Фразовые Глаголы В - Английском Языке

УДК 811.111(075.
4)
ББК 81.2Англ-9
И 48
В оформлении обложки использована фотография:

Elnur / Shutterstock.com и иллюстрации: Matthew Cole
Используется по лицензии от Shutterstock.com;
ayelet keshet, fredy sujono,
blueringmedia / Istockphoto / Thinkstock / Fotobank.ru
Книга издана при поддержке

Агентства современных специалистов и авторов
Оформление М. Левыкина
Ильченко, Валерия Витальевна.

И 48 Фразовые глаголы в английском языке / В.В. Ильченко. –
Москва : Эксмо, 2015. – 288 с. – (Язык без репетитора).
ISBN 978-5-699-77669-6
Цель предлагаемого учебного пособия – помочь получить, систематизиро-
вать и закрепить знания об английских фразовых глаголах для практического
применения в письменной и устной речи. Тематическая подача материала, спи-
ски фразовых глаголов с примерами и переводом, а также наличие упражнений
с ключами дают возможность легко и быстро разобраться с материалом любой
сложности, окажут существенную помощь при подготовке к тестам и экзаменам.
Пособие предназначено для широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский
язык в школах, вузах, на курсах, с преподавателем или самостоятельно.
УДК 811.111(075.4)
ББК 81.2Англ-9
© Ильченко В.В., 2014

ISBN 978-5-699-77669-6 © ООО «Издательство «Эксмо», 2015
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ʝʐʨʗʔ ʠʑʔʓʔʜʗʮ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 5
ͳǤ FOOD Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ12
ʹǤ TRAVEL Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ19
͵Ǥ HEALTHǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ27
ͶǤ KEEPING FIT Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ34
ͷǤ TIMEǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ41
REVISION ͳȄͷǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ48
͸Ǥ DESCRIBING PEOPLEǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ55
͹Ǥ FEELINGSǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ62
ͺǤ RELATIONSHIPS Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ69
ͻǤ STAGES THROUGH LIFE Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ76
ͳͲǤ DAILY ROUTINES Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ83
REVISION ͸ȄͳͲǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ90
ͳͳǤ STUDYING Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ98
ͳʹǤ JOBS AND CAREERS Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 105
ͳ͵Ǥ BUSINESSǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 113
ͳͶǤ CHANGEǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 121
ͳͷǤ COMMUNICATION Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 129
REVISION ͳͳȄͳͷ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 136
ͳ͸Ǥ DRIVING Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 143
ͳ͹Ǥ TELEPHONING Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 150
ͳͺǤ TECHNOLOGY Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 157
ͳͻǤ COMPUTERS Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 165
ʹͲǤ MASS MEDIAǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 173
REVISION ͳ͸ȄʹͲ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 181
ʹͳǤ WEATHERǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 187
ʹʹǤ MEMORY Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 194
ʹ͵Ǥ DESCRIBING PLACES Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 201
3
PHRASAL VERBS
ʹͶǤ MONEY MATTERSǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 209
ʹͷǤ EXCLAMATIONS AND WARNINGSǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 216
REVISION ʹͳȄʹͷ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 223
ʹ͸Ǥ SIGNS Ƭ HEADLINES Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 229
ʹ͹Ǥ PHRASAL NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 237
ʹͺǤ IDIOMS USING PHRASAL VERBS Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 245
ʹͻǤ NEW PHRASAL VERBS Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 252
͵ͲǤ INFORMAL LANGUAGE Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 259
REVISION ʹ͸Ȅ͵Ͳ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 266
VOCABULARY Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ 273
4
ОБЩИЕ
СВЕДЕНИЯ
` Что такое фразовый глагол

I. ʛːˑˉˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ ˔ˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑˆˑ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˢˊ˞ˍ˃
ˏˈːˢˡ˕ ˑ˕˕ˈːˍˋ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˃ ˅ ˊ˃˅ˋ˔ˋˏˑ˔˕ˋ ˑ˕ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˔ ˍ˃ˍˋˏˋ
˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ ˑːˋ ˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢǤ ʜˑ ˋːˑˆˇ˃ ˏ˞ ˋˏˈˈˏ ˇˈˎˑ
˔ ˕˃ˍˋˏˋ ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢˏˋǡ ˅ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˔ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙ˈˌ ˒˓ˋˑ˄-
˓ˈ˕˃ˈ˕ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˈǡ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚ːˑˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˑ˕ ˔ˏ˞˔-
ˎ˃ ˔˃ˏˑˆˑ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃Ǥ
ʡ˃ˍˋˈ ˖˔˕ˑˌ˚ˋ˅˞ˈ ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ ː˃ˊ˞˅˃ˡ˕˔ˢ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞-
ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǡ ˋˎˋ ˏːˑˆˑ˔ˎˑ˅ː˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ȋmulti-word
verbsȌǤ
1. Tara looked up and saw a rainbow in the sky.— Тара
посмотрела вверх и увидела в небе радугу.
ʑ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˋ ːˈ˕ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ǣ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ ˔ˑ-
˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ looked up ˔ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋˊ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ look
ˋ ː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢ upǤ
2. I always look new words up in the dictionary. — Я всегда
ищу новые слова в словаре.
ʑ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˋ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˈ look up ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ
˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏǣ ˈˆˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ ːˈ ˔ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋˊ ˊː˃˚ˈ-
ːˋˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ look ˋ ː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢ upǤ
5
PHRASAL VERBS
II. ʠˑ˔˕˃˅ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˄˞˕˟ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˏǣ
ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎΪ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ или ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎΪˇ˅ˈ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˞
ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˈˋˎˋ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆȌ ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˈˋ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆȌǣ
t bring forward Ȅ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ Ϊ ː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˈ

t look after Ȅ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ Ϊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ
t get through to Ȅ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ Ϊ ː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˈ Ϊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ
IIIǤ ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ȋ˄˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ Ϊ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃Ȍ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˈˇˋː˞ˏ

˚ˎˈːˑˏ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǣ “Pullǳ Ȅ Ǽ˕ˢː˖˕˟ǡ ˇˈ˓ˆ˃˕˟ǽ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ
ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏ ˋ “pull upǳ Ȅ Ǽ˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟ǽ ˕˃ˍˉˈ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˆˎ˃-
ˆˑˎˑˏǡ ˃ ˅ˑ˕ “pull upǳ Ȅ Ǽ˕ˢː˖˕˟ ˅˅ˈ˓˘ǽ ˑ˔˕˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏ
ˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙ˈˌǤ
Roger pulled the curtain aside. — Роджер отдёрнул штору.
The car pulled up at the café. — Машина затормозила у кафе.
Anna pulled the flap up. — Анна потянула дверцу
люка вверх.
` Значения фразовых глаголов и их синонимы
I. ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˋˏˈ˕˟ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˌǤ

ʜˑ ˅˔ˈ ˠ˕ˋ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎˑǡ ˢ˅ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢ ˒ˈ˓ˈːˑ˔ː˞ˏˋ
ˍ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˡ ˄˃ˊˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃Ǥ
pick a bag up off the floor — поднять сумку с пола;
pick up tickets from the box-office — забрать билеты из кассы;
pick up a language — выучить язык;
pick up a cold — подцепить простуду;
pick up a bargain — купить (по случаю или недорого);
pick up the trail — напасть на след;
pick up a scent — уловить запах;
pick up a story — продолжить рассказ.
II. ʓˑ˅ˑˎ˟ːˑ ˚˃˔˕ˑ Ȅ ːˑ ːˈ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃Ǩ Ȅ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞

ˋˏˈˡ˕ ˔ˋːˑːˋˏ˞ǡ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːː˞ˈ ˑˇːˋˏ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑˏǤ ʑ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˔ˎ˖-
˚˃ˈ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌˆˎ˃ˆˑˎǡˍ˃ˍ˒˓˃˅ˋˎˑǡˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˈ˕˔ˢ˅˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓-
ːˑˌ ˓ˈ˚ˋǡ ˃ ˈˆˑ Ǽˑˇːˑ˔ˎˑ˅ː˞ˌǽ ˃ː˃ˎˑˆ Ȅ ˅ ˎˋ˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ːˑˌ
ˋˎˋ ˑ˗ˋ˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ːˑǦˇˈˎˑ˅ˑˌ ˓ˈ˚ˋǤ
6
ОБЩИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ
give up — renounce
fall out — quarrel
pick up — improve
` Видо-временные формы фразовых глаголов
IǤ ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ǡˍ˃ˍˋ˅˔ˈ˒˓ˑ˚ˋˈǡˏˑˆ˖˕˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˎˢ˕˟-
˔ˢ ˅ˑ ˅˔ˈ˘ ˅ˋˇˑǦ˅˓ˈˏˈːː˞˘ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˘ǣ
She loads up the washing machine every evening. — Она за-
гружает стиральную машинку каждый вечер.
She is loading up the washing machine now. — Она загружа-
ет стиральную машинку сейчас.
She loaded up the washing machine yesterday. — Она загру-
зила стиральную машинку вчера.
She was loading up the washing machine when you came. —
Она загружала стиральную машинку, когда ты пришел.
She has just loaded up the washing machine. — Она только
что загрузила стиральную машинку.
She had already loaded up the washing machine when you
came. — Она уже загрузила стиральную машинку, когда ты
пришел.
She will load up the washing machine tomorrow. — Она за-
грузит стиральную машинку завтра.
IIǤ ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˄˞˕˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˏˋ ȋˋˏˈ˕˟
˒˓ˢˏˑˈ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈȌ ˋˎˋ ːˈ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˏˋ ȋːˈ ˋˏˈ˕˟ ˒˓ˢ-
ˏˑˆˑ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˢȌǤ ʓˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˄˞˕˟ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˑ ˔˖-
˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏ ˋˎˋ ˏˈ˔˕ˑˋˏˈːˋˈˏǤ
We kept off highways. — переходный
She lives on vegetables. — переходный
The road branched off to the bridge. — непереходный
The rain blew over. — непереходный
ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˄˞˕˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˏˋ
˅ ˑˇːˑˏ ˋˊ ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˌ ˋ ːˈ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˏˋ ˅ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˏǣ
Will you drop me off at the bus stop? — переходный
The film was boring and I soon dropped off. — непереходный
! ʢˊː˃˕˟ǡ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˏ ˋˎˋ ːˈ˒ˈ-

˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˏǡ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˋˎˋ ˒ˑ ˍˑː˕ˈˍ˔˕˖Ǥ
7
PHRASAL VERBS
IIIǤ ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋːˑˆˇ˃ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˋˏˈ˕˟ ˇ˅˃ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˢǤ
ʑ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˈ ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˈ ˋˊ ːˋ˘ ˔˕ˑˋ˕ ˔˓˃ˊ˖ ˉˈ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ǡ
˃ ˅˕ˑ˓ˑˈ Ȅ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˞ǣ
A skilled goldsmith can easily tell a real diamond from
a fake. — Опытный ювелир может легко отличить подлин-
ный брильянт от подделки.
The government has been pouring money into the region. —
Правительство накачивает деньгами этот регион.
IVǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˑ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˋˏˋ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ˏˋǡ ˕ˑ
ˑːˑǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎˑǡ ˔˕ˑˋ˕ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˞ǣ
I stopped to pick up a young girl hitchhiking all over Europe.
The accident cut off water and electricity supplies.
VǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˑ ˎˋ˚ː˞ˏ ˏˈ˔˕ˑˋˏˈːˋˈˏǡ ˕ˑ
ˑːˑǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎˑǡ ˔˕ˑˋ˕ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙ˈˌǣ
Jane put on a new dress. — Jane put a new dress on. —
Jane put it on.
! Jane put on itǤ
ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˏˈːˢˡ˕ ˔˅ˑˈ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˈ

˅ ˊ˃˅ˋ˔ˋˏˑ˔˕ˋˑ˕˕ˑˆˑǡˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢˎˋˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈˑˇ˖˛ˈ˅ˎˈː-
ː˞ˏ ˋˎˋ ːˈˑˇ˖˛ˈ˅ˎˈːː˞ˏ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏǤ
bring upǣ
She has brought up five children. — Она вырастила пятерых
детей. (значение меняется)
She has just brought up this issue. — Она только что подняла
этот вопрос. (значение меняется)
flag down
The police office flagged me down. — Полицейский остано-
вил меня. (значение не меняется)
The police office flagged down a car. — Полицейский остано-
вил машину. (значение не меняется)
` Разделяемые и неразделяемые фразовые глаголы

IǤ ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˏˈˉˇ˖
˄˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏˋ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙ˈˌˏˑˉːˑ˒ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈǣ
базовый глагол + дополнение + частица.
8
ʟ˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏˋ ˢ˅ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢ ˏːˑˆˋˈ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ
ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞Ǥ
! ʓˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˔ ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˏˑˉˈ˕

˔˕ˑˢ˕˟ ˍ˃ˍ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙ˈˌǡ ˕˃ˍ ˋ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ːˈˈǣ
I’ve mucked up my English exam. — I’ve mucked my English
exam up.
Plug in the kettle, please. — Plug the kettle in, please.
IIǤ ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢːˈ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏǡˈ˔ˎˋˏˈˉˇ˖
˄˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏ ˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙ˈˌ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˒ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ ːˈˎ˟-
ˊˢǤ ʑ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˈ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˞ǣ
базовый глагол + частица + дополнение.
! ʜˈ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏˋ ˢ˅ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢ ˅˔ˈ ːˈ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃-

ˆˑˎ˞ ˋ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˈǣ
He ran through his report once more.
(run through — переходный глагол)
! He ran his report through once moreǤ

He ran it through once moreǤ
! ʢˊː˃˕˟ǡ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏ ˋˎˋ ːˈ-

˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏǡ ˏˑˉːˑ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢǤ
` Трехсловные фразовые глаголы

ʡ˓ˈ˘˔ˎˑ˅ː˞ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˡ˕ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌ ˔ˑ-
˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ Ϊ ː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˈ Ϊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆǤ ʖ˃ ːˋˏˋ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˔ˎˈ-
ˇ˖ˈ˕ ˒˓ˢˏˑˈ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈǤ ʑ˔ˈ ˑːˋǡ ˊ˃ ˓ˈˇˍˋˏ ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˈːˋˈˏǡ
ˢ˅ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢ ːˈ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏˋǤ
Phil has failed to live up to his father’s expectations.
Pat always shies away from strangers.
` Существительные и прилагательные, образованные

от фразовых глаголов
IǤ ʝ˕ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ ˕ˋ˒˃ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ Ϊ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˑ˄-
˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈ ˋ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈǡ ˒˓ˋ˚ˈˏ
9
PHRASAL VERBS
˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ ˅ ːˑ˅ˑˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ːːˑˏ ˔ˎˑ˅ˈ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˔˕ˑˢ˕˟ ˍ˃ˍ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ
˄˃ˊˑ˅ˑˆˑ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ǡ ˕˃ˍ ˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ːˋˏǣ
to rip off — a rip-off
to set on — an onset
to stand out — outstanding
to break down — broken-down
ʜˈ ˅˔ˈ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈ ˋ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈǡ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ː-
ː˞ˈˑ˕˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ǡˋˏˈˡ˕ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˟ː˞ˈ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˢǣ
a fallout = to fall out,
ongoing = to go on
! an overkill β to kill over

overpriced β to price over
II. ʞ˓˃˅ˋˎ˃ ˒˓˃˅ˑ˒ˋ˔˃ːˋˢ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞˘ǣ

t ˈ˔ˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅ˑˈ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ːˑ ˒ˑ ˏˑ-
ˇˈˎˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ Ϊ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎǡ ˕ˑ ˑːˑ ˒ˋ˛ˈ˕˔ˢ ˔ˎˋ˕ːˑǣ
input,
outbreak
t ˈ˔ˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅ˑˈ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ːˑ ˒ˑ ˏˑ-
ˇˈˎˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ Ϊ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ǡ ˕ˑ ˑːˑǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎˑǡ ˒ˋ-
˛ˈ˕˔ˢ ˔ˎˋ˕ːˑǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˠ˕ˑ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˞ Ǧover ˋˎˋ Ǧoutǡ ˋˎˋ
˚ˈ˓ˈˊˇˈ˗ˋ˔ǡˍ˃ˍ˅˔ˎ˖˚˃ˈ˔˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋǦinǡǦupˋˇ˓˖-
ˆˋˏˋ ˏˈːˈˈ ˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˋˏ˞ˏˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋǣ
a dropout,
a hangover
a lie-in,
a run-through
III. ʞ˓ˋ ˒˓ˑˋˊːˑ˛ˈːˋˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞˘ ˖ˇ˃˓ˈ-
ːˋˈ ˒˃ˇ˃ˈ˕ ː˃ ˒ˈ˓˅˞ˌ ˔ˎˑˆǣ
a university DROPout
an awful RIP-off
a DOWNturn in prices
ʞ˓ˋ ˒˓ˑˋˊːˑ˛ˈːˋˋ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞˘ǡ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ːː˞˘ ˑ˕
˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ǡ ː˖ˉːˑ ˒ˑˏːˋ˕˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˖ˇ˃˓ˈːˋˈ ˒˃ˇ˃ˈ˕
˚˃˜ˈ ˅˔ˈˆˑǣ
t ː˃ ˒ˈ˓˅˞ˌ ˠˎˈˏˈː˕ǡ ˑ˔ˑ˄ˈːːˑ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˄˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ
˔˕ˑˋ˕ ˅ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ ˒˓ˋ˚˃˔˕ˋˢ ː˃˔˕ˑˢ˜ˈˆˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋǣ
This is an ONgoing problem.
10
t ˈ˔ˎˋ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˔˕ˑˋ˕ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏ
˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏǡ˕ˑ˖ˇ˃˓ˈːˋˈ˒˃ˇ˃ˈ˕ː˃˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ-
˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈǣ
worn-out TROUSERS
t ˈ˔ˎˋ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˔˕ˑˋ˕ ˅ ˍˑː˙ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ
˕ˑ ˖ˇ˃˓ː˞ˏ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˅˕ˑ˓ˑˌ ˠˎˈˏˈː˕ǣ
The problem is onGOING.
t ː˃ ˅˕ˑ˓ˑˌ ˠˎˈˏˈː˕ǡ ˑ˔ˑ˄ˈːːˑ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˄˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ
˔˕ˑˋ˕ ˅ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ ˒˓ˋ˚˃˔˕ˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˛ˈˇ˛ˈˆˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋǡ
˃ ˔˃ˏˑ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ ˅˘ˑˇˋ˕ ˅ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˖ˈˏˑˆˑǣ
My trousers are worn OUT.
11
1. FOOD
I used to eat out1 a lot but after my doctor had advised me to
loseweightIhadtocutdown2onfriedfoodǤThatwasparticularly
hadasIusedtoliveon3well-donesteaksandFrenchfriesǤIalso
had to cut all foods with a high sugarǡ salt or fat content out4
of my dietǤ Being a big eater I would get through5 all the food
I was served up6 and even manage to rustle up7 something to
eat between the mealsǤ I had to give up8 the habit as wellǤ So
nowI’mreducedtoeatingin9asIcan’tstandthesightofhappy
peopletuckingin10unhealthythoughdeliciousbaconandpastryǤ
1
eat out
˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˅ːˈ ˇˑˏ˃ ȋ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅ ˓ˈ˔˕ˑ˓˃ː)
2
cut down
˔ːˋˉ˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟
3
live on
˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ
4
cut out
ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟
5
get through
ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔˝ˈˇ˃˕˟ ȋ˅ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˑˏ ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ)
6
serve up
˒ˑˇ˃˅˃˕˟ ȋˈˇ˖Ȍ
7
rustle up
˓˃ˊˇˑ˄˞˕˟ǡ ː˃˔ˍ˓ˈ˔˕ˋ
8
give up
ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
ͻ
eat in
˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˇˑˏ˃
10
tuck in
ˉ˃ˇːˑ ˈ˔˕˟ǡ ˖˒ˎˈ˕˃˕˟
12
1. FOOD
EXTRA EXAMPLES
cut down sthȀcut sth downȀcut down

Cutdownonfattyfoodsifyou ʔ˔ˎˋ ˘ˑ˚ˈ˛˟ ˒ˑ˘˖ˇˈ˕˟ǡ ˔ˑ-
ˍ˓˃˕ˋ ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˒˓ˑˇ˖ˍ-
want to lose weightǤ
˕ˑ˅ ˔ ˅˞˔ˑˍˋˏ ˔ˑˇˈ˓ˉ˃ːˋˈˏ
ˉˋ˓˃Ǥ
cut out sthȀcut sth out
Pregnant women are advised ʐˈ˓ˈˏˈːː˞ˏ ˉˈː˜ˋː˃ˏ ˓ˈ-
ˍˑˏˈːˇ˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˕
to cut out alcoholǤ ˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˎˈːˋˢ ˃ˎˍˑˆˑˎˢǤ
eat in
I prefer eating in on workday ʑ ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋˈ ˇːˋ ˢ ˒˓ˈˇ˒ˑ˚ˋ-
˕˃ˡ ˒ˑ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓˃ˏ ˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ
eveningsǤ ˇˑˏ˃Ǥ
eat out
Nowadays people eat out ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˎˡˇˋ ˘ˑˇˢ˕ ˅ ˓ˈ-
more often than they used toǤ ˔˕ˑ˓˃ː ˚˃˜ˈǡ ˚ˈˏ ˓˃ː˟˛ˈǤ
get through sth
You wouldn’t believe how ʡ˞ːˈ˒ˑ˅ˈ˓ˋ˛˟ǡ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑˑː
muchfoodhecangetthrough ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˔˝ˈ˔˕˟ ˊ˃ ˑˇˋː ˒˓ˋ-
at one goǨ ˔ˈ˔˕Ǩ
give up sthȀgive sth up
Jake has decided to give up ʓˉˈˌˍ ˓ˈ˛ˋˎ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ ˗˖˕-
footballǤ ˄ˑˎǤ
live on sth
My son practically lives on ʛˑˌ ˔˞ː ˒ˋ˕˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋ˔ˍˎˡ-
crispsǨ ˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˚ˋ˒˔˃ˏˋǨ
rustle up sthȀrustle sth up
Call the taxi and I’ll rustle up ʑ˞ˊ˞˅˃ˌ ˕˃ˍ˔ˋǡ ˃ ˢ ˔ˑˑ˄˓˃-
some breakfastǤ ˉ˖ ˚˕ˑǦːˋ˄˖ˇ˟ ː˃ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃ˍǤ
13
PHRASAL VERBS
serve up sthȀserve sth up
They serve up crap hereǨ ʖˇˈ˔˟˒ˑˇ˃ˡ˕˅˔ˢˍ˖ˡˇ˓ˢː˟Ǩ
tuck in
The ice creams came and the ʞ˓ˋːˈ˔ˎˋ ˏˑ˓ˑˉˈːˑˈǡ ˋ ˇˈ-
girls tucked in happilyǤ ˅ˑ˚ˍˋ ˔ ˖ˇˑ˅ˑˎ˟˔˕˅ˋˈˏ ˈˆˑ
˔˝ˈˎˋǤ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌ downǡ inǡ onǡ outǡ
through ˋˎˋ upǤ
ͳǤ Alcoholics Anonymous help people who want to give
_______ drinkingǤ
ʹǤ Auntie Mary always serves _______ a lovely shepherd’s pie
for family dinnersǤ
͵Ǥ Ifyouareabudgettouristyouaremoreinterestedinfinding
food you can eat _______ but it is always a temptation to
eat _______Ǥ
ͶǤ If you live _______ sweetmeats and want to lose weightǡ
just eat more fruit and dry fruit and cut _______ dessertsǤ
ͷǤ Whenthepieisreadyǡletitstandforhalfanhourandthen
tuck _______ and enjoyǤ
͸Ǥ WhileIwatchedthemovieIgot_______threelargepackets
of crispsǤ
͹Ǥ Whydon’twestayintonightǫIcanrustle_______apretty
decent mealǡ you knowǤ
ͺǤ YouknowthatI’mconcernedaboutyoursmokingandyou
promised to cut _______Ǥ
h౮IIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ˔ˎˑ˅˃ˋ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ
ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ ˕˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑːˋ ˔ˑ-
ˇˈ˓ˉ˃ˎˋ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ǡ ː˃˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˈ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏˋ ˄˖ˍ˅˃ˏˋǡ
ˋ ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˢˎˋ ˒˓ˈˉːˋˈ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢǤ
14
1. FOOD
ͳǤ After the injury Neil decided to stop playing
footballǤ UP
ʹǤ Grace doesn’t have time to cook so she has
her meals in a restaurant almost every nightǤ OUT
͵Ǥ HowdoyouconsumesomuchmeatǫDoesn’t
it raise your cholesterol levelǫ THROUGH
ͶǤ I can’t stop smoking but I’ve reduced the
number of cigarettes to five a dayǤ DOWN
ͷǤ Ireallydon’tfeellikehavingdinnerathome
tonightǤ Let’s go to our local pubǤ IN
͸Ǥ IfMaxandJillcomeI’llmakequicklyacouple
of steaks on the barbecueǤ UP
͹Ǥ Most of the Chinese population only eat riceǤ ON
ͺǤ This drink is shaken over iceǡ poured out
straight in cocktail glasses and given to peopleǤ UP
ͻǤ When the waiter brought our meal we all
started eating it with enjoymentǤ IN
ͳͲǤ With this dietǡ I have to stop eating breadǡ
cookiesǡ and cakesǤ OUT
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˋˊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːː˞˘ ˅˃˓ˋ˃ː˕ˑ˅ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ-

˜ˋˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˞Ǥ
ͳǤ I had managed to rustle up a couple of sandwiches and
coffeeȀ౮a couple of chairs by the time Dan returned from
the bathroomǤ
ʹǤ I have high blood pressure so I’m trying to cut down on
caffeineȀcaloriesǤ
͵Ǥ Judging from the way the children were tucking in their
shirts Ȁmealǡ they were very hungryǤ
ͶǤ Molly gave up her office jobȀunhealthy food and started
traveling around the worldǤ
ͷǤ This Italian restaurant serves up to local people
onlyȀauthentic Italian cuisine onlyǤ
͸Ǥ Being both studentsǡ we lived on very happilyȀvery little
when we got marriedǤ
15
PHRASAL VERBS
͹Ǥ When on holidayǡ I eat out every nightȀthings I don’t
understandǤ
ͺǤ With the exception of Kaneǡ everyone in the office gets
through a huge amount of workȀfoodǤ
h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ-

˕˃ːˋˈ ˔ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏǤ
ͳǤ tuck in ͵Ǥ get through
aǤ a diet aǤ a meal
bǤ a blanket bǤ a telephone
cǤ chocolate cǤ an exam
ʹǤ serve up ͶǤ give up
aǤ dinner aǤ sweets
bǤ drinks bǤ advice
cǤ guests cǤ a job
h౮VǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ

ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞Ǥ
ͳǤ ʓˈ˕ˋ ˊ˃ ˑ˄ˈ ˜ˈˍˋ ˖˒ˎˈ˕˃ˎˋ ˓ˑˉˇˈ˔˕˅ˈː˔ˍˋˌ ˒˖ˇˋːˆǤ
ʹǤ ʓˋ˃˄ˈ˕ˋˍ˃ˏ ˓ˈˍˑˏˈːˇ˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˕ ˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ-
˄ˎˈːˋˢ ˔˃˘˃˓ˑ˔ˑˇˈ˓ˉ˃˜ˋ˘ ˒˓ˑˇ˖ˍ˕ˑ˅Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˄˞ˎ ˔˕˖ˇˈː˕ˑˏǡ ˢ ˒ˋ˕˃ˎ˔ˢ ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ
ˍˑː˔ˈ˓˅˃ˏˋǤ
ͶǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˉˋˎ˃ ˅ ʙˋ˕˃ˈǡ ˢ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˒ˋ˕˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˅ ˓ˈ˔˕ˑ-
˓˃ː˃˘Ǥ
ͷǤ ʙ˓˃˔ːˑˈ ˅ˋːˑ ˎ˖˚˛ˈ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˒ˑˇ˃˅˃˕˟ ˍˑˏː˃˕ːˑˌ ˕ˈˏ-
˒ˈ˓˃˕˖˓˞Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʛˑˢ ˉˈː˃ ˒˞˕˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˖˄ˈˇˋ˕˟ ˏˈːˢ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ ˍ˖˓ˋ˕˟ǡ ːˑ
˒ˑˍ˃ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˔ˑˆˎ˃˔ˋˎ˔ˢ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˔ˋˆ˃˓ˈ˕
ˇˑ ˇˈ˔ˢ˕ˋ ˅ ˇˈː˟Ǥ
͹Ǥ ʠ˓ˈˇːˈ˔˕˃˕ˋ˔˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌ ˄˓˃ˊˋˎˈ˙ ˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˎˢˈ˕ ˑˍˑˎˑ
5 ˍˋˎˑˆ˓˃ˏˏ ˍˑ˗ˈ ˅ ˆˑˇǤ
ͺǤ ʢ˔˕˓˃ˋ˅˃ˌ˔ˢ ˒ˑ˖ˇˑ˄ːˈˈǡ ˃ ˢ ˔ˑˑ˄˓˃ˉ˖ ˚˕ˑǦːˋ˄˖ˇ˟ ː˃
˖ˉˋːǤ
ͻǤ ʮ ˍ˖˒ˋˎ˃ ˒ˋ˙˙˖ ː˃ ˅˞ːˑ˔ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑˏ˖ǡ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓ˑˏ
ˏ˞ ˏˑˉˈˏ ˒ˑˈ˔˕˟ ˇˑˏ˃Ǥ
16
1. FOOD
KEYS
h౮IǤ
ͳǤ up ͶǤ onȀout ͹Ǥ up
ʹǤ up ͷǤ in ͺǤ down
͵Ǥ inȀout ͸Ǥ through
h II.
ͳǤ After the injury Neil decided to give up footballǤ
ʹǤ Grace doesn’t have time to cook so she eats out almost
every nightǤ
͵Ǥ How do you get through so much meatǫ Doesn’t it raise
your cholesterol level?
ͶǤ I can’t stop smoking but I’ve cut down to five cigarettes
a dayǤ
ͷǤ Ireallydon’tfeellikeeatingintonightǤLet’sgotoourlocal
pubǤ
͸Ǥ IfMaxandJillcomeI’llrustleupacoupleofsteaksonthe
barbecueǤ
͹Ǥ Most of the Chinese population live on riceǤ
ͺǤ This drink is shaken over ice and served straight up in
cocktail glassesǤ
ͻǤ When the waiter brought our meal we all tucked inǤ
ͳͲǤ With this dietǡ I have to cut out breadǡ cookiesǡ and cakesǤ
h III.
ͳǤ a couple of sandwiches and coffee
ʹǤ caffeine
͵Ǥ meal
ͶǤ her office job
ͷǤ authentic Italian cuisine only
͸Ǥ very little
͹Ǥ every night
ͺǤ work
17
PHRASAL VERBS
h IV.
ͳ Ȅ a ͵ Ȅ b
ʹ Ȅ c Ͷ Ȅ b
h V.
ͳǤ The kids were tucking in a Christmas puddingǤ
ʹǤ Diabetics are advised to cut out sugary foodsǤ
͵Ǥ When I was a student I used to live on tinned foodǤ
ͶǤ When I lived in Chinaǡ I used to eat out all the timeǤ
ͷǤ Red wine is best served up at room temperatureǤ
͸Ǥ My wife is trying to persuade me to give smoking up but
I’ve agreed to cut down to ten cigarettes a day so farǤ
͹Ǥ An average Brazilian gets through about ͷ kilos of coffee
a yearǤ
ͺǤ Make yourself comfortable and I’ll rustle something up for
supperǤ
ͻǤ I’ve bought a takeaway pizza so we can eat in tonightǤ
18
2. TRAVEL
3 DAY CAIRO ITINERARY

Getaway1fromyourhecticlifeandexperiencelandmarksofCai-
ro during your ͵Ǧday short break in EgyptǤ You’ll be able to see
the main sights if you don’t mind packing your days out2Ǥ
Day 1: Arrival Cairo / the Egyptian Museum

As soon as your flight touches down3 at Cairo International Air-
port your personal tour guide will meet and escort you to the
hotel and help to check in4Ǥ Now you are ready to set out5 on
yourCairoTourǤThevisittotheEgyptianMuseumwilleasilytake
up6 the rest of your dayǤ
Day 2: Giza / Cairo Tour

Visit the Pyramids of Gizaǡ one of the seven wonders of the an-
cient worldǤ You’ll start off7 early to avoid crowds and afternoon
heatǤ Lunch at Abu Tarek Koshary and enjoy the national cuisineǤ
Then you’ll continue to Old Cairo and stop off8 to see two of
the earliest sites from Islamic Egypt Ȅ Amr Ibn Al-Aas Mosque
and the NilometerǤ Evening free to explore Khan Khaliliǡ Cairo’s
old bazaarǤ
Day 3: Final Departure

Youcheckout9afterbreakfastǤBidfarewelltoEgyptasyourflight
takes off10 from Cairo International AirportǤ
1
get away
˅ˊˢ˕˟ ˑ˕˒˖˔ˍǡ ˖ˈˊˉ˃˕˟
2
pack out
ˊ˃˒ˑˎːˢ˕˟ǡ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˎːˢ˕˟
19
PHRASAL VERBS
3
touch down
˒˓ˋˊˈˏˎˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˍˑ˔ː˖˕˟˔ˢ ˊˈˏˎˋ
4
check in
˓ˈˆˋ˔˕˓ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˆˑ˔˕ˋːˋ˙ˈǡ ː˃ ˓ˈˌ˔)
5
set out
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˒˖˕ˈ˛ˈ˔˕˅ˋˈ ȋˇˎˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈȌ
͸
take up
ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟ ȋ˅˓ˈˏˢ)
7
start off
ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˒˖˕˟)
8
stop off
ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˒˖˕ˋǡ ˔ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˍ˖
9
check out
˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˋ ˑ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇˋ˕˟ ːˑˏˈ˓ ˅ ˆˑ˔˕ˋːˋ˙ˈ
10
take off
˅ˊˎˈ˕ˈ˕˟
EXTRA EXAMPLES
check in
Has Mrs Lane checked in at ʒˑ˔˒ˑˉ˃ ʚˈˌː ˖ˉˈ ˊ˃˓ˈˆˋ-
the hotel yet? ˔˕˓ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˅ ˑ˕ˈˎˈ?
check out
Don’t forget that you check ʜˈ ˊ˃˄˖ˇ˟˕ˈǡ ˅ ˒ˑˎˇˈː˟ ˅˞
out at noonǤ ˇˑˎˉː˞˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢˋˑ˔-
˅ˑ˄ˑˇˋ˕˟ ːˑˏˈ˓Ǥ
get away
I like to get away from Mos- ʜ˃ ˅˞˘ˑˇː˞ˈ ˢ ˎˡ˄ˎˡ ˖ˈˊ-
cow at the weekendǤ ˉ˃˕˟ ˋˊ ʛˑ˔ˍ˅˞Ǥ
pack sth out
In summer tourists pack out ʚˈ˕ˑˏ ː˃˛ ˆˑ˓ˑˇ ˊ˃˒ˑˎːˢ-
our townǤ ˡ˕ ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕˞Ǥ
set out
We set out early when the ʛ˞˅˞ˈ˘˃ˎˋ˒ˑ˓˃ː˟˛ˈǡˍˑˆ-
traffic was still lowǤ ˇ˃ ˇ˅ˋˉˈːˋˈ ˄˞ˎˑ ˈ˜ˈ ːˈ
˕˃ˍˑˈ ˋː˕ˈː˔ˋ˅ːˑˈǤ
20
2. TRAVEL
start off
Westartedoffonourwalking ʛ˞ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋˎˋ˔˟ ˅ ˒ˑ˘ˑˇǡ
trip when it was still darkǤ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˄˞ˎˑ ˈ˜ˈ ˕ˈˏːˑǤ
stop off
We stopped off in San Anto- ʛ˞ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎˋ˔˟ ː˃ ˇˈː˟
nio for a dayǤ ˅ ʠ˃ːǦʏː˕ˑƴːˋˑǤ
take off
I can spend hours watching ʮ ˏˑˆ˖ ˚˃˔˃ˏˋ ː˃˄ˎˡˇ˃˕˟
the planes take off and landǤ ˊ˃˕ˈˏǡˍ˃ˍ˅ˊˎˈ˕˃ˡ˕ˋ˒˓ˋ-
ˊˈˏˎˢˡ˕˔ˢ ˔˃ˏˑˎˈ˕˞Ǥ
take up sthȀtake sth up

Thenewjobtakesupmostof ʜˑ˅˃ˢ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃ˈ˕
my timeǤ ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ ˅˔ˈ ˏˑˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢǤ
touch down
The plane touched down at ʠ˃ˏˑˎˈ˕ ˒˓ˋˊˈˏˎˋˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˃ˠ-
Gatwick around midnightǤ ˓ˑ˒ˑ˓˕˖ ʒ˃˕˖ˋˍ ˑˍˑˎˑ ˒ˑˎ˖-
ːˑ˚ˋǤ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡˊ˃ˏˈːˋ˅˔ˎˑ˅˃ˋ˅˞Ǧ
˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑ-
ˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǤ
ͳǤ But with my both parents being illǡ it’s difficult to succeed
in leaving home even for a dayǤ
ʹǤ I arrived in Paris a few days ago and recorded my arrival
at the Hotel de l’AvreǤ
͵Ǥ More than ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ football fans crowded into and filled
the The Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro to see the
matchǤ
ͶǤ Some plastics require about ʹͲͲ years to decomposeǤ
21
PHRASAL VERBS
ͷǤ Steve was so excited to go on his first camping tripǤ
͸Ǥ The flight left the ground and started flying three hours
late because of the heavy fogǤ
͹Ǥ Theystartedalongjourneyonanearlymorningǡwearing
hiking outfit and each carrying a rucksackǤ
ͺǤ Wepaidthebillanddepartedfromthehotelat͹aǤmǤto
catch a ͻ aǤmǤ flight to LAǤ
ͻǤ We stopped for a short time in the middle of a journey
at a gas station and I bought myself a large diet ColaǤ
ͳͲǤ When the plane was making contact with the ground in
landingǡ one of its tyres burstǤ
ͳͳǤ You can leave your luggage for your return flight at the
hotel so that it can be put on the planeǤ
h౮IIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˋˊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːː˞˘ ˅˃˓ˋ˃ː˕ˑ˅ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ-

˜ˋˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖Ǥ
ͳǤ ǲMoscow Virtuosiǳ pack out concert hallsȀ౮bags all over
the worldǤ
ʹǤ Gregisgettingawayfromallthisfusswithaweeksholiday
in IstanbulȀ౮decent pay riseǤ
͵Ǥ Lin felt quite excited as Jack’s careerȀ౮the plane took off
from HeathrowǤ
ͶǤ MarksaidgoodbyeandwenttocheckinatthehotelȀ౮his
suitcasesǤ
ͷǤ Momǡ we want to stop off later onȀ౮at Bath on our way
backǤ
͸Ǥ Odysseus and twelve of his men started off as heroesȀ౮on
a long journeyǤ
͹Ǥ The band are setting out reasons for their breakupȀ౮on
a final tour in JuneǤ
ͺǤ ThefirstweekofthevacationwastakenupwithrepairsȀ౮the
authoritiesǤ
ͻǤ We checked out lateȀ౮his address and nearly missed the
flightǤ
ͳͲǤ Wewillbetouchingdowninabouthalfanhour’stimeȀ౮on
the relationship between poverty and poor healthǤ
22
2. TRAVEL
h౮IIIǤ ʞ˓ˑ˚˕ˋ˕ˈ ˋː˔˕˓˖ˍ˙ˋˡ ˒ˑ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˈːˋˡ ˒˓ˑˆ˓˃ˏ-
ˏ˞˕˖˓ˋ˔˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˌ˒ˑˈˊˇˍˋˋˊ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ
˅˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ˒ˑ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃-
ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ː˖ˉːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
If you plan ȋͳȌ _______ from your daily routine and want
(2) _______onatripǡtakecaretomakeyourtravelitineraryfirstǤ
The first step is to collect itinerary relevant informationǤ This in-
cludesyourflightdetailsȋthetimeyoushouldarriveattheairport
ȋ͵Ȍ _______ as well as the time when your plane (4) _______
and(5)_______atthedestinationȌandhotelinformationȋhotel
name and addressǡ reservation confirmationǡ the time when you
should (6) _______ and (7) _______Ǥ
Nextǡ use online travel sights or guidebooks to make a list of the
things you want to see and do on your tripǤ For each activity on
your listǡ estimate the time when you should (8) _______ and
how long you’ll be thereǢ decide on the places where you’d like
(9)_______onyourwaytothedestinationorbacktothehotelǤ
Make your schedule flexible so that you don’t have every day of
your trip (10) _______Ǥ
Follow our guidelines and the trip arrangements (11) _______
any of your valuable time when you arrive thereǤ
h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃-

ːˋˈ ˔ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏǤ
ͳǤ check in ͵Ǥ set out
aǤ at the bank aǤ on a drive
bǤ at the airport bǤ on a plane
cǤ at the cinema cǤ on a meeting
ʹǤ get away ͶǤ take up
aǤ from the vacation aǤ weather
bǤ from the job bǤ time
cǤ from town cǤ a visit

ͳǤ ʑ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋː˔˕˅ˈ ˑ˕ˈˎˈˌ ˅˞ ˇˑˎˉː˞ ˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
ˋ ˑ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇˋ˕˟ ːˑˏˈ˓ ˇˑ ˒ˑˎ˖ˇːˢǤ
23
PHRASAL VERBS
ʹǤ ʑ˒ˢ˕ːˋ˙˖˅ˈ˚ˈ˓ˑˏ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋː˔˕˅ˑ˄˃˓ˑ˅˅ː˃˛ˈˏ˓˃ˌˑ-
ːˈ ˊ˃˒ˑˎːˈː˞Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˅˞ ˉˋ˅ˈ˕ˈ ˅ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˑˏ ˆˑ˓ˑˇˈǡ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˒˓ˋˢ˕ːˑ
˖ˈ˘˃˕˟ ˑ˕ ˆˑ˓ˑˇ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˛˖ˏ˃ ˋ ˇ˅ˋˉˈːˋˢǡ ˒ˑ ˍ˓˃ˌːˈˌ
ˏˈ˓ˈ ː˃ ˒˃˓˖ ˇːˈˌǤ
ͶǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˏ˞ ˒˓ˋˈ˘˃ˎˋ ˅ ˑ˕ˈˎ˟ǡ ˢ ˑ˔˕˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˅ ˗ˑˌˈ ˔ ˚ˈˏˑ-
ˇ˃ː˃ˏˋǡ ˃ ʙˈˌː ˒ˑ˛ˈˎ ˍ ˔˕ˑˌˍˈ ˃ˇˏˋːˋ˔˕˓˃˕ˑ˓˃ǡ ˚˕ˑ-
˄˞ ˊ˃˓ˈˆˋ˔˕˓ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǤ
ͷǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˓ˈˆˋ˔˕˓ˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎ˔ˢ ː˃ ˓ˈˌ˔ǡ ˏːˈ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˋǡ ˚˕ˑ
ː˃ːˈˆˑ˄˞ˎˑ˒˓ˑˇ˃ːˑ˄ˋˎˈ˕ˑ˅˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈǡ˚ˈˏˏˈ˔˕ǡˋ ˚˕ˑ
ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋˇˈ˕˔ˢ ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˌ ˓ˈˌ˔Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʚˡ˔ˋ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˅ːˋˊ ˒ˑ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˈǡ ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˢ ˒ˑˊ˃ˇˋ
ˇˑˏǡ ˆˇˈ ˑː˃ ˓ˑˇˋˎ˃˔˟Ǥ
͹Ǥ ʝː˖ˈ˘˃ˎˋˊ˃ˠ˓ˑ˒ˑ˓˕˃˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ˕ˑˆˑǡˍ˃ˍ˅ˊˎˈ˕ˈˎ
ˈˈ ˔˃ˏˑˎˈ˕Ǥ
ͺǤ ʞˑ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˈ ˇˑˏˑˌ ˑː ˑ˄˞˚ːˑ ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃ˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˏˈ˔˕-
ːˑˏ ˒˃˄ˈǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˅˞˒ˋ˕˟ ˍ˓˖ˉˍ˖ ˒ˋ˅˃Ǥ
ͻǤ ʚ˟ˡˋ˔ ˋ ʙˎ˃˓ˍ ˔ ˠˍ˔˒ˈˇˋ˙ˋˈˌ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋˎˋ˔˟ ˅ ˒˖˕˟
30 ˃˅ˆ˖˔˕˃ ͳͺͲ͵ ˆˑˇ˃ ˋˊ ˆˑ˓ˑˇ˃ ʞˋ˕˔˄˖˓ˆǡ ˛˕˃˕ ʞˈː-
˔ˋˎ˟˅˃ːˋˢǤ
ͳͲǤ ʮ ˇˑˎˉˈː ˄˞ˎ ː˃˒ˋ˔˃˕˟ ˠ˔˔ˈǡ ˋ ˠ˕ˑ ˅˚ˈ˓˃ ˊ˃ːˢˎˑ
˖ ˏˈːˢ ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ ˅ˈ˔˟ ˇˈː˟Ǥ
ͳͳǤ ʮ ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋˎ˃ ˍːˋˆ˖ ˍ˃ˍ ˓˃ˊ ˅ ˕ˑ˕ ˏˑˏˈː˕ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˔˃ˏˑ-
ˎˈ˕ ˒˓ˋˊˈˏˎˋˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˃ˠ˓ˑ˒ˑ˓˕˖ ʤˋ˕˓ˑ˖Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
ͳǤ Butwithmybothparentsbeingillǡit’sdifficulttogetaway
from home even for a dayǤ
ʹǤ I arrived in Paris a few days ago and checked in the Hotel
de l’AvreǤ
͵Ǥ More than ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ football fans packed out the The
Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro to see the matchǤ
ͶǤ Some plastics take up about ʹͲͲ years to decomposeǤ
24
2. TRAVEL
ͷǤ Steve was so excited to start off on his first camping tripǤ
͸Ǥ The flight took off three hours late because of the heavy
fogǤ
͹Ǥ They set out on an early morningǡ wearing hiking outfit
and each carrying a rucksackǤ
ͺǤ We checked out from the hotel at ͹ aǤmǤ to catch a ͻ aǤmǤ
flight to LAǤ
ͻǤ WestoppedoffatagasstationandIboughtmyselfalarge
diet ColaǤ
ͳͲǤ WhentheplanewastouchingdownǡoneofitstyresburstǤ
ͳͳǤ Youcancheckinyourluggageforyourreturnflightatthe
hotelǤ
h II.
ͳǤ concert halls
ʹǤ weeks holiday in Istanbul
͵Ǥ the plane
ͶǤ his suitcases
ͷǤ at Bath
͸Ǥ on a long journey
͹Ǥ on a final tour in June
ͺǤ repairs
ͻǤ late
ͳͲǤ in about half an hour’s time
h III.
ͳǤ to get away ͹Ǥ check out
ʹǤ to set out ͺǤ start off
͵Ǥ to check in ͻǤ to stop off
ͶǤ takes off ͳͲǤpacked out
ͷǤ touches down ͳͳǤwon’t take up
͸Ǥ check in
h IV.
ͳ Ȅ b ʹ Ȅ c ͵ Ȅ a Ͷ Ȅ b
25
PHRASAL VERBS
h V.
ͳǤ In most hotels you must check out before noonǤ
ʹǤ Most of the bars in our neighbourhood are pack out on
Friday nightsǤ
͵Ǥ If you live in a big cityǡ it’s always nice to get away from
the city noise and traffic at least for a couple of daysǤ
ͶǤ WhenwearrivedatthehotelǡIstayedwiththesuitcasesin
thefoyerandKanewenttothereceptiondesktocheckinǤ
ͷǤ WhenIwascheckinginformyflightǡIwastoldthatitwas
overbooked and I had to wait for the next oneǤ
͸Ǥ Lucy started off down the roadǡ leaving behind the house
where she had been bornǤ
͹Ǥ He didn’t leave the airport until after her plane had taken
offǤ
ͺǤ On his way homeǡ he would stop off at the local pub for
a glass of beerǤ
ͻǤ TheLewisandClarkexpeditionsetoutonAugust͵ͲǡͳͺͲ͵
from Pittsburghǡ PAǤ
ͳͲǤ I had an essay to writeǡ which took up most of the day
yesterdayǤ
ͳͳǤ I finished the book right when the plane touched down
at HeathrowǤ
26
3. HEALTH
Influenzaǡ commonly known as ǲthe fluǳǡ is an infectious diseaseǤ
Peoplecancomedownwith1thefluquitesuddenlyǤUsuallythe
first symptoms of the disease are chills and feverǤ The person
experiencing chills may break out in2 sweat and if the fever is
highhemayeventhrowup3orblackout4ǤManypeopleexperi-
ence muscle pains that won’t ease off5 for daysǤ The nose may
be runnyǡ and you may find yourself fighting off6 a sore throatǤ
Luckilytheglandsintheneckdon’tswellup7ǤGettingover8the
flucantakequitealongtimeandtheillnessmayflareup9again
if the sick person doesn’t follow the doctor’s prescriptionsǤ Many
people complain that they can’t shake off10 cough or running
nose for weeksǤ
1
come down with
ˊ˃˄ˑˎˈ˕˟ǡ ˔ˎˈ˚˟
2
break out in
˒ˑˍ˓˞˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˒ˑ˕ˑˏǡ ˔˞˒˟ˡ)
3
throw up
˔˕˓˃ˇ˃˕˟ ˓˅ˑ˕ˑˌ
4
black out
ː˃ ˏˆːˑ˅ˈːˋˈ ˕ˈ˓ˢ˕˟ ˔ˑˊː˃ːˋˈ
5
ease off
ˑ˔ˎ˃˄ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ
6
fight off
˄ˑ˓ˑ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˄ˑˎˈˊː˟ˡ)
7
swell up
ˑ˒˖˘˃˕˟
8
get over
˒ˑ˄ˈˉˇ˃˕˟ǡ ˑˇˑˎˈ˅˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˑˎˈˊː˟)
9
flare up
˅˔˒˞˘ː˖˕˟ ˔ːˑ˅˃ǡ ˑ˄ˑ˔˕˓ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˄ˑˎˈˊːˋ)
10
shake off
ˋˊ˄˃˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ˕ ˄ˑˎˈˊːˋȌǢ ˄ˑ˓ˑ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˄ˑǦ
ˎˈˊː˟ˡ)
27
PHRASAL VERBS
EXTRA EXAMPLES
black out
For a few secondsǡ I thought ʜ˃ ˔ˈˍ˖ːˇ˖ ˏːˈ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˑ˔˟ǡ
I was going to black outǤ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˒ˑ˕ˈ˓ˢˡ ˔ˑˊː˃ːˋˈǤ
break out in sth

My whole body broke out in ʑ˔ˈ ˏˑˈ ˕ˈˎˑ ˒ˑˍ˓˞ˎˑ˔˟
a rashǤ ˔˞˒˟ˡǤ
come down with sth

Jenny has come down with ʓˉˈːːˋ ˔ːˑ˅˃ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˞ˎ˃Ǥ
a cold againǤ
ease off
Take this pill and the pain will ʞ˓ˋˏˋ ˠ˕˖ ˕˃˄ˎˈ˕ˍ˖ǡ ˋ ˄ˑˎ˟
ease offǤ ˒˓ˑˌˇˈ˕Ǥ
fight off sthȀfight sth off

I must take this medicineǡ as ʛːˈ ː˖ˉːˑ ˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ˠ˕ˑ
I am fighting off a coldǤ ˎˈˍ˃˓˔˕˅ˑǡ ˒ˑ˕ˑˏ˖ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˄ˑ-
˓ˡ˔˟ ˔ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˖ˇˑˌǤ
flare up
Chronic diseases tend to flare ʙ˃ˍ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎˑǡ ˘˓ˑːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ
up in spring and autumnǤ ˊ˃˄ˑˎˈ˅˃ːˋˢ ˑ˄ˑ˔˕˓ˢˡ˕˔ˢ
˅ˈ˔ːˑˌ ˋ ˑ˔ˈː˟ˡǤ
get over sth

Lucy got over the illness ʚˡ˔ˋ ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ ˑ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˃˔˟
quicklyǤ ˑ˕ ˄ˑˎˈˊːˋǤ
shake off sthȀshake sth off

My husband can’t seem to ʙ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˏˑˌ ˏ˖ˉ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃
shake off this feverǤ ːˈ ˋˊ˄˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢ ˑ˕ ˠ˕ˑˌ ˎˋ˘ˑ-
˓˃ˇˍˋǤ
28
3. HEALTH
swell up
In the evening the ankle ʑˈ˚ˈ˓ˑˏ ˎˑˇ˞ˉˍ˃ ˑ˒˖˘ˎ˃ǡ
swelled up and the pain got ˋ ˄ˑˎ˟ ˖˔ˋˎˋˎ˃˔˟Ǥ
worseǤ
throw upȀthrow sth upȀthrow up sth

