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Technology of Work
with Ontolingua
Ontolingua

User

Ontologies
Library
Ontology 1
Theory
Classes
Relations
Functions
Axioms
.

Formalising of
users task

Internet

Models fragments
...
Concepts
...

Tasks theory:
variables,
classes,
relations,
functions,
axioms,
equations.
Question.

Logical inference
Equations solving, Mathematica.
Simulation modeling.

Specialized
servers of
..
mathematical
processing

73

Users abilities in Ontolingua

Review of Ontolingua library sections represented in the
form of HTML documents;
Search for theories and definitions in the Ontolingua library;
Creation and editing of the users own ontology;
Syntactical validation of the created specifications and
links to other ontologies;
Preparation of hypertext documentation on ontologies in
the form of HTML documents;
In the presence of Common Lisp system - possibility of
local operation with Ontolingua system.

..

74

KA2 Initiative and Ontobroker project

(Knowledge Annotation Initiative of the Knowledge Acquisition
Community)

Main research trends:

Ontology engineering;

Web-pages annotation;
Inquiries for information on Web-pages
and answers inference on the basis of
ontology knowledge.
..
http://ontobroker.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/

75

KA2 Initiative and

Ontobroker project
Sections of Common Ontology
organization ontology;
project ontology;
person ontology;
research-topic ontology;
publication ontology;
event ontology;
research-product ontology;
research-group ontology.
..

76

KA2 Initiative and

Ontobroker project

..

77

SHOE Project
(Simple HTML Ontology Extensions)

Main research trends:

Development of reusable ontologies for

concepts that are most frequent for Webresources;

Development of knowledge annotators.

http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/SHOE/
..
78

SHOE Architecture
Annotations
Knowledge
annotator

Webpages

User Interface

Text
Editor

Search
SHOE

Subject
domain
interface

Represent
Knowledge
base
..

79

50

Apollo
CIRCA Taxonomy Administrator
CoGITaNT
Coherence
Contextia
COPORUM OntoBuilder
DAG-Edit
DAMLImp (API)
Differential Ontology Editor (DOE)
Disciple Learning Agent Shell
Domain Ontology Management
Environment (DOME)
DUET
Enterprise Semantic Platform (ESP)
including Knowledge Toolkit
EOR
ExClaim & CommonKADS Workbench

GALEN Case Environment

(GCE)
ICOM
Integrated Ontology
Development Environment
IsaViz
JOE
KAON (including OIModeller)
KBE -- Knowledge Base Editor
(for Zeus AgentBuilding Toolkit)
LegendBurster Ontology Editor
LinKFactory Workbench
Medius Visual Ontology
Modeler
NeoClassic
OilEd
OLR3 Schema Editor

..

80

50

OntoBuilder
OntoEdit
Ontolingua with
Chimaera
Ontology Builder &
Server
Ontology Directed
Extraction (ODE) Tools
Ontopia Knowledge
Suite
Ontosaurus
OntoTerm
OpenCyc Knowledge
Server

OpenKnoMe
PC Pack 4

Protg

RDFAuthor
RDFedt
SemTalk
Specware
SymOntos
Taxonomy Builder
TOPKAT
Visio for Enterprise
Architects
WebKB
WebODE
WebOnto

..

81

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..

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..

83



TopBraid Composer

( uml)
( google
maps )

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( web)

-
..

84


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Integrator & OntoStudio (Ontoprize)
,

(eg. Dublin Core,
RSS, PRISM, MusicBrainz)

..

85


Commonsense
Knowledge
Modeling
(e.g., CYC: 1985)

DARPA
Knowledge
Sharing
Initiative
(1985)

Linguistic
Ontologies
(e.g., Penman
Upper Model
1985)

OntoLingua
KIF

OpenCyc
(2002)

MT: Pangloss
SENSUS
(1995)

DARPA
HPKB
SemanticWeb
(2001-2002)
RDF
DAML+OIL

Lexical Resources
(e.g., WordNet)

ANSI Ad Hoc
Standards
Group (1997)

EuroWordNet

John A.
Bateman

IEEE SUO Group

(2001-2002)
Extended KIF
Common Logic
..

86

:
,

(University of Maryland)

(University of
Massachusetts)

-,

(Institute for Cognitive

Sciences and Technology
Trento-Roma, Italy )

(University of Innsbruck,
Austria)

Semantic Web

,

(Osaka University)

,

(Open University, UK)
..
87

 - 1
(Nicola Guarino)
The group leader of Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA)
Institute for Cognitive Sciences and Technology Trento-Roma, Italy
:
editor-in-chief (with Mark Musen) of the Journal of Applied Ontology
associate editor of the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies and the Journal of
Data Semantics
general chair of the FOIS (Formal Ontology in Information Systems) conference series

:
ontological foundations of knowledge engineering
conceptual modeling
Computer Science, Philosophy, and Linguistics
:
ALgebraic Tools IN Formal Ontology
ILIKS: Interdisciplinary Laboratory on Interacting Knowledge Systems
MOSTRO, Modeling Security and Trust Relationships within Organizations
NEtworked ONtologies - Shaping the future infrastructure for semantic applications Tecnologie
Orientate alla Conoscenza per Aggregazioni di Imprese su InTernet - Knowledge-based
technologies of enterprise integration
..
88

