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Учебно-методическое пособие
по устной практике английского языка
В двух частях
Часть I
Минск
2005
2
УДК 802.0(07)
ББК 81.2
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Настоящее пособие предназначено для совершенствования
навыков и умений разговорной речи на английском языке с
учетом базовой программы средней школы.
Пособие состоит из двух частей, включающих четыре
главы, предлагающих многоаспектное рассмотрение
тематического материала. Каждая из глав в свою очередь состоит
из пяти разделов.
Первый из них “Starting-Up” является введением в тему для
выяснения степени ознакомления студентов с материалом и
определения круга вопросов, а также аспектов предстоящего
более детального изучения темы.
Во втором разделе “Vocabulary Focus” акцент делается на
обогащение как активного, так и пассивного словарного запаса
студентов. Лексика вводится последовательными порциями по
тематическому принципу с учетом словообразовательных
моделей, синонимии, антонимии, сочетаемости слов и
особенностей их употребления. Предлагаемые здесь
тренировочные упражнения дают возможность обстоятельной и
всесторонней работы с лексическими единицами.
В третьем разделе “Discussion Focus” основное внимание
сосредоточено на разговорной практике. Здесь широко
используются диалогическая речь, приемы парной и групповой
работы на фоне монологических высказываний. Все виды заданий
носят, как правило, творческий характер и направлены на
активизацию речевой деятельности учащихся в различных
коммуникативных ситуациях.
Четвертый раздел “Practising Vocabulary” включает
комплекс тренировочных упражнений как языкового, так и
речевого характера для основательного закрепления
тематического словаря.
Последний раздел “Read and Discuss” посвящен обучению
говорению на основе тематических текстов различных
функциональных стилей. Чтение подчинено задаче развития
коммуникативных навыков студентов. Этой цели служат
предтекстовые и послетекстовые задания, ориентирующие
учащихся на активное самостоятельное говорение. Дискуссия
4
UNIT I
PEOPLE AS THEY ARE
Starting – Up
We come to this world just like guests for shorter or longer visits.
And while our life travel lasts from the station ‘Birth’ to the station
‘Death’ we try to learn and understand a great many things. What are
we in this world? What for do we live here? What makes our life worth
living? What is it to be happy?
Generations come and go, but the same questions rise again and
again. What is good and evil? What is mortal and immortal in human
life? What is the value of money, power, fame, mind and spirit? Is
there anything or anyone that determines our lives? What is within our
power and what is entirely in the hands of our Lord?
3 What do you think of the advice, given in the lines below? Explain
the ideas expressed in them.
Live for those who love you,
For those who know you true,
For the cause that lacks assistance,
For the bad that needs resistance,
For the Future in the distance,
And the good that you can do!
Vocabulary Focus
1 The first thing that catches your eye when you meet a new person
(a stranger) is his/her appearance.
A How many words do you know for describing what people look
like? Write down as many words as you can under the following
headings. You may use the words given below.
age height build hair face skin
young short stocky curly round pale
C What adjectives on the right will match the nouns on the left.
chin high
nose poor
lips thick
eyes bulging
gait thin
sight bushy
forehead awkward
eyebrows double
cheeks hollow
shoulders aquiline
8
D Match each person from the list with a suitable description. Use
each name once only.
cousin adult orphan nephew toddler best man fiancé
11
E Arrange the words below under the headings ‘man’ and ‘woman’.
e.g. man woman
nephew niece
spinster godmother granny fiancé bachelor
grandpa godfather uncle groom best man
auntie widower bridesmaid fiancée widow
G Study the following phrases and idioms for relationships. Use them
in sentences of your own.
1) She doesn’t just like Bob, she idolises him! I can’t stand him.
[hate]
2) I really like Lisa, but her friend just turns me off. [excite hate]
13
II
1. Enjoying others’ company: a. impolite, rude, ill-mannered,
sharp, harsh, abusive, severe.
2. Disagreeing with others: b. honest, sincere, trustworthy,
truthful, straightforward,
aboveboard.
3. Taking pleasure in others’ c. jealous, envious, covetous,
pain: resentful, green-eyed, yellow-
eyed.
4. Relaxed in attitude to self and d. sociable, affable, cooperative,
others: friendly.
5. Not polite to others: e. easy-going, even-tempered,
composed, tranquil, self-
possessed, self-controlled,
carefree, level-headed, cool-
headed.
6. Telling the truth to others: f. cruel, sadistic, pitiless, harsh,
merciless, brutal, rough, wild.
7. Unhappy if others have what g. quarrelsome, argumentative
one does not have oneself: combative, passionate, violent.
Positive Negative
determined obstinate, stubborn, pig-headed;
thrifty, economical miserly, mean, tight-fisted;
self-assured self-important, arrogant,
full of oneself (coll.);
assertive aggressive, bossy (coll.);
original peculiar, eccentric, odd;
frank, direct, open blunt, abrupt, brusque, curt;
broad-minded unprincipled, permissive;
inquiring inquisitive, nosy (coll.);
generous extravagant;
innocent naive;
ambitious pushy (coll.).
1. intelligent a. courteous
2. extroverted b. smart
3. generous c. nervous
4. comfortable d. cunning
5. rude e. tight-fisted
6. cruel f. conscientious
7. honest g. sympathetic
8. quarrelsome h. tense
9. friendly j. self-centered
10. simple k. kindly
11. relaxed l. half-witted
12. idle m. hostile
1. thrifty a. optimistic
2. shrewd b. gregarious
18
19
3. gloomy c. brainy
4. diligent d. economical
5. reasonable e. covetous
6. cheerful f. quarrelsome
7. harsh g. reliable
8. envious h. depressed
9. carefree j. rough
10. sociable k. industrious
11. argumentative l. rational
12. trustworthy m. tranquil
F The words given below come from Greek and Latin. They describe
people’s attitudes, mental and emotional states. These borrowings
usually have academic and literary associations and have long become
international words in many European languages. Make sure you know
their meanings and use them correctly.
1) Try to match the adjectives in the left column with their definitions
on the right. Supply these adjectives with the corresponding nouns.