The child threw up his dinnerǤ ʞˑ˔ˎˈ ˑ˄ˈˇ˃ ˓ˈ˄ˈːˍ˃ ˅˞-
˓˅˃ˎˑǤ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˢˏˈˉˇ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃-
ˏˋ ˋ ˋ˘ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢˏˋǤ
ͳǤ black out aǤ be suddenly affected by an
unpleasant sensation or condition
ʹǤ break out in bǤvomit
͵Ǥ come down with cǤ get rid of an illness
ͶǤ ease off dǤgetanillnessagainafterithadgone
away or got better
ͷǤ fight off eǤ begin to suffer from a specified
illness
͸Ǥ flare up fǤ recover from an illness
͹Ǥ get over gǤbecome larger and rounder than
usual because of an injury or illness
ͺǤ shake off hǤlose consciousness for a short time
ͻǤ swell up iǤ getridofortrytogetridofanillness
ͳͲǤ throw up jǤ gradually become less painfulǡ
difficult or unpleasant
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋ-

ˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǤ
ͳǤ After the accident Grace _______ and couldn’t remember
what had happenedǤ
aǤ flared up bǤ stopped off cǤblackedout
29
PHRASAL VERBS
ʹǤ Dan didn’t give the injury much attention at firstǡ but his
wrist began to _______ laterǤ
aǤ swell up bǤ flare up cǤ give up
͵Ǥ Havingeaten͸chocolateeggsǡnowonderthekid_______
in ͳͷ minutesǤ
aǤ blacked out bǤ threw up cǤ swelled up
ͶǤ If your immune system is weakened by stressǡ your body
can’t _______ infection properlyǤ
aǤ get through bǤ fight off cǤ shake off
ͷǤ It took Jill quite a time to _______ the shock of her
husband’s deathǤ
aǤ get over bǤ fight off cǤ ease off
͸Ǥ My son _______ a rash after eating some honeyǤ
aǤ came down with
bǤ flared up
cǤ broke out in
͹Ǥ Several tourists have _______ with heat stroke todayǤ
aǤ come down bǤ blacked out cǤ got over
ͺǤ The disease has _______ againǡ keeping me out of work
todayǤ
aǤ eased off bǤ flared up cǤ swelled up
ͻǤ The pain _______ after the doctor gave me a shot of
painkillerǤ
aǤ eased off bǤ blacked out cǤ flared up
ͳͲǤ You should _______ this depression of yours and start
focusing on your life againǤ
aǤ give up bǤ throw up cǤ shake off
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃ˏˈːˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕˃˘ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑ-

ˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ː˖ˉ-
ːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
30
3. HEALTH
Text 1
ȋͳȌCatchingacoldisnotonlyannoyingbutalsocanbedanger-
ousasitcancausesomeofyourchronicdiseasesto(2) aggravateǤ
Medicationscanȋ͵Ȍrelievecertainsymptomslikeheadacheǡbut
there’snoprovencuretohelpyouȋͶȌrecoverfromthedisease
quicklyǤ Among popular non-medical cures for the cold is food
high in vitamin C which can help your body ȋͷȌ get rid of the
coldǡ or even avoid it altogetherǤ
Text 2
Aconcussionisaresultofheadtraumathatinjuresthebrainand
causes the brain tissue ȋ͸Ȍ edemaǤ ȋ͹Ȍ Losing consciousness is
notarequirementfordiagnosingaconcussionǤMoretypicallypa-
tientswithconcussioncomplainofaheadacheordizzinessǤThey
may also ȋͺȌ vomitǡ ȋͻȌ sweatǡ or have visual problemsǤ Physical
and mental restǡ which is a good treatment for concussionǡ will
help ȋͳͲȌ get rid of the results of the traumaǤ
h౮IVǤ ʗ˔˒˓˃˅˟˕ˈ ˑ˛ˋ˄ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘Ǥ

ͳǤ An old kidney disease flared backǡ and he had to take
painkillers to ease of the pain and missed work for several
daysǤ
ʹǤ Chris went down with this summer flu everyone’s getting
and is still trying to fight it offǤ
͵Ǥ They’ve prescribed him some antibiotics to shake off any
possible infectionǤ
ͶǤ Put some ice on your ankle before it flares upǤ
ͷǤ The pain is killing meǤ I feel like I’m going to dark outǤ

ͳǤ ʑˑ˅˓ˈˏˢ˃˅˃˓ˋˋˢ˒ˑ˕ˈ˓ˢˎ˔ˑˊː˃ːˋˈˋ˒˓ˋ˛ˈˎ˅˔ˈ˄ˢ
˖ˉˈ ˅ ˄ˑˎ˟ːˋ˙ˈǤ
ʹǤ ʖ˃˄ˑˎˈ˅˃˕˟ ˆ˓ˋ˒˒ˑˏ ˢ ː˃˚˃ˎ ˅ ˠ˕ˑˌ ˍˑˏ˃ːˇˋ˓ˑ˅ˍˈǤ
͵Ǥ ʖ˃˒˃˘ ˄˞ˎ ˕˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˕˅˓˃˕ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˈˈ ˚˖˕˟
ːˈ ˔˕ˑ˛ːˋˎˑǤ
31
PHRASAL VERBS
ͶǤ ʛˈːˢ ˖ˍ˖˔ˋˎ˃ ˒˚ˈˎ˃ǡ ˋ ˕ˈ˒ˈ˓˟ ˏˈ˔˕ˑ ˖ˍ˖˔˃ ˑ˒˖˘˃ˈ˕ǡ
˃ ˍˑˉ˃ ː˃ ˓˖ˍˈ ˒ˑˍ˓˞˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˔˞˒˟ˡǤ
ͷǤ ʜ˃ ˕ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑ˒˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˕˃ˍˑˌ ˔ˈ˓˟ˈˊːˑˌ ˄ˑ-
ˎˈˊːˋǡ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˖ˌ˕ˋ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙˞Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʠ˕˓ˈ˔˔ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋːˑˌ ˑ˄ˑ˔˕˓ˈːˋˢ ˏːˑˆˋ˘ ˊ˃˄ˑ-
ˎˈ˅˃ːˋˌǤ
͹Ǥ ʬ˕ˑ ˎˈˍ˃˓˔˕˅ˑ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˔ːˋˏ˃ˈ˕ ˔ˋˏ˒˕ˑˏ˞Ǥ
ͺǤ ʬ˕ˑ˕ ˍ˃˛ˈˎ˟ ˖ ˏˈːˢ ˖ˉˈ ˙ˈˎ˖ˡ ˅ˈ˚ːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˢ ːˋˍ˃ˍ ːˈ
ˏˑˆ˖ ˑ˕ ːˈˆˑ ˋˊ˄˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢǤ
ͻǤ ʬ˘ˋː˃˙ˈˢ ˔˕ˋˏ˖ˎˋ˓˖ˈ˕ ˋˏˏ˖ːː˖ˡ ˔ˋ˔˕ˈˏ˖ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒ˑˏˑ-
ˆ˃ˈ˕ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊˏ˖ ˄ˑ˓ˑ˕˟˔ˢ ˔ˑ ˏːˑˆˋˏˋ ˊ˃˄ˑˎˈ˅˃ːˋˢˏˋǤ
KEYS
h I.
ͳ Ȅ h ͷ Ȅ i ͻ Ȅ g
ʹ Ȅ a ͸ Ȅ d ͳͲ Ȅ b
͵ Ȅ e ͹ Ȅ f
Ͷ Ȅ j ͺ Ȅ c
h II.
ͳ Ȅ c ͷ Ȅ a ͻ Ȅ a
ʹ Ȅ a ͸ Ȅ c ͳͲ Ȅ c
͵ Ȅ b ͹ Ȅ a
Ͷ Ȅ b ͺ Ȅ b
h III.
ͳǤ coming down with ͸Ǥ to swell up
ʹǤ flare up ͹Ǥ blacking out
͵Ǥ ease off ͺǤ throw up
ͶǤ get over ͻǤ break in sweat
ͷǤ fight off ͳͲǤ shake off
32
3. HEALTH
h IV.
ͳǤ An old kidney disease flared upǡ and he had to take
painkillerstoease offthepainandmissed work for several
daysǤ
ʹǤ Chris came down with this summer flu everyone’s getting
and is still trying to shake it offǤ
͵Ǥ They’ve prescribed him some antibiotics to fight off any
possible infectionǤ
ͶǤ Put some ice on your ankle before it swells upǤ
ͷǤ The pain is killing meǤ I feel like I’m going to black outǤ
h V.
ͳǤ I blacked out during the accident and regained
consciousness in hospitalǤ
ʹǤ I started coming down with the flu when I was on this
business tripǤ
͵Ǥ The smell was so disgusting that she nearly threw upǤ
ͶǤ I’ve got stung by a bee and now the sting is swelling up
and the skin on my arm is breaking out in rashǤ
ͷǤ It can take months to get over a serious illness like thatǤ
͸Ǥ Stress causes many diseases to flare upǤ
͹Ǥ This medicine only eases off symptomsǤ
ͺǤ I’ve had this cough for ages and I just can’t shake it offǤ
ͻǤ Echinacea stimulates the immune system which helps the
body fight off many diseasesǤ
33
4. KEEPING FIT
Working out1 in the gym has become a very popular sport
activityallovertheworldǤRegularexercisesessionsinagymhelp
people burn off2 caloriesǡ build up3 musclesǡ tone up4 bodies
and work off5 the stress and tension of work and modern lifeǤ
You can certainly work out at home but some types of exercises
canbemoreeffectiveinagymǤAnexperiencedtrainerwillteach
youhowtogoabout6doingexercisesintherightwayǤButifyou
haveneversetfootinagymandhavenoideawhattodowhen
you get thereǡ here are some tipsǤ
ͳǤ Warmup7atstartǢit’llprepareyouforothergymactivitiesǤ
ʹǤ Remember to cool down8 after your exercise sessionǤ
͵Ǥ Set realistic goals and don’t max out9 to prevent injuriesǤ
ͶǤ Be consistent and don’t give in10Ǥ The competitive
atmosphere of the gym will encourage you to forge
ahead11Ǥ
As long as you follow the rules you’ll enjoy your gym sessionsǤ
1
work out
ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˑˏǡ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
2
burn off
˔ˉˋˆ˃˕˟ ȋˍ˃ˎˑ˓ˋˋ)
3
build up
ː˃˓˃˜ˋ˅˃˕˟ ȋˏ˖˔ˍ˖ˎ˞)
4
tone up
˒ˑ˅˞˛˃˕˟ ˕ˑː˖˔ǡ ˖ˍ˓ˈ˒ˎˢ˕˟
5
work off
ˑ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˕ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
6
go about
ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑǢ ː˃˚ˋ-
ː˃˕˟ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˒˓ˋ˔˕˖˒˃˕˟ ˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ
7
warm up
˓˃ˊˏˋː˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓˃ˊˑˆ˓ˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
34
4. KEEPING FIT
8
cool down
ˑ˘ˎ˃ˉˇ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˑ˔˕˞˅˃˕˟
9
max out
˅˞ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˇˑ˔˕ˋˆ˃˕˟ ˒˓ˈˇˈˎ˃ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ˔˕ˈˌ
10
give in
˔ˇ˃˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˖˔˕˖˒˃˕˟
11
forge ahead
ˏˈˇˎˈːːˑ ˋ ˓˃˅ːˑˏˈ˓ːˑ ˒˓ˑˇ˅ˋˆ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˅˒ˈ˓˩ˇ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
build up sthȀbuild sth up

Keeping to a special diet is ʔ˔ˎˋ ˅˞ ˘ˑ˕ˋ˕ˈ ː˃˓˃˔˕ˋ˕˟
essential if you want to build ˏ˖˔ˍ˖ˎ˞ǡ ː˃ˇˑ ˒˓ˋˇˈ˓ˉˋ-
up musclesǤ ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˔ˑ˄ˑˌ ˔ˋ˔˕ˈˏ˞ ˒ˋ-
˕˃ːˋˢǤ
burn off sthȀburn sth off
Working out improves your ʖ˃ːˢ˕ˋˢ ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˑˏ ˖ˎ˖˚˛˃ˡ˕
health and burns off caloriesǤ ˊˇˑ˓ˑ˅˟ˈ ˋ ˔ˉˋˆ˃ˡ˕ ˍ˃ˎˑ-
˓ˋˋǤ
cool down
Don’trushoutsideǡcooldown ʜˈ ˄ˈˆˋ ː˃ ˖ˎˋ˙˖ǡ ˔ː˃˚˃ˎ˃
a littleǤ ˑ˔˕˞ː˟ ːˈˏːˑˆˑǤ
forge ahead
I’m forging ahead with ʮ ˏˈˇˎˈːːˑǡ ːˑ ˖˅ˈ˓ˈːːˑ
shaping upǤ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˉ˖ ˅ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛˖ˡ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˖Ǥ
give in
Regular workouts are difficult ʟˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ː˞ˈ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅ˍˋ Ȅ
but you mustn’t give in if you ˕ˢˉˈˎˑˈ ˊ˃ːˢ˕ˋˈǡ ːˑ ˕˞ ːˈ
want to tone up your bodyǤ ˇˑˎˉˈː ˔ˇ˃˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˘ˑ-
˚ˈ˛˟ ˖ˍ˓ˈ˒ˋ˕˟ ˔˅ˑˈ ˕ˈˎˑǤ
go about sth
I have no idea how to go ʮ ːˈ ˋˏˈˡ ːˋ ˏ˃ˎˈˌ˛ˈˆˑ
about doing this exerciseǤ ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˎˈːˋˢ ˑ ˕ˑˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ
ː˃˚˃˕˟ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ˠ˕ˑ˖˒˓˃ˉːˈ-
ːˋˈǤ
35
PHRASAL VERBS
max out
Sam has been maxing out in ʠˠˏ ˒ˑˎːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˅˞ˍˎ˃ˇ˞-
every gameǤ ˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ː˃ ˍ˃ˉˇˑˌ ˋˆ˓ˈǤ
tone up sthȀtone sth upȀtone up

Regular exercise tones up the ʟˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ː˞ˈ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅ˍˋ ˒ˑ-
musclesǤ ˅˞˛˃ˡ˕ ˏ˞˛ˈ˚ː˞ˌ ˕ˑː˖˔Ǥ
warm upȀwarm up sthȀwarm sth up

A short run will help us warm ʙˑ˓ˑ˕ˍ˃ˢ ˒˓ˑ˄ˈˉˍ˃ ˒ˑˏˑ-
upǤ ˉˈ˕ ː˃ˏ ˓˃ˊˑˆ˓ˈ˕˟˔ˢǤ
work off sthȀwork sth off

Going to the gym is the best ʖ˃ːˢ˕ˋˢ ˅ ˕˓ˈː˃ˉˈ˓ːˑˏ
waytoworkoffexcessweightǤ ˊ˃ˎˈ Ȅ ˎ˖˚˛ˋˌ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄
˔˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ ˎˋ˛ːˋˌ ˅ˈ˔Ǥ
work out
I’dratherjogthanworkoutat ʮ ˎ˖˚˛ˈ ˄˖ˇ˖ ˄ˈˆ˃˕˟ ˕˓˖˔-
the gymǤ ˙ˑˌǡ ˚ˈˏ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
˅ ˕˓ˈː˃ˉˈ˓ːˑˏ ˊ˃ˎˈǤ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʝ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˌ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ ˔ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃-

ˏˋǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑ-
ˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢˏˋǡ ˑ˄˓˃˜˃ˢ
˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˈ ː˃ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˖ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅Ǥ
build up warm up
tone up go about
burn off work off
calf muscles extra pounds
one’s body doingsit-upsorpush-up
excess fat one’s strength
36
4. KEEPING FIT
ͳǤ Firstǡ do some stretching exercises to _______ _______Ǥ
ʹǤ I doubt if dancing can _______ _______Ǥ
͵Ǥ IguessIhaveto_____________beforeIputonaswimsuit
this summerǤ
ͶǤ Ifyoudon’tknowhowto______________ǡyoucanalways
consult our gym coachesǤ
ͷǤ Start _______ _______by doing some mild exerciseǤ
͸Ǥ The hotel swimming pool offers plenty of opportunity
to _______ _______Ǥ
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ
˒ˑ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ˅ː˖ˉːˑˌ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ
ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
Pros & Cons of Dieting

` Pros of Dieting:
Dieting can become a sure formula for weight loss if you know
how (1) _______ itǤ Just consuming less calories each day than
you (2) _______ will allow you (3) _______ with losing weight
and ȋͶȌ _______ your health without (5) _______ at a gymǤ
` Cons of Dieting:
DietprogramsarehardtosticktoǤͻͷΨofthosewhogoondiets
finally (6) _______ and failǤ Being active is crucial to speed up
weight lossǡ so if you ȋ͹Ȍ _______ at a minimum of three times
a week you will both (8) _______ excess fat and ȋͻȌ _______
your bodyǤ
h౮IIIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ˔ˎˑ˅˃ˋ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ
ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ˕˃ˍǡ˚˕ˑ˄˞ˑːˋ˔ˑˇˈ˓ˉ˃ˎˋ˔ˎˑ-
˅˃ǡ ː˃˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˈ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏˋ ˄˖ˍ˅˃ˏˋǡ ˋ ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˢˎˋ
˒˓ˈˉːˋˈ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢǤ
ͳǤ A cardio machine can be a great way to get
rid of calories and get in shapeǤ OFF
ʹǤ Acupuncture can help improve the strength
and firmness of your bodyǤ UP
͵Ǥ If you want to increase the strength of
musclesǡ you need to know how to do it correctlyǤ UP
37
PHRASAL VERBS
ͶǤ Last week I did too much on pumping iron
and got a pulled muscleǤ OUT
ͷǤ MrRossiregularlyattendsagymtogetridof
the stress of his jobǤ OFF
͸Ǥ MysisterownsahealthclubsoIcanexercise
every dayǤ OUT
h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖

ː˃ˋ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅˖ˡ˕ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˏ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ
ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏǤ
ͳǤ Attheendofyourtrainingsessionǡyoushouldalwayscool
downǤ
aǤ recover from physical exertion
bǤ become less angry
cǤ become slightly colder
ʹǤ For those weakened by a long illnessǡ it is important to
exercise daily to build up your musclesǤ
aǤ accumulate bǤ strengthen cǤ increase
͵Ǥ Iamgoingtostartanewfitnessprogramthatwillhelpme
tone upǤ
aǤ become firmer
bǤ become more beautiful
cǤ become stronger
ͶǤ I’m trying to work off the fat from my waist by doing
exercises every morningǤ
aǤ relieve bǤ get rid of cǤ escape
ͷǤ If you work out at home it can become boring quicklyǤ
aǤ exercise bǤ practise cǤ coach
͸Ǥ Low-intensity exercise like badminton has much more
impact on burning off fat than high-intensity sportsǤ
aǤ using
bǤ removing
cǤ getting rid of
38
4. KEEPING FIT
ͳǤ ʑ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˢ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˊ˃ːˢ˕ǣ ˢ ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ːˑ˕˓ˈːˋ-
˓˖ˡ˔˟ ˅ ˕˓ˈː˃ˉˈ˓ːˑˏ ˊ˃ˎˈǡ ˔˄˓˃˔˞˅˃ˢ ˎˋ˛ːˋˌ ˅ˈ˔ ˋ
ː˃˓˃˜ˋ˅˃ˢ ˏ˞˛˙˞ ˓˖ˍǡ ːˑˆ ˋ ˆ˓˖ˇˋǤ
ʹǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˅ ˗ˋ˕ːˈ˔˔ˈ ˕˞ ːˑ˅ˋ˚ˑˍǡ ːˈ ˅˞ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˌ˔ˢ ˒ˑˎ-
ːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˅ ˒ˈ˓˅˞ˌ ˉˈ ˇˈː˟ ˅ ˕˓ˈː˃ˉˈ˓ːˑˏ ˊ˃ˎˈǤ
͵Ǥ ʔ˔ˎˋ˕˞ːˈ˔ˇ˃˛˟˔ˢǡ˕ˑˏˈˇˎˈːːˑǡ ːˑ˖˅ˈ˓ˈːːˑ˒˓ˋ-
ˇˈ˛˟ ˅ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛˖ˡ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˖Ǥ
ͶǤ ʗˆ˓ˑˍˋ ˖ˉˈ ː˃ ˒ˑˎˈ ˓˃ˊˑˆ˓ˈ˅˃ˡ˕˔ˢ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˋˆ˓ˑˌǤ
ͷǤ ʛːˑˆˋˈ ˎˡˇˋ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˢ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˇˑ˅ˑˎ˟ː˞ ˔˅ˑˋˏ ˕ˈˎˑˏǡ ˒ˑ-
ˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˋˏ ː˖ˉːˑ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˒ˑˇˇˈ˓ˉˋ˅˃˕˟ ˈˆˑ ˅ ˕ˑː˖˔ˈǤ
͸Ǥ ʞˑ˔ˎˈ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅ˍˋ ːˈˑ˄˘ˑˇˋˏˑ ˑ˔˕˞˕˟ǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˠ˕ˑ
˔ːˋˉ˃ˈ˕ ˓ˋ˔ˍ ˕˓˃˅ˏǤ
͹Ǥ ʡ˞ ˏˑˉˈ˛˟ ˒ˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ː˃˚˃˕˟ ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢ ː˃ ˍ˃˓-
ˇˋˑ˕˓ˈː˃ˉˈ˓ˈǫ
ͺǤ ʦˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ ˒ˑ˒˓˃˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˔˝ˈˇ˃ˈ˕ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˍ˃ˎˑ˓ˋˌǡ
˚ˈˏ ˔ˉˋˆ˃ˈ˕ ˅ ˕ˈ˚ˈːˋˈ ˇːˢǤ
KEYS
h I.
ͳǤ warm up calf muscles
ʹǤ burn off excess fat
͵Ǥ tone up my body
ͶǤ go about doing sit-ups or push-up
ͷǤ building up your strength
͸Ǥ work off extra pounds
h II.
ͳǤ to go about ͶǤ build up ͹Ǥ work out
ʹǤ burn off ͷǤ maxing out ͺǤ work off
͵Ǥtoforgeahead ͸Ǥ give in ͻǤ tone up
39
PHRASAL VERBS
h III.
ͳǤ A cardio machine can be a great way to burn off calories
and get in shapeǤ
ʹǤ Acupuncture can help tone up your bodyǤ
͵Ǥ Ifyouwanttobuildupmusclesǡyouneedtoknowhowto
do it correctlyǤ
ͶǤ Last week I maxed out on pumping iron and got a pulled
muscleǤ
ͷǤ Mr Rossi regularly attends a gym to work off the stress of
his jobǤ
͸Ǥ My sister owns a health club so I can work out every dayǤ
h IV.
ͳ Ȅ a Ͷ Ȅ b
ʹ Ȅ b ͷ Ȅ a
͵ Ȅ c ͸ Ȅ c
h V.
ͳǤ RecentlyI’vebeentoobusyworkingoutatagymǡworking
off excess weight and building up my arm and leg and
chest musclesǤ
ʹǤ If you are a fitness beginnerǡ don’t max out on your first
day at the gymǤ
͵Ǥ If you don’t give inǡ you’ll forge ahead with shaping upǤ
ͶǤ Theplayersarealreadyonthefieldwarmingupbeforethe
gameǤ
ͷǤ Alotofpeoplesaytheyarehappywiththeirbodyǡsothey
only need to tone it upǤ
͸Ǥ It’s necessary to cool down after exercise as it reduces the
risk of injuriesǤ
͹Ǥ Can you show how to go about working on this cardio
machine?
ͺǤ Apersongetsfatifheeatsmorecaloriesthanheburnsoff
during the dayǤ
40
5. TIME
Jane is an Executive Assistant at an international company in
BristolǤ She works irregular hoursǡ so she doesn’t have to clock
in1 and out2Ǥ The job gives Jane a lot of responsibilitiesǡ so she’s
always pressed for3 timeǤ She has to fit a lot of activities in4 her
busy schedule and she hates being held up5 by disruptions to
normal office proceduresǤ After a short lunch break she has to
presson6withherdutiesǤJanehastobalanceherworkloadwith
herpersonallifeǡsoshedoesn’thavemuchtimetowhileaway7Ǥ
Sometimesherworkinghoursrunon8tilllateintheeveningǤBut
when she does have spare time she usually hangs out9 with her
friendsǤ It’s difficult for Jane to plan for the futureǤ This year she
was planning to take her holiday in August but she has had to
bring it forward10 as in August her boss is flying to New YorkǤ
1
clock in
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ȋ˅ ˖˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˎˈːːˑˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢȌǢ ˗ˋˍ-
˔ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇ˃ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍ˃ ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖
2
clock out
ˊ˃ˍ˃ː˚ˋ˅˃˕˟ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ȋ˅ ˖˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˎˈːːˑˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢȌǢ
˗ˋˍ˔ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˅˓ˈˏˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍ ˊ˃ˍ˃ː˚ˋ˅˃-
ˈ˕ ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋˌ ˇˈː˟
3
be pressed for
ːˈ ˘˅˃˕˃˕˟ ȋ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
4
fit in
ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ȋˇˎˢ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
5
hold up
ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉˋ˅˃˕˟
6
press on
˔˒ˈ˛ˋ˕˟Ǣ ˃ˍ˕ˋ˅ːˑ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖)
7
while away
˒˓ˑ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ǡ ˍˑ˓ˑ˕˃˕˟ ȋ˅˓ˈˏˢ)
8
run on
˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˇˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˇˑˎ˟˛ˈǡ ˚ˈˏ ˊ˃˒ˎ˃ːˋ˓ˑǦ
˅˃ːˑ)
41
PHRASAL VERBS
9
hang out
˕˖˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˆˇˈǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
10
bring forward
˒ˈ˓ˈːˈ˔˕ˋ ː˃ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˓˃ːːˋˌ ˔˓ˑˍ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
be pressed for sth

Nicole is always pressed for ʢ ʜˋˍˑˎ˟ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ˕ ˅˓ˈ-
timeǤ ˏˈːˋǤ
bring forward sthȀbring sth forward
The meeting’s been brought ʠˑ˄˓˃ːˋˈ ˒ˈ˓ˈːˈ˔ˎˋ
forward to WednesdayǤ ː˃ ˔˓ˈˇ˖Ǥ
clock in
I clock in at ͻǣ͵ͲǤ ʮ ː˃˚ˋː˃ˡ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ˅ ͻǣ͵ͲǤ
clock out
By ͸ pǤmǤ most clerks have ʙ ͸ ˚˃˔˃ˏ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓˃ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋː-
clocked outǤ ˔˕˅ˑ ˍˎˈ˓ˍˑ˅ ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋˎˋ
˓˃˄ˑ˕˖Ǥ
fit in sthȀfit sth in
I wanted to fit in a jog before ʮ ˘ˑ˕ˈˎ ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˇˎˢ
breakfastǤ ˒˓ˑ˄ˈˉˍˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃ˍˑˏǤ
hang out ȋinformal)
I don’t know who my younger ʮ ːˈ ˊː˃ˡǡ ˔ ˍˈˏ ˕˖˔˖ˈ˕˔ˢ
sister hangs out withǤ ˏˑˢ ˏˎ˃ˇ˛˃ˢ ˔ˈ˔˕˓˃Ǥ
hold sb upȀhold up sb
SorryI’mlateǤIwasheldupat ʗˊ˅ˋːˋ˕ˈǡ ˢ ˑ˒ˑˊˇ˃ˎǤ ʛˈːˢ
workǤ ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉ˃ˎˋ ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕ˈǤ
press on
We’ll talk about your project ʛ˞˒ˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˏˑ˅˃˛ˈˏ˒˓ˑ-
laterǢ now let’s press onǤ ˈˍ˕ˈ ˒ˑˊˉˈǡ ˃ ˔ˈˌ˚˃˔ ˇ˃˅˃ˌ-
˕ˈ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉˋˏ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖Ǥ
42
5. TIME
run on
Meetings sometimes run on ʗːˑˆˇ˃ ˔ˑ˄˓˃ːˋˢ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎ-
ˉ˃ˡ˕˔ˢ ˇˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˊ˃˒ˎ˃ːˋ˓ˑ-
longer than plannedǤ ˅˃ːːˑˆˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋǤ
while away sthȀwhile sth away

We whiled away the evening ʛ˞ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˕˃ˎˋ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓ ˊ˃
over a game of chessǤ ˋˆ˓ˑˌ ˅ ˛˃˘ˏ˃˕˞Ǥ
PRACTICE

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌ awayǡ forǡ forwardǡ
inǡ offǡ onǡ out ˋˎˋ upǤ
ͳǤ If I weren’t pressed _______ time we could have lunch
togetherǤ
ʹǤ Our mobile application allows you to clock _______ and
clock _______ directly from any iPhone or Android deviceǤ
͵Ǥ If it’s urgentǡ we can fit you _______ for a scan tomorrowǤ
ͶǤ All he does is hang _______ in jazz clubs and get drunkǤ
ͷǤ Now that all the passengers are on boardǡ I wonder what’s
holding us _______Ǥ
͸Ǥ Kane was determined to press _______ with the projectǡ
despite the criticisms from his colleaguesǤ
͹Ǥ The club proved to be a very pleasant place to while
_______ a couple of hoursǤ
ͺǤ The negotiations ran _______ for hours with no resultsǤ
ͻǤ The semifinals have been brought _______ to ͳʹ MayǤ
h౮IIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡˊ˃ˏˈːˋ˅˔ˎˑ˅˃ˋ˅˞-
ˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǤ
ͳǤ Eva said she could teach the German class if she weren’t
short of timeǤ
43
PHRASAL VERBS
ʹǤ The dispute concerned the use of swipe cards to register
the time of arrival at and departure from workǤ
͵Ǥ I don’t think I can find time for a swim before breakfastǤ
ͶǤ They would spend time in the pub for hoursǡ having
ordered just a glass of beerǤ
ͷǤ The anti-migrant march hindered traffic in the city centreǤ
͸Ǥ Mr Foster ignored our angry comments and continued his
speech in a determined wayǤ
͹Ǥ Green Park is perfect for spending a day off in a relaxed
and pleasant wayǤ
ͺǤ The discussion continued for hours but in the end we
managed to reach a consensusǤ
ͻǤ Can I move my appointment with Dr Bradley to ͵ǣ͵Ͳ
instead of ͸ o’clock?
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˒ˋ˛ˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ-

˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˡ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ ˔ˑ
˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˏˋ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ˏˋǤ
aǤ time
ͳǤ to __________________ bǤ an evening
cǤ days
aǤ a lunch
ʹǤ to __________________ bǤ an appointment
cǤ domestic work
aǤ cash
͵Ǥ to __________________ bǤ time
cǤ money
aǤ a concert
ͶǤ to __________________ bǤ traffic
cǤ progress
h౮IVǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˅ˑ˔ˈˏ˟ ˑ˛ˋ˄ˑˍ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˋ ˋ˔˒˓˃˅˟˕ˈ ˋ˘Ǥ

I’mRitaHartandI’msecretarytoDrKendalǡafamilypractitionerǤ
I’m responsible for maintaining the smooth running of his office
44
5. TIME
andfreeinghimfromperformingroutineactivitiesǤLuckilyǡIdon’t
have to tick in and clock from but my workday may run forward
until the last of the patients leaves Dr Kendal’s officeǤ
One of my main duties is scheduling Dr Kendal’s appointmentsǤ
When a patient calls for an appointment I have to record the
information onto Dr Kendal’s calendarǤ Sometimes a patient may
call and ask to take his appointment forward or cancel itǤ Or an
emergency patient may insist on putting him in right awayǤ
Analytical skills are very important hereǤ I have to assess each
call carefully as my boss is always pressed under spare time and
hates it when schedule conflicts hold down his workǤ I also have
to do some minor work for Dr Kendal outside the officeǡ and do
itquicklyasIhavemyofficedutiestopushonwithwhenIcome
backǤ

ͳǤ ʗˆ˓˃ ˅ ˛˃˘ˏ˃˕˞ Ȅ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˋˌ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˕˃˕˟ ˇˑ-
ˉˇˎˋ˅˞ˌ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓Ǥ
ʹǤ ʜˋˍ˕ˑ ːˈ ˑˉˋˇ˃ˎǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔ˑ˄˓˃ːˋˈ ˊ˃˕ˢːˈ˕˔ˢ ˇˑ ˅ˑ˔˟ˏˋ
˚˃˔ˑ˅Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʜˑ˅˞ˌ ˏˈːˈˇˉˈ˓ ˄˞ˎ ˒ˑˎˑː ˓ˈ˛ˋˏˑ˔˕ˋ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉˋ˕˟
ˏˑˇˈ˓ːˋˊ˃˙ˋˡ ˊ˃˅ˑˇ˃Ǥ
ͶǤ ʜˈ˔˚˃˔˕ː˞ˌ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˌ ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉ˃ˎ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ː˃ ˔˕˓ˑˌ˒ˎˑ-
˜˃ˇˍˈ ː˃ ˇ˅ˈ ːˈˇˈˎˋǤ
ͷǤ ʓˉˋˎ ːˈ ˋˊ ˕ˈ˘ ˎˡˇˈˌǡ ˔ ˍˈˏ ˏˑˉːˑ ˒ˑ˕˖˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǤ
͸Ǥ ʔ˔ˎˋˏˑˈ˓˃˔˒ˋ˔˃ːˋˈː˃ˊ˃˅˕˓˃˒ˑˊ˅ˑˎˋ˕ǡˢː˃ˌˇ˖ˇˎˢ
˕ˈ˄ˢ ˅˓ˈˏˢǤ
͹Ǥ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋˈ ˓ˈˆˋ˔˕˓ˋ˓˖ˡ˕ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇ˃ ː˃ ˓˃-
˄ˑ˕˖ ˋ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˖˘ˑˇ˃ǡ ˕ˑ ˠ˕ˑ ˒ˑˏˑˆ˃ˈ˕ ˓˖ˍˑ˅ˑˇ˔˕˅˖
ˍˑː˕˓ˑˎˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˋ˘ ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˅ ˕ˈ˚ˈːˋˈ ˇːˢǤ
ͺǤ ʝːˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈːˈ˔ˎˋ ˔˅˃ˇ˟˄˖ ː˃ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˓˃ːːˡˡ ˇ˃˕˖ǡ ˚˕ˑ-
˄˞ ˈˈ ˄˓˃˕ ˕ˑˉˈ ˏˑˆ ː˃ ːˈˌ ˒˓ˋ˔˖˕˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟Ǥ
ͻǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ˄˞ˏˋ˔˕ˈ˓ʟˑ˄ˋːːˈ˄˞ˎ˕˃ˍˊ˃ːˢ˕ǡˑː˄˞˒ˑˏˑˆ
˕ˈ˄ˈǤ
45
PHRASAL VERBS
KEYS
h I.
ͳǤ for ͶǤ out ͹Ǥ away
ʹǤ inȀout ͷǤ up ͺǤ on
͵Ǥ in ͸Ǥ on ͻǤ forward
h II.
ͳǤ Eva said she could teach the German class if she weren’t
pressed for timeǤ
ʹǤ The dispute concerned the use of swipe cards to clock in
and clock out of workǤ
͵Ǥ I don’t think I can fit in a swim before breakfastǤ
ͶǤ Theywouldhangoutinthepubforhoursǡhavingordered
just a glass of beerǤ
ͷǤ The anti-migrant march held up traffic in the city centreǤ
͸Ǥ Mr Foster ignored our angry comments and pressed on
with his speechǤ
͹Ǥ Green Park is perfect for whiling away a day offǤ
ͺǤ Thediscussionranonforhoursbutintheendwemanaged
to reach a consensusǤ
ͻǤ Can I bring forward my appointment with Dr Bradley to
͵ǣ͵Ͳ instead of ͸ o’clock?
h III.
ͳǤ while away
ʹǤ fit in
͵Ǥ be pressed for
ͶǤ hold up
h IV.
I’mRitaHartandI’msecretarytoDrKendalǡafamilypractitionerǤ
I’m responsible for maintaining the smooth running of his office
andfreeinghimfromperformingroutineactivitiesǤLuckilyǡIdon’t
46
5. TIME
havetoclockinandclockoutbutmyworkdaymayrunonuntil
the last of the patients leaves Dr Kendal’s officeǤ
One of my main duties is scheduling Dr Kendal’s appointmentsǤ
When a patient calls for an appointment I have to record the
information onto Dr Kendal’s calendarǤ Sometimes a patient may
call and ask to bring his appointment forward or cancel itǤ Or an
emergency patient may insist on fitting him in right awayǤ
AnalyticalskillsareveryimportanthereǤIhavetoassesseachcall
carefullyasmybossisalwayspressedforsparetimeandhatesit
whenscheduleconflictsholduphisworkǤIalsohavetodosome
minor work for Dr Kendal outside the officeǡ and do it quickly as
I have my office duties to press on with when I come backǤ
h V.
ͳǤ Playing chess is a nice way to while away a rainy eveningǤ
ʹǤ No one expected the meeting to run on until ͺ o’clockǤ
͵Ǥ The new manager was determined to press on with
modernizing the factoryǤ
ͶǤ Theaccidentheldupworkattheconstructionsitefortwo
weeksǤ
ͷǤ Jill is not the person to hang out withǤ
͸Ǥ If my schedule for tomorrow allows itǡ I’ll fit you inǤ
͹Ǥ If workers clock in and outǡ it helps the management
control their hours during the workdayǤ
ͺǤ Theybroughtthedateoftheweddingforwardsothather
brother could attendǡ tooǤ
ͻǤ If Mt Robin weren’t so pressed for timeǡ he would help
youǤ
47
REVISION 1—5
h౮IǤ ʖ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˈ

˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊ˞Ǥ
ͳǤ After kissing good-bye to his wife and kidsǡ Tim set out
for ǥ
a. work
b. the railway station
c. a walk
ʹǤ EventhoughthetaskwasverydifficultǡAbbywouldn’tgive
in and ǥ
a. started working
b. stopped working
c. kept working
͵Ǥ I must have blacked out because I ǥ
a. have black paint all over my jeans
b. can’t remember anything
c. have a black eye
ͶǤ If you want to lose weightǡ the best food stuff to cut out
would be ǥ
a. fruit and vegetable
b. dairy products
c. bakery food
ͷǤ Ifyou’regoingtoLondonǡwhydon’tyoustopoffinBasildon
to see your aunt Maggie ǥ
a. before you leave
b. on your way there
c. after you get back
48
REVISION 1—5
͸Ǥ Joel works out every evening because he ǥ
a. wants to keep fit
b. has much work
c. needs money
͹Ǥ Neal has been held up by a traffic jamǡ so he’s likely to
be ǥ
a. injured b. early c. late
ͺǤ The meeting was scheduled for September ͳͷ but then it
was brought forward a week to ǥ
a. September ʹʹ b. September ͺ c. September ʹͻ
ͻǤ Whenever Gary’s arthritis flares upǡ he has to ǥ
a. take some medication
b. go to the gym
c. wear plaster
ͳͲǤ You are likely to have a stomach problem if you live on ǥ
a. wholesome food
b. fried food
c. healthy food
ͳǤ After the accident Jenny had to stop drivingǤ GIVE
ʹǤ It took old Mrs Stram a very long time to
recover from that bout of arthritis she hadǤ GET
͵Ǥ Jogging is excellent for getting rid of tensionǤ WORK
ͶǤ MarkfeltgreataboutleavingNewYorkǡeven
if for only one dayǤ GET
ͷǤ Mysonkeptaskingmeforanewbicycleǡand
I finally agreedǤ GIVE
͸Ǥ Professional boxers spend at least an hour
every day exercising in the gymǤ WORK
͹Ǥ The average American eats ͳͲͲ burgers a yearǤ GET
49
PHRASAL VERBS
ͺǤ VolunteerismfillsthelittletimeIhaveoutside
of schoolǤ TAKE
ͻǤ Welcome on boardǤ This is your Captain
speakingǤ We are due to leave the ground
and start flying in ten minutesǤ TAKE
h౮IIIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡˊ˃ˏˈːˋ˅˔ˎˑ˅˃ˋ˅˞-
ˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˔ ˖ˍ˃-
ˊ˃ːː˞ˏˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋǤ
off
ͳǤ After the pill the stomachache was becoming less
intensiveǤ
ʹǤ At this time a lot of service workers would be departing
from workǤ
͵Ǥ He decided to make a short visit to London to see the
sightsǤ
ͶǤ Nowadays many kids consume a lot of crisps and fizzy
drinksǤ
ͷǤ When I feel frustratedǡ I go and get rid of it in the gymǤ
out
͸Ǥ Her workdays are full of meetingsǡ conferences and other
eventsǤ
͹Ǥ It is difficult to exclude sugar from your dietǤ
ͺǤ Our band is leaving on a European tour in JuneǤ
ͻǤ Soon after the accident I became unconsciousǤ
ͳͲǤ This café is a popular place where students spend a lot
of timeǤ
up
ͳͳǤ I tried giving him some waterǡ but he was so weak with
hunger that he vomited itǤ
ͳʹǤ It’s important to do gentle physical exercise before you
do any sportǤ
ͳ͵Ǥ The best way to increase your stamina is to run miles on
your days offǤ
ͳͶǤ The new baby consumes all my time and energyǤ
ͳͷǤ The strike delayed work on the new bridge for weeksǤ
50
REVISION 1—5
h౮IVǤ ʝ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˌ˕ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞Ǥ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ-
˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖
˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǤ
burn cut ȋʹȌ fit
forge give max
take work ȋʹȌ
ahead down
in off (2)
out (3) up (2)
The best way to lose weight is different for everyone but it’s
neither (1) _____________ at a gym nor (2) ______________
eating completelyǤ A person who hasn’t exercised for years runs
theriskofgettinganinjuryifheshouldstartȋ͵Ȍ_____________
at a gym seven days a weekǤ The same is true for people who
suddenly go on a diet and (4) ______________ certain types of
food along with nutrients and vitamins that our bodies needǤ
To lose weightǡ you need (5) ______________ excess calories
and prevent your body from storing any excess energy as fatǤ
The most effective way to do this is to (6) _______________ on
fatty foods and (7) ______________ extra exercise in addition to
your regular programǤ Just a short ͳͷ minute walk will help you
(8) ________________ excess weight if taken most days of the
weekǤRememberthat(9)_________________withlosingweight
isagradualprocessthatislikely(10)_______________yourtime
and energyǤ
h౮VǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋ-
ˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌ forǡ inǡ offǡ onǡ outǡ through
ˋˎˋ upǤ
I have never worked (1) _______ in a gym as I don’t need any
special equipment to tone (2) _______ my own bodyǤ My days
are usually so packed (3) _______ that I’m constantly pressed
(4) _______ time and can hardly fit (5) _______ an evening
walkwithmydogǤMyfriendsenvymebecausetheyhavetolive
(6) _______fruitandvegetablesǡcut(7)_______sweetstuffand
baked goods and exercise for hours to burn (8) _______ an ice-
cream or a pastryǤ I just watch what I eat but will happily get
51
PHRASAL VERBS
(9) _______ a large meal when I eat (10) _______Ǥ Besides I’m
a sweet tooth and can’t imagine giving (11) _______ my bed-
time sweetsǤ My friends keep on talking about push-upsǡ sit-ups
and pull-upsǡ the right way of warming (12) _______ǡ and the
importance of maxing (13) _______ in the gymǡ but often end
with a pulled muscle or an ankle that swells (14) _______ after
a dislocationǤ
h౮VIǤʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢː˃˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌˢˊ˞ˍǡˋ˔-
˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞Ǥ
ͳǤ ʑ˚ˈ˓˃ ˖˕˓ˑˏ ˖ ˏˈːˢ ˄˞ˎˑ ˏ˃ˎˑ ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋǡ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑˏ˖
ˢ ːˈ ˓˃ˊˑˆ˓ˈˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˊ˃ˎˈ ˋ ˒ˑ˅˓ˈˇˋˎ ˓˖ˍ˖Ǥ ʡˈ˒ˈ˓˟ ˑː˃
ˑ˕ˈˍˎ˃ ˋ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˄ˑˎˋ˕Ǥ
ʹǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ː˃˚˃ˎ˃ ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ːˑ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋ-
˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ ˍ˖˓ˋ˕˟ ˋ ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˕ ˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˎˈ-
ːˋˢ ˒˓ˑˇ˖ˍ˕ˑ˅ ˔ ˅˞˔ˑˍˋˏ ˔ˑˇˈ˓ˉ˃ːˋˈˏ ˉˋ˓˃Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʛ˞ ˒ˎ˃ːˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎˋ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌ ˒ˑ-
˘ˑˇ ˅ ː˃˚˃ˎˈ ˋˡˎˢǡ ːˑ ː˃ˏ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈːˈ˔˕ˋ ˈˆˑ
ː˃ ˋˡː˟ǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˏˑˌ ˆ˓˃˗ˋˍ ˅ ˋˡːˈ ˒ˑˎˑː ˔ˑ˄˓˃ːˋˌ
ˋ ˍˑː˗ˈ˓ˈː˙ˋˌǤ
ͶǤ ʞˑ˒˖˕ˋ˅ʏː˕˃ˎ˟ˡˏ˞ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎˋ˔˟˅ʠ˕˃ˏ˄˖ˎˈǡ˚˕ˑ-
˄˞ ˒ˑ˕˖˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ː˃˛ˋˏˋ ˏˈ˔˕ː˞ˏˋ ˇ˓˖ˊ˟ˢˏˋǤ
ͷǤ ʮ ˄˞ ˒˓ˈˇ˒ˑ˚ˎ˃ǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˏ˞ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ ːˈ ˘ˑˇˋˎˋ ˅ ˓ˈ-
˔˕ˑ˓˃ːǤ ʮ ˚˖˅˔˕˅˖ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˖ ˏˈːˢ ː˃˚ˋː˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˖ˇ˃Ǥ
ʮ ˔ˑˑ˄˓˃ˉ˖ ˚˕ˑǦːˋ˄˖ˇ˟ ː˃ ˖ˉˋːǡ ˋ ˏ˞ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˕˃ˈˏ ˅ˈ-
˚ˈ˓ ˖ ˕ˈˎˈ˅ˋˊˑ˓˃Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
ͳ Ȅ a ͸ Ȅ a
ʹ Ȅ ˔ ͹ Ȅ ˔
͵ Ȅ b ͺ Ȅ b
Ͷ Ȅ ˔ ͻ Ȅ a
ͷ Ȅ b ͳͲ Ȅ b
52
REVISION 1—5
h II.
ͳǤ After the accident Jenny had to give up drivingǤ
ʹǤ It took old Mrs Stram a very long time to get over that
bout of arthritis she hadǤ
͵Ǥ Jogging is excellent for working off tensionǤ
ͶǤ MarkfeltgreataboutgettingawayfromNewYorkǡevenif
for only one dayǤ
ͷǤ MysonkeptaskingmeforanewbicycleǡandIfinallygave
inǤ
͸Ǥ Professional boxers spend at least an hour every day
working out in the gymǤ
͹Ǥ The average American gets through ͳͲͲ burgers a yearǤ
ͺǤ Volunteerism takes up the little time I have outside of
schoolǤ
ͻǤ Welcome on boardǤ This is your Captain speakingǤ We are
due to take off in ten minutesǤ
h III.
ͳǤ After the pill the stomachache was easing offǤ
ʹǤ AtthistimealotofserviceworkerswouldbeclockingoffǤ
͵Ǥ He decided to stop off in London to see the sightsǤ
ͶǤ Nowadays many kids live on crisps and fizzy drinksǤ
ͷǤ When I feel frustratedǡ I go and work it off in the gymǤ
͸Ǥ Her workdays are packed out with meetingsǡ conferences
and other eventsǤ
͹Ǥ It is difficult to cut out sugar from your dietǤ
ͺǤ Our band is setting out on a European tour in JuneǤ
ͻǤ Soon after the accident I blacked outǤ
ͳͲǤ This café is a popular place where students hang outǤ
ͳͳǤ I tried giving him some waterǡ but he was so weak with
hunger that he threw it upǤ
ͳʹǤ It’s important to warm up before you do any sportǤ
ͳ͵Ǥ The best way to build up your stamina is to run miles on
your days offǤ
53
PHRASAL VERBS
ͳͶǤ The new baby takes up all my time and energyǤ
ͳͷǤ The strike held up work on the new bridge for weeksǤ
h IV.
ͳǤ maxing out ͸Ǥ to cut down
ʹǤ giving up ͹Ǥ fit in
͵Ǥ to work out ͺǤ work off
ͶǤ cut out ͻǤ forging ahead
ͷǤ to burn off ͳͲǤ to take up
h V.
ͳǤ out ͸Ǥ on ͳͳǤ up
ʹǤ up ͹Ǥ out ͳʹǤ up
͵Ǥ out ͺǤ off ͳ͵Ǥ out
ͶǤ for ͻǤ through ͳͶǤ up
ͷǤ in ͳͲǤ out
h VI.
ͳǤ Yesterday morning I was pressed for time so didn’t warm
upinthegymandinjuredmyarmǤNowithasswollenup
and hurts me a lotǤ
ʹǤ When I started working out regularly I had to give up
smoking and cut out fatty foodsǤ
͵Ǥ Wehadbeenplanningtosetoutonacampingtripinearly
July but we had to bring it forward to June as my July
schedule is packed out with meetings and conferencesǤ
ͶǤ OnourwaytoAntalyawestoppedoffinIstanbultohang
out with our local friendsǤ
ͷǤ I’d rather we didn’t eat out todayǤ I feel like I’m coming
downwithcoldǤI’llrustleupsomedinnerandwe’llwhile
the evening away in front of the tellyǤ
54
6. DESCRIBING
PEOPLE
My sisters Liz and Mary are twins. They are so similar that even our
parents have difficulty telling one from the other1. Other than
that, there’s a world of difference between them. Liz is a bright
personality and always stands out2 in a crowd. She knows she’s
very beautiful and enjoys dressing up3 though sometimes she
finds it hard to decide what to put on4. Quite often she shows
off5 and it irritates me a bit. Even when we visit our grandpar-
ents, the first thing she does when we arrive is freshen herself
up6! Mary, on the contrary, is very shy and always tries to blend
in with7 the people around her. She always shies away from8
noisy people and places and prefers a good book to swinging
parties. She never minds trends and fashion and doesn’t care
much about what to slip on9. As a rule she dresses down10 in
order not to attract much attention. They are certainly as differ-
ent as chalk and cheese, but I like them just the way they are!
1
tell one from the other
ˑ˕ˎˋ˚˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚˃˕˟
2
stand out
˄˞˕˟ ˊ˃ˏˈ˕ː˞ˏǡ ˅˞ˇˈˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ
3
dress up
ː˃˓ˢˉ˃˕˟˔ˢ
4
put on
ː˃ˇˈ˅˃˕˟
5
show off
ˍ˓˃˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓ˋ˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
6
freshen up
˒˓ˋ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˑˍǡ ˑ˔˅ˈˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ
55
PHRASAL VERBS
7
blend in with
aȌ ːˈ ˅˞ˇˈˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˕ˑˎ˒ˈȌȀ˔ˏˈ˛˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˕ˑˎ-
˒ˑˌ); bȌ ˅ˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˍˑˎˎˈˍ˕ˋ˅)
8
shy away from
˔˕ˑ˓ˑːˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˋˊ˄ˈˆ˃˕˟
9
slip on
ː˃˙ˈ˒ˋ˕˟ ȋˑˇˈˉˇ˖)
10
dress down
ˑˇˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑȀ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˜ˈ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
blend in ȋwith) sb

Joel is so shy that he always ʓˉˑˠˎ ˕˃ˍˑˌ ˊ˃˔˕ˈː˚ˋ˅˞ˌǡ
tries to blend in with the ˚˕ˑ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˔˕˃˓˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ːˈ ˅˞-
people around him. ˇˈˎˢ˕˟˔ˢː˃˗ˑːˈˑˍ˓˖ˉ˃ˡ-
˜ˋ˘Ǥ
dress down
More and more people are ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˅˔ˈ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˋ ˄ˑˎ˟-
dressing down for work these ˛ˈ ˎˡˇˈˌ ˑˇˈ˅˃ˡ˕˔ˢ ː˃ ˓˃-
days. ˄ˑ˕˖ ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˜ˈ.
dress up
Nikki always dresses up for ʜˋˍˋ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ː˃˓ˢˉ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ː˃
parties. ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓ˋːˍˋǤ
freshen up
Where’s the bathroom? I would ʒˇˈ ˅˃ːː˃ˢ ˍˑˏː˃˕˃ǫ ʮ ˘ˑ˚˖
like to freshen up. ˒˓ˋ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˑˍ.
put on sth / put sth on
Carly put her coat on and ran ʙ˃˓ˎˋ ː˃˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎ˃ ˒˃ˎ˟˕ˑ
out of the house. ˋ ˅˞˄ˈˉ˃ˎ˃ ˋˊ ˇˑˏ˃Ǥ
show off
Don’t take any notice of Ann, ʜˈ ˑ˄˓˃˜˃ˌ ˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˢ ː˃
she is just showing off. ʏːː˖ǡ ˑː˃ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˓ˋ˔˖ˈ˕˔ˢ.
56
6. DESCRIBING PEOPLE
shy away from sth
Kids usually shy away from ʓˈ˕ˋ ˑ˄˞˚ːˑ ˔˕ˑ˓ˑːˢ˕˔ˢ
strangers. ːˈˊː˃ˍˑˏ˙ˈ˅Ǥ
slip sth on / slip on

