AutoCAD - 2007 2010 PDF

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2D
AutoCAD 20072010
, 2009
004.4`273
32.973.26018.2
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2D AutoCAD 20072010. . .: , 2009.
560 .: .
ISBN 9785940745112

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2007 2010.
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004.438
32.973.26018.2
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ISBN 9785940745112
. ., 2009
, , 2009
..................................................................................... 12
.......................................................................... 12
.......................................... 12
AutoCAD ......................................................................... 13
1
AutoCAD ....................................................... 14
1.1. AutoCAD ....................................................... 14
1.2. AutoCAD
................................................................................... 16
1.3. ................................................................... 23
1.4. ..................................................................... 24
1.5. .......................................................... 25
1.5.1. ........................................................... 27
1.5.2. AutoCAD ................................. 28
1.5.3. ...................................... 30
1.6. .................................... 31
2
..................................................... 35
2.1.
(Line) ...................................................................... 36
2.1.1. ...................................... 39
2.1.2. .............................................. 41
2.2.
(Offset) (Fillet) ................................................... 43
2.2.1. ............ 43
2.2.2.
(Erase) ................................................... 45
2.2.3. ............... 45
2.2.4.
(Offset) .................................................................................... 46
2.2.5.
(Fillet) ................................................................. 49
2.3.
(Extend) (Trim) ..................................... 51
2.3.1. ............................................. 52
2.3.2.
(Extend) ................................................................................... 53
2.3.3.
(Trim) ....................................................................................... 55
3
............................................... 61
3.1. .............. 60
3.1.1. .............................................. 61
3.1.2. ................................................ 63
3.2. .............................................. 64
3.2.1. ........................................................ 64
3.2.2. ................................................ 67
3.2.3. (Grid) (Snap)
.............................................................................. 70
3.3. ............................................... 73
4
......................... 75
4.1. .................................. 76
4.1.1. (Offset),
(Fillet) (Extend) .................................. 77
4.1.2.
........................................................................... 80
......................................................... 83
(Zoom Window) .. 86
.............................. 89
4.1.3.
........................................................................... 91
4.2. ...................................... 100

4.2.1. (Rectangle)
(Snap to Endpoint) ..................... 101
(Rotate)
........................................................ 107
(Arc) ................. 109
4.2.2.
(Copy) ............................................................... 112
4.2.3.
(Mirror)
(Snap to Midpoint) .................................................................... 115
4.3. ......................................................... 116

4.3.1. (Line)
(Endpoint) .................................. 117
4.3.2. (Rectangle)
(Endpoint) .................................. 118
4.3.3.
(Object Snap) .......................................... 120
4.3.4. (Copy)
(Rotate)
(Midpoint) ............................................................................... 123
5
.............. 127
5.1. (ORTHO) ?
(POLAR) .................................................................................... 128
5.1.1. (ORTHO)
(Snap to Perpendicular) ....................... 130
5.1.2. (Snap From)
(Snap to Endpoint) (ORTHO) .......... 133
5.1.3. (Temporary track
point) ..................................................................................... 136
5.1.4. ? (POLAR) ................. 139
5.2.
(Circle) ........................................................................... 142
5.2.1. (Rectangle)
(Temporary track
point) (Center) .......................................................... 144
5.2.2. (Move)
(Midpoint) ................................. 146
5.2.3. ..................................... 147
5.2.4. (Move)
(Quadrant) ................................. 150
5.2.5.
............................................................. 152
5.3. ........................................ 154

5.3.1. (Circle)
(Temporary track point),
(Intersection) (Circle) .............................. 154
5.3.2.
(Mirror)
(Midpoint) ............................................................. 157
5.3.3.
(Copy) (Temporary
track point), (Midpoint) (Center) .................. 158
5.3.4.
(Temporary track point) (Snap
From) ..................................................................................... 161
6
.......... 184
6.1. ...................... 186
6.1.1. (Layer Properties
Manager) ................................................................................ 186
6.1.2. .................................................... 192
6.1.3.
(Layer Properties Manager) ............................................. 193
6.2. ...................... 194

6.2.1.
(Layers) ....................................................................... 195
6.2.2. C
(Change to Current Layer) .......................................................... 197
6.3. .......... 199

6.3.1.
...................................................................... 199
6.3.2. (Copy
Objects to New Layer) ............................................................... 205
6.3.3. ............................................. 209
6.3.4. ................ 210
6.3.5. ....... 211
6.3.6. .................................. 218
6.3.7. ........................................... 225
5.3.5.
(Properties) ............................................................ 164
7
........................... 231
5.4. ......................................................... 166
7.1. ...................................... 232
5.4.1.
(Zoom Realtime)
(Pan Realtime) ........................................................... 166
7.1.1.
(GROUP) ................................................................................ 232
7.1.2. ..................................... 233
5.4.2. (Fillet)
(Multiply) ................................................ 169
5.4.3. (Ellipse)
........................ 173
5.4.4. (Rectangle)
........................ 181
7.2. .................................... 235

7.2.1. (Explode) .................................. 235
7.2.2. (Make Block) .......................... 237
7.2.3. (Insert Block) ......................... 242
7.2.4. ........ 244
7.2.5. (List)
(Properties) ......................................................... 247
7.3. .......................... 251

7.3.1.
(Snap to Nearest) ................................................. 251
7.3.2. ............ 254
7.3.3. ............ 259
7.4. ..................................... 261

7.5. ............................ 264
8
.................... 268
8.1. .................................................... 269
9.2.
........................................................ 317
9.2.1. .................................. 318
9.2.2. ............................... 319
9.2.3. .................................... 321
9.3.

(Edit Hatch) ............................................................................... 321
9.4. Super
Hatch ........................................................................................ 322
10
............................................................... 325
8.1.1.
(Copy) (Move) ............ 271
10.1. ....................................... 326

10.2. .................................. 328
8.1.2.
(Extend)
(Trim) ................................................................. 275
10.2.1. (Single
Line Text) ................................................................................ 328
8.1.3. ..................... 279
10.2.3. ........................................ 335
8.1.4. ....................... 283

....................................................... 284

.......................................................... 286

(Array) ................................................................. 292
10.2.4. .......................... 338
8.2. ....................................................... 296

8.2.1.
................................... 296
8.2.2. ........................ 299
10.2.2. ............ 330
10.3. ............... 341

10.3.1.
(Rectangle) ................................................ 341
10.3.2. (Polyline)
....................................... 344
10.3.3.
............................................ 351
10.4.
.................................................................................... 354
8.2.3. ............................................ 302
9
........................................... 306
9.1. ........................... 307
9.1.1. ................................ 311
9.1.2. ..................... 313
11
........................................................... 359
11.1. ...................................... 359
11.2.
.................................................................................. 365
11.3. .............................. 375
10
11
11.4. ,
................................................................. 381
14.2. ............................... 460

14.3. ................................................... 462
12
......................... 391

AutoCAD 2008 ........................................... 466
12.1.
...................................................................................... 392
12.2. ..................... 397
.1. AutoCAD 2008 ............................................. 466

.2.
AutoCAD .......................................................... 468
.3. ................................................................. 474
.4. ................................................................... 476
.5. ........................................................ 477
.6. .................................. 484
12.2.1. ............................ 397

12.2.2. ........ 404
12.3. ................. 407
13
.......................................... 412
13.1. ........................................ 413
13.1.1. .......................... 413
13.1.2. (PAPER)
(MODEL) .............................................................. 415
13.1.3.
............................................................................ 419
13.1.4.
......................................................................... 421
13.1.5. ....................... 425
13.2.
.................................................................................. 428
13.2.1. .......................................... 428
13.2.2.
............................................................................ 434
13.2.3. ......................... 436
13.2.4. .................... 442
14
................................ 445
14.1. (Model) ...................... 446
14.1.1. .............................................. 446
14.1.2. ....................................... 449
14.1.3. ..................... 458

AutoCAD 2009 ........................................... 486
.1. AutoCAD 2009............................................. 486
.2.
AutoCAD .......................................................... 487
.3. ................................................................ 496
.4. ................................................................... 497
.5. ........................................................ 498
.6. .................................. 505

AutoCAD 2010 ........................................... 508
.1. AutoCAD 2010 ............................................ 508
.2.
AutoCAD .......................................................... 511
.3. ................................................................ 520
.4. ................................................................... 521
.5. ........................................................ 522
.5.1. .............................................................. 524
.5.2. AutoCAD ............................................ 526
.5.3. ....................................... 528
.6. .................................. 529
.................................................... 532
AutoCAD
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XVII .
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(Y) , (0,0).
, ,
, .
, ,
(. 2.6).
, X . ,
, Y.
,
.
: @X,Y.
. 2.7
( ) 180, ( ) 270,
360.
(<),
,
Y, . ,
, 200
, @200<0.
2.2.
(Offset) (Fillet)
. 2.6
, ,
. 2.2.
, (Line) (Erase),
(Offset) (Fillet).
2.2.1.

( ) , ( ).

. , AutoCAD
(, , ),
(. 2.7).
, ( ) 90,

.
1. (File Close).

.
2. (File New).
3. (Select Template)
acadiso.dwt, (Open).
44
4. (Line) (,
(Line),
(Draw), (L)).
5. : (Specify first point:)
50,150. .
6. @470,0.
7. @0,400.
8. @-470,0.
9. (CLOSE) .
(LINE),
.
[]: (Specify
next point or [Undo]:) ,
AutoCAD
(LINE).
10. (ZOOM) (Z),
(ALL) .
(Zoom All),
(
). ,
. 2.8.
45
2.2.2.

(Erase)
,
.
.
(ERASE) (ALL),
(Erase)
.
1. (Modify
Erase). ,
(pickbox cursor).
, ,
.
: .
2.
.
.
. ,
, AutoCAD
. ,
.
3. .
4. Enter
(ERASE).
, (ERASE) .
2.2.3.
. 2.8
,
.
1. (Line).
2. 50,150 .
3. @470<0.
4. @400<90.
5. @470<180.
6. (CLOSE)
(LINE).
, (. . . 2.8).
, ,

. , ,
,
, .
46
,
.
2.2.4.
(Offset)
, ,
.
,
(Offset).
20 .
(Offset) :
;
;
.
.
1. (Offset).
(Modify Offset)
(Offset) (Modify)
(Offset) .
[//
] <>: (Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer]
<Through>:).
.
. , ,
AutoCAD, .
2.
:
;
,
( (THROUGH));
Enter
( ; (OFFSET)
,
, (THROUGH)).
3. (ERASE) (LAYER) (OFFSET)
,
.
4. 20 ,
(OFFSET).
,
[/] <>: (Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>).
47
5.
. (. 2.9),
,
, , [//] <>: (Specify points on side to offset or [Exit/
Multiply/Undo] <Exit>:). ,
.
.
. 2.9
6. ,
, .
( ), AutoCAD
.
, 20
(. 2.10).
. ,
(Offset) ,
.
. (,
(OFFSET)),
Esc.
7. ,
. AutoCAD .
8. , ,
(. 2.11).
48
49
(Line), ,
, .
, . , . 2.11
. 2.2, , ,
. ,
AutoCAD,
.
2.2.5.
(Fillet)
. 2.10
20
. 2.11
(Fillet) ,
. .
0 ,
. ,
.
1. (Fillet) ,

(Fillet) (Modify)
(Modify Fillet)
(FILLET) (F).
2.
(FILLET): ( =
(Mode = TRIM)) 0
( = 0.0000 (Radius = 0.0000)).
,
, . 2.12
,
.
. ,
(OFFSET) ( 20 ),
.
9. Enter (Offset).
, , , ,
. 2.12
50
51
3. ,
,
(. 2.13), (Fillet)
. Enter
(FILLET).
. 2.14
. 2.13
. ,
Enter. , , , ,
.
, AutoCAD
: ,
.
, ,
,
(Fillet)
(FILLET) ,
AutoCAD ,
AutoCAD.
4. ,
(Fillet) ,
(. 2.14).
. ,
, ,
( , ).
Esc ,
(UNDO) (U). (undo) ,
.
, , . 2.14,
, . 2.2.
(Offset), (Fillet),
, , .
(OFFSET) (FILLET)
AutoCAD.
.
2.3.
(Extend) (T
rim)
(Trim)
, . 2.2,
,
, .
, 160
30 . 20
135 ,
. ,
(Line), ,
, , ,
(Offset) (Fillet). ,
52

(Extend) (Trim).
2.3.1.
53
7. ,
. Enter
(OFFSET) (. 2.16).

.
1. (Offset).
20
, ,
.
2. 135.
3. ,
, .
135 ,
(. 2.15).
. 2.16 ,
,
. 2.15
4. ,
, .
135 ,
.
5. Enter (OFFSET),
Enter ,
.
6. AutoCAD
50.
8. (Fillet)
, . 7, .
9. . 58, (
Enter 50 ),

. ,
. 2.17.
(Extend)
(Trim),
.
2.3.2.
(Extend)
(Extend)
,
(boundary edge).
,
. (Extend)
: ,
54
. 2.17
. 2.18
55
, (

AutoCAD ,
).
Enter.
1. (Extend),

(Extend) (Modify)
(Modify Extend)
(EXTEND) (EX).
AutoCAD .
2. (. 2.18)
Enter.
. AutoCAD
Enter, ,
. ,
, , ,
Enter.
3. ,
. ,
, AutoCAD .
, .

. Enter
(EXTEND) (. 2.19).
. 2.19

2.3.3.
(T
rim)
(Trim)

. , ,
(Fillet) (
56
(Offset)
). ,
.
(Trim) ,
. (Extend),
.
(cutting edge),
.
1. (Trim),
(Trim) (Modify)
(Modify Trim)
(TRIM) (TR).
(EXTEND), AutoCAD
,
.
2. ,
(Offset),
(. 2.20) Enter
.
. 2.20
3. ,
, ,
(. 2.21).
4. , . 3,
, .
. 2.21
57
5. Enter (TRIM).

, ,
.
. (TRIM)
, (UNDO) (U)
(Undo) Standard.
6. (Offset)
30 .
7. (Trim)

(. 2.22).
8. Enter ,
AutoCAD , , ,
, . 2.23. AutoCAD
.
9. Enter (TRIM).
(. 2.24) (. . 2.2),
, .
, ,
, AutoCAD.
,
(Line), (Offset), (Erase), (Fillet),
(Trim) (Extend),
. AutoCAD
58
. 2.22
. 2.23

, . ,
,
.
. 2.24
59
, AutoCAD,
. (File Exit)
Alt+F4. ( AutoCAD,
, (File Close)
Ctrl+F4.) AutoCAD
.
,
. ,
, 470 400 .
, .
,
10 ,
: 10 , 10 10 ? ,
AutoCAD,
. ,
15
! ,
, , ,
,
. ,
AutoCAD
.
61
,
AutoCAD N.dwg (DrawingN.dwg).
acadiso.dwt,
(metric) .
acad.dwt,
(imperial) (, , . .).
,
.
.
2 ,
,
. 1024 768
300 580600
, .

1,5 3,0 .
, ,
,
.

,
. ,
,
AutoCAD, ,
. ,
.
3.1.1.
.
1. AutoCAD, (File
Close) Ctrl+F4
, (File New)
Ctrl+N
acadiso.dwt.
2. (Format Units)
(UNITS) (UN).
(Drawing Units)
(. 3.1) , (Type)
(Length) (Decimal), (Type)
(Angle) (Decimal Degrees).
3.1.
AutoCAD , ,
, .
.
,
. ,
acadiso.dwt,
.
. 3.1

(Drawing Units)
3.
,
(Type) (Length)
62
(Decimal), ( (Architectural),
(Engineering) (Fractional))
(, ).
(Scientific) ,
(, 2.0039
2.0039E+00), .
, ,
(Type)
,
(Sample Output).
(Decimal).
4.
(Precision), (Length) (Angle)
(Type).
(Precision) (Length).
,
(Decimal) (. 3.2).
.
, .
(
), ,
.
. ,
.
5.
AutoCAD.
. 3.2 (Precision)
(Decimal)
63
0.1, ,
(, 2.0039), 0.1 (
2.0). ,
2.0039. 0.0001,
(Distance) (
7) ,
2.0039.
6. (Precision) 0.0
0.1 .
3.1.2.
(Type) (Angle),
, , ,
(Decimal Degrees). /
/ (Deg/Min/Sec),
, (
(Grads), (Radians) (Surveyors Units))
.
(Decimal
Degrees), ,
.
1. (Precision)
(Angle).
2. 0.00.
(Drawing Units) ,

( (Decimal)) 0.1
,
( (Decimal Deg
rees)), 0.01
(. 3.3).
3.
(Direction),

(Drawing Units),

(Direction
Control). ,
,
,
. 3.3
(Drawing Units)

64
0. ,
(Direction Control),
( ,
2 . 2.7) OK.
.
4. (Drawing Units),
OK,
. , ,
,

(Drawing Units).
(Dra
wing Units),
, AutoCAD,
.

, .
65
1. .
(View Display UCS Icon On)
, (UCSICON OFF). .
2. (View
Zoom Extents)
(ZOOM), (ZOOM EXTENTS) (Z),
(E). ,
( , ).
3.
(GRID). (GRID)
, (. 3.4).
. 10
(0.0,0.0) (420.0,290.0).
3.2.
, ,
.
, ,
.
(zooming).
,
2. ,
, AutoCAD,
(grid).
,
.
3.2.1.
,
, .
,
. , ,
(drawing limits).
( ) ,

(Zoom In) (Zoom Out).
, .
, 1.
. 3.4 AutoCAD,

4.
(Zoom Out), (
).
(View Zoom
Out). ,
, .
5. (
10 , 50, ),
GRIDDISPLAY, 4. ,
. 3.5.
66
67
3.2.2.
. 3.5
,
. (0.0,0.0)
(420.0,290.0), .
6. (SNAP) (
(GRID)).

. ,
, 10 .
, (SNAP)
, ,
.
AutoCAD. ,
GRIDDISPLAY 0,
, ( ,
).
AutoCAD
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,
2,85 4,90 , 4900 2850 .
,
.
AutoCAD (drawing limits)

.
(0.0,0.0) .
.
1. (Format Drawing
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, , ,

, (0.0000,0.0000).
2. ,
, Enter ,
. AutoCAD
.
3. 4900,2850.
4,9 2,85 , . AutoCAD

,
.
4. ,
, (. 3.6).
, , ,
.
(Zoom In) (Zoom Extents),
(Zoom All).
. 3.6
68
5. (View Zoom
All) (ZOOM
ALL) (Z), (A).
.
, , , ,
10 ,
10 . ,
AutoCAD , (Grid)
, , ,
.
, , , ,
, , ,
(1,5 3 ). , 10
. ,
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50 (2850 ),
50 ,

. , AutoCAD
.
, .
1. (Tools
Drafting Settings)
(DSETTINGS). , ,
(Drafting Settings)
(Snap and Grid) (. 3.7).
(Grid) (Snap)
. ,
10.
2. (Grid X spacing) (Grid spacing)
0. ,

(Snap). Y (Grid Y spacing)
Tab (Grid X spacing),
.
3. (Grid X spacing) (Snap)
50.
Y (Grid Y spacing) Tab ,

(Grid X spacing).
4. OK (Draf
ting Settings).
50 ,
. . 3.8 (
. 3.7
(Drafting Settings)
. 3.8
4900 2850 50
69
70
). ,
, 5 .
3.2.3. (Grid)
(Snap)
,
.
,
.
1. (Line) (,
L) (0.0, 1350.0),
. 3.9. ( ,

.)
71
, 0.00 ( ,
, ).
4.
, 3000.0<0.00.
, AutoCAD ,
(. 3.10).
. 3.10
5.
1500.0<90.00 , .
6.
3000.0<180.00 (. 3.11).
. 3.9. ,
2.
.
.
(
, <
> (<Coords off>)).
3.
, .

. (Endpoint),
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, .
, , ,
,
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.
7. (CLOSE)
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(LINE).
,
, ,
72
73
. ,
,
. , ,
50 , 100 .
,
, .

, 2, , ,
,
. , ,
,
. , AutoCAD
:
, . , , ,
, ,
. ,
.
. 3.11
3.3.
. 3.12
Windows, AutoCAD
,
, .
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, , Children Room.
Windows
, .
1.
(Save) Stan
dard (File Save)
(QSAVE)
Ctrl+S. (Save Dra
wing As) (. 3.13).
2. (Save In) ,
(
AutoCAD ).
3.
(Create New Folder),
(Save Drawing
As), Alt+5.
4. , Children Room.
5. .
74
. 3.13
(Save Drawing As)
6. (File name) ,
1.dwg (Drawing1.dwg) Work030 ( dwg
).
. ,
Workxxy, xx .
.
, Workxx0,
Workxx1 . .
7. (Save). ,
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(File Exit) Alt+F4.
, ,
( , ,
),
.

,
, .
,
,
.
. 4.1. ,
:
,
, .
,
.
. 4.1
76
77
,
, 15 ( . 4.1
). ,
, ,
. .
,
( . 4.1 ).
, , ,
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.

(. 4.2), .
. 4.3

. 4.2

, . ,
8 .
4.1.

. , ,
. 4.3 (
), ,
.
, (,
), ,
(Line),
(Offset), (Fillet), (Trim) (Extend).
, . 4.3,
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,
.
4.1.1. (Offset),
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, , ,
.
. 4.3,
, ,
.
18 .
1628 ,
1014 . , 38 ,
,
18 .
, 5 .
1. (File Open),
3 ,
78
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Work030.dwg.
, (. . 3.12).
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,
.
(Zoom Extents)
( (View Zoom
Extents)), (Zoom Out) (
(View Zoom Out)),
,
.
(Offset), ,

(Modi
fy Offset).
AutoCAD
[//] <>: (Specify offset distance or [Through/
Erase/Layer] <Through>) 18.
AutoCAD
[/] <>: (Select object to offset
or [Exit/Undo]:) , .
.

