Âëàäèêàâêàçñêèé ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèé æóðíàë

2020, Òîì 22, Âûïóñê 2, Ñ. 517

ÓÄÊ 517.5

DOI 10.46698/n6807-7263-4866-r

ÏÈÁËÈÆÅÍÈÅ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÉ ÄÂÓÕ ÏÅÅÌÅÍÍÛÕ

¾ÊÓ ÎÂÛÌÈ¿ ÑÓÌÌÀÌÈ ÔÓÜÅ  ×ÅÁÛØÅÂÀ  L2,ρ

Î. À. Äæóðàõîíîâ
1
1
Òàäæèêñêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò,
îññèÿ, 734025, Òàäæèêèñòàí, Äóøàíáå, ïð. óäàêè, 17

E-mail: olim74tajnet.tj

Àííîòàöèÿ.  ðàáîòå âû÷èñëåíû òî÷íûå âåðõíèå ãðàíè ïðèáëèæåíèÿ óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ
(r)
êðóãîâûìè ÷àñòè÷íûìè ñóììàìè äâîéíîãî ðÿäà Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà íà êëàññå óíêöèé L2,ρ (D),
p
r ∈ N, â ïðîñòðàíñòâå L2,ρ := L2,ρ (Q), ãäå ρ := ρ(x, y) = 1/ (1 − x2 )(1 − y 2 ), Q := {(x, y) : −1 6
x, y 6 1}, D  îïåðàòîð ×åáûøåâà  Ýðìèòà âòîðîãî ïîðÿäêà. Ïîëó÷åíû òî÷íûå íåðàâåíñòâà,
â êîòîðûõ âåëè÷èíû íàèëó÷øèõ ïîëèíîìèàëüíûõ ïðèáëèæåíèé îöåíèâàþòñÿ ñâåðõó ïîñðåäñòâîì
óñðåäíåííûõ ñ âåñîì çíà÷åíèé îáîáùåííûõ ìîäóëåé íåïðåðûâíîñòè m-ãî ïîðÿäêà ïðîèçâîäíîé D f
r

(r ∈ Z+ ) â ìåòðèêå ïðîñòðàíñòâà L2,ρ . Äàíû òî÷íûå îöåíêè íàèëó÷øèõ ïðèáëèæåíèé äâîéíîãî

ðÿäà Ôóðüå ïî îðòîãîíàëüíûì ñèñòåìàì Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà íà êëàññàõ óíêöèé ìíîãèõ ïåðåìåí-
íûõ, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõñÿ îáîáùåííûì ìîäóëåì íåïðåðûâíîñòè. Òàê êàê, â îòëè÷èå îò îäíîìåðíîãî
ñëó÷àÿ äëÿ äâîéíûõ ðÿäîâ, íåò åñòåñòâåííîãî ñïîñîáà ïîñòðîåíèÿ ÷àñòè÷íûõ ñóìì, òî ìû ñòðîèì
íåêîòîðûå êëàññû óíêöèé, à çàòåì ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé ìåòîä ïðèáëèæåíèÿ  ¾êðóãîâûå¿ ÷àñòè÷-
íûå ñóììû äâîéíîãî ðÿäà Ôóðå  ×åáûøåâà.  âîïðîñàõ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ðàçëîæåíèÿìè óíêöèé â
ðÿä Ôóðüå ïî òðèãîíîìåòðè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå è îöåíêè èõ íàèëó÷øèõ ïðèáëèæåíèé, áîëüøóþ ðîëü
èãðàþò îïåðàòîðû ñäâèãà. Â ðàáîòå, óêàçûâàÿ íà íåêîòîðûå ðàíåå èçâåñòíûå ðåçóëüòàòû, ïîñòðîåí
îïåðàòîð îáîáùåííîãî ñäâèãà, êîòîðûé ïîçâîëÿåò îïðåäåëèòü êëàññ óíêöèé, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèéñÿ
îáîáùåííûì ìîäóëåì íåïðåðûâíîñòè. Íà ýòèõ êëàññàõ âû÷èñëåíà âåðõíÿÿ ãðàíü çíà÷åíèé, íàè-
ëó÷øåå ñðåäíåêâàäðàòè÷åñêîå ïðèáëèæåíèå íåêîòîðûõ êëàññîâ óíêöèé ¾êðóãîâûìè¿ ÷àñòè÷íûìè
ñóììàìè äâîéíûõ ðÿäîâ Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ñðåäíåêâàäðàòè÷íîå ïðèáëèæåíèå, îáîáùåííûé ìîäóëü íåïðåðûâíîñòè, äâîéíîé

ðÿä Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà, íåðàâåíñòâî òèïà Êîëìîãîðîâà, îïåðàòîð ñäâèãà.

Mathemati al Subje t Classi ation (2010): 30E10.

Îáðàçåö öèòèðîâàíèÿ: Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À. Ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ ¾êðóãîâûìè¿
ñóììàìè Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà â L2,ρ // Âëàäèêàâê. ìàò. æóðí.2020.Ò. 22, âûï. 2.Ñ. 517. DOI:
10.46698/n6807-7263-4866-r.

