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POST BIOS
...
POST
Award BIOS Medallion V 6.0
POST AMI BIOS 8 V1.4
POST
Phoenix BIOS V 4.0.6
POST Award BIOS V 4.51PG
POST AMI BIOS 8 V 1.0
POST Phoenix BIOS V 4.0
, POST BIOS,
. , ,
,
.
BIOS
, ,
Web
.
POST Award
BIOS Medallion V 6.0
. 8.1 POST
Award BIOS Medallion V 6.0
. 1999
, , , ,
(Early),
271
POST- (hex)
POST Flash BIOS
CF
. CMOS.
/ CMOS.
CMOS ,
POST
C0
.
, L2.
L1.
.
: IRQ, Master Controller IRQ
00h=INT 8...IRQ 7=INT 0Fh, Slave Controller IRQ 8=INT 70h...IRQ 15=INT 77h.
.
: Counter 0 65 536 (18,2
) IRQ 0 . Counter 1
DRAM (128 2
15 ). Counter
2 .
RTC ,
. Vcc (bat) ,
, RTC ,
C1
, , ECC . 256 .
, Flash BIOS
Boot Block
0C
BIOS BBSS. ,
Flash BIOS.
, BIOS
C3
BIOS ,
BIOS. BIOS
C5
POST E000h-F000h .
Boot Block.
POST .
BIOS.
BIOS , ,
BIOS
1000:0000h BIOS
XGROUP, ,
, ,
03
Super I/O,
CFh C0h
05
.
CMOS,
07
(
8042 8742). Super I/O
. , .
8. POST BIOS
271
. 8.1
POST- (hex)
- 8742
, ,
BIOS, . Setup BIOS
POST
08
PS/2.
(PS/2 AT/DIN).
.
0A
PS/2- .
, PS/2-
,
0E
F000h .
DMI ESCD. ,
EFh 0080h
EF
F000h ,
POST
10
Flash BIOS.
BIOS ,
Read Intelligent Identifier.
ESCD DMI,
,
Plug and Play DMI.
BIOS, ,
Run-time area (F000h).
12
CMOS. RTC .
CMOS
. ,
14
.
, .
, MODBIN.
PCI
16
18
: , ,
, L1 L2, SMI.
CPUID (
).
, .
128- ,
EAX+EBX+ECX+EDX.
AL
1B
( 1 024 , 256
). 32 (INT 00hINT 1Fh), BIOS.
, Y2K
1C
CMOS
.
,
272
III.
273
. 8.1
POST- (hex)
- 8742
, ,
BIOS, . Setup BIOS
POST
1D
Power Management
1F
XGROUP .
,
<Fn>
21
23
.
40 80,
-.
.
BIOS,
Plug and Play, PCI
24
Intel P6 P7
,
.
,
, .
.
CPUID
(Type), (Family), (Model)
(Stepping).
, BIOS,
2 048 , SM RAM.
.
Intel .
.
Plug and Play. ,
Plug and Play,
CMOS, BIOS,
, , ESCD.
ESCD POST
25
PCI. .
.
, BIOS
C000:0h ( CS: IP)
26
, Vendor Identification.
.
DIMM PCI.
,
8. POST BIOS
273
. 8.1
POST- (hex)
- 8742
, ,
BIOS, . Setup BIOS
POST
27
INT 09h.
( ,
).
BIOS 16-
29
MTRR 6,
APIC Pentium.
(, IDE)
CMOS.
.
BIOS
2D
.
( Award,
)
33
Super I/O
3E
1 (
8259)
40
2 (
8259)
43
( 8259)
49
64 .
, AMD
4E
MTRR Syrix.
L2 P6, APIC P6
50
USB
52
55
57
59
Trend Anti-Virus
5B
-
BIOS AWDFLASH.EXE
5D
Super I/O
60
, Setup.
POST
65
PS/2
67
,
: INT 15h ( AX=E820h)
274
III.
275
. 8.1
POST- (hex)
- 8742
, ,
BIOS, . Setup BIOS
POST
69
L2
6B
,
Setup
6D
6F
-.