Jim slipped on a pair of blue ʓˉˋˏ ː˃˙ˈ˒ˋˎ ˇˉˋː˔˞
jeans and T-short and went to ˋ ˗˖˕˄ˑˎˍ˖ ˋ ˒ˑ˛ˈˎ ˅ ˏ˃Ǧ
the shop. ˆ˃ˊˋːǤ
stand out
Ken is the sort of person who ʙˈː ˋˊ ˕ˈ˘ǡ ˍ˕ˑ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˅˞-
always stands out in a crowd. ˇˈˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ː˃ ˗ˑːˈ ˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘
ˎˡˇˈˌǤ
tell sb / sth from sb / sth

Bob and Bill are twins. It’s ʐˑ˄ ˋ ʐˋˎˎ Ȅ ˄ˎˋˊːˈ˙˞Ǥ ʗ˘
impossible to tell one from ːˈ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ˋ˕˟.
the other.
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˢˏˈˉˇ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃-
ˏˋ ˋ ˋ˘ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢˏˋǤ
1. dress up a. make yourself look neat and tidy
after a journey or before a meeting
2. dress down b. avoid doing something because you
are nervous or frightened
3. blend in with c. wear clothes that are less smart than
usual
4. freshen up d. put clothes or shoes on quickly and
easily
5. put on e. behave in such a manner as to make
an impression
6. show off f. be or look the same as those around
you
57
PHRASAL VERBS
7. shy away from g. distinguish somebody from another
person
8. slip on h. place clothing on your body in order
to wear it
9. stand out i. wear clothes that are smarter than
the ones you usually wear
10. tell sb from sb j. be much better than other people
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋ-

1. Chris, a six-foot-three redhead, __________ in his small
rural community like a palm tree in a cornfield.
a. stood out b. blended c. showed off
2. We can __________ tonight because the ceremony is going
to be very informal.
a. dress up b. dress down c. put on
3. Teenagers often __________ curious or flirty glances from
attractive members of the opposite sex.
a. blend in with
b. shy away from
c. freshen up
4. I think Tom is just trying to __________ in front of the girls.
a. stand out b. freshen up c. show off
5. She __________ a pair of white jeans and a black sleeveless
top and went for a walk with her dog.
a. slipped on b. dressed up c. dressed down
6. I hope when we arrive there will be some time to __________
before the interview.
a. show off b. freshen up c. dress up
7. No matter how hard I tried to __________ my group-mates,
they knew my background was different.
a. stand out from b. shy away from c. blend in with
8. All kids were __________ in white sheets, pretending to be
ghosts.
a. dressed up b. dressed down c. blended in
58
9. I’ll have to __________ my coat; it’s too cold outside.
a. dress up b. put on c. slip on
h౮IIIǤ ʗ˔˒˓˃˅˟˕ˈ ˑ˛ˋ˄ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘Ǥ

1. Do you know how to see a fake Vuitton handbag from the
real one?
2. He doesn’t usually drive fast. He’s just showing up because
he wants to impress you.
3. I was happy to see the girls beginning to blend with in the
other guests.
4. In our office, people wear down on Fridays.
5. It’s a small informal partyȄyou don’t have to dress down.
6. Many men nowadays shy from away relations with single
mothers.
7. Sam was already at the door slipping in his coat.
8. She stands out against the crowd because she’s not afraid
to speak her mind.
9. She took off her dress and dressed on a sweater and
trousers.
10. There’s a bathroom upstairs if you’d like to dress up.
h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ-

1. blend in with 3. put on
a. classmates a. a coat
b. guests b. a haircut
c. milk c. weight
2. shy away from 4. slip on
a. housework a. jeans
b. conflicts b. shoes
c. friendship c. make-up

ͳǤ ʗːˑˆˇ˃ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˓ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˋ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚ˋ˕˟ ˄ˎˋˊːˈ˙ˑ˅
ˇ˓˖ˆ ˑ˕ ˇ˓˖ˆ˃.
59
PHRASAL VERBS
ʹǤ ʚ˖˚˛ˈ ˑˇˈː˟˔ˢ ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˜ˈǡ ˏ˞ ˈˇˈˏ ˅ ˎˈ˔ ː˃ ˄˃˓˄ˈˍˡǤ
͵Ǥ ʛˈˆˆˋ ˕˃ˍ˃ˢ ˍ˓˃˔ˋ˅˃ˢǨ ʝː˃ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˅˞ˇˈˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ
˅ ˕ˑˎ˒ˈ.
ͶǤ ʜˈ ˑ˄˓˃˜˃ˌ ː˃ ːˈˆˑ ˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˢǡ ˑː ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˓ˋ˔˖ˈ˕˔ˢ
˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˆˑ˔˕ˢˏˋǤ
5. ʜ˃ˇˈː˟ ˆˑˎ˖˄ˑˈ ˒ˎ˃˕˟ˈǡ ˑːˑ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˋˇˈ˕Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʞˑˇˑˉˇˋ ˏˋː˖˕ˍ˖ǡ ˢ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ː˃ˍˋː˖ ˍˑ˗˕˖ ˋ ˔˒˖˜˖˔˟
˅ːˋˊǤ
͹Ǥ ʞˑ˔ˎˈ˕˃ˍˑˌ˖˕ˑˏˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˌ˒ˑˈˊˇˍˋˏːˈː˖ˉːˑ˅˓ˈˏˢǡ
˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒˓ˋ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˑˍ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˑ˄ˈˇˑˏǤ
ͺǤ ʠˋˎ˟˅ˋˢ ˕˃ˍ˃ˢ ˔˕ˈ˔ːˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˃ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔˕ˑ˓ˑːˋ˕˔ˢ ˎˡ˄ˑ-
ˆˑǡ ˍ˕ˑ ˑ˄˓˃˜˃ˈ˕ ː˃ ːˈˈ ˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˈǤ
ͻǤ ʮ ː˃˚˃ˎ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ ˅ ˠ˕ˑˌ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋ ˇ˅˃ ˆˑˇ˃ ː˃ˊ˃ˇǡ
ːˑ ˅˔ˈ ˈ˜ˈ ːˈ ˅ˎˋˎ˔ˢ ˅ ˍˑˎˎˈˍ˕ˋ˅Ǥ
ͳͲǤ ʮ ːˈ ˎˡ˄ˎˡ ː˃ˇˈ˅˃˕˟ ˏ˃˔ˍ˃˓˃ˇː˞ˌ ˍˑ˔˕ˡˏ ˇ˃ˉˈ
ː˃ ʤˠˎˎˑ˖ˋːǤ
KEYS
h౮I.
ͳ Ȅ i ͷ Ȅ h ͻ Ȅ j
ʹ Ȅ c ͸ Ȅ e ͳͲ Ȅ g
͵ Ȅ f ͹ Ȅ b
Ͷ Ȅ a ͺ Ȅ d
h II.
ͳ Ȅ a Ͷ Ȅ c ͹ Ȅ c
ʹ Ȅ b ͷ Ȅ a ͺ Ȅ a
͵ Ȅ b ͸ Ȅ b ͻ Ȅ b
h III.
1. Do you know how to tell a fake Vuitton handbag from the
real one?
60
2. He doesn’t usually drive fast. He’s just showing off because
he wants to impress you.
3. I was happy to see the girls beginning to blend in with the
other guests.
4. In our office, people dress down on Fridays.
5. It’s a small informal party Ȅ you don’t have to dress up.
6. Many men nowadays shy away from relations with single
mothers.
7. Sam was already at the door slipping on his coat.
8. She stands out in the crowd because she’s not afraid to
speak her mind.
9. She took off her dress and put on a sweater and trousers.
10. There’s a bathroom upstairs if you’d like to freshen up.
h IV.
ͳ Ȅ c ͵ Ȅ b
ʹ Ȅ a Ͷ Ȅ c
h V.
1. Sometimes only parents can tell one twin from the other.
2. You’d better dress down, we’re going to a barbecue in the
forest.
3. Meggy is so beautiful! She really stands out in a crowd.
4. Don’t pay attention to him, he is just showing off in front
of the guests.
5. Put on the blue dress, it suits you a lot.
6. Wait a sec, I’ll just slip on my cardigan and come downstairs.
7. After such a tiring journey I need some time to freshen
myself up before dinner.
8. Silvia is so bashful that she shies away from anyone who
pays close attention to her.
9. I started working for the company two years ago but
I haven’t blended in with the team yet.
10. I hate dressing up even at Halloween.
61
7. FEELINGS
Be sure to open all emails today. You’re likely to receive some

good news that’ll brighten you up1. You might get a good job
offer. Or perhaps your old love gets in touch with you to re-
new old bonds. Expect the unexpected, but don’t get carried
away2!
Don’t hesitate to try something new today! Even if the idea takes
you aback3 at first, think about it, and you may warm to4 it! And
when you find yourself doing something new and taking to5 it
enthusiastically, you’ll get the infusion of fun you need!
This could be a frustrating day. Your boss picks on6 you and puts
down7 your new project. Perhaps your best friend lets you down8.
Just cool down9, pull yourself together10 and the ultimate result
will be worth the efforts.
1
brighten up
˓˃ˇˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˇˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
2
get carried away
˖˅ˎˈˍ˃˕˟Ǣ ˑ˘˅˃˕˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˚˖˅˔˕˅ˈ)
3
take aback
ˊ˃˘˅˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˅˓˃˔˒ˎˑ˘Ǣ ˖ˇˋ˅ˋ˕˟
4
warm to
˅ˑˑˇ˖˛ˈ˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ
5
take to
˒˓ˋ˔˕˓˃˔˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˖˅ˎˈ˚˟˔ˢ ȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
6
pick on
˒˓ˋˇˋ˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ)
7
put down
ˍ˓ˋ˕ˋˍˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˔˖ˉˇ˃˕˟
8
let down
˓˃ˊˑ˚˃˓ˑ˅˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟
62
7. FEELINGS
9
cool down
ˑ˔˕˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˖˔˒ˑˍ˃ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
10
pull oneself together
˅ˊˢ˕˟ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˓˖ˍˋǡ ˔ˑ˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˇ˖˘ˑˏ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
be taken aback
I was somewhat taken aback ʔˆˑ ˊ˃ˏˈ˚˃ːˋˈ ˏˈːˢ ːˈ-
by his remark. ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˖ˇˋ˅ˋˎˑ.
brighten up
Kane brightened up when he ʙˑˆˇ˃ ʙˈˌː˖ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˋǡ ˚˕ˑ
was told that Sue was coming ʠ˟ˡ ˅˔˩Ǧ˕˃ˍˋ ˒˓ˋˇ˩˕ǡ ˑː ˑ˄-
after all. ˓˃ˇˑ˅˃ˎ˔ˢ.
cool down
When he cooled down a little ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˑː ːˈˏːˑˆˑ ˑ˔˕˞ˎ,
he realized that he had been ˕ˑ ˒ˑːˢˎǡ ˚˕ˑ ˄˞ˎ ːˈ˒˓˃˅Ǥ
wrong.
get carried away
Tom got a bit carried away ʡˑˏ ːˈˏːˑˆˑ ˖˅ˎˈˍ˔ˢ ˋ ː˃-
and started to sing loudly. ˚˃ˎ ˆ˓ˑˏˍˑ ˒ˈ˕˟Ǥ
let sb down / let down sb
The worst feeling is having let ʢˉ˃˔ːˈˈ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˚˖˅˔˕˅˖ˈ˛˟
your friend down. ˔ˈ˄ˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˇˋ˛˟
ˇ˓˖ˆ˃Ǥ
pick on sb
My son says that his Math ʛˑˌ ˔˞ː ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˖˚ˋ-
teacher is always picking on ˕ˈˎ˟ ˏ˃˕ˈˏ˃˕ˋˍˋ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ
him. ˍ ːˈˏ˖ ˒˓ˋˇˋ˓˃ˈ˕˔ˢ.
With an effort Betty pulled ʐˈ˕˕ˋ ˔ ˕˓˖ˇˑˏ ˅ˊˢˎ˃ ˔ˈ˄ˢ
herself together. ˅ ˓˖ˍˋ.
63
PHRASAL VERBS
put sb down
I hate my boss putting me ʛːˈ ːˈ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˏˑˌ
down all the time. ˄ˑ˔˔ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˏˈːˢ ˍ˓ˋ-
˕ˋˍ˖ˈ˕.
take to sth
Sarah took to diving straight ʠ˃˓˃ ˔˓˃ˊ˖ ˉˈ ˖˅ˎˈˍˎ˃˔˟
away. ˇ˃ˌ˅ˋːˆˑˏǤ
warm to sb / sth
I was just warming to the ʛːˈ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑǦ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ː˃˚˃-
game when the rain made us ˎ˃ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˋˆ˓˃ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃
leave the court. ˇˑˉˇ˟ ˒˓ˑˆː˃ˎ ː˃˔ ˔ ˍˑ˓˕˃Ǥ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖

ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏǤ
1. Dan took to parkour straight away.
a. started to like b. made use of c. was afraid of
2. I didn’t want him to see me crying like that so I pulled
myself together.
a. refreshed myself
b. recovered control of my emotions
c. changed my behaviour
3. I’m always taken aback by her directness.
a. amused b. worried c. surprised
4. Jane had been let down badly several times in the past.
a. cheated b. disappointed c. lowered in rank
5. Marsha just got carried away because the book was such
fun.
a. lost self-control
64
7. FEELINGS
b. got absent-minded
c. forgot everything else
6. Pat’s ex-boyfriend was always putting her down in front of
his friends.
a. criticizing her b. abusing her c. humiliating her
7. Tara brightened up at the thought of visiting her home
town.
a. became hopeful
b. got inspired
c. became happier
8. The more she spoke, the more we warmed to the idea.
a. appreciated b. disapproved of c. liked
9. When I had cooled down, I was able to look at the situation
more objectively.
a. become slightly colder
b. become less angry
c. become less strong
10. Why are you always picking on me?
a. insulting me
b. finding falt with me
c. abusing me
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕˃˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ

˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ː˖ˉːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǤ
Text 1
brighten up pull oneself together
cool down put sb down
pick on sb
Mr Longh, our ex-boss, was very strict. He didn’t forgive us even
a single mistake and (1) _______ ȋalways / us) no matter how
hard we worked. Of all my colleagues, Jane suffered most. She is
a quiet, shy girl and (2) _______ȋalways) by Mr Longh. She used
to tell me that sometimes it took her hours (3) _______ after
65
PHRASAL VERBS
talking to him. And he was short-tempered too. Mr Longh was
quick to fly into a rage and insult us, but even (4) _______ he
would never apologize. So it stands to reason that everyone (5)
_______ when he resigned.
Text 2
be taken aback take to sth
let sb down warm to sth
When John offered me a job in his travel agency I (6) _______
ȋreally). To begin with, it meant a change in my career and a kind
of downshifting. Besides, I didn’t have the right qualifications and
was merely afraid (7) _______ ȋhim). He didn’t rush me and the
more I thought about his offer, the more I (8) _______ the idea.
Finally I decided to give it a try. I (9) _______ the new job at once
and haven’t regretted my decision ever since.

1. Abby brightened up a bit when she saw us/turned on the
light.
2. Bob was nervous about meeting Ann’s kids, but he warmed
to them after all/immediately.
3. Chris knew he would regret it, when he had cooled down
to room temperature/a little.
4. His classmates picked on him because he was the
fattest/the strongest boy in their class.
5. Holly took to her new group mates immediately – they
were stupid and mean/helpful and friendly.
6. It’s all arranged. I can’t let her down completely/౮now.
7. Jenny put Matt down by reminding him of losing/౮winning
the divorce case.
8. Now, Sarah, pull yourself together. Things may be even
worse than that/not be as bad as all that.
9. Roger was taken aback by the girl’s shyness౮/directness.
10. When we listen to good music it’s easy to get carried away
into the musical paradise/onto the dance-floor.
66
7. FEELINGS
h౮IVǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ
ͳǤ ʣˋˑː˃ ˅ˊˢˎ˃ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˓˖ˍˋ ˋ ˖ˎ˞˄ː˖ˎ˃˔˟Ǥ
ʹǤ ʞˈ˓˅˞ˈ ˔ˈ˓ˋˋ ˏːˈ ːˈ ˒ˑː˓˃˅ˋˎˋ˔˟ǡ ːˑ ˒ˑ˕ˑˏ ˔ˈ˓ˋ˃ˎ
˖˅ˎˈˍ ˏˈːˢǤ
͵Ǥ ʠː˃˚˃ˎ˃ˢˑ˚ˈː˟ːˈ˓˅ːˋ˚˃ˎ˃ˋˊǦˊ˃˅˔˕˓ˈ˚ˋ˔ˈˆˑ˓ˑˇˋ-
˕ˈˎˢˏˋǡ ːˑ ˑːˋ ˏːˈ ˔˓˃ˊ˖ ˉˈ ˒ˑː˓˃˅ˋˎˋ˔˟.
ͶǤ ʓˉˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˇˑ˅˃ˎ˔ˢǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ː˃˔ ˖˅ˋˇˈˎǤ
ͷǤ ʟˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˋ ːˈ ˇˑˎˉː˞ ˍ˓ˋ˕ˋˍˑ˅˃˕˟ ˔˅ˑˈˆˑ ˓ˈ˄ˈːˍ˃ ˅
˒˓ˋ˔˖˕˔˕˅ˋˋ ˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘ ˇˈ˕ˈˌǤ
͸Ǥ ʑˑˊˏˑˉːˑǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˑː ːˈˏːˑˆˑ ˑ˔˕˞ːˈ˕ǡ ˑː ˋˊ˅ˋːˋ˕˔ˢǤ
͹Ǥ ʠˎ˃˄˞ˈ ˔˕˖ˇˈː˕˞ ˚˃˔˕ˑ ˉ˃ˎ˖ˡ˕˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒˓ˈ˒ˑˇ˃˅˃˕ˈˎˋ
ˍ ːˋˏ ˒˓ˋˇˋ˓˃ˡ˕˔ˢ.
ͺǤ ʡˋː˃ ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˖ˇˋ˅ˎˈːːˑˌ ˈˆˑ ˊ˃ˏˈ˚˃ːˋˈˏǤ
ͻǤ ʛ˞˅˔ˈːˈˏːˑˆˑ˖˅ˎˈˍˎˋ˔˟ˋː˃˚˃ˎˋ˒ˑˇ˒ˈ˅˃˕˟˒ˈ˅˙˖Ǥ
ͳͲǤ ʛ˞ ˔ˋˎ˟ːˑ ˒ˑˇ˅ˈˎˋ ː˃˛ˋ˘ ˄ˑˎˈˎ˟˜ˋˍˑ˅ǡ ˒˓ˑˋˆ˓˃˅
˒ˑˇ˓ˢˇ ˕˓ˋ ˏ˃˕˚˃Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
ͳ Ȅ a ͷ Ȅ ˔ ͻ Ȅ b
ʹ Ȅ b ͸ Ȅ a ͳͲ Ȅ b
͵ Ȅ c ͹ Ȅ c
Ͷ Ȅ b ͺ Ȅ c
h II.
1. was always putting us down
2. was always being picked on
3. to pull herself together
4. having cooled down
5. brightened up
6. was really taken aback
67
PHRASAL VERBS
7. to let him down
8. warmed to
9. took to
h III.
1. saw us
2. immediately
3. a little
4. the fattest
5. helpful and friendly
6. now
7. losing
8. not be as bad as all that
9. directness
10. into the musical paradise
h IV.
1. Fiona pulled herself together and smiled.
2. I didn’t like first series but then I took to this soap opera.
3. I was nervous about meeting his parents at first, but I
warmed to them immediately.
4. Jim brightened up as soon as he saw us.
5. Parents shouldn’t put down their kid in front of other
children.
6. Perhaps, when he has cooled down a little he will apologize.
7. Poor students often complain of being picked on by their
teachers.
8. Tina seemed taken aback by his remark.
9. We all got a bit carried away and started singing along
with the singer.
10. We have let down our fans badly by losing three matches
in a row.
68
8. RELATIONSHIPS
Dear Pat, Dear P.T.,

My parents don’t get along1 When people split up4 it’s al-
well. In fact, they’ve been ways bad, but there isn’t much
falling out2 a lot and I think you can do to persuade them
they are going to break up3 to make up5. Your parents
soon. It doesn’t look the least are adults and they’ve already
bit of fun. Is there anything made their choice. Just be
I can do? brave and talk to your best
Parent Trouble friend about it.
Pat
Dear Pat, Dear P.,

My best friend broke off6 with You don’t have to go out
her boyfriend. He used to ask with10 a guy just because he
out7 two of my other bes- says he likes you. Forget all
ties and now he seems to be about him, and go for11 some-
hitting on8 me! I’m not into9 one decent. And don’t forget
him, but what should I do? about your bestie, she needs
Puzzled your support.
Pat
1
get along
ˎ˃ˇˋ˕˟ǡ ˖ˉˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
2
fall out
˔˔ˑ˓ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
3
break up
˓˃ˊ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ
4
split up
˓˃˔˘ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ
5
make up
ˏˋ˓ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
6
break off
˓˅˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ)
69
PHRASAL VERBS
7
ask out
ː˃ˊː˃˚˃˕˟ ˔˅ˋˇ˃ːˋˈǡ ˒˓ˋˆˎ˃˛˃˕˟ ȋˍ˖ˇ˃Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ)
8
hit on
ː˃ˊˑˌˎˋ˅ˑ ˖˘˃ˉˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˋ˔˕˃˅˃˕˟
9
be into
ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
10
go out with
˅˔˕˓ˈ˚˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
11
go for
ˎˡ˄ˋ˕˟ǡ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
ask sb out
Tony is too shy to ask her out. ʡˑːˋ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˊ˃˔˕ˈː˚ˋ˅ǡ
˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒˓ˋˆˎ˃˔ˋ˕˟ ˈˈ ː˃
˔˅ˋˇ˃ːˋˈ.
be into sb
My sister is really into Carl. ʛˑˈˌ ˔ˈ˔˕˓ˈ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ
ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢ ʙ˃˓ˎǤ
break off
Has Patsy really broken off her ʞˠ˕˔ˋ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˓˃ˊˑ-
engagement with Oliver? ˓˅˃ˎ˃ ˒ˑˏˑˎ˅ˍ˖ ˔ ʝˎˋ˅ˈ-
˓ˑˏǫ
break up
Tim and I broke up last month. ʮ˓˃ˊˑ˛ˎ˃˔˟˔ʡˋˏˑˏ˅˒˓ˑ-
˛ˎˑˏ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈǤ
fall out
Patty is always falling out with ʞ˃˕˕ˋ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˔˔ˑ˓ˋ˕˔ˢ
classmates. ˔ ˑˇːˑˍˎ˃˔˔ːˋˍ˃ˏˋǤ
get along
My dad and I never really got ʮ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ ˎ˃ˇˋˎ˃ ˔ ˑ˕-
along. ˙ˑˏǤ
70
8. RELATIONSHIPS
go for sb
She doesn’t go for tall men. ʔˌ ːˈ ː˓˃˅ˢ˕˔ˢ ˅˞˔ˑˍˋˈ
ˏ˖ˉ˚ˋː˞Ǥ
go out with sb
Dan used to go out with my ʓˠː ˍˑˆˇ˃Ǧ˕ˑ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚˃ˎ˔ˢ
sister. ˔ ˏˑˈˌ ˔ˈ˔˕˓ˑˌǤ
hit on sb
Mike has hit on most of the ʛ˃ˌˍ˖ˉˈ˒˓ˋ˔˕˃˅˃ˎ ˍ˄ˑˎ˟-
women in the office. ˛ˈː˔˕˅˖ ˉˈː˜ˋː ˅ ˑ˗ˋ˔ˈǤ
make up
Have you made up with your ʡ˞ ˖ˉˈ ˒ˑˏˋ˓ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˔ ˔ˈ-
sister yet? ˔˕˓ˑˌǫ
split up
I think Rita will split up with ʮ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ʟˋ˕˃ ˓˃˔˔˕˃ːˈ˕˔ˢ
her boyfriend. ˔ˑ ˔˅ˑˋˏ ˒˃˓ːˈˏǤ
PRACTICE

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌ along, for, into, off,
on, out ˋˎˋ up.
1. Dave and Max have fallen _______ over some stupid
misunderstanding.
2. Do you know how long Nikki and Oliver have been going
_______?
3. Even their parents didn’t know that they had broken
_______ their engagement.
4. Grace gets _______ well with most of my friends.
5. He’s not the type I usually go _______; I prefer dark-haired
men.
6. I was _______ him just by talking to him on the phone for
10 minutes.
71
PHRASAL VERBS
7. I was too young and broke _______ with Ken just after
a few months of marriage.
8. Mel’s parents split _______ when he was 6.
9. Michael is too shy and scared to ask her _______.
10. Steve was drunk and hitting _______ me, making such an
idiot of himself.
11. Why don’t you forget your differences and make _______
with Martin?
h౮IIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˊ˃ˏˈːˋ˅ ˔ˎˑ˅˃

ˋ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ
˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǤ
1. After I ended the relationship with Sophie there was
a long cooling-off period to sort out my feelings.
2. I wish someone could persuade Sue and Ruth to become
friends again.
3. I’ve been dating with Brad for three years already so
now it’s time to decide whether I should put an end to
the relationship and remain friends with him or keep the
relationship going.
4. If a couple keeps quarrelling frequently they can ruin the
relationship and finally become separated.
5. If there were a man who caught my eye I think I would
invite him to go with me to a café or a restaurant.
6. Many rich and famous men prefer model type looking
women.
7. The ability to be friendly with other people is very
important for a healthy life.
8. When a girl is making sexual advances to your husband
or boyfriend, you have a moral right to get annoyed.
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ

˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ˅ː˖ˉːˑˌ˗ˑ˓ˏˈˋˊ
˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
Hi, Kate!
I have most wonderful news to tell you! Gary (1) ______ (me)!
He’s just the kind I (2) ______, all tall and blond and handsome!
You know I (3) ______ him since my first day in the office, but
72
8. RELATIONSHIPS
he (4) ______ with Nicole Moore from the sales department
and they seemed to (5) ______ pretty well. Moreover, they were
engaged and I didn’t want to interfere. But six months ago
Gary (6) ______ with Nicole after that Easter party when she got
tipsy and (7) ______ Joel Tucker, our sales rep. Everyone thought
that Gary would (8) ______ their engagement, but Nicole some-
how managed to (9) ______ with him. Everything seemed fine
again until two months ago when Gary caught Nicole making
eyes at Joel again and finally (10) ______ with her.
So wish me luck, sis!
Kisses,
Pat
h౮IVǤ ʠˑˈˇˋːˋ˕ˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˑ ˋ ˍˑːˈ˙ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˌǡ ˊ˃˒ˑˎ-
ːˋ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋǤ
1. Brad has hit … a. __________ when Jim
2. Ella is proud of her started a relationship
ability to get … with Roger’s ex-girl-
3. Every time I try to ask friend.
Mandy … b. _________ because of
4. Jim and Roger fell … personality clashes.
5. Many showbusiness c. _________ most of the
marriages break … women in our depart-
6. Patsy has just told ment.
me that she wants to d. _______ older men.
break … e. _______ with the partner.
7. Some young girls tend f. _______ with people of
to go … all religious convictions.
8. When the family g. _________ our engage-
argument goes too far ment.
the most difficult thing h. ________ my legs get
is to make … weak and start to shake.

ͳǤ ʓˉˈːːˋ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː˃ ˖˅ˈ˓ˈː˃ ˅ ˕ˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ
˒ˑˎ˃ˉ˖ ˔ ˈˈ ˔˞ːˑˏǤ
ʹǤ ʙˈː˃ˑ˚ˈː˟ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔˖ˈ˕ʡ˃˓˃Ǣˈˏ˖ː˓˃˅ˢ˕˔ˢˍ˃ˍ˓˃ˊ˕˃-
ˍˋˈ «ˇˈ˅˖˛ˍˋ ˔ ˑ˄ˎˑˉˍˋ».
73
PHRASAL VERBS
͵Ǥ ʛˑˋ ˔ˑ˔ˈˇˋ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˓˖ˆ˃ˎˋ˔˟ǡ ˋǡ ː˃ˍˑːˈ˙ǡ ˓˃ˊˑ-
˛ˎˋ˔˟.
ͶǤ ʝːˋ ˒ˑ˔˔ˑ˓ˋˎˋ˔˟ ː˃ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˈ ʟˑˉˇˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˋ ˔ ˕ˈ˘ ˒ˑ˓
˅˔ˈ ˈ˜ˈ ːˈ ˒ˑˏˋ˓ˋˎˋ˔˟Ǥ
ͷǤ ʠˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːː˞ˏ ˏ˖ˉ˚ˋː˃ˏ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˉˈː˜ˋː˞
˒˓ˋˆˎ˃˛˃ˡ˕ ˋ˘ ː˃ ˔˅ˋˇ˃ːˋˈ?
͸Ǥ ʮ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˖ˇˋ˅ˎˈː˃ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ʓˠː ˋ ʛˠːˇˋ ˓˃ˊˑ˓˅˃ˎˋ ˒ˑ-
ˏˑˎ˅ˍ˖.
͹Ǥ ʮ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚˃ˡ˔˟˔ʓˑːˑˏ˖ˉˈ˒ˢ˕˟ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈ˅ǡ˃ˑː˅˔ˈˈ˜ˈ
ːˈ ˔ˇˈˎ˃ˎ ˏːˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˈǤ
ͺǤ ʮ ˓˃˔˔˕˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˔ ʐˋˎˑˏ ˋˊǦˊ˃ ʡˑˏ˃Ǥ
ͻǤ ʮ ˔ˎˑˏ˃ˎ ˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˒˃˓ːˡ ːˑ˔ǡ ˒ˑ˕ˑˏ˖ ˚˕ˑ ˑː ˒˞˕˃ˎ˔ˢ
˒˓ˋ˔˕˃˕˟ ˍ ˏˑˈˌ ˇˈ˅˖˛ˍˈǤ
KEYS
h I.
1. out 5. for 9. out
2. out 6. into 10. on
3. off 7. up 11. up
4. along 8. up
h II.
1. After I broke up with Sophie there was a long cooling-off
period to sort out my feelings.
2. I wish someone could persuade Sue and Ruth to make up.
3. I’ve been going out with Brad for three years already
so now it’s time to decide whether I should break off
the relationship and remain friends with him or keep the
relationship going.
4. If a couple keeps falling out frequently they can ruin the
relationship and finally split up.
5. If there were a man who caught my eye I think I would ask
him out.
74
8. RELATIONSHIPS
6. Many rich and famous men go for model type looking
women.
7. The ability to get alongwith other people is very important
for a healthy life.
8. When a girl is hitting on your husband or boyfriend, you
have a moral right to get annoyed.
h III.
1. has asked me out 6. fell out
2. go for 7. was hitting on
3. have been into 8. break off
4. was going out 9. make up
5. be getting along 10. split up
h IV.
ͳ Ȅ on Ȅ c ͷ Ȅ up Ȅ b
ʹ Ȅ along Ȅ f ͸ Ȅ off Ȅ g
͵ Ȅ out Ȅ h ͹ Ȅ for Ȅ d
Ͷ Ȅ out Ȅ a ͺ Ȅ up Ȅ e
h V.
1. Jenny says she is sure I’m going to get along with her son
very well.
2. Ken is really into Tara; he just goes for cover girls.
3. My neighbours argued constantly, and finally broke up.
4. They fell out last Christmas and haven’t made up yet.
5. Do modern men like it when women ask them out?
6. I was taken aback when Dan and Mandy broke off their
engagement.
7. I’ve been going out with Don for five months already and
he hasn’t proposed yet.
8. Tom was the reason I split up with Bill.
9. I broke this guy’s nose because he tried to hit on my
girlfriend.
75
9. STAGES THROUGH
LIFE
Adelmo is 20 and he’s studying law at McGill University in Montre-

al. Adelmo was named after1 his grandfather, a successful lawyer,
and everybody says that he takes after2 him. Adelmo’s parents
died in a car accident when he was only 5 so he was brought
up3 by his grandparents. His grandma had to stand down4 as
headmistress to look after5 him. Adelmo grew up6 in Mexico
but when he was 15 his grandparents moved to Canada. Adelmo
was an obedient child and his grandparents never worried that
he might drop out7 of school or turn to8 drugs and wind up9 in
prison. Now Adelmo’s goal is to get his degree as he wants to live
up to10 all hopes and expectations of his grandparents.
1
name after
ː˃ˊ˞˅˃˕˟ ˅ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
2
take after
˒ˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ː˃ ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
3
bring up
˅ˑ˔˒ˋ˕˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃˔˕ˋ˕˟
4
stand down
˖˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅ ˑ˕˔˕˃˅ˍ˖ ˔ ˍ˃ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˒ˑ˔˕˃
5
look after
ˊ˃˄ˑ˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˑ ˍˑˏǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˒˓ˋ˔ˏ˃˕˓ˋ˅˃˕˟ ˊ˃ ˍˈˏǦ
ˎˋ˄ˑ
6
grow up
˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ˊ˓ˑ˔ˎ˞ˏǡ ˅ˊ˓ˑ˔ˎˈ˕˟
7
drop out
˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ȋ˖˚ˈ˄˖ǡ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖)
8
turn to
˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˒˓ˋˑ˄˜ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ
76
9. STAGES THROUGH LIFE
9
wind up
ˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˍ˃ˍˑˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˒ˑˎˑˉˈːˋˋ
10
live up to
ˑ˒˓˃˅ˇ˞˅˃˕˟ ȋː˃ˇˈˉˇ˞)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
bring up sb / bring sb up
He was brought up by his ʔˆˑ ˅˞˓˃˔˕ˋˎ˃ ˔˕˃˓˛˃ˢ ˔ˈ-
elder sister. ˔˕˓˃Ǥ
drop out
Max dropped out of college ʛ˃ˍ˔˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎˍˑˎˎˈˇˉ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ
after his first year. ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˆˑ ˍ˖˓˔˃Ǥ
grow up
I want to be an engineer when ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˅˞˓˃˔˕˖ǡ ˢ ˘ˑ˚˖
I grow up. ˔˕˃˕˟ ˋːˉˈːˈ˓ˑˏǤ
live up to sth
I have certainly lived up to my ʮ˅˒ˑˎːˑˌˏˈ˓ˈˑ˒˓˃˅ˇ˃ˎ˃
parents’ expectations. ː˃ˇˈˉˇ˞ ˏˑˋ˘ ˓ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˈˌǤ
look after sb
Don’t worry, I’ll look after the ʜˈ˒ˈ˓ˈˉˋ˅˃ˌǡˢ˒˓ˋ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˡ
kids on Sunday. ˊ˃ ˇˈ˕˟ˏˋ ˅ ˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˔ˈː˟ˈǤ
name sb after sb
Dave was named after his ʓˠˌ˅˃ ː˃ˊ˅˃ˎˋ ˅ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ ˈˆˑ
father. ˑ˕˙˃Ǥ
stand down
He stood down after only five ʝː ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋˎ ˒ˑ˔˕ ˒˓ˈˇ˔ˈˇ˃-
months as chairman. ˕ˈˎˢ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˎˋ˛˟ ˚ˈ˓ˈˊ ˒ˢ˕˟
ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈ˅Ǥ
take after sb
Your son doesn’t take after ʑ˃˛ ˔˞ː ː˃ ˅˃˔ ˔ˑ˅˔ˈˏ ːˈ
you at all! ˒ˑ˘ˑˉ!
77
PHRASAL VERBS
turn to sth
Many addicts turn to crime to ʛːˑˆˋˈ ː˃˓ˍˑˏ˃ː˞ ˋˇ˖˕ ː˃
finance their habit. ˒˓ˈ˔˕˖˒ˎˈːˋˢǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑ˒ˎ˃-
˕ˋ˕˟ ː˃˓ˍˑ˕ˋˍˋǤ
wind up
You’re going to wind up in ʗˊǦˊ˃ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˕˞ ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˛˟
prison over this. ˅ ˕ˡ˓˟ˏˈǤ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖

ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏǤ
1. But if Jim wants to go out, at least Grace can look after
him if she goes with him.
a. keep an eye on
b. take charge of
c. take care of
2. Guilty or not, he’s still going to wind up in jail.
a. arrive in b. end his days c. stay in
3. He stood down as the party’s leader in 2010.
a. was sacked b. was elected c. resigned
4. If children can’t live up to their parents’ expectations, it
only accentuates their feelings of failure.
a. fulfill b. justify c. undertake
5. Joshua’s parents brought him up to be polite and respect
his elders.
a. bred b. raised c. cultivated
6. Many young people turn to routine drugs as a way to pass
the time.
a. start selling b. start producing c. start using
78
7. The project is aimed at helping children who have dropped
out of school due to social or economic reasons.
a. abandoned b. ceased c. rejected
8. Tony takes after his father Ȅ they both have an aptitude
for science.
a. follows b. inherits c. resembles
9. When my parents were growing up most of people didn’t
have a TV because it was a luxury.
a. developing b. maturing c. aging
h౮IIǤ ʝ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˌ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ ˔ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃-

bring up name after
live up to take after
look after turn to
an explorer new babies
drugs one’s mother
five children smb’s expectations
1. America __________ __________ called Amerigo Vespucci.
2. Betty has been married four times and ________ ________.
3. I think the play was quite good although it ___________
__________ not.
4. Lucy really ___________ ___________, because they both
have red hair and green eyes.
5. People may ___________ ___________ to escape stress or
loneliness.
6. The most difficult job in the world is _________ _________.
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ

˅ ː˖ˉːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǤ
1. An assortment of foods _______ after Alexandra of Denmark
when she was Princess of Wales and Queen.
2. Despite intense pressure to resign, he made it clear he had
no intention of _______ down.
79
PHRASAL VERBS
3. I want my daughter to _______ up in the atmosphere of
love.
4. If you hang out with this street gang, you could _______ up
in jail.
5. Nowadays fewer and fewer women choose to stay at home
to _______ after children.
6. Pat _______ up by her aunt and uncle because her parents
died in a plane crash.
7. Patsy looks like her mom, but in most ways she _______
after her dad, who is a teacher.
8. My sister _______ to religion when she had a difficult period
in her life.
9. The author was worried that his third book would not
_______ up to his reader’s high expectations.
10. The number of students who _______ out is reaching an
alarming rate.
h౮IVǤ ʟ˃˔˒ˑˎˑˉˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ ˅ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ːˑˏ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍˈ ˋ ˔ˑ-

˔˕˃˅˟˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǤ
1. dropped / At / of / of / the / florist / age / Patty / to / out /
become / 19 / a / college.
2. father / to / his / grew / told / up / wanted / a / when / be /
that / policeman / He / he / he.
3. expectations / hopes / up / Mike / father’s / to / can / he /
high / his / live.
4. afraid / people / prison / aren’t / Some / to / to / up / in /
young / wind / turn / crime / and.
5. The / the / political /was / leader / after / new / named /
famous / school.
6. are / up / opinions / bring / many / child / There / on / way /
the / to / proper / a.

ͳǤ ʔ˔ˎˋˑːːˈˑ˒˓˃˅ˇ˃ˈ˕ː˃˛ˋː˃ˇˈˉˇ˞ǡˏ˞˅˔ˈˆˇ˃˔ˏˑ-
ˉˈˏ ː˃ːˢ˕˟ ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˆˑǤ
80
ʹǤ ʛˑˌ ˄˓˃˕ ˒ˑ˛ˈˎ ˅ ˑ˕˙˃ǡ ˋ ˏ˃ˏ˃ ˄ˑˋ˕˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː ˕ˑˉˈ
ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕ ˕ˡ˓˟ˏˑˌǤ
͵Ǥ ʜˋ˜ˈ˕˃ˋ˒ˎˑ˘ˑˈˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ːˋˈ˕ˑˎˍ˃ˡ˕˒ˑˇ˓ˑ˔˕ˍˑ˅ː˃
˒˓ˈ˔˕˖˒ˎˈːˋˢǤ
ͶǤ ʝː ˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎ ˍˑˎˎˈˇˉǡ ˒ˑ˕ˑˏ˖ ˚˕ˑ ˈˏ˖ ˄˞ˎˑ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ
˕˓˖ˇːˑ ˖˚ˋ˕˟˔ˢǤ
ͷǤ ʝː ˅˞˓ˑ˔ ˅ ˏ˃ˎˈː˟ˍˑˌ ˇˈ˓ˈ˅˖˛ˍˈ ˅ ʐ˓˃ˊˋˎˋˋǤ
͸Ǥ ʝː˃ ː˃ˊ˅˃ˎ˃ ˇˑ˚˟ ˅ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ ˄˃˄˖˛ˍˋ ˔˅ˑˈˆˑ ˏ˖ˉ˃Ǥ
͹Ǥ ʝː˃˖ˇˋ˅ˋˎ˃ː˃˔ǡˊ˃ˢ˅ˋ˅ǡ˚˕ˑˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˒ˑ˔˕˅˔ˈˆˑˎˋ˛˟
˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˆˑˇ˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˞Ǥ
ͺǤ ʠˈˌ˚˃˔ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˕ˢˉˈˎˑ ˓˃˔˕ˋ˕˟ ˇˈ˕ˈˌǤ
ͻǤ ʮ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˄˞ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˒˓ˋˊː˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˃ǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ˕˞ ˒˓ˋ˔ˏˑ-
˕˓ˈˎ˃ ˊ˃ ˏ˃ˎ˞˛ˑˏ ʡˑˏˑˏǡ ˒ˑˍ˃ ˢ ˄˖ˇ˖ ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕ˈǤ
KEYS
h I.
ͳ Ȅ ˔ Ͷ Ȅ a ͹ Ȅ a
ʹ Ȅ b ͷ Ȅ b ͺ Ȅ c
͵ Ȅ ˔ ͸ Ȅ c ͻ Ȅ b
h II.
1. was named after an explorer
2. has brought up five children
3. didn’t live up to my expectations
4. takes after her mother
5. turn to drugs
6. looking after new babies
h III.
1. was named 4. wind
2. standing 5. look
3. grow 6. was brought
81
PHRASAL VERBS
7. takes 9. live
8. turned 10. drop
h IV.
1. At the age of 19 Patty dropped out of college to become
a florist.
2. He told his father that he wanted to be a policeman when
he grew up.
3. Mike hopes he can live up to his father’s high expectations.
4. Some young people aren’t afraid to turn to crime and wind
up in prison.
5. The new school was named after the famous political
leader.
6. There are many opinions on the proper way to bring up
a child.
h V.
1. If he does not live up to our expectations, we can always
hire someone else.
2. My brother took after my father and mom was afraid that
he would wind up in jail too.
3. Poverty and lack of education can make teenagers turn to
crime.
4. He dropped out of college because it was too difficult for
him.
5. He grew up in a small village in Brazil.
6. She named her daughter after her husband’s grandmother.
7. She surprised us by announcing that she would stand
down after only one year.
8. It’s difficult to bring up children nowadays.
9. I’d be grateful if you could look after little Tom while I’m
at work.
82
10. DAILY ROUTINES
Mary and I have always been good friends so when we both

got jobs in San Francisco, we decided to move in1 together.
I’m a receptionist at the Fairmont San Francisco Hotel and Mary
works there as a waitress. During the week I get up2 at 6 a.m.
I have to be very quiet as I don’t want to wake up3 Mary. She
doesn’t get up until 1 p.m. because she starts work at 6 p.m. On
weekday evenings I turn in4 quite early, about 9.30 p.m., but at
weekends I usually stay up5. On Saturday nights I wait up6 until
Mary arrives. I sometimes drop off7 but she wakes me up and
we have a nice chat before going to bed. Both Mary and I love
sleeping in8 so on Sundays we always lie in9 until 11 or 12 a.m.
We are in no hurry as we usually stay in10 on Sundays.
1
move in
˔ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
2
get up
˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˒ˑˇːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˔˕˃˅˃˕˟ ȋ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˔ː˃)
3
wake up
˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˄˖ˇˋ˕˟
4
turn in
ˎˈ˚˟ ˔˒˃˕˟
5
stay up
ːˈ ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˔˒˃˕˟
6
wait up
ːˈ ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˔˒˃˕˟ ȋˇˑ ˚˟ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇ˃)
7
drop off
ˊ˃ˇ˓ˈˏ˃˕˟Ǣ ˊ˃˔ː˖˕˟
8
sleep in
˔˒˃˕˟ ˇˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˑ˄˞˚ːˑˆˑ
9
lie in
˅˃ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˔˕ˈˎˋ ȋ˒ˑ ˖˕˓˃ˏ)
10
stay in
ˑ˔˕˃˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˇˑˏ˃ǡ ːˈ ˅˞˘ˑˇˋ˕˟
83
PHRASAL VERBS
EXTRA EXAMPLES
drop off
I was sitting in the armchair ʮ ˔ˋˇˈˎ˃ ˅ ˍ˓ˈ˔ˎˈ ˋ ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈ-
watching TV when I dropped ˎ˃˕ˈˎˈ˅ˋˊˑ˓ˋːˈˊ˃ˏˈ˕ˋˎ˃ǡ
off. ˍ˃ˍ ˊ˃ˇ˓ˈˏ˃ˎ˃.
get up
I hate getting up to the ʮ ːˈː˃˅ˋˉ˖ ˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃˕˟˔ˢ
sounds of the alarm clock. ˒ˑˇ ˊ˅ˑː ˄˖ˇˋˎ˟ːˋˍ˃Ǥ
lie in
It’s so nice to lie in at the ʞˑ ˅˞˘ˑˇː˞ˏ ˕˃ˍ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ
weekends. ˒ˑ˅˃ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˔˕ˈˎˋ.
move in
Accommodations are expen- ʠ˝˩ˏːˑˈ ˉˋˎ˟˩ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˇˑ-
sive so Vikki and I are going to ˓ˑˆˑˈǡ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˢ ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃ˡ˔˟
move in together. ˒ˑ˔ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ˏˈ˔˕ˈ ˔ ʑˋˍˋǤ
sleep in
Don’t wake me tomorrow, I’d ʜˈ ˄˖ˇˋ ˏˈːˢ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃ǣ ˢ ˘ˑ˚˖
like to sleep in. ˒ˑ˔˒˃˕˟ ˒ˑˇˑˎ˟˛ˈ.
stay in
Chris was tired, so he decided ʙ˓ˋ˔ ˖˔˕˃ˎ ˋ ˓ˈ˛ˋˎ ˑ˔˕˃˕˟-
to stay in. ˔ˢ ˇˑˏ˃.
stay up
My sister and I stayed up all ʛ˞ ˔ ˔ˈ˔˕˓ˑˌ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅˃˓ˋ˅˃-
night, talking. ˎˋ ˋ ːˈ ˎˑˉˋˎˋ˔˟ ˔˒˃˕˟
˅˔ˡ ːˑ˚˟Ǥ
turn in
I think I’ll turn in early tonight. ʓ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ ˢ ˎˢˆ˖
˔˒˃˕˟ ˓˃ː˟˛ˈǤ
84
10. DAILY ROUTINES
wait up
Please don’t wait up for me, ʞˑˉ˃ˎ˖ˌ˔˕˃ǡ ːˈ ˉˇˋ ˏˈːˢ
ˋ ˎˑˉˋ˔˟ ˔˒˃˕˟Ǥ ʮ ˏˑˆ˖
I may be in late. ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟˔ˢǤ
wake up
I like waking up to the sound ʮ ˎˡ˄ˎˡ ˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒ˑˇ
of birds outside my window. ˒ˈːˋˈ ˒˕ˋ˙ ˊ˃ ˑˍːˑˏǤ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞ǡ ˔ˑ-

ˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋˈ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˢˏǤ
1. to fall asleep
2. to go to bed for the night
3. not to go to bed at the time you would normally go to bed
4. not to go to sleep until someone comes home
5. to remain in bed late in the morning
6. to sleep longer than usual
7. to spend the evening at home rather than go out
8. to start living with someone in the same home
9. to stop sleeping
10. to wake and rise from one’s bed
h౮IIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˉˋ˓-

ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ ˕˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑːˋ ˔ˑˇˈ˓-
ˉ˃ˎˋ˔ˎˑ˅˃ǡː˃˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˈ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏˋ˄˖ˍ˅˃ˏˋǡˋ˔ˑ-
˘˓˃ːˢˎˋ ˒˓ˈˉːˋˈ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢǤ
1. Come on kids, it’s time to go to bed for the night. IN
2. I sometimes allow my little son not to go to
bed to watch a movie. UP
3. I think I can work a little longer tonight and
sleep longer than usual tomorrow. IN
85
PHRASAL VERBS
4. In our hotel you can remain in bed late in
the morning and take advantage of a room
service breakfast. IN
5. Jane says she stopped sleeping at six this
morning. UP
6. Now that I’m on vacation, I don’t have any of
that urgency about having to wake up and
rise from my bed in the morning. UP
7. Now that my daughter is sixteen, I understand
why my parents didn’tgo to bed and waited
for me to return when I had a date. UP
8. Patty had to spend the evening at home to
study for her Math exam. IN
9. There’s a rumour that Kane and Abby have
started living together, but I don’t think it’s true. IN
h౮IIIǤ ʗ˔˒˓˃˅˟˕ˈ ˑ˛ˋ˄ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘Ǥ

1. Fiona has to remain in and look after her brother on Friday
nights.
2. I should be going Ȅ mother will be waiting in for me.
3. I clocked in early, but Colin and Terry waited up talking and
playing cards.
4. If you lie in on the weekends, it’s harder to stand up on
Monday.
5. It is unusual for Jenny to get in before midday when she’s
on vacation.
6. Molly is moving out with a friend from college.
7. When Stella finally dropped down it was well after midnight.
8. With two kids in the house, I don’t think you can stay in
even on Sundays.
h౮IVǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋ-

ˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǤ
1. Carol always gets up as soon as she _______ up.
a. waits b. stays c. wakes
2. Dana had a terrible headache, so she decided to
stay _______.
a. in b. up c. out
86
10. DAILY ROUTINES
3. I usually _______ in on Sunday mornings.
a. stay b. turn c. lie
4. Rachel began staying nights and eventually _______ in
with him.
a. stayed b. moved c. slept
5. That night Rose _______ up, preparing work for the next
day.
a. waited b. got c. stayed
6. When I came home I was shocked to see everybody _______
up for me.
a. waiting b. staying c. waking
7. When I’m on holiday I usually _______ in at about midnight.
a. stay b. turn c. sleep
8. When Steve finally dropped _______, he had a nightmare.
a. off b. down c. in

ͳǤ ʑ ˇˈ˓ˈ˅ːˢ˘ ˎˡˇˋ ˑ˄˞˚ːˑ ˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃ˡ˕˔ˢ ˔ ˅ˑ˔˘ˑˇˑˏ
˔ˑˎː˙˃Ǥ
ʹǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ˢ˄˞ˎ˃ˏˑˎˑˉˈǡˢˏˑˆˎ˃ːˈˎˑˉˋˎˋ˔˟˔˒˃˕˟˅˔ˡ
ːˑ˚˟ ˋ ˒˓ˋ ˠ˕ˑˏ ːˈ ˖˔˕˃˅˃˕˟Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʚˋˊ ː˃˔˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˖˔˕˃ˎ˃ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˊ˃˔ː˖ˎ˃ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˇˑ˄˓˃-
ˎ˃˔˟ ˇˑ ˍ˓ˑ˅˃˕ˋǤ
ͶǤ ʛ˃ˎ˞˛ ˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃ˎ˔ˢ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˓˃ˊ ˊ˃ ːˑ˚˟Ǥ
ͷǤ ʛˑˌ˄˓˃˕ːˈˎˡ˄ˋ˕˒ˑ˔˒˃˕˟˒ˑˇˑˎ˟˛ˈˇ˃ˉˈ˅˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ-
˔ˈː˟ˈǤ
͸Ǥ ʞˑˉ˃ˎ˖ˌǡ ˢ ˒ˑˌˇ˖ ˔˒˃˕˟Ǣ ˢ ːˈ ˒˓ˋ˅˞ˍˎ˃ ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ
˔˒˃˕˟ ˒ˑˊˇːˑǤ
͹Ǥ ʞˑ˚ˈˏ˖˄˞ː˃ˏ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑːˈˑ˔˕˃˕˟˔ˢˇˑˏ˃ˋːˈ
˒ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈ˕˟ ˕ˈˎˈ˅ˋˊˑ˓ǫ
ͺǤ ʟˋ˕˃ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˄ˑˢˎ˃˔˟ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕˟ ˓ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˢˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒ˈ˓ˈˈˊ-
ˉ˃ˈ˕ ˍ ʓˉˈˌˍ˖Ǥ
ͻǤ ʢ ˏˈːˢ ˈ˔˕˟ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ˔˕˟ ˒ˑ˅˃ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˔˕ˈˎˋ ˒ˑ-
ˇˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˅ ˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˔ˈː˟ˈǤ
87
PHRASAL VERBS
ͳͲǤ ʮ ːˈː˃˅ˋˉ˖ ːˈ ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˔˒˃˕˟ ˋ ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˇˑ ͵ ːˑ˚ˋǡ
˒ˑˍ˃ ˏˑˋ ˇˈ˕ˋ ːˈ ˒˓ˋˇ˖˕ ˇˑˏˑˌ ˔ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓ˋːˑˍǤ
KEYS
h I.
1. to drop off 6. to sleep in
2. to turn in 7. to stay in
3. to stay up 8. to move inȋwith somebody)
4. to wait up 9. to wake up
5. to lie in 10. to get up
h II.
1. Come on kids, it’s time to turn in.
2. I sometimes allow my little son to stay up to watch
a movie.
3. I think I can work a little longer tonight and sleep in
tomorrow.
4. In our hotel you can lie in and take advantage of a room
service breakfast.
5. Jane says she woke up at six this morning.
6. Now that I’m on vacation, I don’t have any of that urgency
about having to get up in the morning.
7. Now that my daughter is sixteen, I understand why my
parents waited up for me when I had a date.
8. Patty had to stay in to study for her Math exam.
9. There’s a rumour that Kane and Abby have moved in
together, but I don’t think it’s true.
h III.
1. Fiona has to stay in and look after her brother on Friday
nights.
2. I should be going Ȅ mother will be waiting up for me.
88
10. DAILY ROUTINES
3. I turned in early, but Colin and Terry stayed up talking and
playing cards.
4. If you sleep in on the weekends, it’s harder to wake up on
Monday.
5. It is unusual for Jenny to get up before midday when she’s
on vacation.
6. Molly is moving in with a friend from college.
7. When Stella finally dropped off it was well after midnight.
8. With two kids in the house, I don’t think you can lie in even
on Sundays.
h IV.
ͳ Ȅ ˔ Ͷ Ȅ b ͹ Ȅ b
ʹ Ȅ a ͷ Ȅ c ͺ Ȅ a
͵ Ȅ c ͸ Ȅ a
h V.
1. In villages people usually get up when the sun rises.
2. When I was younger, I could stay up all night without
getting tired.
3. Liz was so tired that she dropped off as soon as she got to
bed.
4. The baby woke up several times during the night.
5. My brother doesn’t like sleeping in, even on Sundays.
6. I guess I’ll turn in now; I’m not used to late nights.
7. Why don’t we just stay in tonight and watch TV?
8. Rita was dreading telling her parents she was moving in
with Jake.
9. Only on Sundays I have a chance to lie in.
10. I hate having to wait up till 3am for my kids to come home
from parties.
89
REVISION 6—10
h౮IǤ ʖ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˋ˕˖˃˙ˋˋǡ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˈ ˒ˑ

˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊ˞Ǥ
1. Betty brightened up when she received an invitation to …
a. a religious ceremony
b. funeral ceremony
c. a wedding ceremony
2. Carly is going to move in with her boyfriend. They’re
going to …
a. live together
b. to work together
c. to travel together
3. Everyone says that Terry takes after his father because he …
a. drives his car
b. resembles him
c. wears his clothes
4. If you have fallen out with your friend over something,
you …
a. are very clumsy
b. got hurt
c. are not on speaking terms any more
5. If you stayed up all night, you’d probably be …
a. very cheerfull
b. very tired
c. fully rested
6. Louis felt that he’d let his parents down when he …
a. failed his university entrance exams
90
REVISION 6—10
b. won a scholarship
c. found a good job
7. People don’t usually dress up for …
a. a wedding
b. a stroll in the park
c. a party
8. Rachel always stands out in a crowd because she is …
a. very bright
b. very tall
c. very shy
9. Splitting up with your partner is always …
a. a useful experience
b. an exciting experience
c. a painful experience
10. The aouthor has a lot to live up to because his very first
book was …
a. a flop
b. a bestseller
c. average
1. Chris left college after one semester to sing in
nightclubs. OUT
2. He rang me up that same evening and asked
me to have a drink with him at the local pub. OUT
3. Her experience makes Sarah much better
than other candidates. OUT
4. I can’t believe she’s having a romantic
relationship with that guy who works at the
pharmacy. OUT
91
PHRASAL VERBS
5. I hate the way my boss criticizes me the
whole time. DOWN
6. I usually wear informal clothes at work,
unless I’m going to a client meeting. DOWN
7. It was the first time Tim and I had had a quarrel. OUT
8. Mike promised that he’d help me today, but
he has disappointed me by not doing it again. DOWN
9. She agreed to leave her position on the
committee for personal reasons. DOWN
10. When Mary’s emotion had become less
strong, she apologized. DOWN
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌǤ ʝ˕˅ˈ˕˟˕ˈ ː˃ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ-
˔˞ ˕ˈ˔˕˃ ˋ ˖ˊː˃ˌ˕ˈ ˔˅ˑˌ ˓ˈˊ˖ˎ˟˕˃˕Ǥ
HOW FRIENDLY ARE YOU?