1. cynical a. inclined not to believe; doubting state of mind
2. elegiac b. using bitter remarks intended to wound the
feelings
3. sarcastic c. feeling wistful longing for smth. one has
known in the past; homesick
4. melancholic d. touching, affecting, moving; sad, pitiful
5. sceptical e. sorrowful; mournful; funeral
6. nostalgic f. seeing little or no good in anything; showing
this by sneering and being contemptuous
7. pathetic g. low-spirited; sad; depressed; unhappy
20
b. career
business - minded (conscious of the value or
money importance of career, etc.)
3) There are also similes comparing people to animals, birds and fish.
Here are some of them. Can you complete the phrases with proper
adjectives, selecting them from the list below?
23
N.B. In 1 and 2 two adjectives are possible, but the meaning remains
the same. In 4 two different adjectives supply different meanings.
L Work in pairs. Write a short dialogue using the expression you have
chosen above to act out in front of the class.
Discussion Focus
C What characteristics does the speaker imply when he/she asks the
following questions. Choose the proper word from the box.
26
E Choose five or six adjectives which you think best describe either
your own or a friend’s character. How do you or your friend
demonstrate these characteristics?
Study carefully the group of words and phrases below. Select those
which, in your opinion, describe a person as a gentleman and comment
on them.
civil polished tender well-bred
gallant mannerly impolite man of his word
mean abrupt coarse high-minded
refined violent evil gracious
wild subtle ignorant unrestrained
sharp simple harsh man of honour
G The word “decent” implies quite a number of positive human
characteristics. List as many of them as you can. You may start as
follows:
e. g. A decent person is nice, proper, honest, …
A decent person is expected to keep his/her promise, …
A decent person is not likely to let you down, …
I Skim the text “Graphology” and make a list of positive and negative
characteristics mentioned in the text.
Graphology
Speed
A person who writes quickly with no interruption in the strokes
is energetic and enthusiastic, especially about things, which are in his
own interests.
29
If you write slowly you don’t take risks. You are slow to take
decisions.
Someone who writes fast and legibly is lively and likes to do
things in his own way. A fast and illegible writer is an individualist
and has a strong character. This person is talented and ambitious
and usually very imaginative.
Signature
You write your name more often than anything else and so your
signature is the most revealing part of your handwriting.
An underlined signature shows a forceful personality and
someone who has a high opinion of himself.
If you put a full stop or a dash after your signature this means
that you finish what you begin.
A very big signature shows a dominating personality.
A very small signature denotes a very shy and self-centered
personality.
A unique signature shows an unusual personality.
Of course, there are many more details regarding how to write.
But the above examples give you a few ideas on how to read
handwriting.
Sue Lake from BBC “Modern English”
1. to take risks
2. to be slow (quick) to take decisions
3. to do things in one’s own way
4. to have a high opinion of oneself
5. to be an individualist
J Read the dialogue “Sweet Temper” and characterize briefly the two
people taking part in it. How can you explain the meaning of the title?
Sweet Temper
– I hate negative people
– I couldn’t agree more.
– I hate people who are miserable all the time.
– I couldn’t agree more.
– I hate people who are never satisfied.
– I couldn’t agree more.
– I hate people who are against everything.
– I couldn’t agree more.
– I hate people who criticize other people all the time.
– I couldn’t agree more.
From “BBC Five Minutes’ Instant English”
1) Try to modify the dialogue changing the verb “hate” for its
opposite.
e.g. I hate negative people. – I love agreeable people.
4) The verbs hate, dislike, loathe, detest are synonyms but they have
different degrees of intensity of feeling.Study their meanings and try to
order them on a scale, starting from the weakest to the strongest.
detest – hate strongly; dislike – not like;
loathe – feel disgust for; hate – have violent
dislike for.
Scale
weakest ---------------------------------------------------- strongest
K Read the dialogue “At the Hairdresser’s”. What types of men are
opposed in it? Can you name any other male type?
At the Hairdresser’s
A: Yes, he can play football, cricket, rugby, can swim, ski and
skate.
B: Can he cook?
A: Pardon?
B: Can your husband cook? My husband can’t play sports but he’s
an excellent cook. And he can sew and iron and… he is a good
husband.
A: Really? Is he English?
3) Try to think of a dialogue, which may take place between two men
talking about their wives (or girlfriends).
1. What kind of person will never take a risk? (spend more than
he can afford, take anything to heart, arrest anyone’s attention, lose his
temper, do a silly thing, disobey instructions, wave in the face of
danger, fail his friend).
2. What kind of people are quick to see the point? (are usually
surrounded by people, friends, are easily forgotten, are often lonely,
think only for themselves, feel uneasy in company, keep their thoughts
to themselves, easily lose their patience, enjoy other people’s
confidence).
3. What kind of people are called business-like? (good mixers,
poor mixers, colourful, discreet, just, level-headed, sympathetic,
33
M You know that emotional condition plays a decisive role in our life.
Say when people feel good, great, proud, joyful, uneasy, anxious,
lonely, miserable, low.
N What qualities do you admire most in other people? Put these
qualities into order of importance:
ambition creativity good looks
honesty independence intelligence
loyalty sense of humour strength
tenderness understanding warmth
Practicing Vocabulary
1) You can’t tell what someone is like just from their ................... .
A) character B) appearance C) personality D) looking
2) I was born in Scotland but I ........................ in Northern Ireland.
A) grew up B) raised C) brought up D) rose
3) Edward was named after one of his father’s distant .................. .
A) family B) brothers C) members D) relations
4) Jane and Brian got married a year after they got ....................... .
A) divorced B) proposed C) engaged D) separated
5) Graham works well in class, but his ………...... could be better.
A) rudeness B) behaviour C) politeness D) acting
6) Julie had a terrible …………............ with her parents last night.
37
3 Complete each sentence with a noun formed from a verb in the list.
acquaint bear behave celebrate die
engage greet marry relate resemble
4 The adjectives on the left are the opposites of the ones on the right.
Match them up.
upset.
