Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 35

523.43:520.

84
PACS: 96.30 Gc

-
-. 1.
-.
.. 1, .. 2, .. 3, .. 1, .. 1, ..
1, .. 1, .. 1, .. 1, .. 1, . 2,
.. 2, . 2, . 4, . 5
1

, . .
, --,

3
- , , ..
4
, ,
5
, ,

mailto: korab@iki.rssi.ru, fedorova@spectrum.iki.rssi.ru


05.12.2005 .

,
-,
2004 .
.
1-1.7
1500 : , , .

1.38 .
( -)
,
(O21g), ,

. ,
,
.
1.
- ,
-96,
.
, ,
.

3.VI.2003., 25.XII.2003,
2004. , , ,
, , , [1].
1

-96.
,
( , -
) .

, (118-320 , ~ 0.51 ) (1000-1700
, 1 ), .
: ,
( ,
, , ), ( ) ( ).
.
[2,3].
(.1) ,
,
.
[4].
[5,6].
,
[7-10].
-

- 1.38 .
[11,12], MAWD (Mars atmospheric water detector) [13]
. MAWD
[14,15].
()
, :
. [16,17]. , , .
, .
,
[http://www.rssd.esa.int/].
-
.
, .. 2007. ,
- .
2.
,
()
.
.
,
,
2

.
,
[18, 19].
, ,
, ,
. , Chang [20] ,
,
, (
).
.

df/d=0, f-
.

. ,
.

() .
,
.
,
.
, :
, ,
:

M 2 L2 Pac

,
S2

(1)

2
bL

(2)

L
a

(3)

M, a, b- , L- , Pac-
, S- , .

, (
10-200 , , ).
, ,
[21-23].
.
,
,
.

( TeO2). 422 ,
0.35-5 , :
3

617 /,
, 600-800 , , , .
, 100%
, .

TeO2, .

[24].


.

.
( ,
) ,
[25].
[26-28] JPL

. -
.
3. -
(. 1).
.1.
,
, -
-, .
1:1.4.
30 , 1 ,
, .

[29],
.

. ,

>2.5. 7.5 .
,
.
. ,

, TeO2.
2. - 23 ,
46 . 5
(1). , , ,
.
4

() .
,
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
InGaAs G5832-11 (
Hamamatsu); 1 ,
t25.
;
.
- -
.
, (10)
.
,
.
, 60
, .
,
150 . 80
4 . .
, ,
45 -.
- ,

.
1046040 330. ,

.
,
. .
( . 1),

.
4.
- - . 2.


. ,
, .
860-1450 ; 10.
, .
, ,
5

ON/OFF . 87 140
. ON/OFF=1,
. ON/OFF=0,
. . ,
50% 50%.
,
() .
( ) 1.4, 2.8, 5.6
11.2 .
.
- ( 1
10 ).
1, 3, 8.25 26.
2.1*109 5.46*1010 /,
3dB 1.6-560 .
, .
, .
( ) .
16 .
, 16
16 . ,
12 . ,
,
. 120
, <4% 2.8 5.6
12 .
.
, , , (
) .
,
.

,
,
.
, , ..
5.
-
: , .
, ,
. ,
-
. , , ,
.


: (1224 1565 ) HeNe (1152 ) ,
- (HgAr)
. . 3.

: HgAr HeNe . -
(Oriel Instruments)
-: 1128.3, 1356.7, 1367.1 1529.3
. ,
-
(
~10-5 -1).
HgAr
20+40C. ,
.
:

a
b,
f

(4)

a b . ,
.
.
:
a = 3.6228649 t2+2464.6217 t+13690971
b = 5.4920304 10-6 t2+0.0044824233 t+71.220396,
,
:
= 136700000/f-0.0000000000653f 2+74.43+0.0285t+0.0001t2
t , . f .
0.2-0.3 1100 1600
. ,

.
HgAr,
. ,
(sinx/x)2, ,
.
(. 4);
( )
. 3. ,
1.38 1800, 1
2300.
, . 1
,
.
.
7

.
. 5.
(. ).
6.