. 18
(. 4.4). (Offset)
, AutoCAD
.
. 4.5
79
. (, ,

(Trim), ,
(Fillet).)
,
(Fillet).
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(ZOOM) ,
1.5x. .
. (Zoom Out)
AutoCAD
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(Zoom In) 0.5x. ,
,
, .
(Fillet), ,
10.
(F)
(Modify Fillet).
. 4.4
8.
, Enter
(OFFSET) (. 4.5).
9.
(Fillet), ,
. 4.3, (Extend)
. , , ,
(FILLET) ,
( =
0.0000 (Radius = 0.0)).
(RADIUS), (R), 0
. (FILLET) , Enter
.
80
81
11. , . (
(Fillet),
2.) , . 4.6,
(FILLET) .
. 4.7
3. (. 4.8).
. 4.6
12.
(Extend), ,
(EX)
(Modify Extend).
13.
, , Enter ,
. AutoCAD

. 4.3 .
Enter (EXTEND).
, . 4.7.
4.1.2.

.
1. (Offset),
(Offset) (Modify) (
(OFFSET) (O)).
2. (Specify offset
distance) 200.
. 4.8
200
4. .
200 . Enter
(OFFSET), Enter .
.
. (Offset)
. ,
, (OFFSET)
. , Enter.
5. . 4.3, 400 (
AutoCAD 400).
6. , . 3 (. . 4.8),
. AutoCAD
82
83
, 200
.
7.
(. 4.9),
, 400 .
. 4.11
. 4.9
8.
(. 4.10) 400 .
, , ,
.
, .
.
. 4.10
9. ,
200 ( . 4), . (
, .)
10. Enter (OFF
SET) , 296 ,

Enter (OFFSET).
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(Trim).
,
200 (,
).
(,
).
1. (Trim),
(Trim) (Modify)
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696 (400 + 296 ), Enter
( . 4.12 ).
3. AutoCAD , .
,
, , . 4.12,
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,
, . 4.13 .
84
. 4.12 ,
( )
. 4.14
85
, ,
, . 4.15, .
. 4.13 ,
( )
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, . 4
.
6. , . 4.14,
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, ,
, , . 4.14,
.
7. ,
,
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. 4.15
8. .
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(FILLET),
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(F).
9. , ,
, . 4.16. AutoCAD
(FILLET)
.
. (Fillet) (Trim)
: (Fillet)
.
(Trim).
86
. 4.16
87
, ,

. (Trim),
, ,
. ,
.
. 4.17
(ZOOM)
(Zoom Window)
(Zoom All),
(Zoom Extents), (Zoom In) (Zoom Out).
AutoCAD
(Zoom Window),
(Zoom Previous).
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window),
,
, , .
1. (ZOOM) (Z),
,
(. 4.17)
.
2. .
, .
,
, . 4.18,
.
3. , (ZOOM)
,
(. 4.19). ,

. AutoCAD
. 4.18 ,

,
.
. (Zoom
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,
.
4. (Trim),
(
. 4.20 ), , Enter ,
, (. 4.20)
88
89

, ).

. (ZOOM
PREVIOUS) (Z P).
(. 4.21). (ZOOM
PREVIOUS) (Zoom
Previous),
Standard,
(View Zoom Previous).
. 4.19
. 4.21
(Zoom Previous)
,
,
.
. 4.20
. Enter
(Trim).
. (Trim)
, ,
(Fillet) , .
5.
(Zoom Extents),
(Zoom In) (Zoom Out) ( (ZOOM OUT)

(Offset), (Trim), (Extend)
(Fillet),
, .
1. 100 ,
82 ,
218 (. . 4.3).
2. 300 ,
100 .
90
91
3.
, . 4.22.
. 4.23 ,
, 50
. 4.22 ,

4.
18 ,

( (Extend),
).
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, ,
.
6.
. (FILLET)
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, . 4.23.
7. 86 ,

(
),
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Delete.)
8. (
50 0 ) ,
, ,
,
. 4.24.
, ,
(Offset), (Trim), (Extend) (Fillet)
. ,
(File Save As)
. 4.24

Work041.dwg. , , AutoCAD
.
4.1.3.

,
.
(,

). , ,
. ,
92
,
(Offset), (Trim), (Extend) (Fillet),
(Zoom
Window) (Zoom Previous).
1. . 4.3,
500 ,
600 ,
100 . ( , ,
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, . 4.25.
93
3. (Trim),
,
, . 4.26.
(Trim)
Enter.
. 4.26
4.
800 (. . 4.3),
( ,
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.

, (. 4.27).
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2. ,
,
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.
.
,
.
. 4.27
94
. . 4.3
5 ,
.
, ,
. ,
,
.
1. ,
18 .
2. (Zoom Window) (
(Z)),
, . 4.28. (
,
. 4.28 .)
, , , AutoCAD
, .
95
. 4.29

, 5
( ,
).
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.
,
. 4.30.
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3. (Trim)
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,
(Zoom Previous) ( (Z P)).
5. , . 14,
.
6. . 4.3,
332 (350 18 = 332 ).
(. . 4.1 4.2),
.
7.
345 (350 5 = 345 ).
. 4.30
(Zoom Window)
96
97
9. ,
(
) 5 .
10. ,
. 4.31.
. 4.32 (FILLET),
,

. 4.31
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,
11.
, ,
. 4.32.
12. (Zoom
Previous) , . 10 11
, ,
,
(ZOOM PREVIOUS).
13.
, . 4.33.
14. (Zoom Previous),
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( (Zoom Window))
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. ,
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.
(Zoom Window)
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)
.
, ,
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.
,
.
98
. 4.34
99
. 4.36 ,

1. , . 4.35.
. 4.35 (Zoom Window)

2.
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,
, ).
3. ,
, ,
, . 4.36.
, .
4.
(Zoom Previous),
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(Zoom Window)

,
. 4.37.
5. , 3000 . ,
. 4.1, , , 3000 .
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282 (3000 2718 = 282 ),
,
.
, (TRIM) ,
, .
100
101
6. 282
7. (TRIM) (TR)
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, . 4.38 (
, ).
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. 4.38 ,

9. Enter (Trim),
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Previous) .
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, (. 4.39) ,
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, , ,
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,
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,
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, .

. ,
,
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, .
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, ),
. , ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
102
.
, ,
, .
1. .
( (MODEL))
( ). ,
, ,
(MODEL).
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ting Settings) (DSET
TINGS).
3. (Drafting Settings)
(Object Snap) ,
, . 4.40 (
),
OK, .
. 4.40 (Object Snap)

(Drafting Settings)
4.
(Zoom Window)
Standard ( ,
, 1)
(Z) .
103
5. ,
. 4.41.
. 4.41 (Zoom Window)

6. ,
,

(Rectangle),
(Draw).

(Draw Rectangle)
(RECTANG) (REC). AutoCAD

(Rectangle) ( [////]: (Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/
Thickness/Width]:)).
.
, , ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
(object snap).
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142
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153
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154
5.3.

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emporary track point), (Intersection)
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157
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160
161
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emporary track point)
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163
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(Snap From).
(Temporary
track point), , ,
,

(Temporary track point).
, . 5.38, 60.
, ,
(Snap From), 60
, (Temporary track
point) (. . 5.36).
7. AutoCAD ,
, (COPY) (
. 5.38
),
. ,
(Snap From), ,
,
. (ORTHO)
(
),
(Snap From) (. 5.39)
70.
8. Enter (COPY),
(ORTHO)
.
,
, ,

(Undo) Standard.
, ,
(Copy).
,
.
, , ,
.

(Redo) Standard,
,
.
164
165
(Properties),
, . 5.40.
3. . 5.40, (Properties)
,
( (Circle)).
(Geometry) (Properties) (Radius)
, 30 (. . 5.36)
25.
. 5.39 , 60
(Snap From)
. AutoCAD,
(Redo), (Undo)
(UNDO), (U).
(UNDO), ,
. (Redo)
(REDO). ,
(Redo) (Undo)
(U) (Redo), (UNDO)

( ),
. (UNDO)
, ,
Standard.
5.3.5.
(Properties)
,
. 5.36.
1. .
, (grip).
2.
(Properties) Stan
dard (
(Zoom Previous)). AutoCAD
. 5.40 (Properties)

4. Enter,
, ,
.
5. Esc (
(Properties) (No selection)),
, .
6. (Radius)
(Properties) 32 27.
,
, .
166
7. (Properties),
.
8.
(Zoom Previous).
. (Properties) , ,
,
.
, .
5.4.
167

(View Pan Realtime)
(PAN). ,
,
.
, .
2. , ,
.
(. 5.42).
, .
.
, , ,
,
AutoCAD,
AutoCAD.
5.4.1.
(Zoom Realtime)

(Pan Realtime)
. 5.41, .
, ,
, ,
.
, , ,
(Zoom Window)
(Zoom Previous). ,
,
,

(Zoom Real
time)
(Pan Realtime),
.
1.

(Pan Real
time) Standard
. 5.41

. 5.42
(Pan Realtime)
3.
(Zoom Real
time) Standard
(View Zoom Realtime).
(Zoom
Realtime) ,
(Pan
Realtime), Esc Enter.
(ZOOM) (Z), Enter.
168
4. ,
. ,
, , .
(. 5.43).
,
.
169
(PAN))
(Exit).
.
(Pan Realtime)
(Zoom Realtime) .
, ,

(Pan Realtime). ,
, , ,
(Zoom Realtime).

,
AutoCAD.
5.4.2.
(Fillet) (Multiply)
. 5.43
(Zoom Realtime)
5.
,
(Pan).
,

(Zoom).
6. ,

,
.
7. , Esc
Enter ( (ZOOM)
.
(Offset),
(Fillet) (Line),
(Endpoint). , . 5.41.
1. ,
, 200 ,
470 .
2. ,
, 50 ,
298 .
3. (. 5.44)
(Fillet).
4. , ,
(FILLET), 0 ( = 0.0 (Radius = 0.0)). , (RADIUS)
, 0.
5. , , ,
(MULTIPLY)
. (FILLET)
,
,
, Enter Esc.
6.
, Enter
(FILLET).
7.
(Pan Realtime) (Zoom Real
170
171
. (470 464,75) / 2 = 2,625 .

.
(Offset) , ,
.
9. (Fillet) ,
(Multiply),
.
10. . 5.41, ,
,
457,04 .
(Offset),
1,76 . . 5.46.
. 5.44 , ,
(Offset)
time) ,
, . 5.45.
8. . 5.41, ,

. 5.46

. 5.45 , ,
(Fillet) (Multiply)
11. ,
.
(Zoom Window)
, .
12. (Line) ,
(Endpoint)
,
, . 5.47.
13. (LINE),

(Zoom Previous).
172
173
15. . 1012
,
.
16.
,
(Zoom Previous) .
. (,
,
),
(Zoom Extents) (Zoom Out),
(Z E), 0.75x (Z 0.75x).
5.4.3. (Ellipse)

. 5.47 ,

14. . 1012
,

(Zoom Realtime) (Pan Real
time). ,
, (Zoom Window),

,
. ,

(Zoom
Realtime) (Pan Realtime)

(Zoom Previous), AutoCAD

(Zoom Realtime)
(Pan Realtime).
. (Zoom Realtime)
(Pan Realtime)
,
,
(Zoom Window)
.
, , , ,
, :
. ,
8 (Snap to Endpoint).
, ?
, . ,
(Object Snap), ,
,
. , ,
,
.
,
, (. 5.48).
.
. 5.48, .
( 10 40 ),
,
. , ,
,
,
(Endpoint), C (Midpoint),
(Center) (Quadrant).
,
.
1.
(Tools Drafting Settings).
. 5.48

174
175
( (DSET
TINGS) (DS)
(OSNAP)
(Settings).)
2. (Drafting Settings)
(Object Snap)
(Endpoint), C (Midpoint), (Center)
(Quadrant), (F3) (Object Snap
On (F3)), . 5.49.
. 5.50 (Drafting)
(Options)
. 5.49 (Object Snap)

(Drafting Settings)

3. OK, (Options),
(Drafting
Settings). (Options) ,
, (Drafting) (. 5.50). ,
(AutoSnap Marker
Size) (,

). , (Marker), (Magnet)
(Display AutoSnap tooltip)
, (Display AutoSnap aperture box)
, OK
(Drafting Settings).
4. OK (Drafting
Settings)
, ,
(Object Snap) .

(Endpoint), C (Midpoint), (Center)
(Quadrant), . (,
, ,
(Perpendicular), .)
.
. , AutoCAD
, , ,
, . ,

. F3
,
,
F3.
(OSNAP).
176
177
, ,

.
1. ,
. 5.51. ( ,
(Pan Realtime)
(Zoom Realtime).)
. 5.52
, 35,
110, 125

. , . 5.53.
. 5.51
(Zoom Window)
2.
(Offset)
22 (. . 5.48).
3. (Offset)
180 .
4. . 2 3
80 .
5. , . 4,
50 .
6.
(. 5.52) 35 , 110 ,
125 .
7. , , 40 ,
120 .
8.
. (Fillet)
, . 2 3, ,
. 6 (
110 ).
9. (Trim)
,
. 5.53
10. , . 5.48,
. (
(Multiply)
(Fillet).)
178
179
11. , . 5.54,
(Fillet)
, .
. 5.55 AutoCAD ,
(Midpoint)
. 5.54
12. ,
(, , ,
, AutoCAD ).

.
(Circle)

.
13. AutoCAD (. 5.55),

.
14.
. AutoCAD
, (Endpoint).
,
.
15. 40
, ,
, ,
. 5.56.
16. , (Draw
Ellipse Axis, End).
. 5.56
,
(Ellipse) , (Ellipse)
(Draw) (ELLIPSE) (EL).
180
181
. (Arc) (Circle),
(Ellipse) ,
(Draw Ellipse).)
17.
,
, , AutoCAD
(Endpoint),
.
18. , . 17,
.
19. AutoCAD ,
.
(. 5.57),
, ,
70 (. . 5.48).
. 5.58
.
2 (
), ,
40 ,
.
5.4.4.
(Rectangle)
. 5.57
AutoCAD
20.
, .
, ,
, . 5.58.
21.
(Zoom Previous).
. . 5.58, ,
,
, ,
, (. 5.59).
,

.
,
(Rectangle)
(Rotate), (PO
LAR)
. , ,

. 5.59

182
. ( , AutoCAD
.)
, ,
(Pan Realtime)
(Zoom Previous) ,
(. 5.60).
, , Work052.dwg, ,
(File Save) Ctrl+S,
.
( , Work051.dwg)
Work052.dwg, (File
Save As) Ctrl+Shift+S.
. 5.60

. ,
, 4 5, 80%
. , ,
.
, , . 5.60,
(Rectangle)
(Circle), (Line),
(Offset), (Fillet), (Extend) (Trim)
.
, (POLAR).
183

,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
AutoCAD,
. ,
AutoCAD , ,
AutoCAD
.
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
, (, , . .)
, (, ,
) . ,

.
AutoCAD,
. (layer) . ,
,
(, , . .).
, ,
(,
),
.
:
,
. ,
. , ,
,
, .
185
AutoCAD .
AutoCAD ,
. , AutoCAD
(
). , ,
AutoCAD, .
AutoCAD
(, ,
, . .).
, ,
, () .
,
. . 6.1
( ): 1276, 758, 622, 320, 18, 720, 1036, 1188
1358 .
. 6.1
. 6.1,
720 . ,
, ,
. , 720
,
(, , ,
.).
,
.
. ,
186
187
,
.
. ,
.
, 9.
6.1.
AutoCAD ,
, 0.
, , .
( , , ,
.) , ,
, .
.
AutoCAD (
), .
, AutoCAD (
)
.

,
, , .
:
(, ), ,
. , ,
, .
. 6.2
C (Layers)
II (Layers II)
4.
(Layer Properties
Manager) C (Layers) ( ).
(
(Format Layer)
(LAYER) (LA).)
(Layer Properties
Manager). . 6.3,
, , , ,
.
6.1.1.
(Layer Properties Manager)
,

.
1. , AutoCAD,
Work052.dwg , ,
Work061.dwg.
2.
C (Layers) II
(Layers II).
3. , C
(Layers) II (Layers II) (. 6.2) AutoCAD,
Standard
.
. 6.3
. :
(color) , (linetype) (lineweight),
(plot style). (White)
(Color) , .
188
( , ),
, .
Continuous, (Linetype),
, (continuous)
(White).
(Color) : (On),
(Freeze) (Lock). ,
,
. ,
, ,
( (Lineweight), (Plot Style) (Plot)) 14,
. (Description)
, ()
.
, .
1.
(New) Alt+.
1 (Layer1).
, .
2. 1276. 1 (Layer1)
1276 (. 6.4).
189
(Index Color) (. 6.5)

(Color) 164,
.
. 6.5 (Index Color)

(Select Color)
4. OK. (Select Color)

,
(Layer Properties Manager) ,
1276 .
. 6.4
1276
3. (White),
(Color) 1276.
(Select Color). ,
. ,
(
, ,
, ).
, ,
. , ,
.
(Index Color) (Se
lect Color), ,
,
, ( (Black) (White)),
256
() 256 . 1 7 (
) . ,
, (Color) , (
(red), (yellow) . .). ( 8 255)
190
. 7 White,
, .
6.1.

. 256 ,
(TrueColor) ,
.
(TrueColor)
,
. ,
(Color Books)
,
,
(PANTONE, RAL . .).

,
(Index Color).

.
1. (New)
(Layer Properties Manager), .
2. 758.
3. ,
758. (Select Color)
(Color) 144 ( ),
OK ( 6.6).
4. . 13 ,
. 6.1.
622
320
18
720
1036
1188
1358
126
56
24
155
185
234
204
. 6.6
(Select Color)
191
. ,
.
.

(. 6.7).
Continuous.
, .
622 720
, ,
.
. 6.7
192
193
6.1.2.
,
(Select Color).
.
(Continuous)
(DOT).
.
1.
(
224).
2. Continuous ,
(Select Linetype)
(. 6.8). , (Loaded line
types) : Continuous.
. 6.8
. 6.9
/ (Load or Reload Linetypes)
(Select Linetype)

3. (Load),
(Select Linetype).
/ (Load or Reload Line
types), (Available Linetypes)
, acadiso.lin (. 6.9).
4. ACAD_ISO02W100,
. 6.9, OK.
5. (Select Linetype),
, (Loaded line
types) , ,
. OK.
ACAD_ISO02W100 (. 6.10).
. 6.10
Continuous,
ACAD_ISO02W100
6.1.3.
(Layer Properties
Manager) ,
(New Layer) (Delete Layer),
194
,
(Set Current).
,
(Layer Properties Manager), .
,
,
(Current layer),
(Set Current) (. . 6.10).
.
,
AutoCAD .
, , ,
, ,
( , , . .),
.
1. 720
(Set Current) Alt+C. 720 (
),
(Current layer) .
2. OK
(Layer Properties Manager).
3. (. 6.11).
,
(Layers) (. . 6.2 . 6.11),
,
0,
(Layer Properties Manager),
720.
,
. ,
. ,
,
, 0 .
,
.
6.2.
,
,
, .

(Layers),
II (Layers II).
195
. 6.11 720
(Layers)
6.2.1.
(Layers)

(Layers) , ,
. .
1. (. 6.12)
, .
2.
. ,
(. 6.13).
3.
(Layers) 720,
0. 720
, ,
, AutoCAD ,
.
0,
.
( ), .
196
197
. ,
, . 6.14, ,
.
. 6.12
. 6.14

6. , . 6.14,
,
(Layers) 720
0 720.
7. Esc .
,
. ,
, AutoCAD.
6.2.2.
C (Change to Current Layer)
. 6.13
4. (Layers)
,
720. ,
. (
), 0
720. , ,
, ,
,
720, 0. , .
5. Esc, .
720

C (Change to Current Layer)
II (Layers II).
1. , . 6.15.
,
!
, Esc
.
2. , ,
(
400 ),
( 200 ),
400 ,
. , . 6.16.
198
199
, , ,
. 6.17.
. 6.15
. 6.17
5. (LAYCUR),
720.
,
720, , . ,
(
, )
, , .
, , 720,
, .
.

, ,
.
. 6.16
720
3.
C (Change to Current
Layer) II (Layers II)
C
(Format Layer tools Change to Current Layer)
(LAYCUR). 13
( 720), AutoCAD
, .
4. .
,
,
6.3.

.
6.3.1.

(, , )
, AutoCAD (freeze),
(turn off).
. , , . ,
200
, , ,
.
, , ,
,
, ,
AutoCAD.
.