10) I’ve got an important exam tomorrow and I’m a bit jealous/
nervous.
3) Don’t tell her off – she’s very …..…. and she may start to cry.
A) responsive B) sensible C) sensitive D) sympathetic
4) People enjoy his company because he’s extremely ………….. .
A) adorable B) likeable C) lovable D) sympathetic
5) If you’ve got a problem, go and talk to her – I’m sure she’ll be …. .
A) patient B) sympathetic C) tolerant D) warm-hearted
6) He has excellent taste in clothes and always dresses ….….…... .
A) cleanly B) healthily . C) smartly D) tastily
7) When his wife started seeing more of the tennis coach, he
became very ………………..... .
A) arrogant B) envious C) jealous D) selfish
8) The twins keep pretending to be each other – they’re such
..................................... children!
A) evil B) miserable C) naughty D) wicked
9) Thank you for my beautiful present. It was very …................. of
you to buy it for me.
A) charitable B) generous C) loyal D) reliable
10) If you give him a message make sure he writes it down
because he’s very …........................ .
A) absent B) forgetful C) mindless D) preoccupied
11) You have to be quite …..... to stand up in front of an audience.
A) self-confident B) self-conscious
C) selfish D) self-satisfied
12) She’s a very …......................... little girl – her parents give her
everything she asks for.
A) consented B) discriminating C) generous D) spoilt
13) He’s a dreadful person – I can’t ....................................…. him.
A) stand B) suffer C) support D) swallow
14) Everyone agrees that he’s a very .................................…. man.
42
11 Use the word in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that
fits in the space in the same line.
12 Match these words with the descriptions given. Use each word
once only.
bad-tempered determined lazy reliable cheerful frank
mean selfish considerate honest punctual sympathetic
13 Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use each word
once only.
ambitious greedy polite sociable brave imaginative
proud stubborn grateful kind snobbish tolerant
1) I think I’ll stay here on my own, I’m not feeling very ...... today.
2) Diana wants to get to the top in her company. She is very ........ .
3) It’s not ………….................. to stare at people and say nothing!
4) I think you have to be very ………................... to write a novel.
5) Thank you for helping me. It was very …….................... of you.
6) Peter refuses to change his mind, although he is wrong. He’s so
…………………………………………………………………..... .
7) It was very .................... of Sheila to put out the fire on her own.
8) Our neighbours look down on us. They are a bit ……............... .
9) Don’t eat all the cakes! You really are becoming ......................!
10) If you lend me the money I’ll be very ..................................... .
11) I am very ................................................ of my new motorbike.
12) My parents don’t mind my crazy hair style. They are
very ……………………………………………………………..... .
Ann Johnson has worked at this college for three years. She is a (1)
…………..... employee, and (2) ………....... on well with the other
members of the department. We have all found her to be an excellent
(3) …………........ She has always been (4) …………...... for her
lessons, and is an extremely (5) ………...... member of staff who is
able to work independently. I can always (6) ………..... on her to
45
organise the end of term play, and she has put on some extremely (7)
…………..... productions. Her students often tell me how (8)
…………..... she is, always ready with a smile, and she has been very
(9) ………...... to many of them. In (10) …………..... she is not very
talkative and seems rather (11) …………...... at first, and might not
show her true (12) ………...... in an interview. Her work is excellent,
and she is (13) …………..... to succeed. She is also quite (14)
………......, and has applied for two other positions as Director of
Studies. I think that you can count (15) ………..... Ann to make your
school a success, and I recommend her for the post of Director.
16 Complete each sentence with an adjective from the box. Use each
word once only.
1) When her team lost the cup final, Sue felt very disappointed.
2) I was ………....... when Jack accepted my invitation to dinner but
didn’t come.
3) Mark was ………..…..... when he saw smoke coming from the
plane’s engine.
4) Thanks for your letter. I’m …............ to hear that you are feeling
better.
5) David was ............................ to tell his parents that he had been sent
to prison.
6) After running for fifteen kilometres, Christine felt completely .... .
47
1) The children were happy because their teacher was in a good mood.
2) ............................. to Mr Dawson, our car was repaired in time for
our holiday.
48
20 Read the text. Some of the lines are correct and some have a word
which should not be there. Find this word.
A What is Smart?
The British are ever generally regarded as the most
1 untidily dressed people in Europe, but I have often
2 thought that to the opposite is true. Take, for example,
3 the wearing of jeans. In many southern European
4 countries, it seems more perfectly acceptable for
5 both teachers and office staff to wear jeans, whereas
6 in Britain jeans are been considered far too
7 casual and are only acceptable if the work is so
8 dirty or unskilled. One office workers in Britain must
9 follow a very much strict dress code. Even in the hottest
10 weather, male employees are most required to wear
11 a suit and tie and female employees who must be
12 dressed in a skirt and tights. In these schools, the
13 dress code is not quite so formal, but staff still tend
14 to wear out shirts and smartish trousers or skirts.
15 The British may not be as stylish as like their European
16 counterparts, but a dress code still does then exist.
B Being Superstitious
Many people are superstitious about different things.
One particular superstition, however, which it is shared
1 by the many people of the world, is the belief that
2 the number 13 is an unlucky number. This is why some
3 buildings do not have a 13th floor, and why some of
50
TEXT 1
Pre-Reading
A Does your opinion of yourself fully coincide with what other people
think of you? Is it easy to be fairly objective in characterizing your
own self? Give your arguments.
Reading
Read the text “It’s Мe, Oh Lord!” and do the exercises that follow.
It’s Me, Oh Lord!
Hi, I’m Tom Bailey, or Thomas Millhouse Bailey, to be exact.
Thomas is my first name, or given name, or Christian name. Millhouse
is my middle name and Bailey is my family name or surname. This is
what my birth certificate says. But never mind it, nobody calls me this
way, just Tom or Tommy for short. You may very well forget my
middle name, too. God alone knows where it came from, even my
folks wouldn’t give me a straight answer. It just sounded O.K. to them,
I guess. Well, so be it, here I’m: Thomas Millhouse Bailey, whether
you like it or not.