, -.
, 6.
: , ,
.
,
( (HRSC), , ).
.
.
1; ~15 . .
:
, ,
/.
,
. ,
.
.
:
.
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
. [7].
, .
- ,
,
.
: ,
-
.
. ,
, ,
800 . ,
50 .

( ) 1300
. ,
200 . 4.
:
,
. ,
;

, , ,
H2O, CO2 . .
7.
:
WINDOW () DOT (). , ,
, ,
, . .

. (3-15) ,
. ,
15 . ( ,
). . 5.
.
,
,
. ,
.

. ,
. ,
, , , CO2
,
,
. ,
WINDOW-DOT, . 7 7.
7.
. ,
.
, ,
. , - .
.
.

.

,
( )
9

.
, ..
(.8).
, .
,
- :
, ( ), .
, ,
.
, , .
, -
.
. 9.
,
[30].
(30, 68, 278, 103, 368),
.
.
,
,
. .
10.
(.10):

ADU
ADU

,
1
1

g 2 1 1

g , ADU .
15%.

1.27 , .
,
. . 11
0.1 -2-1-1, . 1 .

.
-
, .
1%
[31-33],
. .
8. ,
,
, .
[34].

10

.
1.38 . 1.1 ,
/. .
12 , , H2O 1.38
CO2 1.43 . . 12
, 40 .
2: 1.27
. 2
[35,36].
15-20 . . 13 ,
.
, ,
260
.
2 :
(.14 ).
-, ,
, [37-40].
1-1.7 ,
.
:
-1 -2 [41]
, -2 [42-43].

. , -2
.
, -1 -2 ,

,
.
,
. ,
,
.
-.
.
,
.
, . 15.

,
,
. 800
.
,
11

: , , 2;
, ,
.
,
.
,
. ,
, .
,

.
-
.
, ,
, .
.
.
04-02-16856,
. . ..
.

12


1. Chicarro A., Martin P., Trautner R. The Mars Express Mission: An overview // ESA-SP 1240.
2004. P. 3-16.
2. Bertaux J.L., Fonteyn D., Korablev O. et al. The study of the Martian atmosphere from top to
bottom with SPICAM Light on Mars Express // Planet. Space Sci. 2000. V.48. P.1303-1320.
3. Bertaux J.L., Fonteyn D., Korablev O. et al. SPICAM Light: an experiment to study the global
structure and composition of the Martian atmosphere // ESA-SP 1240. 2004. P. 95-120.
4. Perrier S. et al. First global climatology of ozone on Mars from SPICAM/MEX UV
measurements // JGR. 2006.
5. Bertaux, J.-L., Leblanc F., WitasseO. et al. Discovery of aurora on Mars // Nature. 2005. V. 435.
P. 790-794.
6. Bertaux, J.-L., Leblanc F., Perrier S. et al. First observation of nightglow in the upper
atmosphere of Mars: the NO bands in UV and implications for atmospheric transport // Science.
2005. V. 307. P. 566-569.
7. .., .-. :
// . . 2003. . 6. . 483-513.
8. Montmessin F. et al. Stellar Occultations at UV wavelengths by the SPICAM instrument:
retrieval and analysis of Martian haze profiles // J.Geophys.Res. 2006.
9. Lebonnois, S., E.Quemerais, F.Montmessin, F. Lefevre, J.L.Bertaux, F.Forget, Vertical
distribution of ozone on Mars as measured by SPICAM/Mars-Express using stellar
occultation // J.Geophys.Res. 2006.
10. Qumerais E., Bertaux J.L., Korablev O. et al. Stellar Occultations observed by SPICAM on
MARS-Express // J.Geophys.Res. 2006.
11. .., ..
-5 // . . 1975.
.13. .33-36.
12. .., ..
-3 // . . 1975. .13. .5. C.738-752.
13. Farmer C.B., La Porte D.D. The detection and mapping of water vapor in the Martian
atmosphere // Icarus 1977. V.16. P.34-46.
14. Jakosky B.M., Farmer C.B. The seasonal and global behavior of water vapor in the Mars
atmosphere: complete global results of the Viking atmospheric water detector experiment //
J.Geophys.Res. 1982. V.87. P.2999-3019.
15. Fedorova A. A., Rodin A.V., Baklanova I.V. MAWD observations revisited: seasonal behavior of
water vapor in the Martian atmosphere // Icarus. 2004. V. 171. Issue 1. P. 54-67.
16. Korablev O.I., Bertaux J.L., Dimarellis E. et al. AOTF-based spectrometer for Mars atmosphere
sounding // Proc. SPIE. 2002. V.4818. P.261-271.
17. Korablev O., Bertaux J.-L., Grigoriev A. et al. An AOTF-based spectrometer for the studies of
Mars atmosphere for Mars Express ESA mission // Adv. Space Res. 2002. V.29. N2. P.143-150.
18. Dixon R.W. Acoustic diffraction of light in anisotropic media // IEEE J. Quant. Electr. 1967. V.3.
P.85-93.
19. Harris S.E., Wallace R.W. Acousto optic tunable filter // J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1969. V.59. P.744-747.
20. Chang I.C. Noncollinear acousto-optic filter with large angular aperture // Appl. Phys. Lett.
1974. V.25. N.7. P.370-372.
21. Chang I.C. Tuneable acousto-optic filters: an overview // Opt. Eng.1977. V.16:5. P.455-460.
22. Goutzoulis A.P., Pape D.R Eds. Design and fabrication of acousto-optic devices. Marcel Dekker,
N.Y., Basel, Hong Kong. 1994. 497 p.
23. Voloshinov V.B., Gupta N. Acousto-optic imaging in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum //
Proc. SPIE. 1999. V. 3900. P. 62-73.