(Layer Properties Manager),
(Layers), (Layer Freeze)
II (Layers II).
1. (Layer Properties Mana
ger) (Layers)
(Format Layer)
(LAYER) (LA).
(Layer Properties Manager) ,
, .
2. , , Shift,
. ( ,
,
Ctrl.)
3. (Freeze),
.
4. .
, (. 6.18).
5. OK
6.
, .
7. ,
( ),
, . 6.19.
8. (Layers)
( ,
),
. 6.19.
9. AutoCAD , 7
,
.
OK.
10. .
.
11. (Layers)
.
201
. 6.18
,
. 6.19
202
,
(Layers). ,

Shift Ctrl .
12. ,
,
.
13.
(Layer Freeze)
II (Layers II)
(Format Layer tools Layer
Freeze) (LAYFRZ).
14. AutoCAD ,
, .
.
,
, .
15. Enter (LAYFRZ).
, (Layer Freeze)
II (Layers II) ,
.
(Layers) ,
, (Layer
Properties Manager) ,
.
.
AutoCAD
.
. 6.20
, 1188
4. 320 ,
. 6.21 ( ,
,
).
5. ,
(, ),
(Make Objects Layer Current)
.
1. (Layers)
1188.
2. (,
), (. 6.20).
3. (Layers)
1188.
, 38
. OK
. .
. ,
, AutoCAD , 38,
( 4 ,
), ,
1188.
203
. 6.21
, 320
204
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

(Layers)
(Format
Layer tools Make Objects Layer Current)
(LAYMCUR).
,
(Layers),
, AutoCAD .
720.
Ctrl+A
(Edit Select All) .
Shift , ,
,
.
Shift, ,
.
Shift,
.
, . 6.22,
Shift 720.
205
. 6.23 , 720,

, ,
720 .
,
.
6.3.2.
(Copy Objects to New Layer)
. 6.22
, 720
11.
.
12. 720 ,
0. , . 6.23.
13. Work061.dwg.
. 6.23, ,
:
;
;

.
, ,
, .
, .
, ,
. .
1. (Zoom Window)
,
. ,
,
, (
). ,
.
206
207
2. , (5
2 ) (,
).
3.
(Copy Ob
jects to New Layer) II (Layers II)

(Format Layer tools Copy Objects to New Layer)
(COPYTOLAYER).
4. AutoCAD ,
. , ,
, ,
, .
, Enter
(NAME).
5. (Copy
To Layer) (. 6.24) OK.
. 6.25
8. ,
, ,
(. 6.26).
, ,

.
. 6.24
(Copy To Layer)
6. AutoCAD , 7

(COPYTOLAYER).

, Enter
(COPYTOLAYER).
7. .
, ,
,
()
(. 6.25).
. 6.26
208
9. ,
,
.
10. .
, ,
,
, (. 6.27).
. 6.27
11. ,
.
, , ,
:
, ,
320 ( ),
720,
.
12. ,
. ,
,
.
13. OK
,
(Zoom
Previous).
,
. ,
209
,
.
6.3.3.

(scale factor), 1. AutoCAD
,
,
.
1, , ,

.
.

,
,
5 .
1. (LTSCALE)
(LTS).
2. AutoCAD , Enter,
. 5.
3. ,
(. 6.28).
, (,
4, 4.5 5.5).
. 6.28
210
6.3.4.

.
1. ,
.
2. ,
(
,
).
3. (Copy Ob
jects to New Layer) 320.
( , Enter
AutoCAD
(Copy To Layer).)
4. ,
, .
5. .
720

.
. (, ,
720,

.)
, . 6.29.
, ,
, 320
(. 6.30) 18 (. 6.31).
6.3.5.

,
.
, .
. 6.30
. 6.29
720
211
. 6.31
320
18
212
. 6.32
, 1090 (
).
. 6.32
1090

. 6.33

AutoCAD. ,

(Re
cent Input),
(Repeat)
(. . 3.33).
,
.
,
AutoCAD,
,
,
.
1.
718 .
2.
400 .
3. (Line)

, . 2 (. 6.34).
758,
.
1. 758 ,
, .
2. 758
, .
3. (OFFSET)
3000 .
4. Enter (OFFSET),

.
5. (. 6.33)
(Repeat OFFSET).
6. AutoCAD (OFFSET),
3000 . 1500
.
7. Enter (OFFSET).
. ,
(Repeat) <> ,
213
. 6.34
(Endpoint)
214
4. , , (POLAR),
(POLAR) .
5. (POLAR)
(Settings).
,
, 45. ,
.
6. (Polar Tracking)
(Drafting Settings) ,
(F10) (Polar Tracking On (F10)),
(Increment angle)
(Polar Angle Settings) 10.
(POLAR) AutoCAD
, 10.
7. OK
(Drafting Settings).
8. , ,
AutoCAD , 10.
, 70,
,
(. 6.35) ,
Enter (LINE).
215
(+90),
90 (
AutoCAD ) 20.
9. (FILLET),
200 ,

(. . 6.32).
10. . 6.32, (FIL
LET), 700
,
400 .
11. .
, . 6.36.
. , AutoCAD
, ,
. 6.36
. 6.35
? (POLAR)
. 6.32 .
( , )
.

.
, , ,
, . . 6.32
, (
)
( . 6.32 ).

.
216
1. 720
(, ).
2. (Copy Ob
jects to New Layer)
(COPYTOLAYER).
3. AutoCAD ,
, .
4. AutoCAD .
,
(Center),
(. 6.37).
. 6.37
217
,
28 35 .
. ,
(Properties), , ,
(Properties) Standard
(Modify Properties). , (Pro
perties) , (PROPERTIES)
: (PROPS), (MO),
(DDCHPROP), (DDMODIFY) . . ,
(Properties)
(PROPERTIESCLOSE) (PRC).
1. ,

(Quadrant) (. 6.38).
,
.

(Center)
5. AutoCAD . @
244,99 (. . 6.32). .
6. , . 25
,
@436,60. .
. (Copy Objects to New Layer)
(Copy),
.
7. 720,
1036 ( , ).
8. ,
, :
. 6.38
(Quadrant)
2. .
3.
1536 ,
764 (. . 6.32).
250 (232 + 18 = 252 , . . 6.32),
5 .
4. , .
218
219
5. ()
() (. 6.39).
6.
,
, . 6.39 ( 80 ,
30 ),
, (
(Midpoint)).
. 6.40
758
2. , ,
1036.
3.
. 6.39

(Midpoint) (Endpoint).
. ,
. ,
(Midpoint)
( @80,30).

(Move) ( )
() .
7. .
758 (. 6.40).
4.
5.
6.
7.
6.3.6.
. 6.1 6.32,
, .
1. 1188.
8.
.
Ctrl+A (Edit Select All).
1036, 758
1188 .
, ,
,
18 .
.
18 150
(. . 6.32),
(. 6.41).
,

(. 6.42),
.
.
. 6.32, ,
(18 600 ), (1518 18 )
(18 232 ) . (
, , AutoCAD
X Y.)
,
,
220
. 6.41
. 6.42
(Mirror)
438 , 782 . ,
,
. ,
. 7 8, . 6.43.
9. ,
,
.
. 6.43
221
10.
, ,
(. . 6.32).
,
(40 ), ,
40 .
.
(OFFSET).
11.
(Center).
(Object Snap) ,
,
(. 6.44).
12. AutoCAD ,
,
,
. ,
.
13. (OFFSET),
40 ,
, . 12.
14. 250 (232 + 18 = 252 )
(
, ).
222
. 6.44
(Center) (Perpendicular)
15. . 14 ,
,
40
, . 13 (. 6.45).
. 6.45
. , 1188 ,
1090
(, ,
). , .
, 1358 ,
. ,
1276 ,
. , 1358 1276
,
, ,
, , 1495 .

.
1. (Layer Properties Mana
ger) (Layers)
(Format Layer)
(LAYERS) (LA).
2. (Layer Pro
perties Manager) 1036.
F2.
, (. 6.46).
3. 1036 1090 Enter.
4. 1358,
1495.
, 1036 (. . 6.1)
.
? , . 6.1,
,
. , 1036
1090,
223
. 6.46

224
225
5. OK
(Layers)
, 1090.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
. ,
, .
, ,
. , ,
, , , ,
.
, AutoCAD .
(Layer Pro
perties Manager) 1276,
(Delete Layer),

, Alt+D.
.
, , .
, 622 1495 .
, .
1495 , 622
,
( ).
1188 (Delete
Layer) Alt+D.
AutoCAD
(. 6.47). , AutoCAD
Defpoints; ,
; , (
12); ,
.
1188, .
OK ,
622 ,
(Delete Layer) Alt+D.
(Apply)
1276 622 .
1188, ,
1090 OK
1188 .
(Layer Proper
ties Manager), 1495, 1188
( ).
. 6.47
14. OK
6.3.7.
, ,
: 1495 (. 6.48)
(. 6.49).
. 6.48 6.49,
,
, .
1. 1090 1495.
2. 1090, (
, ,
).
3. ,

,
(. 6.50),
.
4. ,
( ,
, (Trim)).
5. (POLAR),
45,
226
. 6.50
. 6.48
227
1495 ( )

, (MOVE)
( , . 6.51,
90).
6. (Rectangle)
@358,299 (. . 6.48)
,
(. 6.52).
. 6.49
(MOVE) ,
1090, ,
90 (. . 6.48
).
, ,
. 6.51

? (POLAR)
228
229
(Move)
.
9. (MOVE)
,
. AutoCAD (POLAR)
135 (. 6.54),
25 (. . 6.48).
. 6.52
7.
220 160 . (MOVE) ,
80 ,
(. . 6.48).
8. (Rotate)
, ,
45 (. 6.53),
. 6.53
. 6.54
10.
25 , . 6.48.
,
,
. ,
(FILLET)
.
11. 720
1495, 720.
1495 (. 6.55).
, . 6.56,
1495 , ,
, . 6.49,
, ,
40 , ,
.
, . ,
AutoCAD ,
230
. 6.55
. 6.56
1495
. , ,
, ,

.
, ,
Work062.dwg.
,
AutoCAD.
, AutoCAD
( ) .

AutoCAD,
. ,
,
.
AutoCAD .
(group) (block).
12
, (Xref).
.
, ,
.
,
, .
.
, ,
, .
, .
, ,
. , ,
(explode).
.

.
,
, .
232
233
, ,
, , ,
. ,
, , ,
. (
.) ,
, , ,
.
,
,
. , ,
.
7.1.
.
7.1.1.
(GROUP)
AutoCAD ,
.
(GROUP) AutoCAD,
.
1. Work062.dwg,
, Work071.dwg.
2.
. ,
.
3. (GROUP)
(G). (Object
Grouping).
4. (Group Name)
, (New)
(Object Grouping).
5. (Object Grouping) ,
, AutoCAD
,
. ,
, Enter .
(Object Grouping)
(. 7.1).
6. (Include Unnamed).
,
.
. 7.1
(Group Name),

. (unnamed),
(selectable) .
(Object Grouping)
. , , ,
, ,
.
, .
AutoCAD *AN, N
. AutoCAD ,
(Unnamed),
.
7. OK (Object
Grouping).
8.
, .
7.1.2.
,
.
1. (Copy)
,
Enter .
2. (GROUP).
3. (Object Grouping)
(Include Unnamed). ,
234

. 7.2, (Group Name),
, ,
AutoCAD.
235
7.2.
.
7.2.1. (Explode)
, ,
.
1. : ( 214),
( 174), ( 116) (
66) .
. , ,
.
. 7.2
AutoCAD *A1 *A2
4. *A1 (Group Name),

(Explode). *A1
(Group Name). ,

.
5.
(Object Grouping),
OK.
6.
Work071.dwg, , .
.
,
,
. , ,
, ,
.
2. (Rectangle)
, ,
.
3. AutoCAD
@4920,2850
.
4. (Zoom Extents)

.
5. (Offset), 350,
,
.
6. (Zoom
Extents)
,
(. 7.3).
7. ,
(Explode)

(Modify).
(Modify Explode)
(EXPLODE)
(X).
8. (EXPLODE) ,
.
, . ,
, ,
,
.
9. 150
, .
236
. 7.3
10.

.
11. 850
. 800 .
(OFFSET) ,
810 , 700 .
12. (OFFSET)
800 ,
600 .
, . 7.4.
13. (Trim)
, ,
. 7.5.
14. , Rectangle
,
(. 7.5).
15. @1250,
3250,
(Zoom Extents) .
16. 100 ,
(Explode)
,

(. 7.6).
, , ,
.
. 7.4
237
. 7.5
7.2.2. (Make Block)

,
, (inser
tion point). ( ,
) AutoCAD (block definition),
(Block description), (block reference) .
238
. 7.6
. AutoCAD
,
,
.
(Make Block)
(Draw).
, .
.

(Insert
Block). , ,
.
,
,
. ,
. ,

, ,
, . , ,
,
.
1. .
2. ,

700 (. 7.7).
3. @40,700.
AutoCAD , ,
. 7.7
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
239
700 40
( ).
.
90,
,
. ,
(Arc). , ,

(Arc) (Draw),
AutoCAD.
, , (Draw Arc Start, End, Angle).
AutoCAD . ,

.
AutoCAD
. ,
, (. 7.8).
90,
AutoCAD ,
(ARC) .
, ,
.
.
(Make Block)
(Draw)
(Draw Block Make)
(BLOCK) (B).
240
. 7.8
9. (Name)
(Block Definition) (. 7.9) 700.
10. (Block unit) (Set
tings) (Unitless).
.
11. ( )
(Pick Point) (Base Point).

(Block
Definition) .
12. ,

,
. 7.10.

,

,

(Block Definition).
13.
,
. 7.9

(Block Definition)
. 7.10
241
.
(Select Objects). (Block Definition)
,
, .
14. , Enter
(Block
Definition).
15. (Objects)
, 2 ,
(Name)
. Delete ,
OK
(Block Definition).
. (Objects)
(Block Definition)
. (Retain),
, .
(Convert to Block) (Retain)
,
. Delete,
.
,
(Block Definition) .
700.
(block reference). , ,
,
242
. , ,
, ( ,
),
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
, :
A X,Y, , ,
, , .
243
( ) . (
.)
4. OK (Insert)
.
5.
,
, (. 7.12).
AutoCAD
.
(
700 ) ,
(Endpoint).
7.2.3. (Insert Block)

700 AutoCAD
( , ,
700).
1.
(Insert Block)
(Draw). (
(Insert Block)
(INSERT) (I).)
2. (Name)
(Insert)
Work071.dwg 700 (. 7.11).
. 7.12
. 7.11
(Insert)
3. (Specify Onscreen)
, ( ,
)
700
6. AutoCAD
X.
, Enter
1.
7. AutoCAD
Y Enter ,
.
, Enter.
8. ,
( )
. AutoCAD
. Enter,
244

0.
700 (. 7.13).
. 7.13 700
, 1, 0
,
.
(Insert)
.
,
.
X Y.
.
,
X. , ,
, ,
Y. ,
X Y,
, .
,
(800/700)= 1.142857.
,
, , .
, , 700:
X
Y, , X, Y
1. (Explode)
,
800.
1. (Insert Block)
(Draw) (,
I).
(Insert) ,
(Specify OnScreen), OK
(Insert) .
2.
, (. 7.14).
3. AutoCAD
X -1.142857, Enter
.
, .
,
( (MIRROR)).
,
.
7.2.4.

, .
. ,
(800 ), , (700 ).
, , , ,
245
. 7.14
700
246
,
Y.
4. Enter
0. ,
.
5. . 14, X
-1, Y
-1.142857.

, .
6. ,
(. 7.15).
,
.)
10. , 800
, (. 7.16).
. 7.16
. 7.15 700
X
7. ,
, (Explode)
(,
(Modify) X ).
8. AutoCAD , 2
. , ,
,
.
9. (Make Block)
800
800 . (
(Block Definition) (Convert to Block),
247
,
800 , .
.
, 600 ,
X, 0.75 (600/800 =
0.75), Y , 0.75, , -90.
,
X,
1.
, , ,
,
600,
(Convert to Block).
, . 7.17.
7.2.5. (List)
(Properties)
, , ,
. ,
,
248
249
(BLOCK REFERENCE Layer:) . ,

AutoCAD (List),
, , : (
(BLOCK REFERENCE), );
, (: (Layer:) );
( : (Block Name:) 600);
( (at point), X=-175.0 Y=600.0 Z=0.0);
X Y (
(X scale factor): 1.0; Y (Y scale factor): 1.0)
( (rotation angle): 0.00). ,
F2 .
. 7.17
( ,
. .) (grip)
, , .
(
).
, ,
.
,
, .
(List) (Inquiry).
1.
AutoCAD
(Inquiry).
2. , (Inquiry)
( ,
),
(List).

(Tools Inquiry List)
(LIST) (LI LS).
3. (List) AutoCAD
.
600 Enter .
4. AutoCAD (AutoCAD
Text Window) .
, :
. AutoCAD ,
AutoCAD.
, AutoCAD,
, (
) .
, (LIST),
F2.
5. (List) (,
(LI)).
6.
, Enter.
AutoCAD
(. 7.18).
7. F2, ,
, .
8. , F2 .
, ,
, (Proper
ties).
,
. .
1. (Properties),
Standard Ctrl+1. (
(Modify Properties)
(PROPERTIES)
, , .)
2. (Properties).
. (Properties)
(. 7.19), ,
AutoCAD
(List). ,
(
(Block Reference)).
250
251
7.3.
.
7.3.1.
(Snap to Nearest)
. 7.18
3.
(Properties),

(PRCLOSE) Esc,

.
.

,

,
.
. 7.19
(Properties),

,
, AutoCAD.
,
.
1. .
2. ,
.
500 , ,
X
.
500 .
3. (Line),
(Snap to Nearest)
(Object Snap).
(Nearest) ,
, ,
, .
4. .
, AutoCAD ,
,
, .
, (. 7.20),
. AutoCAD
.
5. (Snap to Perpendicular)
(Object Snap) ,
. AutoCAD
, .

. Enter (LINE).
6. 500 (OFFSET) Enter .
7. (LINE).
(Midpoint),
, . 45,
.
252
. 7.20
(Nearest)
8. Enter, (LINE).
, . 7.21.
253
, , X Y,
,
, .
. ,

, .
, , ,

.
, , ,
.
, ,
, ,
,
. , ,
,
, .
,
, ,
,
.
. ,

,
.
AutoCAD
, .
. 7.21
, . ,

.
1. (Line) ,
(Midpoint), ,
.
2. (Perpendicular)
Enter
(LINE). (. 7.22)
.
3. .
(Make Block) (, (B) ).
4. (Name) 500,
(Block unit)
(Unitless) .
5. (Pick Point) (Base
Point) , ,
(Endpoint)
.
254
255
(Pan Realtime)) ,

.
2. ,
.
3.
, , ,
(. 7.23).
(
, 575 .)
. 7.22
6. (Block Definition),
(Select Objects) (Objects).
7. ,
, ,
, , Enter
. ( , ,
!). (Block Definition)
(Objects) , 3 .
8. (Objects) Delete
OK. (Block Definition)
,
.
9. .
10. .
,
.
7.3.2.
:
1000 , 4 650 .
,
X, 2, ,
1.3. .
1. (
(Zoom Realtime)) (
. 7.23
1000
4.
(Distance),
(Inquiry)
(Tools In
quiry Distance) (DIST)
(DI).
5. ,

575 . ,
,
(Endpoint), .
,

, , (Mid
256
point), .

. X 575 ( X (Delta X) =
575.0).
6. ,
(DIST), F2 (. 7.24).
. 7.24
257
(
,
). X,
2, Y 1 ( Enter, AutoCAD
, X, 2).
, 0.
,
1000 , ,

(. 7.25).
(DIST)

7. F2 AutoCAD,
(Distance) ,

. 3050 . ,
500 ,
75 (575 500 = 575 ). ,
,
400 (650/2 + 75 = 400 ).
650
100 , ,
750 .
. (Distance)
AutoCAD,
,
.
8.
400 ,
(OFFSET), 750
, .
, Enter (OFFSET).
,
. , , ,
.
1000 ,
. 7.25
1000
,
,
Y 1, -1.
500
650
(. 7.26).
X
1.3, Y 1.
,
90.
.
,
(Zoom Extents) .
, . 7.27.
258
259
7.3.3.
1000 ,
,
.
(Distance), ,
(. 7.28), ,
1050 . ,
50 .
. 7.26
650
. 7.28

. 7.27
. (Specify On
screen) (Rotation) (Scale),

(Insert).

.
, ,
350 , 100 .
, 500,
X, 2, Y
3.5.
,
, . , ,
, . , ,
.
(coordinate filter).

( ). ,
, , ,
AutoCAD, X Y
. AutoCAD
260

.
, .
1. ,
.
2. 720 ( , ).
3. (Insert),
(Name) (Insert)
500
(Specify Onscreen), .
4.
.X ( ,
X). AutoCAD of, ,
, X.
5. ,
, . 7.29. (
,
,
.)
261
0).
(. 7.30)
(
, ).
. 7.30 , Y
Y
7. 2 X.
8. 3.5 Y.
9. 90 .
.
10.
720 (. 7.31).
Work071.dwg,
Work072.dwg.
7.4.
. 7.29 , X

6. , AutoCAD ,
,
( YZ: (need YZ:)), ,
Y ( Z ,

. ,
.
,
X Y.

