˄ʪʶ: 617.

58:616-43-07

ʢʚʫʡʟʏʠʝʜʝʒʟʏʣʗʦʔʠʙʗʔ ʗʠʠʚʔʓʝʑʏʜʗʮ ʞʝʑʟʔʕʓʔʜʗʘ ʙʝʚʔʜʜʝʒʝ ʠʢʠʡʏʑʏ

ʢǤʛǤʟʢʠʡʏʛʝʑʏ
ʜʗʗ ˕˓˃˅ˏ˃˕ˑˎˑˆˋˋ ˋ ˑ˓˕ˑ˒ˈˇˋˋ ʛʖ ʟʢˊ, ʡ˃˛ˍˈː˕

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS OF KNEE JOINT INJURIES

ǤǤ

ʢˎ˟˕˓˃˔ˑːˑˆ˓˃˗ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈˇˈː˞ ˖ 166 ˄ˑˎ˟ː˞˘ ˔ ˉ˃ˎˑ˄˃ˏˋ ː˃ ˄ˑˎ˟ ˅ ˍˑˎˈːːˑˏ ˔˖-

˔˕˃˅ˈ ˅ ˅ˑˊ˓˃˔˕ˈ ˑ˕ 40 ˇˑ 68 ˎˈ˕ (˔˓ˈˇːˋˌ ˅ˑˊ˓˃˔˕ 48 ˎˈ˕). ʑ˞ˢ˅ˎˈː˞ ˕˓˃˅ˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˒ˑ˅˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˢ,
ˍ˃ˍ ˒ˈ˓ˈˎˑˏ˞ ˍˑ˔˕ˈˌ ˔˖˔˕˃˅˃, ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅˞ ˔˖˘ˑˉˋˎˋˢ ˚ˈ˕˞˓ˈ˘ˆˎ˃˅ˑˌ ˏ˞˛˙˞ ˄ˈˇ˓˃, ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅ ˄ˑˍˑ˅˞˘
˔˅ˢˊˑˍ ˋ ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈːːˑˌ ˔˅ˢˊˍˋ ː˃ˇˍˑˎˈːːˋˍ˃, ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅˞ ˏˈːˋ˔ˍ˃, ˃ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˋˊˏˈːˈːˋˢ, ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˔ˑ-
˒˓ˑ˅ˑˉˇ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒˓ˋ ˇ˃ːː˞˘ ˕˓˃˅ˏ˃˘. ʝ˒ˋ˔˃ː˃ ˔ˈˏˋˑ˕ˋˍ˃ ˒ˑ˅˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˌ ˠˎˈˏˈː˕ˑ˅ ˔˖˔˕˃˅˃ ˋ ˒ˑ˔˕˕˓˃˅-
ˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ˘ ˋˊˏˈːˈːˋˌ.
ʙˎˡ˚ˈ˅˞ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅˃: ˍˑˎˈːː˞ˌ ˔˖˔˕˃˅, ˕˓˃˅ˏ˃, ˇˋ˃ˆːˑ˔˕ˋˍ˃, ˔ˑːˑˆ˓˃˗ˋˢ.
Ultrasonographic investigations were performed in 166 patients with complains on pain in knee joint at the
age from 40 to 68 years (mean age 48 years). The following traumatic injuries as join bones fractures, tendon
tear of quadriceps muscle of thigh, meniscus disruption and also changes which can be followed at such
injuries have bee detected. Semiotics of injuries and posttraumatic changes have been described.
Key-words: knee joint, injury, diagnostics, sonography.

ʪ̨̨̭̯̖̬̦̏̌́ ̨̡̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐̌ ̨̛̪̬̖̙̖̦̜̏̔ ̛ ̨̪̭̯̯̬̌̏- 28-30% [7,8]. ʻ̸̨̨̖̭̯̯̦̔̌̌́ ̨̨̭̖̺̖̦̦̭̯̏̽ ̨̪̬̖̙̖̏̔-

̸̵̡̛̛̥̯̖̭̌ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̜̚ ̨̣̖̥̖̦̯̾̏ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌
̛̬̖̯̐̌ ̨̣̹̱̍̽̀ ̨̬̣̽ ̏ ̨̛̛̛̭̯̙̖̦̔ ̨̨̱̭̪̖̹̦̐ ̸̛̣̖̖̦́,
̌ ̶̨̨̡̦̖̖̦̔̌ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̜̚ ̵̛ ̨̛̛̪̬̯̏̔ ̡ ̛̛̬̯̌̏̀̚ ̛̦̏̌-
̶̛̛̛̛̣̔̌̚ ̏ 75% ̸̭̣̱̖̌̏ [5]. ʶ̨̣̖̦̦̼̜ ̭̱̭̯̌̏ ̨̪̬̖̙̏-
̖̯̭̔̌́ ̸̨̨̨̭̯̯̦̔̌ ̸̨̭̯̌ [2;4;6]. ʰ̸̛̱̖̦̖̚ ̛̣̯̖̬̯̱̌-
̬̼ ̛̭̖̯̖̣̭̯̱̖̯̏̔̽̏ ̨ ̨̯̥, ̸̨̯ ̏ ̦̖̜ ̨̥̣̌ ̸̨̦̱̦̌ ̨̨̍-
̵̨̭̦̦̦̼̏̌ ̛̭̖̖̦̜̏̔ ̨ ̴̴̶̨̛̛̖̬̖̦̣̦̜̔̌̽ ̨̡̛̛̦̭̯̖̔̌̐
̨̨̛̛̪̯̣̌̐ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌. ʦ̨ ̵̨̛̥̦̐ ̸̵̦̱̦̼̌ ̪̱-
̶̵̡̛̛̣̍̌́ ̨̡̪̦̼̌̌̚ ̨̨̭̦̦̼̖̏ ̡̭̪̖̯̼̌ ̨̨̛̛̭̪̣̦̽̏̌́̚
̴̨̨̛̛̱̣̯̬̭̦̬̽̌̐̌ ̏ ̨̡̛̛̦̭̯̖̔̌̐ ̨̛̪̬̖̙̖̦̜̏̔ ̛ ̵̛̬̱̔̐
̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̜̚ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ [1; 3; 7]. ʽ̡̨̦̔̌
̨̪̬̣̖̥̼̍ ̡̨̡̨̥̪̣̖̭̦̜ ̸̨̣̱̖̜̏ ̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐ ̨̨̪̯̣̌-
̛̛̐ ̵̡̨̡̥̯̦̼́̐̌ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̨̭̯̯̭̌̀́
̸̨̨̨̦̖̭̯̯̦̔̌ ̨̛̛̭̭̣̖̦̦̼̥̔̏̌. ʪ̨ ̵̛̭ ̨̪̬ ̨̯̭̱̯̭̯̱̯̏̀
̦̦̼̖̔̌ ̨̨̛̭̬̦̯̖̣̦̌̏̽̐ ̛̦̣̌̌̌̚ ̸̨̡̨̛̛̦̭̯̖̭̜̔̌̐ ̴̾-
̴̡̨̛̛̖̯̦̭̯̏ ̴̨̨̛̛̱̣̯̬̭̦̬̽̌̐̌ ̛ ̴̨̛̛̬̖̦̯̖̦̬̐̐̌ ̛̪̬
̵̨̛̪̬̖̙̖̦̏̔́ ̵̡̨̡̥̯̦̼́̐̌ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬ ̨̨̦̦̔̌̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌. ʻ̖
̨̪̬̖̖̣̖̦̼̔ ̨̡̛̪̦̌̌́̚ ̡ ̛̛̪̬̥̖̦̖̦̀ ̨̨̥̖̯̔̏ ̸̨̣̱̖̜̏
̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐, ̦̖ ̨̬̬̯̦̌̌̍̌̚ ̸̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̖̭̜̔̌̐ ̨̛̣̬̯̥̌̐
̡̡̨̛̛̣̦-̸̨̨̣̱̖̏̐ ̨̨̛̭̣̖̦̍̔̏̌́ ̶̨̛̪̖̦̯̌̏ ̭ ̨̪̬̖̙̖̏̔-
̛̛̦̥́ ̵̡̨̡̥̯̦̼́̐̌ ̛ ̵̡̨̭̯̦̼ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌. ʰ̨̭̭̣̖̔-
̛̦̖̏̌ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̪̱̯̖̥ ̛̛̪̬̥̖̦̖̦́ ̶̴̵̨̛̬̼̏
̸̵̨̨̡̛̛̬̖̦̯̖̦̣̖̭̐̐ ̛ ̴̸̵̨̨̡̛̛̱̣̯̬̭̦̬̖̭̽̌̐̌ ̨̨̥̖̯̔̏;
̨̡̬̬̯̌̌̍̌̚ ̴̴̶̵̨̛̛̖̬̖̦̬̦̦̼̔̏̌ ̡̛̛̬̯̖̬̖̏ ̛̪̬ ̬̌̚-
̸̵̛̣̦̼ ̵̛̏̔̌ ̨̨̛̛̪̯̣̌̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̛ ̛̦̖̬̖̦̖̏̔ ̵̛ ̏ ̡̪̬̌-
̸̡̨̛̯̖̭̖ ̵̨̨̛̬̬̦̖̦̖̔̌̏̌̚, ̦̌ ̦̹̌ ̣̏̐́̔̚, ̣̖̯̭́̏́́
̨̛̦̥̔ ̛̚ ̵̛̙̦̖̜̹̏̌ ̴̸̵̨̡̡̛̛̛̪̬̣̯̖̭̌ ̛̦̪̬̣̖̦̜̌̌̏ ̏
̵̨̬̦̖̌ ̨̨̬̔̏̽́̚ ̛̦̭̖̣̖̦̌́. ʿ̛̛̬̖̥̱̺̖̭̯̥̏̌ ̨̱̣̯̬̭̽̌-
̴̨̛̛̦̬̐̌ ̣̯̭́̏́̀́ ̨̨̨̥̙̦̭̯̏̽̚ ̸̨̛̪̣̱̖̦́ ̵̨̨̪̭̣̜̦̼
̨̛̛̬̙̖̦̜̍̌̚ ̏ ̨̬̖̣̦̥̌̽ ̛̬̖̙̥̖ ̛̬̖̥̖̦̏, ̨̨̪̣̏́̀̚-
̺̖̥ ̨̨̛̛̪̬̯̏̔̽̚ ̶̨̨̨̡̨̨̛̥̦̪̬̖̦̦̖̐ ̡̨̛̛̭̦̬̦̖̌̏̌,
̸̨̨̛̦̖̬̦̖̦̦̭̯̐̌̽ ̨̏ ̛̬̖̥̖̦̏ ̨̛̛̭̭̣̖̦̔̏̌́, ̛̦̖̦̏̌-
̨̛̦̭̯̏̽̚ ̛ ̨̨̭̯̱̪̦̭̯̔̽. ʻ̨̖̭̥̯̬́ ̦̌ ̨̛̭̯̦̱̯̼̖̔̐ ̸̛̦̌̚-
̯̖̣̦̼̖̽ ̵̛̱̭̪̖ ̏ ̨̨̛̛̭̖̬̹̖̦̭̯̦̏̏̏̌ ̸̵̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̖̭̔̌̐
̨̨̥̖̯̔̏ ̶̨̪̬̖̦̯ ̸̵̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̖̭̔̌̐ ̨̨̡̛̹̍ ̨̭̭̯̣̖̯̌̏́
̛̦̜ ̨̣̖̥̖̦̯̾̏ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̛ ̨̡̼̭̏̌́ ̵̛ ̸̨̭̯̯̌̌
̨̪̬̖̖̣̯̔́̀ ̡̨̯̱̣̦̭̯̌̌̽̽ ̨̪̬̣̖̥̼̍ ̛ ̯̬̖̱̯̍̀ ̨̭̖̬̏-
̨̛̹̖̦̭̯̦̏̏̌́ ̸̨̣̱̖̜̏ ̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐.
ˉ̖̣̽ ̨̦̹̖̌̐ ̨̛̛̭̭̣̖̦̔̏̌́ – ̸̛̱̣̱̹̖̦̖ ̨̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐-
̡̛ ̸̵̡̛̛̯̬̥̯̖̭̌̏̌ ̛ ̸̵̨̡̛̛̪̭̯̯̬̥̯̖̭̌̏̌ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̜̚
̨̣̖̥̖̦̯̾̏ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌.
ʺʤ˃ʫˀʰʤʸ ʰ ʺʫ˃ʽʪˏ
ʦ ̨̨̭̦̱̏ ̸̵̦̱̦̼̌ ̨̛̛̭̭̣̖̦̜̔̏̌ ̨̪ ̨̯̜̾ ̡̯̱̣̌̌̽-
̨̦̜ ̨̡̛̪̬̣̖̥̯̖̍̌ ̨̨̪̣̙̖̦̼ ̬̖̱̣̯̯̼̽̌̚ ̡̨̡̨̨̥̪̣̖̭̦̐
̸̡̡̨̨̛̛̣̦̖̭̐, ̡̨̨̨̱̣̯̬̱̽̌̏̏̐̚, ̸̨̨̡̨̨̛̬̖̦̯̖̦̣̖̭̐̐̐
̨̨̛̭̣̖̦̍̔̏̌́ ̵̨̣̦̼̍̽ ̭ ̸̛̛̬̣̦̼̥̌̚ ̛̛̥̏̔̌ ̯̬̥̌̏̌-
̸̵̡̛̛̯̖̭ ̛ ̸̵̨̡̛̛̪̭̯̯̬̥̯̖̭̌̏̌ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̜̚ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬ ̡̨-
̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌.