1. Ââåäåíèå

Êëàññè÷åñêèå ìíîãî÷ëåíû ×åáûøåâà èìåþò ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ïðèìåíåíèÿ â ýêñòðå-

ìàëüíûõ çàäà÷àõ òåîðèè àïïðîêñèìàöèè è ïðèêëàäíîé ìàòåìàòèêå. Òàê, íàïðèìåð, õî-
ðîøî èçâåñòíà ðîëü ìíîãî÷ëåíîâ ×åáûøåâà ïðè ìèíèìèçàöèè îñòàòêà êâàäðàòóðíûõ
îðìóë, ïðè ïðèáëèæåííîì ðåøåíèè äèåðåíöèàëüíûõ è èíòåãðàëüíûõ óðàâíåíèé,
à òàêæå â çàäà÷àõ èíòåðïîëÿöèè óíêöèé (ñì., íàïðèìåð, ìîíîãðàèè [14℄). ×òî æå
êàñàåòñÿ ðàáîò, ïîñâÿùåííûõ ïðèìåíåíèþ ìíîãî÷ëåíîâ ×åáûøåâà äâóõ è áîëüøåãî ÷èñëà
2020 Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À.
6 Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À.

ïåðåìåííûõ â ïðèêëàäíûõ çàäà÷àõ, òî èõ ñîâñåì ìàëî. Óêàæåì ðàáîòû [37℄, ãäå ââîäÿò-
ñÿ è èçó÷àþòñÿ ìíîãî÷ëåíû ×åáûøåâà ìíîãèõ ïåðåìåííûõ, ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ íåêîòîðûå
ïðàêòè÷åñêèå ïðèìåíåíèÿ ìíîãî÷ëåíîâ ×åáûøåâà äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ.  [8℄ èçó÷àåòñÿ ðÿä
òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ âîïðîñîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ðàçëîæåíèÿìè óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ â äâîé-
íûõ ðÿäàõ Ôóðüå ïî ìíîãî÷ëåíàì ×åáûøåâà, è èññëåäóþòñÿ èõ ñêîðîñòè ñõîäèìîñòè,
à òàêæå îöåíêà èõ îñòàòî÷íûõ ÷ëåíîâ.
Íàñòîÿùàÿ ñòàòüÿ ïðîäîëæàåò óêàçàííóþ òåìàòèêó è ïîñâÿùåíà âîïðîñàì âû÷èñ-
ëåíèÿ âåðõíèõ ãðàíåé ïðèáëèæåíèÿ â ñðåäíåì äâîéíûìè ñóììàìè Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà
íåêîòîðûõ êëàññîâ äèåðåíöèðóåìûõ óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ. Ïðè ýòîì âàæíóþ
ðîëü èãðàåò îïåðàòîð îáîáùåííîãî ñäâèãà, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé ìíîãî÷ëåíàì ×åáûøåâà
äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ, è ââåäåííûé íà îñíîâå ýòîãî îïåðàòîðà îáîáùåííûé ìîäóëü íåïðå-
ðûâíîñòè.  íåêîòîðûõ çàäà÷àõ àïïðîêñèìàöèè îïåðàòîðû îáîáùåííîãî ñäâèãà è ïî-
ñòðîåííûå ïî íèì îáîáùåííûå ìîäóëè ãëàäêîñòè ìîãóò áûòü ëó÷øå ïðèñïîñîáëåíû äëÿ
èçó÷åíèÿ ñòðóêòóðíûõ è êîíñòðóêòèâíûõ ñâîéñòâ óíêöèé, ÷åì îáû÷íûå ìîäóëè ãëàä-
êîñòè. Íåêîòîðûå òî÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû î ïðèáëèæåíèè óíêöèé ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì îïåðà-
òîðîâ îáîáùåííîãî ñäâèãà ìîæíî íàéòè â ðàáîòàõ [812℄ è â öèòèðóåìîé â ýòèõ ðàáîòàõ
ëèòåðàòóðå.

2. Íåîáõîäèìûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ è ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå àêòû

Ïðèâåäåì íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ è ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå àêòû.

Ïóñòü â L2,ρ := L2,ρ (Q), ãäå
p
Q = {(x, y) : −1 6 x, y 6 1}, ρ := ρ(x, y) = 1/ (1 − x2 )(1 − y 2 ),
ïðîñòðàíñòâî óíêöèé f äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ, ñóììèðóåìûõ ñ êâàäðàòîì â îáëàñòè Q ñ âå-
ñîì ρ è íîðìîé
ZZ !1/2
kf k2,ρ := kf kL2,ρ = ρ(x, y)f 2 (x, y) dxdy .
Q

 ïðîñòðàíñòâå L2,ρ ðàññìîòðèì îïåðàòîð


1  p p 
Fh f (x, y) = f x cos h + 1 − x2 sin h, y cos h + 1 − y 2 sin h
4
 p p 
+f x cos h + 1 − x2 sin h, y cos h − 1 − y 2 sin h
 p p  (1)
+f x cos h − 1 − x2 sin h, y cos h + 1 − y 2 sin h
 p p 
2 2
+f x cos h − 1 − x sin h, y cos h − 1 − y sin h ,

êîòîðûé áóäåì íàçûâàòü îïåðàòîðîì îáîáùåííîãî ñäâèãà.

Ñëåäóÿ ðàáîòå [8℄, îïðåäåëèì ðàçíîñòè ïåðâîãî è âûñøèõ ïîðÿäêîâ ðàâåíñòâàìè
∆h (f ) := ∆h (f ; x, y) = Fh f (x, y) − f (x, y) = (Fh − E)f (x, y),

   
∆kh (f ) := ∆h ∆k−1
h (f ) = ∆ h ∆ k−1
h (f ; ·, ·), x, y
k  
k−i k
X
k
= (Fh − E) f (x, y) = (−1) F i f (x, y),
i h
i=0
Ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ 7

ãäå

Fh0 f (x, y) = f (x, y), Fhi f (x, y) = Fh (Fhi−1 f (x, y)) (i = 1, . . . , k, k ∈ N, 0 < h < 1),

è E  åäèíè÷íûé îïåðàòîð â L2,ρ . Âåëè÷èíó

n o
Ωm (f, t)2,ρ := sup k∆m
h (f )k2,ρ : 0 < h 6 t , 0 < t < 1, (2)

áóäåì íàçûâàòü îáîáùåííûì ìîäóëåì íåïðåðûâíîñòè m-ãî ïîðÿäêà óíêöèè f ∈ L2,ρ .

