal;
or signals transmitted through bad/busy/congested /heavy/thick/
143
a communications system light/constant ~;
radio/telephone/data/voice/network/
Internet/Web/website ~;
Cf. movement, transportation
36 Transition (n) the process or a period of ~ area/point/region/temperature/
changing from one state or period/process/phase;
condition to another bring about/cause/effect ~;
abrupt/immediate/rapid/sudden/direct /gradual
~; transit (v), transitional (adj), transitionally
(adv)
transitionary (adj);
Cf. change
37 Tunnel (n) an underground passageway, ~ effect/vision;
esp. one for trains or cars that open/smoke/water/wind ~;
passes under a mountain, go through/use/disappear into/enter/go into/
river etc; a virtual tunnel of come out of/ build/construct/dig/excavate a ~;
encapsulated data long/short/narrow/wide/dark ~;
transmission tunneling (n); tunneled (adj)
syn. channel
38 Queue (n) a line of people who are endless/long/growing ~;
waiting for sth; a series of form/line up in/join/stand in/wait in a ~;
instructions that are stored in queuer (n), queue (v): ~ up for food/bus;
a computer so that they can queuing (n)
be processed later syn. line
39 Vibration (n) a periodic motion about an ~ detector/sensor/transmission/rate /power;
equilibrium position; an anti- ~; ~-free;
oscillation of the parts of a vibrate (v), vibrational (adj), vibratory (adj);
fluid or an electromagnetic syn. fluctuation, oscillation, tremor ant.
wave equilibrium which has stillness, calmness
been disturbed
1. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. – «РУССО». – Александров А.В. –
2010.
2. Telecom ABC. [Online]. Available: http://www.telecomabc.com [Accessed: 19 Oct. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. beam
2. bear
3. disperse
4. distort
5. mount
6. power
7. sequence
144
1. detect
2. landline
3. standard
4. distort
5. mobile
6. remote
7. vibration

detect
mounting
propagative
Sensorily
transition
vibratory
1. cellular A. a technology that allows high-speed transmission of text, audio,

and video, usually over standard telephone lines; a form of broadband
transmission
2. blackout B. a natural body that revolves around a planet; an artificial body
placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect
information or for communication
3. carrier C. the world's largest association of technical professionals
4. diffuse D. relating to a system that uses radio waves instead of wires to send
telephone signals
5. DSL E. a mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or
conducted; a company that provides facilities for conveying
telecommunications messages
6. IEEE F. spread over a wide area or between a large number of people
7. satellite G. a period when lights are off because of an electrical power failure
1. Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data
_______ telephone lines.
2. After the King’s death, all the power was conferred _____ his son – the only heir to the
throne.
3. Democratic People's Republic of Korea claimed to put an Earth observation satellite ____
orbit.
145
4. Keeping _____ the communication standards is rather a challenging task for
professionals.
5. British Prime Minister David Cameron called for discussions on how to bring _____
political transition in Syria.
6. Dozens of people had to line___ ___ queue to get the tickets.

1. diffusion - dispersion A. general and specific
2. landline – satellite connection B. cause and effect
3. radio - resonator C. contrast
4. power - energy D. method and purpose
5. sonde – weather forecasting E. part and whole
6. mobile communications standard – 3G F. equivalence
7. earthquake - vibration
energy
indicator
remote
sonde
146
traffic
Activity 8. Decode Bob Poe’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:
1. detected
2. distorted
3. diffused
4. generated
5. propagated
6. shielded
7. queued
ADSL
carrier
satellite
LTE
remote control
resonator
teleport
below:
cellular phone – mobile phone

3G – LTE
remote site – remote storage
traffic light – traffic sign
radio sonde – satellite sonde
ADSL – dial up
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
147
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________
4. ______________ 4. ______________
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 12. Arrange the standards for communication in an ascending order from the least
advanced to the most: 3G, 2G, LTE, dial-up. Explain the chosen sequence.
Activity 13. Brainstorm the current issues of alternative energy systems. Do you think it’s
possible to completely substitute traditional energy systems in the near future?
Activity 14. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about famous and the most
devastating blackouts in the history.
Activity 15. Write a paragraph explaining the statement of Bob Poe in Activity 8.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “earthquake - vibration”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “diffusion – dispersion”:
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “beam” EXCEPT FOR: a) ray of light
b) low c) resonator d) radiation
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “mobile communication
standard – 3G”:
5 A mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or conducted is known as
a___: a) carrier b) band d) DSL d) LTE
6 A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data
terminals is known as ___: a) LTE b) 2G d) ADSL d) IEEE
7 Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data
______ telephone lines. a) forward b) over c) via d) through
8 Keeping _____ the communication standards is rather a challenging task for
professionals. a) up b) for c) to d) towards
9 ______ is a device that enables digital machines to monitor a physical quantity of the
analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data.
a) resonator b) sensor c) satellite d) sonde
10 Mark the odd word: a) detect b) neglect c) ignore d) conceal
11 All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR: a) distort b) alter c) pervert d) preserve
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “landline” EXCEPT FOR:
a) satellite connection b) cellular connection c) WI-Fi d) telephone connection
13 Mark the odd word: a) detector b) detection c) detectably d) detective
14 LTE, 3G, 4G are examples of:
a) standard for satellite connection b) standard for radio connection c) standard for
wireless communication d) standard for cellular connection
15 Mark the odd word: a) transitory b) transit c) transitional d) transitionary
16 All of these collocate with the noun “energy” EXCEPT FOR:
a) alternate b) nuclear c) computer d) solar
17 A device providing specific information on the state or condition of something; a
148
thing that shows the state or level of something is known as a(n)___:
a) indicator b) pointer c) communicator d) connector
18 Dozens of people had to line ____ ___ queue to get the tickets.
a) up in b) up with c) through out d) in to
19 Which of these is the oldest standard of telecommunication:
a) dial-up b) 3G c) 4G d) LTE
20 What does abbreviation ‘IEEE’ stand for?
a) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
b) The Institute of Electronical and Electronics Engineering
c) The Institute of Electrics and Electronics Engineering
d) The Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineers
149