53
stick my neck out too far. I let them have their say in all matters we
discuss. All should be fair and square, right? Otherwise they might say
I’m looking down on people, which is not at all true. I just enjoy being
driving force behind each talk. Talking is indeed my cup of tea. I never
feel ill at ease with strangers, let alone with those of my age. They call
me easy-going and free-wheeling. And what’s wrong with that?
Speaking about myself first doesn’t mean I’m selfish. I’m doing
it out of convenience so that you could figure out at once what kind of
person I am, what my likes and dislikes are or whether you really can
stomach the way I’m presenting my story. I admit my language may
sound rather reckless, but that’s the way the cookie crumbles, that’s the
way things are, I can’t help it. That’s my style and my image. Let’s be
democratic, at least for some little while, O.K.?
Post-Reading
1) All should be fair and square. 2) I’m not looking down on people.
3) I just enjoy being driving force behind each talk. 4) I never feel ill at
ease with strangers. 5) You could figure out at once. 6) Stomach the
way I’m presenting my story. 7) a chatter-box.
D Explain in English.
1) What does Tom do? 2) What does he look like? 3) Does he care
much about his appearance? 4) What is so special about him? 5) How
does he get on with other people?
G Write down some 200 words about yourself and present your story
in front of the class.
56
TEXT 2
Pre-Reading
Reading
Read the texts ‘Calling All Eccentrics’ and ‘The Joys of Eccentricity’
and do the exercises that follow.
the name of the legendary British outlaw who lived there in the twelfth
century. Another eccentric is a social worker but lives in a cave and
does long charity walks wearing pyjamas. A third spends all his time in
bed and a fourth lives only on potatoes.
Dr Weeks has found that such oddballs have certain features in
common, they are often eldest children raised in strict homes.
Many have strange eating or sleeping habits and, although
frequently impatient with other people, are generally uncompetitive
and hate sports. They are poor conversationalists, but are often highly
educated and read far more than ordinary people. They are often
creative and inventive, especially in the scientific field. Not surprising
eccentrics tend to live alone and they are more likely to be men. They
outnumber women by two to one.
If you are an eccentric, you can take heart from Dr Week’s
study. Eccentrics are less likely to be mentally ill than more
conventional people and, in his view, provide some harmless, welcome
relief from ordinary people. But different societies treat their eccentrics
differently, so Dr Weeks has now started a new study into American
eccentrics.
Elizabeth Burke. From “BBC English”
Post-Reading
D Can you give any example of eccentric behaviour from your life
experience (people whom you have met in your life)?
TEXT 3
Pre-Reading
Reading
Read the text “Who’s Nuts? Who’s Reserved?” and do the exercises
that follow.
Who’s Nuts? Who’s Reserved?
country house from his father, he hired hundreds of workmen and gave
them strict orders that they must not look at him or speak to him. Any
workmen who disobeyed were dismissed immediately.
The Duke hated meeting people and never invited anyone to his
house, but ordered the workmen to build the largest ballroom in
England – underground of course, plus a splendid library and an
enormous billiard room.
The only time the Duke ever left his underground home was at
night. A female servant used to walk several yards ahead of him
holding a light – with orders never to speak or look behind. The Duke
was also a bit crazy in the way he dressed, wearing a floor-length fur
coat in midsummer and always carrying an umbrella whatever the
weather. If he saw anyone who might try to speak to him he used to put
up the umbrella and hide behind it.
Not all the English are as the Duke, but it is true to say that most
of us are crazy about animals. Francis Henry Egerton, eighth Earl of
Bridgewater, for example, was mad about dogs. He had over a dozen of
them, and used to take them riding with him in his carriage.
He disliked human company, and never invited people to dinner,
but always dined with six of his favourite dogs. They were brought to
table dressed fashionably and wearing soft leather boots. Each was
seated at his place, and a napkin tied around his neck by a servant. The
meal was served, the dogs ate off plates, and the Earl conversed with
his canine company.
And if we aren’t crazy about animals, then we’re probably mad
about sports like John Mytton who was nuts about hunting and
shooting duck, preferably stark naked, even in midwinter.
Mandy Loader
62
Post–Reading
A Don’t you think that the Duke of Portland was eccentric rather than
shy? Give your arguments.
D Skim the text “Many Britons Prefer Pets …” and give its summary.
Many Britons Prefer Pets to People,
Children, Money and Jobs
London. Many British people prefer their household pets to their
spouses, their children, their jobs and even money, according to a
survey published.
One in 10 people questioned by Options magazine considered
their pets more important to their happiness than their marital partners.
About one in five said pets were more important than children,
and more than a third of those questioned thought pets were more
important than a job.
Nearly half of those who responded put pets above money.
A total of 94 per cent said they would prefer to spend time with
their pets rather than watch television.
More than half of pet owners who answered the questionnaire
made it clear that given the choice between staying at home with their
four-legged friends and socializing with people, they would stay at
home.
63
E How can you account for such a passionate love of the British
for their home pets?
TEXT 4
Pre-Reading
Reading
would simply call him a tramp. His name was Barney Teller. Barney
always asked for a cup of hot water – he always brought his own
teabag – and got great pleasure from discussing what he called
‘philosophical questions’.
Once the question was ‘What is happiness?’ The question caught
me by surprise; as strange as it may seem I’m not asked such questions
very often, and so I had to think about it for a long time.
‘Well’, I began, ‘I suppose that for many people happiness
means having enough to eat, a warm place to stay in winter, good
health and enough money for the basic necessities of life.’ I was just
about to go into matters of spiritual happiness, when Barney
interrupted me.
‘Ah, but’, he said, ‘why is it that so many people wish they had
more than just that? Why are they unhappy in spite of their 4-bedroom
houses, dish-washers, deep-freezers, electric tin-openers, electric tooth-
brushes, colour TV’s, big cars and two foreign holidays every year?
Are these things necessities of life?’
Then Barney added that he personally was very happy, even
though he had nothing and never looked for happiness.