13

24. Glenar D.A., Hillman J.J., Saiff B., Bergstralh J. Acouto-optic imaging spectropolarimery for
remote sensing //Appl. Opt. 1994. V.33. P.7412-7424.
25. Gupta N., Fell Jr N.F. A compact collinear AOTF Raman spectrometer // Talanta 45, 279-284,
1997.
26. Zhang H.; Wang X. L.; Soos J. I.; Crisp J. A. Design of a miniature solid state NIR spectrometer
// Proc. SPIE. 1995. V.2475. P.376-383.
27. Lambert J., Chao T., Yu J., Cheng L. Acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) for imaging
spectrometer for NASA applications: breadboard demonstration // Proc. SPIE 1990. V.1347. P.
655-664.
28. Yu J., Chao T., Cheng L. Acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) for imaging spectrometer for
NASA applications: system issues // Proc. SPIE 1990. V.1347. P. 644-654.
29. .M., .., .. //
. . , . 1984. 22.X. 1247816.
30. Bibring J.-P., Soufflot A., Berther M. et al. OMEGA: Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, lEau,
les Galces et lActivite // ESA-SP 1240. 2004. P. 37-50.
31. Santer R., Deschamps M., Ksanfomaliti L.V., Dollfus A. Photopolarimetric analisys of the
Martian atmosphere by the Soviet MARS-5 orbiter // Astron. Astrophys. 1985. V.150. P. 215228.
32. Fox G.K. Spectropolarimetry of Mars: the development of two polarization reversals // Mon.
Not. R. Astron. Soc. 1997. V.286. P. 963-968.
33. Ebisawa S. and Dollfus A. Dust in Martian atmosphere: polarimetric sensing // Astron.
Astrophys. 1993. V.272, P.671-686.
34. .., .., ., .., ., .
- -. 2.
: //
. . 2006. .44.
35. Noxon J.F., Traub W.A., Carleton N.P., and Connes P. Detection of O2 airglow emission from
Mars and the Martian ozone abundance // Astrophys. J. 1976. V.207. P. 1025-1035.
36. Traub W.A, Carleton N.P., Connes P., and Noxon J.F. The latitude variation of O2 airglow and O3
abundance on Mars // Atsrohys. J. 1979. V.229. P.846-850.
37. Langevin Y., Poulet F., Bibring J.-P. et al. Evolution of the North Polar Cap of Mars as Observed
by OMEGA/Mars Express // Science. 2005. V. 307. Is. 5715. P. 1581-1584.
38. Bibring J.P., Langevin Y., Poulet F. et al. Perennial water ice identified in the south polar cap of
Mars // Nature. 2004. V. 428. Is. 6983. P. 627-630.
39. Bertaux J.-L., Korablev O., Quemerais E. et al. SPICAM on Mars Express: First Results and
First Observations of Water Ice at South Pole // 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
March 15-19. 2004. League City. Texas. abstract no.2178.
40. Hansen G., Giuranna M., Formisano V. et al. PFS-MEX observation of ices in the residual south
polar cap of Mars // Planetary and Space Science. 2005. V.53. P. 10891095.
41. Jaquin F., Gierasch P. and Kahn R. The vertical structure of limb hazes in the Martian
atmosphere // Icarus 1986. V.68. P.442-461.
42. Korablev O.I., Krasnopolsky V.A. and Rodin A.V. Vertical structure of Martian dust measured by
Solar infrared occultations from the Phobos spacecraft // Icarus 1993. V.102. P. 76-87.
43. Chassefiere E., Blamont J., Krasnopolsky V.A., Korablev O.I., Atreya S.K., West R.A. Vertical
structure and size distributions of Martian aerosols from solar occultation measurements //
Icarus 1992. V.97. P. 46-69.

