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: 641
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2008 .
I.
1.
2.
3.
5
6
7
II.
1.
2.
3. ,
CAE/CAD/CAM-
4. CALS-
5.
III.
1.
2.
9
11
13
15
16
18
22
IV. -
.
1.
26
2.
30
39
40
.
-, ,
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Unix, Windows 2000/XP, , ++, Java
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(Concurrent Art-to-Product Enviroment). - Concurrent
Engineering,
, , ,
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2.
CAD computer Aided Design ()
5
.
. (,3D).
.
CAD. CAD CAM CAE.
CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing.
,
.
,
CAD.
CAE Computer Aided Engineering.
.
,
( )
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PDM Product Data Management.
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CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM =
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9. .
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II.
1. .
, (. 1.1).
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1.1.
.
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( ) .
(PDM Product Data
Management), (DesPM Design Process
Management), ,
CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering)
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2.
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MCAD (Mechanical CAD)
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2. . ECAD (Electronic CAD)
EDA (Electronic Design Automation) .
3. .
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(); ;
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,
() . , MCAD
CAE/CAD/CAM :
1. , - CAE
(Computer Aided Engineering).
2. -,
CAD
;
11
3. -,
CA (Computer Aided Manufacturing).
-
() , ,
()
; ;
(software), (hardware)
.
.
1.
. ,
, ..
.
.
,
, Parasolid EDS
Unigraphics ACIS Intergraph.
2. . ,
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,
.
3. .
- , ,
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.. CAE.
VHDL,
MathCAD.
4. () ,
.
CAE/CAD/CAM- . ,
,
, , ,
.
.
3. ,
CAE/CAD/CAM-.
CAD-
(2D) (3D) . 2D
12
, ; 3D
, ,
, 2D 3D .
CAD- .
2D ,
.
(3D), ,
,
.
CAM-: ,
(), ,
,
(NC Numerical Control), .
( 1999 .) CAE/CAD/CAM-,
. (
, ): Unigraphics (EDS
Unigraphics); Solid Edge (Intergraph); Pro/Engineer (PTC Parametric Technology
Corp.), CATIA (Dassault Systemes), EUCLID (Matra Datavision), CADDS.5
(Computervision, PTC) .
: AutoCAD (Autodesk); ; bCAD ( ,
); Caddy (Ziegler Informatics);
(, .); (Sprut Technology, );
( , ).
, ():
Cimatron, Microstation (Bentley), Euclid Prelude (Matra Datavision), T-FlexCAD (
, ) . C
CAD/CAM- .
CA- ,
, ,
. CAE-
:
,
, ;
;
.
: Nastrn, Ansys, Cosmos, Nisa, Moldflow.
:
Adams Dyna , Spice , 9
, .. ,
.
13
,
. CASE, .
.
-
CAS.CADE EUCLID, , TFlex CAD 3D Visual C++
Visual Basic.
,
() ,
. , , ,
CAE, CAD CAM-.
IGES, DXF, Express ( ISO 10303-11,
STEP), SAT ( ACIS) .
Express,
STEP,
,
. ,
, IGES DXF, ,
.
Express
CAD/CAM-. , CAD++ STEP
SDAI (Standard Data Access Interface),
CAD (
Express). CAD++ STEP
STEP-.
, .
, , , ,
, , , ,
..
4. CALS-
CALS-
,
.
,
,
, , . CALS ,
,
14
5.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
, , ..
,
Intergraph.
TechnoDOCS (
). :
( AutoCAD, Microstation ,
Windows- DDE
OLE, Microsoft);
15
;
,
;
, ..
, .
, CALS. CALS-
STEP, Parts Library, Mandate, SGML (Standard Generalized
Markup Language), EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange For Administration,
Commerse, Transport) . SGML
, , .., EDIFACT
.
CALS-
Computervision. EPD (Electronic Product
Definition)
.
CALS-
, . ,
CALS
.
EPD :
CAD ;
CAM
();
CAE ;
CAPE (Concurrent Art-to-Product Environoment)
(oncurrent ngineering);
PDM ,
( DBMS
Data Base Management System);
3D Viewer - ;
CADD ;
CASE
;
.
EPD CAD PDM,
CADDS5 Optegra .
EPD Optegra.
,
. Optegra
,
P
Y? ..
16
Optegra
3D Viewer.
:
, ,
, , , Internet,
, ;
, .
Dj ( ),
;
3D ,
,
Dj;
,
,
.
Optegra
STEP, SDAI.
III. .
1.
(hardware),
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,
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:
1. ,
;
2. ,
;
3. ,
.
,
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-
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(. 2.1). (
) ,
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17
2.1.
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( TDM
Time Division Method),
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(WAN Wide Area Network).
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Internet.
Internet
, .
, CALS-,
, , Internet.
19
. 2.3.
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20
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(, PCI
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(workstation)
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Windows). , ,
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22
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Enterprise 450 82 95 .
2.2. .
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1200 4800 (
dpi).
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, TIFF, GIF, PCX, JPEG,
, , DXF.
23
.
(3, 4),
.
(..
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.
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.
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300 dpi,
1200 dpi.