-
73
BIOS AWDFLASH.EXE,
- <Alt+F2>
75
77
7A
7F
.
EPA .
, ,
.
<F1>, POST
.
EPA
.
,
, ,
82
.
ESCD ,
.
EPA .
, CMOS
83
CMOS
84
85
USB.
SCSI
87
.
SYSID DNI System
Management BIOS.
UUID (Universal
Unique ID), Fire Wire IEEE 1394
8. POST BIOS
275
. 8.1
POST- (hex)
.
,
, ,
89
Setup ACPI,
4
8B
PCI BIOS,
AOL (Alert On LAN). AOL
8D
NMI.
8F
91
Power
Management. (Suspend to RAM)
.
BIOS,
, BIOS
93
94
Setup , L2.
Boot Up Speed.
.
BIOS,
.
AMD K6.
Intel P6.
Remote Pre Boot
95
/ Daylight Saving.
.
KBD ID.
101- NumLock
CMOS
96
.
,
,
.
Cyrix.
ESCD
Power Management Plug and Play ATAPI.
CMOS Y2K.
DOS Time RTC
CMOS. ::
( )
18,2 BIOS DOS Time.
276
III.
277
. 8.1
POST- (hex)
.
,
, ,
Trend Anti-Virus
Paragon Anti-Virus Protection.
L1.
POST.
MSIRQ.
FF
- BOOT.
BIOS INT 19h.
( BIOS Features
Set Up Setup)
. : 0, : 0, :
1 07C0:0000h, FAR JMP
,
.
Map)
8. POST BIOS
277
POST- (hex)
Protected Mode
B1
NMI
B2
NMI
+12
66
D0
D1
D2
ACPI
D3
SMI
D7
APM
D8
APM
D9
ECC
ED
EF
F000h
POST (. 8.1).
.
POST
278
III.
279
BIOS ,
. POST,
.
. 8.1.
AMI BIOS
2Ah
.
38h
IPL.
39h
.
95h
, BIOS.
DEh .
DFh .
, DIM, 80h
.
, , ,
POST
. .
, .
.
[0000]
.
[0001]
.
[0010]
.
[0011]
.
[0100]
(IPL) .
[0101]
.
[0110]
.
[0111]
, BIOS ( ).
[1000]
(DIM).
[0001]
.
[0010]
ISA.
[0011]
EISA.
8. POST BIOS
279
[0100]
PCI.
[0110]
PCMCIA.
[0111]
MCA.
, ,
DEh, DFh
, .
00
.
01
DIMM .
02
DIMM .
04
DIMM .
05
ACPI
, ACPI
,
ACPI Runtime Checkpoints. , . 8.3, ,
.
8.3. ACPI
(hex)
AC
ACPI
,
ACPI
AA
C2, APIC
DIMM
, ,
.
8.4.
(hex)
D1
.
Super I/O, CMOS, .
NMI
D1
BAT- .
CPUID CMOS
280
III.
281
. 8.4
(hex)
D0
,
4 , GA20 (Gate A20).
D2
D3
, DRAM ,
Bootblock.
D4
512 , 8 ,
D5
D6
OEM
Flash BIOS.
BIOS. BIOS,
E0h
D7
CPUID .
Bootblock Runtime
D8
Runtime .
CPUID
D9
BIOS .
BIOS
1 (E000h-F000h)
DA
CPUID .
POST (Execute POST Kernel)
AMI BIOS ,
, BIOS.
BIOS
BIOS Recovery.
.
. ,
BIOS.
Flash BIOS.
. 8.5 ,
.
8.5.
(hex)
E0
Super I/O -.
.
. L1
8. POST BIOS
281
. 8.5
(hex)
E9
- .
-
EA
ATAPI.
ATAPI CD-ROM
EB
ATAPI ,
E9h
EF
, EBh
F0
F1
F2
FAT ,
F3
F5
L1
FA
Flash BIOS
FB
F4
FC
Flash BIOS
FD
Flash BIOS
FF
Flash BIOS .
Flash ROM.
ATAPI.
CPUID.
Flash BIOS F000h F000:FFF0h
: , NMI,
.