14


. 1 . 1-
; 2- ; 3- (); 4-
; 5- ; 6- ; 7-
; 8- ; 9, 11, 13 ; 10-
; 12- ; 14-15- ; 16-
; 17-21 .
. 2 - - .
. 3. -.
;
.
- , ,
(1224 1556 ), HeNe 1152 .
, .
. H2O .
-- .
1556 1 .
. 4. .
(

sin x 2
) . ,
x

-.
. 5 ,
-
. .
. 6
. 7 - .
. 24 . , - :
H2O, CO2,
. :, -
. 6 . ADU .
.8. -
(). 91.9 .

. 682. , .
.9 . , -
, . 30.
.10 () , 30,
. ,
, .
10 ()
-: , ,
.
15

, . : DAC
, gain , CP
, .
11
. /
.
.12 -
. .
10. 30: Ls 337.5, 61, -46, 13:35.
.12 .
,
. 1023.
.13 1.27 , 262.
( ) (
). , ,
/. 20 . 262, Ls13.3.
1 - 37.7, 349,7, 11.5, SZA 33.2
2 - 58.1, 350,0, 11.7, SZA 52.9
3 - 67.4, 351,4, 12.0, SZA 62.0
. 14 , CO2 ,
. () -
( 262, Ls 13.3), 1 - 36.7, 2 - 67.1; () -
( 1920, Ls 249), 1 - -79, 2 - -68.
. 15 . ()
() 1274 .
,
.
1 - 1468, 186, -39, Ls 173
2 - 1478, 283, -36, Ls 173
3 - 1575, 98, 78, Ls 190
4 - 1597, 120, -6.7, Ls 193

16


1
2
3
- ( -20C)
4 2004
2005.
5.

17

30

. 1 . 1-
; 2- ; 3- (); 4-
; 5- ; 6- ; 7-
; 8- ; 9, 11, 13 ; 10-
; 12- ; 14-15- ; 16-
; 17-21 .

18

2
5-6

4
19

RS422

+5, 15,
+12

13-15

on/off

1 /

13

8
12
5

- 0.1 Rt

10 /K

~1
~1

. 2 - -

19

HeNe
1152
H2O

HeNe
1152

1556

. 3. -.
;
.
- , ,
(1224 1556 ), HeNe 1152 .
, .
. H2O .
-- .
1556 1 .

20

. 4. .
(
-.

21

sin x 2
) . ,
x

. 5 ,
-
. .

22

. 6

23

. 7 - .
. 24 . , - :
H2O, CO2,
. :, -
. 6 . ADU .

24

.8. -
(). 91.9 .

. 682. , .

25

.9 . , -
, . 30.

26

.10 () , 30,
. ,
, .
10 ()
-: , ,
.
, . : DAC
, gain , CP
, .
27

11
. /
.