Äàëåå, ìû ïðåäïîëîæèì, ÷òî óíêöèÿ f ∈ L2,ρ èìååò îáîáùåííûå ÷àñòíûå ïðîèçâîäíûå
â ñìûñëå Ëåâè [13, . 172℄. Ââåäåì îïåðàòîðû

∂2 ∂
∂2 ∂
Dx := 1 − x2 −x , Dy := 1 − y 2 −y ,
∂x2 ∂x ∂y 2 ∂y
è ïîëîæèì

∂2
2
2 ∂ ∂ ∂
D := 1 − x2 2
+ 1 − y 2
−x −y := Dx + Dy
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
 äèåðåíöèàëüíûé îïåðàòîð ×åáûøåâà âòîðîãî ïîðÿäêà ïî ïåðåìåííûì x è y . àñ-
(r) (r)
ñìîòðèì L2,ρ := L2,ρ (D)  êëàññ óíêöèé f ∈ L2,ρ , èìåþùèõ îáîáùåííûå ÷àñòíûå
ïðîèçâîäíûå

∂k
f (x, y) (i = 0, 1, . . . , k; k = 1, 2, . . . , 2r, r ∈ N)
∂xk−i ∂y i

â ñìûñëå Ëåâè, ïðèíàäëåæàùèå ïðîñòðàíñòâó L2,ρ , è äëÿ êîòîðûõ kD r f k2,ρ < ∞, ãäå,
êàê îáû÷íî, D 0 f ≡ f, D r f ≡ D(D r−1 f ), r ∈ N. Ïóñòü äàëåå
r
1 2
T0 (x) = √ , Tn (x) = cos(n arccos x), n = 1, 2, . . . ,
π π

 îðòîíîðìèðîâàííàÿ ñèñòåìà ìíîãî÷ëåíîâ ×åáûøåâà [14, . 76℄ â ïðîñòðàíñòâå L2,ρ .

àçëîæèì óíêöèþ f â äâîéíîé ðÿä Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà:
∞ X
X ∞
f (x, y) = ckl (f )Tk (x)Tl (y), (3)
k=0 l=0

ãäå ZZ
ckl (f ) = ρ(x, y)f (x, y)Tk (x)Tl (y) dx dy (4)
(Q)

 êîýèöèåíòû Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà óíêöèè f ∈ L2,ρ , à ðàâåíñòâî â (3) ïîíèìàåòñÿ

â ñìûñëå ñõîäèìîñòè â L2,ρ . Îáîçíà÷èì ñèìâîëîì
X
SR (f ; x, y) := ckl (f )Tk (x)Tl (y)
06k 2 +l2 <R2

¾êðóãîâûå¿ ÷àñòíûå ñóììû ðÿäà (3), è ïóñòü


ER (f )2,ρ := ER (f )L2,ρ = inf kf − pR k2,ρ : pR ∈ PR
8 Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À.

 íàèëó÷øåå ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèè f ∈ L2,ρ ìíîæåñòâîì PR -àëãåáðàè÷åñêèõ ïîëèíî-

ìîâ âèäà X
pR (x, y) = akl xk y l , R > 0, (5)
06k 2 +l2 <R2
â ïðîñòðàíñòâå L2,ρ . Õîðîøî èçâåñòíî, ÷òî
n o  X 1/2
ER (f )2,ρ := inf kf − pR k2,ρ : pR (x, y) ∈ PR = kf − SR (f )k2,ρ = c2kl (f ) . (6)
k 2 +l2 >R2

(r)
 [8℄ äîêàçàíî, ÷òî äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé f ∈ L2,ρ â ñìûñëå ñõîäèìîñòè â L2,ρ èìååò ìåñòî
ðàâåíñòâî
∞ X
X ∞
k∆mh (D r
f )k2
2,ρ = (1 − cos kh cos lh)2m (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f ). (7)
k=0 l=0
Ëåãêî ïðîâåðèòü, ÷òî
DTk (x)Tl (y) = −(k2 + l2 )Tk (x)Tl (y). (8)
Ïðèìåíÿÿ ìåòîä ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé èíäóêöèè, èç (8) ïîëó÷àåì
D r Tk (x)Tl (y) = (−1)r (k2 + l2 )r Tk (x)Tl (y). (9)
Ó÷èòûâàÿ (9), èç (3) ïîñëå r -êðàòíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ îïåðàòîðà D èìååì
∞ X
X ∞
r r
D f (x, y) = (−1) (k2 + l2 )r ckl (f )Tk (x)Tl (y). (10)
k=0 l=0
(r)
Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî äëÿ ëþáîé f ∈ L2,ρ ïîëó÷åííûé äâîéíîé ðÿä â (10) ñõîäèòñÿ â ñìûñëå
ïðîñòðàíñòâà L2,ρ . Ïîýòîìó îí áóäåò ñëóæèòü ðÿäîì Ôóðüå  ×åáûøåâà óíêöèè D r f ∈
L2,ρ (ñì., íàïðèìåð, [15, . 169℄). Ïîëüçóÿñü ðàâåíñòâîì Ïàðñåâàëÿ, èç (10) áóäåì èìåòü
∞ X
X ∞
r
kD f k22,ρ = (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f ).
k=0 l=0