BIOS POST
04
282
CMOS.
,
.
.
Setup,
( 8259)
III.
283
. 8.6
(hex)
05
IRQ
,
06
/ ,
POST INT 1Ch.
IRQ 0
08
.
BAT- ,
C0
.
,
APIC
C1
C2
POST
C5
C6
C7
0A
( 8742)
0B
PS/2
0C
0E
.
.
INT 09h. IRQ 1.
, BIOS
Silent
13
24
BIOS-
30
2A
DIM
(Device Initialization Manager)
2C
.
,
BIOS
2E
31
ADM .
ADM .
.
ADM
33
37
, ,
OEM
()
8. POST BIOS
283
. 8.6
(hex)
38
DIM
39
3A
/ RTC
3B
, .
<Del> <Esc>,
.
3C
40
, .
BDA, EBDA ..
50
,
,
52
CMOS .
EBDA
60
<Num Lock>
75
78
7A
BIOS
7C
ESCD
84
, POST
85
87
Setup BIOS,
8C
8D
ACPI, ACPI
8E
.
NMI ( )
90
POST SMI
A0
( )
A1
A2
BIOS,
.
F000h 0FFh.
Microsoft IRQ Routing Table.
.
( )
A4
284
III.
285
. 8.6
(hex)
A7
,
MTRR
A8
MTRR,
A9
(
)
POST INT 1Ch, INT 09h.
AA
ADM
AB
AC
B1
ACPI
00
INT 19h
.
2Ch 2Eh)
, ,
.
, POST,
.
POST
.
. , ,
,
2Eh=00 10 11 10 (. . 8.7), 1
3
4
3.
. 8.7 POST
Phoenix BIOS V 4.0.6.
8.7. POST- Phoenix BIOS V 4.0.6
POST-
(hex)/Code Beep
02
03
NMI
04
06
8. POST BIOS
285
. 8.7
POST-
(hex)/Code Beep
07
BIOS
08
09
IN POST
0A
0B
0C
0E
0F
IDE
10
(Power Management)
11
POST
12
13
14
16/1-2-2-3
Flash BIOS ( ,
)
17
18
( 8254)
1A
( 8237)
1C
20/1-3-1-1
DRAM ( ,
)
22/1-3-1-3
( 8742) (
, )
24
ES 4
28
29
2A
512
2C/1-3-4-1
512 .
() ,
.
, , , 2C 1020
0001 0000 0010 0000, ..
2E/1-3-4-3
512 .
() ,
2F
BIOS.
30/1-4-1-1
512
32
33
36
286
III.
287
. 8.7
POST-
(hex)/Code Beep
38
BIOS
3A
3C
3D
POST
41
ROM Pilot
42
45
46/2-1-2-3
( ,
)
47
I20
48
CMOS
49
PCI
4A
4B
QuietBoot ()
4C
BIOS
4E
BIOS
4F
MultiBoot
50
51
EISA
52
54
( )
55
USB
58/2-2-3-1
( )
59
POST
5A
5B
5C
512 640
60
62
64
(UserPatch 1)
66
67
APIC
68
69
6A
L2
6B
()
6C
6E
UMB (Upper Memory Block)
70
8. POST BIOS
287
. 8.7
POST-
(hex)/Code Beep
72
76
7C
7D
7E
80
81
82
83
IDE-
84
85
86
87
88
BIOS
89
NMI
8A
BIOS
8B
PS/2
8C
8F
()
90
91
92
(UserPatch 2)
93
MPTABLE
95
CD-ROM
96
ES
97
98/1-2
BIOS. ,
99
SMART- ()
9A
BIOS
9C
(Power Management)
9D
()
9E
9F
ATA- SCSI-
A0
RTC
A2
A4
A8
<F2>
288
III.