˄̴̸̨̨̡̛̛̣̯̬̭̦̬̖̭̖̽̌̐̌ ̨̛̛̭̭̣̖̦̔̏̌́ ̨̪̬̖̖̏̔-
̦̼ ̱ 166 ̵̨̣̦̼̍̽ (236 ̨̭̱̭̯̌̏̏) ̭ ̨̛̙̣̥̌̍̌ ̦̌ ̨̣̍̽ ̏
̡̨̨̣̖̦̦̥ ̭̱̭̯̖̌̏ ̏ ̨̬̭̯̖̏̌̚ ̨̯ 40 ̨̔ 68 ̣̖̯ (̛̭̬̖̦̜̔
̨̬̭̯̏̌̚ 48 ̣̖̯). ˄̡̨̣̯̬̱̽̌̏̏̌́̚ ̨̡̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐̌ ̨̪̬̖̖̦̏̔̌
̭ ̨̪̪̬̯̥̌̌̌ MyLab-40 ʶ̨̛̛̥̪̦̌ Esaote (̨̨̨̛̪̬̭̯̏̔̏̚
ʰ̛̛̯̣̌) ̶̨̨̨̛̛̛̪̣̪̦̦̼̥̚ ̨̨̥̖̯̥̔ ̪̱̯̖̥ ̛̪̬̥̖̦̖-
̛̦́ ̸̨̨̨̛̥̱̣̯̭̯̯̦̽̌̐ ̨̨̛̣̦̖̜̦̐ ̸̡̛̯̔̌̌ ̭ 7-12 ʺʧ̶.
ʿ̛̬ ̨̛̛̪̬̖̖̦̏̔ ̴̨̨̛̛̭̦̬̐̌ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̛̦̥̌
̨̭̣̖̦̼̍̀̔ ̨̯̖̣̦̼̖̍́̌̽̚ ̨̛̯̬̖̦̍̏̌́. ʦ̸̦̣̖̌̌ – ̨̨̪̣-
̛̙̖̦̖ ̨̨̨̣̦̍̽̐ ̦̌ ̛̭̪̦̖, ̡̨̣̖̦̦̼̜ ̭̱̭̯̌̏ ̨̭̣̖̱̖̯̭̍̔́
̸̭̦̣̌̌̌ ̏ ̡̨̡̨̦̖̭̣̽ ̨̨̭̦̱̯̥̐ ̨̨̛̛̪̣̙̖̦ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̨̡̨̨̣
30 ̨̬̱̭̐̌̔̏ ̛ ̏ ̨̨̬̦̱̯̥̌̐̚ ̨̨̛̛̭̭̯̦́ ̯̖̥̌̚ ̨̨̨̣̦̍̽̐
̨̭̣̖̱̯̍̔̀ ̦̌ ̨̛̙̯̖̏ ̭ ̨̨̬̦̱̯̜̌̐̚ ̸̡̨̨̦̖̦̭̯̽̀.
ˀʫʯ˄ʸː˃ʤ˃ˏ ʰ ʽʥˁ˄ʮʪʫʻʰʫ
ʻ̌ ̨̨̛̛̭̦̦̏̌ ̸̛̛̱̖̦́̚ ̨̬̖̱̣̯̯̽̌̏̚ ̨̛̛̭̭̣̖̦̜̔̏̌
̛̦̥̌ ̼̣̖̦̼̏́̏ ̴̸̨̨̡̛̛̱̣̯̬̭̦̬̖̭̖̽̌̐̌ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦́̚ ̡̨̣̖̦-
̨̨̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̛̪̬ ̨̖̐ ̵̨̛̪̬̖̙̖̦̏̔́ ̛ ̨̭̭̯̣̖̦̌̏̌ ̭̣̖̱̔̀-
̺̌́ ̨̡̛̛̭̖̥̯̌.
ʿ̛̬ ̵̨̪̖̬̖̣̥̌ ̡̨̭̯̖̜ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̵̨̛̪̖̬̖̦̦̼̖̐̾̐ ̡̨̦-
̯̱̬̼ ̵̛ ̪̬̖̬̼̯̭̏̌̀́ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̨̛̪̐- ̛̛̣ ̵̨̨̦̖̦̦̜̌̾̐

Shoshilinch tibbiyot axborotnomasi, 2016, X (3) 63

 ʢˎ˟˕˓˃˔ˑːˑˆ˓˃˗ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˢ˒ˑ˅˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˌˍˑˎˈːːˑˆˑ˔˖˔˕˃˅˃
̨̨̡̨̪̣̭̜ ̛̛̣ ̸̡̱̭̯̌̌, ̌ ̛̪̬ ̛̛̭̥̖̹̖̦ ̨̨̡̨̯̣̥̏ ̛̪̖̬̐-
̵̨̖̦̦̼̜̾̐ ̡̨̦̯̱̬ ̴̨̛̖̬̥̬̱̖̯̭̔́. ʿ̛̬ ̵̨̛̭̬̭̹̭́ ̪̖̬̖-
̵̨̣̥̌ ̥̼ ̸̨̛̯̥̖̣̌ ̵̨̛̪̖̬̖̦̦̼̖̐̾̐ ̴̨̨̛̖̬̥̬̦̦̼̖̔̏̌
̡̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̦̌ ̥̖̭̯̖ ̨̛̪̬̙̖̦̌́.
ˀ̬̼̌̏̚ ̸̵̨̖̯̼̬̖̣̜̐̌̏ ̶̥̼̹̼ ̖̬̍̔̌ ̨̛̛̛̱̣̬̏̌̚̚-
̣̭̏̌́ ̭ ̨̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̜̔̔ ̡̨̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̜, ̛̪̬ ̨̯̥̾ ̸̨̯̥̖̖̯̭̌́
̛̦̬̱̹̖̦̖̌ ̵̨̔̌ ̨̨̡̨̣̦̏, ̸̛̛̦̣̖̌ ̵̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̌̾̐ ̸̱̭̯̌-
̡̨̏ – ̨̖̥̯̥̐̌, ̨̛̱̯̣̺̖̦̖ ̸̵̥̼̹̖̦̼ ̨̭̣̖̏. ˋ̸̛̭̯̦̼̜̌
̬̬̼̌̏̚ ̖̖ ̸̨̛̯̣̣̭̌́ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̡̨̨̛̥̬̖̥̯̥̐̌ ̛ ̨̱̯̣̺̖-
̛̦̖̥ ̶̥̼̹̼. ˀ̬̼̌̏̚ ̵̨̛̛̭̱̙̣́ ̸̵̨̖̯̼̬̖̣̜̐̌̏ ̥̼̹-
̶̼ ̖̬̍̔̌: ̡̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̨̖̐ ̦̖ ̨̬̦̼̖̏, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ – ̨̨̦̖̦̔-
̨̬̦̔̌́, ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̌̾̐ ̸̡̨̱̭̯̌̏, ̨̖̥̯̥̐̌,
̛̦̬̱̹̖̦̖̌ ̛ ̛̪̬̖̬̼̦̖̏̌ ̵̨̔̌ ̨̨̡̨̣̦̏, ̨̛̱̯̣̺̖̦̖ ̭̱-
̵̨̛̛̙̣́. ˋ̸̛̭̯̦̼̜̌ ̬̬̼̌̏̚ ̵̨̛̛̭̱̙̣́ ̸̵̨̖̯̼̬̖̣̜̐̌̏
̶̥̼̹̼ ̖̬̍̔̌ – ̡̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛̛̣ ̨̦̖̬̦̼̖̏, ̨̛̦̐̔̌
̪̬̖̬̼̖̯̭̏̌́ ̡̨̦̯̱̬ ̭ ̨̨̦̜̔ ̨̨̭̯̬̦̼, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ – ̨̦̖̔-
̨̨̦̬̦̔̌́, ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̌̾̐ ̸̡̨̡̨̛̥̬̱̭̯̌̏ – ̛̥-
̡̨̨̬̦̬̼̌̔̏̏, ̨̖̥̯̥̐̌, ̛̦̬̱̹̖̦̖̌ ̛ ̛̪̬̖̬̼̦̖̏̌ ̵̨̔̌
̨̨̡̨̣̦̏, ̨̛̱̯̣̺̖̦̖ ̵̨̛̛̭̱̙̣́. ʿ̛̬ ̵̭̯̬̖̣̼̌̌̚ ̨̪-
̵̛̬̖̙̖̦̏̔́ ̦̌ ̥̖̭̯̖ ̨̛̪̬̙̖̦̌́ ̸̨̛̯̥̖̣̭̌̽ ̨̱̪̣̯̦̖-
̛̦̖ ̛ ̛̦̬̱̹̖̦̖̌ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̼ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̸̡̨̱̭̯̌̏ ̛̪̖̬̐-
̵̵̨̖̦̦̼̾̐ ̸̡̛̣̖̦̜̏̀.