Êðîìå òîãî, î÷åâèäíî

X X
2
ER (D r f )2,ρ = c2kl (D r f ) = (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f ). (11)
k 2 +l2 >R2 k 2 +l2 >R2

(r)
Óñëîâèìñÿ äàëåå ïðè âû÷èñëåíèè âåðõíèõ ãðàíåé ïî âñåì óíêöèÿì f ∈ L2,ρ â ñîîòíî-
øåíèÿõ îáùåãî õàðàêòåðà ïîäðàçóìåâàòü, ÷òî D r f 6= pR , D 6= 0.
Ëåììà 1. Ïðè ëþáîì r ∈ Z+ ñïðàâåäëèâî ðàâåíñòâî

ER (f )2,ρ 1
sup = 2r . (12)
(r)
f ∈L2,ρ
ER (D r f )2,ρ R

(r)
⊳ Ïîëüçóÿñü ðàâåíñòâàìè (6) è (11), äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé f ∈ L2,ρ ïîëó÷àåì

2
X X 1
ER (f )2,ρ = c2kl (f ) = (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f )
(k2 + l2 )2r
k 2 +l2 >R2 k 2 +l2 >R2
1 X 1 2 r
6 (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f ) = E (D f )2,ρ .
R4r R4r R
k 2 +l2 >R2
Ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ 9

Îòñþäà ñëåäóåò îöåíêà ñâåðõó âåëè÷èíû, ðàñïîëîæåííîé â ëåâîé ÷àñòè ðàâåíñòâà (12):
ER (f )2,ρ 1
sup r
6 2r . (13)
(r)
f ∈L2,ρ
ER (D f )2,ρ R

Ñ öåëüþ ïîëó÷åíèÿ îöåíêè ñíèçó òîé æå âåëè÷èíû ðàññìîòðèì óíêöèþ

1
f0 (x, y) = T0 (x)TR (y), (14)
R2r
(r)
êîòîðàÿ î÷åâèäíî ïðèíàäëåæèò êëàññó L2,ρ , ïîñêîëüêó äëÿ óíêöèè f0 èìååì
D r f0 (x, y) = (−1)r T0 (x)TR (y),
è â ñèëó îðìóë (6) è (11)
1
ER (f0 )2,ρ = , ER (D r f0 )2,ρ = 1. (15)
R2r
Ïîëüçóÿñü ðàâåíñòâàìè (15), çàïèøåì îöåíêó ñíèçó äëÿ ýêñòðåìàëüíîé õàðàêòåðè-
ñòèêè, ñòîÿùåé â ëåâîé ÷àñòè íåðàâåíñòâà (13):
ER (f )2,ρ ER (f0 )2,ρ 1
sup r
> r
= 2r . (16)
(r)
f ∈L2,ρ
ER (D f )2,ρ ER (D f0 )2,ρ R

Èç ñîïîñòàâëåíèÿ îöåíêè ñâåðõó (13) è îöåíêè ñíèçó (16) ïîëó÷àåì òðåáóåìîå ðàâåí-
ñòâî (12). ⊲
Ïóñòü
(r) (r)
W2,ρ (D) := f ∈ L2,ρ (D) : kD r (f )k2,ρ 6 1 .


Òåîðåìà 1. Ïðè ëþáîì r ∈ N ñïðàâåäëèâû ðàâåíñòâà


(r)

r 1
(17)

E R W2,ρ (D) := sup E R (f )2,ρ : f ∈ W2,ρ (D) = 2r .
2,ρ R
(r)
⊳ Òàê êàê äëÿ ëþáîãî f ∈ W2,ρ (D)
ER (D r f )2,ρ 6 kD r f k2,ρ 6 1,
(r)
òî èç íåðàâåíñòâà (13) äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé óíêöèè f ∈ W2,ρ (D) ïîëó÷àåì
1 1
ER (f )2,ρ 6 2r
ER (D r f )2,ρ 6 2r ,
R R
îòêóäà è ñëåäóåò îöåíêà ñâåðõó:

(r)
 1
E R W2,ρ (D) 6 . (18)
2,ρ R2r
Ñ öåëüþ ïîëó÷åíèè îöåíêè ñíèçó ââåäåì ñíîâà â ðàññìîòðåíèå óíêöèþ (14), äëÿ
êîòîðîé èìåþò ìåñòî ðàâåíñòâà (15). Ïîëüçóÿñü ïåðâûì èç ðàâåíñòâ (15), çàïèøåì îöåíêó
ñíèçó:

(r)
 1
E R W2,ρ (D) > ER (f0 )2,ρ = 2r , (19)
2,ρ R
è òàê êàê kD r f0 k = 1, òî ââåäåííàÿ ïðè äîêàçàòåëüñòâå ëåììû 1 óíêöèÿ f0 , îïðåäåëåí-
(r)
íàÿ ðàâåíñòâîì (14), ïðèíàäëåæèò êëàññó W2,ρ (D).
Òðåáóåìîå ðàâåíñòâî (17) ïîëó÷àåì èç ñîïîñòàâëåíèÿ íåðàâåíñòâ (18) è (19), ÷åì è
çàâåðøàåì äîêàçàòåëüñòâî òåîðåìû 1. ⊲
10 Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À.