1 Cellular (adj) relating to a system that uses ~ automation/cryptogram/glass/phone/
radio waves instead of wires radio/operator/mechanism/level/standard/licen
to send telephone signals se/network;
cellularity (n)
Cf. mobile
2 Beam (n) a long and heavy piece of ~ anchor/antenna/ diameter/ divergence
wood or metal that is used as /light/pump/ tube/weapon;
a support in a building or angle/atom/back/balance ~;
ship; a line of energy, direct/point/send/shine/play ~;
particles, etc., that cannot be beaming (n): ~ light/smile/face/employee;
seen; a ray of light syn. pole, ray, laser
3 Band (n) any of several groups into ~ aid/brake/elimination/rejection/ wheel;
which school pupils of the absorption/amateur/balancing/UHF ~ ; be in/
same age are divided on the play in/sing in/fall into/form/join a ~; band (v):
basis of broadly similar be ~ed into a group/according to sth;
ability; a group of musicians syn. tape, group
who play popular music, jazz,
etc, often for dancing; a range
of frequencies or wavelengths
in a spectrum
4 Bear (v) hold up, support, remain firm ~ channel/service/responsibility;
under a load or pressure; ~ pain/difficulties/hardships;
carry sth bearing (n): ~ signal/capability; bearings:
get/lose one’s ~; bearer (noun): ~
signal/service
syn. carry, support
5 Blackout (n) a period when lights are off light/news/communication/mental ~;
because of an electrical syn. collapse
power failure
6 Carrier (n) a mechanism or device by ~ dropout/ frequency/ multiplex/noise
which sth is conveyed or level/power/shift/ suppression/ wave;
conducted; a company that air/baby/flag/(ir)regular/mail/motor/personal/
provides facilities for private ~; carry (v): ~ out the analysis/
conveying telecommunication evaluation/assessment/policy/instruction;
messages syn. shipper, bearer
7 Detect (v) discover or identify the ~ a signal/risk/mistake/leak/pattern/
presence or existence of sth miscalculation/sound/colour/ position/change;
difficult /hard/easy/(im-)possible to ~;
detector (n): infrared/chemical/ smoke/metal ~;
detection (n), detectability (adj), detectable
(adj); detective (n);
syn. discover, find out, reveal, identify
ant. overlook, conceal
8 Diffuse (v) spread over a wide area or ~ reflection/light/idea/responsibility;
between a large number of diffusion (n), diffuseness (n): ~ of
people method/control; diffusely (adv);
150
syn. scatter, spread, disseminate
9 Disperse (v) distribute or spread over a ~ news/pollution/pollen/seed/fog/ bacteria;
wide area; divide (light) into begin/start/ to disperser (n), dispersible (adj),
constituents of different dispersive (adj);
wavelengths syn .distribute, spread, diffuse
10 Distort (v) give a misleading or false ~ the market/result/outcome/
account or impression of; pattern/image/opinion/reality/picture; distorted
change the natural, normal, or (adj): seriously/severely/completely/slightly/
original shape, appearance, or deliberately ~;
sound of sth in a way that is distortion (n), distortive (adj); distortedly
usually not attractive or (adv);
pleasing syn. alter, pervert, falsify
11 Digital a technology that allows asynchronous/synchronous ~;
Subscriber Line high-speed transmission of lay/modify/build/transmit over ~
(DSL) text, audio, and video, usually
over standard telephone lines;
a form of broadband
transmission
12 Energy (n) the strength and vitality ~ balance/density/drink/efficiency
required for sustained ratio/spectrum;
physical or mental activity; accumulation/activation/conservation of ~;
power derived from the alternative/available/free/ kinetic/nuclear/solar
utilization of physical or ~;
chemical resources, burst with/be full of/have/
especially to provide light generate/produce/harness/
and heat or to work machines use/demand/need/accumulate ~;
energetic (adj): ~ activity/man; energize (v);
syn. power, strength
ant. weakness
13 Engineering (n) the branch of science and ~ company/group/industry/
technology concerned with method/design/facility/program/technology
the design, building, and use /services; engineer (v); engineer (n): leading
of engines, machines, and ~;
structures Cf. construction, technology
14 Generate (v) produce sth or cause sth to be ~ light/power/changes/conflict/steam
produced /microwave/solution/electricity;
generator (n); generation (n): ~ gap, digital ~;
syn. produce, develop
15 The Institute of the world's largest association comply with/compliance with ~
Electrical and of technical professionals standards/requirements/ documentation
Electronics aiming for the educational style/format/ specifications
Engineers, and technical advancement of
(IEEE) electrical and electronic
engineering,
telecommunications,
computer engineering and
allied disciplines
16 Indicator (n) a thing or device that shows airspeed/battery/direction/frequency/fuel/speed
the state, level or condition of /
sth wind ~; serve/ take/ee sth as / an ~;
indication (n), indicate (v); index /indices (n);
151
syn. sign
Cf. parameter
17 Landline (n) a conventional ~ dis/connection; lay/transmit over a ~;
telecommunications Cf. Wi-Fi, satellite/cellular connection
connection by cable laid
across land
18 Long-Term a standard for wireless connect to/support ~
Evolution (4G communication of high-speed
LTE) data for mobile phones and
data terminals
19 Mount (v) go or climb up sth; increase ~ a(n) equipment/ device/camera;
in amount; fix sth engine/gun/lens/pedestal/pillar ~;
~ quickly/rapidly/steadily/ gradually;
mounting (n), mounter (n), mountable (adj),
mounted (adj): ~ station/module/panel;
syn. ascend, assemble, fix
ant. descend, dissemble
20 Mobile (adj) able to move or be moved ~ headquarter/phone/station/ connection;
freely or easily be/become/get ~; (im) mobility
syn. movable
ant. immovable, unmovable, static
21 Propagate (v) spread sth widely ~ the wave/language/message/ knowledge;
propagation (n): radio/error ~; propagator (n):
~ virus; propagative (adj), propaganda (n)
syn. spread, extend
22 Power (n) the ability or capacity to do ~ of attorney/termination;
sth or act in a particular way; amplifier/car/nuclear/horse ~ ; go off ~; wind
energy that is produced by ~;
mechanical, electrical, or ~ cable; 2 to the ~ of 4;
other means and used to exercise/use/give/grant sb the ~ of; confer ~ on
operate a device sb; power-engineering; power-plant;
syn. capacity, energy
ant. incapacity
23 Remote (adj) distant in relationship or ~ control/indication/area/date/ storage/site;
connection; situated far from syn. distant, faraway
the main center; operating or ant. near, close
controlled from a distance
24 Resonator (n) a device that displays ~ test/guitar/system/theory/ring/axis;
electrical resonance, cavity/ceramic/optical/piezo/ Helmholtz ~;
especially one used for the resonance (n),
detection of radio waves resonate (v): ~ energy/power
25 Roaming (n) the facility to use a mobile world/country/street/city ~;
phone outside its normal area roamer (n), roam (v)
of registration, for example
when abroad
26 Satellite (adj) a natural body that revolves ~ orbit/broadcasting/dish/aerial/link
around a planet; an artificial /television/navigation/photograph/picture/data
body placed in orbit round the ;
earth or another planet in launch/put into orbit/put up/send up a ~
order to collect information
or for communication
152
27 Saturate (v) make sth completely wet; put ~ with sth;
(a device) into a state in saturator (n), saturation (n)
which no further increase in saturated (adj): ~ fat/field/pasture; saturable
current is achievable (adj);
syn. soak, permeate
28 Sensor (n) a device that enables digital ~ network/control/unit/reading/ analysis/data-
machines to monitor the fusion/device; infrared/analog/image/
analog world, such as sensitivity (n), sensitive (adj)
temperature, humidity, or sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);
pressure, to provide data used syn. detector;
in robotics, environmental Cf. meter
applications
29 Sequence (n) a particular order in which automatic/key/regular/plain/time ~;
related things follow each continuous/complex ~; sequential (adj): ~
other pattern/interview/ stage/record/file; sequence
(v);
syn. series, arrangement, progression, string
30 Shield (v) protect from a danger, risk, or ~ sb/sth from sth; ~ sth
unpleasant experience; partially/partly/carefully;
prevent sb or sth from being shield (n): ~ bearer/budding/cell/law/scale;
seen cultivator/eraser/expansion ~;
use sb/sth as a ~;
shielding (n), shielded (adj)
syn. protect, shelter
31 Solar (adj) relating to or determined by ~ apex/battery/cell/collector/ compass
the sun /constant/eclipse/ equation/eye
piece/flare/heating
/mass/microscope/motion/energy/radiation
32 Sonde (n) an instrument probe that radio/weather/air/rocket/satellite/hydrometer
automatically transmits ~; launch a ~
information about its
surroundings underground,
under water, in the
atmosphere, etc.
33 Standard (n) sth considered by an authority ~ deviation/English/gravity/length/model; ~ of
or by general consent as a living/perfection; high/low ~;
basis of comparison; an apply/enforce/prescribe/maintain/improve/rais
approved model; a rule or e/
principle that is used as a keep up the ~;
basis for judgment; an standardize (v): ~ a(n) uniform/
average or normal system/equipment/service; substandard (adj): ~
requirement for quality, conditions;
quantity, level etc. syn. basic, normal
ant. atypical, abnormal
34 Tele- a prefix used in the formation ~ cast/kinesis/meter/phone/graph/ port/scope;
of compound words meaning ~ commute
“distant,” especially
“transmitted over a distance”
35 Traffic (n) the movement of vehicles, ~ accident/hazard/block/cop/
153
ships, persons, etc; messages density/jam/lane/light/signal;
or signals transmitted through bad/busy/congested /heavy/thick/
a communications system light/constant ~;
radio/telephone/data/voice/network/
Internet/Web/website ~;
Cf. movement, transportation
36 Transition (n) the process or a period of ~ area/point/region/temperature/
changing from one state or period/process/phase;
condition to another bring about/cause/effect ~;
abrupt/immediate/rapid/sudden/direct /gradual
~; transit (v), transitional (adj), transitionally
(adv)
transitionary (adj);
Cf. change
37 Tunnel (n) an underground passageway, ~ effect/vision;
esp. one for trains or cars that open/smoke/water/wind ~;
passes under a mountain, go through/use/disappear into/enter/go into/
river etc; a virtual tunnel of come out of/ build/construct/dig/excavate a ~;
encapsulated data long/short/narrow/wide/dark ~;
transmission tunneling (n); tunneled (adj)
syn. channel
38 Queue (n) a line of people who are endless/long/growing ~;
waiting for sth; a series of form/line up in/join/stand in/wait in a ~;
instructions that are stored in queuer (n), queue (v): ~ up for food/bus;
a computer so that they can queuing (n)
be processed later syn. line
39 Vibration (n) a periodic motion about an ~ detector/sensor/transmission/rate /power;
equilibrium position; an anti- ~; ~-free;
oscillation of the parts of a vibrate (v), vibrational (adj), vibratory (adj);
fluid or an electromagnetic syn. fluctuation, oscillation, tremor
wave equilibrium which has ant. stillness, calmness
been disturbed
1. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. – «РУССО». – Александров А.В. –
2010.
ACTIVITIES
1. beam
2. bear
3. disperse
4. distort
5. mount
6. power
154
7. sequence
1. detect
2. landline
3. standard
4. distort
5. mobile
6. remote
7. vibration

detect
mounting
propagative
Sensorily
transition
vibratory
1. cellular A. a technology that allows high-speed transmission of text, audio,

and video, usually over standard telephone lines; a form of broadband
transmission
2. blackout B. a natural body that revolves around a planet; an artificial body
placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect
information or for communication
3. carrier C. the world's largest association of technical professionals
4. diffuse D. relating to a system that uses radio waves instead of wires to send
telephone signals
5. DSL E. a mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or
conducted; a company that provides facilities for conveying
telecommunications messages
6. IEEE F. spread over a wide area or between a large number of people
7. satellite G. a period when lights are off because of an electrical power failure
1. Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data
_______ telephone lines.
2. After the King’s death, all the power was conferred _____ his son – the only heir to the
throne.
155
3. Democratic People's Republic of Korea claimed to put an Earth observation satellite ____
orbit.
4. Keeping _____ the communication standards is rather a challenging task for
professionals.
5. British Prime Minister David Cameron called for discussions on how to bring _____
political transition in Syria.
6. Dozens of people had to line___ ___ queue to get the tickets.

1. diffusion - dispersion A. general and specific
2. landline – satellite connection B. cause and effect
3. radio - resonator C. contrast
4. power - energy D. method and purpose
5. sonde – weather forecasting E. part and whole
6. mobile communications standard – 3G F. equivalence
7. earthquake - vibration
energy
indicator
remote
sonde

156
traffic
1. detected
2. distorted
3. diffused
4. generated
5. propagated
6. shielded
7. queued
ADSL
carrier
satellite
LTE
remote control
resonator
teleport
below:
cellular phone – mobile phone

3G – LTE
remote site – remote storage
traffic light – traffic sign
radio sonde – satellite sonde
ADSL – dial up
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

157
1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________
4. ______________ 4. ______________
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 12. Arrange the standards for communication in an ascending order from the least
advanced to the most: 3G, 2G, LTE, dial-up. Explain the chosen sequence.
Activity 13. Brainstorm the current issues of alternative energy systems. Do you think it’s
possible to completely substitute traditional energy systems in the near future?
Activity 14. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about famous and the most
devastating blackouts in the history.
Activity 15. Write a paragraph explaining the statement of Bob Poe in Activity 8.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “earthquake - vibration”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “diffusion – dispersion”:
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “beam” EXCEPT FOR: a) ray of light
b) low c) resonator d) radiation
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “mobile communication
standard – 3G”:
5 A mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or conducted is known as
a___: a) carrier b) band d) DSL d) LTE
6 A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data
terminals is known as ___: a) LTE b) 2G d) ADSL d) IEEE
7 Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data
______ telephone lines. a) forward b) over c) via d) through
8 Keeping _____ the communication standards is rather a challenging task for
professionals. a) up b) for c) to d) towards
9 ______ is a device that enables digital machines to monitor a physical quantity of the
analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data.
a) resonator b) sensor c) satellite d) sonde
10 Mark the odd word: a) detect b) neglect c) ignore d) conceal
11 All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR: a) distort b) alter c) pervert d) preserve
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “landline” EXCEPT FOR:
a) satellite connection b) cellular connection c) WI-Fi d) telephone connection
13 Mark the odd word: a) detector b) detection c) detectably d) detective
14 LTE, 3G, 4G are examples of:
a) standard for satellite connection b) standard for radio connection c) standard for
wireless communication d) standard for cellular connection
15 Mark the odd word: a) transitory b) transit c) transitional d) transitionary
16 All of these collocate with the noun “energy” EXCEPT FOR:
158
a) alternate b) nuclear c) computer d) solar
17 A device providing specific information on the state or condition of something; a
thing that shows the state or level of something is known as a(n)___:
a) indicator b) pointer c) communicator d) connector
18 Dozens of people had to line ____ ___ queue to get the tickets.
a) up in b) up with c) through out d) in to
19 Which of these is the oldest standard of telecommunication:
a) dial-up b) 3G c) 4G d) LTE
20 What does abbreviation ‘IEEE’ stand for?
a) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
b) The Institute of Electronical and Electronics Engineering
c) The Institute of Electrics and Electronics Engineering
d) The Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineers
159
Module 15. COMPUTER MODELING