ʿ̛̬ ̵̬̬̼̌̏̌̚ ̵̨̡̨̼̍̏ ̨̡̭̏́̚ ̛ ̨̨̭̭̯̖̦̦̜̍̏ ̡̛̭̏́̚
̡̨̡̛̦̣̖̦̦̌̔̌ ̴̴̶̨̛̛̖̬̖̦̬̣̭̔̏̌̌̽ ̡̯̌̌́ ̡̛̬̯̦̌̌: ̡̨̦-
̯̱̬̼ ̨̦̖̬̦̼̖̏, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ – ̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̔̔̌́, ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌
̵̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̌̾̐ ̸̡̨̱̭̯̌̏, ̨̖̥̯̥̐̌, ̴̶̨̛̖̬̥̔̌́ ̛ ̪̬̖̬̼̏̌-
̛̦̖ ̵̨̔̌ ̨̨̡̨̣̦̏, ̨̛̱̯̣̺̖̦̖ ̡̛̭̏́̚. ˋ̸̛̭̯̦̼̖̌ ̬̬̼̌̚-
̼̏ ̵̨̡̨̼̍̏ ̨̡̭̏́̚ ̛ ̨̨̭̭̯̖̦̦̜̍̏ ̡̛̭̏́̚ ̡̨̡̛̦̣̖̦̦̌̔̌
̛̼̣̖̣̏̐́̔ ̭ ̨̛̬̦̼̥̏ ̛̛̣ ̨̛̦̖̬̦̼̥̏, ̨̛̦̐̔̌ ̛̪̬̖̬̼̏-
̛̭̯̼̥ ̡̨̛̦̯̱̬̥̌ ̭ ̨̨̦̜̔ ̨̨̭̯̬̦̼, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̛̪̬ ̨̯̥̾
̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̔̔̌́, ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̌̾̐ ̸̡̨̡̨̛̥̬̱̭̯̌̏
– ̡̨̨̛̥̬̦̬̼̌̔̏̏, ̨̖̥̯̥̐̌, ̦̬̱̹̖̯̭̌̌́ ̛ ̪̬̖̬̼̖̯̭̏̌́
̵̨̔ ̨̨̡̨̣̦̏, ̡̛̭̏́̚ ̨̱̯̣̺̯̭̌̀́. ʦ ̵̨̯̣̖̦̦̼̔̌ ̨̛̪̖̬-
̵̔̌ ̵̨̡̛̬̯̦̾̌̌ ̦̌ ̨̱̬̦̖̏ ̨̛̪̬̙̖̦̌́ ̸̨̯̥̖̣̭̌̌̽ ̏ ̛̖̏̔
̡̨̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̣̦̜̌̽ ̨̡̛̪̖̬̖̭̯̬̜ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̨̱̥̖̬̖̦̦̜
̴̶̨̛̛̖̬̥̔̌ ̡̨̨̦̯̱̬̏, ̱̥̖̬̖̦̦̼̥ ̸̨̛̛̭̯̦̖̦̖̥, ̌ ̏ ̦̖-
̵̡̨̨̯̬̼ ̸̵̭̣̱̌́ ̨̛̱̪̣̯̦̖̦̖̥ ̨̡̭̏́̚.
ˁ̱̪̬̪̯̖̣̣̬̦̼̜̌̌́ ̛̱̬̭̯̍ ̨̛̛̛̱̣̬̣̭̏̌̏̌́̚̚ ̭ ̨̬̏-
̛̦̼̥ ̛ ̸̡̛̛̖̯̥ ̛̦̬̱̙̦̼̥̌ ̡̨̛̦̯̱̬̥̌, ̛̪̬ ̨̯̥̾ ̨̛̭̦-
̛̣̦̏̌̽̌́ ̸̨̨̨̡̣̍̌ ̸̨̭̯̌ ̨̱̯̣̺̖̦̌, ̛̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̜̏ ̡̨̦̯̱̬
̸̨̨̼̦̍ ̨̦̖̬̦̼̜̏. ˁ̱̪̬̪̯̖̣̣̬̦̌̌́̌́ ̡̭̱̥̌ ̛̬̭̹̬̖̦̌̌ ̛
̨̱̯̣̺̖̦̌, ̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̏́́ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̵̨̦̖̦̦̌̾̐̌́ ̨̨̨̦̬̔̔-
̦̌́ ̛̛̣ ̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̔̔̌́ ̭ ̖̭̏̏̽̀̚ ̵̨̣̪̖̽̏. ʰ̴̦̬̪̌̌-
̯̖̣̣̬̦̼̜́ ̛̱̬̭̯̍ ̼̣̣̭̏́̏́́ ̬̖̙̖, ̸̖̥ ̭̱̪̬̪̯̖̣̣̬̦̼̜̌̌́
̛̱̬̭̯̍. ʶ̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̖̖ ̭̖̏̐̔̌ ̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛ ̸̡̛̖̯̖. ˄̨̛̯̣̺̖̦̖
̡̪̭̱̣̼̌ ̨̦̣̣̭̌̍̀̔̌̽ ̏ ̵̡̛̬̖̔ ̸̵̭̣̱̌́. ʦ̦̱̯̬̖̦̦́́
̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̱̬̭̼̍ ̸̨̨̼̦̍ ̵̨̦̖̦̦̌̾̐̌́ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̛̙̔-
̡̨̛̭̯. ʦ ̦̹̖̥̌ ̛̛̦̣̖̦̌̍̀̔ ̴̛̦̬̪̯̖̣̣̬̦̼̜̌̌́ ̛̱̬̭̯̍
̼̭̯̬̖̖̍ ̬̬̖̹̣̭̌̌́̚ ̨̪ ̛̭̬̦̖̦̌̏̀ ̭ ̭̱̪̬̪̯̖̣̣̬̦̼̥̌̌́
̨̛̱̬̭̯̥̍. ʿ̛̬ ̸̛̛̛̦̣̌ ̛̱̬̭̯̍̌ ̡̨̛̙̭̯̔̽ ̸̨̯̥̖̣̭̌̌̽
̛ ̏ ̵̨̡̨̼̍̏ ̵̡̦̣̌̌̌, ̸̺̖̌ ̏ ̨̛̥̖̣̦̥̔̌̽ ̡̦̣̖̌̌. ʿ̛̬
̸̵̭̯̼̌ ̵̛̱̬̭̯̍̌ ̏ ̨̨̯̣̖̦̦̥̔̌ ̨̛̪̖̬̖̔ ̥̼ ̦̣̌̍̀̔̌-
̛̣ ̨̛̱̪̣̯̦̖̦̖ ̡̪̭̱̣̼̌. ʦ ̵̡̨̨̦̖̯̬̼ ̸̵̭̣̱̌́ ̨̨̛̪̥̥
̨̛̱̪̣̯̦̖̦́ ̡̪̭̱̣̼̌ ̛̼̣̣̏́̏́ ̨̛̱̯̣̺̖̦̖ ̖̖ ̭ ̼̬̙̖̦̏̌-
̨̦̜ ̴̶̨̛̖̬̥̖̜̔̌ ̡̨̨̦̯̱̬̏, ̸̨̯ ̨̨̨̭̖̦̦̍ ̸̨̨̯̥̖̣̭̌̽
̦̌ ̨̱̬̦̖̏ ̨̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̖̏̐ ̡̨̦̯̱̬̌.