289
. 8.7
POST-
(hex)/Code Beep
AA
<F2>
AC
Setup
AE
Boot
B0
B1
RomPilot POST
B2
POST ,
B4/1
POST
B5
QuietBoot ()
B6
()
B7
BIOS ACPI
B9
BA
SMBIOS
BB
BC
BD
MultiBoot
BE
()
BF
C0
INT 19h
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
note dock ()
C7
note dock
C8
()
C9
()
CA
INT 15h
CB
INT 13h,
ROM, RAM, PCMCIA,
CC
CD
- PCMCIA
CE
8. POST BIOS
289
. 8.7
POST-
(hex)/Code Beep
D0
(Exception Error)
D2
D4
D6
D7
Video RAM
D8
DA
DC
DD
DE
DF
Gate A20
Flash BIOS
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
BIOS
E7
BIOS
E8
Huge Segment
E9
Multi Processor
EA
(OEM code)
EB
EC
ED
EE
BIOS
EF
F0
F1
F2
F3
SMM
F4/1
F5
Huge Segment
290
III.
291
. 8.7
POST-
(hex)/Code Beep
F6
Mini DOS
F7
Full DOS
.
I 2 0 (Intellectual Input/Output) ,
,
.
( -)
. BIOS PCI
.
SDVS (Serial Digital Video Service) , SDI
NTSC
(525 , 60 ) 270 /. SDI (Serial Digital Interface)
serial
video ( ). ,
( ) .
Phoenix BIOS
Phoenix QuietBoot
.
,
.
.
<Esc>
POST.
<F2>
Setup POST.
<F1>
.
, BIOS
.
POST ,
POST .
: Press <F1> to resume ( <F1> ), <F2> to Setup
( <F2> Setup).
Phoenix MultiBoot
. ,
CD
ROM.
Setup ( The Setup Boot Menu),
POST
8. POST BIOS
291
POST Award
BIOS V 4.51PG
, POST Award BIOS
, ,
.
. 8.8 Award BIOS V 4.51PG.
8.8. POST Award BIOS V 4.51PG
Flash BIOS
CMOS
CMOS ,
CPU at nnn
() Setup
() .
BIOS .
,
CD-ROM
- ,
BIOS.
Setup
EISA.
EISA
IDE .
,
Setup
.
, ,
Setup,
- .
- , Diskette Drive
Setup NONE
- .
- , Diskette Drive
Setup NONE AUTO
.
, Hard Drive
Setup NONE
292
III.
293
. 8.8
.
POST
POST.
Memory test:
. POST
.
EISA
, ISA
Setup
I/O
channel check RAM parity error ,
, ,
Offending segment:
I/O
channel check RAM parity error ,
, ,
,
, CMOS.
BIOS
.
.
, . ,
BIOS
NMI,
<F1>
<F2> NMI
POST-
Phoenix Technologies Award BIOS
. <Tab>
POST-
8. POST BIOS
293
. 8.8
<Esc>
POST IDE
POST IDE
Phoenix Technologies
.
,
( save-to-disk). <Tab>
POST IDE
EISA
, BIOS.
EISA, ,
.
EISA
.
<Ctrl+Alt+Del>
EISA ,
,
POST AMI BIOS 8 V 1.0
. 8.9 AMI BIOS 8 V 1.0.
8.9. AMI BIOS 8 V 1.0
Gate20 error
BIOS Gate
A20
,
,
Parity error
294
III.
295
. 8.9
Boot failure...
, BIOS
.
,
, -,
BIOS ,
. ,
A: drive error
BIOS :
POST, ,
B: drive error
BIOS :
POST, ,
BIOS :,
BIOS
/
No ROM BASIC
,
BIOS
Primary master hard disk error
POST BIOS ,
IDE/ATAPI,
POST BIOS ,
IDE/ATAPI,
POST BIOS ,
IDE/ATAPI,
ATAPI
IDE/ATAPI,
. , BIOS
IDE/ATAPI
POST
ATAPI
IDE/ATAPI, .
, BIOS
IDE/ATAPI POST
8. POST BIOS
295
. 8.9
Secondary master drive
ATAPI incompatible
ATAPI
IDE/ATAPI, .
, BIOS
IDE/ATAPI POST
ATAPI
IDE/ATAPI, .
, BIOS
IDE/ATAPI POST
S. M. A. R. T. capable but
command failed
BIOS S. M. A. R. T.- ,
.