3. Íåêîòîðûå òî÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû

Ïðè ðåøåíèè ðàçëè÷íûõ ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ çàäà÷ òåîðèè àïïðîêñèìàöèè óíêöèé âàæ-

íóþ ðîëü èãðàþò íåðàâåíñòâà ìåæäó íîðìàìè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûõ ïðîèçâîäíûõ óíê-
öèé èëè íåðàâåíñòâà òèïà Êîëìîãîðîâà â ðàçëè÷íûõ áàíàõîâûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâàõ. Åñëè
S = R èëè S = R+ , òî íåðàâåíñòâî Êîëìîãîðîâà äëÿ óíêöèé îäíîé ïåðåìåííîé èìååò
âèä [16, 17℄
kf (s) kLp (S) 6 M kf kαLq (S) · kf (r) kβLγ (S) , (20)
ãäå
r − s − 1/γ + 1/p
α= , β = 1 − α, 1 6 p, q, γ 6 ∞.
r − 1/γ + 1/q
Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ðàçëè÷íûå íåðàâåíñòâà òèïà (20) ñ òî÷íûìè êîíñòàíòàìè ïðè-
âåäåíû â ìîíîãðàèè [16℄. Â ñòàòüå [17℄ ïðèâåäåí ïîäðîáíûé îáçîð âñåõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ
î íåðàâåíñòâàõ âèäà (20), ãäå ïîëó÷åíû íàèëó÷øèå êîíñòàíòû è àíàëèçèðóåòñÿ ñâÿçü
çàäà÷è Ñòå÷êèíà î íàèëó÷øåì ïðèáëèæåíèè îïåðàòîðà äèåðåíöèðîâàíèÿ D k ïîðÿä-
êà k ñ íåðàâåíñòâîì (20). Îòìåòèì, ÷òî íåðàâåíñòâà òèïà (20) ñ òî÷íûìè êîíñòàíòàìè äëÿ
óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ íàéäåíû â íåäàâíî îïóáëèêîâàííûõ ðàáîòàõ [1820℄. Çäåñü äî-
(r)
êàæåì òî÷íîå íåðàâåíñòâî Êîëìîãîðîâà äëÿ óíêöèé f ∈ L2,ρ (D) â ïðîñòðàíñòâå L2,ρ .
(r)
Ïîñêîëüêó óíêöèÿ f ∈ L2,ρ è åå ïðîìåæóòî÷íûå ïðîèçâîäíûå D s f , s = 1, 2, . . . , r − 1,
r ∈ N, ïðèíàäëåæàò òàêæå ïðîñòðàíñòâó L2,ρ , òî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò íåñîìíåííûé èíòåðåñ èçó-
÷åíèå ïîâåäåíèÿ íàèëó÷øèõ ïðèáëèæåíèé ER (D s f ), s = 1, 2, . . . , r − 1, r ∈ N, íà êëàññå
(r)
L2,ρ (D).
(r)
Òåîðåìà 2.Ïóñòü r, s ∈ N, r > s. Òîãäà äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé óíêöèè f ∈ L2,ρ ñïðà-
âåäëèâî òî÷íîå â L2,ρ íåðàâåíñòâî

s/r 1−s/r
kD s f k2,ρ 6 kD r f k2,ρ kf k2,ρ . (21)

⊳  ñàìîì äåëå, â ñèëó ëèíåéíîñòè îïåðàòîðà D s èç ðàâåíñòâà (3) ñ ó÷åòîì ðàâåí-

ñòâà (9) èìååì
∞ X
X ∞
s
D f (x, y) = (−1)s (k2 + l2 )s ckl (f )Tk (x)Tl (y).
k=0 l=0

Ïðèìåíÿÿ ðàâåíñòâî Ïàðñåâàëÿ, çàïèøåì

∞ X
X ∞
kD s f k22,ρ = (k2 + l2 )2s c2kl (f ). (22)
k=0 l=0

Âîñïîëüçîâàâøèñü íåðàâåíñòâîì åëüäåðà äëÿ äâîéíîãî ðÿäà, èç (22) èìååì

∞ X
∞
s
X
s/r 2
1−s/r
kD f k22,ρ = (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f ) ckl (f )
k=0 l=0
∞ X
∞
!s/r ∞ X
∞
!1−s/r
2s/r 2(1−s/r)
X X
6 (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f ) c2kl (f ) = kD r f k2,ρ · kf k2,ρ ,
k=0 l=0 k=0 l=0

îòêóäà è âûòåêàåò íåðàâåíñòâî (21).

Ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ 11

Äëÿ ðàíåå ðàññìîòðåííîé íàìè óíêöèè (14), êðîìå ðàâåíñòâ (15), òàêæå âûïîëíÿ-
þòñÿ ñîîòíîøåíèÿ

kf0 k2,ρ = R−2r , D s f0 (x, y) = (−1)s R−2(r−s) T0 (x)TR (y), kD s f0 k2,ρ = R−2(r−s) ,

ïîëüçóÿñü êîòîðûìè áóäåì èìåòü

2s/r 2(1−s/r)
kD s f0 k22,ρ = kD r f0 k2,ρ · kf0 k2,ρ = R−4(r−s) ,

îòêóäà è ñëåäóåò òî÷íîñòü íåðàâåíñòâà (21). ⊲

Òåîðåìà 3. Ïóñòü r, s ∈ N, 1 6 s 6 r − 1, r > 2. Òîãäà äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé óíêöèè
(r)
f ∈ L2,ρ ñïðàâåäëèâî òî÷íîå â L2,ρ íåðàâåíñòâî

ER (D s f )2,ρ 6 (ER (D r f )2,ρ )s/r (ER (f )2,ρ )1−s/r . (23)

⊳ Òàê êàê ðàâåíñòâî (10) èìååò ìåñòî äëÿ ëþáîãî r ∈ N, òî ïðè ëþáîì s, 1 6 s 6 r−1,
r > 2, çàïèøåì

2
X X
s/r 2
ER (D s f )2,ρ = (k2 + l2 )2s c2kl (f ) = (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f ) (ckl (f ))1−s/r
k 2 +l2 >R2 k 2 +l2 >R2
 s/r 1−s/r
X X
s/r
1−s/r
6 (k2 + l2 )2r c2kl (f )  c2kl (f ) 2
6 ER (D r f )2,ρ 2
ER (f )2,ρ ,
k 2 +l2 >R2 k 2 +l2 >R2

îòêóäà è âûòåêàåò íåðàâåíñòâî (23).