ʦ ̦̹̖̜̌ ̡̡̛̪̬̯̖̌ ̡̨̬̖̔ ̸̨̯̥̖̣̭̌̌̽ ̯̬̥̌̏̌ ̨̨̛̙̬̏-
̨̐ ̯̖̣̌ (̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̔̔̌́ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̨̦̖̦̌̾̐-
̵̦̼ ̸̡̨̱̭̯̌̏), ̸̺̖̌ ̴̴̶̨̛̛̛̖̬̖̦̬̣̭̔̏̌̽ ̨̱̪̣̯̦̖̦̦̼̖
̸̡̛̱̭̯̌, ̸̨̯ ̨̨̨̥̙̦̏̚ ̨̼̣̍ ̨̭̦̏́̌̚ ̭ ̨̪̖̬̖̦̖̭̖̦̦̜ ̬̌-
̦̖̖ ̨̯̬̥̜̌̏. ʿ̛̬ ̸̵̨̡̛̛̪̭̯̯̬̥̯̖̭̌̏̌ ̵̛̖̖̦̖̬̯̦̼̔̐̌̏
64
̵̛̛̥̖̦̖̦́̚ ̸̺̖̌ ̸̨̯̥̖̣̭̌̌̽ ̴̨̛̛̪̖̬̯̬̐́ ̛ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱-
̬̣̦̌̽̌́ ̨̡̪̖̬̖̭̯̬̜̌.
ˀ̬̼̌̏̚ (̨̪̖̬̖̦̖̔̐ ̛̛̣ ̨̦̖̌̔̐̚ ̨̬̐̌ ̨̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̖̏̐
̛̛̣ ̨̨̦̬̱̙̦̌̐) ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌ ̨̛̛̛̱̣̬̣̭̏̌̏̌́̚̚ ̸̨̖̦̽ ̨̬̦̌̚-
̨̨̬̦̍̌̚. ʶ̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛̛̣ ̨̦̖̬̦̼̖̏ – ̏ ̨̛̛̛̭̥̭̯̌̏̚
̨̯ ̵̡̬̯̖̬̌̌̌ ̛̛̛̣̦ ̨̛̣̥̌̚, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ – ̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̔̔̌́
̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̛̛̛̣̦ ̴̶̛̛̬̥̖̦̯̌̐̌ ̏ ̸̵̛̬̣̦̼̌̚ ̵̛̏̔̌:
̸̨̪̪̖̬̖̦̌́, Y-̨̬̦̍̌̌́̚, ̨̨̪̬̣̦̔̽̌́ ̛̛̣ ̡̨̭̌́ ̛̛̣̦́
̴̶̛̛̬̥̖̦̯̌̐̌. ʰ̨̦̐̔̌ ̛̪̬ ̸̵̨̪̪̖̬̖̦̼ ̴̶̵̛̬̥̖̦̯̌̐̌́
̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̏́́ ̸̭̯̌̽ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌ ̦̖ ̛̛̛̱̣̬̱̖̯̭̏̌́̚̚, ̛̛̣ ̛̏-
̨̛̛̱̣̬̣̭̌̏̌̌̽̚̚ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̛̭̯̔̌̌̌̚ (̏ ̛̖̏̔ ̵̨̦̖̦̌̾̐-
̨̨̦̐ ̸̡̱̭̯̌̌ ̭ ̸̡̛̛̦̖̖̯̥ ̡̨̛̦̯̱̬̥̌) – ̬̬̼̌̏̚ ̨̪ ̛̯̪̱
«̸̡̛̬̱ ̡̛̣̖̜». ˃̡̙̖̌ ̸̨̛̯̥̖̣̭̌̽ ̡̪̬̪̭̱̣̬̦̼̖̌̌̌́
̬̬̼̼̌̏̚. ʦ ̦̹̖̜̌ ̡̡̛̪̬̯̖̌ ̸̺̖̌ ̨̭̖̏̐ ̸̨̛̯̥̖̣̭̌̽ ̬̌̚-
̬̼̼̏ ̏ ̪̖̬̖̦̖̥̔ ̛ ̦̖̥̌̔̚ ̨̬̖̐ ̨̨̛̥̖̣̦̔̌̽̐ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌.
ʦ ̵̨̯̣̖̦̦̼̔̌ ̵̨̛̪̖̬̔̌ ̥̼ ̸̨̛̯̥̖̣̌ ̨̨̛̛̪̬̣̬̦̖̌̍̏̌
̡̛̥̖̦̭̌ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̴̶̨̛̛̖̬̥̔̌ ̡̨̨̦̯̱̬̏, ̡̨̨̦̖̯̬̼̥
̸̨̛̛̭̯̦̖̦̖̥ ̨̖̐, ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̖̥̚ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̼ ̛ ̴̨̨̛̬̥̬̏̌-
̛̦̖̥ ̨̨̦̬̯̬̐̌̌̚.