1 Analyze (v) examine sth attempt/try/be difficult to ~
scrupulously, typically in analysis (n): carry out/do/make/ perform an ~;
order to explain and comparative/critical/careful/close/
interpret it comprehensive /detailed/in-depth/thorough/
financial/historical/linguistic/strategic/spectru
m/electrostatic ~; analyzable (adj), analytical
(adj): ~ study/technique/system/method/
purpose /mind;
syn. examine
2 Behavior (n) the action, reaction, or ~ modification;

functioning of a system, control/influence/alter/change/modify ~;
under normal or specified human/aggressive/political/moral/economic/d
circumstances; the way isruptive/violent ~ ; behavioral (adj): ~
in which a machine or pattern/term/theory/survey; behaviorally
natural phenomenon (adv);
works or functions syn. demeanour
3 CAD (computer- the use of computers to ~ system/information/equipment/terminal/
aided design) create 2D and 3D designs technology/framework/package/software
4 Component (n) a constituent part or basic/central/core/critical/ crucial/
aspect of sth more essential/fundamental/ important/integral
complex /key/main/major/necessary/principal/
significant/vital ~; ~ manufacturer/failure/
supplier; componentized (adj): DRM;
componential (adj); ~ analysis; componentize
(v);
syn. piece, ingredient
5 Concept (n) An abstract idea; a have/grasp/understand/define/formulate/frame
general notion: /
introduce/develop ~;
moral/basic/simple/broad/general, overall ~;
~ album/car/keyboard/map; a(n)
abstract/seminal ~; conception (n): ~ of sth;
concept (adj); conceptual (adj): ~
system/rationale/evaluation /level
/distinction/framework/structure/
component/category/problem/scheme;
conceptualize (v): ~ a/the
crime/process/event/
problem/matter/job/population/system;
syn. idea, notion
6 Condition (n) the state of sth with ~ exist/prevail/ change/improve/deteriorate;
regard to its appearance, market/perfect/bad/excellent ~;
quality, or working order suffer from/live in/work in(under)/ ~ ;
conditioning (n): social ~ ; conditional (adj):
~ choice/acceptance/bail/construction/
agreement/plan; conditionality (n): mutual/
160
~;
conditionally (adv);
syn. state
7 Constraint (n) sth that limits or restricts impose/place/put/remove ~ ; moral/break
sb or sth even/financial/physical/serious/legal/major ~;
~ approach/; constrain (v);
syn. restriction, limitation
8 Diagram (n) a sketch, outline, or plan market/network/circuit/Venn ~;
demonstrating the form draw/depict/illustrate
or workings of something /indicate/represent/show a ~;
diagram (v): ~ a sentence/football play;
diagrammable (adj), diagrammatic (adj),
diagrammatically (adv);
syn. illustration, figure
9 Dimension (n) an aspect or feature of a political/spiritual/material/economic/engineeri
situation, problem, or ng/time/social/spatial/ ~;check/measure/add/
thing: a measurement of give/acquire/take on ~; dimensionality (n),
the size of sth in a dimension (v): ~ the shelf/chair/table/house;
particular direction, such multi/three/two-dimensional (adj): ~
as the length, width, world/look/path/
height, or diameter representation/form/graphics/map
/display/model/design/structure/space/array/
view/picture; dimensionally (adv);
syn. aspect, facet, size
10 Dynamic (adj) characterized by constant ~ economy/equilibrium/range/force
change, activity, or /leader/market/perspective/approach/data/cha
progress; having or nge/
showing a lot of energy development/view/RAM/programming;
be/seem/become/remain ~ ;
dynamical (adj): ~ effect/property/test/
evolution/state/system/variable/equation/proc
ess; dynamically (adv), dynamics (n): ~
simulation/flowchart ;
cultural/information/system/lattice/group ~;
syn. energetic, vigorous
ant. static, slow
11 Effect (n) a change which is a result special/audio/sound/optical/visual/digital/poss
or consequence of an ible/probable/ dramatic/significant/drastic/
action or other cause; an full/decisive/harmful/ far-reaching ~ ;
image or a sound that is bring about/exert/have/produce/take/suffer
created in television, /recover from/come into/assess/estimate
radio, or movies to / examine/measure/study/ameliorate/ cushion/
imitate sth real lessen/minimize/mitigate/reduce/soften ~;
(in)effective (adj);
syn. result, outcome
12 Efficient (adj) capable of producing ~ production/model/change/secretary/
desired results without manufacture/service/manner/procedure/featur
wasting materials, time, e/company/operation;
or energy non/efficiently (adv), non/efficient (adj);
ant. inefficient
syn. effective, productive
161
13 Environment (n) the surroundings or ~ agency/committee/department/ group/
conditions in which a ministry/policy/conference/protection/issues;
person, animal, or plant working/safe/external/business/competitive/so
lives or operates; the ftware/user/learning/physical/local/internation
overall structure within al/natural ~ ; create/provide/adapt to/an ~ ;
which a user, computer, environmentalist (n), environmentally (adv):
or program operates ~ friendly; inter/non/environmental (adj): ~
audit/art/medicine;
syn. surroundings, habitat
14 Evaluation (n) the making of a judgment ~ paper/panel/session/procedure/process/
about the amount, study/issue; carry out/make ~ ; scientific/
number, or value of sth; thorough/programme/empirical/comprehensiv
assessment e/project ~ ; evaluator (n),
evaluate (v): be difficult/be hard ~;
syn. assessment, judgment, appraisal
15 Event (n) a thing that happens or (about an event) happen/occur/take
takes place, especially place/unfold; historic/important/major/
one of importance; a momentous/significant/ media/field ~ ;
single occurrence of a witness/record/celebrate/
process commemorate/enter/take part
in/mark/hold/organize/stage/ an ~ ;
eventless (adj): ~ evening/day;
syn. happening, incident, occasion
16 Experiment (n) a scientific procedure field/laboratory/educational/
undertaken to make a medical/psychological/scientific/practical/tho
discovery, test a ught ~;
hypothesis, or carry out/conduct/do/perform/try/
demonstrate a known fact begin/continue to/an ~;
experimenter (n): ~ effect
experimental (adj): ~ data/psychology ;
experimentally (adv), experimentation (n);
syn. test, enquiry
17 Force (n) strength or energy as an great/terrible/tremendous/full/maximum/
attribute of physical external/internal/friction/elastic/restoring ~s;
action or movement ~ of gravity; resort to/use/take sth
by/increase/decrease/balance/come into/bring
sth into/combine/lead/deploy/withdraw ~;
forcer (n), forceable (adj), forcingly (adv),
forceless (adj);
syn. strength, power
ant. weakness
18 Influence (v) affect or change (sb or ~ sth/sb; influence (n): exert/have ~ over
sth) in an indirect but sth/sb considerable/enormous/great/
usually important way significant ~;
influential (adj);; ,
syn. affect, impact, effect
19 Manipulate (v) handle or control (a tool, easy/know how/learn to ~;
mechanism, information, manipulation (n): symbolic/typeface/
etc.) in a skilful manner conceptual/cynical/information/price/genetic
~;
manipulator (n), manipulative (adj),
manipulatively (adv)
162
syn. influence, control
20 Measure (v) ascertain the size, easy/(im-)possible/difficult/hard to ~;
amount, or degree of sth measure (n): precautionary/ effective ~; take
by using an instrument or ~s;
device measured (adj),
measurement (n): reliable/accurate/precise/
system/technique/scale/unit/error ~;
measurability (n), measurable (adj),
measurably (adv) ;
syn. calculate, compute
21 Model (n) a representation, usually ~ aeroplane/car/building/house/bridge
on a smaller scale, of a /computer/phone;
device, structure, etc. assemble/build/construct/make/produce/desig
n/develop/photograph/shoot a ~; modeler (n),
model (v), modeling (adj) ~ agency/company;
syn. prototype
22 Optimize (v) make the best or most ~ the system/quality/variable/performance/
effective use of (a environment/condition;
situation or resource); optimization (n), optimizer (n);
rearrange or rewrite syn .improve, enhance
(data, software, etc.) to
improve efficiency of
retrieval or processing
23 Option (n) a thing that is or may be ~ scheme/agreement/contract/price;
chosen have/choose/select/offer/limit/take an ~;
optional (adj): be ~; entirely/purely ~;
optionally (adv);
syn. alternative, choice
24 Parameter (n) a numerical or other ~ value/vector/setting model/box/control
measurable factor /equalizer/ programming/mapping/modeling/
forming one of a set that software/solution/test/variable;
defines a system or sets system/path/configuration//interaction/charact
the conditions of its eristic/input/laboratory ~;
operation parametric (adj): ~; optical ~;
parametrical (adj),
syn. specification, limit, framework
25 Predict (v) say or estimate that (a ~ the scenario/date/
specified thing) will outcome/event/rate/behavior/development/sco
happen in the future or re/result/weather/change;
will be a consequence of prediction (n):;
sth make/confirm/fulfill a ~; predictable (adj): ~
pattern/response/reply/movement/flow/questi
on/development/change/event/;
be/seem/become ~; predictive (adj),
predictability (n), predictably (adv);
syn. anticipate, forecast
26 Probability (n) the extent to which sth is ~ of living/arrival/success/;
likely to happen or be the high/real/strong ~;
case have/increase/reduce/assess/calculate/judge
the ~ of sth;
probable (adj): ~
consequence/outcome/cost/profit/effect/sourc
163
e;
probably (adv);
syn. chance, possibility
27 Proportion (n) a part, share, or number in/out of ~ with sth; ~
considered in growth/increase/rise/decline/ decrease/fall;
comparative relation to a express sth/ grow/increase/rise/decline/
whole decrease/diminish/fall in ~; bodily/significant
~; proportional (adj): ~
distribution/growth/share
syn. percentage, ratio
28 Ratio (n) a measure of the relative
size of two classes achieve the ~;
expressed as a proportion rational (adj): ~
function/justification/person//basis/choice/acti
on/analysis/calculation/expectation//behavior;
rationally (adv): act ~;
syn. rate, quotient
29 Result (n) sth that ensues from an demonstrate/indicate/reveal/show/predict/sug
action, policy, course of gest the ~ of sth;
events, etc result (v): ~ from/in/of; have/produce/
achieve/get/obtain/come up
with/get/produce/give/show/wait for/
analyze/evaluate/ present/publish the ~ of sth;
syn. outcome
30 Risk (n) a situation involving ~ group/ assessment/reduction/management;
exposure to danger face/run/take/ entail/incur/involve/pose/
increase/minimize/reduce/
avoid/assess/measure the ~; risky (adj): ~
business/task/job/position/venture/situation/pr
ediction;
riskless (adj),
syn. danger
ant. safety, security
31 Sample (n) a small part of anything, ~
intended as set/book/bottle/unit/machine/part/chip/test/spe
representative of the cimen; survey ~;
whole collect/take/provide/draw/ analyze/study/test
a ~ of sth;
sampler (n): ~ filter/board/drive/
disc/design/idea; onboard/CD/ ~;
syn. specimen
32 Shape (n) the external form, (about a ~): appear/emerge/loom;
contours, or outline of sb cut out/drawalter/ change/determine/influence
or sth distinguish/make out/see the ~ of sth;
shapeable (adj);
syn. form, structure, architecture
33 Simplify (v) make sth simpler or ~ the proceduresolution/construction/
easier to do or data//process/condition/task/;
understand simple (adj): a ~ solution/to operate;
simplification (n), simplified (adj);
ant. complicate sophisticate
164
34 Simulate (v) imitate the appearance or ~ reality/application/process/location/effect;
character of sth designed/used/try to ~;
simulation (n): real-
time/modeling/budding/flight/sport/computer/
interview ~; simulative (adj): ~
approach/deception; simulated (adj): ~
environment/behavior;
syn. imitate
35 Solution (n) a means of solving a easy/drastic/detergent/pragmatic/management
problem or handling a /sugar/soil/moral/viable/test/saline/iodine ~;
difficult situation; a look for/seek/work towards/ achieve/agree
homogeneous mixture of (on)/arrive at/ come up with/find/produce/
two or more substances reach/work out ~;
in which the molecules solve (v): ~ a(n) problem/dispute/
or atoms of the equation/question/mystery; attempt/try/help
substances are sb to ~;
completely dispersed; syn. mixture
36 Statistical (adj) relating to the use of ~ inference/linguistics/mechanics/physics/
statistics or numeric data tables/reliability/control/return/technique/met
hod/information/analysis/term/evidence/study
/comparison;
statistics (n): official/national/government
//(un)employment/criminal/regional/vital/fina
ncial ~; statistically (adv);
syn. numerical
37 Structure (n) the way that sth is built, internal/external/social/atomic/movable/basic/
arranged, or organized; market/complex ~;
the arrangement of and have/lack of/impose/be based on/
relations between the create/devise/establish a ~;
parts or elements of sth (un)structured (adj): ~
complex plan/pattern/whole/graphics/method/interview
/CAD//lesson/system/approach;
syn. form, architecture
38 System (n) a set of things working operate/; ~
together as parts of a software/operation/failure/breakdown;
mechanism or an build/create/design/improve/develop/devise/s
interconnecting network; et up/implement/introduce a ~;
orderliness systematize (v), systematic (adj),
systematically (adv);
syn. order
39 Velocity (n) the speed of sth moving increase/decrease/achieve/attain/reach ~;
in a given direction head/escape/wave/angular/wind/maximum/lo
w/propagation/high/mean ~;
syn. speed
40 Volume (n) an amount or quantity of ~ control/reduction/production/platform/