,
500,
262
263
7. ,
, Enter .
8. ,
(Refedit).
9.
, ,
(. 7.32).
. 7.31
, . ,
,
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
. , , , ,
, , ,
. , .
AutoCAD .
(Insert),
500 OK.
,
Enter ,
.
,
,

(Tools Xref and Block Inplace Editing Edit
Reference Inplace) ).
AutoCAD
.
(Reference Edit)
(Prompt
to select nested objects) OK.
(Reference Edit) ,
.
. 7.32
,

10. , ,
10 , . ,

.
11.
(Save Refe
rence Edit) (Refedit)

(Tools Xref and Block Inplace
Editing Close Reference)
(REFCLOSE).
264
12. OK.
13. ,
. , .
14. ,
,
(. 7.33).
. 7.33
265
, ,
.
1. ,
758.
2. ,
.
3. ,
, , 758.
4. , :
, , ,
. ,
Delete
, ,
. 7.34.
500
7.5.
, ,
. , ,

.
. ,
,
.
,
,
dwg ,
AutoCAD.
.
, ,
,
. ,
. 7.34
5. ,
, .
6. (Zoom Extents)
.
.
7. (WBLOCK) (W)
( (WBLOCK) AutoCAD,
,
AutoCAD).
8. (Write Block)
(Source)
266

(Block)
(. 7.35). (Destination), ,
.
267
15. .dwg
(Open). (Name).
16. , (Specify On
screen) (Insertion point),
(Specify Onscreen) (Scale)
(Rotation), OK.
17.
(. 7.36).
. 7.35
(Write Block)
9. , (Write Block)
(Unitless), OK
(Write Block).
10. , ,
( .dwg).
11. Work072.dwg,
.
12. Work062.dwg. ,
,
Work071.dwg Work072.dwg.
Work081.dwg (
).
13. ,
, (
, ).
14. (Insert Block),
(Insert)
(Name) ( ),
(Browse).
. 7.36
18.
Work081.dwg.
, Work072.dwg
(, )
.

Work081.dwg
. , (Work071.dwg
Work072.dwg), 12,

.
269
,
, , . ,
, ( ),
. , AutoCAD,
,
.

, , ,
, .
, ,
NNNN, , (
,
, ).

.
,
. ,

,
.
. ,

.
. , :
( ) (
). , ,
, .
, , , ,

.

( ,
) ( ),
.
. AutoCAD (view),

AutoCAD ,
(top view). , ,
, ,
AutoCAD.
8.1.
, (
), .
, : ,

, . ,

,
(. 8.1).
, ,
. ,
, .
. 8.1
270
1. Work081.dwg,
.
2. (LAYERS),
( 96) .
3. ,

(OFFSET) 3000 .
4. ,
. (ZOOM EXTENTS) ( )
.
5. (LAYCUR)
, .
6. (Zoom Real
time) ,

, . 8.2.
271
),
. ,
. 8.3.
. 8.3
,
,
, (
, ).
8.1.1.
(Copy)
(Move)
. 8.2
7. . 8.1, (
18, 320, 622, 720, 758, 1036, 1188, 1276 1358 ),
(OFFSET)
.
8. (Offset),
1620, 1740 .
, (
,
(Line) .
,

(grip). ,
, .

, AutoCAD.
1. , (Endpoint),

.
2. ,
.
272
3. ,
. ,
.
** ** (** STRETCH **)
[ ///
] (Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]).
4. , , ,
(Stretch).
.
(Stretch) ,
.
5. ,
(Move). ,
, AutoCAD

( (Stretch), (Move),
(Rotate), (Scale), (Mirror)).
6. ,
(Move), (COPY)
(C) (Copy) .
. ,
, (Copy),
, . ,

,
(Copy).
7.
, ,
,
(. 8.4).
8. .
,
.
. (EXIT) X
(Move),
Esc .
(. 8.5), .
:
, , ,
. ,

( , (Stretch),
).
. 8.4
. 8.5
273
, ,
.
,
AutoCAD . ,
, ,
, 7, .
274
, ,
.
,

(Stretch), (Move), (Rotate),
(Scale) (Mirror). , ,
,
. ,
, ,

. ,
,
(Copy), .
, , , , ,
, ,
. (Rotate)
(Copy) .
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
1. AutoCAD, ,
.
2. ,
.
3. ,
. (
,
. 8.6.)
4. ,
.
5. X.
6. Esc.
.

,
.

. 8.6
275
. ,
,
,
.

AutoCAD,
. , ,
, ,
.
8.1.2.

(Extend)
(T
rim)
(Trim)
,
,
,
. ,
, .
1. 320,
.
2. (Extend)
, .
3.
,
.
4. ,
, ,
,
(. 8.7).
5. (Trim)
, 18 622,
, (. 8.8).
6. Enter ,
, 0 622.
7. , 18,
.
8. Enter (TRIM).
, . 8.9.
9. ,
.
10. (Offset) 18
320, 622 758, 18
.
276
. 8.9
. 8.7 ,
,

. 8.10
. 8.8

18
(. 8.10).
11. , . 8.11,
, .
277
18
. , (TRIM)
. (UNDO) (U),
. .
12. ,
,
278
279
15. . 12
,

, . 8.13. (
2
.)
. 8.11
. 8.13
,
(Extend)
.
, ,

(Trim).
. 8.12
, ,
, . 8.12.
13. 100 ,
18 .
14.

.
8.1.3.

, .
1. 320 1090.
2. (Line) (Snap to Perpen
dicular),

, 758
( ), . 8.14.
280
. 8.14
3. ,
,
.
4. (Move),

, ,
.
5. 18 ,
1036, 1188 1276 . ,
. 8.15.
6. (Trim),
, (. 8.16).
,
(Zoom Window),
(Zoom Previous).
7. 18 ,
1358 ,
(. 8.17).
8. (Extend),
, ,
, .
,
(
, ).
9. (Mid
point), (Snap to Perpendicular)
281
. 8.15 ,
>,
. 8.16 >,

(Line), ,
(. 8.18).
10.
9 , ( ,
).
282
283
),

. ,
. 8.19.
. 8.17
. 8.19
1358
13. , , ,
1090 .
14. ,
, ,
,
(. 8.20).
15. 18 , 1620 ,

, ,
(. 8.21).
. 8.18
8.1.4.
11. ,
, 1358 (
),
.
12. 100 ,
1188 , 18 (

(, , ):
,
, ,
,
.
284
285
2.
, ,
(. 8.22).

.
. 8.20
. 8.22
. 8.21

, ,
, .dwg.
1. (Midpoint)
(Snap to Perpendicular), ,
.
3. (Insert Block) (,
(I)),
( , (Browse),
).
4. , (Specify On
Screen) (Insertion point)
(Specify OnScreen) (Scale)
(Rotation), OK.
5. (Midpoint),
, 34
, . 1.
6. , . 35
(. 8.23)
. 34
.
7. , . 2, .
286
. 8.23

(Midpoint)
287
. 8.24

.
.
, ,
. ,
.
1. , , ,
720.
2. (Line) (Snap to Perpen
dicular)
,
.
3.
(. 8.24).
4. ,
,
.
5.
, . 23, ,
( ),
, (. 8.25).
. 8.25
, ,

6. ,
, ,
.
7.
4 .
288

, 6
.
(. 8.26).
. 8.26

8. , ,
, (. 8.27).
. 8.27
289
9. (Make Block) (,
B) 50.
,
.
, , (
14 ).
10. ,
(Convert to Block) OK
.
11. ,
.
, ,
.
12. (Insert Block)
(Insert) 50,
OK .
13. (Snap to Intersection)
(Object Snap) ,
,

.
14. .
15. . 1214
(. 8.28).
. 8.28

290
16. 70 ,
18 .
17. ,
, ,
. 16, ,
. 8.29.
. 8.29
18. .
19. 720, 1090.
20. .

, .
21. ,

, (Insert Block).
22. ,
.
, .
, Y
.
23. (Explode) (,
X)
.
24. ,
, 50
291
, ( 6 ).
, 50 (
).
25. , (Insert)
Y -1
(. 8.30).
. 8.30
50
26. 50,

Y, 1.
27. , ,
, ,
(. 8.31).
28. ,
, ,
.
29.

50.
30. (Explode)
5
.

.
292
. 8.31
31. 60,
,
Y.
32. 30 ,
,
,
. ,
, 20
(. 8.32).
,
1090 720 .
. 8.32
1. ,
.
2. 130 2 ,
15
(. 8.33).

(Array)

. ,
Array,
(array)
,
. (rectangular),
, (polar),
.
,
.
293
. 8.33
>
294
3. (Array),
(Array) (Modify),
(Modify Array)
(ARRAY) (AR).
4. (Array)
(Rectangular Array).
(Rows) (
, ).
, 20 (
(ARRAY)).
5. (Columns) 1,
. (Row
offset) -17 (
, 15 , 2
), (Co
lumn offset) 0.
6. (Select objects)
,
. (Array)
(Preview) (. 8.34).
7. (Preview).
(Array) ,
(Array) : (Accept),
(Modify) (Cancel) (. 8.35).
. 8.35
. 8.34
(Array)
295
8. . 4 20
, (Modify)
(Rows), ,
, (Preview).
9. (Rows) (
29), (Accept).
.
.
Work081.dwg,
, ,
Work082.dwg.
296
8.2.
, ,
. ,
.
.
,
(, )
, , , ,
. ,
, NNNN,

.
, . ,
. , ,
,

. ,
, ,
,
, ,
. , ,
. ,

().
4.
5.
6.
7.
297
(Polar Tracking)
(Drafting Settings)
(F10) (Polar Tracking On (F10))
(Increment angle) 45. OK.
, (OTRACK)
, (ORTHO)
.

(OSNAP) (Settings),
,
(Endpoint), (Quadrant), (Midpoint)
(Center).
(Line)
.
45 (
AutoCAD 315).
, 4400, Enter.
(. 8.36).
8.2.1.

, .
1. (Pan
Realtime) ,
.
,
, ,
45 .
,
, .
2. 146.
,
.
3. (POLAR)
(Settings).
. 8.36
315
8. (ORTHO)

(Line) , ,
.
9. ,
,
298
.
.
10. (Trim)
.
.
.
. (fence) ,
,
.
(crossing window), .
11. , (ORTHO),
(FENCE) (F).
(Snap to None)
(Object Snap) ,
.
(Snap to None) ,
,
( ),
. ,
,
(. 8.37). ,
.
299
(Snap to None) (Object Snap).

.
12. Enter .
,
, .
13. (TRIM) Enter.
14. (Mirror)

.
15. (ORTHO)

.
(. 8.38).
.
,
. 8.38
, ,
.
8.2.2.
. 8.37
, ,
( X
, Y ),
90.
1. .
(View Display UCS Icon On), ,
300
.
X Y,
, W ,
(),
AutoCAD .
2. (UCS), Z, 90.
Z (,
) 90,
. , W
,
, .
3. , X Y
, , .
, .
4. 3D
(View 3D Views Plan view Current UCS).
,
. ,
, , W ,
.
.
(PLAN) , (CURRENT) (C).
5. .
6. (Zoom Windows)
, ,
(. 8.39).
7. ,

.
(UCS), (SAVE). AutoCAD
, . , ,
.
.
, . , ,
.
8. , ,
.
(View Named Views)
(VIEW).
(Named Views)
(View).
. 8.39
301
9. (View Manager)
(New).
10. (View Name) (New
View) ( ). ,
(Boundary)
(Current display). (Settings)
(Save layer snapshot with view),

( ,
). (UCS)
, . 7
. ,
OK.
11. (Model Views) (View
Manager) . ,
, (View Manager),
(Model Views)
(Set Current),
, .
12. (UCS) Enter
. (
W), 90.
13. (PLAN) Enter
,
. .
302
303
,
, (
,
,
).
8.2.3.
, ,
,
.
1. (Named Views) (,
(VIEW)),
(View Manager)
(Set Current), OK.
2. ,
( )
,
.
3. . 8.40, . 5.1 8.1,
, (. 8.41).
. 8.40
. 8.41
4. 232
( . 8.40 , ,
) (
,
,
).
5. ,
34 (
).
6. 50,
(. . 8.41).

,
, .
, .
7. ,
:
60,
, 30 .

(. 8.42).
8. ,
, .
9. , ,
, (Zoom Extents)
.
304
305
, . ,
. 8.44, .
, ,
Work083.dwg.
. 8.42
10. (. 8.43) Work082.dwg.

. 8.44 ,

,
.
. 8.43
,
. ,
. ,
, . ,
307

.

(Hatch). ,
.
.
AutoCAD ,

(Hatch).
AutoCAD ,
,
, (hatch), (gra
dient) (texture).

,
.
(rendering).
,
.
.

(shading), . ,
,

( , , ,
).
,
, , , .
,
,
,
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. ,
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,
9.1.
AutoCAD,
, .

.
1. Work081.dwg Work091.dwg.
, , ,
(OSNAP) F3,
.
2. (. 9.1)
9.1.

18
320
720
1090
1495
26
16
24
22
12
3. 320
320, .
4. , 320
.
5. (Hatch),

(Hatch) (Draw)
(Draw Hatch).
, (HATCH)
(H) (
(BHATCH), (BH) ).
6. (Hatch and Gradient) (. 9.1)
,
,
.
308
309
. 9.2
(Hatch Pattern Palette)
. 9.1
(Hatch and Gradient)
(Hatch).
(Gradient), (Hatch)
(Type) (Pattern)
(Predefined) ANSI37, .
7. (Browse),
(Pattern).
(Hatch Pattern Palette)
ANSI ANSI37 (. 9.2).
, ,
OK.
8.
(Swatch) (Hatch)
(Hatch and Gradient).
(Angle and scale), (Angle)
(Scale). ,
. ,
. (Scale)
1 4.0.
9.
10.
11.
12.
. (Scale)
0.1 2.

.
: (Add: Pick points),
.
, AutoCAD ,
, .
.
,
. ,
, , ,
, (. 9.3).
Enter (Hatch and
Gradient) (Preview),
.
, (
1, ),
: (Add: Select objects),
: (Add: Pick
points). AutoCAD (Hatch and
Gradient), ,
, .
310
311

, . 9.5.
. 9.3 AutoCAD ,

.
, ,
, . AutoCAD,
(Preview) (. 9.4).
13. ,
,
, OK
. 9.4
. 9.5
, ,
9.1.1.

. . 9.2,
AutoCAD
. , ANSI31
, ANSI32
, ANSI37
,
(), , .
ANSI35,
, .
,
, ,
, ,
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,
,
, .
. ,
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:
312
. , , ,
, , , ,
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, ISO
(Other Predefined),
. ,
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,
.
,
. , 4, ,
1,
, A4 (210 297 ).
, ,
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4 , A4, 4
.
,
A0,
, 12.
, , (
) ,
, 4.
, (
, ) ,
. , ,
1090, 1090 ,
. 9.6.
.
(Hatch and Gradient),
,

(Edit Hatch) ( ).
.

, OK
(Hatch and Gradient), Enter
(Hatch).
, ,
NNNN,
.
, .
. 9.6
313
, 1090
Work091.dwg,
.
, 1090,
Work092.dwg.
9.1.2.

, , ,
, ,
.
1. , ,
1090 (
), .
2. (Line), (ORTHO)
(Quadrant),
, ,

(. 9.7).
3. (Array) (,
c (AR)).
4. (Array)
(Polar Array).
,
(Pick Center Point).
5. (Method)
(Total number of
items & Angle between items).
314
315
8. ,
, , ,

(. 9.9).
. 9.7
6. (Total number of items) 40,

(Angle between items) 9.
(Select objects)
,
.
7. OK, ,
. 9.8.
. 9.8
. 9.9
9. ,
,
, ,
( ,
, ).
10. ,
, ,
.
, . 9.10.
11. ,
, ,
, . 9.11.

( , ,
),
Work092.dwg (. 9.12).
316
. 9.10
. 9.12
317
9.2.

. 9.11 ,
,
,
.
, ,
. ,
, AutoCAD
, .
,
(Custom)
(Hatch Pattern Palette) (. . 9.2). (
,
) .
,
AutoCAD, (custom) ,
(userdefined), ,
.
, AutoCAD
, , ,

.
(Other Predefined)
(Hatch Pattern Palette).
318
319
,
.
9.2.1.
.
1. Work071.dwg,
7, Work093.dwg.
2. ( 26) .
3. ,

.
4. (Hatch), , (H)
, (Type)
(Hatch) (Hatch and Gradient)
(User defined). ,
(Type) (Scale)
(Pattern) , (Spacing)
, .
5.
.
(Double)
, ,
.
6. (Spacing) 250.

. ,
250 250 .
7. : (Add: Pick points).
, ,
,
.
8. Enter (Hatch and Gra
dient), (Preview).
(. 9.13),

. , , ,
.
.
9. Esc ,
(Cancel)
(Hatch and Gradient) .
10. ,
,
(Line) (Endpoint).
. 9.13
11. SNAPBASE,
(Midpoint)
.
.
12. . 18.
, ,

13. ,
.
, . 9.14.
. SNAPBASE , , ,
AutoCAD.
.
SNAPBASE (0,0). ,
.
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
SNAPBASE.
9.2.2.
,
.
1. ( 16) .
320
. 9.14 ,

2.
,
.
3. (Hatch),
(Type) (Predefined).
4. (Pattern) ARHBONE.
(Scale) 0.5,
(Angle) 90.
.
,
1 ( 33 ).
, , 1.
5. . AutoCAD
.
, ,
.
.
6. , AutoCAD
, Enter
7. (Preview) ,
, Enter OK.
,
(. 9.15).
. 9.15
321
9.2.3.

, .
ANSI38,
ANSI35. ,
, ,
.
10, 4.
, . 9.16.
Work093.dwg.
9.3.

(Edit Hatch)

. , ,
, ,
.

(Modify Object Hatch)
(HATCHEDIT) (HE).

322
. 9.16
Super Hatch
323
(Edit Hatch)
Edit Hatch
II (Modify II).

(Edit Hatch). . 9.17,
(Hatch and Gradient),
. ,
(Edit Hatch) Re
create boundary,
.
(Edit Hatch)
9.4.
Super Hatch
AutoCAD Express Tools,
Super Hatch,
.
Express Draw
Super Hatch SUPERHATCH.
SuperHatch (. 9.18)
( Image),
( Block), ( Xref Attach)
(wipeout) ,
( Wipeout).
. 9.17
(Edit Hatch)
, Super Hatch ,
, ,
. ,
. 9.19
Super Hatch
,
. ,
Super Hatch
,
. ,
, ,
, ,

.
. 9.18
SuperHatch
324
. 9.19
Super Hatch

,
(, . .).
10
, ,
, .
,
, .
, .
AutoCAD
:
;
;
.
AutoCAD
. , ,
,
, ,
. ,
(single line text)
. ,
. ,
.

(multiline text), AutoCAD
.
, , ,
, ,
(text style). ,
,
.
, AutoCAD
, 11.
326
327
,
AutoCAD
. ,
, .
10.1.
AutoCAD : , ,
, ,
. .
, ,
. ,
, , .
,
, , . , , ,
5 , 1:100 5 .
, 4
,
40 . AutoCAD
, ,
. , 4
1:100 400 .
4
1:10 40 .
,
, .
13. ,
1:10.
, 7
70 .
AutoCAD Standard.
1. , Work092.dwg.
2. ,
,
Work101.dwg.
3. 76
.
4. (Format Text
Style) (STYLE)
(ST). (Text)
(Text Style) .

(Text
Style)
Standard (. 10.1).
. 10.1 (Text Style)

AutoCAD
5. (New).
(New Text Style)
1 (style1) 10
OK (New Text Style).
6. (Text Style), ,
10 .
,
. (Font)
(Font Name).
,
AutoCAD, Windows.
7. romand.shx .
, (Font Name) txt.shx
.
8. (Height) (Font)
0.0 100.0 (
, 1:10
, 10 ).
9. (Oblique Angle)
(Effects) 0.0
15.0 (
).
10. (Apply),
(Text Style).
10
,
,
.
328
11. (Close),
(New) .
12. (New Text Style)
7 OK.
7 , (Text
Style) .
13. ,
. romans.shx,
, (Height) 70.0.
14. (Apply). 7
.
10 .
(Style Name)
(Close).
, : 10 ,
, 7 ,
.
10 . ,
.
7 ,
(Text Style) .
. (Height)
0.0 (, , Standard . 10.1),
,
,
.
.
,
AutoCAD .
10.2.
,
, ,
, ,
, .
10.2.1.
(Single Line TText)
ext)
, ,
.
,
.
329
1. ,

(. 10.2).
. 10.2
2. 1000
.
3. (Draw
Text Single Line Text)
(Single Line Text) (Text) (

(TEXT) (DTEXT),
(DT)). (Single Line Text),
.
4.
,
.
.
,
, .
(JUSTIFY) (J) ,
(DTEXT) .
5.
. (CENTER)
(C) .
6. AutoCAD .
Shift , ,
330

. 10.3
331
.
(. 10.3).
7.
(Intersection)
,
. 1 2.
8.
Enter,

0. ,
, I
.
. . 10.3,
,

Shift,
, (Osnap Settings),

(Drafting Settings). ,
(Point Filters),
.
9. (. 10.4) Enter.
,
.
10. Enter
(Single Line Text), .
, ,
.
, ,
, .
,
.
10.2.2.

,
, .
.
(, . .).
, , ,
. 10.4

,
.
1. 1495 1495,
, .
2. ,
1495 ,
.
3. : ,
,
,
300 (. 10.5).
4. 0,
.
5.
100 , 100
.
6.
(. 10.6).
7.
.
8. 1495 ,
,
(. 10.7).
9. ,
1495 ,
332
. 10.5
. 10.6
(. 10.8).
1495.
10. AA,
, . 10.9. AA
,
.