28

.12 -
. .
10. 30: Ls 337.5, 61, -46, 13:35.
.12 .
,
. 1023.

29

262 Ls =13.3

24

22

180

lat = 37.7 lon =349.7 lt = 11.5 SZA =33.2


lat = 58.1 lon =350.0 lt = 11.7 SZA =52.9
lat = 67.4 lon =351.4 lt = 12.0 SZA =62.0

170

20

150

16

MR/nm

Radiance, W/m2/m

18

160

O2

14

140

lat = 37.7 lon =349.7 lt = 11.5 SZA =33.2


lat = 58.1 lon =350.0 lt = 11.7 SZA =52.9
lat = 67.4 lon =351.4 lt = 12.0 SZA =62.0

130

12
120

10

110

100

4
1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650

90
1264

1266

1268

1270

1272

1274

1276

.13 1.27 , 262.


( ) (
). , ,
/. 20 . 262, Ls13.3.
1 - 37.7, 349,7, 11.5, SZA 33.2
2 - 58.1, 350,0, 11.7, SZA 52.9
3 - 67.4, 351,4, 12.0, SZA 62.0

30

. 14 , CO2 ,
. () -
( 262, Ls 13.3), 1 - 36.7, 2 - 67.1; () -
( 1920, Ls 249), 1 - -79, 2 - -68.

31

100

100

90

90

80

80

70

70

60

H,

60

H,

50

50

4
40

40

30
20

20

10

10

10

-4

10

-2

30

10

10

10

-6

10

-4

,-1

10

-2

. 15 . ()
() 1274 .
,
.
1 - 1468, 186, -39, Ls 173
2 - 1478, 283, -36, Ls 173
3 - 1575, 98, 78, Ls 190
4 - 1597, 120, -6.7, Ls 193

32

1556

1

1.0-1.7

0.5 1.0
1.2 1.7 , 4 -1

1

, 30 ; 40

TeO2
~70%
46 2, 2.5;
85-150 , 0.5-2.5

InGaAs (Hamamatsu G5832-11)


1
1 (15C)
D*31013 -1 -1/2

20%
~ 310-5 -2 -1

4

2 ; 330


216, 212

5 (.)
:

1.05

3.1

2208565 ( DC/DC )

700
2

Pac,
S, 2
,
,

1100
0.5
0.4
0.24
TeO2 1700
1.2
1.4
0.24

,
5
5

3
- ( -20C)
,
1529.4
1367.27
1128.62
1,
0.777
0.588
0.455
2,
0.837
0.628
0.506

33

4
2004 2005.


.


()

I-XII 2004

I - III 2005

, 4 IV
2005

318
421
43
129
1
911
256
24.2

129
114
51
156
10
450
92
11.5

447
535
94
285
11
1 361
348
35.7

34

5.
( 16


(
,

83.2
, )
1
1027.9
147968
64768
2
1101.0
133888
50688
3
1160.2
125952
42752
4
1200.5
121600
38400
5
1242.6
116992
33792
6
1274.6
113920
30720
7
1305.7
111008
27808
8
1323.4
109456
26256
1c
1432.2
100896
17696
9
1515.4
94832
11632
10
1553.6
92416
9216
2c
1572.2
91200
8000
3c
1604.2
89152
5952
11
1697.9
83456
256
0 ( )
0
:
ss0 1, 4, 6, 9, 11 3 = 15
ss1 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11 5 = 35
ss2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 5 = 55

-
.

1
ss0
15
2
ss1
35
3
ss2
55
4
ss0+c2c3
45
5
ss0+c1
30
6
ss1+3c
80
7
ss2+c2c3
85


3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
15
3 5
3 5
15
15
3 5
0

10

11

1c

2c

3c

3
5
5
3
3
5
5

5
5
5
5

5
5

3
5
5
3
3
5
5

5
5

3
5
5
3
3
5
5

5
5
5
5

5
5

3
5
5
3
3
5
5

5
5

3
5
5
3
3
5
5

15
15
-

15
15
15

15
15
15

35

Вам также может понравиться