[http://www.loa-cnr.it/]

 - 2

(Tom Gruber)

Founder and Chief Technology Officer, Intraspect Software (developing

intelligent networked software to support human collaboration and
learning)
:
Ph.D., Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts, September, 1988.
M.S., Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts, February, 1984.
B.S., Psychology and Computer Science, Loyola University, New Orleans, May, 1981.
:
knowledge acquisition
knowledge representation
computer-supported collaborative work
computer-mediated communication for design
knowledge sharing technology
:
Social Knowledge Sharing - RealTravel
Collaborative Knowledge Management
Ontologies, Ontolingua, and the Knowledge Sharing stack
Hypermail
Virtual Documents
Knowledge Acquisition
..
Knowledge-based Communication Prosthesis

89
[http://tomgruber.org]

 - 3

(Marc Eisenstadt)
Professor of the The

:
Washington University, B.A. in Psychology, June, 1970
University of California at San Diego, Ph.D. in Psychology, December, 1974
1986 - present: Professor of Artificial Intelligence, The Open University
:
human-computer interaction
automatic debugging
human problem solving
knowledge engineering
knowledge acquisition
advanced AI programming environments
remote telepresence
knowledge media
distance learning
:
BuddySpace
Meeting Agents
MKSchools.Net
AI Tools: Novice/Expert Programming Environments
Knowledge Web book & site
Psychology of Programming
..
90
KMi Stadium and Virtual Classrooms

[http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/marc/cv/]

 - 4

(James A. Hendler )
professor at the University of Maryland

:
the Director of the Joint Institute for Knowledge Discovery
holds joint appointments in the Department of Computer Science,
the Institute for Advanced Computer Studies
affiliate of the Institute for Systems Research
the Director for Semantic Web and Agent Technology at the Maryland Information and Network
Dynamics Laboratory
a Fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence
the Editor in Chief of IEEE Intelligent Systems and is on the Board of Reviewing Editors for
Science (journal).
:
Semantic Web Research
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
:
Knowledge Representation on the World-Wide Web - SHOE
Multi-modal Adventures for Group Interaction and Collaboration - MAGIC Lab
Personal Electronic Teller of Stories - PETS (collaboration with HCIL2)
Parallel Knowledge Representation
PARKA
-..

Autonomous Mobile Robotics Laboratory

- AMRL

91

 - 5

(Riichiro Mizoguchi)

Professor of the The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research

Osaka University
:
Doctor of Engineering
:
Ontological engineering and Knowledge modelling
Knowledge-based systems
Intelligent educational systems
Knowledge management
Semantic web
:
Mizoguchi Lab:
MEXT IT Program e-Science Project
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
Nanotechnology Materials Program
JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
[http://www.ei.sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp/members/miz/overview.html]
..

92

 - 6

(Dieter Fensel)

Director of the DERI Innsbruck research institute at the at the University

of Innsbruck, Austria
:
Director of the DERI Innsbruck research institute at the
University of Innsbruck, Austria
Scientific director of the Digital Enterprise Research Institute Ireland
(DERI) at the National University of Ireland, Galway based on a part-time professorship in Galway
Full professor at the Institute of Computer Science at the University of Innsbruck, Austria
:
Semantic Web Technology
Web Service Technology
Intelligent Web Services

:
MUSING: Multi-Industry, Semantic-based Next Generation Business Intelligence (2006-2009)
SUPER: Semantics Utilised for Process Management within and between Enterprises (20062009)
SALERO: Semantic Audiovisual Entertainment Reusable Objects (2006-2009)
Asia-Link Eastweb: Building an integrated leading Euro-Asian higher education and research
community in the field Semantic Web (2006-2009)
TripCom: Triple Space Computing
(2006-2008)

..
93

: http://www.fensel.com/#research-1
[http://www.fensel.com]

USA
Stanford:Natalya Noy & Mark Musen
University of Maryland:Jim Hendler &
Tim Finin
Nokia Research Center Cambridge: Ora
Lassila

UK

University of Manchester: Ian Horrocks

University of Amsterdam: Bob Wielinga
Knowledge Media Institute, The Open
University: Enrico Motta & John
Domingue

IRELAND
National University of Ireland, Galway:
Stefan Decker

GERMANY
University of Koblenz: Steffen Staab
Universitt Karlsruhe: Alexander Maedche,
York Sure
University of Mannheim: Heiner
Stuckenschmidt
Hannover, KBS Institute: Wolfgang Nejdl
FRANCE
INRIA Rhne-Alpes, Grenoble, France Jerome
Euzenat
ITALY
Rome Researct Centre, Laboratory for Applied
Ontology :Aldo Gangemi
NETHERLANDS
Free University Amsterdam: Guus Schreiber &
Frank Harmelen

..