1. Which of the following do you get (1) _____ _____ best
of all?
a. Other people b. Animals c. Children
2. After a disagreement, how do you and your best friend
make (2) _____?
a. You go (3) _____ for shopping.
b. The two of you go for a ride Ȅ you’ll decide the
destination once you’re on the road.
c. You have a super-size gossip session.
3. Do you compliment people?
a. Sometimes.
b. No. I pick (4) _____ them and put them (5) _____.
c. Yes!
4. What do you do at a huge party?
a. I try to blend (6) _____ _____ other people
b. I meet new people and have a great time.
c. I shy (7) _____ _____ parties.
92
REVISION 6—10
5. What do you usually do in the evenings?
a. Stay (8) _____ and watch TV.
b. Go (9) _____ with a friend.
c. Ask a friend (10) _____.
6. What do you do on weekends and holidays?
a. I sleep (11) _____ until after midday and then go
clubbing with all my friends.
b. I stay (12) _____ as long as I can.
c. I spend my time with my group, or at home.
7. Do you prefer to go (13) _____
a. with only one close friend?
b. with a lot of friends?
c. by yourself?
8. What do your friends say about you?
a. Don’t know.
b. Shows (14) _____ quite often.
c. Always stands (15) _____ in a crowd.
Results
Count the number of your points.
1. a Ȅ ͵ b Ȅ ͳ c Ȅ ʹ
2. a Ȅ ͳ b Ȅ ʹ c Ȅ ͵
3. a Ȅ ʹ b Ȅ ͳ c Ȅ ͵
4. a Ȅ ʹ b Ȅ ͵ c Ȅ ͳ
6. a Ȅ ͵ b Ȅ ͳ c Ȅ ʹ
7. a Ȅ ʹ b Ȅ ͵ c Ȅ ͳ
18–24 points
You are most sociable and friendly. You enjoy doing things with
other people.
93
PHRASAL VERBS
12–17 points
You are quite friendly but you also like being on your own.
Below 12 points
Are you really unfriendly? Or perhaps you should try to be less
unsociable.
h౮IVǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕

˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːː˞ˏˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋ ˋ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕-
˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˒˓ˋ˅ˈˇˈːː˞ˏ ˅ ˔ˍˑ˄ˍ˃˘ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˢˏǤ
a. _______ȋto wear c. _______ȋto become

clothes that are less calm after being
smart than usual) angry)
1. down
d. _______ȋto agree to
b. _______ȋto criticize
leave your position, so
someone and make
that someone else can
them feel stupid)
have a chance)
a. _______ȋto place c. _______ȋto put

clothing on your body clothes or shoes on
in order to wear it) quickly and easily)
2. on
d. _______ȋto treat
b. _______ȋto talk to
someone badly or
someone in a way that
unfairly, especially by
shows you are sexually
blaming or criticizing
attracted to them)
them)
94
REVISION 6—10
c. _______ȋto leave
a. _______ȋto be
a school or university
much better than
before your course has
other people)
finished)
3. out
b. _______ȋto have a
d. _______ȋto have a
romantic relationship
quarrel)
with someone)
a. _______ȋto c. _______ȋto wait

end a marriage or for someone to return
relationship) before you go to bed)
4. up
b. _______ȋto
d. _______ȋto make
become friendly with
yourself look neat and
someone again after
tidy after a journey or
you have had an
before a meeting)
argument)

1. Toˏ˃ ː˃ˊ˅˃ˎˋ ˅ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ ˇˈˇ˖˛ˍˋǡ ˋ ˑː ˄˞ˎ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˒ˑ-
˘ˑˉ ː˃ ːˈˆˑǤ ʑ˔ˈ ː˃ˇˈˢˎˋ˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː ˅ˑˊˆˎ˃˅ˋ˕ ˍˑˏ˒˃-
ːˋˡǡ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˈˆˑ ˇˈˇ˖˛ˍ˃ ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ ˔˅ˑˌ ˒ˑ˔˕.
ʜˑʡˑˏːˈˑ˒˓˃˅ˇ˃ˎː˃ˇˈˉˇ˔˅ˑˈˌ˔ˈˏ˟ˋǡ˒ˑ˕ˑˏ˖˚˕ˑ
˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕Ǥ
ʹǤ ʛ˞ ˋˇˈˏ ˅ ˏˈ˔˕ː˞ˌ ˒˃˄ ˅˞˒ˋ˕˟ ˒ˑ ˍ˓˖ˉˍˈ ˒ˋ˅˃ǡ ˒ˑ-
ˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ːˈ ː˖ˉːˑ ː˃˓ˢˉ˃˕˟˔ˢǤ ʞ˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ː˃ˇˈː˟ ˇˉˋː˔˞
ˋ ˗˖˕˄ˑˎˍ˖Ǥ
95
PHRASAL VERBS
͵Ǥ ʟ˖˕ ˖ˉˈ ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈˈ˘˃˕˟ ˍ ʡˈˇ˖ǡ ːˑ ːˈˑˉˋˇ˃ː-
ːˑ ˑːˋ ˒ˑ˔˔ˑ˓ˋˎˋ˔˟ ˋˊǦˊ˃ ˍ˃ˍˑˆˑǦ˕ˑ ˒˖˔˕ˢˍ˃Ǥ ʠˈˌ˚˃˔
ʟ˖˕˒ˑˆˑ˅˃˓ˋ˅˃ˈ˕ˑ˕ˑˏǡ˚˕ˑ˄˞˓˃ˊˑ˓˅˃˕˟ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ
˔ ʡˈˇˑˏǡ ːˑ ˢ ː˃ˇˈˡ˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː˃ ˔ ːˋˏ ˒ˑˏˋ˓ˋ˕˔ˢ.
ͶǤ ʮ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˑ˄˓˃ˇˑ˅˃ˎ˃˔˟ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˏˑˌ ˛ˈ˗ ˇ˃ˎ
ˏːˈ ː˃ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃ ˑ˕ˆ˖ˎǤ ʞˑ˚˕ˋ ˅˔ˡ ːˈˇˈˎˡ ˢ ˍ˃ˉˇ˞ˌ ˅ˈ-
˚ˈ˓˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ˎ˃ˇˑ˒ˑˊˇː˃ː˃ˇ˅˃ˉː˞ˏ˒˓ˑˈˍ˕ˑˏǡ˒ˑˠ˕ˑ-
ˏ˖ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃ ˏːˈ ˘ˑ˚ˈ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑ˔˒˃˕˟ ˒ˑˇˑˎ˟˛ˈ.
ͷǤ ʮːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ːˈˎ˃ˇˋˎ˃˔ʬ˄˄ˋǤʝː˃˅˔ˈˆˇ˃˒˓ˋˇˋ˓˃ˈ˕˔ˢ
ˍˎˡˇˢˏˋˍ˓ˋ˕ˋˍ˖ˈ˕ˋ˘Ǥʗːˑˆˇ˃ˈˈˆ˓˖˄˞ˈˍˑˏˏˈː˕˃-
˓ˋˋ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˔˕˃˅ˢ˕ ˏˈːˢ ˅ ˕˖˒ˋˍ.
KEYS
h I.
ͳ Ȅ ˔ ͷ Ȅ b ͻ Ȅ ˔
ʹ Ȅ a ͸ Ȅ a ͳͲ Ȅ b
͵ Ȅ b ͹ Ȅ b
Ͷ Ȅ c ͺ Ȅ a
h II.
1. Chris dropped out of college after one semester to sing in
nightclubs.
2. He rang me up that same evening and asked me out for
a drink at the local pub.
3. Her experience makes Sarah stand out from other
candidates.
4. I can’t believe she’s going out with that guy who works
at the pharmacy.
5. I hate the way my boss puts me down the whole time.
6. I usually dress down at work, unless I’m going to a client
meeting.
7. It was the first time Tim and I had fallen out.
8. Mike promised that he’d help me today, but he has let me
down again.
96
REVISION 6—10
9. She stood down from the committee for personal reasons.
10. When Mary had cooled down, she apologized.
h III.
1. along with 6. in with 11. in
2. up 7. away from 12. in
3. out 8. in 13. out
4. on 9. out 14. off
5. down 10. out 15. out
h IV.
1. down a. dress b. put c. cool d. stand
2. on a. put b. hit c. slip d. pick
3. out a. stand b. go c. drop d. fall
4. up a. split b. make c. wait d. freshen
h V.
1. Tom was named after his grandmother and took after him
as well. Everyone hoped that he would head the company
after his grandpa had stood down. But Tom didn’t live
up to his family’s expectations as he had dropped out
of university.
2. We are going to the local pub for a round of beer so
there’s no need to dress up. Just slip on a pair of jeans
and a T-shirt.
3. Ruth was going to move in with Ted when they suddenly
fell out over some trifle. Now Ruth is talking about breaking
up with Ted, but I hope she’ll make up with him.
4. I really brightened up when my boss gave me a day-off
tomorrow. I’ve been staying up most of the nights this
week doing an important project so I feel like sleeping in
tomorrow morning.
5. I have never been getting along with Abby. She’salways
picking on people and putting them down. Sometimes
she just takes me aback with her rude remarks.
97
11. STUDYING
The strategies you choose to prepare for your exam determine

whether you’ll sail through1 it or just scrape through2. Here are
a few exam tips to consider.
t Be realistic — don’t expect that you’ll easily get through3
your exam on the basis of what you’ve picked up4 during
the lectures and practical classes, buckle down5 to your
revision as soon as possible.
t You can’t revise what you don’t understand so keep up6 —
ask your teacher for help and swot up7 on the subject you
major in8.
t Rather than mugging up9 on the main points, get some
past or sample exam papers and test yourself to find out
which material you need to brush up10.
If you are happy about your exam results — congratulations! If
not then work harder and try to improve next time. It’s not the
end of the World, you know!
1
sail through
˖˔˒ˈ˛ːˑ ˔˒˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
2
scrape through
˔ ˕˓˖ˇˑˏ ˔ˇ˃˕˟ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː
3
get through
˅˞ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː
4
pick up
ː˃˘˅˃˕˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ː˃˖˚ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑȌ ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ
5
buckle down
˔ˈ˓˟˩ˊːˑ ˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖
6
keep up
˄˞˕˟ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ ˑ˔˅ˈˇˑˏˎˈːː˞ˏǡ ˄˞˕˟ ˅ ˍ˖˓˔ˈ
7
swot up
˖˔ˈ˓ˇːˑ ˋˊ˖˚˃˕˟
8
major in
˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋˊˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒ˑ ˍ˃ˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ ˒˓ˈˇˏˈ˕˖
ȋ˅ ˍˑˎˎˈˇˉˈ)
98
11. STUDYING
9
mug up
ˊ˖˄˓ˋ˕˟
10
brush up
ˑ˔˅ˈˉ˃˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟ǡ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈː˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟ ȋˊː˃Ǧ
ːˋˢ)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
brush up ȋon) sth / brush sth up

I spent much of the summer ʮ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈˎ˃ ˄ˑˎ˟˛˖ˡ ˚˃˔˕˟
brushing up on my English. ˎˈ˕˃ǡ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈː˔˕˅˖ˢ ˃ːǦ
ˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌǤ
buckle down
It’s high time you buckled ʡˈ˄ˈˇ˃˅ːˑ˖ˉˈ˒ˑ˓˃˔ˈ˓˟ˈˊ-
down to your studies. ːˑ ˅ˊˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˖˚ˈ˄˖Ǥ
get through sth

All of my group mates got ʑ˔ˈˏˑˋˑˇːˑˆ˓˖˒˒ːˋˍˋ˔ˇ˃-
through the Math exam. ˎˋ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː ˒ˑ ˏ˃˕ˈˏ˃˕ˋˍˈǤ
keep up
If you miss a lot of classes it’s ʔ˔ˎˋ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔˕ˋˎ ˏːˑˆˑ ˊ˃Ǧ
very difficult to keep up. ːˢ˕ˋˌǡ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˕˓˖ˇːˑ ːˈ ˑ˕-
˔˕˃˕˟.
major in sth
Is Ruth majoring in Spanish ʟ˖˕ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋˊˋ˓˖ˈ˕˔ˢ ˒ˑ
Literature? ˋ˔˒˃ː˔ˍˑˌ ˎˋ˕ˈ˓˃˕˖˓ˈǫ
mug up sth / mug sth up

Louis is mugging up on his ʚ˖ˋ˔ ˊ˖˄˓ˋ˕ ːˈˏˈ˙ˍˋˌ ˒ˈǦ
German for his finals. ˓ˈˇ ˅˞˒˖˔ˍː˞ˏˋ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː˃Ǧ
ˏˋǤ
pick sth up / pick up sth

Where have you picked up ʗˆˇˈ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ˕˞ː˃˘˅˃˕˃ˎ˔ˢ
those words? ˕˃ˍˋ˘ ˔ˎˑ˅ǫ
99
PHRASAL VERBS
sail through / sail through sth
Don’t worry! I’ll just sail ʜˈ ˒ˈ˓ˈˉˋ˅˃ˌǡ ˢ ˔ˇ˃ˏ ˠˍˊ˃Ǧ
through my exams as usual. ˏˈː˞ ˍ˃ˍ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˄ˈˊ ˒˓ˑ-
˄ˎˈˏ.
scrape through / scrape through sth

My sister has a university de- ʢˏˑˈˌ˔ˈ˔˕˓˞˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕Ǧ
gree while I just scraped ˔ˍˋˌ ˇˋ˒ˎˑˏǡ ˃ ˈˇ˅˃ ˔ˇ˃ˎ
through school leaving exams. ˅˞˒˖˔ˍː˞ˈˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː˞˅˛ˍˑǦ
ˎˈǤ
swot up / swot up sth / swot sth up

Maggie needs to swot up on ʛˠˆˆˋ ː˃ˇˑ ˒ˑˇ˖˚ˋ˕˟ ːˈǦ
irregular verbs. ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ː˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞Ǥ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˊ˃ˏˈːˋ˅ ˔ˎˑ˅˃

1. Cheryl learnt a few Chinese phrases without effort while
staying in Beijing.
2. Harry is a good lawyer and always tries to remain informed
about the latest developments in the international law.
3. Has your sister succeeded in her driving test?
4. I have to study my irregular verbs intensively before the
final exam.
5. I went to summer school to improve my French before the
autumn term in the Sorbonne.
6. Most students start working hard and seriously during
their last year at college.
7. Owen passed the chemistry test, but he did it with
difficulty.
8. Sid is busy reviewing science for his midterms.
100
11. STUDYING
9. The Spanish exam was no problem for Alice. She just
passed it easily.
10. We were surprised to learn that he has chosen to study
computer technology as his main subject.
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌǤ
1. I haven’t spoken German for ages — I have to brush
it _______ before I go to Germany.
a. on b. with c. up
2. I’m afraid this time my car won’t get _______ the annual
MOT test.
a. through b. past c. with
3. If her family weren’t so wellǦconnected, Janet wouldn’t
have scraped _______ the entrance exam.
a. through b. in c. from
4. If you don’t buckle _______ to work, you’ll be sacked.
a. up b. down c. on
5. It’s strange that she should have decided to major _______
environmental planning.
a. on b. with c. in
6. Mandy was too busy swotting _______ for her entrance
exams to be much interested in boys.
a. on b. up c. in
7. Mr Palmer covers so much in his lectures — I have difficulty
keeping _______.
a. with b. down c. up
8. Nikki is frantically mugging _______ on Portuguese before
her trip to Lisbon.
a. up b. down c. for
9. People can only pick _______ languages easily when they
are fairly young.
a. up b. at c. on
101
PHRASAL VERBS
10. Steve was one of the few fortunate ones to sail _______ the
French exam.
a. past b. under c. through
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋǦ

ˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ː˖ˉːˑˌ
˗ˑ˓ˏˈǤ
1. Children from bilingual families find it easier _______
languages in school.
2. I must _______ my knowledge of town history before I take
the guests on excursion.
3. I was not much interested in school, so I only just _______
all the exams.
4. If you have a passion for plants, you might decide _______
biology.
5. It would be good _______ on your Spanish, as few locals
speak English.
6. It’s worth _______ on all the different types of iPads before
buying one.
7. Kane always manages _______ his homework in no time.
8. Linda is in the advanced class, so she has to work very
hard _______ with the other students.
9. This is the best book to help _______ the placement test.
10. Tony keeps promising _______ to his studies but he never
does.
h౮IVǤ ʑ˒ˋ˛ˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑǦ

a. on one’s notes
1. ____________________ b. on the subject
c. about Greece
a. a job interview
2. ____________________ b. one’s homework
c. the exam
102
11. STUDYING
a. a language
3. ____________________ b. rude words
c. a few Irish phrases
a. one’s German
4. ____________________ b. one’s driving
c. one’s writing skills

ͳǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˕˞ ːˈ ˅ˑˊ˟ˏˈ˛˟˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˒ˑ˅˕ˑ˓ˈːˋˈǡ ˕˞ ːˈ ˔ˇ˃˛˟
ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː ˒ˑ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˋǤ
ʹǤ ʛˑˢ˔ˈ˔˕˓˃ˊ˃˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ˒ˋ˛ˈ˕˅˔ˈ˕ˈ˔˕˞ǡ˃˅ˑ˕ˏːˈ˒˓ˋǦ
˘ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢ˅˔ˈ˕˜˃˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˖˚ˋ˕˟ǡ˚˕ˑ˄˞ːˈˑ˕˔˕˃˅˃˕˟ˑ˕
ˆ˓˖˒˒˞Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʠ˃˓˃ ˈˇ˅˃ ˔ˇ˃ˎ˃ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈːǡ ˘ˑ˕ˢ ˅˔ˡ ːˑ˚˟ ˊ˖˄˓ˋˎ˃
ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˇ˃˕˞ ˋ ˒ˈ˓˔ˑː˃ˎˋˋǤ
ͶǤ ʮ ː˃ˇˈˢˎ˔ˢ ˑ˔˅ˈˉˋ˕˟ ˅ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ ˋ˕˃ˎ˟ˢː˔ˍˋˌǡ ːˑ ˕˃ˏ
˅˔ˈ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎˋ ˒ˑǦ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋǤ
ͷǤ ʮ˖ˊː˃ˎ˃ˏːˑˆˑ ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔ː˞˘ ˗˃ˍ˕ˑ˅ ˒˓ˑː˃˛ˆˑ˓ˑˇˑ˕
˔˅ˑˈˆˑ˄˓˃˕˃ǡˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋˊˋ˓˖ˈ˕˔ˢ˒ˑˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˋǤ
KEYS
h I.
1. Cheryl picked up a few Chinese phrases while staying in
Beijing.
2. Harry is a good lawyer and always tries to keep up on the
latest developments in the international law.
3. Has your sister got through her driving test?
4. I have to swot up on my irregular verbs before the final
exam.
5. I went to summer school to brush on my French before the
autumn term in the Sorbonne.
6. Most students buckle down to studies during their last
year at college.
103
PHRASAL VERBS
7. Owen passed the chemistry test, but he just scraped
through it.
8. Sid is busy mugging up on science for his midterms.
9. The Spanish exam was no problem for Alice. She just sailed
through.
10. We were surprised to learn that he has chosen to major in
computer technology.
h౮II.
1 — c 5 — с 9—a
2 — a 6 — b 10 — с
3 — a 7 — с
4 — b 8 — a
h౮III.
1. to pick up 6. swotting up
2. brush up 7. to sail through
3. scraped through 8. to keep up
4. to major in 9. get through
5. to mug up 10. to buckle down
h౮IV.
1. mug up 3. pick up
2. sail through 4. brush up
h౮V.
1. Unless you buckle down to revision you won’t get through
your History exam.
2. My sister just sails through her tests while I have to swot
up on everything to keep up with the group.
3. Sarah has just scraped through the exam though she spent
all night mugging up on historic dates and personalities.
4. I had hoped to brush up my Italian but everyone spoke
English there.
5. I picked up a lot of interesting facts about our city from my
brother who majors in History.
104
12. JOBS AND
CAREERS
The most important thing for you to do when you have been laid
off1 is to start job hunting right away. Sooner or later you’ll find
a good job you like. Here are some tips that can help you get
ahead2 in a new job environment and stay ahead.
t If you were taken on3 without a relevant background,
you may be able to get further by brushing up on4 past
courses, or taking a new one.
t If you want to move up5 in the company, don’t just coast
along6 — take on7 all of the assignments that you can.
Remember that in some companies even the seniors are
required to take over8 when there aren’t enough people
to complete the tasks.
t Be a team player. It’s surprising how much people can
get done when they pull together9.
t Don’t be shy to come up with10 ideas. Be bold and prove
to the company leaders that you are just the person to
take over when one of the managers decides to stand
down11 and hand over12 to a younger ambitious person.
1
lay off
˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˖˅ˑˎˋ˕˟
2
get ahead
˒˓ˈ˖˔˒ˈ˅˃˕˟
3
take on
˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ː˃ ˔ˎ˖ˉ˄˖
4
brush up on
˔ˏǤ ͳͳǤ StudyingǢ p. 99
5
move up
˒ˑˎ˖˚˃˕˟ ˒ˑ˅˞˛ˈːˋˈǡ ˒˓ˑˇ˅ˋˆ˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˒ˑ ˔ˎ˖ˉ˄ˈ)
6
coast along
ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˄ˈˊ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞˘ ˖˔ˋˎˋˌ
105
PHRASAL VERBS
7
take on
˄˓˃˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖)
8
take over
˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ȋˇˑˎˉːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕ˋȌ ˑ˕ ˇ˓˖ˆˑǦ
ˆˑ
9
pull together
˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ ˇ˓˖ˉːˑ ȋ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃)
10
come up with
˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˋ˕˟ ȋˋˇˈˡǡ ˒ˎ˃ː)
11
stand down
˔ˏǤ ͻǤ Stages Through LifeǢ p. 77
12
hand over
˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˃˅˃˕˟ ˅ˎ˃˔˕˟ǡ ˍˑː˕˓ˑˎ˟ǡ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
coast along
Many people in office jobs just ʛːˑˆˋˈ ˑ˗ˋ˔ː˞ˈ ˓˃˄ˑ˕ːˋˍˋ
coast along. ːˈ ˒˓ˋˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˡ˕ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞˘
˖˔ˋˎˋˌˍ˅˞˒ˑˎːˈːˋˡ˔˅ˑ-
ˋ˘ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕ˈˌ.
come up with sth

Don’t worry, Jay is sure to ʜˈ ˄ˈ˔˒ˑˍˑˌ˔ˢǡ ʓˉˈˌ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃Ǧ
come up with something. ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˚˕ˑǦːˋ˄˖ˇ˟ ˒˓ˋˇ˖-
ˏ˃ˈ˕.
get ahead
I shouldn’t have thought it ʜˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ˄˞ ːˈ ˒ˑˇ˖ˏ˃ˎ˃ǡ
would be so difficult to get ˚˕ˑ ˅ ˓ˈˍˎ˃ˏːˑˏ ˄ˋˊːˈ˔ˈ
ahead in advertising. ˕˃ˍ ˕˓˖ˇːˑ ˒˓ˈ˖˔˒ˈ˕˟.
hand over sth / hand sth over

Next month Mr Jonson will ʑ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˏ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈ ˆˑǦ
hand over to a new director. ˔˒ˑˇˋː ʓˉˑː˔ˑː ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˃˔˕
˔˅ˑˋ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢ ːˑ˅ˑˏ˖
ˇˋ˓ˈˍ˕ˑ˓˖Ǥ
106
12. JOBS AND CAREERS
lay off sb / lay sb off
The company had to lay off ʙˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˅˓ˈ-
50 men. ˏˈːːˑ ˖˅ˑˎˋ˕˟ ͷͲ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǤ
move up
To move up, you’ll need fur- ʦ˕ˑ˄˞ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋ˕˟ ˒ˑ˅˞˛ˈ-
ther training. ːˋˈǡ˕ˈ˄ˈː˖ˉːˑ˄˖ˇˈ˕˒˓ˑˌǦ
˕ˋˍ˖˓˔˞˒ˑ˅˞˛ˈːˋˢˍ˅˃ˎˋǦ
˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˋǤ
pull together
It would be better for the proj- ʓˎˢ ː˃˛ˈˆˑ ˒˓ˑˈˍ˕˃ ˄˞ˎˑ
ect if we all pulled together. ˄˞ ˎ˖˚˛ˈǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ˏ˞ ˓˃-
˄ˑ˕˃ˎˋ ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃.
take on sth ȋsb) / take sth ȋsb) on
Adam was desperate for mon- ʏˇ˃ˏ ˑ˕˚˃ˢːːˑ ː˖ˉˇ˃ˎ˔ˢ
ey and took on any extra ˅ ˇˈː˟ˆ˃˘ ˋ ˄˓˃ˎ˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˎˡǦ
work. ˄˖ˡ ˇˑ˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˖ˡ ˓˃˄ˑǦ
˕˖Ǥ
We are expanding and taking ʛ˞ ˓˃˔˛ˋ˓ˢˈˏ˔ˢ ˋ ˄ˈ˓ˈˏ
on new workmen. ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ːˑ˅˞˘ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋǦ
ˍˑ˅Ǥ
take over / take over sth / take sth over

Last week Susan took over as ʜ˃ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˌ ːˈˇˈˎˋ ʠ˟ˡˊˈː
chief executive. ˒˓ˋːˢˎ˃ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢ ˋ˔Ǧ
˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˆˑ ˇˋ˓ˈˍ˕ˑ˓˃Ǥ
PRACTICE

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋˋˎˋ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌahead, along, off, on,
over, together ˋˎˋ up.
1. If I took _______ some of his duties, he would pay me
more.
107
PHRASAL VERBS
2. It was only after many legal battles that Mr Burney agreed
to hand _______ the company.
3. Knowing and assessing your strengths and weaknesses will
enable you to get _______.
4. Matthew has no ambition. He’s just coasting _______ on
his college knowledge.
5. Mike couldn’t come _______ with any plausible excuse
when the boss asked him why he hadn’t attended the staff
meeting.
6. They are taking me _______ as a partǦtime worker, but it’s
better than staying unemployed.
7. To move _______ in our company, you’ll need additional
training.
8. We are currently not doing well and may have to lay some
of our staff _______.
9. We must all pull _______ if we are to compete and win this
grant.
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ

The office If you are young and ambitious, it’s
worker easy (1) _______ in my job as most of
people in my position just (2) _______
and hate (3) _______ extra work. I be-
lieve one day my boss will appreciate
my attitude and (4) _______ some re-
ally important task to me.
The scientist In this job you have to be a good team
player as we often have (5)_______ to
develop different things for the bet-
terment of the industry. If you want
to make any changes or develop
new things you shouldn’t be afraid
(6) _______ ideas and (7) _______ re-
sponsibility for their implementation.
108
The assembly I do work that is boring and extremely

worker repetitive in nature. I’m not motivated
in the least as people like me don’t
have a slightest chance (8) _______.
Though the industries that (9) _______
assembly workers are quite numer-
ous, I’m constantly under the threat of
(10) _______ or even sacked if the in-
dustry should start to shrink.
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖

ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏǤ
1. A team of Japanese researchers has come up with
a revolutionary idea that could slow down climate change.
a. has invented
b. has suggested
c. has introduced
2. Everyone will gain something if we pull together and work
harder.
a. cooperate b. coordinate c. contribute
3. I’ve come to realize that to get ahead, you can’t depend
on others.
a. promote b. accelerate c. advance
4. If you feel that you are just coasting along in your job, it’s
time for a change.
a. not putting enough effort into
b. putting enough effort into
c. wasting your time
5. Many workers in the service sector have been laid off
because of the economic recession.
a. have been fired
b. have been downgraded
c. have been suspended from employment
109
PHRASAL VERBS
6. Salary is one of the reasons a person may wish to move up.
a. to get a new job
b. to get a better job
c. to get a different job
7. Small firms are more willing to take on staff without
experience.
a. to fire b. to train c. to employ
8. The board forced Ms Morgan to hand over to the new
director.
a. to pass responsibility to
b. to employ
c. to support
9. When my parents died in the car accident four years ago,
my uncle took over the family business.
a. sold
b. assumed the control of
c. bankrupted

ͳǤ ʑ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˏ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ˈ ʓˉˋˎ ˒ˑ˅˞˔ˋˎˋ ˋ ː˃ˊː˃˚ˋˎˋ ː˃
ˇˑˎˉːˑ˔˕˟ ˆˈːˈ˓˃ˎ˟ːˑˆˑ ˇˋ˓ˈˍ˕ˑ˓˃Ǥ
ʹǤ ʓˎˢ ˕ˑˆˑ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒˓ˈ˖˔˒ˈ˕˟ ˅ ˍ˓˖˒ːˑˏ ˄ˋˊːˈ˔ˈǡ ˋːˑˆˇ˃
˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇˋ˕˔ˢ ˄˞˕˟ ˉˈ˔˕ˑˍˋˏǤ
͵Ǥ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˏ˞ ˄˖ˇˈˏ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃ǡ ˕ˑ ˔ˏˑˉˈˏ ˊ˃ˍˑːǦ
˚ˋ˕˟ ˒˓ˑˈˍ˕ ˅ˑ˅˓ˈˏˢǤ
ͶǤ ʜ˃ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˌ ːˈˇˈˎˈ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˢ ˑ˄˝ˢ˅ˋˎ˃ ˑ ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˒ˎ˃Ǧ
ː˃˘ ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˖˅ˑˎˋ˕˟ ˑˍˑˎˑ ͶͲͲ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍˑ˅ ˒ˑ
˅˔ˈˌ ˔˕˓˃ːˈǤ
ͷǤ ʟˋ˕˃ Ȅ ˔ˋˏ˒˃˕ˋ˚ː˃ˢ ˋ ˇ˓˖ˉˈˎˡ˄ː˃ˢ ˇˈ˅˖˛ˍ˃ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑǦ
˓˃ˢǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˠ˕ˑ ːˈˑ˄˘ˑˇˋˏˑǡ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˆˑ˕ˑ˅˃ ˅ˊˢ˕˟ ˇˑ˒ˑˎǦ
ːˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˖ˡ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʡ˞ˇˑˎˉˈː˄˞ˎ˒ˑ˔ˑ˅ˈ˕ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ˔ˆˈːˈ˓˃ˎ˟ː˞ˏ˖˒˓˃˅Ǧ
ˎˢˡ˜ˋˏǡ ˒˓ˈˉˇˈ ˚ˈˏ ˄˓˃˕˟ ˈˆˑ ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖.
110
͹Ǥ ʢ ː˃˔ ːˈ˕ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˈˆˑ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ˃ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˄˞ ˒˓ˋːˢˎ
˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢˏˈːˈˇˉˈ˓˃ǡˍˑˆˇ˃ˆˑ˔˒ˑˇˋːʛˋˎˎˊ˖ˌˇˈ˕
ː˃ ˒ˈː˔ˋˡǤ
ͺǤ ʢ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˎˡˇˈˌ ˈ˔˕˟ ˖ˇˋ˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˃ˢ ˔˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ːˑ˔˕˟
˒˓ˈˇˎ˃ˆ˃˕˟ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˋˇˈˋǤ
ͻǤ ʢ˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˋ˙˃ ʟˑˢ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː ːˈ ˒˓ˋˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˈ˕
˖˔ˋˎˋˌ ˍ ˖˚ˈ˄ˈǤ
ͳͲǤ ʮ ˄˞ ːˈ ˓ˈ˛ˋˎ˔ˢ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˃˕˟ ˔˅ˑˌ ˒˓ˑˈˍ˕ ˍˑˏ˖Ǧːˋ˄˖ˇ˟
ˍ˓ˑˏˈ ˕ˈ˄ˢǤ
KEYS
hI
1. over 4. along 7. up
2. over 5. up 8. off
3. ahead 6. on 9. together
h II.
1. to get ahead 6. to come up with
2. coast along 7. take on
3. taking on 8. to move up
4. hand over 9. take on
5. to pull together 10. being laid off
h III.
1—b 4—a 7—c
2—a 5—c 8—a
3—c 6—b 9—b
h IV.
1. Last month Jill was moved up to the position of CEO.
2. Sometimes you have to be ruthless to get ahead in big
business.
111
PHRASAL VERBS
3. If we all pull together, we’ll be able to finish the project on
time.
4. Last week, the company announced plans to lay off about
400 staff across the country.
5. Rita is a pretty and friendly girl, always ready to take on
extra work if necessary.
6. You should have consulted the general manager before
taking him on.
7. We don’t have a suitable person to take over as manager
when Mr Mills retires.
8. Some people have a wonderful ability to come up with the
right ideas.
9. Roy’s teacher says he’s just coasting along at school.
10. I wouldn’t dare hand my project over to anyone except
you.
112
13. BUSINESS
Nigel Smart started up1 his own business earlier than most peo-
ple. He was still in his first year at the university when he set up2
a small car service center for secondǦhand cars. Now that Nigel’s
profits run into3 thousands of dollars every month some people
rumour that it was his father who set him up4 with this business
and has been pouring money into5 it all the while. But for his
help, he would have gone under6 and had to wind down7 long
ago, they say. “I’m quite happy with my business,” says Nigel. “I’ve
been heading it up8 for 10 years now and I’m not going to sell
up9 in the near future. I’m even thinking about taking over10 one
of my competitors.”
1
start up
ː˃˚˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊˑ˅˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˋˊːˈ˔)
2
set up
ˑ˔ːˑ˅˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˕ˍ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˇˈˎˑǡ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˡ)
3
run into
ˋ˔˚ˋ˔ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːːˑˌ ˔˖ˏˏˑˌ
4
set up
˒ˑˏˑ˚˟ ȋˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑȌ ˖˔˕˓ˑˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˔˕˃˕˟ ː˃ ːˑˆˋ
5
pour into
˅ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˈ ˔˖ˏˏ˞ ˇˈːˈˆ)
6
go under
˕ˈ˓˒ˈ˕˟ ːˈ˖ˇ˃˚˖ ȋ˅ ˇˈˎ˃˘Ȍǡ ˓˃ˊˑ˓ˢ˕˟˔ˢ
7
wind down
ǲ˔˅ˑ˓˃˚ˋ˅˃˕˟ǳ ȋˍ˃ˍ˖ˡǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟)
8
head up
˅ˑˊˆˎ˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˓˖ˍˑ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ǡ ˖˒˓˃˅ˎˢ˕˟
9
sell up
˒˓ˑˇ˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˋˊːˈ˔)
10
take over
˒ˑˆˎˑ˜˃˕˟ ȋ˗ˋ˓ˏ˖ ˒˖˕ˈˏ ˒ˑˍ˖˒ˍˋ ˍˑː˕˓ˑˎ˟ːˑˆˑ
˒˃ˍˈ˕˃ ˈˈ ˃ˍ˙ˋˌ)
113
PHRASAL VERBS
EXTRA EXAMPLES
go under
I’m afraid my firm may go ʐˑˡ˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˅ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˆˑˇ˖ ˏˑˢ
under this year. ˗ˋ˓ˏ˃ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˓˃ˊˑ˓ˋ˕˟˔ˢ.
head sth up / head up sth
Mr Brown is just the person to ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː ʐ˓˃˖ː Ȅ ˔˃ˏ˞ˌ
head up our firm. ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˌ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˇˎˢ
˕ˑˆˑ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˅ˑˊˆˎ˃˅ˋ˕˟
ː˃˛˖ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˖Ǥ
pour sth into sth
Germany has been pouring ʒˈ˓ˏ˃ːˋˢ ˅ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˈ˕ ˕˞Ǧ
thousands of euros into the ˔ˢ˚ˋ ˈ˅˓ˑ ˅ ˠ˕˖ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˡǤ
company.
run into sth
The cost of repairing my car ʠ˕ˑˋˏˑ˔˕˟ ˒ˑ˚ˋːˍˋ ˏˑˈˌ
runs into hundreds of dollars. ˏ˃˛ˋː˞ ˋ˔˚ˋ˔ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˔ˑ˕Ǧ
ːˢˏˋ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅Ǥ
sell sth up / sell up sth / sell up
Michael is thinking of selling ʛ˃ˌˍˎ ˒ˑˇ˖ˏ˞˅˃ˈ˕ ˑ ˕ˑˏǡ
up and leaving the country. ˚˕ˑ˄˞˒˓ˑˇ˃˕˟˄ˋˊːˈ˔ˋ ˖ˈǦ
˘˃˕˟ ˋˊ ˔˕˓˃ː˞Ǥ
set sth up / set up sth
The clothing chain was set up ʬ˕˃ ˔ˈ˕˟ ˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋːˑ˅ ˑˇˈˉˇ˞
in 1956. ˄˞ˎ˃ ˑ˔ːˑ˅˃ː˃ ˅ ͳͻͷ͸ ˆˑˇ˖Ǥ
set sb up
He gave his sonǦinǦlaw money ʝː ˇ˃ˎ ˊˢ˕ˡ ˇˈː˟ˆˋǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞
to set him up. ˕ˑ˕ ˔ˏˑˆ ˅˔˕˃˕˟ ː˃ ːˑˆˋ.
start sth up / start up sth / start up

Kate doesn’t have the money ʢ ʙˈˌ˕ ːˈ˕ ˇˈːˈˆǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑ˕-
to start up her own florist’s ˍ˓˞˕˟ ˔˅ˑˌ ˙˅ˈ˕ˑ˚ː˞ˌ ˏ˃Ǧ
shop. ˆ˃ˊˋːǤ
114
13. BUSINESS
take over / take over sth / take sth over
We are planning to take over ʜ˃˛˃ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˢ ˒ˎ˃ːˋ˓˖ˈ˕
TU Airways. ˒ˑˆˎˑ˕ˋ˕˟ ˃˅ˋ˃ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˡ
TU.
wind sth down / wind down sth / wind down

Some foreign companies have ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˋːˑ˔˕˓˃ːː˞ˈ
already begun winding down. ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋ ˖ˉˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˋ ˔˅ˑ-
˓˃˚ˋ˅˃˕˟ ˔˅ˑˡ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟-
ːˑ˔˕˟.
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ˔ˎˑ˅˃ˋ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ
ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ ˕˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑːˋ ˔ˑǦ
1. It is very difficult to find money to bring
a new venture into existence. UP
2. Mr Aldridge gave his daughter some capital
to enable her to begin her own business. UP
3. Our company requires an ambitious and
professional person to be in control of the
R&D department. UP
4. The cost of the programme will reach
thousands of dollars. INTO
5. The local government continues to allocate
a lot of money for its roadǦbuilding
programme. INTO
6. Under the current crisis many small farmers
are going out of business and have to sell
their houses and business. UP
7. We are fundraising to establish a special
school for gifted children. UP
115
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮IIǤ ʝ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˌ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ ˔ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃Ǧ
ˏˋǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑǦ
to head up to start up
to sell up to take over
to set up to wind down
a special commission smaller companies
one’s operations the R&D department
one’s own grocery business the farm
1. Foreign companies have already begun ________________

_______________.
2. IBM _______________ _______________.
3. Kenneth left the company last month _________________
_________________.
4. My husband’s parents _______________ _______________
and went to live in Auckland.
5. Steve Howard was chosen _______________________
___________________.
6. The government decided _________________________
___________________ to investigate the incident.
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˋˊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːː˞˘ ˅˃˓ˋ˃ː˕ˑ˅ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢǦ

˜ˈˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖Ǥ
1. Inability to take a loan /pay off existing debtis one of the
reasons for winding down businesses.
2. It’s easier to take over an established/bankrupt business
than start up a new/different one.
3. Jo & Jo Ltd doesn’t exist any moreǢ they went under after
the merger/౮last year.
116
13. BUSINESS
4. Mr Smith had to sell up to pay౮/ buy his son’s huge card
debts running into bankruptcy / hundreds of thousands.
5. My father helped to set my brotherǦinǦlaw up in pharmacy
business/as an experienced businessman.
6. Now that I’ve poured a lot of time and money/profit and
investments into this project, I just can’t give up.
7. The Irish Times, an Irish daily newspaper, was set up as
a retail outlet/on 29 March 1859.
8. When the board of directors announced that Mr Horne had
been chosen to head up the company/the meeting, the
shareholders protested.
h౮IVǤ ʟ˃˔˒ˑˎˑˉˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ ˅ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ːˑˏ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍˈ ˋ ˔ˑǦ

1. pour / organizations / money / Businessmen / into /nonǦ
profit / massive.
2. went / the / many / During / banks / Great / under /
Depression.
3. privileged / is / in / fathers / of / them / Joel / one / up / busin
ess / kids / those / whose / set.
4. many / In / likely / next / up / years / to / farmers / 10 /
are / the / sell.
5. business / and / Brett / together / set / Mr / Mr / up / this / Mit
chell.
6. down / existing / company / scheme / the / winding / Our /
pension / is.
7. taking / be / to / Ray Motors / rumoured / Bryn’s Tyres /is /
over.
8. heavily / up / people / to / own / borrow / business / start /
their / Sometimes.
9. run / hundreds / The / can / even / into / thousands / fee /
lawyer’s.
10. looking / head / a / dynamic / for / up / department /
Department / are / Manager / to / our / We / HR.
117
PHRASAL VERBS
ͳǤ ʑˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˆˑ ˠˍˑːˑˏˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˍ˓ˋˊˋ˔˃ ˓˃ˊˑ˓ˋ-
ˎˑ˔˟ ˏːˑˆˑ ˏˈˎˍˋ˘ ˗ˋ˓ˏǤ
ʹǤ ʓˈː˟ˆˋ ˔ˈˏ˟ˋ ˒ˑˏˑˆˎˋ ˈˏ˖ ˅˔˕˃˕˟ ː˃ ːˑˆˋ.
͵Ǥ ʔˇˋː˔˕˅ˈːː˃ˢ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋː˃ǡ ˒ˑ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˌ ˆˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː ʢˑ˓ˇ
˅ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˎ ˕˞˔ˢ˚ˋ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅ ˅ ˏˑˡ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˡǡ ˊ˃Ǧ
ˍˎˡ˚˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˅ ˕ˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒ˑ˕ˑˏ ˈˈ ˒ˑˆˎˑ˕ˋ˕˟.
ͶǤ ʚˡ˄ˑˌ ˒ˑ˕ˈː˙ˋ˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˒ˑˍ˖˒˃˕ˈˎ˟ ˘ˑ˚ˈ˕ ˊː˃˕˟ ˕ˑ˚Ǧ
ː˖ˡ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋː˖ ˒˓ˑˇ˃ˉˋ ˄ˋˊːˈ˔˃.
ͷǤ ʜ˃˛ˈ ˃ˆˈː˕˔˕˅ˑ ˒˓ˈˇˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢˈ˕ ˅˔ˈˏ ˖ːˋˍ˃ˎ˟ː˖ˡ ˅ˑˊǦ
ˏˑˉːˑ˔˕˟ː˃˚˃˕˟˔˅ˑˌ˄ˋˊːˈ˔ǡːˑ˔˕ˑˋˏˑ˔˕˟ˠ˕ˑˆˑˏˑǦ
ˉˈ˕ ˋ˔˚ˋ˔ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˕˞˔ˢ˚˃ˏˋ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅ ˅ ˊ˃˅ˋ˔ˋˏˑ˔˕ˋ
ˑ˕ ˓˃ˊˏˈ˓˃ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˖ˡ ˅˞ ˘ˑ˕ˋ˕ˈ ˑ˔ːˑ˅˃˕˟.
͸Ǥ ʞˑ˔ˎˈ˔ˏˈ˓˕ˋˆˎ˃˅˞˗ˋ˓ˏ˞ǡ˓˖ˍˑ˅ˑˇ˔˕˅ˑˈˡ˄˞ˎˑ˒ˑǦ
˓˖˚ˈːˑ ˈˆˑ ˔˕˃˓˛ˈˏ˖ ˔˞ː˖Ǥ
͹Ǥ ʣ˃˄˓ˋˍ˃ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃ˈ˕ ˑ˄˝ˈˏ˞ ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˑˇ˔˕˅˃ǡ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑˏ˖
ˢ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ ˑː˃ ˊ˃ˍ˓ˑˈ˕˔ˢǤ
KEYS
h I.
1. It is very difficult to find money to start up a new venture.
2. Mt Aldridge gave his daughter some capital to set her up.
3. Our company requires an ambitious and professional person
to head up the R&D department.
4. The cost of the programme will run into thousands of
dollars.
5. The local government continues to pour money into its
roadǦbuilding programme.
6. Under the current crisis many small farmers are going out
of business and have to sell up.
7. We are fundraising to set up a special school for gifted
children.
118
13. BUSINESS
h II.
1. winding down their operations.
2. is taking over smaller companies.
3. to start up his own grocery business.
4. sold up the farm
5. to head up the R&D department
6. to set up a special commission
h III.
1. pay off existing debt
2. an established / new
3. last year
4. pay / hundreds of thousands
5. in pharmacy business
6. time and money
7. on 29 March 1859
8. the company
h IV.
1. Businessmen pour massive money into nonǦprofit
organizations.
2. During The Great Depression many banks went under.
3. Joel is one of those privileged kids whose fathers set them
up in business.
4. In the next 10 years many farmers are likely to sell up.
5. Mr Mitchell and Mr Brett set up this business together.
6. Our company is winding down the existing pension scheme.
7. Ray Motors is rumoured to be taking over Bryn’s Tyres.
8. Sometimes people borrow heavily to start up their own
business.
9. The lawyer’s fee can run into hundreds even thousands.
10. We are looking for a dynamic Department Manager to head
up our HR department.
119
PHRASAL VERBS
h V.
1. Many small firms went under in the past economic crisis.
2. His family money helped him to set up.
3. Mr Ward’s only reason for pouring thousands of dollars
into my company was to take it over.
4. Any potential buyer wants to know the exact reason for
selling up.
5. Our agency gives everyone a unique opportunity to start
up your own business but the cost of it may run into
thousands of dollars depending on the size of the company
you want to set up.
6. After the president’s death, his elder son was chosen to
head up the company.
7. The plant is winding down production so I guess it’s going
to close soon.
120
14. CHANGE
Our hotel did extremely well last year. Some of our rival hotels
had to bump their prices up1, cut back2 on maintenance costs
and lay off౮3 some of the staff but their income figures went
down4 all the same. Moreover, their visitors stated to complain
that the quality of their services was falling off5. But despite all
difficulties, we managed to balance out6 income and costs.
Last year was a hard time for our company. In February our
sales started to tail off7 without any obvious reason. The
tendency continued and in June we were on the point of slimming
the business down8. But then towards August the sales figures
levelled off9 and began to go up10 slowly till they amounted
to11 the usual figures. Our analysts still can’t account for the fact!
1
bump up
˒ˑ˅˞˛˃˕˟ǡ ˖˅ˈˎˋ˚ˋ˅˃˕˟
2
cut back
˔ːˋˉ˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟ ȋ˙ˈː˞, ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˞)
3
lay off
˔ˏǤ ͳʹǤ Jobs and CareersǢ p. 105
4
go down
˒ˑːˋˉ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟˔ˢ
5
fall off
˖˘˖ˇ˛˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟˔ˢ
6
balance out
˖˓˃˅ːˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˋ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˈǡ ˍˑˏ˒ˈːǦ
˔ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟
7
tail off
˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˖˘˖ˇ˛˃˕˟˔ˢ
8
slim down
˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˑ˄˝ˈˏ)
9
level off
˅˞˓˃˅ːˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˔˕˃˄ˋˎˋˊˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
121
PHRASAL VERBS
10
go up
˖˅ˈˎˋ˚ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓˃˔˕ˋǡ ˒ˑ˅˞˛˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈǦ
˔˕˅ˈǡ ˙ˈːˈ)
11
amount to
ˇˑ˔˕ˋˆ˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˇˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˇˑ ȋˍ˃ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅˃)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
amount to sth
In 2013 KRF losses amounted ʑ ʹͲͳ͵ ˆˑˇ˃ ˖˄˞˕ˍˋ ˍˑˏ˒˃Ǧ
to over 8 million dollars. ːˋˋ KRF ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋˎˋ ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ
8 ˏˋˎˎˋˑːˑ˅ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅Ǥ
balance out
Daily workouts can help ʟˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ː˞ˈ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅ˍˋ ˏˑǦ
balance out the increased ˆ˖˕ ˍˑˏ˒ˈː˔ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˅ˑˊǦ
calories. ˓ˑ˔˛ˈˈ ˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˎˈːˋˈ ˍ˃ˎˑǦ
˓ˋˌǤ
bump up sth / bump sth up

Increased demand bumped ʑˑˊ˓ˑ˔˛ˋˌ ˔˒˓ˑ˔ ˒˓ˋ˅ˈˎ
up prices. ˍ ˖˅ˈˎˋ˚ˈːˋˡ ˙ˈːǤ
cut back / cut back sth / cut sth back

Local authorities have cut ʛˈ˔˕ː˞ˈ ˅ˎ˃˔˕ˋ ˔ːˑ˅˃ ˔ˑ-
back on social spending again. ˍ˓˃˕ˋˎˋ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˞ ː˃ ˔ˑ˙ˋǦ
˃ˎ˟ː˞ˈ ː˖ˉˇ˞Ǥ
fall off
The quality of their production ʞˑ ˔˓˃˅ːˈːˋˡ ˔ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎ˞ˏ
has fallen off since last year. ˆˑˇˑˏ ˍ˃˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˋ˘ ˒˓ˑˇ˖ˍǦ
˙ˋˋ ˖˘˖ˇ˛ˋˎˑ˔˟.
go down
Seasonal stock prices go down ʑ ˍˑː˙ˈ ˔ˈˊˑː˃ ˙ˈː˞ ː˃ ˔ˈǦ
at the end of the season. ˊˑːː˞ˌ ˕ˑ˅˃˓ ˔ːˋˉ˃ˡ˕˔ˢ.
122
14. CHANGE
go up
Since 2001 Moscow went up C ʹͲͲͳ ˆˑˇ˃ ˚ˋ˔ˎˑ ˉˋ˕ˈˎˈˌ
from about 10 to 12 million ʛˑ˔ˍ˅˞ ˅˞˓ˑ˔ˎˑ ˔ ͳͲ ˇˑ
inhabitants. 12 ˏˋˎˎˋˑːˑ˅Ǥ
level off
Inflation has begun to level ʜ˃ˍˑːˈ˙ ˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟ ˋː˗ˎˢ˙ˋˋ
off at last. ː˃˚˃ˎ ˅˞˓˃˅ːˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ.
slim down / slim down sth / slim sth down

The company is slimming ʙˑˏ˒˃ːˋˢ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃ˈ˕ ˚ˋ˔ˎˑ
down the workforce. ˔˅ˑˋ˘ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍˑ˅Ǥ
tail off
Last year, our sales figures ʑ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˏ ˆˑˇ˖ ˑ˄˝ˈˏ ˒˓ˑǦ
tailed off to three percent. ˇ˃ˉ ˖ˏˈː˟˛ˋˎ˔ˢ ˇˑ ˕˓ˈ˘
˒˓ˑ˙ˈː˕ˑ˅Ǥ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˢ ˏˈˉˇ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑǦ

ˎ˃ˏˋ ˋ ˋ˘ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢˏˋǤ
1. to amount a. to become equal in amount, value,
or effect.
2. to balance out b. to become more efficient by cutting
staff
3. to bump up c. to become gradually less, smaller
etc, and often stop or disappear
completely
4. to cut back d. to increase in price, amount, level
etc
5. to fall off e. to add up to a particular total
6. to go down f. to stop increasing or decreasing
and stay at the same level
123
PHRASAL VERBS
7. to go up g. to suddenly increase something
by a large amount
8. to level off h. to decrease or become less or
fewer
9. to slim down i. to reduce the amount, size, cost etc
of something
10. to tail off j. to become lower or less than it
was
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋǦ

1. After the 2005 transaction which earned Martin $40,000,
his career began to _______.
a. tail off b. level off c. slim down
2. All countries must do more to _______ carbon dioxide
emissions.
a. fall off b. go down c. cut back
3. Protein and carbohydrate _______ over a week if you eat
a variety of food.
a. balance out b. level off c. amount to
4. Economists suggest that costs may increase further before
they _______.
a. bump up b. level off c. balance out
5. Government aid to population is expected to _______
$5 million this year.
a. go up b. bump up c. amount to
6. Ocean Nights is a popular tour, but demand _______
in summer.
a. falls off b. slims down c. cuts back
7. Reported violent crime rate in the United States _______ to
approximately 24 percent since 2000.
a. has tailed off
b. has gone down
c. has slimmed down
124
14. CHANGE
8. Since the company’s revenue has fallen, it wants to _______
its prices.
a. go up b. cut back c. bump up
9. The company has carried out a sweeping reform by _______
its workforce to improve efficiency.
a. levelling off b. slimming down c. going down
10. We are moving out since our monthly rent _______ from
£800 to £1,300.
a. has gone up b. balanced out c. tailed off
h౮IIIǤ ʠˑˈˇˋːˋ˕ˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˑ ˋ ˍˑːˈ˙ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˌǡ ˊ˃˒ˑˎǦ

ːˋ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋǤ
1. Audience figures fell … a. _______ from 65 to 69
2. Her monthly earnings since 2001.
amount … b. _______, after increasing
3. New Zealand banks 40 per cent over the last
bump … month.
4. Our company is trying to c. _______ staff at the
slim … moment.
5. Real estate sales always d. _______ $3,000.
tail … e. _______ the workforce.
6. Several major IT f. _______ during the third
companies are cutting … season of Dual Survival.
7. The average life g. _______ from 6.30% in
expectancy in Russia has May, 2014 to 6.10% in
gone … June, 2014.
8. The diesel fuel prices are h. _______ interest rates as
starting to level … GDP flourishes.
9. The unemployment rate i. _______ when people
in the USA went … are worried about their
future.