sth, especially when restriction; incredible/reference/immense/
great; quantity or power classic/main/high ~ ;increase/decrease/
of sound; a book forming reduce/double/grow/rise in ~;
part of a work or series. syn. amount, size
165
испр. и доп. – Масловский Е.К. – ABBYY, 2008.
ACTIVITIES
1. component
2. concept
3. constraint
4. diagram
5. evaluation
6. optimize
7. probability
1. force
2. risk
3. simplify
4. solution
5. system
6. dynamic
7. velocity

analyze
condition,
manipulatively
predict
simulation
(non-)environmental
1. CAD A. a thing that happens or takes place, especially one of importance; a

single occurrence of a process
2. dimension B. ascertain the size, amount, or degree of (something) by using an
instrument or device marked in standard units
3. event C. a representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure,
etc.
4. experiment D. the use of computers to create 2D and 3D designs
166
5. measure E. a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that
defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation
6. model F. a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a
hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact
7. parameter G. a measurement of the size of something in a particular direction,
such as the length, width, height, or diameter
1. People in Africa suffer ______ deterioration of living conditions.

2. Mammals adapt _______ environment in various ways.
3. Sensory evaluation is the process carried ______ to analyze a food product using 5
senses.
4. New family legislation came ______ force in September this year.
5. Physic’s prediction turned _____ to be true.
6. This solution resulted ______ the deep analysis of the problem.

1. velocity - speed A. general and specific
2. efficient - unproductive B. cause and effect
3. dimension – 3D C. contrast
4. experiment - optimization D. method and purpose
5. risk – constraint E. part and whole
6. condition - state F. equivalence
7. diagram – arrow
a proportion
ratio
a result
167
structure
Activity 8. Decode a famous quote of Louis Gerstner (CEO, IBM) and comment on it:
1. 2-dimensional
2. 3-dimensional
3. evaluated
4. manipulated
5. measured
6. predicted
7. simulated
1. simulations
2. simplification
3. analysis
4. CAD
5. evaluation
6. experiment
7. prediction
168
below:
experiment - measurement
manipulation - modeling
proportion - ratio
system - structure
parameter - dimension
Efficient - effective
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________
4. ______________ 4. ______________
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 12. Describe the problems that make computer modeling vital in the following fields:
1 space and air travel

2 fire-fighting
3 earthquake prediction
4 medicine
5 building
Activity 13. Name physical forces that affect a person in the environment, describe their effect
briefly.
Activity 14. Say what CAD software is popular now and what it is used for. Comment on the
CAD uses today
Activity 15. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about the theory of the 4th
dimension.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “diagram - arrow”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “velocity - speed”:
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “optimize” EXCEPT FOR:
169
a) improve b) enhance c) diminish d) advance
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “risk - constraint”:
5 A sketch, outline, or plan demonstrating the form or workings of something is known
as a ____: a) diagram b) system d) parameter d) CAD
6 A small part of anything, intended as representative of the whole is known as ____:
a) portion b) volume d) example d) sample
7 The prediction turned _____ to be true. a) out b) off c) on d) in
8 Sensory evaluation is the process carried_____ to analyze a food product using 5
senses. a) on b) out of c) forward d) out
9 ______ is a general idea or notion that corresponds to some class of entities and that
consists of the characteristic or essential features of the class.
a) component b) concept c) parameter d) model
10 Mark the odd word: a) condition b) conditioner c) conditionality d) conditional
a) risk b) restriction c) limitation d) constraint
12 All of these are antonyms to the word “simplify” EXCEPT FOR:
a) complicate b) perplex c) make difficult d) optimize
13 Mark the odd word: a) analytical b) analysis c) analyst d) analyzer
14 What does CAD stand for? a) computer aided development b) computer aided design
c) computer assisted development d) computer assisted design
15 Gravity, friction, velocity are examples of ___ .
a) physical forces b) physical effects c) dynamic forces d) physical systems
16 All of these collocate with the noun “structure” EXCEPT FOR:
a) external b) internal c) atomic d) efficient
17 Physical, natural, software are examples of all of these EXCEPT FOR:
a) system b) environment c) structure d) condition
18 People in Africa suffer _____ deterioration of living conditions.
a) in b) upon c) about d) from
19 Which of these is NOT a kind of a diagram: a) Venn b) block c) flow d) ratio
20 All of these verbs collocate with the noun “proportion” EXCEPT FOR:
a) increase b) diminish c) measure d) simulate
170
Module 16. MATHEMATICS

1 Add (v) join sth to sth else so as to ~ a detail/category/symbol/figure/formula ;
increase the size, number, or additional (adj): ~ information/ element/
amount benefit/supply/allowance/profit/;
syn. include
ant. delete, exclude
2 Argument (n) a reason or a set of reasons ~ arise/break out/develop/erupt;
given in support of an idea, get involved in/get into/reject/offer/
action or theory present/put forward an ~;
legal/logical/aesthetic/scientific/general/hea
ted ~;argumentation (n):
consecutive/detailed/standard/moral/puzzli
ng/
explicit ~; argumentative (adj)
syn. reasoning
3 Altitude (n) the height of an object or cruise at/fly at/maintain/ reach/rise to/gain
point in relation to sea or the ~; ~
ground level; the sickness/problem/aerobatics/record;
perpendicular distance from ~ of a cone/parallelogram/prism/pyramid/
the vertex to the base of a trapezoid/triangle; altitudinal (adj);
geometrical figure syn. height, elevation
ant. depth
4 Angle (n) the space (usually measured ~ selector/circuit; tilted/right/acute/obtuse/
in degrees) between two straight/positive/negative/interior/exterior
intersecting lines or surfaces ~;
at or close to the point form/make/adjust/alter/ increase/reduce/
where they meet measure/change an ~; view sth at/from
some ~;
angle (v);
syn. tilt, slant
5 Approximate close to the actual, but not ~ time/cost/position/length/location/price/
(adj) completely accurate or exact translation/number/value;
approximation (n): make/give/provide an ~;
approximately (adv), approximative (adj) ~
value/description/measure; approximate
(v): ~ to/by sth;
syn. rough
ant. exact, precise
6 Average (adj) an amount, standard, level, ~ score/consumption/price/wage/age
or rate regarded as usual or /growth/
ordinary; a number density/length/size/number/cost/rate/time/ci
expressing the central or tizen/temperature/family/population; the
typical value in a set of data national ~; on/below/above ~; arrive at/
calculate /find/work out the ~; mean ~;
average (v): ~ out at/to;
syn. median, norm
7 Axis (n) an imaginary line about the horizontal/vertical/x/y/z ~;
which a body rotates; a central/economic
171
fixed reference line for the /major/fundamental/minor/principal ~;
measurement of coordinates revolve/rotate on/around one’s ~;
syn. pivot, pole
8 Base (n) the lowest part or edge of ~ rate/pairing/;
sth, especially the part on firm/solid/strong/solid/monetary
which it rests or is /customer/capital ~; build/lay
supported; a number used as down/expand/increase; based (adj):
the basis of a numeration London-~;
scale base (v): ~ sth on sth, basely (adv)
syn. foundation, bottom
ant. top
9 Calculate (v) determine the amount or ~ the distance/area/index/price/equation/
number of sth problem/task/percentage/cost/value/payme
mathematically nt/
time/wage/the average/length/
formula/mean/median/angle/density/propor
tion; accurately/exactly/carefully /correctly
~; calculation (n), calculator (n): ~ display;
desk/hand-held/pocket/electronic/
programmable/advanced ~
syn. compute, count
ant. miscalculate
10 Coefficient (n) a multiplier or factor that correlation/phi/mean/gravitational/zero/
measures some property dissymmetry/frictional ~; a variable ~;
the ~ of friction
11 Cube (n) a symmetrical three- ice/sugar ~; ~ equation/ root; increase in