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1 2 7
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IV. .
1.
24
.
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, ICMP SNMP TCP/IP
CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol) ISO.
25
, .
, .
, ,
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(),
,
..
, (Ethernet, TR, AppleTalk .).
.
(. 5.1).
. 3.1.
.
. , .
( )
, .
,
,
().
.
(Middleware).
Internet/Intranet
,
- .
(rossware).
RPC
(Remote Procedure Call), ORB (Object Request Broker), DCE (Distributed Computing
Environment), (ransaction rocessing onitors) .
RPC . RPC
, Sun
Microsystems. .
26
TCP UDP
.
, , ,
.
,
RPC IDL (Interface Definition Language),
.
.
RPC.
: ,
(
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RPC Postmapper,
-. ,
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Postmapper
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.
RB - ,
CORBA. CORBA
( )
.
- () ORB. ORB (
RPC) -
, ORB.
(, , ..)
. ,
.
,
.
IDL, CORBA. IDL
RPC, ,
.
ORB ,
: ,
,
.
27
28
,
Framework (FW), 70...80- ..
, , ,
,
.
Framework
1980 . Cadence
. Cadence, Frameworks
(Mentor
Graphics, IBM, DEC, Sun Microsystems .),
CFI (CAD Framework Initiative).
, Falcon Framework Mentor Graphics, Design
Framework-2 Cadence JCF (Jessy-Common Framework)
ESPRIT.
, ,
,
CALS- .
.
,
, ,
()
.
,
CAPE (Concurrent Art-to-Product
Environment), ,
, .
Design Manager Euclid, UG/Manager Unigraphics.
.
, .
(workflow)
. , ,
, ,
.
. ,
. ,
.
.
. ,
(, -),
29
(, -), ,
,
,
.. ,
.
PDM ( Product Data Manager),
EDM (Enterprise Data Manager). PDM
:
,
, , ,
;
, .. ,
;
;
;
( ,
).
PDM ().
().
. PDM
, , ,
, .
, PDM
.
. ,
, ,
, / () .
-
.
.
, ODBC
- (CBD
Component-Based Development) .
TES (Tool Encapsultion Specification), CFI.
TES
.
.
30
Window System Open Look.
CASE
, .
,
, , ,
. ,
CASE-
.
ASE-
.
CASE-, ,
,
, , ,
.. , CASE-
.
, Microstation ( Bentley Systems)
Microstation Basic MDL (Microstation Development
Language) c . MDL ,
. Microstation Basic
MS Visual Basic, , ,
, .
( Sprut Technologies)
.
, 2D 3D , ,
, ,
, .
.
,
.
: 1)
( ); 2)
- ; 3)
; 4)
.
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31
( ),
(checkpoints) ..
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(, ,
),
() .
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1. ,
(), .
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2. ,
(,
).
3.
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32
, () . ,
( ),
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(), .
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IDEF1X.
, -, ,
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.
.
(pure ODBMS),
-.
- : -
.
SQL.
.
, SQL-.
:
( , , ,
, ,
), ( ,
),
( SQL),
, .
DesPM.
PDM.
PDM
.
().
(
Bill of materials BOM),
( , 3D ,
- , ),
,
.
PDM
.
33
Data Warehouse (DW), .. .
,
: 1)
, ; 2)
; 3)
,
(, - ).
, , ,
, ,
, ,
( ). DW
(RM): RM
,
, ,
, DW, . DW
,
(Fact Table)
. DW
(data cleaning),
, ,
,
,
(Data Mart)
.
.
CAPE, DesPM (Design
Process Manager). DesPM :
,
,
; ( ),
;
; . DesPM
, ,
.
DesPM ,
: ,
, ,
. DesPM
.
DesPM
.
34
. ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
. ,
CASE-, , ,
. ,
.
4GL. Ulyses
, , . ,
,
.
, .
,
() .
,
. , -,
( , ,
-)
, ; , ; -,
.
, , , ,
..
, .
,
, , DSS (Decision Support Systems).
OLAP- (On-Line
Analytical Processing).
: ,
,
, ,
..
35
OLAP- ,
(
). OLAP-
, , ,
. .
OLAP-, ,
,
.
.
( )
PDM .
PDM Design Manager Euclid Quantum.
PDM , ,
, ,
.
NELSIS CAD Framework : 1) DMS (Design
Management Services) ,
; 2) DMI (Design Management Interface)
, , DMS; 3) FUS
(Framework User Services),
.
36
.
-
,
-.
:
.
(CAD/CAM/CAE - ).
, :
;
.
,
.
, ,
, , -,
; ,
. .
37
1. : . :
9 . . .. . .: . ., 1986.
2. .. . .:,
1991 .
3. . . . . 1990 .
4. . . .
. 1986 .
5. . .
.
6. . .
. . 1985 .
7. . 10- . ... .:.
.,1990.
8. .., .. , .. .
: . . ,1987.
9. 4- :
. .:.
,1995.
10. .. . .: . ., 1997.
11. . 11 2007.
12. 23501.10187.
.
13. 23501.108-85.
.
38
14. 24.104-85.
. .
.
39