1. Attendance in the seventh grade has fallen down this
term.
125
PHRASAL VERBS
2. Average daily consumer spending in the U.S. in May 2014
amounted at $98.
3. Current account deficit ensues if money entering is not
enough to level out what is exiting.
4. Food prices were gone up by 5 percent last month.
5. Health care costs are running up every year.
6. His interest in bunji jumping levelled off over the years.
7. Food manufacturers are chopping back on sugar and fat in
some products.
8. The board of directors has been thinned down to 7
members.
9. When interest rates slim down, people borrow and spend
more.
10. White goods sales levelled of in June after several months
of growth.

ͳǤ ʑ ʹͲͳ͵ ˆˑˇ˖ ˓ˈ˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˅˃ˎˑ˅ˑˌ ˅ː˖˕˓ˈːːˋˌ ˒˓ˑˇ˖ˍ˕
ʚ˃˕˅ˋˋ ˖ˏˈː˟˛ˋˎ˔ˢ ˇˑ ͵ǡͻ ˒˓ˑ˙ˈː˕˃Ǥ
ʹǤ ʑˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˍ˓ˋˊˋ˔˃ ʹͲͲͺ ˆˑˇ˃ ˙ˈː˞ ː˃ ˊˑˎˑ˕ˑ ˖˒˃ˎˋ.
͵Ǥ ʑˑˊˏˑˉːˑǡ ˖ˆˑˎ˟ː˃ˢ ˒˓ˑˏ˞˛ˎˈːːˑ˔˕˟ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
ˈ˜ˈ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈǤ
ͶǤ ʗːˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˕˓˃˚˖ ˏːˑˆˑǡ ˋːˑˆˇ˃ ˏ˃ˎˑǢ˅ˍˑːˈ˚ːˑˏ˔˚ˈ˕ˈǡ
ˏˑˋ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˞ ˖˓˃˅ːˑ˅ˈ˛ˋ˅˃ˡ˕˔ˢ.
ͷǤ ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˏ ˍˎ˖˄˃ˏ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˊ˃ˍ˓˞˕˟˔ˢǡ ˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˍˑǦ
ˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˒ˑ˔ˈ˕ˋ˕ˈˎˈˌ ˖ˏˈː˟˛ˋˎˑ˔˟.
͸Ǥ ʞˈ˓ˈˇ ˒˓˃ˊˇːˋˍ˃ˏˋ ˙ˈː˞ ː˃ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒˓ˑˇˑ˅ˑˎ˟Ǧ
˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˈ˕ˑ˅˃˓˞˒ˑ˅˞˛˃ˡ˕˔ˢǡ˃ˊ˃˕ˈˏ˔ːˑ˅˃˔˕˃˄ˋ-
ˎˋˊˋ˓˖ˡ˕˔ˢ.
͹Ǥ ʞ˓˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑ ˇˑˎˉːˑ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˞ ː˃ ˑ˄ˑǦ
˓ˑː˖Ǥ
ͺǤ ʠ˕ˑˋˏˑ˔˕˟ ˓ˈˏˑː˕˃ ˏˑˈˌ ˏ˃˛ˋː˞ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟
͵ͲͲͲ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅Ǥ
ͻǤ ʢ˅ˈˎˋ˚ˈːˋˢ ˔˒˓ˑ˔˃ ˒˓ˋ˅ˑˇˋ˕ ˍ ˖˅ˈˎˋ˚ˈːˋˡ ˙ˈːǤ
126
14. CHANGE
KEYS
h I.
1 — e 5 — h 9—b
2 — a 6 — j 10 —c
3 — g 7 — d
4 — i 8 — f
h II.
1 — a 5 — c 9—b
2 — c 6 — a 10 — a
3 — a 7 — b
4 — b 8 — c
h III.
1 — off — f 4 — down — e 7 — up — a
2 — to — d 5 — off — i 8 — off — b
3 — up — h 6 — back — c 9 — down — g
h IV.
1. Attendance in the seventh grade has fallen off this term.
2. Average daily consumer spending in the U.S. in May 2014
amounted to $98.
3. Current account deficit ensues if money entering is not
enough to balance out what is exiting.
4. Food prices were bumped up by 5 percent last month.
5. Health care costs are going up every year.
6. His interest in bunji jumping tailed off over the years.
7. Food manufacturers are cutting back on sugar and fat in
some products.
8. The board of directors has been slimmed down to
7 members.
127
PHRASAL VERBS
9. When interest rates go downǡ people borrow and spend
more.
10. White goods sales levelled off in June after several months
of growth.
h V.
1. In 2013 real GDP growth in Latvia tailed off to 3.9 percent.
2. In the crisis of 2008 the gold price went down.
3. The coal industry may slim down even further.
4. Sometimes I spend a lot, sometimes little — in the end my
expenses balance out.
5. Some clubs have had to close as the attendance fell off.
6. Before holidays some food prices go up and then level off
again.
7. The Government must cut back on defence spending.
8. The cost of my car repair might amount to $3,000.
9. Increased demand bumps up prices.
128
15. COMMUNICATION
Being a meeting leader is hard job. First, you have to think of the
goal of the meeting and the questions you want to bring up1
for discussion. Set an agenda and circulate it among the meeting
participants well in advance. Make sure to start the meeting on
time and never recap for latecomers. Always begin with a checkǦ
in or just run through2 the issues you are going to deal with3 —
this will encourage those present to concentrate on the meet-
ing — and then get on to4 the heart of the matter. Be careful to
control the discussion — shut down5 disruptions and offǦtopic
discussions and take care not to get bogged down6 in lengthy
discussion. In the case of a deadlock be ready to come up with7
a concrete solution. At the end of the meeting it’s advisable to
tick off8 the list of what you’ve accomplished and spell out9 why
certain issues, if any, have been left aside10 to come back to11
another time.
1
bring up
˒ˑˇːˋˏ˃˕˟ ȋ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔)
2
run through
˄˞˔˕˓ˑ ˒˓ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈ˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕˟
3
deal with
ˑ˄˔˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟Ȁ˓˃˔˔ˏ˃˕˓ˋ˅˃˕˟
ȋ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔)
4
get on to
ˊ˃ːˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˒˓ˋ˔˕˖˒ˋ˕˟ ˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˇˑǦ
˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˇˑ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
5
shut down
˒˓ˈˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˈ˔ˈˍ˃˕˟
6
get bogged down
˖˅ˢˊː˖˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˔˕˓ˢ˕˟
7
come up with
˔ˏǤ ͳʹǤ Jobs and CareersǢ p. 106
129
PHRASAL VERBS
8
tick off
ˑ˕ˏˈ˚˃˕˟ ȋˆ˃ˎˑ˚ˍˑˌȌǡ ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ ˑ˕ˏˈ˕ˍ˖
9
spell out
˓˃ˊ˝ˢ˔ːˢ˕˟ǡ ˓˃˔˕ˑˎˍˑ˅˞˅˃˕˟
10
leave aside
ˑ˕ˎˑˉˋ˕˟Ȁːˈ ˑ˄˔˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ ȋ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔)
11
come back to
˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˍ ˒˓ˈˇˏˈ˕˖ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓˃)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
be / get bogged down

The discussion has got bogged ʝ˄˔˖ˉˇˈːˋˈ ˊ˃˔˕ˑ˒ˑ˓ˋ-
down over the issue of ˎˑ˔˟ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˊ˃˛ˎ˃ ˓ˈ˚˟
fulfillment of obligations. ˑ ˅˞˒ˑˎːˈːˋˋˑ˄ˢˊ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅Ǥ
bring up sth / bring sth up
Mr Brown dared to bring up ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː ʐ˓˃˖ː ˓ˈ˛ˋˎ˔ˢ
the question of overtime pay. ˒ˑˇːˢ˕˟ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ ˑ˒ˎ˃˕˞
˔˅ˈ˓˘˖˓ˑ˚ː˞˘Ǥ
come back to sth
We’ll come back to this ʙ ˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔˖ ˏ˞ ˅ˈ˓-
question at our next meeting. ːˈˏ˔ˢ ː˃ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˈˏ ˔ˑ˄˓˃Ǧ
ːˋˋǤ
deal with sth
Let’s deal with each question ʓ˃˅˃ˌ˕ˈ ˓˃˔˔ˏˑ˕˓ˋˏ ˅˔ˈ
in turn. ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔˞ ˒ˑ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇˋǤ
get on to sth
At last we got on to the sub- ʜ˃ˍˑːˈ˙ ˏ˞ ˇˑ˄˓˃ˎˋ˔˟ ˇˑ
ject of service payment. ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔˃ ˑ˄ ˑ˒ˎ˃˕ˈ ˖˔ˎ˖ˆǤ
leave aside sth / leave aside sth
I’d prefer to leave the question ʮ ˄˞ ˒˓ˈˇ˒ˑ˚ˎ˃ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔
of benefits aside for today. ˎ˟ˆˑ˕ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ ːˈ ˑ˄˔˖ˉ-
ˇ˃˕˟.
130
15. COMMUNICATION
run through sth
Can you run through the list ʡ˞ ˏˑˉˈ˛˟ ˈ˜ˈ ˓˃ˊ ˒˓ˑ-
of conferees again? ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕˟ ˔˒ˋ˔ˑˍ ˖˚˃˔˕ːˋˍˑ˅
ˍˑː˗ˈ˓ˈː˙ˋˋǫ
shut sth ȋsb) down / shut down sth ȋsb)

He’s trying to get us offǦtrack. ʝː ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˒˞˕˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˖˅ˈ˔˕ˋ
Just shut him down. ˇˋ˔ˍ˖˔˔ˋˡ˅˔˕ˑ˓ˑː˖Ǥʜˈˇ˃-
˅˃ˌ˕ˈ ˈˏ˖ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅˃.
spell out sth / spell sth out

Is the issue clear or do I have ʑˑ˒˓ˑ˔ ˒ˑːˢ˕ˈːǡ ˋˎˋ ˢ ˇˑˎǦ
to spell it out? ˉˈː ˅˔ˈ ˒ˑˇ˓ˑ˄ːˑ ˑ˄˝ˢ˔-
ːˋ˕˟?
tick off sth / tick sth off / tick sth off sth
The chairman ticked off ʞ˓ˈˇ˔ˈˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟ ˑ˕ˏˈ˕ˋˎ ˒˖ːǦ
the points we had already ˍ˕˞ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˏ˞ ˖ˉˈ ˑ˄˔˖Ǧ
discussed. ˇˋˎˋǤ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˔˒ˋ˔ˍˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ ˒ˑ ˕ˈˏˈ ˔ˑǦ

ˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˢ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˢˏǤ
1. to be delayed so that no progress is made
2. to deal again with something that you were dealing with
earlier
3. to explain or to read something quickly
4. to mark the things on a list with a tick to show that they
have been dealt with
5. to mention a subject or topic
6. not to consider something because you want to consider
something else instead
7. to say or explain something very clearly
8. to start talking about a subject
131
PHRASAL VERBS
9. to stop someone from doing something
10. to take the necessary action in order to solve a problem
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ

1. A good speaker _______ ȋnever) the person down out of
fear or anxiety.
2. Ann _______ off the last item on the list of assignments
and sighed with relief.
3. Let’s _______ the question of who is to blame for it aside
for a while.
4. The best thing to do when you encounter a controversial
point is to move on and _______ back to it later.
5. The discussion got _______ down in unnecessary detail.
6. The guide _______ through the names to make sure that
everyone was present.
7. The issue _______ up again at the next convention of retail
merchants.
8. This new strategy _______ȋmainly) with internal policies of
the European Union.
9. When the speaker _______ to the subject of religion, the
audience got uneasy.
10. You’ll have _______ in detail what you plan to do with the
assets.
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈǦ

1. to bring up 3. to deal with
a. a matter a. a problem
b. an opinion b. an interest
c. a suggestion c. a situation
2. to come back to 4. to get on to
a. the theme a. the next item
b. the point b. the subject
c. the topic c. the affair
132
15. COMMUNICATION
5. to leave aside 6. to run through
a. the discussion a. the options
b. the question b. the schedule
c. the issue c. the dispute
h౮IVǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋǤ aside, back, down,
off, on, out, through, up ˋˎˋ with.
1. Can we come _______ to the problem of early retirement?
2. He brought _______ the question that was on the tip of
everyone’s tongues.
3. If there are no questions, let’s get _______ to the next item
on our agenda.
4. Leaving _______ the question of expense, do you really
think his plan will help solve our problem?
5. Mildred ran _______ the list of the points she wanted
to make, ticking them _______ as she found the right
arguments to use.
6. The local authorities will have to spell _______ how they
plan to deal _______ the problem of traffic jams in the city
center.
7. The talks with the board got bogged _______ on the
question of overtime.

ͳǤ ʓ˃˅˃ˌ˕ˈ ˑ˕ˎˑˉˋˏ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ ˑ ˓ˈˊ˖ˎ˟˕˃˕˃˘ ˋ˔˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ːˋˌ
ˋ ˒ˑˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˏ ˑ ˒ˈ˓˔˒ˈˍ˕ˋ˅˃˘Ǥ
ʹǤ ʓˋ˓ˈˍ˕ˑ˓ ˒ˑˇːˢˎ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ ˑ ˅ˊˢ˕ˑ˚ːˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ ˔˓ˈˇˋ ˔ˑǦ
˕˓˖ˇːˋˍˑ˅Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʛ˃˓˕ˋː˖ˈ˜ˈːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ːˈ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇˋˎˑ˔˟ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢ˓ˈ-
˛ˈːˋˈˏ ˕˃ˍˋ˘ ˒˓ˑ˄ˎˈˏǤ
ͶǤ ʛːˑˆˋˈ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚ː˞ˈ ˋˇˈˋ ˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˢ˕˔ˢ ˄ˡ˓ˑˍ˓˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˌ
ˏ˃˛ˋːˑˌǤ
ͷǤ ʜˈ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˢ ˇˑˎˉˈː ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˠ˕ˑ ˑ˄˝ˢ˔ːˢ˕˟.
͸Ǥ ʞ˓ˈˇ˔ˈˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟ ˒ˑ˒˞˕˃ˎ˔ˢ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟ ˇˋ˔ˍ˖˔˔ˋˡǡ ːˑ
ˠ˕ˑ ˈˏ˖ ːˈ ˖ˇ˃ˎˑ˔˟Ǥ
133
PHRASAL VERBS
͹Ǥ ʠ˒ˈ˓˅˃ˢˇˑˎˉː˃˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕˟˔˅ˑˈ˓˃˔˒ˋ˔˃ːˋˈː˃ˊ˃˅˕˓˃Ǥ
ͺǤ ʡ˞ ˑ˕ˏˈ˕ˋˎ ʡˑˏ˃ ˅ ˔˒ˋ˔ˍˈ ˍ˃ːˇˋˇ˃˕ˑ˅ǫ
ͻǤ ʦˈ˓ˈˊ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˏˋː˖˕ ˑːˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˛ˎˋ ˍ ˒˓ˑ˄ˎˈˏˈ ˔ˋǦ
˔˕ˈˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ˘ ˒˓ˑˆ˖ˎˑ˅Ǥ
ͳͲǤ ʮ ˅ˈ˓ː˖˔˟ ˍ ˅˃˛ˈˏ˖ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔˖ ˅ ˍˑː˙ˈ ˔ˑ˄˓˃ːˋˢǤ
KEYS
h I.
1. to be bogged down 6. to leave aside
2. to come back to 7. to spell out
3. to run through 8. to get on to
4. to tick off 9. to shut down
5. to bring up 10. to deal with
h౮II.
1. will never shut 6. ran
2. ticked 7. will be brought
3. leave 8. will mainly deal
4. come 9. got on
5. bogged 10. to spell out
h౮III.
1—b 3—b 5—a
2—a 4—c 6—c
h౮IV.
1. back 4. aside 7. down
2. up 5. through / off
3. on 6. out / with
h౮V.
1. Let’s leave aside the test result and talk about the pros-
pects.
134
15. COMMUNICATION
2. The director brought up the question of bribery among
the staff.
3. Martin has never had to deal with problems like that.
4. Many great ideas get bogged down in bureaucracy.
5. I don’t think I have to spell it out for you.
6. The chairman tried to shut down the discussion but failed.
7. First, I have to run through my schedule for tomorrow.
8Ǥ Have you ticked off Tom’s name on the list of candidates?
9. After a few minutes they got on to the problem of absen-
teeism.
10. I’ll come back to your question at the end of the meeting.
135
REVISION 11—15

˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ ˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˞Ǥ
1. Before going to Italy Oliver should brush up …
a. his teeth b. his Italian c. his hair
2. I’m going to cut back her spending on clothes because I …
a. am saving for a new car
b. have hit the jackpot
c. am going on a diet
3. If the company you work for goes under you’ll …
a. get a pay rise b. get a pay cut c. lose your job
4. It’s very important to list on your CV all the subjects you
majored in while at …
a. kindergarten b. high school c. university
5. Joel was laid off last month, so now he has to …
a. take a sick leave
b. look for another job
c. take an offǦjob training course
6. One of the reasons Gary is so successful at work is that he
always comes up with …
a. great ideas
b. other colleagues
c. his boss
7. The best person to deal with divorce proceedings would
be …
a. a dealer b. a lawyer c. a judge
8. The boutique owner started winding down the advertising
campaign because he had …
136
REVISION 11—15
a. sold nearly all the new stock
b. sold out the new stock
c. sold up his boutique
9. The chairperson ran through the list of items on the
agenda …
a. during the meeting
b. after the meeting
c. before the meeting
10. The number of the course dropouts has tailed off, and now
there are …
a. a few more than before
b. very few of them
c. more dropouts than before
1. Anny got into the art school by succeeding
in passing the examǡ but not in a very
impressive way. THROUGH
2. Catering business tends to become less
intensive after Christmas and Easter. OFF
3. Eva’s got to study the Industrial Revolution
intensively for tomorrow’s test. UP
4. Having to explain everything in detail to
your staff is frustrating. OUT
5. Martin easily passed his graduation exams at
Oxford. THROUGH
6. Sometimes I do the housework and sometimes
my husband does — in the end our workload
is equal in amount. OUT
7. Sue and Liz gossiped heartily for a few
minutes and thenstarted working hard and
seriously again. DOWN
137
PHRASAL VERBS
8. The secretary held her pencil ready to put
a mark next to the names of the arriving guests. OFF
9. Travel agencies are expected to increase the
price of package tours by 5 percent. UP
10. Under the current economic crisis many
companies has begun to gradually reduce
work before closing completely. DOWN
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ

˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːǦ
ː˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋˋ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟˒˓ˋ˅ˈˇˈːː˞ˏ
˅ ˔ˍˑ˄ˍ˃˘ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˢˏǤ
1. to go
a. _______ (to fail c. _________ (to
completely and stop increase in price,
operating) amount, level, etc)
b. _______ (to become

lower in level, amount,
etc)
2. to get
a. _________ (to c. _________ (to
succeed in an advance or attain
examination, etc) success)
b. _________ (to
start talking about
a subject)
138
REVISION 11—15
a. _______ (to a. _______ (to

read something start to employ
quickly) someone)
3. to run 4. to take
b. _______ (to
b. _______ (to
assume the
reach a particular
control of a
amount)
company)
h౮IVǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕˃˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ

History of Apple Computer, Inc.

1. 1976 With $1,300, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
(1) _______ Apple Computer, Inc.
2. 1977 Jobs recruits Regis McKenna, the owner of one
of the most successful advertising and public
relations firms in Silicon Valley, who (2) ________
the idea of the Apple logo.
3. 1982 Apple becomes the first personal computer com-
pany whose annual sales (3) _______ $1 billion.
4. 1983 With the failure of the Lisa computer, Apple’s earn-
ings (4) _______ and its stock (5) _______ to $35,
half of its sale price in 1982.
5. 1985 Jobs and several other Apple executives leave
Apple and (6) _______ NeXT Incorporated, a new
computer company.
6. 1996 Apple (7) _______ NeXT which brings Steve Jobs
back to Apple as a special advisor.
7. 1997 Steve Jobs, named interim chief executive
officer, (8) _______ the business by closing plants,
(9) _________ thousands of workers, and thus
ensures Apple’s recovery.
8. 1997 Apple starts to use the additional funds to (10)
__________ education and creative content markets.
139
PHRASAL VERBS
9. 2000 Steve Jobs (11) _______ the company as the new
CEO and Mitch Mandich, the former chief sales
executive, (12) _______.
10. 2011 Tim Cook (13) _______ from Jobs as CEO during
his medical leave.
11. 2011 Former CEO Steve Jobs dies from cancer in October.

ͳǤ ʐ˞ˎˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˏˑˌ ˔˞ː ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˋˎ˔ˢ ˍ ˖˚ˈ˄ˈ ˔˒˖-
˔˕ˢ ˓˖ˍ˃˅˃Ǣ ˅ˑ˕ ˕ˑˆˇ˃Ǧ˕ˑ ˏːˈ ˋ ˔ˎˈˇˑ˅˃ˎˑ ˊ˃˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟
ˈˆˑ ˔ˈ˓˟ˈˊːˑ ˅ˊˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˖˚ˈ˄˖.
ʹǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˖˚ˋ˕ˈˎˢ ˋ ˓ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˋ ːˈ ˑ˄˝ˈˇˋːˢ˕˔ˢ ˇˎˢ ˔ˑ-
˅ˏˈ˔˕ːˑˆˑ ˓ˈ˛ˈːˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˄ˎˈˏ˞ ː˃˔ˋˎˋˢ ˅ ˛ˍˑˎ˃˘ǡ
˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟ ˛ˍˑˎ˟ːˑˌ ˒˓ˈ˔˕˖˒ːˑ˔˕ˋ ːˈ ˔ːˋˊˋ˕˔ˢ.
͵Ǥ ʖ˃˅ˑˇ ˄˞ˎ ˅˞ː˖ˉˇˈː ˔ˑˍ˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˑ˄˝ˈˏ˞ ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˑˇǦ
˔˕˅˃ˋ˖˅ˑˎˋ˕˟ʹͲͲ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋ˘Ǥʙ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡˑːˋ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃ˡ˕˔ˢ
«˔˅ˈ˓ː˖˕˟» ˔˅ˑˡ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟.
ͶǤ ʜ˃˛ ːˑ˅˞ˌ ˏˈːˈˇˉˈ˓ ˒ˑ ˒˓ˑˇ˃ˉ˃ˏ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˋˎ ˔ˏˈǦ
ˎ˖ˡ ˋˇˈˡǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˒ˑˏˑˉˈ˕ ˖˅ˈˎˋ˚ˋ˕˟ ˒˓ˑˇ˃ˉˋ
ˋ ˔ːˋˊˋ˕˟ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˞ ː˃ ˓ˈˍˎ˃ˏ˖Ǥ
ͷǤ ʞ˓ˋ˛ˎˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˆˎ˃˅ːˑˏ˖ ˋ˔˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˏ˖ ˇˋ˓ˈˍ˕ˑǦ
˓˖ ˒˓ˋːˢ˕˟ ˓ˈ˛ˈːˋˈǣ ˑː ˇˑˎˉˈː ˋˎˋ ˖ˌ˕ˋ ˅ ˑ˕˔˕˃˅ˍ˖
ˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˃˕˟ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢ ˏˑˎˑˇˑˏ˖ ˒ˑˍˑˎˈːˋˡǡ ˋˎˋ
˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉˋ˕˟ ˅ˑˊˆˎ˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˡ ˋ ˒ˑˌ˕ˋ ː˃ ˓ˋ˔ˍ
˓˃ˊˑ˓ˋ˕˟ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˡǤ
͸Ǥ ʤˑ˕ˢ ˗ˋ˓ˏ˃ ˋ ˔ːˋˊˋˎ˃ ˕ˈˏ˒˞ ˖˅ˑˎ˟ːˈːˋˢ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋǦ
ˍˑ˅ǡ ˈˈ ˓˖ˍˑ˅ˑˇ˔˕˅ˑ ːˈ ˔˒ˈ˛ˋ˕ ˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃˕˟ ˖˅ˑˎˈːǦ
ː˞˘ ˎˡˇˈˌ ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋˈ ˏˈ˔˕˃.
KEYS
h I.
1—b ͵ Ȅ ˔ 5—b
2—a Ͷ Ȅ ˔ 6—a
140
REVISION 11—15
7—b ͻ Ȅ ˔
8—a 10 — b
h II.
1. Anny got into the art school by scraping through the
exam.
2. Catering business tends to fall off after Christmas and Eas-
ter.
3. Eva’s got to swot up the Industrial Revolution for tomor-
row’s test.
4. Having to spell out everything to your staff is frustrating.
5. Martin sailed through his graduation exams at Oxford.
6. Sometimes I do the housework and sometimes my hus-
band does — in the end it all balances out.
7. Sue and Liz gossiped heartily for a few minutes and then
buckled down to work again.
8. The secretary held her pencil ready to tick offthe names of
the arriving guests.
9. Travel agencies are expected to bump up the price of pack-
age tours by 5 percent.
10. Under the current economic crisis many companies has be-
gun to wind down.
h III.
1. to go a. under b. down c. up
2. to get a. through b. on to c. ahead
3. to run a. through b. into
4. to take a. on b. over
h IV.
1. set up 6. start up
2. comes up with 7. takes over
3. run into 8. slims down
4. tail off 9. laying off
5. goes down 10. pour into
141
PHRASAL VERBS
11. heads up 13. takes over
12. stands down
h V.
1. There was a time when my son was coasting along at
school and I should have made him buckle down.
2. Unless teachers and parents pull together to deal with
the school abuse problem the school crime rate won’t go
down.
3. The plant has had to cut down production and lay off 200
workers. It seems they are going to wind down.
4. Our new sales manager has come up with a challenging
idea on how to bump up sales and cut back advertising
expenses.
5. It’s time for the present CEO to decide whether to stand
down and hand over to a younger generation or go on
heading up the company and run the risk of going under.
6. But even though the firm has reduced the speed at which
they lay off staff, the management is in no hurry to take
on people back.
142
16. DRIVING
I left early to avoid heavy traffic and thought that the trip would
take me an hour or so but everything went wrong from the mo-
ment I set out1. When I pulled out2 onto the main road some-
body cut in3 on me and I had to pull up4 to avoid an accident.
I was so excited that I decided to pull over5 and calm down
a little. As I was picking up6 speed again, one of the tyres
blew out7 and I had to pull in8 at the nearest garage to have it
changed. In half an hour I was on my way again. By that time the
rain had started, so when I saw a student who was hitch-hiking
I felt sorry for him and picked him up9. We had been going only
five minutes when I was flagged down10 by a police officer who
warned me of a huge holdup ahead. So when the student asked
me to drop him off11 at a roadside café I decided to have a cup
of coffee there and check the map for a bypass road. But when
I came out, someone had blocked me in12!
1
set out
˔ˏǤ ʹǤ Travel; p. 20
2
pull out
ˑ˕˝ˈˊˉ˃˕˟Ǣ ˖ˈˊˉ˃˕˟Ǣ ˅˞ˈˊˉ˃˕˟ ȋˋˊ ˍ˃ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
ˏˈ˔˕˃)
3
cut in
˅ˍˎˋːˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˏˈˉˇ˖ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃ˏˋǡ ˒ˑˇ˓ˈˊ˃˕˟ ȋ˃˅Ǧ
˕ˑˏˑ˄ˋˎ˟)
4
pull up
˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟
5
pull over
˔˝ˈˊˉ˃˕˟ ː˃ ˑ˄ˑ˚ˋː˖ ˋ ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
6
pick up
ː˃˄ˋ˓˃˕˟ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊˆˑːˢ˕˟˔ˢ
7
blow out
˓˃ˊ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋ˛ˋː˖)
8
pull in
ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˒˖˕ˋ)
143
PHRASAL VERBS
9
pick up
˄˓˃˕˟ ˒˃˔˔˃ˉˋ˓˃ǡ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˊˋ˕˟
10
flag down
˔ˋˆː˃ˎˋˊˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˅ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˡ ˔ ˕˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏ ˑ˔˕˃-
ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖
11
drop off
˅˞˔˃ˉˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔˔˃ˉˋ˅˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˆˇˈǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
12
block in
˄ˎˑˍˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ȋˏ˃˛ˋː˖)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
blow out
The tyre blew out as I was ʧˋː˃ ˎˑ˒ː˖ˎ˃ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˈ˘˃ˎ
driving to the station to meet ː˃ ˔˕˃ː˙ˋˡ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˕ˋ˕˟ ʓˉˑ-
John. ː˃Ǥ
block sb / sth in
Someone had blocked me in ʙ˕ˑǦ˕ˑ ˊ˃˄ˎˑˍˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎ ˏˑˡ
so I had to take a taxi to work. ˏ˃˛ˋː˖ǡ ˋ ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟
ˈ˘˃˕˟ ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ː˃ ˕˃ˍ˔ˋǤ
cut in
I was driving up to the cross- ʮ ˒ˑˇ˝ˈˊˉ˃ˎ ˍ ˒ˈ˓ˈˍ˓ˈ˔˕ˍ˖ǡ
roads when this green car cut ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˏˈːˢ ˒ˑˇ˓ˈˊ˃ˎ˃ ˠ˕˃
in on me. ˊˈˎˈː˃ˢ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃Ǥ
drop sb off
I asked Stella to drop me off ʮ ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ˋˎ ʠ˕ˈˎˎ˖ ˅˞˔˃-
at the corner of the street. ˇˋ˕˟ ˏˈːˢ ː˃ ˖ˆˎ˖ ˖ˎˋ˙˞Ǥ
flag sb / sth down
A police officer flagged me ʛˈːˢ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎ ˒ˑˎˋ˙ˈˌ-
down. ˔ˍˋˌǤ
pick sb up
I never pick up hitch-hikers. ʮ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˉ˖ ˎˡ-
ˇˈˌǡ ˒˖˕ˈ˛ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋ˘ ˃˅˕ˑ-
˔˕ˑ˒ˑˏǤ
144
16. DRIVING
pick up ȋspeed)
Little by little, the train was ʞˑˈˊˇ ˒ˑ˔˕ˈ˒ˈːːˑ ː˃˄ˋ˓˃ˎ
gradually picking up speed. ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟.
pull in
Let’s pull in at this cafe and ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˏ˔ˢ ˅ ˠ˕ˑˏ
have something to eat. ˍ˃˗ˈ ˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˍ˖˔ˋˏǤ
pull over
I pulled over to make a phone ʮˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎ˔ˢː˃ˑ˄ˑ˚ˋːˈ,
call. ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒ˑˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟Ǥ
pull up
If I hadn’t pulled up, I would ʔ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ˢ ːˈ ˊ˃˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋˎ,
have had an accident. ˕ˑ ˒ˑ˒˃ˎ ˄˞ ˅ ˃˅˃˓ˋˡǤ
pull out
Don’t pull out! There’s a car ʜˈ ˅˞ˈˊˉ˃ˌ ː˃ ˇˑ˓ˑˆ˖!
coming. ʔˇˈ˕ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃Ǥ
PRACTICE
1. Carly managed to make a passing taxi stop
by waving her arm at its driver. FLAG
2. Dave stood watching helplessly as her train
slowly left the station. PULL
3. I couldn’t drive out of the garage as someone
had put his vehicle so close to my car that
I couldn’t get out of my parking space. BLOCK
4. The overloaded truck was beginning to go
faster with maddening slowness. ICK
5. Vikki rounded the corner, looking for a place
to park. PULL
145
PHRASAL VERBS
6. I don’t know how long I waited at the hitching
point before some old wreck of a car stopped
and the driver gave me a lift. PICK
7. Nick was going past the hospital so he
promised to stop and let me get out of the
car there. DROP
8. No wonder the tyre got punctured, the
driveway is covered with fragments of broken
glass. BLOW
9. We had to drive to the side of the road and
stop our car when a police car approached at
high speed. PULL
10. When I stopped the car in front of the office
building Mel was already there waiting for me. PULL
11. Yes, officer, we saw a green sports car move
in ahead of this white Mazda. CUT
h౮IIǤ ʠˑˈˇˋːˋ˕ˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˑ ˋ ˍˑːˈ˙ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˌǡ ˊ˃˒ˑˎ-

ːˋ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋǤ
1. Don’t forget to pick a. _______ right in front of
Ann … me forcing me to brake.
2. Fifteen minutes later the b. _______ outside my
bus pulled … apartment building.
3. Grace was so scared that c. _______ at a small cafe
she had to pull … just outside Leeds.
4. I flagged … d. _______ on the other side
5. John dropped me … of the dirty road.
6. Someone has blocked … e. _______ at 90 kmph?
7. Suddenly a green Jaguar f. _______ on the open road
cut … to calm down a little.
8. We decided to pull … g. _______ a passing taxi
9. What would you do if and went to the airport.
you had a tyre blow … h. _______ in front of himǤ
10. When Dave rounded i. _______ my car in the
the corner a police car underground parking.
pulled … j. _______ from the train
station!
146
16. DRIVING
h౮IIIǤ ʝ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˌ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ ˔ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃-
block in pull in
pick up flag down
drop off pull over
at the kerb passengers
hitchhikers to the side of the road
one’s neighbour’s car speeders
1. Airport busses _______ on the forecourt next to the
Terminal C building.
2. I had _______ to let the government motorcade pass.
3. In Cuba, _______ is obligatory for government vehicles.
4. Randy _______ and looked at the map.
5. Road police have to arrest drunk drivers and _______ .
6. There was no parking space left so I had _______.

ͳǤ ʑ˞ˈ˘˃˅ ˊ˃ ˒˓ˈˇˈˎ˞ ˆˑ˓ˑˇ˃ǡ ˏ˞ ˔ːˑ˅˃ ː˃˄˓˃ˎˋ ˔ˍˑ-
˓ˑ˔˕˟.
ʹǤ ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˏ˔ˢ ˖ ˄ˎˋˉ˃ˌ˛ˈˆˑ ˍ˃˗ˈ ˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˍ˖˔ˋˏǤ
͵Ǥ ʓˠː˃ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎ ˒ˑˎˋ˙ˈˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˋ ˑ˛˕˓˃˗ˑ˅˃ˎ ˈˆˑ ˊ˃
˒˓ˈ˅˞˛ˈːˋˈ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕ˋǤ
ͶǤ ʗˊ˒ˈ˓ˈ˖ˎˍ˃˅˞ˈ˘˃ˎˍ˓˃˔ː˞ˌBMWˋˊ˃ˇˈˎˎˈ˅ˑˈˍ˓˞-
ˎˑ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˃˅˕ˑˏˑ˄ˋˎˢǤ
ͷǤ ʛ˃˛ˋː˞ǡ ˒˃˓ˍ˖ˡ˜ˋˈ˔ˢ ˅ˇˑˎ˟ ˖ˊˍˑˌ ʞ˃˓ˍ ˃˅ˈːˡǡ ˄ˎˑ-
ˍˋ˓˖ˡ˕ ˏ˃˛ˋː˞ ˏˈ˔˕ː˞˘ ˉˋ˕ˈˎˈˌǤ
͸Ǥ ʛ˞ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎˋ˔˟ ː˃ ˑ˄ˑ˚ˋːˈ ˋ ˒ˑ˔˃ˇˋˎˋ ˍ ˔ˈ˄ˈ ˏˑ-
ˎˑˇˑˆˑ ˒˃˓ːˢǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˒˖˕ˈ˛ˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅˃ˎ ˃˅˕ˑ˔˕ˑ˒ˑˏ ˒ˑ
ʏːˆˎˋˋǤ
͹Ǥ ʡ˃ˍ˔ˋ˔˕ ˅˞˔˃ˇˋˎ ˏˈːˢ ː˃ ˖ˆˎ˖ ˖ˎˋ˙˞Ǥ
ͺǤ ʣˋˑː˃ ˑːˈˏˈˎ˃ ˑ˕ ˖ˇˋ˅ˎˈːˋˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˈˈ ˇˑˏˑˏ
ˊ˃˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋˎ ˓ˑˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˎˋˏ˖ˊˋːǤ
147
PHRASAL VERBS
ͻǤ ʧˋː˃ ˎˑ˒ː˖ˎ˃ǡ ˋ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖ ˊ˃ːˈ˔ˎˑ ˅˒˓˃˅ˑǡ ˒˓ˢˏˑ
˅ ˒˓ˋˇˑ˓ˑˉː˞ˈ ˍ˖˔˕˞Ǥ
ͳͲǤ ʮ ˈ˘˃ˎ˃ ˒ˑ ʬˎˏ ˓ˑ˖ˇǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˏˈːˢ ˒ˑˇ˓ˈˊ˃ˎ˃ ˠ˕˃ ˊˈˎˈ-
ː˃ˢ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃ǡ ˋ ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˊ˃˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
1. Carly managed to flag down a passing taxi.
2. Dave stood watching helplessly as her train slowly pulled
out of the station.
3. I couldn’t drive out of the garage as someone had blocked
me in my parking space.
4. The overloaded truck was picking up speed with
maddening slowness.
5. Vikki rounded the corner, looking for a place to pull in.
6. I don’t know how long I waited at the hitching point before
some old wreck of a car picked me up.
7. Nick was going past the hospital so he promised to drop
me off there.
8. No wonder the tyre blew out, the driveway is covered with
fragments of broken glass.
9. We had to pull over when a police car approached at high
speed.
10. When I pulled up in front of the office building Mel was
already there waiting for me.
11. Yes, officer, we saw a green sports car cut in on this white
Mazda.
h II.
1 — up — j 6 — in — i
2 — in — d 7 — in — a
3 — over — f 8 — up — c
4 — down — g 9 — out — e
5 — off — b 10 — out — h
148
16. DRIVING
h III.
1. drop off passengers
2. to pull in at the kerb
3. picking up hitchhikers
4. pulled over to the side of the road
5. flag down speeders
6. to block in my neighbour’s car
h IV.
1. Once out of the city, we picked up speed again.
2. Let’s pull in at the nearest café and have a snack.
3. A cop flagged Dan down and gave him a speeding ticket.
4. A red BMW pulled out from the alley and clipped the left
fender of my car.
5. The cars parking along the narrow Park Avenue block the
residents in.
6. We pulled over to pick up a young man who was hitch-
hiking across Britain.
7. The cab dropped me off at the corner of the street.
8. Fiona was dumbstruck with surprise when a pink limo
pulled up outside her house.
9. The tyre blew out and the car skidded to the right into
wayside bushes.
10. I was driving along Elm Road when this green car cut in on
me, forcing me to brake.
149
17. TELEPHONING
From the moment you pick up1 the phone and till the time you
put the receiver down2 you represent your department or com-
pany. So using proper telephone etiquette makes communication
more effective. Put a smile in your voice every time you answer
the phone. If you ask the caller to hold on3, always ask permission
and then check back every 30 seconds or so to see if the person
still wishes to continue to hold. If you transfer a call, tell the caller
the name of the person you are putting him through4 to so that
if the caller gets cut off5 he will know who to call back6. If the
caller can’t get through7 to a certain person on your staff, take a
message for him to get back to8 the caller. Do not hang up9 on
the caller no matter how annoying he might seem. The person
may just be phoning around10 companies and your ringing off11
may cost your company a potential customer.
1
pick up
˔ːˢ˕˟ ȋ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖)
2
put down
˒ˑ˅ˈ˔ˋ˕˟ ȋ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖)
3
hold on
ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˖ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑː˃
4
put through
˔ˑˈˇˋːˢ˕˟ ȋ˒ˑ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑː˖)
5
cut off
˒˓ˈ˓˅˃˕˟ ȋ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑːː˞ˌ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓Ȍǡ ˓˃ˊ˝ˈˇˋːˋ˕˟
6
call back
˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟
7
get through
˔˅ˢˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒ˑ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑː˖ǡ ˇˑˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟˔ˢ
8
get back to
˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟
9
hang up
˅ˈ˛˃˕˟Ȁ˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖
150
17. TELEPHONING
10
phone around
ˑ˄ˊ˅˃ːˋ˅˃˕˟
11
ring off
˅ˈ˛˃˕˟Ȁ˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖
EXTRA EXAMPLES
call back / call sb back / call back sb

I’m busy right now. Can I call ʮ ˔ˈˌ˚˃˔ ˊ˃ːˢ˕Ǥ ʮ ˏˑˆ˖ ˕ˈ˄ˈ
you back in half an hour? ˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟ ˚ˈ˓ˈˊ ˒ˑˎǦ
˚˃˔˃ǫ
cut sb off / cut off sb

I have to top-up my account or ʛːˈ ː˖ˉːˑ ˒ˑ˒ˑˎːˋ˕˟ ˔˚ˈ˕ǡ
I’ll get cut off next time I make ˋˎˋ ˅ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˌ ˓˃ˊǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃
a phone call. ˢ ˄˖ˇ˖ ˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟ǡ ˏˈːˢ ˓˃ˊ˝-
ˈˇˋːˢ˕.
get back to sb
Mr Smith will get back to you ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː ʠˏˋ˕ ˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˋ˕
tomorrow. ʑ˃ˏ ˊ˃˅˕˓˃Ǥ
get through ȋto sb)

I couldn’t get through to ʑ˚ˈ˓˃ ˢ ːˈ ˔ˏˑˆ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˇˑˊ˅ˑ-
you yesterday, the line was ːˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˎˋːˋˢ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑ-
constantly busy. ˢːːˑ ˊ˃ːˢ˕˃Ǥ
hang up ȋon) sb

I hate it when you hang up on ʜˈː˃˅ˋˉ˖ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˕˞ ˄˓ˑ˔˃-
me. ˈ˛˟ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖ǡ ːˈ ˇˑ˔ˎ˖˛˃˅
ˏˈːˢ ˇˑ ˍˑː˙˃Ǥ
hold on
Hold on, I have to check my ʜˈ˅ˈ˛˃ˌ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖ǡˏːˈː˖ˉ-
organizer. ːˑˊ˃ˆˎˢː˖˕˟˅ˈˉˈˇːˈ˅ːˋˍǤ
151
PHRASAL VERBS
phone around sb
Just phone around a couple ʞ˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˑ˄ˊ˅ˑːˋ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ
of companies before you make ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˌ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˕ˈˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ
a decision. ˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ˓ˈ˛ˈːˋˈǤ
pick up
It’s good to pick up the phone ʞˑˇːˋˏ˃˕˟ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖ ː˖ˉːˑ
within 10 to 15 seconds. ˅ ˕ˈ˚ˈːˋˈ ˒ˈ˓˅˞˘ ͳͲȂͳͷ ˔ˈ-
ˍ˖ːˇǤ
put down
She said good-bye and put ʝː˃ ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˜˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˋ ˒ˑˎˑ-
down the phone. ˉˋˎ˃ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖Ǥ
put sb through ȋto sb)
Can you put me through to ʛˑˉˈ˕ˈ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˋ˕˟ ˏˈːˢ
Mr Long? ˔ ˆˑ˔˒ˑˇˋːˑˏ ʚˑːˆˑˏǫ
ring off
Tim was very rude and I had to ʡˋˏ ː˃˚˃ˎ ˆ˓˖˄ˋ˕˟ǡ ˋ ˏːˈ
ring off. ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟˒ˑ˅ˈ˔ˋ˕˟˕˓˖˄ˍ˖.
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋ-

1. A good secretary should either take the call or _______ the
person within an hour.
a. call back b. get through to c. phone around
2. Before I _______ I could hear him swearing.
a. put down b. called back c. rang off
3. But on the tenth ring I decided to _______ the phone.
a. hold on b. pick up c. cut off
4. I listened to pre-recorded message for five minutes before
I got _______.
a. rung off b. held on c. cut off
152
17. TELEPHONING
5. I usually _______ telephone surveys.
a. hang up on b. put down c. get through to
6. I’ll _______ you with our official response in fifteen minutes.
a. call back b. get back to c. get through to
7. Mother _______ the phone and looked at me in surprise.
a. rang off b. cutt off c. put down
8. Since I couldn’t _______ Liz on the phone I emailed her the
next day.
a. get through to b. hang up on c. bet back to
9. The secretary will _______ our customers and provide them
all necessary information.
a. call back b. get through to c. phone around
10. They won’t _______ ȋme) customer service.
a. get through to b. put through to c. get back to
11. Will you _______, please! Your call will be answered as soon
as possible.
a. hold on b. call back c. ring off

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌ around, back, down,
off, on, through, to ˋˎˋ up.
1. Could you get _______ _______ me on the data by the end
of Friday?
2. Dad put the phone _______ and passed a hand across his
forehead.
3. I decided to return the call later and let the answering
machine pick _______.
4. I got cut _______ right in the middle of the call to New York.
5. I have to ring _______ now, my bus is coming.
6. If there is anything urgent from the office, put it _______
_______ me right away.
7. I’ll call you _______ as soon as I get any information.
8. I’ve been phoning _______ customers all day telling them
about our special offer.
153
PHRASAL VERBS
9. Nicole finally got _______ _______ someone who could
answer her question about refund.
10. Please hold _______, and I’ll see if Mr Barlow is available.
11. That’s how our conversation usually ends — I just
hang _______ _______ her.