dimensional shape, either weight by the ~ of its length; cube (v): ~
solid or hollow, contained the total/a number
by six equal squares; the Cf. cubicle
product of a number
multiplied by its square,
represented by a superscript
figure 3
12 Degree (n) an academic award ~ angle/course/level;
conferred by a university or college/university/first/
college on successful ordinary/undergraduate/higher/ master's/
completion of a course or as postgraduate/research/BA/BEd/BSc/MA/M
an honorary distinction; a Sc /PhD ~; have/earn/hold/do/take/measure
unit of measuring angles; a ~;
the class into which an
equation falls according to
the highest power of
unknowns or variables
present
13 Derive (v) obtain sth from a specified ~ from; largely/mainly/primarily/partly ~;
source; obtain a function by deriver (n), derivable (adj), derivative (n);
applying a sequence of steps derivate (n), derivation (n)
syn. gain, extract
14 Deviate (v) depart from an established ~ from sth; ~ considerably/(in)significantly;
course deviation (n); deviator (n), deviatory (adj)
172
syn. veer from
ant. stay on the course
15 Discrete (adj) separate or distinct in form ~ category/zone/form/equation;
or concept discreteness (n), discretely (adv);
Cf. discreet
16 Divide (v) separate or be separated into ~ into/by/between/among sb/sth; ~
parts; find how many times widen/narrow/bridge/open a ~;
a number contains another great/sharp/cultural/digital/ideological/relig
ious ~; division (n);
dividable (adj);
syn. separate, split, gap
ant. combine
17 Equation (n) a statement of the values of be a part of/come into/enter into an ~;
two mathematical complicated/simple/algebraic/mathematical
expressions being equal ~;
equational (adj): ~ phrase/assignment;
equationally (adv)
18 Exponential becoming more and more ~ curve/equation/growth/rate/model/
(adj) rapid; of or expressed by a component/progression/number/form/functi
mathematical exponent on/distribution/time; grow/increase at an ~
rate;
exponentially (adv): grow/increase ~;
19 Feasible (adj) able to be done or put into ~ point/solution/step;
irrelevant effect be/look/seem/become/consider sth ~;
entirely/perfectly/quite ~;
feasibility (n): ~ testing/study;
feasibly (adv),
syn. possible, doable, achievable
ant. impossible
20 Finite (adj) limited in size or extent ~
world/resource/life/element/curve/point/for
m /periodset/;
almost/practically/virtually ~;
(non)finite (adj), infinity (n): approach/tend
to/towards ~;
syn. limited
ant. unlimited, infinite
21 Formula (n) a general relationship, devise/work out/come up
principle, or rule stated, with/find/provide/ apply/use a ~;
often as an equation, in the complex/empirical/simple
form of symbols /algebraic/chemical/molecular/mathematica
l/scientific ~; formulate (v): ~ a/an
expression/ solution/equation
/view/plan/goal/objective
/idea/proposal/theory/question ; formulaic
(adj): ~ pattern/structure/
exercise/unit/activity/framework/expressio
n
22 Fraction (n) a numerical quantity that is common/complex/compound/continued/
not a whole number; a small decimal/diagonal/
or tiny part, amount, or (im)proper/partial/rational/
173
proportion of sth: a ratio of simple/split/unit ~;
two expressions or numbers a large/significant/sizeable/substantial
other than zero /mere/small ~;
syn. portion
ant. whole, integer
23 Function (n) the intended purpose of a chief/main/major/primary/ prime/dual ~;
person or thing in a specific hold/attend/go to/ have/carry out/
role; a relationship or fulfill/perform/serve a ~ ; functionary (n):
expression involving one or state/chief/government /station/party ~;
more variables; a large or functional (adj): ~ specification
formal social event or /analysis/competence/skills/language/appro
ceremony ach/procedure; functionally (adv)
syn. purpose
24 Integer (n) a number which is not a ~
fraction; a whole number order/values/solution/variable/performance
/unit/application/number; decimal/algebraic
~;
ant. fraction
25 Linear (adj) arranged in or extending ~ equation/accelator/algebra/combination/
along a straight or nearly content/(in)dependence/function/interpolati
straight line on/measure/programming/space/graph;
(non)linearity (n): ~ error/test; linearly
(adv)
syn. straight
ant. crooked
26 Logarithm (n) a quantity representing the ~ of number/figure/price/volatility/;
power to which a fixed common/natural ~;
number (the base) must be logarithmic (adj): ~ transformation/division
raised to produce a given /spiral/expression/scale/progression/techniq
number ue/form/term/graph
27 Multiply (v) increase or cause to increase ~ the weight/equation/risk/figure
greatly in number or /coefficient; cross ~; ~ by ten;
quantity multiplication (n): ~ table/sign; multiplier
(n): ~ effect; multiplicity (n),
multipliable (adj), multiplicative (adj)
28 Number (n) an arithmetical value registration/job/average/plate/car/card ~;
expressed by a word, add/divide/multiply/subtract//dial/phone ~;
symbol, or figure, cardinal/ordinal/decimal/ high/low/prime/
representing a particular random/(un)lucky/winning/(un)even/odd ~;
quantity and used in numbered (adj)
counting and making
calculations
29 Outcome (n) sth that happens as a result affect/influence/decide/determine/achieve/h
of an activity or process ave /produce the(an) ~;
final/possible/likely/ probable/
anticipated/(un)expected/inevitable/(un)inte
nded, logical/predicted ~;
syn. result
30 Precise (adj) marked by exactness and ~
accuracy of expression or calculation/identification/solution/wording
detail /value/measurement/language/concept/locat
174
ion/number/definition/length/width/height;
extremely/very/absolutely/fairly/quite ~;
precision (n), precisely (adv);
syn. exact
ant. imprecise, approximate
31 Property (n) sth of value, either tangible, ~ market/prices/value/developer/
such as land, or intangible, owner/tax; hold/own/acquire/buy/invest
such as patents, copyrights, in/purchase/inherit/sell/lease/let/rent out ~;
etc.; a quality, attribute, or affect the ~ of sth; attribute the ~ to sth;
distinctive feature of sth medical/mechanical/basic ~ies;
syn. possession, quality, feature
32 Proportion (n) a part, share, or number alternate/direct/inverse ~; ~
considered in comparative grow/increase/rise/ decline/decrease/fall;
relation to a whole; a ratio equivalent/similar/
between two variable different/differing/varying/ fixed/exact/
quantities approximate/average/overall ~;
proportion (v); (dis)proportionate (adj);
syn. percentage
ant. disproportion
33 Ratio (n) a measure of the relative reduce/calculate/find/work
size of two classes out/achieve/have/ improve/worsen the ~;
expressible as a proportion; high/low/ benefit-to-risk/power-to-weight,
a quotient of two numbers etc. ~;
or quantities syn. correlation
34 Reduce (v) make smaller or less in ~ the
amount, degree, or size emission/risk/cost/amount/number/danger/
incidence/proportion/inflation;
aim/attempt/seek/try/designed/
intended/expected/likely to ~;
reducer (n): noise/water/acid ~;
reduction (n): ~ target;
achieve/make/secure /avoid/ask
for/demand/seek ~;
syn. lessen
ant. increase, enlarge
35 Rigid (adj) unable to bend or be forced ~
out of shape convention/policy/pattern/form/line/system
;
be/feel/lie/look/stand/
become/go/remain/grow/ ~; rigidity (n),
rigidly (adv);
syn. stiff, inflexible
ant. flexible
36 Root (n) the basic cause, source, or ~ cause/system/crops/vegetables; ~ for/ sb
origin of sth; a number or for;
quantity that when get/go back to/return to the ~; square ~;
multiplied, typically by a calculate the ~ of;
specified number of times,
gives a specified number or
quantity; a user account
with full and unrestricted
access to a system
175
37 Sequence (n) a particular order in which whole/continuous/complex/correct/alphabet
related things follow each ical/chronological/logical/natural/random
other ~;
complete/follow the ~; sequential (ad): ~
access/circuit/step/structure/procedure/stag
e/process/pattern/file/data;
syn. arrangement
38 Subtract (v) take away (a number or ~ the number/amount/percentage/sum/
amount) from another to interest/result; subtraction (n): ~
calculate the difference process/problem/term/tool/assay/technique;
subtractor(er) (n), subtractive (adj): ~
gesture/procedure;
syn. deduct
ant. add
39 Value (n) the importance, worth, or ~ system; place/put/set/add ~ on/to sth;
usefulness of sth; an increase/ raise/double/triple the ~ of sth; ,
amount, esp. a material or etc.; high/low/full/total /real/true/nominal
monetary one, considered to ~; valued (adj); valueless (adj);
be a fair exchange in return (in)valuable (adj): ~ service/contribution;
for sth syn. worth, price
40 Verify (v) make sure or demonstrate ~ a(n)
that sth is true, accurate, or formula/code/equation/solution//identity/
justified address/detail/condition/position/authenticit
y; verifier (n), verifiable (adj), verifiably
(adv), verification (n): ~
data/center/procedure /place

испр. и доп. – Масловский Е.К. – ABBYY, 2008.
2. Telecom ABC. [Online]. Available: http://www.telecomabc.com [Accessed: 3 Nov. 2015]
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon.htm [Accessed: 3 Nov. 2015]
ACTIVITIES
1. derive
2. altitude
3. calculate
4. deviate
5. divide
6. feasible
7. finite
1. add
2. approximate
3. average
176
4. fraction
5. precise
6. reduce
7. rigid

add
argument
calculating
derive
functionally
multiplication
1. angle A. the class into which an equation falls according to the highest
power of unknowns or variables present
2. axis B. a general relationship, principle, or rule stated, often as an
equation, in the form of symbols
3. coefficient C. the space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting
lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet
4. degree D. a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the
base) must be raised to produce a given number
5. equation E. the product of all the factors of a term excluding one or more
specified variables; a numerical or constant quantity placed before
and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression
6. formula F. an imaginary line about which a body rotates; a fixed reference
line for the measurement of coordinates
7. logarithm G. a statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are
equal
1. Suddenly he found himself involved ______ an argument.