ʿ̨̛̬̖̙̖̦̖̏̔ ˈ-̵̨̬̦̼̍̌̚ ̨̡̭̏́̚ ̨̼̼̣̏̏̌̚ ̡̨̦̖̭̣̽-
̡̨ ̛̯̬̱̦̖̦̜̌̔̚ ̛̚-̌̚ ̨̨̨̛̦̖̥̙̦̭̯̏̚ ̨̛̪̬̭̣̖̯̔̽ ̦̌
̭̖̥̏ ̨̛̛̪̬̯̙̖̦́. ʿ̛̬ ̨̯̥̾ ̸̨̨̼̦̍ ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̨̨̦̖̥̐-
̖̦̦̐̌́ ̛̛̣ ̦̖ ̛̛̛̱̣̬̱̖̯̭̏̌́̚̚, ̦̌ ̥̖̭̯̖ ̖̖ ̛̛̱̣̏̌̚-
̶̛̛̌̚ ̨̪̬̖̖̣̖̯̭̔́́ ̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̜̌̾̐ ̸̨̡̱̭̯̌ ̭ ̸̡̛̛̦̖̖̯̥
̡̨̛̦̯̱̬̥̌.
ʦ̡̼̹̖̱̦̦̼̖̌̌̚ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦́̚ ̨̣̖̥̖̦̯̾̏ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̏ ̦̖-
̵̡̨̨̯̬̼ ̸̵̭̣̱̌́ ̨̨̨̛̭̪̬̙̣̭̏̔̌̽ ̛̛̭̣̖̱̺̥̔̀ ̨̨̭̭̯́-
̛̛̦̥́:
ʺ̨̛̛̯̚ ̸̵̨̖̯̼̬̖̣̜̐̌̏ ̶̥̼̹̼ ̖̬̍̔̌ – ̛̪̬ ̨̯̥̾
̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̡̨̡̨̦̖̭̣̽ ̨̨̛̪̦̙̖̦̦̜ ̵̨̨̛̖̦̦̭̯̾̐, ̨̏̚-
̨̨̥̙̦ ̖̘ ̨̛̱̯̣̺̖̦̖. ˃̛̛̖̦̦̯̔ ̵̨̛̛̭̱̙̣́ ̸̵̖̯̼̬̖-
̨̣̜̐̌̏ ̶̥̼̹̼ ̖̬̍̔̌ – ̡̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛ ̸̡̛̖̯̖,
̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̨̨̨̦̬̦̔̔̌́, ̨̨̨̥̙̦̏̚ ̡̨̡̨̦̖̭̣̽ ̛̭̦̙̖̦̌
̵̨̨̖̦̦̭̯̾̐̽, ̨̛̦̐̔̌ ̨̱̯̣̺̖̦̌. ˃̨̛̛̖̦̦̯̔̏̌̐ ̵̨̛̭̱̙-
̛̣́ ̸̵̨̖̯̼̬̖̣̜̐̌̏ ̶̥̼̹̼ ̖̬̍̔̌ ̨̨̨̭̪̬̙̣̭̏̔̌́ ̭
̨̛̬̦̼̥̏ ̛ ̸̡̛̛̖̯̥ ̡̨̛̦̯̱̬̥̌, ̸̨̨̼̦̍ ̭ ̨̨̨̨̦̬̦̜̔̔
̡̨̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̜, ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̨̨̨̦̖̦̦̌̾̐̐ ̨̨̡̍̔̌ – ̡̨̛̛̙̭̯̔
̏ ̸̨̛̦̖̦̯̖̣̦̥̌̽̚ ̸̡̨̛̣̖̭̯̖̏ ̥̖̙̱̔ ̵̨̛̛̭̱̙̣̖̥ ̛ ̨̖̐
̴̨̱̯̣̬̥́. ʺ̡̛̖̣̖ ̡̨̛̭̯̦̼̖̚ ̨̨̛̬̦̍̌̏̌́̚ ̵̨̛̛̭̱̙̣́
̸̵̨̖̯̼̬̖̣̜̐̌̏ ̶̥̼̹̼ ̖̬̍̔̌ – ̡̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛ ̸̖̯-
̡̛̖, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̔̔̌́ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̨̨̨̦̖̦̦̌̾̐̐
̸̡̱̭̯̌̌ ̨̡̨̬̱̣̜̐ ̛̛̣ ̨̡̨̬̱̣̐-̨̨̣̦̜̏̌̽ ̴̨̬̥̼. ʸ̛̐̌-
̛̥̖̦̯̯ ̵̨̡̨̼̍̏ ̨̡̭̏́̚ ̛ ̨̨̭̭̯̖̦̦̜̍̏ ̡̛̭̏́̚ ̡̨̦̌̔-
̡̛̣̖̦̦̌ – ̡̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛ ̸̡̛̖̯̖, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̨̨̦̔-
̨̬̦̔̌́, ̨̨̨̥̙̦̏̚ ̡̨̡̨̦̖̭̣̽ ̛̭̦̙̖̦̌ ̵̨̨̖̦̦̭̯̾̐̽,
̨̱̯̣̺̖̦̌; ̛̛̣̥̖̦̯̯̐̌ X-̵̨̬̦̼̍̌̚ ̨̡̭̏́̚ – ̡̨̦̯̱̬̼
̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛ ̸̡̛̦̖̖̯̖, ̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̨̨̨̦̬̦̔̔̌́, ̸̛̛̦̣̖̌
̵̨̨̨̦̖̦̦̌̾̐̐ ̨̨̡̍̔̌.
ʶ̛̭̯̌ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌ ̛̛̛̱̣̬̱̖̯̭̏̌́̚̚ ̏ ̸̵̛̬̣̦̼̌̚ ̛̬̏̌-
̵̦̯̌̌: 1) ̦̌ ̴̨̦̖ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌ ̨̪̬̖̖̣̖̯̭̔́́ ̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̜̌̾̐
̸̨̡̱̭̯̌ ̨̡̨̬̱̣̜̐ ̴̨̬̥̼; 2) ̦̌ ̴̨̦̖ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌ ̨̪̬̖̖̔-
̣̖̯̭́́ ̵̨̦̖̦̦̼̜̌̾̐ ̸̨̡̱̭̯̌ ̨̡̨̬̱̣̐-̨̨̣̦̜̏̌̽ ̛̛̣ ̦̖-
̨̛̪̬̣̦̜̌̏̽ ̴̨̬̥̼ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̴̶̨̛̛̖̬̥̔̌ ̨̡̨̨̜̍̏
̡̛̭̏́̚; 3) ̡̨̨̛̭̯̦̖̚ ̨̛̪̖̬̖̬̙̖̦̖̔ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌ ̭ ̨̪̬̖̙̏-
̛̖̦̖̥̔ ̨̡̨̨̜̍̏ ̡̛̭̏́̚; 4) ̨̡̨̨̡̨̛̣̥̖̦̭̼̖̏ ̡̛̭̯̼
̸̨̨̼̦̍ ̨̨̣̦̜̏̌̽ ̴̨̬̥̼, ̸̺̖̌ ̨̛̬̭̪̣̣̭̌̌̐̌̽ ̨̪ ̛̦̙-
̦̖-̨̦̬̱̙̦̥̱̌ ̡̨̦̯̱̬̱ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌. ʶ̨̛̭̯̦̼̖̚ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦́̚
̸̺̖̌ ̸̨̛̯̥̖̣̭̌̽ ̏ ̨̛̣̭̯̍̌ ̨̪̖̬̖̦̖̔̐ ̨̬̐̌ ̣̯̖̬̣̌̌̽-
̨̨̦̐ ̡̛̥̖̦̭̌.