333
. 10.7 1495 ,

. 10.8
, ,
(JUSTIFY) (DTEXT), (RIGHT)
(R).
.
,
,
.
334
335
, ,

(Properties).
14. (Justify) (Pro
perties) (Bottom center).
, . 10.11.
. 10.9
11.
160 ,
,
AA.
12. ,
, 1495 (. 10.10).
13. ,
.
. 10.11
(Properties)
15. (Properties)
. ,
, (. 10.12),
,
.
10.2.3.
. 10.10
, ,
,
. , ,
, ,
,
. , ,
, (justification point).
,
(Snap to Intersection).
(DTEXT) (TEXT),
,
336
337
. 10.13 ,

. 10.12
. , , AutoCAD
, , ,
,
, .
, (DTEXT)
(TEXT) (JUSTIFY), AutoCAD
.
[//////
///////]:
(Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/
MR/BL/BC/BR]:)

. 10.13.
(ALIGN) (FIT)
,
, .
. (ALIGN) AutoCAD
, . ,
, .

, AutoCAD
, .
(FIT) AutoCAD ,
. , (ALIGN),
AutoCAD (FIT) .
, ,
.
(ALIGN) (FIT)
, ,
,
.
(CENTER) AutoCAD
, .
, ,
.
(MIDDLE) (CENTER) ,
, .
,
, (MIDDLE)
.
(MIDDLE) (MC) ( )
, ,
. 10.13. (RIGHT)
, , ,
, .
(RIGHT)
.
(TL), (TC) (TR)
( (Top)) ,
, . AutoCAD
,

. (ML), (MC) (MR)
( (MIDDLE)).
, ,
, (MC) (MIDDLE)
.
(BL), (BC) (BR)
338
. (BC),
(Justify) (Properties) (Bottom
center), ,
.
, , ,
(Bottom
center). ,
(Bottom left),
(Bottom right). . 10.13,
, (Properties).
10.2.4.
339
5. ,
, 1090
,
.
6. . ,
, (
), ,
. ,
(Bottom center)
(Bottom left), ,
. 10.15.
, ,
, .
,
.
1. 1495, 1090
.
2. 1090 ,
, 1495.
3. 1090
,
0, 1495,
.
4. 1090
(. 10.14).
. 10.15

. 10.14
, 1090,

7. ,
(STRETCH) (MOVE).

, AutoCAD ,
1090 (. 10.16),
.
8. .

(Modify Object Text Edit)

(Edit) (Text)
(DDEDIT) (ED).
340
. 10.16
(MOVE)
9. (DDEDIT)

. A,
. Backspace
, Enter, Enter
(DDEDIT).
10. ,
, . 59, .
11. , AA,
.
12. ,
, .
,
. 10.17.
.
(Properties), (Contents)
(Text) .
( ,
, 758 ,
, 758 )
Work101.dwg.
, , ,
, ,
Work102.dwg. ,
. 10.17
341
.
. ,
,
,
.
,
.
10.3.
, ,
1:10. ,
( 3000 4500 ),
, A2
(420 594 ) .
10.3.1.
(Rectangle)
,
A2,
, .
1. 7
.
342
343
2. (Rectangle) (,
(REC)). AutoCAD
0,0.
3. AutoCAD .
4200,5940 ( A2, 10 ).
(RECTANG)
, ,
.
4.
(Pan Realtime) (Zoom Realtime)

(. 10.18).
. 10.19
. 10.18
, ,

5. ,
( ),
( ).
, ,
.
6.
,
(STRETCH) (MOVE).
7. ,
, . 10.19. ,
Esc
.
8.
(Zoom Extents).
9. ,
20 ,
5 . 1:10
200 50 .
50 (OFFSET).
10. (Explode),
,
150 .
11. ,
(Fillet)

,
.
12.

(polyline).
, .
(Mo
dify Object Polyline).
13. AutoCAD .
. AutoCAD
, ,
, . (YES)
Enter .
344
345
14. AutoCAD .
(JOIN) (J)
.
, . 10.20,
Enter .
. 10.21
. 10.20

15. . ,
,
.
16. , (Properties),

Standard. (Geometry)
(Properties) (Global width)
0 15. ,
15 ,
1:10 1.5 .
17. (Properties) Esc,
, .
, . 10.21.
10.3.2.
(Polyline)

, ,
A2
. ,
: ;
; ( );
, ; ; ;
;
, .
, ,
1, 55 185 .
,

(Polyline).
, 4,
(Rectangle), ,
(poly
line). ,
,
. ,
,
.
.
, (
)
(Polyline).
(Explode), ,
,
, .
346
, ,
.
1. ,
. ,
(Explode),
(Perpendicular).
2. (Polyline),
(Draw Polyline)
(Polyline) (Draw).
(Polyline)
(PLINE) (PL).
3. AutoCAD .
, (ORTHO), ,
(Snap From),
.
4. AutoCAD .
, AutoCAD 180,
1850 (185 1:10). ,
1850 (. 10.22).
. (WIDTH)
(W) .
6. AutoCAD . 15,
1:10
1.5 .
Enter,
15 .
7. AutoCAD
. 550 (55
1:10). ,
AutoCAD .
8. ,
.
AutoCAD ,
, Enter
. (. 10.23).
15 ,
.
. 10.23
. 10.22
5. ,
.
, 0.
AutoCAD
347
9. (Polyline),
.

. AutoCAD 0, 650

.
348
10. (Perpen
dicular),
, Enter
(PLINE).
11. AutoCAD,
, ,
50 (. 10.24).
12. (OFFSET) . 11
9 , 50
,
. ,
.
100, 150, 230
100 , ,
.
13. , ,
.
, . 12, ,
, (Properties)
(Global
width) (Geometry) 7.5 (. 10.24).
14. e (Properties) ,
(PLINE) ,
349
.
, 150
.
,
, . ,
Enter (PLINE).
15. 250 ,
(PLINE) ,
(Temporary track point), .

500 .
,
, . 14
(OFFSET). , Enter
(PLINE).
, . 10.25.
. 10.25

. 10.24
(Properties)
16. ,
, 50
, . 15.

,
.
150 .
350
17. ,
, 180

, . 15, .

,
, . 16
.
18. , . 17,
.
170, 50 50 .
, ,
(Properties) 7.5 ,
(Properties) .
, . 10.26.
351
(. 10.27).
. 10.27
10.3.3.

. 10.26
19. , ,
.
20. ,
, 300
,
. 14, .

,
.

, ,
( 10 7
)
, .
1. (Text Style) (,
ST).
2. (Text Style)
(New) 2.5 .
3. (Text Style)
(New Text Style),
romans.shx, 25 . 15
(Oblique Angle),
(Width Factor) 0.5,
.
4. (Apply),
(Close). 2.5 .
5. ,
, (Single
Line Text) (, ).
352
353
(Snap to None),
,
( ).
6. Enter,
.,
. Enter
(DTEXT).
. ,
, .
()
.
7. (COPY),
, . 10.28.

.
(Intersection)
, . 10.28,
.
. 10.29

, , , . 10.30,

Work102.dwg.

,
.
. 10.28
(Intersection)
8. Enter,
(Edit) (, (ED))
, ,
, ,
. 10.29.
. 10.30

354
10.4.
,

, . ,

: , ,
, . .; ,
, ; , ;
;
; ; ;
; ;
.
,
, .
,
185 ( ).
,
,
,
.
, AutoCAD
.
, .
, ,
, ,

.
.
11, ,
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.
1. , ,

, ,
.
2. (Multiline Text),
(Multiline Text)

(Draw),
(Draw Text Multiline Text)
(MTEXT) (MT).
355
3.
, AutoCAD
.
,
.
4. ,
, (. 10.31).
. 10.31
5. AutoCAD
.
,
.
7 (. 10.32)
, Enter .
1. s=18 . D381 SE
(KRONOSTAR).
2. , 7200M (ROMA).
3. 339-Pc, (REI). ,
.
4. ,
, .
6. ,
,
. .
35 . ,
(. 10.33).
356
357
8. , ,
Arial,
(Text Formatting),
0.8 (. 10.34).
. 10.34
,
. 10.32
. 10.33
,
7. 3.5 .
35 ,
,
.
9. OK (Text Formatting) (
) Ctrl+Enter.
10. .
,
. , ,
, .
11. , .
AutoCAD
,
(Text Formatting). ,
,
(Modify
Object Text Edit) (Edit)
(Text). AutoCAD ,
(DDEDIT) (MTEDIT).
. (MTEDIT)
, ,
(MTEDIT) ,
(ED) (DDEDIT) . AutoCAD

.
358
(
,
),
(. 10.35) Work103.dwg.
11
. 10.35

AutoCAD,
, AutoCAD
.
, ,
, .
, ,
,
, ,
. , ,

, ,
,
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,
, , ,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
, , ,

.
11.1.
, acadiso.dwt,
ISO25. ,
, AutoCAD,
,
.
360
1. Work103.dwg
Work111.dwg.
2. ,
,
.
3. ( 126)
, ,
(Endpoint).
4. (Dimension)
,
, . 11.1.
. ,
() , 1.
6. (Dimension Style Ma

nager) ,

ISO25. , ,

. (New),

(Dimension Style Manager).
7. (New Style Name)
(Create New Dimension Style) (. 11.2)
,
. (Start With) ,
.
ISO25,
. (Use for) ,
.
(All dimensions).
. 11.2
. 11.1 AutoCAD Work111.dwg

(Dimension)
5. (Dimension
Dimension Style)
(Dimen
sion Style) (Dimension)
(DIMSTYLE) .
361

(Create New Dimension Style)
8. (Continue)
:
(New Dimension Style: ).
(Lines),
.
9. . 11.3:
(Baseline spacing) (
,
, ) 60;
(Extend beyond dim lines) (
, )
10, (Offset from origin) (

) 0.
362
. 11.3
. 11.4
. ,
, ,
1:10.
10.
,
.
10. (Symbols and Arrows)
. 11.4:
(Arrow size) 35;
(Center marks) (Line)
(Size) 35.
11. (Text)
. 11.5: (Text style)
3.5 ; (Text height)
35; (Offset
from dim line) 10; (Text
alignment) ISO (ISO standard).
. . 11.5,

.
12. (Fit)
. 11.6:
. 11.5
363
364
365
(Fit options) (Text)

,
(Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside extension lines);
(Text placement)
(Over dimension line, with leader);
(Fine tuning)
(Draw dim line between ext lines).
. 11.7
. 11.6
13. (Primary Units)

. 11.7:
(Linear dimensions)
(Angular dimensions), (Precision) 0.
14. , . (Al
ternate Units) (Tolerance), (
,
, ,
), OK
: (New Dimension
Style: ).
15. (Dimension Style
Manager), (. 11.8).
,
. ,
(Set Current),
(Close).
16. (Text style) (,
(ST))
3.5 ,
(Close).
,
,
(Dimension), .
11.2.

, (linear dimension) (an
gular dimension). , AutoCAD
.
, ,
,
AutoCAD.
366
. 11.8
(Dimension Style Manager)
, ( , )
.
AutoCAD
, .
,
, ,
.
1. (Linear Dimension),
(Linear) (Dimension)
(Dimension Linear)
(DIMLINEAR)
(DLI).
2. AutoCAD ,
, Enter, ,
.
,
, .
(Endpoint), ,
.
3. AutoCAD . ,
.
4. AutoCAD (. 11.9).
,
.
, ,
. 11.9
367
,
3000.
5. (Linear Dimension),
AutoCAD
Enter.
6. AutoCAD ,
. ,
(. 11.10).
. 11.10
368
369
7. AutoCAD
. ,
(. 11.11).
. 11.12
. 11.11
8. .
, .
,
. ,
. 11.12.
9. (Continue Dimension),

(Continue)
(Dimension)
(Dimension Continue) (DIMCONTINUE) (DCO).
10. AutoCAD
,
,
.
(. 11.13).
11. AutoCAD 764
.
,
(. 11.14), Enter
(DIMCONTINUE).
12. , ,
(Baseline Dimension).
. 11.13
(Baseline) (Dimension)
(Dimension Base
line) (DIMBASELINE)
(DBA).
370
. 11.15
. 11.14
371
13. 764 , AutoCAD

,
764 . ,
Enter, .
14. AutoCAD
, .
3000 (. 11.15).
15. AutoCAD
.
,
(. 11.16).
16. AutoCAD 1112
. Enter

3000 .
, Enter ,
(DIMBASELINE). ,
. 11.17.
.
,
Enter (DIMCONTINUE)
,
, , .
17. , , ,

. 11.16

(Baseline spacing) (Lines)
(New Dimension Style) (. . 11.3).
(
3000 ),
, AutoCAD
, . 1184
1112 .
372
. 11.17 ,
3000
. 11.18
373
18.
. AutoCAD
.
.
,

(. 11.18). Esc
.
. ,
, ,
,
.
AutoCAD ,
( ) . ,
, ,
.
1. (Linear Dimension) (,
(DLI)) AutoCAD
,
.
2. AutoCAD
, , ,
(. 11.19).
3. AutoCAD , (
)
. 11.19
.
, .
,
AutoCAD
. ,
,
374
375

.
4. , :
[/////]:
(Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/
Vertical/Rotated]:)
,
, , AutoCAD
, . ,
.
(VERTICAL) (V).
5. AutoCAD ,

(. 11.20).
. 11.21
11.3.
. 11.20 ,
(VERTICAL)
. ,

,
,
.
, ,
. 11.21.
,
. ,
, ,
.
1. (Angular Dimension),
(Angular) (Dimension)
(Dimension Angular)
(DIMANGULAR)
(DAN).
2. AutoCAD ,
, ,
(. 11.22).
3. AutoCAD .
,
. AutoCAD ,
(. 11.23).
.
4.
(Radius Dimension).
(Radius)
(Dimension)
(Dimension Radius)
(DIMRADIUS) (DRA).
376
. 11.22
. 11.24
377
(Dimension Diame
ter) (DIMDIAMETER)
(DDI).
8. AutoCAD .
,
,
(. 11.25).
. 11.23
5. AutoCAD
,
. 11.24.
6.
.
7. .
(Diameter) (Dimension)
. ,
,
.
, ,
, , .
, . 11.26.
AutoCAD ,
. (
, )
(Quick Leader).
, ,
.
1. .
1495 ,
, A,
AA.
2.
(Quick Leader)
(Dimension)
378
379
, Enter,
(Quick Leader).
4. Enter
(Leader Settings).
(Annotations) . 11.27.
. 11.25
. 11.27 (Annotations)
(Leader Settings)
5. (Leader Line & Arrow)

. 11.28,
(Leader Settings)
OK.
. 11.26
(Dimension Leader) (QLEADER) (LE).

3. AutoCAD Enter
,
. AutoCAD ,
,
. 11.28 (Leader Line & Arrow)

(Leader Settings)
380
381
6. AutoCAD
(QLEADER),
.
(Midpoint)
.
7. AutoCAD .
(ORTHO) , (. 11.29),
135.
. 11.30 ,
(Quick Leader)
. 11.29

(Quick Leader)
,
, . . ,
, . 11.30.
( ,
, , ,
), , ,
(Dimension) ,
.
, , .
11.31, Work111.dwg.

Work112.dwg.
, ,
, AutoCAD
, .
. 11.31
11.4. ,

, . , ,
, ,
382
,
.
.
1. ,
, 352 ,
.
2. (Edit) (,
(ED)) AutoCAD
.
3. AutoCAD
352 352 *, . 11.32.
383
.
,
, .
(Text override) <> * (. 11.33).
.
. 11.33
(Properties)
. 11.32

4. OK (Text Formatting),
Enter .
5. ,
(Properties),
(Properties) (Properties)
Standard (
).
6. (Properties) (Text),
(Text override).
<>. ,
.
, AutoCAD
7. (Properties),
Esc ,
, .
8. 1276, 344
432 , .

.
9. *
(. 11.34).
10. (DDEDIT),
AutoCAD 70 ,

.
11. , AutoCAD ,
,
(Symbol) (Text Formatting).

12. / (Plus/Minus).
, .
384
385
70 . ,
, ,
,
(. 11.36).
. 11.34
15 OK
(Text Formatting) .
13. Enter (DDEDIT).

15 (. 11.35).
,
, . 11.35
. 11.35
. 11.36 ,
,
,
,
, ( )
(. 11.37). AutoCAD
,
, ,
.
, AutoCAD (override)
. , ,
70 , .
1. (Dimension Style),
(Dimension)
(D).
2. (Dimension Style
Manager) ,
(Override).
3.
: (Override Current Style: ),
.
386
387
4. OK
: (Override Current Style: ).
5. (Dimension Style Mana
ger), ,
<> (<style overrides>) (. 11.39).
(Description)
, .
. 11.37
, ,

(Fit) (Fit options)

, (Sup
press arrows if they dont fit inside extension lines) (. 11.38).
. 11.39

6. (Close)
(Dimension Style Manager).
,
,
.
7.
(Dimension Update)
(Dimension)
(Dimension Update)
(DIMSTYLE) APPLY.
. 11.38 (Fit)
(Override Current Style)
. , (DIMSTYLE)
. AutoCAD ,
.
, , (ARRAY) (ARRAY),
(BLOCK) (BLOCK) . ,
, ,
,
388

. (Dimension Update)
APPLY, A,
(DIMSTYLE).
8. AutoCAD , .
70 Enter .
,
(. 11.40).
. 11.40

9.
(Dimension Style Manager), ,
, (Set Current).
10. AutoCAD ,

. OK
,
(Close).
. , ,
, (Dimen
sion Style Manager) <> (<style overrides>)
.
(Save to Current Style),
.
389
, ,
(Dimension Override)
(DIMOVERRIDE)
(DOV) ( (Dimension)
). Enter AutoCAD,
,
.
, .
,
(Dimension Style Manager) ( ),
(New) .
(User for) (. . 11.2) .
(New Style Name) ,

, , , . 11.41.
. 11.41 ,

. ,
,
.
,
. ,
, ,

Delete. , ,
, ,
, .
. (Di
mension),
(. 11.42) Work112.dwg.
390
12
. 11.42

, ,
AutoCAD,
, . ,
,
.

(External References Xref).
, . ,
dwg,
,
. ,
, .
, , ,
, .
,
, , ,
.
, ,

, , ,
,
.
, ,
, (
), . , 7
,
.
. ,
,
, .
, ,
392
,
.
12.1.

, ,
, 7.
.
1. Work071.dwg ChRoom121.dwg.
2. 0, .
3.
(Edit Select All) Ctrl+A
, .
4. . 2 3 , 1495, 1090,
758, 720, 320, 18, .
5. , , . 4,
.
6. 0, , .
7. (. 12.1).
. 12.1
, ,

,
,
7. ,
,
393
. , , ,

X Y, (
, , ).

(External References).
(Insert External Referen
ces)
(External References)
(Reference).
(XREF) (XR) (EXTERNAL
REFERENCES) (ER).
. (XREF) AutoCAD 2007
, (XREF) (EXTERNAL
REFERENCES) .
, (XREF) ( (XR))
(XREF), (EXTERNAL
REFERENCES) . .
(Reference),
. , ,
, ,
,
. , (Reference)
, ,
.
, (Reference).
1.
7 ( (white)) .
2. , Work111.dwg
Work121.dwg
3. 0 Work121.dwg ,
.
4. , 0 ( ,
),
, 0 .
, ,
.
5. Work121.dwg .
6. (External References), ,
(XR) (ER).
DWG (Attach DWG),
7.
8. (Select
Reference File) Work121.dwg , ,
(Open).
394
395
9. (External Reference),
. 12.2, ,
. , ,
,

.
(Insertion oint), (Scale) (Rotation)
, . 12.2, . ,
(Path type) (No path),

.
. 12.3
Work121.dwg ChRoom121.dwg

ChRoom121.dwg, ,
Work121.dwg. ,

, (. 12.4).
. 12.2 (External Reference)

Work121.dwg
10. , (External Refe

rence) . 12.2, OK.
11. ,
(
), .
, . 12.3.
,
, ,
. ,
. ,
, .
1. (Layer Properties
Manager).
. ,
, ,
. ,
, .
2. Work121|_, Work121|
.
. . 12.4,
(Layer Properties Manager), , ,
,
.
3. .
,
. 12.5.
4. (
),
,
.
(Layer Pro
perties Manager).
396
397
5. Work121| . Ctrl
, , .
, Ctrl
146. ,
, . OK.
, Work121.dwg
ChRoom121.dwg, .
, Work121.dwg ,
, ,
, ,
.
12.2.
. 12.4
Work121.dwg ,
, .
Work121.dwg,
, ,
. ,
,
.
1. AutoCAD VISRETAIN.
,
, 1, Enter,
, 1.
.
2. ChRoom122.dwg.
12.2.1.
. 12.5

.
1. Work121.dwg.
2. ( 244)
, , .
3. , . 12.6.
4. (Rectangle).

(Snap From).
5. AutoCAD .
, . 12.7.
6. .
(Temporary track
point) , . 7,
.
398
. 12.6
. 12.8
399

, ,
AutoCAD (. 12.9), 150.
9. @400,-300. AutoCAD ,
.
. 12.7
(Snap From)
7. AutoCAD ,
.
, AutoCAD
(. 12.8), 182.
8. AutoCAD

(Snap From), . . 9
. 12.9 (Snap From)

,
400
401
10. Enter
(RECTANG)
.
11. @400,50.
, . 12.10.
. 12.11
. 12.10
12. (Fillet)
(RADIUS) (R) .
13. AutoCAD 100. AutoCAD

. (POLYLINE) (P)
.
14. AutoCAD .
.
100 (. 12.11).
15. . 1416 ,
100 25 .
16. (Trim) ,
,
,
. , . 12.12.
Work121.dwg
ChRoom122.dwg.
17. Work121.dwg (
,
. 12.12
). Work121.dwg
ChRoom122.dwg ,
.
(Window) \ChRoom122.dwg
Ctrl+F6 ChRoom122.dwg.
18. , ,
, (. 12.13). ,
402
403
. 12.14

. 12.13
,

. (Reload)
Work121 , ,
. , .
AutoCAD , .
,
,
,
1. (External References) (,
(XR) (ER)).
2. Work121, . 12.14,

(Refresh),
DWG (Attach DWG).
3. (Status)
(Loaded) (Needs reloading).