2. Average is a number arrived _____by totaling a set of values and then dividing that sum
by the number of values in the set.
3. Commercial jets fly ____ 9000 meters altitude.
4. During debates students should put ____ good arguments to support their point of view.
5. How do scientists and mathematicians come ___ _____ theories?
6. Pi tends ________ infinity.
7. Investing _____ property can provide high returns. It also runs the risk of a deep-
pocketed loss.
8.
177
1. multiply - divide A. general and specific
2. equation - value B. cause and effect
3. equation – linear equation C. contrast
4. property - possession D. method and purpose
5. verification - trust E. part and whole
6. reduction – deficit F. equivalence
7. subtract - add
a number
outcome
proportion
Adj/Verb Target vocabulary unit
root
Activity 8. Activity 8. Decode Tobias Dantzig’s saying about mathematics and comment on it:
178
1. added
2. calculated
3. approximated
4. derived
5. divided
6. reduced
7. valued
1. equation
2. base
3. average
4. verification
5. argumentation
6. approximation
7. coefficient
below:
1. equation – formula
2. number – value
3. altitude – angle
4. approximate – average
5. derivation – deviation
6. division – fraction
7. integer – number
1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. _____________
2. ______________ 2. ______________
2. _____________
3. ______________ 3. ______________
3. _____________ 179
4. ______________ 4. ______________
5. ______________ 5. ______________
Activity 12. Calculate the following equations, comment on every step you make to get the
outcome:
8a - 8d = 74
2 4
4m n + 2m = 0 5a2 – 5a = 35
Activity 13. Analyze the complexity of different equation types: a) linear; b) quadratic; c)
exponential; d) trigonometric.
Activity 14. Write down 3 formulas and comment on them.
Activity 15. Do a mini-research and prepare a short report about famous mathematicians and
their theories.
TEST
1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “equation - value”:

2 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “property - possession”:
3 All of these are synonymous to the word “derive” EXCEPT FOR:
a) gain b) receive c) become d) get
4 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “reduction – deficit”:
5 The space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or
close to the point where they meet is known as______: a) angle b) base d) degree d) axis
6 A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an
algebraic expression is known as a(n)___: a) value b) number d) argument d) coefficient
7 During debates students should put _____ good arguments to support their point of view.
a) forward b) for c) aside d) in
8 Pi tends ____ infinity.
a) forward b) for c) to d) towards
9 ______ is a quotient of two numbers or quantities.
a) coefficient b) ratio c) vale d) fraction
1 Mark the odd word: a) multiplication b) multiplicity c) multiplier d) multiple
0
1 All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR: a) derive b) calculate c) compute d) count
1
1 All of these are antonyms to the word “precise” EXCEPT FOR:
2 a) incorrect b) imprecise c) approximate d) feasible
1 The result obtained by adding together several amounts and then dividing this total by the
3 number of such amounts is known as ___ :
a) average b) approximation c) reduction d) deduction
1 Linear, quadratic, exponential, trigonometric are examples of:
4 a) equations b) formulas c) values d) functions
1 Subtracting, adding, dividing and multiplying are examples of ___.
180
5 a) mathematical operations b) argumentation c) functions d) sequence
1 All of these collocate with the noun “outcome” EXCEPT FOR:
6 a) probable b) anticipated c) inevitable d) inverse
1 ‘S = v*t’ is an example of a___: a) fraction b) formula c) ratio d) function
7
1 Commercial jets fly _____ 9000 meters altitude. a) about b) above c) below d) at
8
1 Which of these is an example of an odd number: a) 15 b) 14 c) 18.2 d) 20.4
9
2 Which of these is NOT an example of an equation:
0 a) linear b) quadratic c) exponential d) derivational
181
KEYS
Module 1. PEOPLE IN IT
1. geek addict
2. administrator manager
3. layman amateur
4. end-user consumer
5. client customer
6. wizard genius
7. provider supplier
1. backend front-end
2. encrypt decrypt
3. layman professional
4. newbie wizard
5. master slave
6. vendor buyer
7. client provider

operator,
operate operational operationally
operation
special,
specifics specialize specially
specialized
programmed,
program program --
programmable
developing,
development develop developed, developmentally
developmental
consumer,
consumerism, consume consumable --
consumption
analyst
analyze analytical Analytically
analysis
Activity 4. Match the given terms with their definitions: 1C 2D 3A 4E 5B 6G 7F
1C 2D 3A 4F 5E 6B 7C
182
1 on 2 on 3 in 4 beyond 5 to 6 in 7 up

system
network
software administrator
hardware
hotel

experienced
skillful
end user
power
default

application
Java
experienced programmer
systems
skillful

network
product
program manager
company
department
Activity 8. Decode John Pfeiffer’s saying about computers and people and comment on it:
Man is a slow, sloppy, and brilliant thinker; computers are fast, accurate, and stupid.
TEST 1c 2a 3a 4d 5c 6b 7c 8d 9c 10c 11d 12a 13c 14a 15a 16d 17c 18b 19b 20c
Module 2. DEVICES AND GADGETS
1. upgrade improve
2. sensor detector
3. display show
3. monitor screen
183
4. connect link
5. swap trade/exchange
6. gadget gizmo
7. smart clever
1. conceal display/reveal
2. wearable unwearable
3. input output
4. clever dumb
5. downgrade upgrade
6. assist hinder
7. upgrade degrade

optician optical optically
digit digitize digitized digitally
wearability wear un/wearable
connection connect connected connectedly
monitor/ monitor monitorial/
monitorship monitored
assistance/ant assist assistive
smartness smart smartly
1. Today, our lives are filled with all manner of gadgets, gizmos and convenience goods.
2. The company has no plans to move into the growing marker for digital applications.
3. A new service enabling you to purchase/reserve your tickets by Facsimile.
4. In the United States, there is a discernable preference for products with the technological
appeal of a ‘gadget’.
5. He was charged with murder.
6. Who is in charge of the department?
7. I have not subscribed to the magazine.
vocabulary units:

certificate
signature
digital divide
film
audio

second-hand gadget
184
device
book
computer
car

pc
pen
tablet phone
case
computer

replace
dis/connect
upgrade speakers
configure
furbish

1C 2A 3E 4G 5D 6B 7F
1C 2F 3E 4B 5D 6A 7A
Activity 8. Decode Steve Jobs’ saying about computer device and comment on it:
Our goal is to make the best devices in the world. Not to be the biggest.
TEST 1b 2d 3b 4a 5c 6a 7b 8d 9c 10d 11c 12b 13d 14a 15a 16b 17a 18 d 19a 20a
Module 3. TEXTING
1. justify align
2. alternative option, choice
3. cursive italic(s)
4. conspicuous bold
5. delete erase
6. folder directory
7. paste glue
1. bold debold
2. select deselect
3. movable immovable
4. italicize de-italicize
5. movable Immovable, unmovable
185
6. correct incorrect
7. upper case lower case

alignment align aligned
deleted,
deletion delete
un/deletable
movement move im/movable immovably
option opt optional optionally
stricken,
stroke strike strikingly
striking
margin marginalize marginal marginally
image imagine un/imaginable
correction,
correct in/correct in/correctly
corrector

1B 2D 3E 4F 5A 6G 7C

1 in 2 on, on, to 3 by 4 for 5 for 6 to 7 in
1C 2D 3A 4E 5B 6G 7F
1A 2F 3A 4E 5C 6E 7D
Activity 8. What is so seductive about texting is you want to know who wants you.
Activity 9. Name things/operations you can do and say how you can do them:
1. to emphasize a word in a text – 3 (bold, italics highlight)
2. to eliminate mistakes in a text 3 (proofread, correct, edit)
3. while working with a text on a computer - 10 (type, paste, copy, cut, insert, select, save, align,
etc.)
4. to make your text look better – 6 (indent, bullet, format, layout, align, margin)
TEST 1c 2a 3c 4b 5b 6a 7c 8b 9b 10d 11a 12b 13d 14b 15a 16c 17b 18a 19b 20b
Module 4. HARDWARE
1. break downtime
2. remove displace
3. decoder encipher
186
4. repair fix
5. convert change/transform
6. maintain preserve
7. battery power unit
1. keep remove
2. damage repair
3. periphery center
4. master slave
5. operate stop
6. uptime downtime
7. transform retain

repair repairer repair (ir)reparable irreparably
operation operate operational operationally
mouse mouse mouse-like
breakage break-up/break un/non/breakable breakably
off/breakdown
process process processable
configuration configure configurative/ configurationally
configurational
expandability expand expandable

1 into 2 on 3 from 4 with 5 into 6 into
vocabulary units:

dis/connect
upgrade
replace a joystick
fix
hold

create
isolate
provide a laser
develop
use

operate a computer
187
procedure
system
device
machine

information
code
process data
control
management

1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.E
1C 2D 3E 4A 5E 6F 7B
1.C 2.E 3.A 4.B 5.D 6F
Activity 9. Decode Ken Olsen’s saying about computer security and comment on it:
Software comes from heaven when you have good hardware.
TEST 1d 2a 3c 4c 5a 6c 7d 8d 9b 10c 11a 12b 13d 14d 15c 16d 17c 18c 19a 20c
Module 5. SOFTWARE
1. boot reset, restart

2. catalogue archive, directory
3. design architecture, arrangement, construction, layout
4. embed enclose, inlay, engrain, insert
5. emulate imitate, copy
6. function feature, action, activity, operation
7. icon figure, picture, symbol
8. implement achieve, carry out, complete, realize, resolve
1. add subtract, deduct, decrease, diminish

2. context foreground
3. function idleness, inactivity
4. kernel periphery, outside
5. launch cease, close, end finish
6. release detain, hold, imprison, keep, limit, restrain
7. system disorganization, chaos
188

application apply (non)applicable applicably
applicability implicational applicative
applicative
installer (un)install installable -
installing
installation
installability
iteration iterate iterative iteratively
iterated iteratedly
iterating
pointer point pointless pointlessly
point pointed
update update updated -
updater
updating
implement implement implemented -
implementer implementable
implementor
implementability
implementation