ʶ̛̭̯̌ ʥ̡̖̜̖̬̌ ̛̛̛̱̣̬̱̖̯̭̏̌́̚̚ ̦̌ ̨̱̬̦̖̏ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̨̪
̦̖̜̌̔̚ ̵̨̨̛̪̖̬̦̭̯̏ ̖̖, ̸̺̖̌ ̏ ̶̨̖̦̯̬̣̦̌̽-̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̖̥̏
ʦ̡̛̖̭̯̦ ̡̨̭̯̬̖̦̦̜̾ ̶̛̛̥̖̦̼̔, 2016, X (3)
 ʢǤʛǤʟ˖˔˕˃ˏˑ˅˃

̭̖̥̖̦̯̖̐ – ̨̪̬̣̖̯̭́̏́́ ̏ ̸̵̛̬̣̦̼̌̚ ̵̛̬̦̯̏̌̌̌: 1) ̨̡̬̱̐-
̨̣-̨̨̣̦̜̏̌̽ ̴̨̬̥̼; 2) ̨̨̨̪̬̣̦̔̽-̨̨̣̦̜̏̌̽ ̴̨̬̥̼;
3) ̨̨̛̭̖̬̪̦̜̏̔ ̴̨̬̥̼; 4) ̨̛̦̖̪̬̣̦̜̌̏̽ ̴̨̬̥̼ ̭ ̦̌-
̸̛̛̣̖̥ ̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̖̜̏ ̨̨̡̛̪̖̬̖̬̐̔. ʿ̛̬ ̨̯̥̾ ̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̏́́
̡̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̌ ̡̛̭̯̼ ̸̺̖̌ ̨̨̨̦̬̦̔̔̌́, ̌ ̡̨̦̯̱̬̼ ̨̬̦̼̖̏ ̛
̸̡̛̖̯̖, ̬̖̙̖ – ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̨̣̪̖̽̏ ̛̖̭̏̏̚ ̛ ̨̱̥̖̬̖̦̦
̵̨̨̛̪̖̬̖̦̦̜̐̾̐ ̨̨̱̯̣̺̖̦̦̜ ̡̨̪̭̱̣̜̌ (̛̪̬ ̵̸̵̨̡̛̛̬̦̖̭
̴̵̨̬̥̌). ʿ̸̨̛̯ ̛̪̬ ̵̭̖̏ ̵̛̬̦̯̏̌̌̌ ̨̨̥̙̦ ̨̼̣̍ ̨̪̬̭̣̖-
̛̯̔̽ ̭̏́̽̚ («̨̨̡̬̙̱̔») ̏ ̭̱̭̯̌̏. ʻ̌ ̨̨̛̛̭̦̦̏̌ ̛̣̯̖̣̔̽-
̨̨̦̐ ̛̦̣̖̦̌̍̀̔́ ̥̼ ̨̛̛̯̥̖̯̣ ̨̨̨̛̦̬̖̔̐, ̨̛̱̬̖̔̏̐ ̛
̵̨̛̯̬̖̬̖̐ ̴̨̬̥̼ ̡̛̭̯̼ ʥ̡̖̜̖̬̌.
ʻ̸̛̛̣̖̌ ̵̵̨̨̦̬̥̦̼̔ ̯̖̣ (̸̡̨̨̛̣̖̭̯̏ ̛ ̬̥̖̬̼̌̚
̬̦̼̖̌̚, ̸̡̡̛̱̭̯̖̭̌̌́ ̯̖̦̽ ̛̛̭̯̌̏̚ ̨̯ ̵̛ ̨̨̛̪̣̯̦̭̯, ̨̣-
̶̡̛̛̣̌̌́̚ – ̏ ̨̭̱̭̯̦̜̌̏ ̨̨̛̪̣̭̯). ˑ̨̯ ̸̺̖̌ ̨̭̖̏̐ ̦̣̌̍̀-
̨̣̭̔̌̽ ̏ ̵̨̯̖̣̖̦̦̼̔ ̵̨̛̪̖̬̔̌.
ʧ̨̛̬̥̼̐ ̛̛̛̱̣̬̱̯̭̏̌̀́̚̚ ̭ ̸̡̛̛̖̯̥ ̛ ̨̛̬̦̼̥̏
̡̨̛̦̯̱̬̥̌, ̏ ̨̨̨̭̦̦̥̏ ̨̡̨̬̱̣̜̐ ̛̛̣ ̨̡̨̬̱̣̐-̨̨̣̦̜̏̌̽
̴̨̬̥̼ ̭ ̵̨̨̦̖̦̦̜̌̾̐ ̦̱̯̬̖̦̦̖̜̏ ̡̨̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̜.
ʽ̨̛̬̦̦̦̐̌̏̌̌́̚ ̨̖̥̯̥̐̌̌ ̛̛̛̱̣̬̱̖̯̭̏̌́̚̚ ̭ ̸̖̯-
̡̛̛̥ ̛ ̨̛̬̦̼̥̏ ̛̛̣ ̨̛̦̖̬̦̼̥̏ ̡̨̛̦̯̱̬̥̌, ̨̛̦̐̔̌
̭ ̵̨̛̪̖̬̖̦̦̼̥̐̾̐ ̨̨̡̨̥̍̔ ̛ ̨̨̨̨̦̖̦̬̦̜̔̔ ̦̱̯̬̖̦̏-
̦̖̜ ̡̨̭̯̬̱̯̱̬̜ ̭ ̸̛̛̦̣̖̥̌ ̵̵̨̛̪̖̬̖̦̦̼̐̾̐ ̸̡̣̖̏̀-
̛̦̜.