‘I don’t wish I were rich or had more money. I don’t even wish I
had a warm place to sleep tonight. I’ll be happy as long as I can walk
and breathe... as long as I can be free’ he said.
This made me think of a poster I had once seen... perhaps you
have seen it, too, but just in case you haven’t I’ll describe it for you.
The poster shows a beautiful butterfly with beautiful gold and red
wings and this beautiful gold and red-winged butterfly had just landed
on someone’s shoulder... and the poster said ‘Happiness is like a
butterfly. If you try to catch it, it will fly away. But if you forget about
it and get on with your life, it may just land on your shoulder.’
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Post-Reading
TEXT 5
Pre-Reading
Reading
Read the text “Attitude is Everything” and do the exercises that follow.
Attitude is Everything
Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was always in a
good mood and always had something positive to say. When someone
would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, “If I were any
better, I would be twins!” He was a unique manager because he had
several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to
restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his
attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad
day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to look on the positive
side of the situation.
67
Wanna see my scars?” I declined to see his wounds, but did ask him
what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place.
“The first thing that went through my mind was that I should
have locked the back door,” Jerry replied. “Then, as I lay on the floor, I
remembered that I had two choices: I could choose to live, or I could
choose to die. I chose to live.”
“Weren’t you scared? Did you lose consciousness?” I asked.
Jerry continued, “The paramedics were great. They kept telling
me I was going to be fine. But when they wheeled me into the
emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors
and nurses, I got really scared. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man’.
I knew I needed to take action.”
“What did you do?” I asked.
“Well, there was a big, burly nurse shouting questions at me,”
said Jerry. “She asked if I was allergic to anything. ‘Yes,’ I replied.
The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply, I
took a deep breath and yelled, ‘Bullets!’ Over their laughter, I told
them, ‘I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.’
”
Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of
his amazing attitude. I learned from him that every day we have the
choice to live fully. Attitude, after all, is everything.
Post-Reading
1) Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate; 2) If I were any better, I
would be twins; 3) When you cut away all the junk ….... ; 4) We lost
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UNIT 2
HOME, HOUSE AND FACILITIES
Starting-Up
There are many different types of housing in Britain, ranging
from the traditional thatched country cottage to flats in the centre of
towns. Houses are often described by the period in which they were
built (e. g., Georgian, Victorian, 1930s, or post-war) and whether they
are terraced, semi-detached or detached. As well as preferring houses
to flats, for many people a garden is also an important consideration.
Although Britain is relatively small the areas where people live vary
considerably: there are new towns and inner cities, suburbs, commuter
belts and the open countryside.
house is part of a pair and is joined on one side to its partner. The semi
usually has a small back and front garden, three bedrooms and a small
bathroom. It is the most popular type of house in Britain and could be
called the home of ‘Mr. and Mrs. Average’. Towns in Britain have
areas which contain streets and streets of semis, often with well-kept
gardens.
d. Britain is famous for its country cottages which were often built on
the country estates of wealthy landowners. The workers on the estate
rented the cottages from the landowner and worked on the land.
Cottages were also frequently built around a village green. Cottages
have low ceilings, wooden beams and sometimes a thatched roof. In
recent years some cottages have become second homes, bought by
professionals during the economic boom of the 1980s.
e. In the 1950s and 1960s local councils cleared a lot of the slums in
the inner city areas and knocked down terraced houses in very poor
areas. The people were re-housed in tower blocks on the outskirts of
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the city or in the centre of the city. Tower blocks can vary from 3-5
storeys high up to 10-20 storeys high. Each storey contains 5 or 6 flats
for families. In recent years local councils have tried to improve the
areas around tower blocks by creating ‘green space’, children’s
playgrounds and facilities for the community to use. Some tower
blocks in large cities like London can be very dangerous at night and
they have been criticised for their long dark corridors, which encourage
crime and vandalism.
g. The town house, which can be found in the inner areas of most
cities, is an exception to the general pattern. There is great variety
regarding both design and use. They often have three or more floors,
perhaps including a basement or semi-basement. Although they are
usually terraced, those that are well-preserved and in a ‘good’ area may
be thought highly desirable. Many have been broken up into flats or
rooms for rent. Most of the comparatively small number of people who
rent from private owners live in flats of this kind.
73
2 Using the information you have read above try to guess which type
of house is meant in the following sentences.
1) A …........................… house not only ensures privacy, but is also
a status symbol.
2) Most people would be happy to live in a ….....................…….. ,
reminiscent of pre-industrial age.
3) The dislike of living in ……......…..… is very strong in Britain.
4) In other countries millions of people live reasonably happily
in ......................................................................................................... .
5) ....…....................……. at the end of the row are a bit more
desirable – they are the most like a semi-detached.
6) A ……..............................… house usually has no way through to
the back except through the house itself.
7) Many older people dream of going to live in a …......................
when they retire.
3 Try to explain which of these homes is the best for the following
people.
Vocabulary Focus
2 Study the kinds of flats given below. Speak on their good and bad
points. Which one is more to your liking?
6 Fill in the blanks with the words of the same root. The first is
given as an example.
B Write down six sentences of your own using any items from the
lists above.
they like to put down roots. So, the desire to own the place where
you live is almost universal in Britain.
Discussion Focus
1 Work in small groups and find out from your partners:
if they like or dislike their present home
what differences between homes in their country and Britain
are
79
2 Which of the facilities in the list do you use often? Which ones
do you think are important? Are there any other facilities not
mentioned which you would like to have in your neighbourhood?
3 Describe the location of the house you live in. Make use of the
vocabulary given below.
4 A Discuss with your partners what your ideal living room should
contain.
81
1) Make a list of the furniture items and other household things the
newly married couple got for their first home.
2) If you were in their place, would you need anything else essential
for starting a family life?
Back to Nature
I am one of the many city people who are always saying that
given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the
dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if
it weren’t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces
and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But
how realistic is this dream?
Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population
live in massive tower blocks, noisy, squalid and impersonal. The sense
of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen
floors up. All you can see from your window is the sky, or other blocks
of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous – cooped up at home
all day, with nowhere to play: their mothers feel isolated from the rest
of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of
one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in
tower blocks don’t even say hello to each other.
Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated
existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants
of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that
there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country
life has disadvantages too.
While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is
also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events
that take place in cities. There’s little possibility of going to a new
show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for
anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to
the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is
often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.
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1) Say if you share the author’s views on the country and town life.
Does the author sound convincing in his reasoning?
traffic jams; overcrowded buses; quiet and peaceful; lose touch with
nature; air-conditioned existence; more chances of employment; plenty
of fresh air; high rents; high crime rate; a feeling of belonging to the
community; isolated existence; more opportunity to succeed in life;
high cost of living; dull life; a big variety of entertainment; a house of
85
your own; more stressful; packed trains; difficult to control; big stores;
the rush-hour.
A Read the interviews of four Londoners and do the tasks that follow.
Shirley Wilson: ‘I don’t think it’s very safe, but I should not want to
live anywhere else. I am very wary when using transport but the
dangers are part of city life. I like everything in London, the theatres
and the cinemas, but the people are less friendly than elsewhere.’
Jad Adams: ‘The bad things like crime and high house prices are
exaggerated. People have always felt life was worse in the cities but if
they hated it that much they would live in Milton Keynes.’
Sallika Wijesinghe: ‘I don’t go out after six at night. When I first came
to England about 20 years ago you could walk the streets at two a.m.
without fear, but I have been mugged and abused and will not go out
alone. It is an amusing and entertaining place, but there is too much
86
B Tick which points each speaker mentions. Explain what they said
about each point.
Entertainment Safety Transport Money Litter People
Peter .................................................................................................
Shirley …………………................……………………...………...
Jad ………............…….....………….…………………..………....
Sallika ……………….........……………………….…………….
C What is your own town or city like? Exchange the information with
your patners.
7 Over the recent years there seems to have been a swing against the
popularity of high-rise buildings
A Discuss with your patners strong and weak points of living in high-
rise houses.
C Say if your ideas are in any way similar to those of the author.
1) What new facts do you learn from the interview about high-rise
buildings?
2) Explain the notion of ‘vandalism’.
3) Can you guess what Professor Hill’s suggestions are? What are
your ideas about preventing vandalism?
4) Now read Professor Hill’s answer and compare it with yours.
A Scan the three descriptions and underline all the place words you
can find. List the words under the following headings.
B Add any other words you know, and then compare your lists with
those of your partners.
a. My dream home would be a large flat on the top floor of a
luxury apartment block in a quiet residential area of a large
city. There would be parks and other open spaces around,
and it would be quite close to mountains. I wouldn’t want it
to be a seaside resort, but it shouldn’t be too far from the
coast.
D What will the 21st century houses be like? Discuss it with your
partners.
9 People sell, buy houses and also let them for rent
A What do you think people pay attention to when buying a house?
Discuss it with your partners.
for local shops and city buses. Period hall, good-sized lounge, dining
room, utility room/storeroom, electric storage heaters, double-glazing,
charming mature garden, garage.
Practising Vocabulary
1 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to
the underlined phrases.
1) I live in a Council House. 2) Rents are quite reasonable in this part
of the city. 3) I hope you’ve settled down comfortably in your new
home. 4) We’ve just moved in, that’s why our living room is in such a
92
3 Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. The first sentence is an
example.
Moving House
a) It’s much healthier to live in a country area, far away from the city.
....rural....
b) Sue has just moved to a nearby town.
c) We lived in the middle of nowhere in an out of the way cottage.
d) Paris is the most important city of France.
e) There is not a lot of world news in this newspaper.
f) I do my shopping at the neighbourhood shops, not in the town
centre.
g) At weekends the town centre is always full of people.
h) There is far too much pollution nowadays in city areas.
6 Use two words from the list to make a word and use the new word to
complete the sentence. One word is used twice.
dust room book down flower stairs wash ash basin
chair bin key arm bed case dish hole tray washer
b) Sarah spent all afternoon sitting in a large .... in front of the TV.
c) I left my socks soaking in the ........................... in the bathroom.
d) Do you think you could put all your rubbish outside in the ...... ?
e) There is a beautiful ........ full of roses right outside my window.
f) Don’t worry about the washing-up. We’ll put everything in
the ........................................................................................................ .
g) I can’t open the front door. Something is stuck in the ............... .
h) If you really insist on smoking, please use this ......................... .
i) Can you come ................ ? There’s someone at the door for you.
j) In this .......................... are the dictionaries and an encyclopedia.
9 Complete each sentence with a verb from the list in a suitable form.
You can use a verb more than once.
10 Fill the gaps in this passage with this, their, a, the, or 0 (i.e. no
article). Give a summary of the text.
a) Please sit down and make yourself. 4) at home, while I make tea.
b) Many of our language students share …………............…….... .
c) I like Do-It-Yourself, but I’ve decided to have …...........……... .
d) Alan seems to have so many clothes that he can never find ….. .
e) If you can’t find the house you can always ask for …….....…... .
f) Susan lives on the tenth floor of ……….............................….... .
g) If you are short of money you can buy ….......................……... .
h) As we live in a semi-detached house, we hear ……........…….. .
The house is situated among beautiful (1) .....b....., two miles from the
nearest village, surrounded by (2) .................. On a (3) .................. a
short distance from the house is a (4) ............., and a small (5)
….............. flows past the end of the garden, which also contains a
small (6) …......... The name of the house, Rose Cottage, is on the
garden (7) ..........., from which a (8) ........... leads to the (9).............
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door. On the (10) .............. floor there is a large (11) …........... room, a
dining room, a kitchen, and (12) …...... and toilet. (13) …......... there
are three bedrooms. There is also a garage next to the house. The
village has a post (14) ............, pub and supermarket, and there is a
railway (15) ................ three miles away.