1 with 2 of/behind 3 to 4 into 5 on 6 out 7 to
vocabulary units:

address
administrator
administration
a cluster allocation
acceleration
bomb
address

publishing
computer
application
desktop configuration
presentation
analysis
environment

system interface
program
189
graphical
object
user
functional

configure
release
maintain
design
software
debug
distribute
implement
manage/control

public
debugging
disk compression utility
maintenance
setup

change
deficiency
error
specification writer
requirements
review
statement

demo
beta
professional
version
trial
crippled
licensed
Activity 6. Match the definitions with different types of –ware:

1D 2F 3G 4A 5B 6C 7E
1B 2D 3A 4B 5E 6F 7A
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about software and comment on it:

Software is a great combination between artistry and engineering
TEST 1d 2a 3b 4a 5d 6b 7a 8a 9a 10c 11b 12d 13a 14d 15b 16d 17c 18c 19b 20d
190
Module 6. CYBERSPACE
1. block stop, prevent from, hinder, ban

2. community society, group
3. emoticon smiley
4. forum message board, conference, newsgroup
5. link tie, connection, (cross-)reference
6. monitor control, check, audit
7. WWW global network, the Internet
1. virtual real, actual

2. block permit, give access, allow
3. log in log off, log out
4. snail mail e-mail
5. implicit Explicit
6. external internal
7. anonymous open, known, identified, disclosed, signed

account
accountability
accounting
accountancy account accountably
accountable
accountant
accounting
link
linked
linkage link -
linkable
linkability
mailing
mail
mail mailed -
mailing
mailable
monitor
monitor monitored -
monitoring
navigable
navigator
navigate navigational navigably
navigation
navigating
stream
streaming
streaming stream -
streamed
streamer
trace
traceless
tracing
trace traced tracelessly
traceability
tracing
tracer
191
1 into 2 of 3 to 4 through 5 to 6 into/out of 7 by
vocabulary units:

space
warfare
criminal
offence
cyber culture
café
security

create
maintain
a blog
contribute to
add content to

page
list
directory
contents
dictionary
management
filtering
Adjective/Noun Target vocabulary unit

latest
irritating
abusing
feed
news
events
line
parallel

delete
steal
spy
cookies
enable
disable
switch on/off

e- mail
book
journal
192
commerce
banking
cash
zine
Target vocabulary unit Adjective/Noun

ageing
generation
changing
authentication
password
identification
logout

1C 2E 3H 4F 5A 6D 7G 8B
1F 2D 3A 4C 5E 6B 7E
Activity 8: Decode a famous saying about the Internet and comment on it:
The Internet could be a very positive step towards education, organization and participation in a
meaningful society.
TEST 1a 2a 3d 4d 5c 6c 7d 8a 9b 10c 11a 12c 13d 14b 15b 16b 17b 18b 19b 20b
Module 7. CYBER CRIME
1. bootlegger pirate
2. combat struggle, fight
3. committed to sth dedicated to sth
4. breach violation, infringement
5. stealth theft
6. cyberslacking cyberloafing
7. filter sift away
1. breach violate, break

2. repudiate accept, adopt
3. violation compliance
4.conformity non-conformity
5. copyright copyleft
6. piracy antipiracy
7. black-hat cracker white-hat cracker
193
commitment commit committed --
intruder intrude un/intrusive un/intrusively
crime
--- criminal criminally
criminal
stealth steal stealthy stealthily
fraud fraud Fraudulent fraudulently
flood flood flooded ---
(non-) (non-) (non-)
comply
compliance compliant compliantly

1 to 2 to 3 to 4 out of 5 on 6 in 7 with
Activity 5. Complete the tables below with missing words of the given part of speech that form
strong partnerships with the target vocabulary unit:
Verb Target vocabulary
unit
control
commit a
suspect a fraud
combat
protect against

unit
install
download
detect a worm/virus
neutralize
spread
disseminate
Target vocabulary unit Nouns

a crime
a murder
commit an error
suicide
Activity 6. Match the terms with their definitions:

1C 2F 3D 4E 5A 6G 7B 8H
1F 2E 3D 4A 5F 6B 7D
194
Activity 8. Decode a saying about crime:
Commit a sin twice and it will not seem a crime.
Activity 9. Name at least 2 kinds of crime that involve:

1. violation of social norms ( cyberbullying, trolling, cyberslacking)
2. telephone calls (phracking, phreaking)
3. copyright violations (piracy bootlegging)
4. misdirecting or impeding traffic (mousetrapping, pharming)
5. stealing confidential data (phishing, scavenging)
6. identity theft (spoofing, keylogging, piggybacking)
Activity 10. What kind of crime you might be a victim to if:

1. Your telephone/Internet bills have risen significantly (phreaking)
2. Your account information has changed (data diddling)
3. You receive threats and insults on the net (bullying, trolling)
4. The money in your bank account has disappeared (data diddling, spoofing, salami slicing)
5. You receive a lot of unwanted e-mails (phishing, spamming)
6. Your copyright is violated (piracy, bootlegging)
7. You can’t leave an Internet page (mouse-trapping)
TEST 1a 2b 3d 4b 5b 6c 7a 8a 9b 10c 11a 12c 13b 14c 15a 16b 17a 18b 19a 20d
Module 8. CYBER SECURITY
1. authenticate verify, validate, confirm

2. authorize entitle
3. compromise undermine, weaken, injure, harm
4. deny reject, dismiss, decline
5. endanger expose imperil/jeopardize sb/sth
6. disrupt discontinue, interfere
7. intrude encroach, infringe, invade, disrupt
1. encrypt decrypt
2. code decode
3. admit deny
4. vulnerable protected safe
5. confidential public, unconfidential
6. succeed fail
7. cipher decipher
8. proprietary Public generic

195
confidence Confide confidential confidentially
Denied,
denial deny Undeniably
deniable
validity Validate In/valid/ated validly
safety save safe safely
Detection
detect detected
detective
digit digitize digital digitally
Penetrating
penetration penetrate impenetrably
im/penetrable

1 under 2 upon 3 to 4 to 5 for 6 on 7 for 8 on/upon 9 into
vocabulary units:

unit
renew
issue
grant
get a certificate
obtain
revoke

unit
install
construct
bypass a firewall
Set up

information
service
confidential performance check
details
data

string
generator
code inspection
length
point
196
channel
security mode
link
dedicated terminal
web page
employee
LAN
line

access
a privilege
a claim
deny the existence of sth
evidence
a law
sb’s right to sth

1B 2A 3E 4C 5D 6G 7F
1F 2D 3C 4D 5E 6A 7C
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about computer security and comment on it:
Security is not a product but a process
TEST 1b 2c 3b 4a 5d 6c 7b 8d 9b 10d 11b 12a 13b 14c 15c 16b 17d 18c 19b 20b
Module 9. TRENDS IN IT
Activity 1. Give synonyms and/or antonyms:
1. quantum programming binary programming

2. agile waterfall, flexible
3. accelerate decelerate, quicken
4. synchronous asynchronous simultaneous
5. integrated disintegrated, discrete
6. real time virtual time
7. remote local, distant
8. tolerant Intolerant

multiplication multiply multiple ---
197
modification modify modified ---
recognized,
recognition recognize
recognizable
tolerance tolerate in/tolerant in/tolerantly
amplifier,
amplify amplified ---
amplification
intelligence --- intelligent intelligently
robot robotize robotic/al robotically
Activity 3. Complete the tables with verbs, nouns or adjectives to form collocations with the
given target vocabulary units:
Noun Target vocabulary unit

water
fool
idiot -proof
bullet
earthquake
sound

technology
material
fibre
nano- particle
tube
scale
second
bot

control
access
terminal
remote location/area
administration tool
alarm sensor

vision
phone
transportation
tele kinesis
commuting
communication
198
marketing

1c 2d 3a 4b 5f 6e

1. with 2. in 3. of 4. to 5. at 6. to 7 from
Activity 6. Fill in the blanks with the words “-tolerant”, “-proof”, “multi-“, “tele-“”-free”
1 tele 2 multi 3 proof 4 proof 5 tolerant 6 free 7 tele 8 proof
1A 2F 3F 4C 5D 6B 7A 8F
Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about innovations and comment on it:
Never before in history has innovation offered promise of so much to so many in so short a
time.
TEST 1c 2a 3c 4a 5b 6d 7d 8b 9d 10a 11d 12c 13b 14b 15b 16d 17a 18b 19b 20c
Module 10. DATA STORAGE

1. erase delete
2. format configure
3. retention preservation
4. preserve save
5. archive library
6. backup mirror
7. cache hide
1. subscribe unsubscribe
2. fragment defragment
3. compress decompress
4. upload download
5. extend reduce
6. preserve destroy

record record recordable/recorded
storage store storable
archive archive archived
compressibility/compressio
compress compressible
n
199
subscription/subscriber un/subscribe un/subscribable
retentive/retentiveness retain retentive retentively
in/accessibility access in/accessible accessibly

1. to 2. on 3. from 4. in 5. from 6. for 7. with
vocabulary units:

restore
delete
create a file
transfer
store

card
stick
memory chip
protection
cycle

data
evidence
preserve integrity
system
identity

1.D 2.B 3.E 4.C 5.A 6. G 7. F
1.E 2.F 3.C 4.B 5. F 6. C 7. F
Activity 8. Decode a famous saying about computer device and comment on it:
Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage.
TEST 1c 2a 3d 4b 5b 6b 7a 8b 9d 10c 11c 12a 13b 14c 15a 16c 17c 18c 19c 20a
Module 11. NETWORKS
1. allocate assign, withhold

2. bandwidth frequency rate
3. cable cord, wire
200
4. channel pathway, tunnel, route
5. framework plan, scheme, structure
6. session conference, period
7. hub center, nucleus
1. connect disconnect, disjoin, divide

2. receiver transmitter, sender
3. frequency infrequency, irregularity
4. noise silence, peace, calmness
5. server client
6. transmit receive, get
7. wireless wired, cable, landline

forward
forwarding (re)forward -
forwarded
transmission transmitting
transmit -
transmitter transmitted
collision
collide collided -
collider
connection
connector connect connected connectedly
connectivity
frequency - frequent frequently
addressable
address address addressing -
addressed