ʦˏʦʽʪˏ
ʻ̌ ̨̨̛̛̭̦̦̏̌ ̛̦̣̖̦̌̍̀̔́ ̴̸̵̨̨̡̛̛̭̦̬̖̭̐̌ ̨̛̬̍̌̚-
̛̙̖̦̜ ̱ ̵̨̣̦̼̍̽ ̭ ̨̯̬̥̜̌̏ ̛ ̸̨̡̛̛̛̪̭̯̯̬̥̯̖̭̥̌̏̌ ̛̚-
̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̥́ ̵̡̛̥́̐ ̨̣̖̥̖̦̯̾̏ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̛̪̬̹-
̛̣ ̡ ̨̼̱̏̏̔, ̸̨̯ ̦̦̼̜̔̌ ̨̥̖̯̔ ̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐ ̨̨̪̣̖̯̏́̚
̛̼̯̏́̏̽ ̦̖̙̦̼̖̌̔ ̡̛̛̛̬̯̖̬ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̜̚, ̯̖̥ ̭̥̼̥̌
̖̯̔̌ ̨̨̛̭̦̦̖̏̌ ̡̨̨̬̖̥̖̦̯̔̏̌̽ ̨̖̐ ̡ ̨̡̨̛̹̬̥̱ ̦̖̬̖̏̔-
̛̦̀ ̏ ̡̡̛̪̬̯̱̌ ̣̔́ ̸̨̛̱̯̦̖̦́ ̨̛̦̔̌̐̌̚ ̏ ̸̨̛̛̭̖̯̦̌ ̭
̸̨̨̡̛̛̬̖̦̯̖̦̣̖̭̥̐̐ ̨̨̥̖̯̥̔. ʽ̛̪̭̦̦̌̌́ ̵̡̛̛̬̯̖̬̭̯̌̌-
̡̌ ̖̯̣̖̜̔̌ ̛̛̥̖̦̖̦̜̚ ̨̣̖̥̖̦̯̾̏ ̡̨̨̨̣̖̦̦̐ ̭̱̭̯̌̏̌ ̛̪̬
̨̖̐ ̵̯̬̥̌̏̌ ̨̨̪̥̖̯̐̌ ̨̨̛̛̦̭̯̬̯̔̌̐̏̌̽ ̨̣̖̖̍ ̨̨̪̣̦ ̛
̨̨̨̭̯̖̬̦̔̏, ̸̱̣̱̹̖̯̌ ̸̡̨̖̭̯̌̏ ̨̡̛̛̛̦̭̯̔̌̐, ̨̨̪̣̖̯̏́̚
̨̛̛̦̖̦̦̏̌̏̚ ̛ ̨̨̡̨̥̦̬̯̦̐̌ ̨̨̛̪̬̯̏̔̽ ̨̨̛̛̥̦̯̬̦̐ ̣̖-
̸̛̖̦́.
ʸʰ˃ʫˀʤ˃˄ˀʤ
ͳǤ ʐ˓ˡ˘˃ːˑ˅ ʏǤʑǤǡ ʙˎ˞ˉˋː ʛǤʏǤ ʙˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔ːˑˈ ˒˓ˋˏˈǦ
ːˈːˋˈˎ˖˚ˈ˅˞˘ˏˈ˕ˑˇˑ˅ˇˋ˃ˆːˑ˔˕ˋˍˋ˒˓ˋˑ˄˔ˎˈˇˑǦ
˅˃ːˋˋ ˄ˑˎ˟ː˞˘ ˔ ˕˓˃˅ˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˏˋ ˒ˑ˅˓ˈˉˇˈːˋǦ
ˢˏˋˍˑˎˈːː˞˘˔˖˔˕˃˅ˑ˅Ǥʠˋ˄ˋ˓˔ˍˋˌˏˈˇˋ˙ˋː˔ˍˋˌ
ˉ˖˓ː˃ˎǡʹͲͲͺǢʹ͵ȋʹ͵ȌǣʹͲǦʹͶǤ
ʹǤʓˈˌˍ˃ˎˑʑǤʞǤǡʐˑˎˑ˄ˑ˛ˍˑʙǤʐǤʠ˕˓˖ˍ˕˖˓˃˕˓˃˅ˏˋˊ˃Ǧ
˄ˑˎˈ˅˃ːˋˌ ˍˑˎˈːːˑˆˑ ˔˖˔˕˃˅˃Ǥ ʜˑ˅ˑ˔˕ˋ ˘ˋ˓˖˓ˆˋˋǤ
ʹͲͲ͹ǢǤͳͷȋͳȌǣʹ͸Ȅ͵ͳǤ
͵Ǥ ʔ˔˟ˍˋː ʜǤʏǤ ʙˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔ː˃ˢ ˇˋ˃ˆːˑ˔˕ˋˍ˃ ˊ˃˄ˑˎˈǦ
˅˃ːˋˌ ˋ ˒ˑ˅˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˌ ˏˢˆˍˋ˘ ˕ˍ˃ːˈˌ ˋ ˔˖˔˕˃˅ˑ˅
ˑ˒ˑ˓ːˑǦˇ˅ˋˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˆˑ˃˒˒˃˓˃˕˃ǤȂʓˋ˔ǤǤǤǤˇˑˍ˕ǤˏˈˇǤ
ː˃˖ˍǤȂʛǤǡʹͲͲͳǤ
ͶǤʙ˓ˈ˔˕˟ˢ˛ˋːʑǤʛǤʞˑ˅˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˢˋˊ˃˄ˑˎˈ˅˃ːˋˢˍˑǦ
ˎˈːːˑˆˑ ˔˖˔˕˃˅˃ ˖ ˇˈ˕ˈˌ ȋˍˎˋːˋˍ˃ǡ ˇˋ˃ˆːˑ˔˕ˋˍ˃ǡ
ˎˈ˚ˈːˋˈȌǣ˃˅˕ˑ˓ˈ˗Ǥˇˋ˔ǤǤǤǤˇǦ˓˃ˏˈˇǤː˃˖ˍǤʛǤǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ͷǤ ʛˋ˓ˑːˑ˅ ʠǤʞǤǡ ʝ˓ˎˈ˙ˍˋˌ ʏǤʙǤǡ ʑˈ˕˓ˋˎˠ ǤǤ ʏ˓˕˓ˑǦ
˔ˍˑ˒ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˏˈ˕ˑˇ˞ ˎˈ˚ˈːˋˢ ˒ˑ˅˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˌ ˔˅ˢǦ
ˊˑ˚ːˑǦ˔˖ˏˑ˚ːˑˆˑ ˃˒˒˃˓˃˕˃ ˍˑˎˈːːˑˆˑ ˔˖˔˕˃˅˃ ˅
ˑ˔˕˓ˑˏ ˒ˈ˓ˋˑˇˈ ˕˓˃˅ˏ˞ ʠ˄Ǥ ˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋ˃ˎˑ˅  ʙˑːǦ
ˆ˓ˈ˔˔˃ ʟˑ˔˔ˋˌ˔ˍˑˆˑ ʏ˓˕˓ˑ˔ˍˑ˒ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ʝ˄˜ˈ˔˕˅˃Ǥ
ʛǤǡʹͲͲͳǢ͸͵Ǥ
͸ǤƒŽŽƒ‰Šƒ Ǥ ǤŠ‡†—Ž–‡‡ǡ ƒ”† ‘˜‡”ǡʹͲͲ͵Ǣ͵ͺͶǤ
7. ɋɚɦɛɚɬɨɜ Ȼ.Ƚ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɫɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɦɹɝɤɨɬɤɚɧɵɟ ɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɚ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ.
Ⱥɪɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡɚ: Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮɟ-
ɪɚɬ ɞɢɫ. ... ɤɚɧɞ. ɦɟɞ.ɧɚɭɤ. Ɇ., 2010.
ͺǤ ʠ˕ˈ˒˃ː˚ˈːˍˑ ʏǤʞǤ ʚ˖˚ˈ˅˃ˢ ˇˋ˃ˆːˑ˔˕ˋˍ˃ ˕˓˃˅ˏ˃Ǧ
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