1) a) view b) scenery c) sights d) looks
2) a) grass b) flats c) earth d) fields
3) a) mountain b) peak c) hill d) summit
4) a) wood b) greenery c) jungle d) forest
5) a) river b) channel c) stream d) canal
6) a) lake b)bath c) water d)pond
7) a) gate b) door c) opening d) entrance
8) a) road b) path c) way d) pavement
9) a) forward b) front c) first d) further
10) a) bottom b) back c) ground d) earth
11) a) lounge b) seating c) saloon d) living
12) a) bath b) bathroom c) basin d) washing
13) a) Over b) Up c) Upstairs d) Higher
14) a) shop b) centre c) place d) office
15) a) station b) stop c) post d) base
13 Fill each space with a word from the list and make a compound
word.
c) You have to turn left when you reach the next round ................ .
d) We can’t leave the car here. We’ll have to look for a car .......... .
e) Follow this foot ........................... until you reach the main road.
f) There was an old woman selling fruit at the road ……….......... .
g) Paula lives on the out ..................................... of the town, where the
countryside begins.
h) You can cross the railway line by walking over a foot ….......... .
14 Read the following ads and write down paragraphs to describe the
houses they offer, using full grammatical sentences. The ad in italics is
given as an example.
c. Kensington W.8.
Beautiful, detached house on quiet street. Fully furnished. 2 lge. recep.
rms., 3 beds., bath. Sep.W.C., kit. and util.rm., cloakrm., lge. gge,
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THREE ROOMS
85 ST 26 W. 3rm apts, hi ceils, full mod kchns & bth, frpl, lge closets,
nr subway. $ 865. See Mr.White or call 988-9128.
f. House – Connecticut
WESTPORT - 9 rms, 3 bdrms, livrm w/ frplce, all air-cond, 2-car gar,
lge bsmt, lge kitch. John SMITH. Real Estate Agent (201) 637-3644
e) In the corner of Joe’s room was a small library for his books.
f) All round the garden there was a high wooden wall.
g) On the roof-tops Tina could see a tall fireplace pouring out
smoke.
h) The floor of the kitchen is a bit lower, so mind the stair.
Some people like the city. Some like the country. I like the city
because it is more interesting from the country. The city is expensive
than the country, but it’s worth it. The restaurants are much better, and
entertainment is more available. Store hours are convenienter, so you
can go shopping any time, day or night.
I enjoy walking around the city. It is true that the country is
clean than the city, and it is also more quiet. But city streets are more
exciting. There is always something happening.
For me the city is definitely nicer that the country, and I hope to
remain here.
17 Agree with the following statements using the verb prompts. The
first one is done as an example:
10 Modern flats often don’t have enough r.......... to store things in.
11 Books are usually kept in a b..................... or on s...................s.
12 Even though their house has c..................... h..................... there is a
fireplace in the l..................... .
13 In a bedroom, clothes are kept in a ........................................... .
14 The most important thing about a house or flat is that it should
be .................................. .
Pre-Reading
A From the information you already know try to guess which type of
house is the most popular in Britain from the viewpoint of ownership.
Why?
Reading
The desire to own the place where you live is almost universal
in Britain. However, house prices are high. This dilemma is overcome
by the mortgage system, which is probably a more established aspect
of everyday life than it is anywhere else in the world. About 70% of all
the houses in the country are occupied by their owners and almost all
of these were bought with a mortgage. At any one time, half of these
are owned by people who have borrowed 80% (or even more) of their
price and are now paying this money back month by month. The
normal arrangement is for the borrower to pay back the money over a
period of twenty to twenty-five years. The financial institutions known
as ‘building societies’ were originally set up to provide mortgages. In
the 1980s, however, regulations were relaxed, so that banks now offer
mortgages as well.
People are happy to take out mortgages because house prices
normally increase a bit faster than the general cost of living. Therefore,
most people can make a profit when they sell their house. So strong is
this expectation that phrases such as ‘first-time buyer’ and ‘second-
107
time buyer’ are well-known. The former can only afford one of the
cheaper houses available. But around ten years later, when some of
their mortgage has been paid off, they can become the latter. They sell
their house at a profit and move into a more expensive house.
Although nearly everybody wants to own their house, it is only
in the last quarter of the twentieth century that a majority of people
have done so. Before that time, most working-class people lived in
rented accommodation. At one time, most of them rented from private
landlords, some of whom exploited them badly. In the 1950s and
1960s, however, millions of homes were built by local government
authorities. By 1977, two-thirds of all tenants lived in these ‘council
houses’ (or, in some cases, flats). Council rents are subsidized, so they
are low. Each local council keeps a waiting list of households who
want to move into a council property. The order of preference is
worked out by a complicated set of priorities. Once they are given a
council house, tenants have security; that is, they do not have to move
out even if they become rich.
From 1950 to 1980 the proportion of owner-occupiers gradually
increased. The ambition to own was made easier by policies of tax
relief. Some of the interest which people paid on their mortgage could
be subtracted from the income tax they had to pay and people selling
their houses did not have to pay ‘capital gains tax’ on any profit. With
both owner-occupiers and council tenants increasing in numbers, the
percentage of people who rented from private landlords became one of
the lowest in the world — and continues to be so.
Then during the 1980s, the number of owner-occupiers
increased more sharply. A major part of the philosophy of Thatcherism
(under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher) was the idea of the
‘property-owning democracy’. Council tenants were allowed to buy
their council houses and were given financial incentives to do so. The
deregulation of mortgage-lending also encouraged house-buying. So
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Post-Reading
F Scan the two small texts below and mark the key words/phrases.
Compare your list with that of your partner.
do not often deal with places for rent, although there are special
lettings agencies.
Another possible way of finding somewhere to live is to ‘squat’.
Squatters are people who occupy empty houses without paying rent. If
you do not cause any damage when moving in to an empty house, you
have not broken the law. If the owner wants to get you out, he or she
has to get an order from the court to have you evicted.
Alternatively, you could become a ‘New Age Traveller’ and live
in a bus, coach or van, moving from place to place.
H Discuss with your partners what facts the texts above add to the
ideas developed in Text I.
TEXT II
Pre-Reading
B Find out if anyone knows what the letters ‘B and B’ stand for and
what the word ‘crown’ means in relation to hotels.