1. Can you ask Jill to call me back later/on the spot?
2. Don’t you dare hang up on me/your coat — I need to talk
to you.
3. First, you are put through to the hotel manager/telephone
operator, who asks you which city number you want.
4. Hold on a moment/tight and I’ll get the expert on the
line.
5. I got cut off in mid-morning/mid-sentence.
6. I phoned around all the travel agents in the area to find the
arrival time౮/cheapest prices.
7. If you can’t get through all these emails/to my home
number, try my cell phone.
8. I’ll get back home౮/to you as soon as I find out the prices
on our new percolator.
9. Molly flew into a rage /cheered up and rang off.
h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃-

ːˋˈ ˔ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǤ
1. to hang up on 3. to get through to
a. one’s mother a. the office
b. a man b. the house
c. a peg c. the building
2. to put down 4. to phone around
a. the cord a. the industries
b. the phone b. the services
c. the dial c. the shops
154
17. TELEPHONING
ͳǤ ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː˃ʏˎˎˈː˃ːˈ˄˞ˎˑː˃ˏˈ˔˕ˈǡ˒ˑˠ˕ˑˏ˖ˢː˃ˊ˅˃ˎ
˔˅ˑˈ ˋˏˢ ˋ ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ˋˎ ˔ˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓ˢ ˏːˈ ˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟.
ʹǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ʠ˟ˡ ːˈ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˊˎ˃ ː˃ ʛ˃˓ˍ˃ǡ ˑː˃ ːˈ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎ˃
˄˞ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖.
͵Ǥ ʗˊ˅ˋːˋ˕ˈǡ ːˑ ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋˇˈ˕˔ˢ ˒˓ˈ˓˅˃˕˟ ː˃˛ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓ǡ
˕˃ˍ ˍ˃ˍ ˔˅ˑˈˌ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇˋ ˉˇ˖˕ ˋ ˇ˓˖ˆˋˈ ˃˄ˑːˈː˕˞Ǥ ʜˑ
ˢ ˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˡ ʑ˃ˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˒ˑˎ˖˚˖ ːˈˑ˄˘ˑˇˋˏ˖ˡ
ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˡǤ
4. ʝ˄ˊ˅ˑːˋ˅ ˅˔ˈ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋǡ ˊ˃ːˢ˕˞ˈ ˅ ˔˗ˈ˓ˈ ˑ˄˜ˈ˔˕˅ˈː-
ːˑˆˑ ˒ˋ˕˃ːˋˢǡ ˢ ˅˞ˢ˔ːˋˎ˃ǡ ˆˇˈ ˇˈ˛ˈ˅ˎˈ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˑ˕ˏˈ-
˕ˋ˕˟ ˔˅ˑˌ ˇˈː˟ ˓ˑˉˇˈːˋˢǤ
ͷǤ ʞˑˉ˃ˎ˖ˌ˔˕˃ǡ ːˈ ˅ˈ˛˃ˌ˕ˈ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖Ǥ ʚˋːˋˢ ˊ˃ːˢ˕˃ǡ ːˑ
ˢ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˡ ˅˃˔ ˔ ˆˑ˔˒ˑˇˋːˑˏ ʠˍˑ˕˕ˑˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˑː
ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓.
͸Ǥ ʞˠ˕ ˒ˑˇːˢˎ˃ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑːː˖ˡ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖ ˋǡ ˒ˑˍˑˎˈ˄˃˅˛ˋ˔˟
ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢǡ ˒ˑˎˑˉˋˎ˃ ˈˈ ː˃ˊ˃ˇǤ
͹Ǥ ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˖˕˓ˑˏ ˢ ˒˞˕˃ˎ˔ˢ ˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟ ʡ˃˓ˈ ˅ ˑ˗ˋ˔ǡ ːˑ ˇˑ-
ˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟˔ˢ ːˈ ˔ˏˑˆǤ
KEYS
h I.
1 — a 5 — a 9—c
2 — c 6 — b 10 — b
3 — b 7 — c 11 — a
4 — c 8 — a
h II.
1. back to 5. off 9. through to
2. down 6. through to 10. on
3. up 7. back 11. up on
4. off 8. around
155
PHRASAL VERBS
h III.
1. later
2. on me
3. telephone operator
4. a moment
5. mid-sentence
6. cheapest prices
7. to my home number
8. to you
9. flew into a rage
h IV.
1—a 3—a
2—b Ͷ Ȅ ˔
h V.
1. Mr Allen was out, so I gave my name and asked the secre-
tary to call me back.
2. If Sue hadn’t been mad with Mark, she wouldn’t hung up
on him.
3. Sorry, but I’ll have to cut you off now as I’ve got lots of
callers waiting. But I’ll get back to you as soon as I get the
necessary information.
4. Having phoned around all the catering companies I found
the cheapest price for my birthday party.
5. Will you hold on, please? The line is busy but I’ll put you
through to Mr Scott as soon as he rings off.
6. Pat picked up the phone, hesitated a little, and put it
down.
7. I tried phoning Tara’s office this morning, but I couldn’t get
through.
156
18. TECHNOLOGY
Learning how to operate a photocopier can be complex. Our step

by step guide will help you learn how to handle it. First, plug in1
the copier into a wall jack. The device may take up2 30 to 45
seconds to warm up3. When the power light comes on4, check
the paper tray to see if there’s enough paper. If more paper is
needed load up5 the paper track. Place the document you want
to copy face down into the copier and input the number of copies
you want to run off6 on the control panel. Now press the “Copy”
button and the whole thing starts up7. This model never seizes
up8 when you change paper, but should copy paper get jammed
inside the copier turn off9 the device, open it up10 and remove
the paper stuck inside. Replace the cover and switch on11 the
copier again. Remember to remove the original document after
completing the copy task.
1
plug in
˅ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ˅ ˔ˈ˕˟ǡ ˅˔˕˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ ˅ˋˎˍ˖ ˅ ˓ˑˊˈ˕ˍ˖
2
take up
2
warm up
˒˓ˑˆ˓ˈ˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑˆ˓ˈ˕˟˔ˢ
3
come on
˅ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ˈȌǢ ˊ˃ˆˑ˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˎ˃ˏ˒ˑ˚ˍˈ)
4
load up
ˊ˃ˆ˓˖ˉ˃˕˟
5
run off
˒ˈ˚˃˕˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˠˍˊˈˏ˒ˎˢ˓ˑ˅)
6
start up
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟
7
seize up
ˊ˃ˈˇ˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˕˓˖˜ˋ˘˔ˢ ˇˈ˕˃ˎˢ˘Ȍǡ ˊ˃˔˕˓ˈ˅˃˕˟
8
turn off
˅˞ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˖˔˕˓ˑˌ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑ˒ˋ˕˃Ǧ
ːˋˈ)
157
PHRASAL VERBS
9
open up
ˑ˕ˍ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˇˑ˔˕˖˒ ˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ)
10
switch on
˅ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˖˔˕˓ˑˌ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑ˒ˋ˕˃Ǧ
ːˋˈ)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
come on
My scan power button comes ʜ˃ ˏˑˈˏ ˔ˍ˃ːˈ˓ˈ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢː-
on and off all the time. ːˑ ˕ˑ ˊ˃ˆˑ˓˃ˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˕ˑ ˆ˃˔ːˈ˕
ˍːˑ˒ˍ˃ «˒ˋ˕˃ːˋˈ».
load up / load up sth / load sth up

Tara is loading up the washing ʡ˃˓˃ˊ˃ˆ˓˖ˉ˃ˈ˕˔˕ˋ˓˃ˎ˟ː˖ˡ
machine. ˏ˃˛ˋː˖Ǥ
open up sth / open sth up

Does anyone know how to ʙ˕ˑǦːˋ˄˖ˇ˟ ˊː˃ˈ˕ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˑ˕-
open up a scanner without ˍ˓˞˕˟ ˔ˍ˃ːˈ˓ǡ ːˈ ˔ˎˑˏ˃˅
breaking the casing? ˒˓ˋ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˍˑ˓˒˖˔ǫ
plug in sth / plug sth in

Mother filled the kettle and ʛ˃ˏ˃ː˃ˎˋˎ˃˅ˑˇ˞˅˚˃ˌːˋˍ
plugged it in. ˋ ˅ˍˎˡ˚ˋˎ˃ ˈˆˑǡ ˅˔˕˃˅ˋ˅
˅ˋˎˍ˖ ˅ ˓ˑˊˈ˕ˍ˖.
run off sth / run sth off

Can you run off 10 copies of ʛˑˉˈ˕ˈ ˔ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ͳͲ ˍˑ˒ˋˌ
the agenda? ˒ˑ˅ˈ˔˕ˍˋǫ
seize up
The engine can seize up if you ʛˑ˕ˑ˓ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ː˃˚˃˕˟ ˊ˃ˈ-
don’t oil it regularly. ˇ˃˕˟ǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˅˞ ːˈ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ˈ ˓ˈ-
ˆ˖ˎˢ˓ːˑ ˊ˃ˎˋ˅˃˕˟ ˏ˃˔ˎˑ
158
18. TECHNOLOGY
start up / start up sth / start sth up
He turned the ignition key and ʝː ˒ˑ˅ˈ˓ː˖ˎ ˍˎˡ˚ ˊ˃ˉˋˆ˃-
started the car up. ːˋˢ ˋ ˊ˃˅ˈˎ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖Ǥ
switch on sth / switch sth on / switch on /

turn on sth / turn sth on
Can you switch on the coffee- ʡ˞ ˏˑˉˈ˛˟ ˅ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟ ˍˑ-
machine? ˗ˈ˅˃˓ˍ˖ǫ
turn off sth / turn sth off

switch off sth / switch sth off / switch off
Tina had to get up and turn ʡˋːˈ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟˅˔˕˃˕˟ˋ ˅˞-
off the TV. ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟ ˕ˈˎˈ˅ˋˊˑ˓Ǥ
warm up / warm up sth / warm sth up

We had to wait for the car to ʜ˃ˏ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˒ˑˇˑˉˇ˃˕˟ǡ
warm up. ˒ˑˍ˃ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃ ˒˓ˑˆ˓ˈˈ˕˔ˢ.
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˈ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˢˏ

˅ ˔˒ˋ˔ˍˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ ˒ˑ ˕ˈˏˈǤ
1. to become jammed
2. to begin operating or being used
3. to connect a piece of electrical equipment to the main
supply of electricity
4. to fill a container with a large amount of something
5. to flash on
6. to reach a temperature high enough to allow it to operate
efficiently
7. to remove the lid, cover, or fastening of a container to get
access to the contents
8. to stop the operation or flow of something by means of
a tap, switch, or button
159
PHRASAL VERBS
9. to reproduce copies of a piece of writing on a machine
10. to turn on a machine, light, radio etc using a switch

1. Brad went to bed at around midnight and shortly afterwards
the car alarm _______ up.
a. came b. started c. opened
2. I have already prepared the printed statement, just _______
off about 50 copies.
a. run b. switch c. turn
3. It took me ages to find the remote control device to _______
the television on.
a. come b. switch c. warm
4. Mom took the anti-mosquito repellent from the drawer and
_______ it in the wall socket.
a. plugged b. switched c. turned
5. The new office MFD started _______ up after only three
weeks.
a. warming b. loading c. seizing
6. The repair man found the main power switch and _______
it off.
a. ran b. turned c. plugged
7. This appliance allows the engine to _______ up faster and
reduces fuel consumption.
a. warm b. open c. seize
8. To _______ up a jammed DVD drive on your computer,
please, follow these instructions.
a. warm b. load c. open
9. When I press the power button on my ASUS laptop all the
lights _______ on.
a. come b. switch c. turn
10. You can _______ up around 250 sheets of paper into the
multipurpose feeder.
a. seize b. load c. start
160
18. TECHNOLOGY
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ-
1. to open up 4. to start up
a. a computer case a. an engine
b. a paper tray b. the light
c. a monitor c. a generator
2. to load up 5. to switch on
a. the heating system a. the light
b. a washing machine b. the alarm
c. a dishwasher c. water
3. to plug in 6. to warm up
a. a printer a. water-cannons
b. a hairdryer b. a photocopier
c. a keyboard c. engines

1. If you install this relay certain lights will come up at different
times of the day.
2. If you learn how to start up the washing machine correctly,
you’ll get better laundry results.
3. If your MFD doesn’t work, make sure you’ve switched it off.
4. I’ll walk off some more copies of the agenda before the
meeting.
5. It was quite chilly in the room as I had forgotten to run off
the air-conditioning when leaving for work this morning.
6. Our electrical barbecue can be plugged on a household
electricity supply.
7. Samsung CLP-350N Laser Printer keeps seizing down during
the warm-up cycle.
8. To load the car up, put the key in the ignition and then turn
it.
9. With certain models, it may take quite a time for the printer
to heat up.
10. You need the right tools to break up a computer case.
161
PHRASAL VERBS
ͳǤ ʑ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˈˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˖ ˏˈːˢ ˒˓ˑ˄ˎˈˏ˞ ˔ ˆ˃ˊˑːˑˍˑ˔ˋˎ-
ˍˑˌ Ȅ ˑː˃ ːˈ ˊ˃˒˖˔ˍ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ.
ʹǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˏˑ˕ˑ˓ ː˃˚˃ˎ ˊ˃ˈˇ˃˕˟ǡ ˢ ˅˔˒ˑˏːˋˎǡ ˚˕ˑ ːˈ ˊ˃ˎˋˎ
ˏ˃˔ˎˑǤ
͵Ǥ ʙ˔ˈ˓ˑˍ˔Ȅ˔˕˃˓˞ˌǡː˖ˉːˑːˈˏːˑˆˑ˅˓ˈˏˈːˋǡ˚˕ˑ˄˞ˑː
˒˓ˑˆ˓ˈˎ˔ˢ.
ͶǤ ʚ˖˚˛ˈ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˒ˑ˔˖ˇˑˏˑˈ˚ː˃ˢ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ˈ˕ ˒˓ˋ
˒ˑˎːˑˌ ˊ˃ˆ˓˖ˊˍˈǡ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˅ˍˎˡ˚ˈːˋˈˏ ˊ˃ˆ˓˖-
ˊˋ˕ˈ ˈˈǤ
ͷǤ ʜˈ ˖ˇˋ˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑ˒ˎˋ˕ˍ˃ ːˈ ˆ˓ˈˎ˃˔˟ǡ ˈˈ
ːˈ ˅ˍˎˡ˚ˋˎˋ ˅ ˔ˈ˕˟!
͸Ǥ ʜˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ ˑ˕ˍ˓˞˅˃ˌ˕ˈ ˍˑ˓˒˖˔ ˒˓ˋː˕ˈ˓˃ǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˑː
ːˈ ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚ˈː ˑ˕ ˔ˈ˕ˋǤ
7. ʝ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊ˃˕ˑ˓˞ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚ˋˎˋˍˑːˇˋ˙ˋˑːˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːˋˈǡˋ ˅ ˊ˃-
ˎˈ ˄˞ˎˑ ˇ˖˛ːˑǤ
ͺǤ ʠ ː˃˛ˋˏ ˍ˔ˈ˓ˑˍ˔ˑˏ ˚˕ˑǦ˕ˑ ˔ˎ˖˚ˋˎˑ˔˟ Ȅ ˍːˑ˒ˍ˃ ˒ˋ˕˃-
ːˋˢ ːˈ ˊ˃ˆˑ˓˃ˈ˕˔ˢ.
ͻǤ ʮ ˔ˇˈˎ˃ˎ˃ 200 ˍˑ˒ˋˌ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˑ˄˝ˢ˅ˎˈːˋˢǤ ʓ˖ˏ˃ˈ˛˟ǡ
ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˘˅˃˕ˋ˕ǫ
KEYS
h I.
1. to seize up 6. to warm up
2. to start up 7. to open up
3. to plug in 8. to switch off / to turn off
4. to load up 9. to run off
5. to come on 10. to switch on / to turn on
h II.
1—b 3—b 5—c
2—a 4—a 6—b
162
18. TECHNOLOGY
7—a 9—a
8—c 10 — b
h III.
1—c 3—c 5—c
2—a 4—b 6—a
h IV.
1. If you install this relay certain lights will come on at
different times of the day.
2. If you learn how to load up the washing machine correctly,
you’ll get better laundry results.
3. If your MFD doesn’t work, make sure you’ve switched it on.
4. I’ll run off some more copies of the agenda before the
meeting.
5. It was quite chilly in the room as I had forgotten to switch
off the air-conditioning when leaving for work this morn-
ing.
6. Our electrical barbecue can be plugged in a household
electricity supply.
7. Samsung CLP-350N Laser Printer keeps seizing up during
the warm-up cycle.
8. To start the car up, put the key in the ignition and then
turn it.
9. With certain models, it may take quite a time for the printer
to warm up.
10. You need the right tools to open up a computer case.
h V.
1. Lately I have had some trouble with the lawn mower — it
won’t start up.
2. As the engine started seizing up I remembered that I had
failed to oil it.
3. The photocopier is old; it takes a while to warm it up.
4. A full dishwasher runs best, so load it up before you switch
it on.
163
PHRASAL VERBS
5. No wonder, the one-hotplate electric stove didn’t warm up,
it hadn’t been plugged in!
6. Never open up a printer case unless it is unplugged!
7. The organizers had turned off the air-conditioning and the
hall was stifling.
8. There’s something wrong with our photocopier — the
power button light does not come on.
9. I’ve run off 200 copies of this notice. Do you think it will
be enough?
164
19. COMPUTERS
For the past week or so, my
I’m trying to download
computer was slowing down2
ArchiCAD but when I get
and then freezing up3 after
to the installment part
about an hour of use. When
the “please-go-to-control-
I opened up the system I found
panel-to-install-configure-
that the cooling fan had fallen
system-component” pops
off. I fixed it with some glue.
up1. I go to control panel
Now, the entire computer just
but I dont know where
shuts down4 in the middle of
to go from there. Please,
activity. What’s the issue?
help.
Please let me know how

My motherboard has
I can go on7 the Internet
packed up5 but I
from my PC to my laptop
haven’t backed up6 my
ȋI have the Internet on the
files. Is there anything
PC). What shall I buy to do
I can do to retrieve my
this?
files?
I have an old Toshiba laptop. For some reason my

I just wonder if I can hook it keyboard is typing the
up8 to my newer ACER Aspire wrong letters as well as
desktop to put some games, numbers. When I type
music, etc. on to my old laptop. @ it comes up9 with ”
The problem is that it doesn’t symbol and the Caps Lock
have a USB port or internet comes on when I type
hook-ups. What should I do? for no reason. What is
happening?
A whole lot of data was wiped out10 when I got a virus.

How can I avoid this in future?
165
PHRASAL VERBS
1
pop up
˅˞˔˅ˈ˚ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ː˃ ˠˍ˓˃ːˈ
2
slow down
˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟ ȋˑ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ˈ)
3
freeze up
˅ˋ˔ː˖˕˟ ȋˑ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ˈ)
4
shut down
˅˞ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟ǡ ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ)
5
pack up
ˋ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˔ˎˑˏ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˞ˌ˕ˋ ˋˊ ˔˕˓ˑˢ ȋˑ ˏˈǦ
˘˃ːˋˊˏˈ)
6
back up
ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˓ˈˊˈ˓˅ː˖ˡ ˍˑ˒ˋˡ ˗˃ˌˎ˃
7
go on
ˊ˃ˌ˕ˋ ȋ˅ ˋː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ǡ ː˃ ˔˃ˌ˕)
8
hook up
˒ˑˇˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ǡ ˒ˑˇ˔ˑˈˇˋːˢ˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˢ˕˟
9
come up
˒ˑˢ˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋː˃ ˠˍ˓˃ːˈǢ ˑ˄ ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˋ)
10
wipe out
˔˕ˋ˓˃˕˟ ȋˇ˃ːː˞ˈ)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
back up sth / back sth up

This article explains how to ʑ ˔˕˃˕˟ˈ ˑ˄˝ˢ˔ːˢˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˍ˃ˍ
back up and restore data. ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˓ˈˊˈ˓˅ː˖ˡ ˍˑ˒ˋˡ
ˋ ˅ˑ˔˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟ ˋː˗ˑ˓-
ˏ˃˙ˋˡǤ
come up
I keep having message come ʢˏˈːˢː˃ˠˍ˓˃ːˈ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ
up saying “memory full”. ˒ˑˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˈːˋˈ «˒˃-
ˏˢ˕˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˎːˈː˃».
freeze up
My computer freezes up when ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˊ˃˘ˑˉ˖ ˅ ʗː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ǡ
I go on the Internet. ˏˑˌ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ ˅ˋ˔ːˈ˕.
166
19. COMPUTERS
go on
Now go on the Internet and ʏ ˕ˈ˒ˈ˓˟ǡ ˊ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˅ ʗː˕ˈ˓-
do a search for information we ːˈ˕ ˋ ː˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ː˖ˉː˖ˡ ˋː-
need. ˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˡǤ
hook up sth / hook sth up

I think Apple computers hook ʮ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓˞
up to all printers. Apple ˏˑˉːˑ ˒ˑˇˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟
ˍ ˎˡ˄˞ˏ ˒˓ˋː˕ˈ˓˃ˏǤ
pack up
My laptop has packed up ʛˑˌ ˎˠ˒˕ˑ˒ ˔ːˑ˅˃ ˔ˎˑˏ˃ˎ-
again! ˔ˢ!
pop up
Why does this message keep ʞˑ˚ˈˏ˖ ˠ˕ˑ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˈːˋˈ ˒ˑ-
popping up on my screen? ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˅˞˔˅ˈ˚ˋ˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ
˖ ˏˈːˢ ː˃ ˠˍ˓˃ːˈ?
shut sth down / shut down sth / shut down

The main reason why most ʝ˔ːˑ˅ː˃ˢ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋː˃ǡ ˒ˑ ˍˑ˕ˑ-
computers shut down is ˓ˑˌ ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋː-
overheating. ˔˕˅ˑˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ˑ˅ǡˠ˕ˑ˒ˈ˓ˈ-
ˆ˓ˈ˅Ǥ
slow down
My computer slows down ʛˑˌ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ ː˃˚ˋː˃ˈ˕
when I use it for long hours. ˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟ǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˢ ˇˑˎˆˑ ˊ˃
ːˋˏ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ˡǤ
wipe out sth / wipe sth out

The program is designed to ʞ˓ˑˆ˓˃ˏˏ˃ ˒˓ˈˇː˃ˊː˃˚ˈː˃
securely wipe all data out ˇˎˢ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˄ˈˊˑ˒˃˔ːˑ
from any hard drive. ˔˕ˋ˓˃˕˟ ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˡ ˔ ˎˡ-
˄ˑˆˑ ˇˋ˔ˍ˃Ǥ
167
PHRASAL VERBS
PRACTICE

1. back up a. appear on a computer screen
2. come up b. connect an electronic machine to
other similar machines
3. freeze up c. start to work more slowly
4. go on d. make a copy of a data file for storage
in another place as a security copy
5. hook up e. stop operating
6. pack up f. get connected to
7. pop up g. become temporarily locked because
of system problems
8. shut down h. accidentally remove from a computer
9. slow down i. stop working
10. wipe out j. appear suddenly on a computer
screen, especially when you are online
h౮IIǤ ʝ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˌ˕ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞Ǥ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ-

˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖
˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǤ
back come freeze down
go hook pack on
pop shut slow out
wipe up
1. Antivirus software can _______ your computer.
2. Before you donate your computer to charity or give it to
someone else, remember _______ your personal information
first.
3. I have had my PC running for about five years until it
_______. Now I need to buy a new one.
168
19. COMPUTERS
4. If a message _______ it appears on the screen of your
computer.
5. If the memory on your computer is very low it can _______.
6. If you double-click on this icon the menu _______.
7. If your computer _______ unexpectedly you should scan it
for viruses.
8. _______ a computer file means to make a copy of it, usually
onto a disk or external disk drive.
9. _______ a laptop to a printer, attach one end of the
computer cable to the printer and the other end to either
the USB or parallel port on the laptop.
10. Today more and more people are using cell phones _______
the Internet.
h౮IIIǤ ʟ˃˔˒ˑˎˑˉˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ ˅ ˒˓˃˅ˋˎ˟ːˑˏ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˍˈ ˋ ˔ˑ-

1. hook / Do / how / loudspeakers / to / to / you / up / know /
the / the / PC?
2. that / out / I / jpegs / a / my / virus / wiped / got / all.
3. Window / down / Is / true / over / that / it / slow / all / time /
systems?
4. idea / is / a / a / back / good / to / week / least / your / It / file/
up / at / once.
5. over / going / Millions / of / right / the / the / people / now /
world / are / on / all / Internet!
6. then / My / turns / screen / screen / startup / black / on /
freezes / desktop / and / up / into / a.
7. up / on / arrival / My / come / has / board / just / flight / the.
8. time / air / my / winter / packs / hope / is / conditioner / Next /
up / I / it / in!
9. weekend / will / power / be / The / shut / over / supply /
down / the.
169
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮IVǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ
ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ː˖ˉːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǤ
1. All my apps _______ on the screen but none of them works.
2. Can I stop calendar reminders _______ on my screen?
3. I always _______ most of my files on USB stickers.
4. Could you email the information as our fax machine ______?
5. I can’t _______ ȋthem) correctly without reading the
instructions.
6. My laptop _______ when I close the lid.
7. Numerous documents, pictures and files on the desktop
can _______ your computer.
8. Unfortunately, all the information _______ from my laptop.
9. When I _______ the Web, the whole system _______ and
changes IE homepages.

ͳǤ ʑ˔ˈ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓˞ ˅ ˍˑː˗ˈ˓ˈː˙Ǧˊ˃ˎˈ ˊ˃˅ˋ˔ˎˋǡ ˋ ˔ˑ˄˓˃-
ːˋˈ ˑ˕ˏˈːˋˎˋǤ
ʹǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˅˚ˈ˓˃ ˒ˑ˒˞˕˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˊ˃ˌ˕ˋ ˅ ʗː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ǡ ˔ː˃˚˃-
ˎ˃ ː˃ ˠˍ˓˃ːˈ ˒ˑˢ˅ˋˎˑ˔˟ ˍ˃ˍˑˈǦ˕ˑ ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˈːˋˈǡ ˃ ˊ˃˕ˈˏ
ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˅˞ˍˎˡ˚ˋˎ˔ˢ.
͵Ǥ ʛˑˌ ˒˓ˋː˕ˈ˓ ˔ːˑ˅˃ ˔ˎˑˏ˃ˎ˔ˢǨ ʓ˃˅ːˑ ˒ˑ˓˃ ˍ˖˒ˋ˕˟ ːˑ-
˅˞ˌǤ
ͶǤ ʜˈˊ˃˄˞˅˃ˌ˕ˈˍ˃ˉˇ˞ˌˇˈː˟˔ˑˊˇ˃˅˃˕˟˓ˈˊˈ˓˅ː˖ˡˍˑ-
˒ˋˡ ˅˃ˉː˞˘ ˇ˃ːː˞˘Ǥ
ͷǤ ʞˑ˔ˎˈ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˢ ˒ˑˇˍˎˡ˚ˋˎ ˔˅ˑˌ ːˑ˅˞ˌ ˇˈ˔ˍ˕ˑ˒
ˍ ˔˕˃˓ˑˏ˖ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓˖ǡ ˑː ː˃˚˃ˎ ˔ˎˈˆˍ˃ ˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟.
͸Ǥ ʞ˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˅˔˕˃˅˟ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˇˋ˔ˍ ˅ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ǡ ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˡ
˔ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˆˑ ˕˞ ˘ˑ˚ˈ˛˟ ˔˕ˈ˓ˈ˕˟ǡ ˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˃ˆ˓˖ˊˋ ˈˆˑǤ
͹Ǥ ʬ˕ˑ˔ˑˑ˄˜ˈːˋˈˏˑˉˈ˕˅˓ˈˏˢˑ˕˅˓ˈˏˈːˋ˅˞˔˅ˈ˚ˋ˅˃˕˟Ǧ
˔ˢ ː˃ ˠˍ˓˃ːˈǡ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃˜˃ˌ ː˃ ːˈˆˑ ˅ːˋˏ˃ːˋˢǤ
170
19. COMPUTERS
KEYS
h I.
1 — d 5 — b 9—c
2 — a 6 — i
3 — g 7 — j
4 — f 8 — e 10 — h
h II.
1. slow down 6. will pop up
2. to wipe out 7. shuts down
3. packed up 8. To back up
4. comes up 9. To hook up
5. freeze up 10. to go on
h III.
1. Do you know how to hook up the loudspeakers to the PC?
2. I got a virus that wiped out all my jpegs.
3. Is it true that all Window systems slow down over time?
4. It is a good idea to back up your files at least once a week.
5. Millions of people all over the world are going on the
Internet right now!
6. My desktop screen freezes up on start-up and then turns
into a black screen.
7. My flight has just come up on the arrival board.
8. Next time my air conditioner packs up I’ll hope it’s in winter!
9. The power supply will be shut down over the weekend.
h IV.
1. come up 4. has packed up
2. popping up 5. hook them up
3. back up 6. won’t shut down
171
PHRASAL VERBS
7. slow down 9. go on / freezes up
8. has got wiped out
h V.
1. All the PC screens in the conference hall froze up and the
meeting was cancelled.
2. When I tried to go on the Internet yesterday, some
message came up on the screen first and then the PC just
shut down.
3. My printer has packed up again! It’s time I got a new one.
4. Make sure you back up important data every day.
5. After hooking up my new desktop to the old computer, it
started slowing down a little.
6. Just put this CD into the computer you want to wipe out
and reboot.
7. This message can pop up from time to time, just don’t
mind it.
172
20. MASS MEDIA
Most of what we call “news” nowadays begins from press releases

put out1 by individuals, companies or government agencies. Tips
and leaks constitute the next most important source. In this way
journalists can pick up2 information from well-meaning citizens
present at a crime or accident scene or those who want to wise us
up to3 sordid behaviours of public figures. Occasionally valuable
information may leak out4 and become news. But, believe it
or not, tips and leaks are always checked out5. Journalists can
even sound out6 experts to verify the information obtained in
this way. Sometimes reporters just happen to be present there
when a news story happens, but it doesn’t happen by accident,
though. Journalists may have to stake out7 their subject’s house
or worm information out of8 those in the know. When it becomes
impossible for reporters to root out9 a scoop they may just make
it up10!
1
put out
˅˞˒˖˔ˍ˃˕˟ǡ ˋˊˇ˃˅˃˕˟
2
pick up
˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃˕˟ ȋˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˡ)
3
wise up to
˔ˑˑ˄˜ˋ˕˟ǡ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ ˑ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ);
ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟
4
leak out
˒˓ˑ˔ˑ˚ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˔˕˃˕˟ ˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ː˞ˏ
5
check out
˒ˑˇ˕˅ˈ˓ˉˇ˃˕˟
6
sound out
˅˞ˢ˔ːˢ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˅˞˔˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˚ˈˏǦ
ˎˋ˄ˑ)
7
stake out
˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ː˃˄ˎˡˇˈːˋˈǡ ˔ˎˈˇˋ˕˟ ȋˊ˃ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˋˎˋ
˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
173
PHRASAL VERBS
8
worm out of
˅˞˅ˈˇ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅˞˒˞˕˞˅˃˕˟
9
root out
ˑ˕˞˔ˍˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˕ˍ˃˒˞˅˃˕˟
10
make up
˒˓ˋˇ˖ˏ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅˞ˇ˖ˏ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑ˚ˋːˢ˕˟
EXTRA EXAMPLES
check out sth / check sth out

I don’t think he will check out ʜˈ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː ˒ˑˇ˕˅ˈ˓-
the fact. ˇˋ˕ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˗˃ˍ˕Ǥ
leak out
The information leaked out to ʗː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˔ˑ˚ˋˎ˃˔˟
the newspapers and caused a ˅ˆ˃ˊˈ˕˞ˋ˅˞ˊ˅˃ˎ˃˔ˍ˃ːˇ˃ˎǤ
scandal.
make up sth / make sth up

I’m not making it up. I saw it ʮ ːˋ˚ˈˆˑ ːˈ ˅˞ˇ˖ˏ˞˅˃ˡǡ ˢ
with my own eyes. ˅ˋˇˈˎ ˠ˕ˑ ˔˅ˑˋˏˋ ˔ˑ˄˔˕˅ˈː-
ː˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃ˏˋǤ
pick sth up / pick up sth

Tanya picked up the ʡ˃ːˢ ˖ˊː˃ˎ˃ ˠ˕˖ ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃-
information from a conversation ˙ˋˡ ˋˊ ˒ˑˇ˔ˎ˖˛˃ːːˑˆˑ ˓˃ˊ-
she had overheard. ˆˑ˅ˑ˓˃Ǥ
put out sth / put sth out

Sometimes companies put ʗːˑˆˇ˃ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˋ ˅˞˒˖˔ˍ˃-
out press releases that may be ˡ˕ ˒˓ˈ˔˔Ǧ˓ˈˎˋˊ˞ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ
“embargoed”. ˏˑˆ˖˕ ː˃ˎˑˉˋ˕˟ ˊ˃˒˓ˈ˕Ǥ
root out sth / root sth out

She was trying to root out the ʝː˃ ˒˞˕˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˑ˕˞˔ˍ˃˕˟
reason for his absence. ˒˓ˋ˚ˋː˞ ˈˆˑ ˑ˕˔˖˕˔˕˅ˋˢǤ
174
20. MASS MEDIA
sound out sb / sound sb out
I would sound specialist out ʜ˃ ˕˅ˑˈˏ ˏˈ˔˕ˈǡ ˢ ˄˞ ˓˃˔-
before making a decision if ˔˒˓ˑ˔ˋˎ ˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋ˔˕ˑ˅ ˒ˈ-
I were you. ˓ˈˇ ˕ˈˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ˓ˈ-
˛ˈːˋˈǤ
stake out sth ȋsb) / stake out sth ȋsb)

The police has been staking ʞˑˎˋ˙ˋˢ ˅ˈˇˈ˕ ː˃˄ˎˡˇˈ-
out his house. ːˋˈ ˊ˃ ˈˆˑ ˇˑˏˑˏǤ
wise sb up to sth
My lawyer wised me up to my ʛˑˌ ˃ˇ˅ˑˍ˃˕ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˃ˎ
ex-wife’s plans. ˏːˈ ˑ ˒ˎ˃ː˃˘ ˏˑˈˌ ˄˞˅˛ˈˌ
ˉˈː˞Ǥ
worm sth out of sb

She managed to worm some ʔˌ ˖ˇ˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˅˞˅ˈˇ˃˕˟ ˖ ˔ˈˍǦ
facts out of the secretary. ˓ˈ˕˃˓ˢ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˗˃ˍ˕ˑ˅Ǥ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʑ˒ˋ˛ˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ-

a. references
1. ______________________ b. information
c. facts
a. a story
2. ______________________ b. an excuse
c. news
a. information
3. ______________________ b. an idea
c. gossip
175
PHRASAL VERBS
a. a press release
4. ______________________ b. a report
c. a warning
a. a witness
5. ______________________ b. a scoop
c. news
a. opinions
6. ______________________ b. experts
c. government
a. a building
7. ______________________ b. a territory
c. an ex-convict
a. the truth
8. ______________________ b. information
c. details
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ

˒ˑ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ˅ː˖ˉːˑˌ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ
ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
1. After investigating his data, we found that some of
his claims did not _______.
2. I guess Roger has just _______ ȋit) to illustrate his point.
3. Inform me if anyone tries to _______ ȋthis information) of
you.
4. Lucy enjoys _______ celebrity gossip.
5. Our bank guarantees that none of your credit card
information will _______.
6. Our reporters have _______ some interesting information
on corruption.
7. Our video crews and photographers _______ the notorious
night club every night.
176
20. MASS MEDIA
8. We are holding a staff meeting to _______ the opinions
and mood of the workers.
9. We want to _______ȋour readers) the deceptive advertising
schemes.
10. You can get a freelance job by reading the ads some
companies _______.
h౮IIIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˊ˃ˏˈːˋ˅ ˔ˎˑ˅˃

1. Additional police were called in to watch secretly the
abandoned warehouse.
2. I got lots of tips on home repairs from the magazine.
3. I think Neil invented the whole story to get out of trouble.
4. I’ve found some hot news about our local football team.
5. Mr Crawford advised me to find out what you think about
our plan.
6. The text of the agreement became known to the press.
7. They issued a press release that stirred public opinion.
8. Though it was hard, but I succeeded in obtaining a few
details from Nick.
9. We must inform the consumers about the danger of GM
products.
10. You’ve got to make sure that the facts are true before
you share them with other people.

1. After the accident the police handed a warning out to the
local residents.
2. He’s good at digging out juicy scoop.
3. I just want to sound you off about vacancies.
4. I went to Aunt Betty hoping to peck up some gossip about
our relatives.
177
PHRASAL VERBS
5. More details about the coup are now beginning to drain
out.
6. My lawyer wised me up about all the pitfalls of the loan
contract.
7. The police officers staked down the address together with
the FBI agents.
8. They wouldn’t tell me anything, but I did snake some
information out of them.
9. Why are you always making out stories about Mandy?
10. You should go to the library and check in the dates.

ͳǤ ʙ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˠ˕˃ ːˑ˅ˑ˔˕˟ ˒˓ˑ˔ˑ˚ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˅ ˆ˃ˊˈ˕˞ǡ ˒ˑ-
ˍˎˑːːˋˍˋ ː˃˚˃ˎˋ ˔ˎˈˇˋ˕˟ ˊ˃ ˏˑˋˏ ˇˑˏˑˏǤ
ʹǤ ʝ˕ˍ˖ˇ˃ ˕˞ ˖ˊː˃ˎ ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˡ ˑ ˔ˎˋˢːˋˋ ˄˃ːˍˑ˅ǫ ʙ˃-
ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˅˔ˈ ˠ˕ˑ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˍ˕ˑǦ˕ˑ ˅˞ˇ˖ˏ˃ˎ.
͵Ǥ ʞˈ˓ˈˇ ˕ˈˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˏ˞ ˅˞˒˖˔˕ˋˏ ˒˓ˈ˔˔ ˓ˈˎˋˊǡ ˇ˃˅˃ˌ˕ˈ
ˈ˜ˈ ˓˃ˊ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˓ˋˏ ˅˔ˈ ˙ˋ˗˓˞Ǥ
ͶǤ ʞ˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˢˏ ˒˓ˈ˔˔˞ ː˃ˍˑːˈ˙Ǧ˕ˑ ˖ˇ˃ˎˑ˔˟ ː˃ˌ˕ˋ
ˇ˅˖˘ ˑ˚ˈ˅ˋˇ˙ˈ˅ ˃˅˃˓ˋˋǤ
ͷǤ ʠˈˍ˓ˈ˕˃˓˛˃ ˅˅ˈˎ˃ ˏˈːˢ ˅ ˍ˖˓˔ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˋ˘ ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˌ
˅ ˑ˗ˋ˔ˈǤ
͸Ǥ ʡ˞ ˏˑˉˈ˛˟ ˓˃˔˔˒˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ ˏˈːˈˇˉˈ˓˃ ˒ˑ ˒ˈ˓˔ˑː˃ˎ˖
ˑ ːˑ˅˞˘ ː˃ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢ˘ǫ
͹Ǥ ʢ ˏˈːˢ ˖˛ˎˑ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˚˃˔ˑ˅ ː˃ ˕ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˅˞˅ˈˇ˃˕˟
˖ ʟˈˌ˚ˈˎ ˅˔ˈ ˒ˑˇ˓ˑ˄ːˑ˔˕ˋ ˔ˍ˃ːˇ˃ˎ˃Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
1 to check out 3 to pick up
2 to make up 4 to put out
178
20. MASS MEDIA
5 to root out 7 to stake out
6 to sound out 8 to worm out
h II.
1 check out
2 made it up
3 worm this information out
4 picking up
5 leak out
6 rooted out
7 stake out
8 sound out
9 wise up our readers to
10 put out
h III.
1. Additional police were called in to stake out the
abandoned warehouse.
2. I picked up lots of tips on home repairs from the magazine.
3. I think Neil made the whole story up to get out of trouble.
4. I’ve rooted out some hot news about our local football
team.
5. Mr Crawford advised me to sound you out on our plan.
6. The text of the agreement leaked out to the press.
7. They put out a press release that stirred public opinion.
8. Though it was hard, but I succeeded in worming a few
details out of Nick.
9. We must wise up the consumers to the danger of GM
products.
10. You’ve got to check the facts out before you share them
with other people.
179
PHRASAL VERBS
h IV.
1. After the accident the police put a warning out for the local
residents.
2. He’s good at rooting out juicy scoop.
3. I just want to sound you out about vacancies.
4. I went to Aunt Betty hoping to pick up some gossip about
our relatives.
5. More details about the coup are now beginning to leak
out.
6. My lawyer wised me up to all the pitfalls of the loan
contract.
7. The police officers staked out the address together with the
FBI agents.
8. They wouldn’t tell me anything, but I did worm some
information out of them.
9. Why are you always making up stories about Mandy?
10. You should go to the library and check out the dates.
h V.
1. Hardly had the news leaked out to newspapers when the
fans started to stake out my house.
2. Where did you pick out the information about the bank
merger? It seems as if someone had made it up.
3. Before we put out the press release let’s check out all the
figures once more.
4. The press finally rooted out two eyewitnesses of the
accident.
5. The secretary wised me up to the latest developments in
the office.
6. Can you sound the HR manager out on the new
appointments?
7. It took me several hours to wormall the scandal details out
of Rachel.
180
REVISION 16—20
h౮IǤ ʖ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˅˞˄˓˃˅ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˈ ˒ˑ

˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊ˞Ǥ
1. The garage light didn’t come on automatically so I had
to …
a. switch it over b. switch it off c. switch it on
2. I’ll pull in as soon as I see somewhere …
a. to turn b. to park c. to brake
3. The secretary told me to hold on, so I …
a. held the line
b. held the receiver
c. held the phone
4. Jane’s iPad packed up, so she had to …
a. unpack it b. fix it c. reset it
5. Kelly is very good at making up stories. She could become …
a. a bookmaker
b. a make-up artist
c. a writer
6. If you’re going to drop a friend of yours off at the airport,
you’ll need to have …
a. an airplane b. a parachute c. a car
7. If you promise to call someone back, you are going to …
a. telephone this person
b. email this person
c. write to this person
8. If you want to plug in a kettle you need …
a. a plug b. a socket c. a wire
181
PHRASAL VERBS
9. If your desktop scanner won’t work, check if it’s properly
hooked up to …
a. the desk
b. the document
c. the computer
10. If you need to check out a piece of information, you need
to …
a. verify it b. pay for it c. buy it
1. Airway passengers are asked to make their
cell phones stop working. OFF
2. I’m sorry I forgot to print a copy for you. OFF
3. If this information becomes known to the
newspapers, it will cause a scandal. OUT
4. If your fax machine has got jammed and
stopped workingǡ pull the jammed paper out
it first. UP
5. More and more people are getting connected
to the Internet from their mobile and cell
phones. ON
6. Malware, adware, and spyware can cause your
computer to start to work more slowly. DOWN
7. The first thing I do when I get to the office in
the morning is make the air-conditioner start
working. ON
8. The purpose of our survey is to try to find
out how people feel about the problem of
global warming. OUT
9. The video card might be a reason why the
screen becomes temporarily locked. UP
10. You can easily schedule your computer to
stop operating and restart at a specific time. DOWN
182
REVISION 16—20
˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ː-
a. _______ (to stop the c. _______ (to drive to

vehicle that you are a place where you can
driving) stop your car)
1. to pull
b. _______ (to drive d. _______ (to move

onto a road from to the side of or off the
another road) road)
a. _______ (to b. _______ (to

c. _______ (to put
connect someone issue or broadcast
the telephone
to someone else something for
receiver back onto
on the telephone) people to read or
its base)
listen to)
2. to put
b. _______ (to appear on a

a. _______ (to start working)
computer screen)
2. to come
a. _______ (to suddenly drive b. _______ (to interrupt a

in front of a moving car in a telephone call by breaking the
dangerous way) connection)
2. to cut
183
PHRASAL VERBS
Developments in technology have brought about new forms of
crime and abuse.
Phone abuse has become a worldwide epidemic. Millions of
people suffer from the effects of phone abuse. (1) _______ the
phone no one expects to hear words or language of an obscene
or indecent character. The only purpose of such calls is annoying
people. So, do not talk back to the abuser, just (2) _______ and
report the case to the police.
Road rage, aggressive behavior exhibited by a driver of a vehicle,
may range from verbal insults to deliberately (3) _______ speed,
(4) _______, or (5) _______ on other drivers. Road rage is on the
increase nowadays. Road police report (6) _______ thousands of
people for dangerous driving, speeding, making calls, (7) _______
the Internet or (8) _______ some info while driving, all of which
can result in injuries and even deaths.
Computer crimes which involve illegal use of information technol-
ogy can range from simple pranks, such as making funny mes-
sages (9) _______ on your computer screen, to illegal alteration
of system critical information by means of viruses packing up
computers or (10) _______ important data.

ͳǤ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˊ˃ ˓˖ˎˈˏǡ ˢ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˅˞ˍˎˡ˚˃ˡ ˏˑ˄ˋˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˕ˈ-
ˎˈ˗ˑːǤ
ʹǤ ʙ˔ˈ˓ˑˍ˔ˊ˃ˈˎˑǡˍˑˆˇ˃ˢˇˈˎ˃ˎ˃ˍˑ˒ˋˋ˒ˑ˅ˈ˔˕ˍˋ˔ˑ˄˓˃-
ːˋˢǤ ʮ ˅˞ˍˎˡ˚ˋˎ˃ ˍ˔ˈ˓ˑˍ˔ǡ ˑ˕ˍ˓˞ˎ˃ ˍˑ˓˒˖˔ ˋ ˇˑ˔˕˃-
ˎ˃ ˄˖ˏ˃ˆ˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˃ˢ ˅ ːˈˏ ˊ˃˔˕˓ˢˎ˃Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʡˈ˒ˈ˓˟ǡˍˑˆˇ˃ː˃˖ˎˋ˙ˈ˔˕ˑˋ˕˕˃ˍ˃ˢˉ˃˓˃ǡˏˑˌˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ-
˕ˈ˓ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚˃ˈ˕˔ˢ.
ͶǤ ʮ˅˔ˈ˖˕˓ˑ˒˞˕˃ˡ˔˟ˇˑˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟˔ˢ˅˔ˎ˖ˉ˄˖˒ˑˇˇˈ˓ˉˍˋ
ˍˎˋˈː˕ˑ˅ǡ ːˑ ˎˋːˋˢ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˊ˃ːˢ˕˃Ǥ
ͷǤ ʮ ˔ˎˈˇˋˎ ˊ˃ ˇˑˏˑˏ ˃ˍ˕ˈ˓˃ ˅˔ˡ ːˑ˚˟ǡ ː˃ˇˈˢ˔˟ ˔ˇˈˎ˃˕˟
ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˔ːˋˏˍˑ˅Ǥ ʜˑ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˑː ˒ˑˢ˅ˋˎ˔ˢ ˒ˑˇ ˖˕˓ˑǡ
ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˑ˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˏˑˌ ˗ˑ˕ˑ˃˒˒˃˓˃˕ ˔ˎˑˏ˃ˎ˔ˢ.
184
REVISION 16—20
͸Ǥ ʮ ˖ˉˈ ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃ˎ˔ˢ ˔˝ˈ˘˃˕˟ ː˃ ˑ˄ˑ˚ˋː˖ ˋ ˅˞˔˃ˇˋ˕˟
˒˃˓ːˢǡ ˒˖˕ˈ˛ˈ˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˈˆˑ ˃˅˕ˑ˔˕ˑ˒ˑˏǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˍ˃ˍˑˌǦ˕ˑ
˒ˑˎˋ˙ˈˌ˔ˍˋˌ˒˓ˑ˔ˋˆː˃ˎˋˊˋ˓ˑ˅˃ˎˏːˈǡ˚˕ˑ˄˞ˢˑ˔˕˃-
ːˑ˅ˋˎ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖.
KEYS
h I.
ͳ Ȅ ˔ ͸ Ȅ ˔
2—b 7—a
3—a 8—b
4—b ͻ Ȅ ˔
ͷ Ȅ ˔ 10 — a
h II.
1. Airway passengers are asked to switch off their cell phones.
2. I’m sorry I forgot to run off a copy for you.
3. If this information leaks out to the newspapers, it will cause
a scandal.
4. If your fax machine has seized upǡ pull the jammed paper
out it first.
5. More and more people are going on the Internet from
their mobile and cell phones.
6. Malware, adware, and spyware can cause your computer to
slow down.
7. The first thing I do when I get to the office in the morning
is turn on the air-conditioner.
8. The purpose of our survey is to sound out how people feel
about the problem of global warming.
9. The video card might be a reason why the screen freezes
up.
10. You can easily schedule your computer to shut down and
restart at a specific time.
185
PHRASAL VERBS
h III.
1. to pull a. up b. out c. in d. over
2. to put a. through b. out c. down
3. to come a. on b. up
4. to cut a. in b. off
h IV.
1. picking up 6. flagging down
2. ring off 7. going on
3. picking up 8. googling out
4. pulling up 9. come up
5. cutting in 10. wiping out
h V.
1. I always switch off my mobile phone while driving.
2. The photocopier seized up when I was running off copies
of the meeting agenda. I switched it off and opened up
the case to pull out the jammed paper.
3. Now that the weather is so hot, my computer keeps
shutting down.
4. I’ve been trying to get through to the customer helpline
all morning, but the line is busy.
5. I had been staking out the actor’s house all night hoping
to take some pics. But when he showed up in the morning
I found out that my camera had packed up.
6. I was about to pull over to drop off the hitchhiker, when
a police officer flagged me down.
186
21. WEATHER
We had made a camping reservation at Yellowstone National Park

well in advance and were looking forward to a week of exciting
outdoor family activities when the rain set in1. We decided not
to cancel hoping that it would brighten up2. But it never did.
When we arrived at our campground the weather was still aw-
ful and the sun was blotted out3. All activities were rained off4
most days and we had to stay inside the tent listening to the rain
beating down5 against the roof. Then one day it seemed to us
that the storm had blown over6. The sun broke through7 the
clouds and it even warmed up8 a little. So we decided to take a
walk to a beautiful alpine lake that was close to our campground.
But hardly had we set out9 when the rain came on10 again and
the wind even picked up11. It was the last straw. We packed up
our things and left. No more camping for me!
1
set in
˖˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ˄˞˚ːˑ ˑ ˒ˑˆˑˇˈ)
2
brighten up
˒˓ˑˢ˔ːˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˒ˑˆˑˇˈ)
3
blot out
ˊ˃ˍ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˕˖˚˃˘)
4
be rained off
ˑ˕ˏˈːˋ˕˟ ˋˊǦˊ˃ ˇˑˉˇˢ
5
beat down
ˎˋ˕˟ ȋˑ ˇˑˉˇˈ)
6
blow over
ˏˋːˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ȋˑ ˆ˓ˑˊˈ)
7
break through
˒˓ˑ˄ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˞ˆˎˢː˖˕˟ ȋˑ ˔ˑˎː˙ˈ)
8
warm up
˕ˈ˒ˎˈ˕˟ǡ ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˕ˈ˒ˎˈˈ ȋˑ ˒ˑˆˑˇˈ)
187
PHRASAL VERBS
9
set out
10
come on
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟˔ˢ
11
pick up
˖˔ˋˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˇˑˉˇˈǡ ˅ˈ˕˓ˈ)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
beat down
Hardly had I come home when ʜˈ ˖˔˒ˈˎ ˢ ˊ˃ˌ˕ˋ ˅ ˇˑˏǡ ˍ˃ˍ
the rain began to beat down. ˒ˑˎˋˎ ˇˑˉˇ˟.
blot sth out

Dark clouds were blotting out ʡˈˏː˞ˈ ˕˖˚ˋ ˊ˃ˍ˓˞˅˃ˎˋ
the sun. ˔ˑˎː˙ˈǤ
blow over
I hope the storm will soon ʜ˃ˇˈˡ˔˟ǡ ˆ˓ˑˊ˃ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ ˒˓ˑˌ-
blow over. ˇˈ˕.
brighten up
In the evening it brightened ʑˈ˚ˈ˓ˑˏ ˒ˑˆˑˇ˃ ˒˓ˑˢ˔ːˋ-
up. ˎ˃˔˟.
break through / break through sth

The sun broke through after ʞˑ˔ˎˈ ˇ˅˖˘ ːˈˇˈˎ˟ ːˈ˒˓ˈǦ
two weeks of rain. ˓˞˅ː˞˘ ˇˑˉˇˈˌ ˅˞ˆˎˢː˖ˎˑ
˔ˑˎː˙ˈǤ
come on
I think the rain is coming on. ʛːˈ ˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ː˃˚ˋː˃ˈ˕˔ˢ
ˇˑˉˇ˟Ǥ
pick up
It seems as if the wind has ʙ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˅ˈ˕ˈ˓ ˖˔ˋˎˋˎ˔ˢ.
picked up.
188
21. WEATHER
be rained off
Two football matches were ʑ ˠ˕ˋ ˅˞˘ˑˇː˞ˈ ˋˊǦˊ˃ ˇˑ-
rained off this weekend. ˉˇˢ ˄˞ˎˋ ˑ˕ˏˈːˈː˞ ˇ˅˃
˗˖˕˄ˑˎ˟ː˞˘ ˏ˃˕˚˃Ǥ
set in
It looks as if the rain has ʙ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˖˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˇˑǦ
set in. ˉˇˎˋ˅˃ˢ ˒ˑˆˑˇ˃Ǥ
warm up
Once the weather warms upǡ ʙ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˒ˑ˕ˈ˒ˎˈˈ˕ǡ ˏ˞
we can have parties outdoors. ˔ˏˑˉˈˏ ˖˔˕˓˃ˋ˅˃˕˟ ˅ˈ˚ˈǦ
˓ˋːˍˋ ː˃ ˖ˎˋ˙ˈǤ
PRACTICE

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌǤ
1. A solar eclipse happens when the moon passes between
the Earth and the sunǡ temporarily blotting _______ the
sun.
a. down b. out c. off d. in
2. As the days finally warmed _______ǡ we started eating
outside more.
a. down b. in c. on d. up
3. I’m worried she won’t be well again before frost sets
_______.
a. on b. in c. out d. down
4. In the morning we woke up to a snow storm that had come
_______ before dawn.
a. on b. out c. in d. forth
5. It brightened _______ a bit in the evening.
a. off b. at c. up d. down
189
PHRASAL VERBS
6. The fan shop closed early as the match with Wolverhampton
was rained _______.
a. off b. out c. from d. by
7. The rain beat _______ so hard that we got wet in no time.
a. on b. in c. under d. down
8. The sun breaking _______ the storm clouds added mystery
to the stormy sunset.
a. from b. behind c. through d. across
9. The wind was picking _______ driving heavy clouds across
the sky.
a. up b. on c. in d. at
10. We decided to set out because I thought that the snowstorm
would soon blow _______.
a. out b. in c. over d. at
h౮IIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˊ˃ˏˈːˋ˅ ˔ˎˑ˅˃

1. A dense haze was hiding everything — seaǡskyǡand moun-
tain.
2. A tropical rain finishes as unexpectedly as it starts leaving
you soaking wet.
3. It was a foggy morning but at around lunch time the sun
appeared from behind the clouds.
4. It was an awful morningǡwith a heavy downpour and the
wind becoming stronger and stronger with every minute
and howling like a wolf.
5. The snow storm raged all afternoon but by evening it had
gone away.
6. The weather forecast says that the weather would become
sunny towards evening.
7. We had planned to have a picnic in the countryǡbut it was
cancelled because of rain.
8. Winter came early that year and it hadn’t become warmer
until April.
190
21. WEATHER
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈǦ
1. sets in 4. blows over
a. winter a. weather
b. rain b. snowstorm
c. sunshine c. rain
2. brightens up 5. beats down
a. wind a. rain
b. day b. hail
c. weather c. day
3. breaks through 6. warms up
a. sun a. weather
b. wind b. rainfall
c. moon c. day

1. After some cloudy daysǡ the sun came through and the
weather lightened up.
2. As darkness set offǡ it became quite chilly outside.
3. It usually takes a long time for the sea to warm down in
May.
4. The rain had gone on just before lunchtimeǡ and as it was
still raining downǡ we decided to eat in.
5. The snowstorm has lasted for a long timeǡ let’s hope it will
have blow off by tomorrow morning.
6. The wind perched up as a dark cloud blotted away the sun.
7. We didn’t have anything to do as most of the festival events
had been rained away.