1 via 2 over 3 up 4 from 5 of 6 on 7 up
vocabulary units:

television
radio
broadcast news
live
media

find a hotspot
(dis)connect to
allow access to
place
201
relocate

flow
corruption
sniffer
packet
access
address
analysis

optimization
upper
lower
physical
transport layer
user
application

enable
program
access a terminal
build
adjust

dedicated
corporate
cable
television network
radio
local
wireless

path
route
access
telecommunication bandwidth
satellite
hardware
device

1C 2A 3H 4E 5D 6B 7F 8G
1F 2E 3D 4C 5B 6A 7D
202
Activity 8: Decode a famous saying about the Web and comment on it:
On the Web we all become small-town visitors lost in the big city
TEST 1b 2d 3b 4d 5c 6a 7b 8a 9a 10d 11b 12c 13c 14c 15c 16c 17d 18d 19a 20d
Module 12. PROGRAMMNIG
1. maintain control, keep, manage, support

2. bug failure, error, flaw, defect
3. tool instrument, apparatus, device
4. command direction, order, instruction
5. condition state, stipulation, prerequisite
6. execute accomplish, implement, perform
7. manual reference book, handbook, guidebook
1. binary decimal, hexadecimal

2. compile decompile, decompose
3. patch dispatch
4. assemble dissemble
5. code decipher, decrypt

composition composed
composite compose composable composably
composability
computer computable
computability compute computational
-
computation computerize computerized
computing
errorless
error err erroneously
erroneous
generated
generating generating generatively
generate
generator generative
generic
instruction
instructive
instructiveness instruct
instructional instructively
instructor uninstruct
instructress
reversibility reverse reverse reversely
reverser reversed
reversion
203
reversal
test
testing
testability test -
testable
testing
Activity 4. Put the words in the right column:
in- de- un- mis- dis-

dependent bug skillful configure patch
experienced crypt instruct integrate
Stability code uninstall
efficiency construct
compatibility compress
compile
vocabulary units:

version
display
applet area
viewer
virus

access
analysis
chip
array
data
component
element

execution
multitasking
parent
mail thread
main
group
package

write
compose
create a script
encode
decode
204
standard
established
build-in
procedure
embedded
long
complicated

option
address
mode
default network
parameter
user
value
Target vocabulary unit Adjective

bound
driven
centered
process-
flexible
independent
specific

1D 2E 3C 4G 5A 6B 7F
1F 2E 3D 4A 5B 6C 7C
Activity 8: Decode a famous saying about programming and comment on it:

Programming is logic-based creativity.
TEST 1c 2d 3c 4c 5a 6d 7d 8c 9b 10b 11a 12d 13d 14b 15a 16d 17d 18a 19d 20a
Module 13. RADIOELECTRONICS
1. aperture breach, hole, eye, opening

2. cover screen, wrapping
3. delay suspend, postpone, put off
4. module unit, piece of, part of
5. regulate control, manage, administer, maintain
6. synchronize harmonize, coordinate
7. terminate cease, stop
205
1. attenuation increase, enlargement, strengthening

2. coupling disconnection, disjoining
3. damp dry,
4. exposure concealing, covering, shelter
5. resist accept, surrender, give in
6. scatter collect, gather
7. locate displace

disturbance disturb disturbing, disturbed disturbingly
(dis-)covered,
(dis-)coverage, cover,
(dis-)cover covering, coverable, -
coverage, coverer
coverless
intense, intensified, intensely,
intensity intensify
intensive intensively
module, modulator, modulatory,
modulate -
modulation modulated
reflecting, reflected,
reflection, reflector reflect -
reflectory
terminated,
terminator, terminating,
terminate
termination terminatory,
terminative
stability, stabilizer,
stabilize stable, stabled Stably
stabilization

1G 2F 3E 4D 5C 6B 7A

1 to 2 of 3 into 4 to 5 out 6 as
1F 2C 3F 4E 5A 6B 7D

sound
light attenuation
frequency
dissonance
signal
206
site
fire
tower beacon
system
center

guitar
bass
acoustic environment
wave
effect

calculate
measure
change density
vary
increase/decrease

cloud
optics
electron tube
pair
transfer
Activity 8. Decode Alison Gopnik’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:
The radio was an improvement on the telegraph but it didn’t have the same effect.
TEST 1b 2d 3c 4a 5a 6a 7 b 8a 9b 10a 11d 12d 13c 14c 15b 16c 17a 18a 19a 20a
1. beam ray of light, glow, radiation laser

2. bear carry, support, hold up
3. disperse spread, diffuse, distribute, disseminate, propagate
4. distort alter, pervert, falsify
5. mount ascend, increase, grow, fix
6. power capacity, energy
7. sequence series, arrangement, progression, string
1. detect neglect, ignore, conceal

2. landline Wi-Fi, satellite connection, cellular
207
3. standard abnormal, atypical
4. distort preserve
5. mobile immobile, immovable, static
6. remote close, near
7. vibration stillness, calmness

detector, detection,
detective, detect detectable detectably
detectability
mounting, mounter mount mounted, mountable -
propagation, propagable,
propagate -
propagator propagative
sensory, sensorial,
sensor, sensitivity - sensorily
sensitive
transitory, transitional,
transition transit transitionally
transitionary
vibrational, vibratory,
vibration vibrate -
vibrationless

1D 2G 3E 4F 5A 6C 7B

1 over 2on 3into 4up 5 about 6 up in
1 F 2C 3E 4F 5D 6A 7B

alternative
solar
nuclear energy
kinetic
internal

fuel
battery
power indicator
direction
frequency

control
208
area
remote storage
device
site

radio
weather
air sonde
rocket
satellite

control
congestion
traffic light
sign
density
Telecommunications will make the world very small.
TEST 1b 2d 3c 4a 5a 6a 7b 8a 9b 10a 11d 12d 13c 14c 15b 16c 17a 18a 19a 20a
Module 15. COMPUTER MODELING
1. component part
2. concept idea, notion
3. constraint restriction, limitation
4. diagram illustration, figure
5. evaluation assessment, judgement, estimation, appraisal
6. optimize improve, enhance, advance, amend
7. probability chance, possibility
1. force weakness
2. risk safety, security
3. simplify complicate, perplex
4. solution problem, issue
5. system disorder
6. dynamic slow, idle
7. velocity slowness, delay
209
analysis, analyst,
analytic, analyzation, analyze analyzable, analytical, analytically,
analyzer
condition,
conditioner,
condition- (un-)conditional, (un-)conditionally
conditioning,
conditionality
manipulation,
manipulative,
manipulator, manipulate manipulatively
manipulable
manipulability
predictability,
prediction, predict predictable predictably
predictableness
simulation simulate simulative -
environment, (non-)
- (non-)environmental,
environmentalist environmentally

1D 2G 3A 4F 5B 6C 7E

1 from 2 to 3 out 4into 5out 6 from
1F 2C 3A 4D 5B 6F 7E

grow
increase
decline a proportion
diminish
rise

function
calculation
analysis ratio
existence
behavour

demonstrate
predict
indicate a result
reveal
210
suggest

external
internal
atomic structure
versatile
basic
Activity 8. Decode a famous quote of Louis Gerstner (CEO, IBM) and comment on it:
Computers are magnificent tools for the realization of our dreams, but no machine can replace
the human spark of spirit, compassion, love, and understanding.
TEST 1d 2d 3c 4b 5a 6d 7a 8d 9b 10d 11a12d 13a 14b 15a 16d 17d 18d 19d 20d
Module 16. MATHEMETICS
1. derive gain, receive

2. altitude peak, height, elevation
3. calculate compute, count
4. deviate veer
5. divide separate
6. feasible possible, doable, achievable
7. finite limited
1. add exclude, subtract

2. approximate exact, precise
3. average extraordinary
4. fraction whole
5. precise imprecise, incorrect, wrong, approximate
6. reduce increase, enlarge
7. rigid flexible

addedly
additive, addition add addible, addable
additionally
argument, argumentative,
argue argumentatively
argumentation argumentated
calculative,
calculation, calculator (mis)calculate -
calculating
derivative, derivation derive derivatory derivatively
211
function, functionary function (non-)functional functionally
multiplication,
multipliable,
multiplicity, multiply multiplicatively
multiplicative
multiplier

1C 2F 3E 4A 5G 6B 7D

1 in 2 at 3 at 4 frward 5 up with 6 towards 7 in
1C 2E 3A 4F 5D 6B 7C

add
divide
multiply a number
subtract
dial

probable
anticipated
expected outcome
inevitable
logical

alternate
(in-)direct
continued proportion
inverse
mixed
Adj/Verb Target vocabulary unit

square
get the
derive the root
return to the
calculate the
Activity 8. Decode Tobias Dantzig’s saying about mathematics and comment on it:
Mathematics is the supreme judge; from its decisions, there is no appeal.
TEST 1d 2d 3c 4b 5a 6b 7a 8d 9b 10d 11a 12d 13a 14a 15a 16d 17b 18d 19a 20d
212
213

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов ИТ специальностей, изучающих курс

№ Term Definition Usage

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Activity 5. Insert prepositions:

1. He is a newbie – the computer.

Concepts Type of logical relations

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Adj/N Target vocabulary unit

Adj/N Target vocabulary unit

Adj/N Target vocabulary unit

front end - back end programmer

1 What is the logical relationship between the concepts “master - slave”:

18 Headset (n) a device that holds an a high performance/cordless/

1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available: http://www.techopedia.com/definition

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Target vocabulary unit Noun

Target vocabulary unit Noun

Target vocabulary unit Noun

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Activity 6. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. upgrade A. a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in place on a

Concepts Logical relationship

Activity 9. Say what the following is used for. Give examples:

Activity 10. Say when and why the following is done:

1. compact disk– blue ray

1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

№ Term Definition Usage

1. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available:

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Activity 4. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. clipboard A. a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or introducing each

Activity 5. Insert prepositions:

1. My notes are highlighted __ green.

Concepts Type of logical relations

1. to emphasize a word in a text – 3

Activity 10. Say what the following is used for:

№ Term Definition Usage

9 CPU (Central the part of a computer in the ~ cooler/fan/slot/technology/

18 Fault (n) a defect in a hardware detection/diagnosis/tree analysis ~;

1. Oxford Reference. Oxford Unversity Press. [Online]. Available:

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Activity 4. Insert prepositions:

1. Insert the disk ___ drive A.

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Verb Target vocabulary unit

Target vocabulary unit Noun

Activity 6. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. expand A. a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra

Example Type of logical relations

Activity 10. Say what can be… and how:

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

Activity 12. Say when and why the following is done:

1. ______________ Similarities 1. ______________

1. Similarities 1.

1. Similarities 1.