Work121
(Reload).
4. (Status)
(Needs reloading) (Loaded).
,
(. 12.15).
5. ,
, ChRoom122.dwg.
. 12.15
404
405
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
12.2.2.

, ,
, ,
.
,
.
.
1. Ctrl+F6 ,
Work121.dwg, , Ctrl+F4.
ChRoom122.dwg.
2.
(Tools Xref and Block
InPlace Editing Edit Reference InPlace)

(Edit Reference InPlace)
(Refedit)
(REFEDIT).
3. AutoCAD ,
, .
,
.
4. (Reference Edit)
(Reference name)
(Identify Reference) Work121.dwg,
, .
,
(Reference name).
Work121 (. 12.16) OK.
5. ,
, ( ). ,
, AutoCAD
. ,
AutoCAD
(Refedit),
(. 12.17).
, ,
. 12.16
(Reference Edit)
. 12.17
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(Refedit)

.
,
(STRETCH) (MOVE). (COPY)
(C) .

(. 12.18).
, Enter
, Esc
.
,
(Rotate) ( (ROTATE))
(ROTATE),

.
,

(Save Reference Edits)
(Refedit).

(Tools Xref and Block InPlace Editing Save Reference
Edits) (REFCLOSE).
406
407
. , ,
,
( , Work121.dwg), AutoCAD
(. . 12.13) ,
. , ,
,
.
( ,
)
.
12.3.
. 12.18

11. ,
, OK.
12. AutoCAD ,
. (. 12.19)
ChRoom122.dwg.
. 12.19

,
.
,
.
,
(External Reference) (. . 2.2)
(Path type) (No path).
,
. , AutoCAD
, .
, (Saved
path), , . 2.2.
(Path type)
(Full path), AutoCAD
,
, .
(Saved path),
, (Found
in) ( ).
(Path type) (Relative
path), (Saved path)
, ,
(External Reference).
,
(. 12.20).
,
AutoCAD ,
, .
, ,
( , ,
. .), AutoCAD .
408
. 12.20
. AutoCAD ,
,
,
( , ,
). ,
(Manage Xrefs)
, AutoCAD
, .

, .

(External References),
, (Status)
(Not Found) (. 12.21).
, AutoCAD
, -
(Xref) .
. .
1. ChRoom122.dwg.
2. , Work121.dwg,
, , Ref
Work121.dwg .
3. ChRoom122.dwg. ,
, AutoCAD
.
(Manage Xrefs) ,
. 12.21
409
AutoCAD , ,

, ()
.
, .
,
(. 12.22).
4. ,
- Work121.dwg (Xref Work121.dwg)
(. 12.23).
. 12.22 , ,

410
. 12.23
5. F2 AutoCAD.

, Work121.dwg
. F2 .
6. (External References)
, ,
,
(Found at) (Details),
. (Found
at) +++ (. 12.24).
7.
(Select new path) Ref
Work121.dwg.
8. (Select new path)
(Open), AutoCAD ,
,
.
(External References) (. 12.25).
ChRoom122.dwg
.
. , ,
,
. ,
,
,
() .
. 12.24 (External References)

(Details)
. 12.25 (External References)

(Details)
411
13

. ,
, AutoCAD
. ,
, ,
(layout).
, AutoCAD
, Windows.
Autodesk
, ,
, ,
.
.

,

. ,
.
AutoCAD ,

. ,
, .
,

. ,
413
, (
, 1:10), , ,
(, . .). ,
1:1,
.
, ,
, 1:1.
.
,
(, ,
, . .) ,
. ,
10 11,
.
13.1.
10 ,
A2, 11
1:10.
, ,
(Work111.dwg),
.
, ,

.
13.1.1.
,
A2 (420 594 ).
1. Work111.dwg. , ,
, ,
1:10.
, , , 4200 5940 .
,
1:10. , ,
1:72? ,

AutoCAD . , ,
,
.
2. ,
Work131.dwg.
414
415
3. ( 116) .
4. 1 (Layout1) (. 13.1),
(
(Model)).
. 13.2

. 13.1
N (LayoutN)
. AutoCAD,
, , 1, 2, , N
Layout1, Layout2, , LayoutN.
5. (Page
Setup Manager) (page
setup) , .
,
, . 13.2.
6. (New)
(New page setup name)
(New Page Setup) Work131A2.
7. OK, AutoCAD
1 (Page Setup Layout1). / (Printer/
plotter) (Name) ,
A2 (, DesignJet 755CM C3198B),
(Paper size) .
(Drawing orientation)
(Portrait) (. 13.3).
8. OK
(Page Setup Manager).
(Page Setups)
*1*
Work131A2. ,
(Set Current), .
, , 1
Work131A2 (. 13.4).
9. (Close). AutoCAD 1
(. 13.5).
13.1.2.
(P
APER) (MODEL)
(PAPER)

,
. . . 13.5,
,
(
, ).
,
(viewport). AutoCAD
416
. 13.4
(Page Setup Manager)
Work131?A2,
1
. 13.3
1 (Page Setup Layout1)
.
, .
, ,

.
,
. 1 (Layout1).
(Model) 1 (Layout1), ,
,
1.
,
. , ,
. ,

. ,
. ,
.
AutoCAD
, .
,
. 13.5
417
418
. ,
,
, .
(paper space). , ,
, .
,
(PAPER) .
1. ,
,
,
2. (PAPER).
, (PAPER)
(MODEL). ,
(model space).
,
(Model), (MODEL)
. ,
,
.
3. .
,
, ,
(. 13.6),
. ,
. 13.6
1 (Layout1) (MODEL)
419
,
. ,
(MODEL)
, .
. (Model)
,
.
,
. ,
, (MODEL),
(PAPER) .
13.1.3.

,
. ,
.
1. (MODEL),
,
,
(PAPER).
2. (Rectangle), ,
(REC).
3. , 0,0.
4. AutoCAD . 408.4,
572.4. (. 13.7),
,
( . 13.7 . 13.5).
.
, .
, 1
(Layout1),
(Page Setup Manager) (Modify) (.
. 13.4). 1 (Page Setup Layout1)
(. . 13.3) (Properties),
(Name) .
(Potter Configuration Editor).
(Device and Document Settings),
(User
defined Paper Sizes & Calibration)
(Modify Standard Paper Sizes (Printable Area)).
420
. 13.7
5.
6.
7.
8.
421

(Modify Standard Paper Sizes) ,
(Modify
Standard Paper Sizes (Printable Area))
(. 13.8).
, Esc.
1 ,
.
(OFFSET), .

(EXPLODE),
,
, .
Wpa 2 1 (Wf (5 + 20), Wpa ,
Wf .
, ,
408.4 2 1 (420 (5 + 20)) = 11.4 .
,
(TRIM)

(JOIN) (PEDIT).
(PEDIT), , (PE)
Enter ,
. (WIDTH) (W)
. 13.8
(Potter Configuration Editor)

, 1,
1 .
9. Enter (PEDIT).
10. (Model), .
13.1.4.

, , ,

. , ,
.
, , AutoCAD
, .
1.
(COPYBASE) Ctrl+Shift+C.
2. AutoCAD
(. 13.9).
422
423
6. ,
, , ,
. ,
. 13.11.
. 13.9

3. AutoCAD , .
,
(. 13.10).
4. Enter
(COPYBASE).
5. 1 (Layout1)
(PAPER) (MODEL).
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. 13.24 Work132?A3
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,
,
.
AutoCAD
,
.
, (Standard),
, (Draw)
(Modify), ,
. .16.
. ,
. .16,
(View Display UCS icon Properties).
(UCS Icon) 2D
(UCS icon style) OK. ,
AutoCAD,
.
. .16
483
AutoCAD 2008
(Draw)
(Modify), . .16,
AutoCAD
. .16,
.
,
,
,
, .
.5.3.
AutoCAD
,
,
AutoCAD.
(Customize User Interface) (. .17),
(View Toolbars)
(Tools Customize
Interface).
484
AutoCAD 2008
485
(OPTIONS) ,
(OP), (ZOOM WINDOW) p (Z W)
(.. , (Z), Enter, P (W), Enter),
(ZOOM ALL) (Z A).
. .17

. ,
AutoCAD 2008 ,
,
,
.
.6.
,
AutoCAD,

.
,
. , AutoCAD
(alias keys)
,
. ,
AutoCAD
487
AutoCAD 2009

.
.1. AutoCAD 2009

AutoCAD
Autodesk
AutoCAD 2009 ,
AutoCAD 2009 , ,
Windows XP.
AutoCAD 2009
(New Features Workshop) (. .2),
AutoCAD 2009
.
,
, AutoCAD
(Help New Features Workshop)).
AutoCAD (
2D (2D Drafting &
Annotation)), AutoCAD 2009,
(GUI
graphical user interface).
. .1
AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD 2007/2008, AutoCAD 2009

(workspace) ,
AutoCAD
AutoCAD, . AutoCAD 2009, AutoCAD 2008,
: 2D
(2D Drafting & Annotation), 3D (3D Modeling)
AutoCAD (AutoCAD Classic).
AutoCAD,

(Workspace Switching),
. .3,
AutoCAD (AutoCAD Classic), AutoCAD ,
. .3.
.2.
AutoCAD
AutoCAD 2009 (
, )
488
AutoCAD 2009
. .2
. .3 AutoCAD 2009
(Workspace Switching)
Windows. ,
AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD
489
Windows. ,
( (File), (Edit), (View), (Window)
(Help)) Windows,
AutoCAD . ,
AutoCAD , AutoCAD
( (Insert), (Format), (Tools), (Draw),
(Dimension), (Modify) Express).

(Standard), (Styles), (Workspaces),
(Layers), (Properties). ,
(Standard),
AutoCAD .
AutoCAD,
, , .
,
AutoCAD .
AutoCAD
: (Draw), (Modify).
,
, .
, AutoCAD 2009
(menu browser), Windows.
AutoCAD 2009
. ,
,
, ,
(Options) AutoCAD (Exit AutoCAD).
. AutoCAD
(drawing area). ,
,
(crosshair cursor). AutoCAD
,
.
, AutoCAD 2009,
Windows, .
AutoCAD ,
,
AutoCAD, .
,
.
AutoCAD
(Options),
.
490
1.
2.
3.
AutoCAD 2009
(Tools Options).
(Options), . .4,
.
(Options) (Display),
,
AutoCAD (. .5).
(Window Elements)
. .4
. .5
(Files) (Options)
(Display) (Options)
AutoCAD
491
. .5,
. OK
.
4.
(Crosshair size). ,
, ,
100 ( ).
.
AutoCAD ( ) ,
, ,
.
5. AutoCAD 2009,
(Color scheme) (Window
Elements) (Light),
Windows XP (
Autodesk, , ).
6. (Colors),
(Window Elements).
(Context) 2D
(Color) (White).
(Preview) (Drawing
7. (Apply & Close)
(Options).
AutoCAD ,
. ,
, AutoCAD ,
. ,
,
.
AutoCAD. ,

. (
)
X Y.
, , .
,

492
AutoCAD 2009
. .6
, ,
.
( ) AutoCAD 2009,
(. .7).
AutoCAD. ,
. ,
AutoCAD . ,

, , AutoCAD,
. ,
, .

AutoCAD.
.
(status bar).
,
, AutoCAD .
,
. ,
AutoCAD.
. .7
AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD
493
AutoCAD 2009 ,
. .3, , . .7.
,
AutoCAD ,
, ,
.
AutoCAD ,

. ,
(MODEL), .
(DUCS), (DYN) (QP),
. (DUCS)
,
(DYN) ,

. (QP)
(Quick Properties),
.
,
.
1. ,

(Use Icons),
.
2. (DUCS), (DYN) () (QP)
( , ),
, .
3. ,
,
(Status Toggles) (. .8).
4. (Status Toggles)
, (DUCS),
.
5. ,
(Status Toggles)
(F12) (Dynamic Input (F12))
(Quick Properties).
6. ,

. ,
494
AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD
495
. .8 (
. .7). #
(DUCS) ,
#
(DYN) (QP)
7.
8.
9.

AutoCAD.
,
. .8,
(Quick
View Layouts), (Quick View Drawings),
(Pan), (Zoom), (SteeringWheel),
(ShowMotion), (Annotation
Scale), (Annotation Visibility),
(AutoScale), (Workspaces)
(Display Locking).
, . .8,
(Tray Settings).

(Display icons from services) OK
(Tray
Settings).

(, ,

). .

(Communication
Center) (InfoCenter),
AutoCAD.


(InfoCenter Settings),
.
10. (General)
, (Never).
11. (Balloon
notification for).
RSS,
. .9
(Remove).
.
13. OK
AutoCAD , . .10.
. .10
AutoCAD
496
AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD

(Clear Screen),
(. . .10) AutoCAD.
, AutoCAD
.
,
.
(Clear Screen)
AutoCAD.
.3.
,
, .
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
, .
AutoCAD
AutoCAD ,
.
,
AutoCAD.
AutoCAD AutoCAD . ,
(Options) ,
(Tools Options),
(OPTIONS).
( )
Enter. AutoCAD
,
Cancel Esc,
(Tools Options)
. ,
, _options. ,
AutoCAD
.

,
, .
.
497
, ,
AutoCAD .
,
, .
, ,

.
, ,
, AutoCAD
,
AutoCAD.
.4.
AutoCAD . ,
AutoCAD,
(File).
. (File), (Edit),
(View), (Window) (Help)
Microsoft Windows XP, AutoCAD.
AutoCAD,
, , ,
,
(File)
, , ,
,
AutoCAD. (Edit) (Undo)
(Redo), ;
(Cut), (Copy) (Paste),
Windows;
AutoCAD . (View), ,
,
. (Window)
(Help), , ,
Windows.
AutoCAD.
AutoCAD.
(Insert)
( )
.
(Format)
.
498

AutoCAD 2009
499
(Tools) ,
, ,
AutoCAD .
(Draw) ,
(, ,
..).
(Dimension)
.
(Modify) , ,
(Draw),
AutoCAD,
.
AutoCAD
, .
, ,
.5.
, AutoCAD
(toolbar).
AutoCAD 2009 38 ,
.
,
. ,
AutoCAD (. .11).
,
AutoCAD, .
, ,
AutoCAD.
,
,
, .
, AutoCAD
,
AutoCAD, ..
, , , . .11.
, .
, ,

.
,
. .11
AutoCAD 2009
.
, (Standard), (Draw)
(Modify).
, ,
.
, (flyout).
, (Standard)

(Standard),
( (Zoom
Window) ). ,
, .
(Standard)
Windows ( ).
(Draw),
AutoCAD, .
,
(Insert Block).
(Modify), AutoCAD,
500
AutoCAD 2009
,
(Draw).
. (Standard),
(Draw) (Modify)
.
.5.1.
,
, , ,

. ,
, ,
.

.
(Zoom Window)
1.
(Standard). ( ,
, ,
.)
2. 12 , .
,
( (Zoom Window)).
(tooltip),
AutoCAD.
.
,
12 , ,
.
3. (, ,
) ,
, .
(Zoom Window) ,
(
(Standard)).
.
4. ,
, 12 .
,
. ,
(Zoom All).
, . .12,
. , AutoCAD
(Zoom All).
501
. .12 (Zoom All)

5.

.
(,
56 ),
,
(Zoom All)

(ZOOM ALL).
, . (
, ZOOM
ALL, , ,
.)
6. (Standard), ,
(Zoom Window).
(Zoom All).
, ,
, . ,

(Zoom All),

(Zoom All)
(Standard),
(. .13).
,
(Zoom) (Zoom Window)
.
,
(Zoom). ,
,
.
, AutoCAD, . .11,
(Zoom).
, ,
, (Zoom)
(Standard), . .12.
,
. .13 (Zoom All)

(Zoom Window)
502
AutoCAD 2009
503
,

.
.5.2. AutoCAD
, AutoCAD
, (Modify).
,
AutoCAD. ,
.
1. , ,
(
, ).
2. , ,
, . ,
.
, . .14.
3. .
(Modify) , ,
. ,

(Modify) .
4.
(Modify), ,
.
, ,
, (. .15).
5. AutoCAD (,
(Draw)).
( , )
, .
, .
(Modify) (Draw).

, ,
,
. AutoCAD 2009, ,
(Clear
Screen),
. , ,
(Clear Screen),
. .14
(Modify)
. .15
(Modify)
,
, .
AutoCAD
,
.
, (Standard),
, (Draw)
(Modify), ,
. .16.
. ,
. .16,
(UCS Icon) 2D
AutoCAD,
.
(Draw)
(Modify), . .16,
504
AutoCAD 2009
. .16
AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD
. .16,
.
,
,
,
, .
.5.3.
AutoCAD
,
,
AutoCAD.
(View Toolbars)
(Tools Customize
Interface).

505
. .17
. ,
AutoCAD 2009 ,
,
,
.
.6.
,
AutoCAD,

.
,
. , AutoCAD
(alias keys)
,
. ,
(OPTIONS) ,
(OP), (ZOOM WINDOW) (Z W)
506
AutoCAD 2009
(.. , (Z), Enter, (W), Enter),

(ZOOM ALL) (Z A).
, , ,
, .
, AutoCAD
(shortcut keys), ,

.
Ctrl Shift (
, Ctrl+O (File Open), Ctrl+Shift+C
..).
(, F9
, F7 ..).
, ,

AutoCAD.
, ,

. , Windows
.
Alt
, .
(hot
keys). , (Options) (
(Tools Options)) Alt+C, (Alt+T, N).
AutoCAD, Windows,
,
,
AutoCAD.
, , AutoCAD ,
. ,
, ,
,
.
,
() () ,
, (mouse).
, , , ,
, AutoCAD
, .
. ,
, ,
507
, , , , ,
.
, , ,
, .. ,
.
(.. )
.
(context menu) ,
, ,
() (.. ).
. .11.
Shift (
).

,
Shift.
, ,
, (Pan
Realtime),
(Zoom Realtime). ,
AutoCAD, .
AutoCAD 2009 .
, AutoCAD 2009 . .16,
,
, .
AutoCAD,
. 2,
, .
AutoCAD 2010
509
AutoCAD 2010

.
.1. AutoCAD 2010

AutoCAD
Autodesk
AutoCAD 2010 ,
AutoCAD 2010 , ,
Windows XP.
AutoCAD 2010
(Initial Setup). (. .2)
. AutoCAD
AutoCAD 2010
.
,
.
(Skip) AutoCAD 2010.

AutoCAD 2010,
AutoCAD 2010 (Remind me the next time
AutoCAD 2010 starts), ,
AutoCAD 2010 (Start AutoCAD 2010). ,
. .1
AutoCAD 2010
,
,
(Initial Setup),
(User Preferences) (Options).
(New
Features Workshop) (. .3),
AutoCAD 2010 .
(No, dont show
me this again), (
, ,
AutoCAD (Help New
Features Workshop)).
AutoCAD (
,
2D (2D Drafting & Annotation)),
AutoCAD 2010,
(GUI graphical user
interface).
510
AutoCAD 2010
AutoCAD
511
(2D Drafting & Annotation), 3D (3D Modeling)

AutoCAD (AutoCAD Classic).
AutoCAD,
(Workspace Switching),
. .4,
AutoCAD (AutoCAD Classic), AutoCAD ,
. .5.
.2.
AutoCAD
AutoCAD 2010 (
, )
Windows. ,
AutoCAD 2010
Windows. ,
( (File), (Edit), (View), (Window)
. .2
. .3
(Initial Setup)
AutoCAD 2007/2008/2009, AutoCAD 2010

(workspace) ,
AutoCAD
AutoCAD, . AutoCAD 2010, AutoCAD 2008/
2009, : 2D
. .4
(Workspace Switching)
512
AutoCAD 2010
. .5
AutoCAD 2010
(Help)) Windows,
AutoCAD . ,
AutoCAD 2010 , AutoCAD
( (Insert), (Format), (Tools), (Draw),
(Dimension), (Modify), (Parametric)
Express).
(Standard), (Styles),
(Workspaces), (Layers), (Properties).
,
(Standard), AutoCAD .
AutoCAD,
, , .
,
AutoCAD
.
AutoCAD
: (Draw), (Modify)
(Draw Order). ,
, . ,
AutoCAD
513
AutoCAD,
(Smooth Mesh).
. ,
.
, AutoCAD,
(palette) (Tool Palettes).
, ,
(Close), Windows.
AutoCAD 2010, AutoCAD 2009, (menu
browser), Windows.
AutoCAD 2010
. , ,
,
,
, ,
AutoCAD (drawing area).
, ,
(crosshair cursor).
AutoCAD ,
.
, AutoCAD 2010,
Windows, .
AutoCAD ,
, AutoCAD,
.
,
. AutoCAD
(Options),
.
1. (Tool Palettes),
(Close) ,
.
2. (Tools Options).
(Options), . .6,
.
,
AutoCAD (. .7).
4. (Window Elements)
. .7,
. OK
.
514
AutoCAD 2010
AutoCAD
6.
7.
. .6
(Files) (Options)
8.
515
, ,
.
AutoCAD 2010,
(Color scheme) (Window
Elements) (Light),
Windows XP (
Autodesk, , ).
(Colors),
(Window Elements).
(Context) 2D
(Color) (White).
(Preview) (Drawing
(Apply & Close)
(Options).
AutoCAD ,
. ,
, AutoCAD ,
. ,
,
.
. .7
5.
(Display) (Options)

(Crosshair size). ,
, ,
100 ( ).
.
AutoCAD ( ) ,
. .8
516
AutoCAD 2010
AutoCAD. ,

. (
)
X Y.
, , .
,

, ,
.
( ) AutoCAD 2010,
(. .9).
AutoCAD. ,
. ,
AutoCAD . ,

, , AutoCAD,
. ,
, .