ͳǤ Ȅʡ˞ ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃ˈ˛˟˔ˢ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈ˕˟ ˗˖˕˄ˑˎ˟ː˞ˌ
ˏ˃˕˚ǫ Ȅʜˈ˕ǡ ˈˆˑ ˑ˕ˏˈːˋˎˋ ˋˊǦˊ˃ ˇˑˉˇˢ.
ʹǤ ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˑ˔˕˃ːˈˏ˔ˢ ˇˑˏ˃ Ȅ ˇˑˉˇ˟ǡ ˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˊ˃˓ˢˇˋˎ ː˃
˙ˈˎ˞ˌ ˇˈː˟Ǥ
191
PHRASAL VERBS
͵Ǥ ʓˉˈˌː ˊ˃˔ː˖ˎ˃ ˒ˑˇ ˛˖ˏ ˎ˟ˡ˜ˈˆˑ ː˃ ˖ˎˋ˙ˈ ˇˑˉˇˢǤ
ͶǤ ʔˇ˅˃ˏ˞ ˖˔˒ˈˎˋ ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˖˄ˈˉˋ˜ˈǡˍ˃ˍː˃ˎˈ˕ˈˎ˃ ˔˕˓˃˛Ǧ
ː˃ˢ ˄˖˓ˢǤ
ͷǤ ʙ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˆ˓ˑˊ˃ ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋˎ˃˔˟ǡ ˋˊǦˊ˃ ˕˖˚ ˅˞ˆˎˢː˖ˎˑ
˔ˑˎː˙ˈǡ ˋ ˒ˑˆˑˇ˃ ˒˓ˑˢ˔ːˋˎ˃˔˟.
͸Ǥ ʡˈˏː˃ˢ˕˖˚˃ˊ˃ˍ˓˞ˎ˃˔ˑˎː˙ˈǡˋ˔ːˑ˅˃˔˕˃ˎˑ˒˓ˑ˘ˎ˃ˇːˑǤ
KEYS
h I.
1 — b 5 — c 9—a
2 — d 6 — a 10 — c
3 — b 7 — d
4 — a 8 — c
h II.
1. A dense haze was blotting out everything — seaǡskyǡand
mountain.
2. A tropical rain finishes as unexpectedly as it comes on
leaving you soaking wet.
3. It was a foggy morning but at around lunch time the sun
broke through.
4. It was an awful morningǡ with the rain beating down and
the wind picking up with every minute and howling like
a wolf.
5. The snow storm raged all afternoon but by evening it had
blown over.
6. The weather forecast says that the weather would brighten
up towards evening.
7. We had planned to have a picnic in the countryǡbut it was
rained off.
8. Winter set in early that year and it hadn’t warmed up until
April.
192
21. WEATHER
h III.
1—c 3—b 5—c
2—a 4—a 6—b
h IV.
1. After some cloudy daysǡ the sun broke through and the
weather brightened up.
2. As darkness set inǡ it became quite chilly outside.
3. It usually takes a long time for the sea to warm upin May.
4. The rain had come on just before lunchtimeǡ and as it was
still beating downǡ we decided to eat in.
5. The snowstorm has lasted for a long timeǡ let’s hope it will
have blow over by tomorrow morning.
6. The wind picked up as a dark cloud blotted out the sun.
7. We didn’t have anything to do as most of the festival events
had been rained off.
h V.
1. Are you going to watch the football match todayǫǦNo. It’s
been rained off.
2. Let’s stay home — the rain seems to have set in for the
day.
3. Jane fell asleep to the sound of the rain beating down out-
side.
4. Hardly had we found a shelter when a terrible storm came
on.
5. As soon as the storm blew overǡ the sun broke through
the clouds and the weather brightened up.
6. A dark cloud blotted out the sun and it became chilly
again.
193
22. MEMORY
It’s amazing how many memories we store up1 over the years.
Most of us don’t remember what we had for dinner in 2010 in the
evening of May 26thǡ but some longerǦterm memories can stick
with2 us forever because they somehow have tugged at3 our
heart and emotions. You look at on old photo and your thoughts
flash back4 to the day when your child made his or her first step.
You hear a school bell ring and it summons up5 lots of happy
memoriesǡ like your promǡ or stirs up6 some sad onesǡ like the
quarrel with your best friend. And a chance radio tune calls up7
the summer when you met your future spouse. Bad memories
hurt us while good ones make us happy. So it’s quite natural that
we tend to block out8 sad memories in order not to let them eat
away at9 us and cherish the good ones. But happy or sadǡ they
all come back10 one day.
1
store up
ː˃ˍ˃˒ˎˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˒ˑˏˋː˃˕˟
2
stick with
ːˈ ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ːˈ ˒ˑˍˋˇ˃˕˟Ǣ ˑ˔˕˃˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˍˈˏǦ
ˎˋ˄ˑ
3
tug at
˕˓ˑː˖˕˟ ȋ˚˟˩Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ ˔ˈ˓ˇ˙ˈ)
4
flash back
˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃˕˟˔ˢ ˍ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˏ˖
5
summon up
˅˞ˊ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟ ˅ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ
6
stir up
˅ˑ˓ˑ˛ˋ˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟ ˅ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ
7
call up
ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑ˄˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˢ
8
block out
˄ˎˑˍˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔˕ˈ˓ˈ˕˟ ˋˊ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ
194
22. MEMORY
9
eat away at
˒ˑ˔˕ˈ˒ˈːːˑ ˓˃ˊ˝ˈˇ˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊ˓˖˛˃˕˟ǡ ˆˎˑˇ˃˕˟
10
come back
˅˔˒ˑˏˋː˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ː˃ ˒˃ˏˢ˕˟
EXTRA EXAMPLES
block out sth / block sth out

It was a memory so terrible ʑˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˈ ˄˞ˎˑ ˕˃ˍˋˏ
that Liz tried to block it out. ˖ˉ˃˔ː˞ˏǡ ˚˕ˑ ʚˋˊ ˒ˑ˔˕˃˓˃Ǧ
ˎ˃˔˟ ˒˓ˑˆː˃˕˟ ˈˆˑ ˋˊ ˒˃Ǧ
ˏˢ˕ˋ.
call sth up
The smell of tangerines calls ʖ˃˒˃˘ ˏ˃ːˇ˃˓ˋːˑ˅ ː˃˒ˑˏˋ-
up New Year’s Day. ː˃ˈ˕ ˏːˈ ˑ ʜˑ˅ˑˏ ˆˑˇˈǤ
come back to sb.

His name won’t come back to ʮ ːˋˍ˃ˍ ːˈ ˏˑˆ˖ ˅˔˒ˑˏːˋ˕˟
me. ˈˆˑ ˋˏˢǤ
eat away at sb
He looked dispirited as if ʝː ˅˞ˆˎˢˇˈˎ ˖ˇ˓˖˚ˈːː˞ˏǡ
something was eating away ˍ˃ˍ ˄˖ˇ˕ˑ ˈˆˑ ˆˎˑˇ˃ˎˑ ˍ˃Ǧ
at him. ˍˑˈǦ˕ˑ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˈǤ
flash back to sb / sth
Her mind flashed back to her ʔˌ ˅˔˒ˑˏːˋˎ˃˔˟ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇːˢˢ
last trip to Paris. ˒ˑˈˊˇˍ˃ ˅ ʞ˃˓ˋˉǤ
stick with sb
This incident will stick with ʬ˕ˑ ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˈ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ ˔ˑ-
me forever. ˕˓ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋˊ ˏˑˈˌ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ.
stir sth up
Visiting my hometown stirred ʞ˓ˋˈˊˇ ˅ ˓ˑˇːˑˌ ˆˑ˓ˑˇ ˅ˑ˔-
up carefree times of my ˍ˓ˈ˔ˋˎ˅˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋˏˑˈ˄ˈˊˊ˃Ǧ
childhood. ˄ˑ˕ːˑˈ ˇˈ˕˔˕˅ˑǤ
195
PHRASAL VERBS
store up sth / store sth up
We store up loads of memories ʖ˃˔˅ˑˡˉˋˊː˟ˏ˞ː˃ˍ˃˒ˎˋ-
over life. ˅˃ˈˏˏːˑˉˈ˔˕˅ˑ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃Ǧ
ːˋˌǤ
summon up sth
The most ordinary events can ʠ˃ˏ˞ˈ ˑ˄˞˚ː˞ˈ ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˢ
summon up old memories. ˏˑˆ˖˕˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˔ˋ˕˟˅˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ
˔˕˃˓˞ˈ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˢǤ
tug at sb’s heart
This is a song that really tugs ʬ˕˃ ˒ˈ˔ːˢ ˇˈˌ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ
at your heart. ˕˓ˑˆ˃ˈ˕ ˔ˈ˓ˇ˙ˈǤ
PRACTICE
1. Memory is the quality of the mind to remember
conscious processesǡ and reproduce them later. UP
2. My mind suddenly remembered the day we
met. BACK TO
3. Seeing Nicole in that white dress made me
remember my wedding ceremony. UP
4. The lines Rita had forgotten wouldn’t return
to her memory. BACK TO
5. The photographs evoked some unpleasant
memories. UP
6. Visiting my old school brought into the mind
memories of my childhood. UP
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕˃˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ː˖ˉǦ

ːˑˌ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǡˋˏˈˡ˜ˋˏˋ˕ˑˉˈˊː˃˚ˈːˋˈǡ˚˕ˑˋ˗˓˃Ǧ
ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˅ ˔ˍˑ˄ˍ˃˘Ǥ
196
22. MEMORY
accumulate destroy
evoke forget
linger move
recall revive
Text 1
Among all the memories that I (1) _______ (have stored up)
over my ͺͲǦyearǦlong lifeǡ childhood memories are those that
(2) _______ (tug at) my heart most. I have few things left that
(3) _______ (summon up) those memoriesǡ just a couple of
family photos and an old teddy bear. Sometimes I just wish I
could visit my childhood to convince myself that it had been real.
Text 2
One of the best childhood memories that (4) _______ (will stick
with me) forever is that of my father taking me to the seashore.
We swan a lot and he taught me how to dig for clams. It was fun.
Every time I happen to be on the beach my mind (5) _______
(flashes back to) that day.
Text 3
My childhood memories (6) _______ (had been eating away
at) me till I (7) _______ (blocked out) those things. My father
never beat me but he had certain limitations that reduced my
childhood to misery. Every time I hear his voice on the phoneǡ it
(8) _______ (stirs up) all the distress of my childhood.
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ

ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌ atǡ awayǡ backǡ outǡ
up ˋˎˋ with.
1. Even if you try to block _______ certain memories they are
still damaging.
2. Fiona’s memory flashed _______ to the last time she saw
her sister alive.
3. I can’t remember her phone number at the momentǡ but
it’ll come _______ to me.
4. Kenneth summoned _______ teenǦage memories and his
interest in rap music.
197
PHRASAL VERBS
5. The happy childhood memories stick _______ us through
all our difficulties.
6. The sight of the kids playing in the yard tugged _______
Patty’s heart.
7. The song stirred _______ her romantic memories.
8. The story has called _______ an incident in my youth.
9. The weight of my betrayal sits heavy on my heart and it’s
been eating _______ at me for so long.
10. We should be conscious of the fact that our emotions are
stored _______ in our mind.
h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ˅˃˓ˋ˃ː˕ǡ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˌ˒ˑ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ˍ˒˓ˈˇǦ
ˎˑˉˈːˋˡǤ
1. As I walked the familiar streets that nightǡ the
impressions / memories of that day came back.
2. Dieting always summons up images/౮portraits of your
favourite dishes.
3. I could see that happiness/jealousy was eating away at
him.
4. It was an event that has stuck with me at once౮/for ages.
5. Seeing the little boy/elderly lady crying over the broken
toy tugged at my heart.
6. She stores up other people’s achievements/mistakes and
uses them against such people later.
7. The incident was so exciting/horrible that the child’s
memory has blocked it out.
8. The sight of him called up sad memories of her past/future.
9. The sight of the old park stirred childhood memories /
mementos.
10. Tina’s brain / mind flashed back to her prom.
h౮VǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ

˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞Ǥ
ʮ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ ˒˞˕˃ˎ˔ˢ ˔˕ˈ˓ˈ˕˟ ˋˊ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˢ
ˑ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˏǤ ʙ˃ˍˋˏˋ ˄˞ ˒˓ˋˢ˕ː˞ˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˄ˑˎˈˊːˈːː˞ˏˋ ˑː
ːˋ ˄˞ˎˋǡ ˑːˋ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇˢ˕ ˍˑ ˏːˈǡ ˕˓ˑˆ˃ˡ˕ ˏˑˈ
˔ˈ˓ˇ˙ˈ ˋˎˋ ˆˎˑˉ˖˕ ˏˈːˢǤ ʝːˋ ːˈ ˔˕ˋ˓˃ˡ˕˔ˢ ˋˊ ˏˑˈˌ ˒˃Ǧ
198
22. MEMORY
ˏˢ˕ˋ ˋ ˒ˑˇˇˈ˓ˉˋ˅˃ˡ˕ ˏˈːˢǤ ʑˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˢ ˑ ˏˑˈˌ ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˌ
ˎˡ˄˅ˋˋˑ˒ˈ˓˅ˑˏ˒˓ˈˇ˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˈ˅ˏˈ˔˕ˈ˔ˇ˓˖ˆˋˏˋ˔˚˃˔˕ˎˋǦ
˅˞ˏˋˋˆˑ˓˟ˍˋˏˋ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˢˏˋˏˑˈˌˉˋˊːˋː˃ˇˈˉːˑ˘˓˃ːˢ˕-
˔ˢ ˅ ˏˑˈˌ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋǤ
KEYS
h I.
1. Memory is the quality of the mind to store up conscious
processesǡ and reproduce them later.
2. My mind flashed back to the day we met.
3. Seeing Nicole in that white dress called up my wedding
ceremony.
4. The lines Rita had forgotten wouldn’t come back to her.
5. The photographs stirred up some unpleasant memories.
6. Visiting my old school summoned up memories of my
childhood.
h II.
1. have accumulated 5. recalls
2. move 6. had been destroying
3. revive 7. forgot
4. will linger 8. evokes
h III.
1 — out 5 — with 9 — away
2 — back 6 — at 10 — up
3 — back 7 — up
4 — up 8 — up
h IV.
1. memories 3. jealousy
2. images 4. for ages
199
PHRASAL VERBS
5. little boy 8. past
6. mistakes 9. memories
7. horrible 10. mind
h V.
I’ve never tried to block out the memories of the past. Pleasant
or painfulǡ they keep coming back to meǡ tugging at my heart
or eating away at me. They stick with me and keep me alive.
Memories of my first love and first betrayal along with other hap-
py or bitter experiences are safely stored up in my mind.
200
23. DESCRIBING
PLACES
Though the picturesque village of Grimentz stretches out1 only

300 meters at the end of the Valaisian Val d’Anniviersǡit’s steeped
in2 history and traditions. Grimentz has a population of only
about 400 peopleǡbut winter and summerǡthe village is bursting
with3 tourists who come there to soak up4 the atmosphere of
a veritable pictureǦbook village and participate in numerous folk
events.
A tour of the village reveals its harmonious townscape: mod-
ern chalet hotels blend in5 well with ancient houses and don’t
encroach on6 them. Innumerable window boxes with fiery red
geraniums decorate house windows and set off7 the uniqueness
of each building. The place is dotted with8 pleasant cafes where
you can taste the famous glacier wine and rye bread from the old
village bakery.
100 kilometers of biking and hiking trails branch off9 the village
and wind through the natural landscape of the valley.
All of these set Grimentz apart10 from other similar historic places
and make it a popular tourist attraction.
1
stretch out
ˋˏˈ˕˟ ˒˓ˑ˕ˢˉˈːˋˈǡ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˋ˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˓˃ːǦ
˔˕˅ˈ)
2
be steeped in
˒ˑˎː˞ˌǡ ˒˓ˑːˋˊ˃ːː˞ˌ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ ȋˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˈˌǡ
˕˓˃ˇˋ˙ˋˢˏˋ)
3
be bursting with
˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˎːˢ˕˟ǡ ˄˞˕˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˎːˈːː˞ˏ
4
soak up
˅˒ˋ˕˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟
201
PHRASAL VERBS
5
blend in
˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˆ˃˓ˏˑːˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟
6
encroach on
ː˃˓˖˛˃˕˟Ǣ ˕ˈ˔ːˋ˕˟ǡ ː˃˒ˑˎˊ˃˕˟
7
set off
˅˞ˇˈˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˅˞ˆˑˇːˑ ˒ˑˇ˚˩˓ˍˋ˅˃˕˟
8
be dotted with
˖˔ˈˢːː˞ˌ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˒ˑˎː˞ˌ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
9
branch off
ˑ˕ˇˈˎˢ˕˟˔ˢǢ ˑ˕˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˑ˕ ˆˎ˃˅ːˑˆˑ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˢǡ
ˑ˕˅ˈ˕˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ
10
set apart
ȋ˅˞ˆˑˇːˑȌ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚˃˕˟ ˑ˕ ˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘
EXTRA EXAMPLES
be bursting with sth

This street is bursting with ʬ˕˃ ˖ˎˋ˙˃ ˍ˓˖ˆˎˑ˔˖˕ˑ˚ːˑ
cars day and night. ˒ˑˎː˃ ˏ˃˛ˋːǤ
be dotted with sth

On Sundays the lake is dotted ʞˑ ˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˔ˈː˟ˢˏ ˑˊˈ˓ˑ ˖˔ˈ-
with boats. ˢːˑ ˎˑˇˍ˃ˏˋǤ
be steeped in
The abbey is steeped in ʬ˕ˑ˕ ˏˑː˃˔˕˞˓˟ ˒˓ˑːˋˊ˃ː
history and legends. ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˈˌ ˋ ˒ˑˎˑː ˎˈˆˈːˇǤ
blend in ȋwith) sth

The modern houses blend ʜˑ˅˞ˈ ˇˑˏ˃ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ ˆ˃˓-
in well with the surrounding ˏˑːˋ˓˖ˡ˕ ˔ ˑˍ˓˖ˉ˃ˡ˜ˋˏ
land. ˎ˃ːˇ˛˃˗˕ˑˏǤ
branch off
Then we took a little path ʞˑ˕ˑˏ ˏ˞ ˔˅ˈ˓ː˖ˎˋ ː˃ ˕˓ˑǦ
which branched off the main ˒ˋːˍ˖ǡˑ˕˘ˑˇˋ˅˛˖ˡˑ˕ˆˎ˃˅Ǧ
road. ːˑˌ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˋǤ
202
23. DESCRIBING PLACES
encroach on sth
Housing developments ʜˑ˅ˑ˔˕˓ˑˌˍˋ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃ˡ˕
continue to encroach on the ː˃˒ˑˎˊ˃˕˟ ː˃ «ˊˈˎˈː˞ˌ
green belt. ˒ˑˢ˔».
set sb ȋsth) apart / set apart sb ȋsth)

The university sets Oxford ʢːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚˃ˈ˕ ʝˍǦ
apart from hundreds of other ˔˗ˑ˓ˇ ˑ˕ ˔ˑ˕ˈː ˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘ ːˈǦ
English towns. ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋ˘ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋ˘ ˆˑ˓ˑǦ
ˇˑ˅Ǥ
set sth off

This blouse sets off the blue of ʬ˕˃ ˄ˎ˖ˊˍ˃ ˅˞ˆˑˇːˑ ˒ˑˇ-
her eyes. ˚ˈ˓ˍˋ˅˃ˈ˕ ˔ˋːˈ˅˖ ˈˈ ˆˎ˃ˊǤ
soak up sth / soak sth up

We come here every year ʛ˞ ˒˓ˋˈˊˉ˃ˈˏ ˔ˡˇ˃ ˍ˃ˉǦ
to soak up the wonderful ˇ˞ˌ ˆˑˇǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˅˒ˋ˕˃˕˟
atmosphere. ˅ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˠ˕˖ ˚˖ˇˈ˔ː˖ˡ ˃˕ˏˑ˔Ǧ
˗ˈ˓˖Ǥ
stretch out
This valley stretches out ʬ˕˃ ˇˑˎˋː˃ ˕ˢːˈ˕˔ˢ ˇˑ
towards the Ural Mountains. ʢ˓˃ˎ˟˔ˍˋ˘ ˆˑ˓Ǥ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋǦ

1. Designers want to ensure that the building _______ with
the landscape.
a. blends in
b. is bursting with
c. is dotted with
203
PHRASAL VERBS
2. I just enjoyed myself and _______ the atmosphere of the
seaside town.
a. blended in with b. encroached on c. soaked up
3. In August this seaside town is _______ holidaymakers.
a. dotted with b. bursting with c. blending in with
4. Numerous lanes _______ the main street and lead to the
coast.
a. stretch out b. branch off c. encroach on
5. The day was fine and the lake was _______ sailboats.
a. dotted with b. bursting with c. steeped in
6. The deserted beaches _______ as far as the eye can see.
a. branch off b. encroach on c. stretch out
7. The haircut _______ her beautiful neck.
a. sets apart b. sets off c. soaks up
8. The medieval spirit _______ ȋthis town) from similar
landmarks.
a. branches off b. sets off c. sets apart
9. They say that some of our household buildings _______ the
neighbor’s land.
a. encroach on b. blend in with c. soak up
10. Valle Blanche Ski Area is a French resort _______ alpine
tradition.
a. dotted with
b. blending in with
c. steeped in
h౮IIǤ ʑ˒ˋ˛ˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑǦ

a. tourists
1. ____________________ b. customers
c. visitors
204
a. history
2. ____________________ b. tradition
c. culture
a. the atmosphere
3. ____________________ b. information
c. knowledge
a. the neighbour’s land
4. ____________________ b. the territory
c. the surrounding fields
a. the surroundings
5. ____________________ b. the landscape
c. the scenery
a. houses
6. ____________________ b. cafes
c. shops
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ

Our destination is Veliko Turnovoǡ a small city that (1) _______
in the steep valley along the twisting Yantra River. Being the
historical capital of the Second Bulgarian Empireǡ the city (2)
_______ history and (3) _______ tourists attracted with its unique
architecture. Even as an ancient cityǡ Veliko Turnovo has modern
shops and hotels that (4) _______ ȋwell) medieval palaces and
churches. (5) _______ the romantic atmosphere of the Old Town
and Gourko Street with its numerous Revival Period houses. Built
steeply above the riverǡit seems as if they (6) _______ each oth-
er. The street (7) _______ the main street (8) _______ original
barsǡ cafesǡ and eateries.
The most glorious historical past in Bulgaria (9) _______ ȋVeliko
Turnovo) from other similar cities and makes it a popular tourist
destination.
205
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮IVǤ ʠˑˈˇˋːˋ˕ˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˑ ˋ ˍˑːˈ˙ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˌǡ ˊ˃˒ˑˎǦ
ːˋ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋǤ
1. Cities continue to
encroach … a. _______ olive trees.
2. Humans use language b. _______ for miles in each
which sets them … direction.
3. If you need to make small c. _______ to the left off
repairsǡ the patch should Cranberry Road.
blend … d. _______ from other ani-
4. On our trip you’ll have mals.
enough time to soak … e. _______ the rest of the
5. The coastal region around wallpaper.
Monemvasia is dotted … f. _______ wildlife habitats.
6. The green dress sets … g. _______ the local culture.
7. The guide talked about h. _______ secrets and mys-
the Castle as a place tery.
steeped … i. _______ her long red hair.
8. The shops are bursting … j. _______ customers during
9. The traffic jam stretched … endǦofǦseason sales.
10. We took a narrow lane
which branched …

ͳǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ˅˞˘ˑ˕ˋ˕ˈ˅˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˅˔ˈ˄ˢ˃˕ˏˑ˔˗ˈ˓˖˔˓ˈˇːˈ˅ˈˍˑǦ
˅ˑˌ ʏːˆˎˋˋǡ ˒ˑ˔ˈ˕ˋ˕ˈ ˊ˃ˏˑˍ ʚˋˇ˔ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˌ ˒˓ˑːˋˊ˃ː
˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˑˌ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˈˌ ˋ ˕˓˃ˇˋ˙ˋˢˏˋǤ
ʹǤ ʖ˃ ˏˑ˔˕ˑˏ ˑ˕ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˋ ˑ˕˅ˈ˕˅ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˕˓ˑ˒ˋːˍ˃ǡ ˅ˈˇ˖˜˃ˢ
˅ ˘ˑˎˏ˞Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʜ˃ ʟˑˉˇˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋː˞ ˒ˑˎː˞ ˈˎˑ˚ː˞˘ ˆˋ˓ˎˢːˇ
ˋ ˋˆ˓˖˛ˈˍǤ
ͶǤ ʜˑ˅˞ˌ ˉˋˎˑˌ ˍˑˏ˒ˎˈˍ˔ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ ˆ˃˓ˏˑːˋ˓˖ˈ˕ ˔ˑ ˔˕ˋǦ
ˎˈˏ ˔ˑ˔ˈˇːˋ˘ ˇˑˏˑ˅ ː˃ ˖ˎˋ˙ˈǤ
ͷǤ ʟ˃˅ːˋː˃ ˕ˢːˈ˕˔ˢ ˇˑ ˔˃ˏ˞˘ ʢ˓˃ˎ˟˔ˍˋ˘ ˆˑ˓Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʠˍˎˑː˞ ˆˑ˓˞ ˖˔ˈˢː˞ ˏ˃ˎˈː˟ˍˋˏˋ ˉˋ˅ˑ˒ˋ˔ː˞ˏˋ ˇˈǦ
˓ˈ˅˖˛ˍ˃ˏˋǤ
206
͹Ǥ ʥˋ˅ˋˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˢ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃ˈ˕ ː˃˔˕˖˒˃˕˟ ː˃ ˊ˃˒ˑ˅ˈˇːˋˍˋǤ
ͺǤ ʧ˃˓˗ˋˍ ˒ˑˇ˚ˈ˓ˍˋ˅˃ˈ˕ ˈˈ ˆˑˎ˖˄˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃Ǥ
ͻǤ ʬ˕ˑ˕ ˓ˈ˔˕ˑ˓˃ː ˑ˕ˎˋ˚˃ˈ˕ ˋˏˈːːˑ ˕˓˃ˇˋ˙ˋˑːː˃ˢ ˃ːǦ
ˆˎˋˌ˔ˍ˃ˢ ˍ˖˘ːˢǤ
KEYS
h I.
1 — a 5 — a 9—a
2 — c 6 — c 10 — c
3 — b 7 — b
4 — b 8 — c
h II.
1. be bursting with 4. to encroach on
2. be steeped in 5. to blend in with
3. to soak up 6. be dotted with
h III.
1. stretches out
2. is steeped in
3. is bursting with
4. blend in well with
5. Soak up
6. encroach on
7. branches off
8. dotted with
9. sets Veliko Turnovo apart
h IV.
1 — on — f 4 — up — g
2 — apart — d 5 — with — a
3 — in with — e 6 — off — i
207
PHRASAL VERBS
7 — in — h 9 — out — b
8 — with — j 10 — off — c
h V.
1. If you want to soak up the atmosphere of medieval Eng-
landǡvisit the Leeds Castle which is steeped in English his-
tory and traditions.
2. Over the bridge the road branched off to the hills.
3. At Christmas time shops are bursting with Christmas lights
and ornaments.
4. The new block of flats blends in well with the style of the
other houses in the street.
5. The plain stretches out towards the Ural Mountains.
6. The sides of the mountain are dotted with small pictur-
esque villages.
7. Civilization keeps encroaching on nature reserves.
8. The scarf sets off her blue eyes.
9. It is the traditional British cuisine that sets this restaurant
apart.
208
24. MONEY MATTERS
Dear Rogerǡ
We are just back from our trip to Mexico! It was amazingǡ but
set us back1 ̈́ͶǡͲͲͲǨ You knowǡ we had been putting aside2
regularlyǡbut still we had to break into3 our savings. Mexico was
full of attractions and we ran through4 some ̈́ͳǡͲͲͲ without
noticing it! Those gift shops really ripped us off5! We had to fork
out6 for souvenirs for all of Jane’s auntsǡ unclesǡ and cousins!
Our days were so packed out that we didn’t have time to shop
around7ǡ so all we could do was try and knock off8 a couple of
dollars here and there. Jane did really well. I should never have
thought that she was so good at bargaining! Anywayǡwe’re a bit
hard up now. So I was just wondering if you could lend us some
three hundred dollars. We’ll square up9 with you next month.
I guess Jane’s would cough up10 if we asked themǡ but I’d rather
we didn’t
Mel
1
set back
˔˕ˑˋ˕˟ǡ ˑ˄˘ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ
2
put aside
ˑ˕ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃˕˟ ˇˈː˟ˆˋ ȋ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ːˑ)
3
break into
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˕˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ȋˇˈː˟ˆˋǡ ˔˄ˈ˓ˈˉˈːˋˢȌ
4
run through
˒˓ˑˏˑ˕˃˕˟ ȋˇˈː˟ˆˋ)
5
rip off
ˊ˃˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃˕˟ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˅˞˔ˑˍ˖ˡ ˙ˈː˖ǡ ˑ˄ˇˋ˓˃˕˟
6
fork out
˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ
7
shop around
˘ˑˇˋ˕˟˒ˑˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋː˃ˏȋ˅˒ˑˋ˔ˍ˃˘ː˃ˋˎ˖˚˛ˈˌ˙ˈː˞)
209
PHRASAL VERBS
8
knock off
˔˄˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˔ːˋˉ˃˕˟ ȋ˙ˈː˖)
9
square up
˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓˃˔˔˚ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ
10
cough up
˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
break into sth

In order to pay for his mother’s ʓˎˢ ˕ˑˆˑ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑ˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟
operationǡ he had to break ˑ˒ˈ˓˃˙ˋˡ ˏ˃˕ˈ˓ˋǡ ˈˏ˖ ˒˓ˋǦ
into his savings. ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˊ˃ˎˈˊ˕˟ ˅ ˔˅ˑˋ ˔˄ˈ-
˓ˈˉˈːˋˢ.
cough up
Come on! Cough up! It’s your ʓ˃˅˃ˌǡ ˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈˎˋ˅˃ˌ˔ˢ!
turn to pay. ʡ˅ˑˢ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇ˟ ˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟Ǥ
fork out sth

I had to fork out $500 for a ʛːˈ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈ-
burglar alarm. ˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ː˃ ͷͲͲ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅ ː˃
ˑ˘˓˃ːː˖ˡ ˔ˋˆː˃ˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˡǤ
knock off sth / knock sth off

If you take both cupsǡ I’ll ʔ˔ˎˋ ˅˞ ˅ˑˊ˟ˏˈ˕ˈ ˑ˄ˈ ˚˃˛Ǧ
knock $3 off. ˍˋǡ ˢ ˔ˍˋː˖ ˕˓ˋ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓˃Ǥ
put aside sth / put sth aside

I’m trying to put a little aside ʙ˃ˉˇ˞ˌ ˏˈ˔ˢ˙ ˢ ˔˕˃˓˃ˡ˔˟
each month for a new coat. ˒ˑːˈˏːˑˆ˖ ˑ˕ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃˕˟ ː˃
ːˑ˅˖ˡ ˛˖˄˖Ǥ
rip sb off / rip off sb

The auto repair shop really ʑ˃˅˕ˑˏ˃˔˕ˈ˓˔ˍˑˌˏˈːˢ˒˓˃ˍǦ
ripped me off. ˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ ˑ˄ˑ˄˓˃ˎˋ.
210
24. MONEY MATTERS
run through sth
Grace ran through a lot of ʜ˃ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˌ ːˈˇˈˎˈ ʒ˓ˈˌ˔
money last week. ˒ˑ˕˓˃˕ˋˎ˃ ˍ˖˚˖ ˇˈːˈˆǤ
set sb back
The new dress set me back ʜˑ˅ˑˈ ˒ˎ˃˕˟ˈ ˑ˄ˑ˛ˎˑ˔˟
$200! ˏːˈ ˅ ˇ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅Ǩ
shop around
If you had shopped around ʔ˔ˎˋ ˄˞ ˕˞ ˔ː˃˚˃ˎ˃ ˒ˑ˘ˑ-
you could have got the phone ˇˋˎ ˒ˑ ˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋː˃ˏǡ ˕ˑ ˏˑˆ
a lot cheaper. ˄˞ ˍ˖˒ˋ˕˟ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑː ˆˑ˓˃ˊˇˑ
ˇˈ˛ˈ˅ˎˈǤ
square up
I’ll square up when I get my ʮ ˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˚˖˔˟ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˒ˑˎ˖˚˖
next pay cheque. ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜˖ˡ ˊ˃˓˒ˎ˃˕˖Ǥ
PRACTICE

1. break into a. spend a lot of money on something
2. cough up b. try to find the best priceǡ qualityǡ
dealǡ etc. by comparing what various
different shops or companies are offer-
ing
3. fork out c. save money regularly
4. knock off d. cost someone a lot of money
5. put aside e. use up or spend money carelessly
6. square up f. pay money for somethingǡ especially
when you don’t want to
7. rip off g. start to use money that you have
been saving
8. run through h. pay someone money that you owe
them
211
PHRASAL VERBS
9. set back i. cheat someone by making them pay
much more than the usual price for
something
10. shop around j. reduce a price by a particular amount
h౮IIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃Ǧ

ːˋˈ ˔ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑˏǤ
1. break into 3. rip off
a. purse a. credit cards
b. cash b. customers
c. savings c. investments
2. cough up 4. run through
a. money a. wages
b. price b. income
c. costs c. $500
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖

˅ ː˃ˋ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈˌ ˔˕ˈ˒ˈːˋ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅˖ˡ˕ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːǦ
ː˞ˏ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏǤ
1. Can you square up with the waiterǫ
a. pay the bill b. cash the bill c. take the bill
2. I prefer not to break into my savings unless I have to.
a. stop to use b. start to use c. have
3. If you shop around you can get the laptop a lot cheaper.
a. compare the quality of goods in several shops
b. compare the range of goods in several shops
c. compare the price in several shops
4. She needs a loan as she has run through a lot of money
lately.
a. earned b. wasted c. made
5. Some taxi drivers try to rip tourists off.
a. overcharge b. undercharge c. give a fair price
212
24. MONEY MATTERS
6. This fur coat set me back over £2000.
a. earned b. brought c. cost
7. Wholesalers usually knock something off the price if the
buyer collects the merchandise himself.
a. reduce the price
b. increase the price
c. freeze the price
8. You should always put something aside for a rainy day.
a. spend b. save c. borrow
9. You’ll have to cough up around £639 for the new 128GB
iPad5.
a. pay eagerly
b. pay quickly
c. pay with reluctance

1. dinner / will / will / for / up / and / later / the / I / you / square/
pay.
2. shopping / travel / It / worth / best / around / deal / for / is /
the / agencies.
3. wife / give / run / much / easily / can / through / as / as / My /
I / her.
4. puts / £100 / month / next / Ruth / holiday / a / for / at /
aside / her / year’s / least.
5. to / to / Sam / had / into / costs / savings / his / pay / the /
break / repair.
6. just / new / The / country / is / off / government / ripping / the.
7. make / salesman / attractive / off / to / to / knock / £20 / The /
more / the / agreed / price.
8. Valentino / her / dress / must / back / authentic / have /
cocktail / set / ThisȀͳͲǡͲͲͲ̀Ǥ
9. have / visit / cough / the / toȀͳͳͲ̀Ȁto / You / Moulin / up /
Rouge.
213
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮V. ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ
ͳǤ ʑ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˏ ˆˑˇ˖ ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˊ˃ˎˈˊ˕˟ ˅ ˏˑˋ ˔˄ˈ˓ˈǦ
ˉˈːˋˢǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑ˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˔˅˃ˇ˟˄˖ ˇˑ˚ˈ˓ˋǤ
ʹǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˅ˑˊ˟ˏˈ˕ˈ ˇ˅ˈ ˅ˈ˜ˋǡ ˢ ˔ˍˋː˖ ˇˈ˔ˢ˕˟ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʙ˃ˍ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˖ˇ˃ˎˑ˔˟ ˒ˑ˕˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˕˃ˍ ˏːˑˆˑ ˇˈːˈˆ ˅˔ˈˆˑ ˊ˃
ˇ˅˃ˇːˢǫʡ˅ˑˋ˅˞˘ˑˇː˞ˈ˅ˍ˓˖ˆ˖˔ˈˏ˟ˋˑ˄ˑ˛ˎˋ˔˟ˏːˈ
˅ ˒ˢ˕˟ ˕˞˔ˢ˚ ˗˖ː˕ˑ˅Ǩ
ͶǤ ʛːˈ ː˖ˉːˑ ˑ˕ˎˑˉˋ˕˟ ͵ͲͲ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅ ː˃ ˒ˑ˚ˋːˍ˖ ˍ˓˃Ǧ
ːˑ˅Ǥ
ͷǤ ʜˈ ˒ˑˍ˖˒˃ˌ ːˋ˚ˈˆˑ ˅ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˔˖˅ˈːˋ˓ːˑˏ ˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋːˈǡ ˑːˋ
˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˑ˄ˇˋ˓˃ˡ˕ ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕ˑ˅ ˍ˃ˍ ˎˋ˒ˍ˖Ǥ ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˒˓ˑˌ-
ˇˈˏ˔ˢ ˒ˑ ˄ˎˋˉ˃ˌ˛ˋˏ ˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋː˃ˏ ˋ ˒ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˋˏǡ ˆˇˈ
ˎ˖˚˛ˈ ˙ˈː˞Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʡ˞ ˇˑˎˉˈː ˏːˈ ˇ˅˃ˇ˙˃˕˟ ˄˃ˍ˔ˑ˅Ǥ ʓ˃˅˃ˌǡ ˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈˎˋ-
˅˃ˌ˔ˢǨ Ȅ ʓ˃ˌ ˏːˈ ˈ˜ˈ ːˈˇˈˎˡǤ ʮ ˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˚˖˔˟ǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃
˒ˑˎ˖˚˖ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜˖ˡ ˊ˃˓˒ˎ˃˕˖Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
1 — g 5 — c 9—d
2 — f 6 — h 10 — b
3 — a 7 — i
4 — j 8 — e
h౮II.
1—c 3—b
2—a 4—c
h III.
1—a 4—b 7—a
2—b 5—a 8—b
3—c 6—c 9—c
214
24. MONEY MATTERS
h IV.
1. I’ll pay for the dinner and you will square up later.
2. It’ is worth shopping around travel agencies for the best
deal.
3. My wife can easily run through as much as I give her.
4. Ruth puts at least £100 a month aside for her next year’s
holiday.
5. Sam had to break into his savings to pay the repair costs.
6. The new government is just ripping off the country.
7. The salesman agreed to knock off £20 to make the price
more attractive.
8. This authentic Valentino cocktail dress must have set her
back ͳͲǡͲͲͲ̀Ǥ
9. You have to cough up ͳͳͲ̀ to visit the Moulin Rouge.
h V.
1. Last year I had to break into my savings to pay for my
daughter’s wedding.
2. I’ll knock off $10 if you buy two of them.
3. How did you manage to run through so much money in
just two daysǫ Your family weekend has set me back over
£5000!
4. I need to put aside $300 for the taps to be fixed.
5. Don’t buy anything at this gift shopǡ they just rip off tour-
ists. Let’s shop around for the best price.
6. You owe me twenty bucks. Come onǡ cough up! — Give
me another week. I’ll square up when I get my next pay
cheque.
215
25. EXCLAMATIONS
AND WARNINGS
Carol: Do you mind if I ask you somethingǡ Rachelǫ

Rachel: Come on1! Fire away2!
Sid: I think everything is clear now that …

Fred: Hold on3! I haven’t finished yet.
Colin: She’s been blaǦblaing the whole hour! Just shut her
down!
Cheryl: Steady on4ǡ this is a public meeting.
Terry: Do you hear Don has been put in prison for

speedingǫ
Neal: Oh come on5ǡdon’t talk rubbish! I saw him the other
day riding his bike.
Vera: It was my favourite cup and you just smashed it to

into smithereens!
Matt: Ohǡlighten up6ǡwill youǫI didn’t mean it! I’ll get you
another oneǡ darling.
Amy: LookǡI really don’t want toǡbutǡerǡit’s all about your

husband.
Linda: Ohǡyou are beating about the bush again! Come on!
Spit it out7!
Mr Green: It’s the third time you’ve been late this weekǡ Randy!
Didn’t I warn you yesterdayǫ
216
25. EXCLAMATIONS AND WARNINGS
Randy: I’m terribly sorryǡMr Greenǡbut I got stuck in a traffic
jam.
Mr Green: Come off it8ǡ Randyǡ I don’t believe you any more.
You are fired!
Sara: My computer keeps shutting down by itself to a full

power off. I thought software could be an issueǡ but
it’s OK.
Ahmed: Hang about9 — it sounds like it is overheating! Let’s
remove the cover and see.
Sara: Look out10! The lamp!

Ahmed: Ouch! That hurts!
1
Come on!
ʜ˖ǡ ˇ˃˅˃ˌǨȀʑ˒ˈ˓ˈˇǨ ȋ˒ˑˑ˜˓ˈːˋˈ)
2
Fire away!
ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˔˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃ˌǨ ȋ˒ˑˑ˜˓ˈːˋˈ)
3
Hold on!
ʞˑˆˑˇˋǨȀʞˑˇˑˉˇˋǨ ȋ˖ˇˋ˅ˎˈːˋˈǡ ˊ˃ˏˈ˛˃˕ˈˎ˟Ǧ
˔˕˅ˑ)
4
Steady on!
ʢ˔˒ˑˍˑˌ˔ˢǨ
5
Come on!
ʐ˓ˑ˔˟ǨȀʓ˃ ˎ˃ˇːˑ ˕ˈ˄ˈǨ ȋːˈˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋˈ)
6
Lighten up!
ʢ˔˒ˑˍˑˌ˔ˢǨȀʝ˔˕˞ː˟ǨȀʜˈ ˄ˈ˓ˋ ˅ ˆˑˎˑ˅˖Ǩ
7
Spit it out!
ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˅˞ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˌǨȀʙˑˎˋ˔˟ǨȀʑ˃ˎˢˌǨ ȋ˒ˑˑ˜˓ˈǦ
ːˋˈ)
8
Come off it!
ʓ˃ ˄˓ˑ˔˟ ˕˞ǨȀʤ˅˃˕ˋ˕ ˕˓ˈ˒˃˕˟˔ˢǨ ȋːˈˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋˈ)
9
Hang about!
ʞˑˇˑˉˇˋǨȀʞˑˆˑˇˋǨ ȋˑˊ˃˓ˈːˋˈǡ ˖ˇ˃˚ː˃ˢ ˋˇˈˢ)
10
Look out!
ʝ˔˕ˑ˓ˑˉːˈˈǨȀʐˈ˓ˈˆˋ˔˟Ǩ ȋ˒˓ˈˇ˖˒˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˈ)
217
PHRASAL VERBS
EXTRA EXAMPLES
come off it!

Come off itǡ Willie! Of what ʤ˅˃˕ˋ˕ ˕˓ˈ˒˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ʑˋˎˎˋǨ
you say we don’t believe a ʛ˞ ːˈ ˅ˈ˓ˋˏ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ːˋ ː˃
tithe! ˆ˓ˑ˛Ǩ
come on!
Come onǡ boy! You can do it! ʜ˖ ˇ˃˅˃ˌǡ ˏ˃ˎ˞˛Ǩ ʢ ˕ˈ˄ˢ
˅˔ˈ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋ˕˔ˢǨ
Ohǡ come onǡ Greg! Jade ʓ˃ ˎ˃ˇːˑ ˕ˈ˄ˈǡ ʒ˓ˈˆǨ ʓˉˈˌˇ
wouldn’t say that. ˕˃ˍˑˆˑ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ˄˞ ːˈ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃Ǧ
ˎ˃Ǥ
fire away!
“Fire awayǡǳ Jenna said. «ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˔˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃ˌ»ǡ ˔ˍ˃ˊ˃Ǧ
ˎ˃ ʓˉˈːː˃Ǥ
hang about!
Hang about! Let’s try it this ʞˑˆˑˇˋǨ ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˄˖ˈˏ
way. ˅ˑ˕ ˕˃ˍǤ
hold on!
Hold on! Who’s EvelynǫI don’t ʞˑˆˑˇˋǨ ʙ˕ˑ ˕˃ˍ˃ˢ ʬ˅ˈˎˋːǫ
remember her. ʮ ˈˈ ːˈ ˒ˑˏːˡǤ
lighten up!
It’s just a gameǡBarry. Lighten ʝ˔˕˞ː˟ǡ ʐ˃˓˓ˋǨ ʬ˕ˑ ˅˔ˈˆˑ
up! ˎˋ˛˟ ˋˆ˓˃Ǥ
look out!
Look out! The cups are hot. ʝ˔˕ˑ˓ˑˉːˈˈǨ ʦ˃˛ˍˋ ˆˑ˓ˢǦ
˚ˋˈǤ
spit it out!
Don’t be shyǡ Danny. Spit it ʓ˃˅˃ˌ˅˞ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˌǡʓˠːːˋǨ
out! ʜˈ ˔˕ˈ˔ːˢˌ˔ˢǤ
218
steady on!
Steady onǡ Howard! You are ʢ˔˒ˑˍˑˌ˔ˢǡ ʒˑ˅˃˓ˇǨ ʡ˞ ˔ˈˌǦ
talking about my wife! ˚˃˔ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˛˟ ˑ ˏˑˈˌ ˉˈːˈǨ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˢˏˈˉˇ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃Ǧ
ˏˋˋˊ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ˕ˈˏ˞ˋˇ˃ːː˞ˏˋ˅˞˔ˍ˃ˊ˞˅˃ːˋˢˏˋǤ
ʑ ːˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞˘ ˔ˎ˖˚˃ˢ˘ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉː˞ ʹ ˅˃˓ˋ˃ː˕˃Ǥ
1. Be careful!
2. Don’t be so serious!
3. Hurry up! Say it!
4. Mind your words!
5. Pull yourself together!
6. Speak without hesitation!
7. Stop trying to fool me!
8. Wait a moment!

˅ ː˖ˉːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈ
1. Grace began asking me leading questions and I told her
to _______ away.
2. _______ about! Where did Ken get all this money fromǫ
3. _______ on — what money are you talking aboutǫ
4. _______ out! There’s a car coming towards us!
5. Ohǡ _______ off it! You can’t be serious saying that you
didn’t know anything about his arrival.
6. Ohǡ_______ up! We didn’t mean to hurt youǡit was only a
joke.
7. _______ it outǡ Neil! Who did itǫ Who broke the vaseǫ
8. _______ onǡyou two! I don’t need a fight in my restaurant.
9. This task is too difficult for me. _______ onǡyou can do it!
219
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˇˋ˃ˎˑˆ˃˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ
˒ˑ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋˋˊ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
1. Jane: Ohǡ_______! I’ve just found Tina’s home phone num-
ber.
Tom: Good! We don’t have to ring the directory enquiries
then!
2. Ken: It serves him bloody well right! Next time he won’t
poke his nose into our business!
Ted: _______ǡ Ken! We are in a public place.
3. Roger: Wellǡ I did write several books but …
Louis: _______ǡ Rogerǡ don’t be overmodest. They sell like
hot cakes.
4. Nikki: I’ve been working real hard these days!
Tanya: Doing whatǫ Workingǫ Ohǡ _______! You haven’t
done a day’s work in your life!
5. Pat: So they hit him on the head and pushed him out
of the window! And then …
Liz: _______ǡ Pat! You mean to say it wasn’t a suicide af-
ter allǫ
6. Ruth: And then she pushed me and I spilt the coffee onto
Mt Salem’s table! He flew into a rage and promised
to fire me!
Marry: _______ǡ Ruth! It’ll turn out all right.
7. Ann: Honeyǡ you’ve been speeding again. Will you slow
down a bit!
Bill: You know how much I hate it when you bither me
while I’m …
Ann: _______ǡ Bill! That car’s pilling up!
h౮IVǤ ʝ˕˓ˈ˃ˆˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ː˃ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˈ ˔ˋ˕˖˃˙ˋˋǡ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ

ˎˈˍ˔ˋˍ˖ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
What would you say:

1. to a friend of yours who states that he is a better tennis
player than you — and you have won this year’s school
tennis tournament;
220
2. to encourage your friend to tell you something that he is
too embarrassed to say;
3. to signal to someone that you are ready to answer all
of their questions;
4. to tell someone not to take their loss in a race too close to
heart;
5. to tell your friend that you have just noticed some
discrepancy in his story;
6. to warn someone not to express their opinion too rudely;
7. to a child who is about to cross a busy road without looking
left or right.