IDE/ATAPI, ,
S. M. A. R. T. command failed
BIOS S. M. A. R. T.- ,
.
IDE/ATAPI, ,
S. M. A. R. T. status BAD,
backup and replace
S. M. A. R. T.
, ,
.
IDE/ATAPI,
,
S. M. A. R. T. capable and
status BAD
S. M. A. R. T.
, ,
.
IDE/ATAPI,
,
BootSector write!!
BIOS
.
.
, Setup BIOS Virus Detection
BIOS ,
.
, Setup BIOS
Virus Detection
DMA-2 error
,
,
,
POST.
296
III.
297
. 8.9
Microcode error
BIOS
(CPU Microcode Update).
Intel P6 , ,
NVRAM
.
, POST
NVRAM
Resource conflict
,
( )
NVRAM ignored
NVRAM bad
PCI- BIOS
POST
PCI- BIOS
POST
PCI- BIOS
POST
POST (DIM-)
PCI-, IRQ
. ,
PCI
Timer error
2
( 8254) ,
POST BIOS
,
POST BIOS
,
RTC .
Setup
CMOS
. ,
,
CMOS , Setup
CMOS. CMOS BIOS
CMOS
8. POST BIOS
297
. 8.9
Keyboard error
Keyboard/interface error
System halted
. .
POST Phoenix BIOS V 4.0
Phoenix BIOS
POST. ,
, Setup.
. . 8.10
( POST
) Phoenix BIOS V 4.0.
8.10. Phoenix BIOS V 4.0
(hex)
0200
.
,
, .
Setup
0210
Stuck key
0211
Keyboard error
0212
Keyboard controller
failed
0213
Keyboard locked
unlock key switch
0220
298
III.
299
. 8.10
(hex)
0230
0231
0232
0250
System battery is
dead replace
and run SETUP
CMOS.
Setup
0251
System CMOS
checksum bad
default
configuration used
,
.
, , CMOS.
BIOS CMOS .
, Setup .
0260
0270
0271
BIOS ,
, RTC.
(1991-2099)
0280
Previous boot
incomplete
default
configuration used
POST
. POST
Setup.
,
.
POST. Setup
,
0281
, BIOS, ,
CMOS
02B0
Diskette drive A
error
- : , ,
POST :
02B1
Diskette drive B
error
- : , ,
POST :
02B2
Incorrect drive A
type run SETUP
:.
Setup
02B3
Incorrect drive B
type run SETUP
:.
Setup
02D0
System cache
error cache
disabled
- BIOS .
.
02F0
CPU ID:
02F4
, Server BIOS 2.
EISA CMOS
64
. nnnn
8. POST BIOS
299
. 8.10
(hex)
, Server BIOS 2.
02F5
02F6
02F7
, Server BIOS 2.
Device address
conflict
ISA EISA
device
CD ROM drive
CD-ROM
Setup
nnnn
, .
.
230, 231 232,
,
Fixed disk n
n (0-3)
Invalid system
configuration data
CMOS/NVRAM
IRQ
PS/2
nnnn kB extended
RAM passed
nnnn
nnnn
nnnn kB shadow
RAM passed
nnnn
nnnn kB system
RAM passed
nnnn
:
:. Setup
300
III.
301
. 8.10
(hex)
PS/2
(, SAC) I20
System BIOS
shadowed
BIOS
nnnn
,
Upper Memory Blocks.
BIOS
Video BIOS
shadowed
BIOS
1. POST:
) Setup;
) BOOT;
) .
2. POST Award BIOS:
) ;
) ;
) Setup.
3. :
) ;
) ;
) .
4. POST
:
) RTC CMOS RAM;
) ;
) CMOS.
8. POST BIOS
301
5. POST
BIOS :
) AMI BIOS 8 V 4;
) Award BIOS V 6.0;
) Phoenix BIOS V 4.0.6.
6. AMI BIOS
BIOS:
) DIM;
) Bootblock;
) Bootblock Recovery.
7. POST
Phoenix BIOS V 4.0.6 1
3
1
1:
) DRAM 20h;
) 14h;
) 18h.
8.
302
III.