AutoCAD.
.
(status bar).
,
, AutoCAD .
,
. ,
AutoCAD.
AutoCAD 2010 (
), . .9, ,
. .10.
, AutoCAD
. .9
( ) AutoCAD 2010
. .10
AutoCAD
517
, ,
, .
AutoCAD ,

. ,
(MODEL), .
(DUCS), (DYN) (QP),
. (DUCS)
,
(DYN) ,

. (QP)
(Quick Properties),
.
,
.
1. ,

(Use Icons),
.
, . .10.
2. (DUCS), (DYN) () (QP)
( , ),
, .
3. ,
,
(Status Toggles) (. .11).

.
4. (Status Toggles)
, (DUCS),
.
5. ,
(Status Toggles)
(F12) (Dynamic Input (F12))
(Quick Properties).
6. ,

. ,
518
AutoCAD 2010
AutoCAD
519
. .11 ( .
.10 .9).
7.
8.
9.
(DUCS)
,
(DYN)
(QP)

AutoCAD.
, . .11,

(Quick View Layouts), (Quick View
Drawings), (Pan), (Zoom),
(SteeringWheel), (ShowMotion),
(Annotation Scale), (Annotation Visibility),
(AutoScale), (Workspaces)
(Display Locking).
, . .11,
(Tray Settings).

(Display icons from services)
OK
(Tray Settings).

(, ,

). .

(Communication
Center) (InfoCenter),
AutoCAD.
(Commu
nication Center)
(In
foCenter Settings),
.
10. (General)
, (Never).
11. (Balloon
notification for).
RSS,
. .12
(Remove).
.
13. OK
AutoCAD , . .13.
. .13
AutoCAD
520
AutoCAD 2010
AutoCAD

(Clear Screen),
(. . .13) AutoCAD.
, AutoCAD
.
,
.
(Clear Screen)
AutoCAD.
.3.
,
, .
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
, .
AutoCAD
AutoCAD ,
.
,
AutoCAD.
AutoCAD AutoCAD . ,
(Options) ,
(Tools Options),
(OPTIONS).
( )
Enter. AutoCAD
,
Cancel Esc,
(Tools Options)
. ,
, _options. ,
AutoCAD
.

,
, .
.
521
, ,
AutoCAD .
,
, .
, ,

.
, ,
, AutoCAD
,
AutoCAD.
.4.
AutoCAD 2010 . ,
AutoCAD,
(File).
. (File),
(Edit), (View), (Window) (Help)
Microsoft Windows XP, AutoCAD.

AutoCAD, , ,
, (Options)
AutoCAD (Exit AutoCAD).
(File)
, , ,
,
AutoCAD. (Edit) (Undo)
(Redo), ;
(Cut), (Copy) (Paste),
Windows;
AutoCAD . (View), ,
,
. (Window)
(Help), , ,
Windows.
AutoCAD.
AutoCAD.
(Insert)
( )
.
(Format)
.
522

AutoCAD 2010
(Tools) ,
, ,
AutoCAD .
(Draw) ,
(, ,
..).
(Dimension)
.
(Modify) , ,
(Draw),
AutoCAD,
.
(Parametric) ,
, ,
,
. AutoCAD

,
.
AutoCAD
, .
, ,
.5.
, AutoCAD
(toolbar).
AutoCAD 2010 44 ,
.
,
. ,
AutoCAD (. .14).
,
AutoCAD, .
, ,
AutoCAD.
,
,
, .
, AutoCAD
,
. .14
523
AutoCAD 2010
AutoCAD, ..
, , , , . .14,
(Smooth Mesh). , ,
.
,
. , ,

.
,
.
, (Standard),
(Draw) (Modify).
, ,
.
, (flyout).
, (Standard)

(Standard),
( (Zoom
524
AutoCAD 2010
Window) ). ,
, .
(Standard)
Windows ( ).
(Draw),
AutoCAD, .
,
(Insert Block).
(Modify), AutoCAD,
,
(Draw).
. (Standard),
(Draw) (Modify)
.
.5.1.
,
, , ,
.
,
, ,
.
.
1.
(Zoom Window)
(Standard). ( ,
, ,
.)
2. 12 , .
,
( (Zoom Window)).
(tooltip),
AutoCAD.
.
,
12 , ,
.
3. (, ,
) ,
, .
(Zoom Window) ,
(
(Standard)).
.

4.
5.
6.
525
,
, 12 .
,
. ,
(Zoom All).
, . .15,
. , AutoCAD
(Zoom All).
.
(,
56 ), ,
(Zoom All)
(ZOOM ALL). ,
. ( ,
ZOOM ALL, ,
, .)
(Standard), ,
(Zoom Window).
(Zoom All).
, ,
, . ,

(Zoom All),

(Zoom All)
(Standard),
(. .16).
,

(Zoom)
(Zoom Window)
.
. .16
(Zoom All)

. .17 (Zoom
All)
(Zoom Window)
526
AutoCAD 2010
527
,
(Zoom). ,
,
.
, AutoCAD, . .14,
(Zoom).
, ,
, (Zoom)
(Standard), . .15.
,
,
.
.5.2. AutoCAD
, AutoCAD
, (Modify).
,
AutoCAD. ,
.
1. , ,
(
, ).
2. , ,
, . ,
.
, . .17.
3. .
(Modify) , ,
. ,

(Modify) .
4.
(Modify), ,
.
, ,
, (. .18).
5. AutoCAD (,
(Draw)).
( , )
, .
, .
(Modify) (Draw).
. .17 (Modify)
. .18
(Modify)

, ,
,
. AutoCAD 2010, ,
(Clear
Screen),
. , , (Clear
Screen), ,

.
AutoCAD
,
.
, (Standard),
, (Draw)
(Modify), ,
. .19.
. ,
. .19 ,
528
AutoCAD 2010
529
,
AutoCAD.
(View Toolbars)
(Tools Customize
Interface).

. ,
AutoCAD 2010 ,
,
,
.
.6.
,
AutoCAD,

. .19
AutoCAD 2010

(UCS Icon) 2D
AutoCAD,
.
(Draw)
(Modify), . .19,
AutoCAD
. .19,
.
,
,
,
, .
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AutoCAD
,
. .20
530
AutoCAD 2010
.
,
. , AutoCAD
(alias keys)
,
. ,
(OPTIONS) ,
(OP), (ZOOM WINDOW) (Z W)
(.. , (Z), Enter, (W), Enter),
(ZOOM ALL) (Z A).
, , ,
, .
, AutoCAD
(shortcut keys), ,

.
Ctrl Shift (
, Ctrl+O (File Open), Ctrl+Shift+C
(Edit Copy with Base
Point) ..).
(, F9
, F7
..). ,
,
AutoCAD.
, ,

. , Windows
.
Alt ,
.
(hot keys).
, (Options) (
(Tools Options)) Alt+C, (Alt+T, N).
AutoCAD, Windows,
,
,
AutoCAD.
, , AutoCAD ,
. ,
, ,
,
.
531
,
() () ,
, (mouse).
, , , ,
, AutoCAD
, .
. , ,
,
, , , , ,
.
, , ,
, .. ,
.
(.. )
.
(context menu) ,
, ,
() (.. ).
. .11.
Shift (
).

,
Shift.
, ,
, (Pan
Realtime),
(Zoom Realtime). ,
AutoCAD, .
AutoCAD 2010 .
, AutoCAD 2010 . .19,
,
, .
AutoCAD,
. 2,
, .

Layers II, , 186
Layout, 412
Linetype, 192, 209
M
Mirror line, 115
Mirroring, 115
Model space, 418
Multiline text, 325

@ ( at),
, 41
< (),
, 43
3D (3D Modeling), 14
acadiso.dwt, , 37
Arc, , 109
AutoCAD
, 59

, 18
, 14

, 32
Base point ( ), 240

Block, 231
Block definition, 237
Block description, 237
Block reference, 237, 241
Block, , 322
Boundary edge, 53
Continuous, , 190
Coordinate filter, 259
Crossing window, 122
Cutting edge, 56
D
DOT, , 192
Drawing limits, 64
Drawing units, , 61
OP
Override, 385
Paper space, 418
pickbox cursor, 45
Polyline, 343, 345
RS
Edit Hatch, , 322

Express Draw Super Hatch, 322
Express Tools, 24
Express Tools, AutoCAD, 322
Express, , 25
External References, 391
Recreate boundary, , 322

Rendering, 306
Scale factor, 209, 243
Selecting window, 148
Selection fence, 298
Shortcut key, 32
Single line text, 325
Super Hatch, , 322, 323
SuperHatch, , 322
FGH
TVW
Fence, 298
Gradient, 306
Grid, 64
Grip, 248, 271
Group, 231, 234
Hatch, 306
Text style, 325

Viewport, 415
VISRETAIN,
AutoCAD, 397
Wipeout, , 322
X#ref, 221, 391
Xref Attach, , 322
IJ
Image, , 322
Insert, , 242
Insertion point, 237, 253
ISO, , 312
ISO#25, , 359
Justification point, 335
L
Layer, 184
Z
Zoom window, 86
Zooming, 64
(Landscape),
, 430
(Color Books),
, 190
533
. (Alternate Units),
, 364
(Architectural),
, 62
(Base Point),
, 253
(Base point),
, 112
, 240
(Baseline Dimension),
, 368
(Unnamed), , 233
(Unitless),
, 240, 253
(Nearest),
, 251, 252
, 240
, 242, 244
Make
Block, 239
, 248
, 238
, 232
, 240
(Block), 231
(Block), , 265
(Lock), , 188
(Quick Leader),
, 377, 380
, 41
(Lineweight),
, 459
(Lineweight), , 459
(Lineweight),
, 188
(View), , 300

, 425
(Viewport), 415
(Viewport), , 426
534
(Model Views),
, 301
(Include
Unnamed), , 232, 233
, 221
, 407
(External References
X+ref), 391
(External
References), , 393
(External
References), , 393, 402,
408, 411, 439
(External
References), , 403
(External
Reference), , 394, 407

(Tools
Xref and Block In+Place Editing
Edit Reference In+Place), 404
(Bottom left), , 339
(Bottom center),
, 335, 338
(Bottom center),
, 339
+ (Xref),
, 408
(Fit to paper),
, 452, 456
(All dimensions),
, 361

(Display AutoSnap
tooltip), , 174
(Insert Block),
, 242, 245, 266, 284, 289
(Insert Block),
, 242
(Insert),
, 260, 262
(Insert), , 242,
244, 245, 258, 260, 266, 289, 291
, 243

(TrueColor),
, 190
(Second point), 112
(Block Reference),
, 249
,
, 53
(Direction
Control), , 64, 108
(Select new path),
, 410
(Select objects),
, 294, 314
(Select Linetype),
, 192
(Select
Reference File), , 393
(Select Color),
, 188, 190
(Select Template),
, 36, 37, 43
(Select Objects),
, 241, 254
(Needs reloading),
, 402
, 45
(Leader Line &
Arrow), , 379
(Justify),
, 335, 338
(Text
placement,
, 364
(Height), , 327
(Text height),
, 362
(Plot to File),
, 462
(Plot to File),
, 464
(Geometry), , 344
(Global width),
, 344, 348
(Gradient), , 308
(Grads), , 63
(Boundary),
, 301
(Extents), , 456
(drawing
limits), 64, 67

, 18
(Group), 231, 234
(Object Grouping),
, 232, 233
, , 42
,
, 41, 43
(Decimal),
, 61
(Decimal
Degrees), , 61, 63

, 61, 64
(Diameter), , 376
(View Manager),
, 301, 302
(Manage
Xrefs), , 408

(Page Setup Manager),
, 433
(Page
Setup Manager),
, 419, 433, 447
(Page
Setup Manager), , 414, 415,
417, 419, 433, 452

(Dimension Style Manager),
, 361, 364, 366, 385, 387,
388, 389
(Layer
Properties Manager),
, 187
(Layer
Properties Manager), , 187,
535
189, 190, 192194, 200, 223, 224,

394, 395, 459
(Distance), , 255,
256, 259
(Distance), , 63
(Add Select
objects), , 309
(Add Pick points),
, 309, 318
(Add), , 452, 457

(Add Page Setup), , 457
(custom)
, 317

, 449
(Tolerance), , 364
(Available
Linetypes), , 192
(Fractional), , 62
(Other
Predefined), , 312, 317
(Arc), , 109, 142,
180, 239
. (units), , 452
(Block unit),
, 240, 253
(Drawing Units),
, 63, 64, 107
(Loaded), , 402
(Loaded
linetypes), , 192
(Load), , 192
/
(Load or Reload Linetypes),
, 192
(Path type),
, 407
(Path type),
, 394
(Close
536
Preview Window), , 455

(Gradient), 306

, 199
(Freeze),
, 188, 200
(Layer Freeze),
, 200
(Layer Freeze),
, 202
(Write Block),
, 265
(Write Block),
, 266
Make Block, 239
()
Arc, 109
,
, 115
(Mirror),
, 115, 157, 219,
274, 299
(Zoom),
, 168
(Zoom), , 28, 114
(Zoom
Extents), , 235,
236, 265

(Zoom Realtime), , 166,
168, 169, 172, 176, 254, 270, 342

(Zoom Realtime), , 114

(Zoom Realtime), , 34
(Zoom
Extents), , 67, 78, 86,
173, 257, 303, 343
(Zoom All),
, 44, 86
(Zoom All),
, 27
(Zoom
Previous), , 86, 89, 93,
107, 112, 113, 114, 124, 142, 147, 153,
155, 166, 171, 180, 182, 208, 280

(Zoom
Previous), , 113
(User defined),
, 318
, 67
, 67, 71
, 68

, 68

, 70

, 66, 67
, 67

(Modify Standard Paper Sizes
(Printable Area), , 419

(Modify Standard Paper
Sizes), , 420
(Modify)
, 83
, 419
, 25
, 30, 37, 127, 146, 157,
246, 423
II (Modify II), , 322
(Named Views),
, 300, 302

(Import Page Setups), , 453
(Reference name),
, 404
(Group Name), , 232
(Group Name),
, 234
(New
page setup name), , 414
(New Style Name),
, 361, 389
(Style Name), , 328
(File name), , 74
(Font Name), , 327
(Font Name),
, 327
(Engineering),
, 62
(Spacing),
, 318
(Identify
Reference), , 404, 443
(Source),
, 265
(Quadrant),
, 151
(Quadrant),
, 151, 152, 217, 297, 313

(Shortcut key), 32
, 32
AutoCAD (AutoCAD
Classic), 14
(Portrait),
, 415, 453
3D
(View 3D
Views Plan view Current
UCS), 300
2
(View Viewports
2 Viewports), 442
(View
Zoom Realtime), 167
(View Zoom All), 68
(View Zoom
Out), 65, 78
(View Zoom
Extents), 65, 78
(View Zoom
Previous), 89
(View
Named Views), 300

. (View Display UCS
537
Icon On), 65, 299

(View
Toolbars), 30
+
(View Pan
Realtime), 167
(Modify
Mirror), 115
(Modify
Copy), 113
(Modify Array), 294
(Modify Scale), 423
(Modify Trim), 56
(Modify
Object Polyline), 343

(Modify Object Text
Edit), 339, 357
(Modify
Object Hatch), 321
(Modify
Move), 146, 148
(Modify
Rotate), 108
(Modify
Offset), 46, 78
(Modify
Explode), 235
(Modify
Properties), 217, 249
(Modify
Fillet), 49, 79
(Modify
Erase), 45
(Modify
Extend), 54, 80
, 51
(File Exit), 59, 74

(File Page Setup
Manager), 433
(File
Plotter Manager), 449
538
(File Close), 36, 43,

59, 61
(File Exit), 32
(File Open), 32, 77
(File Plot), 447
(File New), 36, 43, 61
(File
Save), 73, 153, 182
(File
Save As), 90, 130, 182
(Format
Units), 61

C
(Format Layer tools
Change to Current
Layer), 201
(Format
Layer tools Layer
Freeze), 202

(Format
Layer tools Copy
Objects to New
Layer), 206

(Format Layer
tools Make Objects
Layer Current), 198,
200, 204
(Format Drawing
Limits), 67
(Format Layer), 187,
200, 223
(Format
Text Style), 326
3 (Draw Arc
3 Points), 109
, , (Draw
Arc Start, End,
Angle), 239

, , (Draw
Arc Start, Center,
Angle), 110
, , (Draw
Arc Start, Center,
Angle), 127
(Draw Arc),
, 109
,
(Draw Circle Center,
Radius), 144, 156
(Draw Circle),
, 143
(Draw
Polyline), 346
(Draw
Rectangle), 103

(Draw Text Multiline
Text), 354

(Draw Text Single Line
Text), 329
(Draw
Hatch), 307
, (Draw
Ellipse Axis, End), 178
(Draw Ellipse),
, 180
, 20, 23
.X,
, 260
_options, 23
A, , 388
APPLY, , 388
GRIDDISPLAY, 65
SNAPBASE, 319
ST, 351
VISRETAIN,
AutoCAD, 397
(LE), 378
(QLEADER), 378, 380
(BLOCK), 387
(BLOCK), 387
(A), 68,440
(I), 242
(V), 374
(at point), 249
(VERTICAL), 374
(Top), , 337
(VIEW), 300, 302
(TL), , 337

(BLOCK REFERENCE
Layer), 248
(ER), 393, 402
(XR), 439
(EXTERNALREFERENCES), 393
(XREF), 439
(TR), , 337
(ALIGN), , 336
(RIGHT), 333
(RIGHT), , 337
(J), 329
(_all), 28
(A), 32
(INSERT), 242
(PASTEBLOCK), 423
(TC), , 337
(JUSTIFY), 329
(JUSTIFY),
, 333, 336
(ALIGN), 440
(EXIT), 272
(E), 65
(H), 440, 442
(HORIZONTAL), 440, 442

(ZOOM EXTENTS), 65
(GROUP), 232
, 169
(C), 300
(R), 79, 90, 400
(YES), 343
X (Delta X), 256
(DI), 255
(DDMODIFY), 217
(DDEDIT), 339, 340, 357,
383, 384
(DDCHPROP), 217
539
(PLOTTERMANAGER), 449
(DIST), 255
(DIST), 256
(DT), 329
(DTEXT), 329, 333, 335,
336, 352
(ARC), 111, 127
(ARC), 109
(UN), 61
(UNITS), 61
(C), 71, 138, 141
(J), 344
(Z), 68
(CLOSE), 44, 45, 71,
138, 141
(JOIN), 344, 420, 435
(MIRROR), 116, 157, 244
, 65
(Zoom), 28
(Zoom All), 28
(ZOOM ALL), 68
(ZOOM
EXTENTS), 270
(NAME), 206
(Block Name), 249
(C), 144, 156, 405
(C), 272
(COPYBASE), 421, 422
(COPY), 112, 114,
158, 160, 352, 405
(COPY), 272
(COPYTOLAYER),
206, 216
(CP), 113, 158
(CIRCLE), 144
(CIRCLE), 156, 157
(BH), 307
(BHATCH), 307
(LO), 429
(PS), 427
(LAYOUT), 429
(PSPACE), 427
(LTSCALE), 209
(LTS), 209
(MS), 427, 436
(PS), 435
540
(ARRAY), 387
(ARRAY), 294, 387
(LAYOUTWIZARD), 429
(SCALE), 423, 424
Y (Y scale
factor), 249
(X scale
factor), 249
(MODEL), , 435
(MSPACE), 427
(AR), 294
(MT), 354
(MTEDIT), 357
(MTEXT), 354
(SC), 423
, 31
(DSETTINGS), 174
(OPTIONS), 31
(MULTIPLY), 169
(BL), , 237
(BR), , 237
(BC), , 237
(U), 50, 57, 164
(U), 277
(TR), 56, 83, 127
(TRIM), 56, 153, 275,
277, 299, 420, 435
(Trim), 83
(Zoom
Window), 87
(PROPERTIESCLOSE), 217
(PRCLOSE), 250
(L), 38, 40, 44
(UCSICON OFF), 65
, 47
(UNDO), 51, 57,
164, 277
(Command_line), 38
(LINE), 38, 40, 41, 44, 45,
71, 118, 132, 133, 138, 171, 214,
251, 252, 253
(M), 146, 149
(P), 400
(Pan), 114