Òàê êàê äëÿ óíêöèè f1 (x, y) = TR (x)T0 (y) â ñèëó ðàâåíñòâ (6) è (11) èìåþò ìåñòî
ñîîòíîøåíèÿ

ER (f1 )2,ρ = 1, ER (D s f1 )2,ρ = R2s , ER (D r f1 )2,ρ = R2r , (24)

òî áóäåì èìåòü

ER (D s f1 )2,ρ = (ER (D r f1 )2,ρ )s/r (ER (f1 )2,ρ )1−s/r = (R2r )s/r = R2s .

Ýòèì äîêàçàíà òî÷íîñòü íåðàâåíñòâà (23). ⊲

Òåîðåìà 4. Ïóñòü s, r ∈ N, r > 2, s < r . Òîãäà ñïðàâåäëèâû ðàâåíñòâà

ER (D s f )2,ρ
sup = 1. (25)
(r)
f ∈W2,ρ (D) (ER (f )2,ρ )1−s/r

⊳ Â ñàìîì äåëå, èç íåðàâåíñòâà Êîëìîãîðîâà (23) äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé óíêöèè

(r)
f ∈ W2,ρ (D), ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî ER (D r f )2,ρ 6 1, çàïèøåì

ER (D s f )2,ρ 6 (ER (f )2,ρ )1−s/r ,

îòêóäà ñðàçó ñëåäóåò îöåíêà ñâåðõó

ER (D s f )2,ρ
sup 6 1. (26)
(r)
f ∈W2,ρ (D) (ER (f )2,ρ )1−s/r
12 Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À.

Ñîîòâåòñòâóþùóþ îöåíêó ñíèçó ïîëó÷àåì äëÿ óíêöèè (14), äëÿ êîòîðîé

D s f0 (x, y) = (−1)s R−2(r−s) T0 (x)TR (y), ER (D s f0 )2,ρ = R−2(r−s) ,

à ïîòîìó èìååì

ER (D s f )2,ρ ER (D s f0 )2,ρ R2(r−s)

sup > = = 1. (27)
(r)
f ∈W2,ρ (D) (ER (f )2,ρ )1−s/r (ER (f0 )2,ρ )1−s/r R2(r−s)

Òðåáóåìûé ðåçóëüòàò (25) âûòåêàåò èç ñðàâíåíèÿ íåðàâåíñòâ (26) è (27). ⊲

4. Îñíîâíûå ðåçóëüòàòû

 ýòîì ïàðàãðàå ïðèâåäåì áîëåå îáùèé ðåçóëüòàò.

Òåîðåìà 5.Ïóñòü m ∈ N, r ∈ Z+ , R ∈ R+ , 0 < p 6 2, 0 < h 6 π/R, q(t) > 0,  ïðî-
èçâîëüíàÿ ñóììèðóåìàÿ íå ýêâèâàëåíòíàÿ íóëþ íà îòðåçêå [0, h] óíêöèÿ. Òîãäà ñïðà-
âåäëèâî ðàâåíñòâî

R2r ER (f )2,ρ 1
sup  1/p =  1/p . (28)
(r) Rh Rh
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωpm (D r f, t)2,ρ q(t) dt (1 − cos Rt)pm q(t) dt
0 0

⊳ Âîñïîëüçóåìñÿ îäíèì âàðèàíòîì íåðàâåíñòâà Ìèíêîâñêîãî, ïðèâåäåííîãî â ìîíî-

ãðàèè [21, . 104℄,
( Zh ∞
!p/2 )1/p ( ∞ Zh !2/p )1/2
|f˜j (t)|
X X
2 p
dt > |fj (t)| dt , (29)
0 j=N j=N 0

ãäå 0 < p 6 2. Ïîëàãàÿ â íåðàâåíñòâå (29) f˜j := fj q 1/p , ïîëó÷àåì

( Zh ∞
!p/2 )1/p ( ∞ Zh !2/p )1/2
X X
|fj (t)|2 q(t) dt > |fj (t)|p q(t) dt .
0 j=N j=N 0

Èñïîëüçóÿ ðàâåíñòâî (7), èç ïîñëåäíåãî íåðàâåíñòâà áóäåì èìåòü

Zh !1/p Zh !1/p
p
Ωpm (D r f, t)2,ρ q(t) dt > k∆m r
t (D f )k2,ρ q(t) dt
0 0
( Zh " #p/2 )1/p
X
2m 2
> (1 − cos kt cos lt) (k + l2 )2r c2kl (f ) q(t) dt
0 k 2 +l2 >R2
(
X Zh !2/p )1/2
> c2kl (f ) 2
(k + l )2 pr
(1 − cos kt cos lt) pm
q(t) dt
k 2 +l2 >R2 0
Ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ 13
( Zh )1/p (
X
)1/2
2 2 pr pm
> inf (k + l ) (1 − cos kt cos lt) q(t) dt c2kl (f )
k 2 +l2 >R2 ,
k,l∈N 0 k 2 +l2 >R2
( Zh )1/p ( Zh )1/p
= R2pr (1 − cos Rt)pm q(t) dt ER (f )2,ρ = R2r (1 − cos Rt)pm q(t) dt ER (f )2,ρ .
0 0
(r)
Îòñþäà äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíîé óíêöèè f ∈ L2,ρ âûòåêàåò îöåíêà ñâåðõó:
R2r ER (f )2,ρ 1
sup  1/p 6  1/p . (30)
(r) Rh Rh
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωpm (D r f, t)2,ρ q(t) dt (1 − cos Rt)pm q(t) dt
0 0

Äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé îöåíêè ñíèçó ðàññìîòðèì óíêöèþ f1 (x, y) =

TR (x) T0 (y), èñïîëüçîâàííóþ íàìè â êîíöå äîêàçàòåëüñòâà òåîðåìû 3. Äëÿ ýòîé óíêöèè
â ñèëó (7) èìååì
k∆m r 2
h (D f1 )k2,ρ = (1 − cos Rh)
2m 4r
R ,
îòêóäà ñðàçó ñëåäóåò, ÷òî
Ωpm (D r f1 , t)2,ρ := (1 − cos Rt)pm R2pr (0 < p 6 2, 0 < Rt 6 π). (31)
Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïîëó÷åííûå ðàâåíñòâà, çàïèøåì îöåíêó ñíèçó:
R2r ER (f )2,ρ R2r ER (f1 )2,ρ
sup  1/p > 1/p
(r) Rh Rh
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωpm (D r f, t)2,ρ q(t) dt Ωpm (D r f1 , t)2,ρ q(t) dt
0 0
R2r ·1 1
= 1/p =  1/p . (32)
Rh Rh

R2r (1 − cos Rt)pm q(t) dt (1 − cos Rt)pm q(t) dt
0 0

Èç ñîïîñòàâëåíèÿ îöåíêè ñâåðõó (30) è îöåíêè ñíèçó (32) ïîëó÷àåì òðåáóåìîå ðàâåí-
ñòâî (28). ⊲
Èç äîêàçàííîé òåîðåìû 5 âûòåêàþò ðÿä ñëåäñòâèé
Ñëåäñòâèå 1. Åñëè â óñëîâèÿõ òåîðåìû 5 ïîëîæèòü q(t) = R sin Rt, òî èìååì
1/p
R2r−1/p ER (f )2,ρ

mp + 1
sup  1/p = (1 − cos Rh)mp+1 .
(r)
f ∈L2,ρ Rh p
r
Ωm (D f, t)2,ρ sin Rt dt
0

 ÷àñòíîñòè, îòñþäà ïðè h = π/R âûòåêàåò ðàâåíñòâî

1/p
R2r−1/p ER (f )2,ρ

mp + 1
sup  1/p = . (33)
(r) π/R 2mp+1
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωpm (D r f, t)2,ρ sin Rt dt
R
0

 ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, åñëè â (33) ïîëàãàòü p = 1/m, òî ïðè 2r > m, r, m ∈ N, ïîëó÷àåì àíàëîã
îäíîé òåîðåìû Â. Â. Øàëàåâà [22℄:
R2r−m ER (f )2,ρ 1
sup !m = .
f ∈L2,ρ
(r) π/R
R 1/m
2m
Ωm (D r f, t)2,ρ sin Rt dt
0
14 Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À.

Ñëåäñòâèå 2. Â óñëîâèÿõ òåîðåìû 5 ïðè q(t) = 1, h = π/R ñïðàâåäëèâî ðàâåíñòâî

1/p
R2(r−1/p) ER (f )2,ρ

Γ(mp + 1)
sup 
π/R 1/p = 2mp √πΓ(mp + 1/2) ,
(r) R p
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωm (D r f, t)2,ρ dt
0

ãäå Γ(u)  ãàììà-óíêöèÿ Ýéëåðà.  ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðè p = 1/m, r > m, r, m ∈ N,

R2(r−m) ER (f )2,ρ 1
sup  m = π m .
(r) π/R
R 1/m
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωm (D r f, t)2,ρ dt
0

Ñëåäñòâèå 3. Ïðè q(t) ≡ 1, p = 1/m, m ∈ N, r ∈ Z+ , 2r > m, 0 < h 6 π/R, èç (28)

âûòåêàåò àíàëîã îäíîãî ðåçóëüòàòà Ñ. Á. Âàêàð÷óêà [12℄:

R2r−m ER (f )2,ρ −m
sup  m = (Rh − sin Rh) .
(r)
f ∈L2,ρ
Rh 1/m
Ωm (D r f, t)2,ρ dt
0

 ÷àñòíîñòè, ïîëàãàÿ â ïîëó÷åííîì ðàâåíñòâå h = π/(2R), èìååì

m
R2r−m ER (f )2,ρ

2
sup  m = π − 2 .
(r) π/(2R)
f ∈L2,ρ R 1/m r
Ωm (D f, t)2,ρ r dt
0

(r)
Ïîñêîëüêó äëÿ óíêöèè f ∈ L2,ρ (r ∈ N, r > 2) åå ïðîìåæóòî÷íûå ïðîèçâîäíûå
D f (s = 1, 2, . . . , r − 1) òàêæå ïðèíàäëåæàò ïðîñòðàíñòâó L2,ρ , òî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èíòåðåñ
s

èçó÷àòü ïîâåäåíèå ER (D s f )2,ρ . Îòâåò íà ýòîò âîïðîñ äàåò ñëåäóþùàÿ òåîðåìà.