112
Reading
Accommodation
The range of accommodation in Britain is vast, from first class
hotels to camping and caravan sites. You can book accommodation in
advance from your own country through your travel agent or directly
with the establishment you want to stay in. You can also book in
advance when you’ve arrived in Britain through certain Tourist
Information Centres (TICs). If you are travelling to the more popular
places in Britain during the peak holiday season, May-October, it is
advisable to book accommodation in advance.
The national tourist boards for England, Scotland and Wales
publish accommodation guides called Where to Stay. They are
available from bookshops and TICs.
Hotels
Guest houses
Guest houses are smaller and cheaper than hotels. They will
probably have fewer facilities than most hotels: there may not be a bar,
nor private bathrooms. In addition to the bedrooms there will be a
living room for the use of guests and a dining room. Some guest houses
offer bed and breakfast only, others offer lunch and dinner.
The tourist boards inspect hotels and guest houses throughout
Britain every year and classify them according to the facilities and
services they provide. There are six classifications: ‘listed’ (included in
a list, catalog, or directory) and one to five crowns. The more crowns a
hotel or guest house has, the wider its range of facilities and services is.
‘Approved’, ‘commended’ or ‘highly commended’ alongside the
crowns means that the standards are particularly high. A leaflet
explaining the classifications is available free from TICs.
Bed and breakfast, often shortened to ‘B and B’, is the name for
establishments which offer bed and breakfast but not usually any other
meals. B and Bs are generally cheaper than hotels and guest houses and
are found all over Britain. Some are private houses run by the families
who live there; others are pubs; and some are farm houses on working
farms. B and Bs generally give you a chance to meet British people at
home and to practise your English.
Some B and Bs offer an evening meal; you should check in
advance if you require this.
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Youth hostels
Post-Reading
A Make a list of types of accommodation for visitors to the UK
mentioned in the text.
TEXT III
Pre-Reading
Reading
Read the text “Just What We Are Looking For!!!” and do the tasks that
follow.
117
museum. I turned on the tap, and once again nothing happened. ‘The
water needs to be reconnected. We’ll get the plumber to do it. It’s no
problem,’ the agent said.
Upstairs there were two bedrooms and a bathroom with low
ceilings and which were, despite being hidden in the roof, still quite
cool. The bathroom had no bath and not much room, but a beautiful
view over the garden. The basin was filthy with the dirt of the years
during which the place had been unoccupied. I sat on the brass bed in
the dusty bedroom, and looked round, thinking, not bad, not bad at all.
In my mind, I could see the house with new curtains and carpets, our
own furniture, which had been in store for several months, books on
the shelves, beds made up, lengthy lunches on the terrace, endless
summers and warm winters. I could do most of the work myself.
I went down downstairs and the agent looked at me hopefully. It
was worth the lengthy search, the dusty visits to endless houses, the
depressing inspections of grim flats, to see his smile when I said to
him, ‘It’s just what we’re looking for.’
Post-Reading
A Mark all the place words you can find and list them under the
following headings.
B Match the words from the text with their definitions. Mind that there
are two extra definitions.
119
1. What do you think of this house for sale? 2. What details create a
negative impression about the house? Give as many words and phrases
from the text as you can to support your answer. 3. What were the
positive features about the house that impressed the story-teller
favourably? 4. Why do you think the story-teller made up his mind to
buy the house?
TEXT IV
Pre-Reading
A Some people say they would like to live on an island. Do you know
why? What about you? Discuss it with your partners.
B Skim the text for the geographical names and say where these
places are situated.
D What do you know about Nobel prize, one of the most prestigious
international awards?
Reading
Read through the text “Master of All You Survey” and do the tasks that
follow.
Master of All You Survey.
Farhan Vladi may have just the island for you.
Post-Reading
TEXT V
Pre-Reading
B Make sure you know English names of at least ten tools which can
be helpful in doing some little repairs about the house, e.g.: ladder,
hammer, nails, etc.
Reading
Read through the text ‘Do-it-Yourself’ and do the tasks that follow.
Do-It-Yourself
Some people would say that the Englishman’s home is no longer
his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the
average Englishman is keen on working with his hands and partly
because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself
many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired
professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one: the high
cost of labour has meant that builders’ and decorators’ costs have
reached a level which makes them prohibitive for house-proud English
people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking
bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating
themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what
is sometimes referred to as the ‘Do-It-Yourself Movement’.
The ‘Do-It-Yourself Movement’ began with home decorating
but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to
be very few things that cannot be made by the ‘do-it-yourself’ method.
A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful
handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee
table to a fifteen foot (4.5 metres) sailing dinghy. All you need, it
125
seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions
step-by-step and, before you know where you are, the finished article
stands before you, complete in every detail.
Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite as simple as it sounds!
Many a budding ‘do-it-yourselfer’ has found to his cost that one cannot
learn a skilled craftsman’s job overnight. How quickly one realises,
when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or
so to complete takes the amateur handyman five or six at least. And
then there is the question of tools. The first thing the amateur learns is
that he must have the right tools for the job. But tools cost money.
There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then
that many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of
paying professionals to do the work is, in the long run, more
economical than ‘doing it oneself.
Post-Reading
References
1. ACKLAM, R., BURGESS, S. Advanced Gold. Coursebook.
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128
CONTENTS
FOREWOR
........................................................................................3
UNIT I.............................................................................5
Starting – Up..........................................................5
Vocabulary Focus....................................................6
Discussion Focus..................................................24
Practicing Vocabulary............................................34
UNIT 2...........................................................................69
Starting-Up...........................................................69
Vocabulary Focus..................................................72
Discussion Focus..................................................77
Practising Vocabulary............................................90
Reading.............................................................105
References..................................................................125
130
Учебное издание
Учебно-методическое пособие
по устной практике английского языка
В двух частях
Часть 1
2-е издание, исправленное и переработанное
В авторской редакции
Ответственный за выпуск А.Г. Храмченков
Технический редактор Т.В. Жибуль
Художник обложки О.А.Стасевич
Компьютерная верстка Н.М. Азаревич