(PAN), 167, 169
, 114
(PAGESETUP), 433
(W), 265
(WBLOCK), 265
(F), 298
(MOVE),
, 339, 342
(Move), 147
(MOVE), 146, 149,
226, 229
(MOVE), , 439
(FENCE), 298
(PLOT), 447
(PL), 346
(PLAN), 300, 301
(PLINE), 346, 347, 349
(POLYLINE), , 400
(Z), 32, 65, 427, 440
(Z E), 173
(Z P), 93
(Z P), 89
(RO), 108, 152
(ROTATE), 108, 109,
152, 405
(REDO), 164
, 50
(O), 80
(Offset), 46
(OFFSET), 53, 78, 80,
210, 221, 236, 251, 256, 270,
323, 328, 329, 420, 435
(ZOOM), 167, 168
(ZOOM), 65, 79, 86,
115, 427
(ZOOM ALL), 32
(ZOOM
PREVIOUS), 89
(PEDIT), 420, 435
(POLAR), , 182
(FIT), , 336
(PE), 420
(CURRENT),
, 300
(REC), 342
(REC), 103, 419
(RECTANG), 103,
105, 119, 122, 144, 340, 400, 434
(UCS), 300, 301
(R), 333
(RADIUS), 138, 169, 400
(STRETCH), 425
(STRETCH),
, 339, 342, 437
(EXPLODE), 235, 420,
435
(STRETCH), 405
(DBA), 369
(DDI), 377
(ED), 339, 352, 357, 382
(HATCHEDIT), 321
= (Mode =
TRIM), 49
(DSETTINGS), 68, 102
(DSETTINGS), 139
(DIMBASELINE), 369, 370

(DIMDIAMETER),
377
(DIMLINEAR), 366
(DIMOVERRIDE), 389
(DIMCONTINUE), 368
(DIMCONTINUE), 370
(DIMRADIUS), 375
(DIMSTYLE), 360
(DIMSTYLE), 388
(DIMSTYLE)
APPLY, 387
(DIMANGULAR), 375
(DIMCONTINUE), 368
(DLI), 366, 372
(DOV, 389
(DRA), 375
, 360
(DAN), 375
(DCO), 368
(HE), 321
(PRC), 217
(PROPERTIES), 217, 249
541
(MIDDLE),
, 337
C (Grid), , 68
(LA), 187, 200, 223
(ML), , 337
(LAYCUR), 270
(LAYERS), 223, 270
(LAYFRZ), 202
(LAYCUR), 198
(LAYER), 187, 200
(LAYER), , 46
(F), 49
(Fillet), 138
(FILLET), 49, 50, 79,
90, 169, 215, 229
C (QSAVE), 73, 130
(SAVE), 300
(SAVEAS), 130
(LI LS), 248
(LI), 249
(MR), , 337
(LIST), 248, 249
(ER), 439
(XR), 393, 402
(REFCLOSE), 405, 444
(XREF), 393
(XREF), 393
(REFEDIT), 262, 404, 443
(ST), 326
(ERASE), 39, 45
(STYLE), 326
(MC), , 337
(TEXT), 329, 335
YZ (need YZ), 260
(EX), 54
(ZOOM OUT), 88
(rotation angle), 249
(DELETE), 429
(ERASE), , 46
(EXTEND), 54, 56,
80, 127
(MVSETUP), 440, 442
(C), 329
(CENTER), 329
(CENTER), , 337
(THROUGH), , 46
542
(H), 307, 318

(W), 347, 420
(WIDTH), 420
(WIDTH),
, 347, 435
(HATCH), 307
(EL), 179
(ELLIPSE), 179
, 35

, 22

, 22
(Layout), 412

, 428
(Std. 3D
Engineering View),
, 430
(Endpoint),
, 131, 144, 147, 169, 171,
213, 218, 243, 253, 255, 271, 297,
318, 360, 366, 440
(Snap to Endpoint),
, 104, 106, 108
(Coordinate
filter), 259
(Point
Filters), , 330
x y

(Grid), (Snap),
, 71
, 243
X Y

, 41, 43

, 42, 45
, 112
(Copy), , 112,
123, 158, 216, 233

(Copy To Layer),
, 206

(Copy Objects to New Layer),
, 210, 215

(Copy Objects to New Layer),
, 206
, 243

(Scale factor), 209
+ (Double), , 318
(Circle), , 143, 156,
178, 180
(Circle), , 165
(Polar Array),
, 313
(Limits), , 461
(Limits), , 456
(Length),
, 61, 62
, 60
(Linear
dimensions),
, 364
(Linear Dimension),
, 366, 367, 372
, 45
, 53
(Lines), , 371
(Line), , 362
(Layout), , 461
(PAPER),
+, 418, 436
(PAPER),
, 419
(PAPER), , 423, 427, 435,
438, 440
(Layouts), , 433
(Magnet), , 174
(Marker), , 174

, 248
(Grip), 248, 271
(Array), , 294, 313
(Array), , 294
(Array), , 431
(Create
Layout Wizard), 429

(Add+A+Plotter Wizard), , 449
(Scale),
, 267, 285
(Scale),
, 258
(Scale),
, 274
(Scale), , 318, 320
(Scale), , 308
(Scale), , 309, 452
(Plot scale),
, 452, 456
, 67, 68
(zooming), 64

, 65, 67

, 209
(Row offset),
, 294
(Rows), , 294
(Column offset),
, 294
(Center marks),
, 362
(Multiline
Text), , 354

(Multiline text), 325
(MODEL),
543
+, 102
(MODEL),
+, 418
(MODEL), , 436
(MODEL), , 436
(MODEL),
, 418, 419, 422

, 262
, 300, 303
(Start With), , 361

(Page
setup), , 452,
457
(Page
Setups), , 415

, 192
(Found at), , 410
(Found in), , 407
(Direction),
, 63, 108
,
, 71
, 64
, 186

, 70
, 73
, 209
, 73
(Options),
, 18
(Options), , 18
(Settings),
, 139, 174, 214

(Customize User Interface),
, 30

, 60
544

, 60
(Scientific), , 62
, 192
(Multiply), , 170, 177

(User+defined Paper
Sizes & Calibration), , 419
(Snap to None), , 298
(Snap to None),
, 352
(New),
, 351
(New
Dimension Style), , 364, 371
(New Text
Style), , 327, 328, 351
(Index Color),
, 189
(Perpendicular),
, 131, 132, 253, 346, 348
(Snap to Perpendicular),
, 279
, 131, 221, 251
, 280, 284

, 17
(Refresh), , 402
(Dimension
Update), , 388
(Dimension
Update), , 387

, 317

, 313
(Pattern), , 320
(Pattern), , 318
(Pattern), , 308
(Trim), , 52, 56,
56, 57, 79, 83, 93, 127, 174, 225,

236, 275, 279, 280, 298, 400
(Trim), , 56
(Object Snap),
, 102, 175
(Object Snap),
, 219
(Object Snap),
, 104, 115, 121, 131, 144,
151, 251, 289, 298
(F3)
(Object Snap On (F3), , 174
, 53
, 115
, 112
(Objects),
, 241, 254
, 53
(Single),
, 430
(Single Line Text),
, 330, 351
(Single Line Text),
, 329

(Single line text), 325

, 298
(Window)
\_.dwg, 401
(Zoom Window),
, 86, 92, 110, 124, 130,
131, 146, 162, 166, 171, 176, 205,
280, 300
(Zoom Window),
, 102, 113
(Zoom Window),
, 27, 87

(Zoom Previous), , 164
, 248
(Block Definition),
, 240, 246, 254
(Block
description), 237
(Block
definition), 237
(Fit options),
, 364, 386
(Text alignment),
, 362
(Drawing
orientation),
, 452
(ORTHO),
+, 108, 131,
163, 297
(ORTHO),
, 131, 133, 138, 346, 380, 439
(ORTHO),
, 299, 313

, 108

, 434
(Primary Units),
, 364
(Retain), , 241
, 199
(Open), , 37
(Undo), , 57
(pickbox
cursor), 45

, 41, 43

, 42, 45
(Relative path),
, 407
(Polar Tracking),
, 139, 214
+ (OTRACK),
+, 71, 297
+ (POLAR),
+, 296
+ (POLAR),
, 139, 140, 142, 181, 214,
225, 227
(Offset
from dim line), , 362
(Clear Screen),
, 23
545
(Hatch
Pattern Palette), , 308, 317
, , 30
(Pan), , 34
(Pan),
, 168

(Pan Realtime),
, 166, 169, 172, 176, 18,
254, 296, 340, 427, 438, 439
(Save In), , 73
(Leader
Settings), , 379
, 67, 71
1 (Page
Setup Layout1), , 414, 419
(Reload),
, 402
(Reload),
, 402
(Rename
Layout), , 428
(Rename),
, 428
(Move),
, 146, 147, 148, 218,
228, 272, 274, 280
, 197
(Move), , 151
(Override)
, 385

(Override Current Style),
, 385, 386
(Override),
, 385
(Fence), 298
(crossing
window), 122
(Intersection),
, 330
(Intersection),
, 151, 154, 156, 352
(Snap to Intersection),
, 335
546
(Snap to Intersection),
, 121, 151, 289
(Plot area),
, 455
(What to plot),
, 456
(Plot to file),
, 452, 460, 461
1 (Plot Layout1),
, 461
(Plot Model),
, 447, 450, 451, 452, 453, 455,
457, 458, 459, 460
(Plot)
, 447
, 447, 459, 461
, 448, 450, 462, 464
, 188

,
, 299
/ (Plus/Minus),
, 383
(Default),
, 459
(Rotate), , 107,
124, 152, 181, 228, 274, 405
(Rotation),
, 394
(Redo),
, 164
(Repeat),
, 210
(Repeat
OFFSET),
, 210
, 50
,

(Suppress arrows if they dont fit
inside extension lines),
, 364, 386

, 70

, 66
, 66
, 64
(Fine tuning),
, 364
(Where), , 452
(Offset), , 46, 47,
51, 56, 78, 127, 132, 154, 169, 176,
235, 270, 275
(Details), , 410

(Prompt to select nested
objects), , 262
(Polyline), 343, 345
(Polyline),
, 345
(Full path),
, 407
(Select Location),
, 431

(Toolbar/
Window Position), , 22
(Display scroll bars
in drawing window), , 18
. (Custom), , 452

(),
, 299
, 299
(Predefined),
, 308
(F10)
(Polar Tracking On (F10),
, 214, 297
,
, 42, 45
(Polar Angle Settings),
, 139, 214
(Ports), , 462
(Recent Input),
, 213
(Drafting), , 175
(Annotations),
, 379
(Description),
, 188
(Description),
, 387
, , 274
(Edit
Paste as Block), 423, 435
(Edit Select
All), 204, 219, 392

(Edit Copy with Base
Point), 421, 435
(Convert to
Block), , 246,
247, 289
(Convert to
Block), , 241
(OSNAP),
+, 435
(OSNAP),
+, 71, 174, 175,
297, 307, 425
(Apply to Layout),
, 457, 461
(Sample Output), 62
/ (Printer/plotter),
, 414, 433,
452, 460
/ (Printer/plotter),
, 447

, 188
, 73
DWG (Attach DWG),
, 393
(Display
AutoSnap aperture box),
, 174
(Continue Dimension),
, 368
, 68
(Preview), , 294,
452, 456, 460
(Paper
space), 418
(Model
547
space), 418
(Rectangle),
, 103, 118, 128, 144,
181, 227, 235, 342, 345, 397, 416
(Rectangular
Array), , 294
(alias keys), 31
, 296, 299
(UCS), , 301
(
), 20
(No path),
, 394, 407
(Workspaces), , 14
(Radians), , 63
(Radius Dimension),
, 375
(Radius), , 165
(More Options),
, 447
(Dimension),
, 360, 365, 366, 376
(Dimension), , 360,
368, 369, 375, 377, 380, 387, 389
(Size), , 362

(AutoSnap Marker Size),
, 174
(Crosshair size),
, 18
(Arrow size),
, 362

(Draw dim line between ext lines),
, 364
(Dimension Style),
, 385
(Dimension Style),
, 360

, 385
(Dimension
Baseline), 369
(Dimension
548
Leader, 377, 378

(Dimension
Diameter), 377
(Dimension
Linear), 366
(Dimension
Update), 387

(Dimension Override), 389
(Dimension
Continue), 368
(Dimension
Radius), 375

(Dimension Dimension
Style), 360
(Dimension
Angular), 375
(Dimension), , 25
(Use for), , 361
(Destination),
, 266
(Fit), , 362, 385
(Window), , 455
(Selecting
window), 148
(Zoom
window), , 86
, 434

, 62
(Stretch),
, 272, 274
(Explode), ,
235, 236, 245, 246, 289, 343, 345
(Edit
Reference In+Place), , 404

(Reference Edit), , 262, 404,
443, 444

, 382

, 321
(Edit
Hatch), , 312, 322

(Edit),
, 352, 382
(Edit),
, 339, 357
(Edit
Hatch),
, 321

(Plotter Configuration Editor),
, 419, 421, 433, 450, 462
(Refedit),
, 263, 444
(Refedit), , 404, 405
(Snap)
, 70
, 68
, 73
(Osnap Settings),
, 330
(Drafting
Settings), , 68, 101, 139, 174,
214, 297, 330
(Rendering), 306
(Rows), , 295
(Line), , 35,
36, 38, 40, 44, 45, 70, 117, 128, 133,
169, 171, 213, 251, 253, 271, 279,
280, 297, 313, 318
(Inquiry), , 248, 255
(Properties), , 164,
217, 382, 419, 433, 450, 462
(Properties),
, 335
(Properties), , 338
(Properties), , 165,
166, 249, 250, 335, 340, 344, 348,
350, 382, 426

(Make Objects Layer Current),
, 204
, 56
, 389

(New Features Workshop), , 16

(Tools Xref
and Block In+place Editing Close
Reference), 263

(Tools Xref and Block In+place
Editing Edit Reference
In+place), 262

(Tools Xref and Block In+Place
Editing Save Reference
Edits), 405

(Tools Wizards
Add Plotter), 449
(Tools
Drafting Settings), 173
C (Tools
Options), 33
(Tools
Drafting Settings), 68, 102

(Tools Inquiry
Distance), 255
(Tools
Inquiry List), 248
(Tools), , 25

(Tools Customize
Interface), 30
(Tools
Options), 23
(Midpoint),
, 380
(Midpoint),
, 146, 147, 157, 158,
218, 251, 253, 255, 280, 284, 285,
297, 319
(Snap to Midpoint),
, 115
(grid), 64
549
(GRID), , 65
(GRID),
+, 65, 66, 78
(Grid), , 68

, 67
, 70

, 65, 67
, 64
, 73
, 65
(Symbol), , 383
@,
, 41
<,
, 43
(Symbols and
Arrows), , 362
(Insert
External References), 393
(Insert), , 25
Layer Properties Manager,

,

, 190
, 197
, 192

, 197
(Layers), , 186, 195,
200, 223
II (Layers II), , 186, 194
(Layer), 184
(LAYMCUR), , 204
(Snap From),
, 133
(Snap From), , 136
(Snap From),
, 134, 138, 162
(Snap From),
, 397
(Snap From),
, 346
550
C
(Change to Current Layer),
, 197
, 46
(
) (Plot offset
(origin set to printable area),
, 453
ISO (ISO standard),
, 362
(Contents),
, 340
, 142
, 143
, 238
, 186, 192
, 269
(Create Layout),
, 429, 431, 433

(New Page Setup), , 414, 433

(Create New Dimension Style),
, 361, 389
(Make Block),
, 238, 246, 253, 289
(Create New Folder),
, 73
(New Layer),
, 193
(New), , 188
(Fillet), ,
49, 50, 53, 55, 78, 127, 138, 169,
176, 343, 400
, 73
(Save Drawing
As), , 73
(Save), , 73, 74
(Save
to Current Style),
, 388

(Save Reference Edit), , 263

(Save Reference Edits),
, 405, 443
(Saved path),
, 407
(Saved path),
, 407

(Save layer snapshot with view),
, 301
(user+defined)
, 317
(List), , 248, 249
(Method),
, 313
(Viewport
Setup), , 430

(Help New Features
Workshop), 16
(Reference), , 393
(Block reference),
237, 241
, 221
(Predefined),
, 320
(Status),
, 402
(Width Factor),
, 351
(Erase), , 45
(Plot Style),
, 188
(Over dimension
line, with leader),
, 364
, 24
, 21
(Swatch), , 308
(Plot style
table (pen assignment),
, 457
(Text)
, 362
, 339
, 329, 357
, 364
, 340
(Text override),
, 382
AutoCAD (AutoCAD
Text Window), , 248
(Text style), 325
, 351, 365
, 326
, 327
, 362
,
, 326
(Texture), 306
, 193
(Current layer), 194
(Current display),
, 301
(Type), , 308, 318, 320

, 209
, 192
, 192
, 192
, 192

, 64
(Shading), 306

(Surveyors Units), , 63
, 253
(Insertion point),
, 267, 285, 394
, 240
(Justification
point), 335
(Temporary
track point), , 136, 137, 138
(Temporary
track point),
, 144, 156, 158, 348
(Temporary
track point),
, 347
551
(Temporary
track point,
, 397
(Precision),
, 62, 63, 364
(Zoom Out),
, 64, 65, 86, 173, 427
(Angular Dimension),
, 375
(Angle),
, 61
, 63
(Angular
dimensions),
, 364
(Angle), , 320
(Angle and scale),
, 308
(Angle
between items), , 314
(Oblique Angle),
, 351
(Oblique Angle,
, 327
(Rotation),
, 267, 285
(Rotation),
, 258
, 45
, 18
(Delete Layer),
, 193, 224
(Extend
beyond dim lines), , 361
(Extend), , 52,
53, 54, 56, 78, 80, 90, 127, 275,
279, 280
ANSI31, 311
ANSI32, 311
ANSI35, 311
ANSI37, 308, 311
552
ANSI38, 312
AR+HBONE, 320
, 311
(Pick Point), , 240, 253
(Specify On+screen),
, 242, 258, 260, 267
(Specify
On+Screen), , 245, 285
(Zoom In),
, 64, 67, 79, 86, 427
(Set Current),
, 194, 302, 365, 415
(Device and
Document Settings), , 419
(FILE), , 462
(Files),
, 18
(Format), , 25
(Paper size), , 449
(Type), , 61
(Paper size),
, 415
(Text Formatting),
, 357
(Text Formatting),
, 382, 383

(Drawing Window Colors), , 19
(Center), ,
144, 152, 154, 157, 158, 216, 297
(Center the plot),
, 453, 454
(Draw
Line), 38
(Draw), , 25
(Draw), , 30, 37, 103,
239, 307
(Number
of copies), , 452
(Total number
of items), , 314
(What to plot),
, 453, 454, 461
, 37
(Snap), , 68
(SNAP), +, 78
(SNAP),
+, 66, 68
(Snap), , 68
(Baseline
spacing), , 361, 371
(Snap and Grid),
, 68
(Grid spacing),
, 68
, 71
Y (Grid Y spacing),
, 68
(Grid X spacing),
, 68
(Increment angle),
, 139, 214
(Font), , 327
(Hatch),
, 308, 318
(Hatch),
, 307, 311, 318, 320
(Hatch), , 306
(Hatch and
Gradient), , 307, 309, 312,
318, 322
(Display),
, 18
(Display), , 454
(Ellipse), , 178
(Effects),
, 327

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ISBN 978 5 94074 511 2

4.2. ...................................... 100

4.3. ......................................................... 116

5.3. ........................................ 154

6.2. ...................... 194

6.3. .......... 199

5.4. ......................................................... 166

7.1. ...................................... 232

7.2. .................................... 235

7.3. .......................... 251

7.4. ..................................... 261

10.1. ....................................... 326

8.1.3. ..................... 279

10.2.3. ........................................ 335

8.1.4. ....................... 283

10.2.4. .......................... 338

8.2. ....................................................... 296

10.2.2. ............ 330

10.3. ............... 341

8.2.3. ............................................ 302

14.2. ............................... 460

.1. AutoCAD 2008 ............................................. 466

12.2.1. ............................ 397

12.3. ................. 407

.6. .................................. 529

1.1. AutoCAD 2007

3. A utoCAD Microsoft Office Word 

AutoCAD (drawing limits) 

(Save Drawing As)

. 4.35 (Zoom Window)

. 4.40 (Object Snap)

. 4.41 (Zoom Window)

(Object Snap) AutoCAD

10. AutoCAD . 90.

5.1.2. (Snap From)

. 5.6 (Snap From)

. 5.7 (Snap From)

. 5.8 (Temporary track point)

. 5.11 (Polar Tracking)

. 5.13 AutoCAD ? (POLAR)

10. (CLOSE) (C)

. 5.12 AutoCAD ? (POLAR)

(Temporary track point)

. (470 464,75) / 2 = 2,625 .

. 5.49 (Object Snap)

(Index Color) (. 6.5)

. 6.5 (Index Color)

4. OK. (Select Color)

4. *A1 (Group Name),

7.2.2. (Make Block)

(Pick Point) (Base Point). 

7.2.3. (Insert Block)

(BLOCK REFERENCE Layer:) . ,

(Snap to None) (Object Snap). 

10. (. 8.43) Work082.dwg.

(Hatch and Gradient). 

6. (Total number of items) 40,

. 10.1 (Text Style)

(Single Line Text) (Text) ( 

6. (Dimension Style Ma

. 11.1 AutoCAD Work111.dwg

(Fit options) (Text)

ISBN 9785940745112

3. A utoCAD Microsoft Office Word

AutoCAD (drawing limits)

(Pick Point) (Base Point).

(Snap to None) (Object Snap).

(Hatch and Gradient).

(Single Line Text) (Text) (

6. (Dimension Style Ma

5. (Leader Line & Arrow)

10. , (External Refe

11. (Create Layout)

12. 1495, 1090, 758,

15. (Z) 0.04xp,

Layout) (Plot Model)

(Format), (Tools), (Draw), (Dimension),

AutoCAD 2007/2008, AutoCAD 2009

(2D Drafting & Annotation), 3D (3D Modeling)

AutoCAD 2007/2008/2009, AutoCAD 2010