Òåîðåìà 6. Ïóñòü m, r, s ⊂ N, r > s (1 6 s 6 r − 1, r > 2), 0 < p 6 2, 0 < h 6 3π/(4R),
R ∈ R+ , q(t)  íåîòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ñóììèðóåìàÿ íà îòðåçêå [0, h] íå ýêâèâàëåíòíàÿ íóëþ
óíêöèÿ. Òîãäà èìååò ìåñòî ðàâåíñòâî
( Zh )−1/p
R2(r−s) ER (D s f )2,ρ
sup  1/p = (1 − cos Rt)mp q(t) dt . (34)
(r) Rh
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωpm (D r f, t)2,ρ q(t) dt 0
0

 ÷àñòíîñòè, åñëè â (34) ïîëàãàòü

p = 1/m, m ∈ N, 2(r − s) > m, r, s ∈ N, q(t) ≡ 1,

òî èìååì
R2(r−s)−m ER (D s f )2,ρ −m
sup  h m = (Rh − sin Rh) ,
(r) 1/m
f ∈L2,ρ
R
Ωm (D r f, t)2,ρ dt
0
à åñëè æå ïîëàãàòü p = 1/m è q(t) = t, òî áóäåì èìåòü

R2(r−s)−m ER (D s f )2,ρ m
 2 −m
sup  h
m = 2 Rh(Rh − sin Rh) − [(Rh) − 2(1 − cos Rh)] .
(r) R 1/m
f ∈L2,ρ tΩm (D r f ; t)2,ρ dt
0
Ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ 15

Îòñþäà, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðè h = π/R èìååì

R2(r−s)−m ER (D s f )2,ρ 1
sup  m = 2m .
(r) π/R
f ∈L2,ρ R 1/m
tΩm (D r f ; t)2,ρ dt
0

⊳  ñàìîì äåëå, îáîçíà÷èâ D s f = g, áóäåì èìåòü D r f = D r−s g, à ïîòîìó, åñëè

(r) (r−s)
f ∈ L2,ρ , î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî g ∈ L2,ρ è, ïîëüçóÿñü ðàâåíñòâîì (18), áóäåì èìåòü

R2(r−s) ER (D s f )2,ρ
sup  1/p
(r) Rh
f ∈L2,ρ
Ωpm (D r f, t)2,ρ q(t) dt
0
−1/p
Zh

R2(r−s) ER (g)2,ρ
= sup 1/p =  (1 − cos Rt)pm q(t)dt , (35)
Rh

(r−s)
g∈L2,ρ
Ωpm (D r−s g, t)2,ρ q(t) dt 0
0

îòêóäà è ñëåäóåò óòâåðæäåíèå òåîðåìû 6. ⊲

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16 Äæóðàõîíîâ Î. À.

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Ñòàòüÿ ïîñòóïèëà 5 èþíÿ 2019 ã.

Äæóðàõîíîâ Îëèìäæîí Àêìàëîâè÷
Òàäæèêñêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò,
äîöåíò êàåäðû óíêöèîíàëüíîãî àíàëèçà è äè. óðàâíåíèé

ÒÀÄÆÈÊÈÑÒÀÍ, 734063, Äóøàíáå, óë. óäàêè, 17

E-mail: olim74tajnet.tj

Vladikavkaz Mathemati al Journal

2020, Volume 22, Issue 2, P. 517

APPROXIMATION OF BIVARIATE FUNCTIONS

BY FOURIERTCHEBYCHEV CIRCULAR SUMS IN L2,ρ
Jurakhonov, O. A.1
1
Tajik National University,
17 Rudaki St., Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan
E-mail: olim74tajnet.tj
Abstra t. In this paper the sharp upper bounds of approximation of fun tions of two variables with
(r)
generalized FourierChebyshev polynomials for the lass of fun tions L2,ρ (D), r ∈ N, are al ulated in L2,ρ :=
p
L2,ρ (Q), where ρ := ρ(x, y) = 1/ (1 − x2 )(1 − y 2 ), Q := {(x, y) : −1 6 x, y 6 1}, and D is a se ond order
ChebyshevHermite operator. The sharp estimates for the best polynomial approximation are obtained by
means of weighted average of module of ontinuity of m-th order with D f (r ∈ Z+ ) in L2,ρ . The sharp
r

estimates for the best approximation of double Fourier series in FourierChebyshev orthogonal system in the
lasses of fun tions of several variables whi h are hara terized by generalized module of ontinuity are given.
We rst form some lasses of fun tions and then the orresponding methods of approximations,  ir ular by
partial sum of FourierChebyshev double series, sin e, unlike the one-dimensional ase, there is no natural way
of expressing the partial sums of double series. The shift operator plays a ru ial role in the problems related
to expansion of fun tions in Fourier series in trigonometri system and estimating their best approximation
properties. Based on some previous known resear h we onstru t the shift operator, whi h enables one to
determine some lasses of fun tions whi h hara terized by module of ontinuity. And for these lasses of
fun tions the upper bound for the best mean squared approximation by  ir ular partial sum of Fourier
Chebyshev double series is al ulated.

Key words: mean-squared approximation, generalized module of ontinuity, FourierT heby hev double
series, Kolmogorov type inequality, shift operator.

Mathemati al Subje t Classi ation (2010): 30E10.

For itation: Jurakhonov, O. A. Approximation of Bivariate Fun tions by FourierT heby hev Cir ular
Sums in L2,ρ , Vladikavkaz Math. J., 2020, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 517 (in Russian). DOI: 10.46698/n6807-7263-
4866-r.

Referen es

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Ïðèáëèæåíèå óíêöèé äâóõ ïåðåìåííûõ 17

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Re eived June 5, 2019

Olimjon A. Jurakhonov
Tajik National University,
17 Rudaki St., Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan,
Asso iate Professor

E-mail: olim74tajnet.tj