94



Foundational Issues

Kinds of entity: particulars vs. universals, continuants vs. occurrents, abstracta vs. concreta, dependent vs. independent,
natural vs. artificial
Formal relations: parthood, identity, connection, dependence, constitution, subsumption, instantiation
Vagueness and granularity
Formal comparison among ontologies
Ontology of physical reality (matter, space, time, motion, ...), biological reality (genes, proteins, cells, organisms, ...) ,
mental reality (mental attitudes, emotions, ...),Ontology of social reality (institutions, organizations, norms, social
relationships, artistic expressions, ...), information society (information, communication, meaning negotiation, ...)
Ontology and natural language semantics, ontology and cognition, ontology and epistemology, semiotics

Methodologies and Applications

Top-level vs. application ontologies

Role of reference ontologies; Ontology integration and alignment
Ontology-driven information systems design
Requirements engineering
Knowledge engineering
Knowledge management and organization
Knowledge representation; Qualitative modeling
Computational lexica; Terminology
Information retrieval; Question-answering
Semantic web; Web services; Grid computing
Domain-specific ontologies, especially for: Linguistics, Geography, Law, Library science, Biomedical science, Ebusiness, Enterprise integration,
..

95

-,


-

B2C

Daimler Chrysler

)


-

..

96

5.

..

97


:
Ontologies will play a major role in supporting information exchange
processes in various areas. They will enable the semantic web which
provides on-line access to large volumes of information and knowledge
based on machine-processable semantics of data.
In consequence, there is a large interest in these topics from various sites.
Different research communities develop their subject into this direction;
many commercial agents encounter the economical potential of the topic and
many funding agencies are willing to provide significant support for its
development. Still the different communities are scattered and have not yet
found enough interactions to fully employ the potential of this new
technology.

http://ontoweb.org

It is the delighted goal of the OntoWeb network to bypass communication

bottlenecks between these various and heterogeneous interest groups.
As first steps into this direction, we set up
a homepage (url),
a mailing list (url), and
organized an European workshop coordinating projects proposals for the
next open calls of the European Union IST funding.
OntoWeb finished on May 13, 2004.
..

98

 :
(1)
: 1.1.2004, : 36 months

SEKT (Semantically-enabled
Knowledge Technologies)
http://www.sekt-project.org/

:
Next
Generation Knowledge Management (NGKM).
Ontology & Metadata
Technology (OMT),
Human Language Technology (HLT),
Knowledge Discovery
(KD)
- ( a
uniform and scalable framework that supports
the integrated learning and management of
ontologies and metadata in a (semi-) automatic
way).

..

99

 :
(2)
Knowledge Web (KW) 4-
,
2004 .


(Academia)

(Industry).

..

100

 :
(2)
Knowledge Web
-

The Fourth Summer
School on Ontological
Engineering and the
Semantic Web
(SSSW'06)

..

101

www.neon-project.org

NeOn 14
6-o .
2006.



,

.
SWAN: Semantic Web Annotator
On-To-Knowledge Content-driven
Knowledge-Management through Evolving
Ontologies
..

102

Cyc method
Uschold & King method
Gruninger & Foxs methodology
METHONTOLOGY
SENSUS method
On-To-Knowledge
DILIGENT

.

.
..

103
Asuncion Gomez-Perez


International Conference on Formal Ontology in
Information Systems FOIS
European Semantic Web Conference ESWC
International Conference on Ontologies,
Databases and Applications of SEmantics
ODBASE
UpperOntologySummit
Formal Ontologies for Communicating Agents
International Conference on
Knowledge Sharing And Collaborative
Engineering KSCE
Int. Protg Conference
..

104

Apollo URL: http://apollo.open.ac.uk

CODE4 URL: http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~doug/CODE4.html
CO4 URL: http://co4.inrialpes.fr/
DUET (DAML UML Enhanced Tool) URL:
http://grcinet.grci.com/maria/www/CodipSite/Tools/Tools.html
GKB-Editor URL: http://www.ai.sri.com/~gkb/
IKARUS URL: http://www.csi.uottawa.ca/~kavanagh/Ikarus/IkarusInfo.html
JOE (Java Ontology Editor) URL: http://www.engr.sc.edu/research/CIT/demos/java/joe/
OilEd URL: http://img.cs.man.ac.uk/oil/
OntoEdit URL: http://ontoserver .aifb.uni- karlsruhe.de/ontoedit /
Ontolingua URL: http://www-ksl-svc.stanford.edu:5915/
Ontological Constraints Manager (OCM) URL: http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~yk1/rp956.ps
Ontology Editor by Steffen Schulze -Kremer URL: http://igd.rz-berlin.mpg.de/~www/prolog/oe.html
OntoSaurus URL: http://www.isi.edu/isd/ontosaurus.html
Protg-OWL URL: http://protege.stanford.edu
SWOOP URL: http://www.mindswap.org
TopBraid Composer URL: http://www.topbraidcomposer.org
WebODE URL: http://delicias.dia.fi.upm.es/webODE/index.html
WebOnto URL: http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/webonto/
..

105

, ,

..

106

(,
)

Name

..

107


-

( Collaborative Knowledge
Management) :

(social tagging systems),

( wikis),
( blogs), etc.
.. (ontologists) 108