1. ʤ˅˃˕ˋ˕ ˕˓ˈ˒˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˒˓ˋˢ˕ˈˎ˟ǡ ːˈ ˏˑˉˈ˕ ˄˞˕˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞
˕˞ ːˈ ˔ˎ˞˛˃ˎ ˠ˕˖ ˛˖˕ˍ˖ ˓˃ː˟˛ˈǤ
2. ʓ˃ˎ˃ˇːˑ˕ˈ˄ˈǨʡˑˎ˟ˍˑ˓ˈ˄ˈːˑˍ˒ˑ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕˅˕˃ˍ˖ˡˋ˔˕ˑǦ
˓ˋˡǨ
3. «ʛ˃˓˕ˋːǡ ˕˞ ːˈ ˅ˑˊ˓˃ˉ˃ˈ˛˟ǡ ˈ˔ˎˋ ˢ ˖ ˕ˈ˄ˢ ˍˑˈǦ˚˕ˑ
˔˒˓ˑ˛˖ǫ» «ʓ˃˅˃ˌǡ ʓˠˌ˅ǡ ˔˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃ˌ».
4. ʞˑˆˑˇˋǨ ʟ˃ˊ˅ˈ ˠ˕ˑ ːˈ ˕˅ˑˢ ˔ˈ˔˕˓˃ ˔˕ˑˋˏ ˅ˑː ˕˃ˏǫ
5. ʟ˃˔˔ˎ˃˄˟˔ˢ ːˈˏːˑˆˑǡ ʬˎˎ˃Ǥ ʬ˕ˑ ːˈ ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔ ˉˋˊːˋ
ˋ ˔ˏˈ˓˕ˋǤ
6. ʓ˃˅˃ˌǡ ʡˋˏǡ ˅˞ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˌǡ ˚˕ˑ ˕˃ˏ ˖ ˕ˈ˄ˢǨ ʮ ːˈ ˏˑˆ˖
ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˕ˈ˄ˢ ˙ˈˎ˞ˌ ˇˈː˟Ǥ
7. ʏ ː˖ ˘˅˃˕ˋ˕ǡ ˓ˈ˄ˢ˕˃Ǩ ʑ˞ ˅ ˑ˄˜ˈ˔˕˅ˈːːˑˏ ˏˈ˔˕ˈǨ
ͺǤ ʡˈ˄ˈˎ˖˚˛ˈ˒ˑˑ˔˕ˈ˓ˈ˚˟˔ˢǡʐˑ˄Ǩʖ˃˕ˑ˄ˑˌ˔ˎˈˇˋ˕ˍ˃ˍˑˌǦ
˕ˑ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǤ
KEYS
h I.
1. Look out!
2. Lighten up!
3. Spit it out!
4. Steady on!
221
PHRASAL VERBS
5. Come on!
6. Fire away!
7. Come off it! / Come on!
8. Hang about! / Hold on!
h II.
1. fire 4. Look 7. Spit
2. Hang 5. Come 8. Steady
3. Hold 6. lighten 9. Come
h III.
1. hang about 5. Hang on / Hold on
2. steady on 6. Lighten up
3. come on 7. Look out
4. come off it / come on
h IV.
1. Come off it! / Come on! 5. Hang on! / Hold on!
2. Spit it out! 6. Steady on!
3. Fire away! 7. Look out!
4. Lighten up!
h V.
1. Come off it/Come onǡ manǡ you can’t have failed to hear
that joke before.
2. Come on! / Come off it! Only a child would believe a story
like that!
3. “Do you mind if I ask you somethingǡ Martinǫǳ ǲFire awayǡ
DaveǤǳ
4. Hold on!/Hang about! Isn’t that your sister standing over
thereǫ
5. You need to lighten up a bitǡ Ella. It’s not a matter of life
or death.
6. Come onǡ spit it outǡ Tim! I haven’t got all day.
7. Steady onǡ guysǡ you are in a public place!
8. You’d better watch outǡ Bob! There’s some guy following
you.
222
REVISION 21—25

˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊ˞Ǥ
1. As the excursion was rained off the tourists had to …
a. put on their rain coats
b. wait for the rain to stop
c. return to the hotel
2. As the street was dotted with small cafes we …
a. easily found a place to have coffee
b. had difficulty finding a place to have coffee
c. couldn’t find a place to have coffee
3. I managed to knock $20 off the original price of $375. So
finally I paid only …
a. $375.20 b. $395 c. $355
4. I think Patsy needs to lighten up a bit. She’s …
a. too serious b. too heavy c. too dark
5. I told Jill to fire away so she …
a. shot at me
b. asked me her question
c. made a fire
6. If a passerǦby shouts “Look outǨǳ at youǡ it’s because you
are …
a. about to get hurt
b. staring at him
c. irritating him
223
PHRASAL VERBS
7. Matt felt he’d been ripped off when he was charged $50 for
a five minutes’ ride. He thought the taxi driver had charged
him …
a. too much b. too little c. a fair amount
8. Something was obviously eating away at Cheryl as she
looked …
a. excited b. worried c. unconcerned
9. The sound of the ambulance siren screaming stirred up a
lot of …
a. funny memories
b. pleasant memories
c. bad memories
10. The town is steeped in history so there are many …
a. historical personalities there
b. historical monuments there
c. historical tendencies there
11. When the sun broke throughǡ the kids …
a. slipped out of their coats
b. put on their coats
c. put up umbrellas
1. Be reasonableǡ Tony! You’re talking to your
boss! ON
2. Forecasters are predicting that the northern
wind will increase during the next week. UP
3. Go to a Montmartre cafeǡ order coffeeǡ
and spend some time experiencing and
enjoying the atmosphere. UP
4. Her words will remain in my memory for the
rest of my life. WITH
5. I didn’t feel like spending a lot of moneyon
an expensive meal so I decided to eat in. OUT
224
REVISION 21—25
6. It didn’t take Max even a year to exhaust by
wasteful spending all the money he had
inherited from his aunt. THROUGHG
7. Krakov’s Rynek Glowny is full of tourists
in summer. WITH
8. Now that I’m fortyǡI think I should start saving
some money regularly for my retirement. ASIDE
9. The rain clouds overhead has covered the sun. OUT
10. The rising seas are gradually advancing to
cover more of seaside territories. ON

˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːǦ
a. _______ (to make c. _______ (to make

something or someone something look more
different and special) attractive by being
different from them)
1. to set
b. _______ (to cost
d. _______ (to begin
a person a particular
and seem likely to
amount of money,
continue for a long
especially a large
time)
amount)
a. _______ (to start to spend b. _______ (to be able to see

money that you did not want the sun as it has appeared
to spend) from behind the clouds)
2. to break
a. _______ (to start to be b. _______ (to start to fall —

remembered again) about rain or snow)
3. to come
225
PHRASAL VERBS
This picture of the church of Santa Maria la Salute (1) _______
my two days’ trip to Venice. I (2) _______ for this trip for over a
year and even had to break into my savingsǡbut it was definitely
worth the money.
The city center (3) _______ tourists eager to visit the Ponte Ri-
alto and St Marco’s Square. It almost deafened me with noise
and astounded with prices that would (4) _______ several hun-
dred quids a day. As I wasn’t flush with moneyǡI resented having
(5) _______ around ͶͲ̀ for a hostel bedǡ ͳͲ̀ for a micromave-
able lasagna and Ͷ̀ for an espresso.
It was then that I discovered the Dorsoduro. It’s a student area
(6) _______ bars and cafes offering traditional Venetian cuisine
at reasonable prices. Charming old buildings (7) _______ one an-
other and canals (8) _______ the Squero di San Trovasoǡa beau-
tiful dockyardǡ make the Dorsoduro an ideal area (9) _______
the atmosphere of a veritable Venice. Even the drizzling rain that
(10) _______ towards evening didn’t break the spell of the place.
The time I spent in the Dorsoduro gave me an absolutely different
view on Venice and (11) _______ me forever.

ͳǤ ʒ˓ˑˊ˃ ː˃˚˃ˎ˃˔˟ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈːːˑ ːˈˑˉˋˇ˃ːːˑǡ ˋ ːˈ ˄˞ˎˑ
ːˋ ˏ˃ˎˈˌ˛ˈˆˑ ˛˃ː˔˃ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː˃ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ ˒˓ˈˍ˓˃˕ˋ˕˔ˢǤ ʞˑǦ
ˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ː˃ ͷͲ ˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅ǡ
˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˇˑ˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˇˑˏˑˌ ː˃ ˕˃ˍ˔ˋǤ
ʹǤ ʙ˃ˉˇ˃ˢ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˚˃ ˔ ˏˑˋˏ ˄˞˅˛ˋˏ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˏ ʓˉˈˌˍˑˏ ˅˞-
ˊ˞˅˃ˈ˕ ˍ˓˃ˌːˈ ːˈ˒˓ˋˢ˕ː˞ˈ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˢǤ ʝˇː˃ˉˇ˞
ˏːˈ ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˊ˃ˎˈˊ˕˟ ˅ ˔˄ˈ˓ˈˉˈːˋˢ ː˃˛ˈˌ ˔ˈˏ˟ˋǡ
˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˊ˃ːˢ˕˟ ˈˏ˖ ˍ˓˖ˆˎˈː˟ˍ˖ˡ ˔˖ˏˏ˖ǡ˃ˑːːˈˊ˃˘ˑ˕ˈˎ
˔ˑ ˏːˑˌ ˓˃˔˔˚ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ.
͵Ǥ ʟˢˇˑˏ˔˒ˑ˒˖ˎˢ˓ː˞ˏˋ˕˖˓ˋ˔˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˏˋˇˑ˔˕ˑ˒˓ˋˏˈ˚˃Ǧ
˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕ˢˏˋ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˒ˑˎːˑ ˒˖˕ˈ˛ˈ˔˕˅ˈːːˋˍˑ˅ ˔ˑ ˅˔ˈǦ
ˆˑ ˏˋ˓˃Ǥ ʞ˓ˑːˋˊ˃ːː˞ˈ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˈˌ ˋ ˕˓˃ˇˋ˙ˋˢˏˋǡ ˑːˋ
˅˔ˈˆˇ˃ ˕˓ˑˆ˃ˡ˕ ˅˃˛ˈ ˔ˈ˓ˇ˙ˈ.
226
REVISION 21—25
4. ʢ˔˒ˑˍˑˌ˔ˢǡ ˇˑ˓ˑˆ˃ˢǨ ʙ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˇˑˉˇ˟ ːˈː˃ˇˑˎˆˑ.
ʠˍˑ˓ˑ ˓˃˔˒ˑˆˑˇˋ˕˔ˢǡ ˋ ˖ ː˃˔ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ ˇˑ˔˕˃˕ˑ˚ːˑ ˅˓ˈǦ
ˏˈːˋǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˅˒ˋ˕˃˕˟ ˅ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˃˕ˏˑ˔˗ˈ˓˖ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˊ˃ˏˈ˚˃Ǧ
˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˆˑ ˆˑ˓ˑˇˍ˃Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
ͳ Ȅ ˔ 5 — b 9—c
2—a 6 — a 10 — b
͵ Ȅ ˔ 7 — a 11 — a
4—a 8 — b
h II.
1. Steady onǡ Tony! You’re talking to your boss!
2. Forecasters are predicting that the northern wind will pick
up during the next week.
3. Go to a Montmartre cafeǡ order coffeeǡ and soak up the
atmosphere.
4. Her words will stick with me for the rest of my life.
5. I didn’t feel like forking out for an expensive meal so
I decided to eat in.
6. It didn’t take Max even a year to exhaust by wasteful
spending all the money he had inherited from his aunt.
7. Krakov’s Rynek Glowny is bursting with tourists in summer.
8. Now that I’m fortyǡI think I should start putting some mon-
ey aside for my retirement.
9. The rain clouds overhead has blotted out the sun.
10. The rising seas are encroaching on seaside territories.
h III.
1. to set a. apart b. back c. off d. in
2. to break a. through b. into
3. to come a. back to b. on
227
PHRASAL VERBS
h IV
1. summons up
2. had been putting aside
3. was bursting with
4. set you back
5. to fork out
6. dotted with
7. encroaching on
8. branching off
9. to soak up
10. set in
11. will stick with
hV
1. The thunderstorm had set in quite unexpectedly and there
was no chance that it would soon blow over. So I had to
fork out $50 to get home by taxi.
2. Seeing my exǦfriend Jake always stirs up most unpleasant
memories. Once I had to break into our family’s savings to
lend him a pretty sum and he wouldn’t square up with me.
3. Popular tourist attractions are forever bursting with
travellers from all over the world. Steep in history and
traditionǡ they always tug at your heart.
4. Lighten upǡdarling! It doesn’t look as if the rain had set in
forever. It’ll soon clear up and we’ll have enough time to
soak up the atmosphere of this nice town.
228
26. SIGNS
& HEADLINES
Phrasal verbs are common in English. Although phrasal verbs are

more typical of informal English they can be found in a variety of
styles and contexts. You may hear them in spoken language —
like look after, for example — or in songs, for example the Ara-
besque’s “I Stand by You”. You may find them in film titles such
as “I Wake Up Screaming” and “The Empire Strikes Back”. But
phrasal verbs are not limited to the spoken language only; some
of them are an integral part of the language of newspapers and
are very frequent in newspaper headlines. Here are just a few ex-
amples:
PHOTO GALLERY: ANN ARBOR GIRLS TRY ON PROM DRESSES
and
MAN FIGHTS OFF SHARK WITH HIS BARE HANDS.
Others are found on warning and information signs such as
Please check out before midday
or
Please switch off your cell phones before the film starts.
1 2 3
Please hand in1 Please give up2 Get your pics
your key at the your seat if a ready in an hour!
desk. woman or an Drop off3 the film
elderly person at 2 and pick up4
needs it! your pics at 3 p.m
4 5 6
Please keep off5 Please queue up6 Road Works ahead!
the grass! for a bus. Slow down7!
229
PHRASAL VERBS
7 8 9
First night sold Bella Pizzas! The If you want to try
out8 immediately. best in town! Eat on10 any item,
Second show in or take away9! please use the
added due to changing room on
MASSIVE demand! the ground floor.
1
hand in
ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌ
2
give up
˖˔˕˖˒ˋ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ)
3
drop off
˔ˇ˃˅˃˕˟ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃˕˟
4
pick up
ˊ˃˄ˋ˓˃˕˟
5
keep off
ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟ ˅ ˑ˕ˇ˃ˎˈːˋˋǡ ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟˔ˢ ː˃ ˓˃˔˔˕ˑˢǦ
ːˋˋȀ˒ˑˇ˃ˎ˟˛ˈ ȋˑ˕ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌ
6
queue up
˔˕ˑˢ˕˟ ˅ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇˋ
7
slow down
˔ːˋˊˋ˕˟ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟
8
sell out
˓˃˔˒˓ˑˇ˃˅˃˕˟
9
take away
˖ːˑ˔ˋ˕˟ǡ ˄˓˃˕˟ ˔ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌ ȋː˃˒ˋ˕ˍˋǡ ˈˇ˖)
10
try on
˒˓ˋˏˈ˓ˢ˕˟ ȋ˒ˎ˃˕˟ˈ)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
drop sth off

If you have a homeǦprinted ʔ˔ˎˋ ˅˞ ˓˃˔˒ˈ˚˃˕˃ˎˋ ˒ˑ˔˃Ǧ
boarding pass, simply drop off ˇˑ˚ː˞ˌ ˕˃ˎˑː ˕ˑˏ˃ǡ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ
your bags and head through ˑ˔˕˃˅˟˕ˈ ˅ˈ˜ˋ ː˃ ˓ˈˆˋ˔˕˓˃Ǧ
to the departure lounge. ˙ˋˋ ˋ ˒˓ˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˊ˃ˎ ˅˞Ǧ
ˎˈ˕˃Ǥ
230
26. SIGNS & HEADLINES
give up sthȀgive sth up
Nowadays teenagers seldom ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˒ˑˇ˓ˑ˔˕ˍˋ ˓ˈˇˍˑ
give up seats to elderly people ˖˔˕˖˒˃ˡ˕ ˒ˑˉˋˎ˞ˏ ˎˡˇˢˏ
on the bus. ˏˈ˔˕ˑ ˅ ˃˅˕ˑ˄˖˔ˈǤ
hand in sthȀhand sth in
Eva never gives her homework ʔ˅˃ ːˋˍˑˆˇ˃ ːˈ ˔ˇ˃ˈ˕ ˇˑǦ
in on time. ˏ˃˛ːˡˡ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ˅ˑ˅˓ˈˏˢǤ
keep sth offȀkeep off sth
Keep your hands off me! ʜˈ ˇˑ˕˓˃ˆˋ˅˃ˌ˔ˢ ˇˑ ˏˈːˢǨ
pick sth upȀpick up sth
I’ll pick my things up from the ʮ ˊ˃˄ˈ˓˖ ˅ˈ˜ˋ ˋˊ ˘ˋˏ˚ˋ˔˕Ǧ
dryǦcleaner’s later. ˍˋ ˒ˑˊˉˈǤ
queue up
Pink lipstick is popular this ʑ ˠ˕ˑˏ ˔ˈˊˑːˈ ˅ ˏˑˇˈ ˓ˑˊˑǦ
season. Girls are queuing up ˅˃ˢ ˒ˑˏ˃ˇ˃Ǥ ʓˈ˅˖˛ˍˋ ˔˕ˑˢ˕
for it. ˊ˃ ːˈˌ ˅ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇ˟ ˅˞˔˕˓˃ˋ-
˅˃ˡ˕˔ˢ.
slow down
The road was icy and we had ʓˑ˓ˑˆ˃ ˑ˄ˎˈˇˈːˈˎ˃ǡ ˋ ː˃ˏ
to slow down. ˒˓ˋ˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˔ːˋˊˋ˕˟ ˔ˍˑ-
˓ˑ˔˕˟.
sell out
Tonight’s show is completely ʐˋˎˈ˕˞ ː˃ ˔ˈˆˑˇːˢ˛ːˈˈ ˅ˈǦ
sold out. ˚ˈ˓ːˈˈ ˛ˑ˖ ˒ˑˎːˑ˔˕˟ˡ ˓˃˔-
˒˓ˑˇ˃ː˞.
take away
Do you want that burger to ʑ˞ ˄˖ˇˈ˕ˈ ˈ˔˕˟ ˆ˃ˏ˄˖˓ˆˈ˓
eat here or to take away? ˊˇˈ˔˟ ˋˎˋ ˊ˃˄ˈ˓ˈ˕ˈ ˈˆˑ ˔
˔ˑ˄ˑˌ?
try sth onȀtry on sth
Ella tried on a red dress but it ʬˎˎ˃ ˒ˑˏˈ˓ˋˎ˃ ˍ˓˃˔ːˑˈ
was a size too big. ˒ˎ˃˕˟ˈǡ ːˑ ˑːˑ ˑˍ˃ˊ˃ˎˑ˔˟ ː˃
˓˃ˊˏˈ˓ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˈǤ
231
PHRASAL VERBS
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʙ˃ˍˋˈ ˒˓ˈˇ˖˒˓ˈˇˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈ ː˃ˇ˒ˋ˔ˋ ˋˊ ˒˓ˋ˅ˈˇˈːǦ

ː˞˘ ː˃ ˔˕˓Ǥ ʹʹͻȄʹ͵Ͳ ˏˑˉːˑ ˖˅ˋˇˈ˕˟ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑǦ
ˉˈːː˞˘ ːˋˉˈ ˑ˄˜ˈ˔˕˅ˈːː˞˘ ˏˈ˔˕˃˘ǫ
1. box office
2. bus stop
3. clothes shop
4. fast food outlet
5. park
6. photo studio
7. public transport
8. reception desk
9. road
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˆ˃ˊˈ˕ː˞˘ ˊ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ˍ˃˘ ˒ˑˇǦ

˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǤ
DROPPED OFF PICK UP SLOW DOWN
GIVE UP QUEUE UP SWITCH OFF
KEEP OFF SELL OUT TRY ON
1. 7 FIRST CLASS PASSENGERS _______ SEATS TO MARINES
RETURNING FROM AFGANISTAN
2. BOXING DAYSALES SEE THOUSANDS _______ TO GRAB
POSTǦCHRISTMAS BARGAINS
3. HULU STARTS BLOCKING VPN USERS TO _______ PIRACY
RATES
4. iOS 7 BUG ALLOWES iPHONE THIEVES TO _______ FIND MY
iPHONE
5. _______ THE LAWN ON FROSTY MORNINGS TO PREVENT
FROST DAMAGE
6. MORBIDY OBESE͵͸ǦPOUND CAT NAMED MEATBALL _______
AT A SHELTER
7. POPE FRANCIS STOPS TO _______ HITCHHIKER
232
8. TICKETS FOR TIGERS OPENING DAY _______ FAST
9. UK SURGEONS _______ “SMART GLASSES” IN THE
OPERATING THEATRE
h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˌ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎǤ

1. All local residents are required to _______ in their passports.
a. check b. eat c. hand
2. Always _______ off your computer when you have finished
your work.
a. drop b. switch c. keep
3. I _______ up outside the box office for almost two hours.
a. gave b. picked c. queued
4. Most music stores have already _______ out Beyoncé new
album.
a. sold b. checked c. dropped
5. On the bus, you should always _______ up your seat to any
elderly, pregnant, babyǦcarrying, or injured people.
a. pick b. give c. queue
6. On weekdays I usually _______ in instead of going out for
dinner.
a. eat b. check c. hand
7. Royal Jordanian Airlines employees were _______ in
passengers.
a. handing b. eating c. checking
8. Some hotels let you _______ out via your television.
a. sell b. check c. switch
9. We decided to _______ off the main road to avoid heavy
traffic.
a. keep b. drop c. switch
10. You can _______ off your bag here and pick it up later.
a. switch b. keep c. drop
233
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈǦ
1. to give up 4. to keep off
a. a word a. grass
b. a seat b. a rule
c. a hope c. alcohol
2. to hand in 5. to take away
a. one’s homework a. time
b. one’s room keys b. a meal
c. one’s position c. the pain
3. to pick up 6. to try on
a. a passenger a. a dress
b. economy b. pyjamas
c. a language c. a job

ͳǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˊˇˈ˔˟ ːˈ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢǡ ˇ˃˅˃ˌ ˊ˃ˍ˃ˉˈˏ ˈˇ˖ ˋ ˊ˃-
˄ˈ˓ˈˏ ˈˈ ˔ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌ.
ʹǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ˕ˈ˄ˈː˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢˠ˕˃˓˖˄˃˛ˍ˃ǡ˒ˑ˚ˈˏ˖˄˞˕ˈ˄ˈˈˈːˈ
˒˓ˋˏˈ˓ˋ˕˟?
͵Ǥ ʖ˓ˢ ˏ˞ ˔˕ˑˢˎˋ ˅ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇˋ ˊ˃ ˄ˋˎˈ˕˃ˏˋǡ ˋ˘ ˖ˉˈ ˓˃˔-
˒˓ˑˇ˃ˎˋ.
ͶǤ ʛˑˉˈ˕ˈ ˄˞˕˟ ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇː˞ˏˋǡ ˍ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˔ˇ˃ˇˋ˕ˈ ˍˑː˕Ǧ
˓ˑˎ˟ː˞ˈ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˞Ǥ
ͷǤ ʛˑˉˈ˛˟ ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ ˍːˋˆˋ ˊˇˈ˔˟ ˋ ˊ˃˄˓˃˕˟ ˋ˘ ˒ˑ ˒˖˕ˋ
˅ ˄ˋ˄ˎˋˑ˕ˈˍ˖Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʜˈ ˖˔˒ˈˎ˃ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃ ː˃˄˓˃˕˟ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˍ˃ˍ ː˃ˏ ˒˓ˋǦ
˛ˎˑ˔˟ ˔ːˑ˅˃ ˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟.
͹Ǥ ʡˈ˄ˈ ˎ˖˚˛ˈ ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒ˑˇ˃ˎ˟˛ˈ ˑ˕ ˠ˕ˑˆˑ ˓˃ˌˑː˃ —
˕˃ˏ ˑ˒˃˔ːˑ ˒ˑ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓˃ˏǤ
ͺǤ ʮ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˈ˕ ˖˔˕˖˒ˋ˕˟ ˏˈ˔˕ˑ ˠ˕ˑˌ ˒ˑǦ
ˉˋˎˑˌ ˉˈː˜ˋːˈǤ
234
KEYS
h I.
1. box office 7
2. bus stop 5
3. clothes shop 9
4. fast food outlet 8
5. park 4
6. photo studio 3
7. public transport 2
8. reception desk 1
9. road 6
h II.
1. GIVE UP 6. DROPPED OFF
2. QUEUE UP 7. PICK UP
3. SLOW DOWN 8. SELL OUT
4. SWITCH OFF 9. TRY ON
5. KEEP OFF
h III.
1 — c 5 — b 9—a
2 — b 6 — a 10 — c
3 — c 7 — c
4 — a 8 — b
h IV.
1—a 3—b 5—a
2—c 4—b 6—c
h V.
1. If you don’t like it here, let’s order a meal and take it away.
2. If you like this shirt, why don’t you try it on?
235
PHRASAL VERBS
3. It was no use queuing up for tickets — they had already
been sold out.
4. You may be free as soon as you hand in your tests.
5. You can drop off your books here and pick them up on
your way to the library.
6. Hardly had the car picked up speed when we had to slow
down again.
7. You’d better keep off that neighborhood — it’s quite dan-
gerous at night.
8. I think you should give up your seat to this elderly lady.
236
27. PHRASAL NOUNS
AND ADJECTIVES
Ȇ Sophie and Fred aren’t on speaking terms again. Do you think

it’s another falling-out1 or are they going to break up2?
ȆCome on! They are just both hotǦtempered, so no wonder they
keep falling out3 over trifles but they still love each other too
much for a break-up4.
Ȇ You should have seen Patricia wearing that posh dress on the
Dress-Down5 Friday! She was just showing it off!
ȆIt’s an outstanding6 example of how she always makes herself
stand out7 from the corporate crowd. She’s an awful showoff8!
ȆNick is good at putting on airs, but as he is a college dropout9,

his good manners and confidence are all put-on10. We started a
university course in San Francisco together but then he dropped
out11.
Ȇ I can’t believe it! He always sounds so convincing!
Ȇ I quit shopping at Lincoln Road boutiques, they just rip off12

customers! The stuff there is terribly overpriced13! The strappy
sandals I bought at Steven Shoes yesterday set me back $1,550!
I’m all stressed-out14 now!
Ȇ You can say that again! This designer label stuff is just an ex-
pensive rip-off15!
1
falling-out
˔˖˜Ǥ ˔˔ˑ˓˃
2
break up
ˆˎǤ ȋ˔ˏǤ 8. Relationships; p. 69)
3
fall out
ˆˎǤ ȋ˔ˏǤ ͺ. Relationships; p. 70)
237
PHRASAL VERBS
4
break-up
˔˖˜Ǥ ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅ǡ ˓˃ˊ˅ˑˇ
5
dress-down
˒˓ˋˎǤ ˑ ˔ˋ˕˖˃˙ˋˋǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˓˃ˊ˓ˈ˛˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˑˇˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
ˏˈːˈˈ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˃ˎ˟ːˑ
6
outstanding
˒˓ˋˎǤ ˢ˓ˍˋˌ ȋ˒˓ˋˏˈ˓Ȍǡ ˅˞ˇ˃ˡ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ȋ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍ)
7
stand out
ˆˎǤ ȋ˔ˏǤ ͸Ǥ Describing People; p. 55)
8
showoff
˔˖˜Ǥ ˘˅˃˔˕˖ːǡ ˒ˑˊˈ˓ǡ ˊ˃ˇ˃˅˃ˍ˃
9
dropout
˔˖˜Ǥ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˅˛ˋˌ ˖˚ˈ˄˖
10
put-on
˒˓ˋˎǤ ː˃˒˖˔ˍːˑˌ
11
drop out
ˆˎǤ ȋ˔ˏǤ ͻǤ Stages Through Life; p. 76)
12
rip off
ˆˎǤ ȋ˔ˏǤ ʹͶǤ Money Matters; p. 209)
13
overpriced
˒˓ˋˎǤ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˑˌ
14
stressed-out
˒˓ˋˎǤ ː˃˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ˅ ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢːˋˋ ˔˕˓ˈ˔˔˃
15
rip-off
˔˖˜Ǥ ˏˑ˛ˈːːˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˆ˓˃˄ˈˉ
EXTRA EXAMPLES
breakǦup
It took Abby years to get over ʢ ʬ˄˄ˋ ˖˛ˎˑ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˎˈ˕ǡ
the break-up with Alan. ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒˓ˋˌ˕ˋ ˅ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ
˓˃ˊ˅ˑˇ˃ ˔ ʏˎ˃ːˑˏǤ
dressǦdown
In many offices, Friday is ʑˑ ˏːˑˆˋ˘ ˑ˗ˋ˔˃˘ ˅ ˒ˢ˕ːˋǦ
a dress-down day. ˙˖ ˓˃ˊ˓ˈ˛˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˑˇˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
˅ ˒ˑ˅˔ˈˇːˈ˅ː˖ˡ ˑˇˈˉˇ˖.
238
27. PHRASAL NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
dropout
According to police statistics, ʠˑˆˎ˃˔ːˑ ˒ˑˎˋ˙ˈˌ˔ˍˑˌ ˔˕˃Ǧ
about half of the prisoners are ˕ˋ˔˕ˋˍˈ ˒˓ˋ˄ˎˋˊˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ
highǦschool dropouts. ˒ˑˎˑ˅ˋː˃ ˅˔ˈ˘ ˊ˃ˍˎˡ˚˩ːǦ
ː˞˘ Ȅ ˠ˕ˑ ˎˡˇˋ, ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˅-
˛ˋˈ ˔˓ˈˇːˡˡ ˛ˍˑˎ˖.
fallingǦout
He had a bitter falling-out ʛˈˉˇ˖ ːˋˏ ˋ ʚˑ˓ˋ ˅˔˒˞˘Ǧ
with Laurie over money. ː˖ˎ˃ ˖ˉ˃˔ː˃ˢ ˔˔ˑ˓˃ ˋˊǦˊ˃
ˇˈːˈˆǤ
outstanding
Theirs was an outstanding ʗ˘ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ ˄˞ˎ˃ ˢ˓ˍˋˏ ˒˓ˋǦ
example of good team work. ˏˈ˓ˑˏ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˈˌ ˍˑˏ˃ːˇːˑˌ
˓˃˄ˑ˕˞Ǥ
overpriced
Despite good quality, their ʜˈ ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˢ ː˃ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˈˈ ˍ˃˚ˈǦ
products are overpriced. ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˋ˘ ˒˓ˑˇ˖ˍ˙ˋˢ ˅˔ˈ ˉˈ
˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˇˑ˓ˑˆ˃ˢ.
putǦon
Martin saw that her reluctance ʛ˃˓˕ˋː ˒ˑːˋˏ˃ˎǡ ˚˕ˑ ˈˈ ːˈǦ
to go out was put-on. ˉˈˎ˃ːˋˈ ˍ˖ˇ˃Ǧːˋ˄˖ˇ˟ ˋˇ˕ˋ
˄˞ˎˑ ː˃˒˖˔ˍː˞ˏ.
ripǦoff
Brad thought £45 a night for ʐ˓ˠˇ ˔˚ˋ˕˃ˎǡ ˚˕ˑ Ͷͷ ˗˖ː˕ˑ˅
a hostel room was a rip-off. ˊ˃ːˑ˚˟˅˘ˑ˔˕ˈˎˈȄː˃˔˕ˑˢǦ
˜ˋˌ ˆ˓˃˄ˈˉ.
showǦoff
Mandy can be a real show-off ʑ˓ˈˏˈː˃ˏˋ ʛˠːˇˋ ˏˑˉˈ˕
at times. ˄˞˕˟ ˕˃ˍˑˌ ˊ˃ˇ˃˅˃ˍˑˌ.
stressedǦout
Molly always eats when she’s ʙˑˆˇ˃ ʛˑˎˎˋ ˅ ˔˕˓ˈ˔˔ˑ˅ˑˏ
feeling stressedǦout. ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢːˋˋǡ ˑː˃ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ
ˈ˔˕Ǥ
239
PHRASAL VERBS
1. break-up a. charging or charged at too high
a rate
2. dress-down b. a quarrel or disagreement
3. dropout c. false; fictitious
4. falling-out d. someone who always tries to show
how clever or skilled they are so that
other people will admire them
5. outstanding e. something that is unreasonably
expensive
6. overpriced f. informal ȋabout clothes)
7. put-on g. so worried and tired that you cannot
relax
8. rip-off h. a divorce
9. show-off i. a student who fails to complete
a school or college course
10. stressed-out j. excellent; distinguished
h౮IIǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˖˒ˑ˕˓ˈ˄ˋ˅ ˅ˏˈ˔˕ˑ

˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞˘ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅˖ˡǦ
˜ˋˈ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈǤ
1. Chris is constantly showing off, trying to make a really big
impression.
2. He’s an awful coward — he just puts on a brave face.
3. His study of the problem really stands out.
4. I’m studying for my TOEFL exam in May and it is stressing
me out.
5. Our relationship got worse and we broke up a couple
months later.
6. They ripped us off at that café.
7. There are many students who dropped out because they
could not afford to pay the £1,000 monthly fees.
8. They’re business partners who have fallen out over a minor
problem.
240
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃ˏˈːˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ ˋ˘
˔ˋːˑːˋˏ˃ˏˋ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ˅˃˓ˢ ˕ˈˏ˞Ǥ
1. Divorces are on the increase in this country.
2. I try to avoid things that can make me weary.
3. Nicole’s friendly voice and manner are all false.
4. She told several London newspapers that she and her
fiancé have had a minor quarrel.
5. The place was full of Rastafarians and other nonconformists.
6. The pub has good local food, but it’s too expensive.
7. The Yellowstone National Park is an area of remarkable
beauty.
8. This biennale is just the usual parade of braggarts.

1. ifȀdoȀAnyȀwithinȀsellȀgoodsȀsixȀoverpricedȀtheyȀ
notȀareȀweeks.
2. AmericanȀmeȀHisȀaȀputǦonȀirritatesȀlotȀaccent.
3. IȀIȀdoȀbeȀnotȀtooȀaȀwhereȀwantȀwouldȀjobȀ
stressedǦout.
4. IȀClairȀsheȀnothingȀtoȀofȀwithȀkindȀbecauseȀhaveȀ
isȀdoȀshowǦoff.
5. FridayȀisȀsportswearȀnotȀevenȀappropriateȀputȀtoȀ
toȀonȀonȀofficeȀaȀtheȀdressǦdownȀIt.
6. wasȀOurȀrestaurantȀawfulȀdinnerȀthisȀanȀinȀripǦoff.
7. theȀbeenȀbreakǦupȀSinceȀmarriageȀsheȀofȀherȀhasȀ
alone.
8. Sri LankaȀaȀbeautyȀcountryȀofȀoutstandingȀisȀnatural.
9. rateȀdropoutȀsomeȀhighȀatȀveryȀTheȀuniversitiesȀis.
10. numerousȀhaveȀthemȀfallingsǦoutȀbeforeȀbeenȀ
ThereȀ between.

ͳǤ ʑ˔ˢ ˈˆˑ ˒ˑ˅˔ˈˇːˈ˅ː˃ˢ ˑˇˈˉˇ˃ Ȅ ˠ˕ˑ ˇˋˊ˃ˌːˈ˓˔ˍˋˈ
˅ˈ˜ˋǤ
241
PHRASAL VERBS
ʹǤ ʔ˔ˎˋ˕˞˚˖˅˔˕˅˖ˈ˛˟ǡ˚˕ˑː˃˘ˑˇˋ˛˟˔ˢ˅˔˕˓ˈ˔˔ˑ˅ˑˏ˔ˑ-
˔˕ˑˢːˋˋǡ ˕ˈ˄ˈ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˈ˕ ˑ˄˓˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˍ ˅˓˃˚˖Ǥ
͵Ǥ ʛːˈˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ˚˕ˑͳǤͲͲͲˇˑˎˎ˃˓ˑ˅ˊ˃ˏ˃ˎˡ˔ˈː˟ˍˋˌ˗ˎ˃Ǧ
ˍˑː ˇ˖˘ˑ˅ Ȅ ˠ˕ˑ ˆ˓˃˄ˈˉ!
ͶǤ ʜ˃˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˢ ˊː˃ˡ ʓˉˈˌːǡ ˈˈ ˔ˍ˓ˑˏːˑ˔˕˟ Ȅ ː˃˒˖˔ˍ-
ː˃ˢ.
ͷǤ ʜ˃˛˃ʠˎ˖ˉ˄˃˔ˈˏ˟ˋ˒ˑˏˑˆ˃ˈ˕ˎˡˇˢˏ˒ˈ˓ˈˉˋ˕˟ ˓˃ˊ˓˞-
˅˞ ˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˌ ˋ ˓˃ˊ˅ˑˇ˞Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈˍˋːˑˍ˓ˋ˕ˋˍˋ˔˚ˋ˕˃ˡ˕˗ˑːʡ˓ˋˈ˓˃ˉˈːˑːˈǦ
ː˃˅ˋ˔˕ːˋˍˑˏ ˋ ˒ˑˊˈ˓ˑˏ.
͹Ǥ ʝːˋ ː˃ˍˑːˈ˙Ǧ˕ˑ ˒ˑˏˋ˓ˋˎˋ˔˟ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˔˅ˑˈˌ ˔˔ˑ˓˞
ͺǤ ʞˑǦˏˑˈˏ˖ǡ «ʬˆˑˋ˔˕» — ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˑˌ ˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋːǤ
ͻǤ ʤˑ˕ˢ ˑː ˋ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋˎ ˖ːˋ˅ˈ˓˔ˋ˕ˈ˕ǡ ˑː ˇˑ˄ˋˎ˔ˢ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋ˘
˖˔˒ˈ˘ˑ˅ ˅ ˄ˋˊːˈ˔ˈǤ
ͳͲǤ ʬ˕˃ ˒˓ˈˏˋˢ ˒˓ˋ˔˖ˉˇ˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˊ˃ «˅˞ˇ˃ˡ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ˅ˍˎ˃ˇ
˅ ː˃˖ˍ˖».
KEYS
h I.
1 — h 5 — j 9—d
2 — f 6 — a 10 — g
3 — i 7 — c
4 — b 8 — e
h II.
1. Chris is a show-off trying to make a really big impression.
2. He’s an awful coward — his brave face is just put-on.
3. His study of the problem is really outstanding.
4. I’m studying for my TOEFL exam in May and I’m stressed-
out.
5. Our relationship got worse and there followed a break-up
a couple months later.
242
6. That café was a rip-off.
7. There are many dropouts because they could not afford to
pay the £1,000 monthly fees.
8. They’re business partners who have had a falling-out over
a minor problem.
h III.
1. BreakǦups 5. dropouts
2. stressedǦout 6. overpriced
3. putǦon 7. outstanding
4. fallingǦout 8. showǦoffs
h IV.
1. Any goods are overpriced if they do not sell within six
weeks.
2. His putǦon American accent irritates me a lot.
3. I do not want a job where I would be too stressedǦout.
4. I have nothing to do with Clair because she is kind of showǦ
off.
5. It is not appropriate to put on sportswear to the office even
on a dressǦdown Friday.
6. Our dinner in this restaurant was an awful ripǦoff.
7. Since the breakǦup of her marriage she has been alone.
8. Sri Lanka is a country of outstanding natural beauty.
9. The dropout rate at some universities is very high.
10. There have been numerous fallingsǦout between them
before.
h V.
1. His dress-down clothes are all designer things.
2. You should see a doctor if you are feeling stressed-out.
3. I think $1,000 for a tiny bottle of perfume is a rip-off!
4. As far as I know Jane, her modesty is just put-on.
243
PHRASAL VERBS
5. Our Family Service helps people go through marriage and
relationship break-ups.
6. Some film critics consider von Trier a womanǦhater and
a show-off.
7. They have finally made it up after their little falling-out.
8. In my opinion Egoist is an overpriced store.
9. Though a university dropoutǡ he’s been very successful in
business.
10. The award is given for “an outstanding contribution to
science”.
244
28. IDIOMS USING
PHRASAL VERBS
Hi, Phil!
How about a round of beer tonight? I need to let off steam1!
Holly has told me that she’s going to divorce me! She took the
sting out of it2 by saying that we have drifted apart after so
many years of marriage but I’m sure she’s seeing someone. My
mother has never liked her and always urged me to wake up and
smell the coffee3, but I wouldn’t listen to her, you know. She says
I got off on the wrong foot4 by giving Holly too much freedom,
but you remember we got on like a house on fire5 and I just
couldn’t but trust her completely! My dad says he’ll pull out all
the stops6 to ruin her career. My brother Neil is beginning to turn
on the heat7 and insists on starting divorce proceedings imme-
diately. But I’m just afraid that yielding to their advice might be
cutting off my nose to spite my face8 as I still hope that Holly
and I can turn back the clock9. Anyway, I can’t make up my
mind10 and badly need your advice.
See you tonight,
Owen
1
let off steam
ˑ˕˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˇ˖˛˖ǡ ˅˞˒˖˔˕ˋ˕˟ ˒˃˓
2
take the sting out of sth
˔˕˃˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ˏˢˆ˚ˋ˕˟ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
3
wake up and smell the coffee
˓˃˔ˍ˓˞˕˟ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃
4
get off on the wrong foot
ːˈ˖ˇ˃˚ːˑ ː˃˚˃˕˟
5
get on like a house on fire
ˎ˃ˇˋ˕˟ ˇ˓˖ˆ ˔ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˏǡ ˉˋ˕˟ ˇ˖˛˃ ˅ ˇ˖˛˖
245
PHRASAL VERBS
6
pull out all the stops
ːˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˚ˈˏ ːˈ ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˒˖˔˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ˑ
˅˔ˈ ˕ˢˉˍˋˈ
7
turn on the heat
ˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟ ˔ˋˎ˟ːˑˈ ˇ˃˅ˎˈːˋˈǡ ː˃ˉ˃˕˟
8
cut off one’s nose to spite one’s face
ː˃˅˓ˈˇˋ˕˟ ˔ˈ˄ˈǡ ˉˈˎ˃ˢ ː˃˅˓ˈˇˋ˕˟ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˏ˖
9
turn back the clock
˅ˈ˓ː˖˕˟ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˈ
10
make up one’s mind
˓ˈ˛ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˒˓ˋːˢ˕˟ ˓ˈ˛ˈːˋˈ
EXTRA EXAMPLES

“The next time he makes me «ʑ ˔ˎˈˇ˖ˡ˜ˋˌ ˓˃ˊǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃
work overtime, I’m just going ˑː ˊ˃˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ ˏˈːˢ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟
to quit.” ˔˅ˈ˓˘˖˓ˑ˚ːˑǡ ˢ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˖˅ˑǦ
ˎˡ˔˟».
“Isn’t that like cutting off your «ʡˈ˄ˈːˈˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ˚˕ˑˉˈˎ˃ˢ
nose to spite your face?” ː˃˅˓ˈˇˋ˕˟ ˈˏ˖, ˕˞ ː˃˅˓ˈ-
ˇˋ˛˟ ˔ˈ˄ˈ?»

I got off on the wrong foot ʛˑˋ ˅ˊ˃ˋˏˑˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ
with my colleagues. ˔ ˍˑˎˎˈˆ˃ˏˋ˔˔˃ˏˑˆˑː˃˚˃ˎ˃
˔ˎˑˉˋˎˋ˔˟ ːˈ˖ˇ˃˚ːˑ.

My grandparents got on like a ʛˑˋ ˄˃˄˖˛ˍ˃ ˋ ˇˈˇ˖˛ˍ˃
house on fire. ˅˔ˡ ˉˋˊː˟ ˒˓ˑˉˋˎˋ ˇ˖˛˃
˅ ˇ˖˛˖.
let off steam

I’m sorry I shouted at you. ʗˊ˅ˋːˋǡ ˕ˑ ː˃ˍ˓ˋ˚˃ˎ ː˃
I just needed to let off steam. ˕ˈ˄ˢǤ ʛːˈ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˄˞ˎˑ ː˖ˉǦ
ːˑ ˅˞˒˖˔˕ˋ˕˟ ˒˃˓.
246
28. IDIOMS USING PHRASAL VERBS
I haven’t made up my mind ʮ ˈ˜ˈ ːˈ ˓ˈ˛ˋˎǡ ˍ˖ˇ˃ ˒ˑǦ
where to go on holiday yet. ˈ˘˃˕˟ ˅ ˑ˕˒˖˔ˍǤ
pull all the stops out
Rose’s father pulled out all ʝ˕ˈ˙ʟˑˊ˞ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃ˎ˅˔ˈ
the stops for his daughter’s ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ˔˕ˋǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˒ˑǦ
promotion. ˏˑ˚˟ ˈˌ ˒ˑˎ˖˚ˋ˕˟ ˒ˑ˅˞˛ˈǦ
ːˋˈǤ
The flexitime policy will take ʑ˅ˈˇˈːˋˈ ˆˋ˄ˍˑˆˑ ˆ˓˃˗ˋˍ˃
the sting out of the pay cut. ˓˃˄ˑ˕˞ ˔ˏˢˆ˚ˋ˕ ˒ˑ˔ˎˈˇ-
˔˕˅ˋˢ˔ːˋˉˈːˋˢˊ˃˓˃˄ˑ˕ːˑˌ
˒ˎ˃˕˞Ǥ
turn the clock back
If only Joshua could turn the ʔ˔ˎˋ˄˞˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑʓˉˑ˛˖˃ˏˑˆ
clock back and do things ˒ˑ˅ˈ˓ː˖˕˟ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˅˔˒ˢ˕˟
differently! ˋ ˒ˑ˔˕˖˒ˋ˕˟ ˒ˑǦˇ˓˖ˆˑˏ˖Ǩ
turn on the heat
I am too far behind in my ʮ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˊ˃˒˖˔˕ˋˎ˃ ˖˚ˈ˄˖ǡ
studies and the teachers are ˋ ˖˚ˋ˕ˈˎˢ ˖ˉˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˋ ː˃-
turning on the heat. ˉˋˏ˃˕˟ ː˃ ˏˈːˢǤ
Wake up and smell the ʟ˃˔ˍ˓ˑˌ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃Ǩ ʙˎˈ˓ ˕ˈ˄ˢ
coffee! Claire is scheming for ˒ˑˇ˔ˋˉˋ˅˃ˈ˕Ǩ
your job!
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ː˃ˋ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˈˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ ˋ ˊ˃ˍˑː˚ˋǦ

˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǤ
1. A lot of people are afraid of the future and try to _______
the clock back to a time when they were more comfortable.
a. rush b. turn c. wind d. put
247
PHRASAL VERBS
2. Airline employees are planning to turn up the _______ on
their bosses by holding a oneǦday strike.
a. fever b. steam c. heat d. fire
3. Everyone worried that they wouldn’t stand each other but
they’re getting on like a _______ on fire.
a. house b. tree c. log d. building
4. For the manager firing this experienced employee would
be like cutting off his _______ to spite his face.
a. ears b. lips c. nose d. hair
5. I lift weights or going jogging after work to let off
some _______.
a. heat b. fire c. fever d. steam
6. Mr Ritz pulled all the _______ out for his son’s concert but
it went flop.
a. stops b. strings c. ropes d. lines
7. Mrs Valentine’s new assistant got off on the wrong _______
by being rude to customers.
a. hand b. boot c. leg d. foot
8. Some parents just deny their teenage children are having
addiction problems, and they’d better wake up and smell
the _______.
a. tea b. milk c. coffee d. juice
9. To some extent humour can take the _______ out of any
unpleasant situation.
a. sting b. thorn c. pin d. needle
h౮IIǤ ʖ˃ˏˈːˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅˃ ˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˞ǡ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ

˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˋˇˋˑˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈǦ
˔ˍˋˏˋ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢˏˋǤ
1. A oneǦday walkout will be a chance for the workers to get
rid of their anger and strong emotions.
2. He’s an excellent scientist but he obviously makes a bad
start at the relationship with his colleagues.
248
3. Let us return to a situation that used to exist and pre-
tend we are living in the past century.
4. The management thinks that a pay bonus will make the
tax increase less unpleasant.
5. The parliamentary candidate decided to spare no effort
and campaign in every district.
6. The police increased the intensity of measures taken
against public disturbers.
7. They met only a month ago, and because they were both
into bungee jumping they have a very good and friendly
relationship.
8. Things have changed around here, Margaret! Face up to
this unpleasant reality!
9. Torn between two loves, medicine and chemistry, I could’t
decide which school to choose.
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕ˈ ˇˋ˃ˎˑˆˋ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˏˋ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖

ˋˇˋˑˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˏˋ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢˏˋǤ
1. Tim: I’m going to propose to Nikki.
Sam: Oh, come on! She’s been going out with Max!
__________________!
2. Pat: Oh, I wish I were twenty years younger! I would
change my life completely!
Liz: That would be nice, but as ill luck would have it we
can’t _________________.
3. Rose: This red dress looks nice but the green one fits me
better. Shall I buy the green one, Bill?
Bill: Rose, you are wasting my time!
Rose: Don’t rush me, Bill. I haven’t ________________ yet.
4. Lucy: I’ve decided to have some revenge on Phil for being
rude to me again!
Kate: What are you going to do?
Lucy: I’m going to infect his PC with a virus!.
Kate: Isn’t that your PC too? Aren’t you _______________?
5. Steve: Do you like your roommate?
Carl: Yeah! We both like football and rap. So
we _______________.
249
PHRASAL VERBS
6. Grace: How is your new job?
Carol: I was fifteen minutes late this morning!
Grace: Oh, dear! You certainly _________________.

ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋ ˋˇˋˑˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ
˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǤ
ͳǤ ʞˑ˔ˎˈ ˇˎˋːːˑˌ ˒ˑˈˊˇˍˋ ː˃ ˏ˃˛ˋːˈ ˇˈ˕ˋ ˑ˕˅ˑˇˋˎˋ
ˇ˖˛˖ǡ ˄ˈˆ˃ˢ ˒ˑ ˎ˖ˉ˃ˌˍˈǤ
ʹǤ ʑ˓ˈˏˢˑ˕˅˓ˈˏˈːˋː˃ˏ˅˔ˈˏ˘ˑ˚ˈ˕˔ˢ˒ˑ˅ˈ˓ː˖˕˟˅˓ˈˏˢ
˅˔˒ˢ˕˟.
͵Ǥ ʝː ːˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˚ˈˏ ːˈ ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˓˃ˇˋ ˔˅˃ˇ˟˄˞
˔˅ˑˈˌ ˇˑ˚ˈ˓ˋǤ
ͶǤ ʢ ˏˈːˢ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ː˃˒˓ˢˉˈːː˃ˢ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃ǡ ˒ˑˠ˕ˑˏ˖ ˢ ˑ˕˅ˑˉ˖
ˇ˖˛˖ǡ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˢˢ˔˟ ː˃ ˅˞˘ˑˇː˞ˈ ˅ ˒ˑ˘ˑˇǤ
ͷǤ ʓˉˋˎ ˑ˚ˈː˟ ˖˒˓ˢˏ˃Ǥ ʔ˔ˎˋ ˑː˃ ˓ˈ˛ˋˎ˃ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˔ˇˈǦ
ˎ˃˕˟ǡ ˈˈ ːˈ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟Ǥ
6. C˟ˡ ˖ˎ˞˄ː˖ˎ˃˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˔ˏˢˆ˚ˋ˕˟ ˔˅ˑˌ ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ ˔˘ˑˇˋ˕˟
ˍ˖ˇ˃Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ ˔ˑ ˏːˑˌǤ
͹Ǥ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˢ ˒ˑˊː˃ˍˑˏˋˎ˔ˢ ˔ ˔ˈˏ˟ˈˌ ˏˑˈˌ ˇˈ˅˖˛ˍˋǡ ˢ ˔ ˔˃-
ˏˑˆˑ ː˃˚˃ˎ˃ ˒˓ˑˋˊ˅ˈˎ ˒ˎˑ˘ˑˈ ˅˒ˈ˚˃˕ˎˈːˋˈǡ ˒ˑ˕ˑˏ˖
˚˕ˑ ˒˓ˋ˒˃˓ˍˑ˅˃ˎ˔ˢ ː˃ ˋ˘ ˎ˖ˉ˃ˌˍˈǤ
KEYS
h I.
1—b 4—c 7—d
2—c 5—d 8—c
3—a 6—a 9—a
h II.
1. let off steam
2. gets off on the wrong foot
3. turn back the clock
250
4. will take the sting out of the tax increase
5. to pull out all the stops
6. turned on the heat on
7. get on like a house on fire
8. Wake up and smell the coffee!
9. make up my mind
h III.
1. wake up and smell the coffee
2. turn the clock back
3. made up my mind
4. cutting off your nose to spite your face
6. get off on the wrong foot
h IV.
1. After the long car trip the children were letting off steam
running about the lawn.
2. At times we all wish we could turn the clock back.
3. He will pull out all the stops for their daughter’s wedding.
4. I have a very stressful job so I let off steam by going hiking
at weekends.
5. Jill is very stubborn. There is nothing to stop her once she
has made up her mind to do something.
6. Sue smiled to take the sting out of her refusal to go out
with me.
7. When I met my girlfriend’s family, I got off on the wrong
foot because I had parked my car on their lawn.
251
29. NEW PHRASAL
VERBS
New phrasal verbs are entering English all the time. But where do
they come from? We live in a world that is constantly changing
and developing. New concepts arise while old ones add new
meanings. The Internet and computers are particularly productive
in generating new phrasal verbs. We can tech up1 an institution
ȋi.e. provide it with new computers, Internet access, etc.), Google
out2 a websiteȋfind it using the Google search engine), or bump
off3 the Internet ȋmeaning ‘lose Internet connection’). Many new
phrasal verbs come from the world of business. An employee can
get binned off4 ȋthat is ‘be dismissed from a job or position’)
or skilled up5 ȋmeaning ‘be provided with the skills necessary
to be better at their job). Certain phrasal verbs may receive new
meanings and retain the original ones. If someone kicks off6, he
doesn’t necessarily start a football match; he may just as well
start making trouble. Mass media use phrasal verbs to attract our
attention. Thus, rather than writing ‘raise one’s intellectual and
cultural values’ journalists are likely to say ‘dumb up7’ and instead
of ‘make something more interesting or exciting’ they are sure to
use ‘sex up8’. Informal and spoken language is yet another source
of new phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs like zone out9 ȋstop thinking
about anything) and veg out10ȋrelax in an inert and passive way)
are especially popular with young people.
1
tech up
˕ˈ˘ːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˑ˔ː˃˔˕ˋ˕˟
2
Google out
ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˅ ʒ˖ˆˎˈǡ «ː˃ˆ˖ˆˎˋ˕˟»
3
bump off
˖˕˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˈːˋˈ ˔ ʗː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ˑˏ
4
bin off
˖˅ˑˎˋ˕˟
252
29. NEW PHRASAL VERBS
5
skill up
˒ˑ˅˞˔ˋ˕˟ ˍ˅˃ˎˋ˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˡȀ˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ
˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟
6
kick off
˔˕˃˕˟ ˋ˔˕ˑ˚ːˋˍˑˏ ˒˓ˑ˄ˎˈˏ
7
dumb up
˒ˑ˅˞˔ˋ˕˟ ˋː˕ˈˎˎˈˍ˕˖˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟
8
sex up
˒˓ˋ˖ˍ˓˃˛ˋ˅˃˕˟
9
zone out
ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ːˈ˅ːˋˏ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏ
10
veg out
˄ˈˊˇˈˎ˟ːˋ˚˃˕˟
EXTRA EXAMPLES
bin sb off
They binned him off for ʔˆˑ˖˅ˑˎˋˎˋˊ˃˅ˊˢ˕ˑ˚ːˋ˚ˈǦ
bribery. ˔˕˅ˑǤ
beȀget bumped off

I got bumped off the Internet ʑ˔ˈˆˑˎˋ˛˟˚ˈ˓ˈˊːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ
after a few minutes online. ˏˋː˖˕ ˋː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˈ-
ːˋˈ ˒˓ˈ˓˅˃ˎˑ˔˟.
dumb up sthȀdumb sth up

His example always inspires ʔˆˑ˒˓ˋˏˈ˓˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ˅ˇˑ˘Ǧ
me to dumb up. ːˑ˅ˎˢˈ˕ ˏˈːˢ ˋː˕ˈˎˎˈˍ˕˖-
˃ˎ˟ːˑ ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ.
Google sth out

I’ve Googled out a cool site. ʮ «ː˃ˆ˖ˆˎˋˎ» ˍˎˈ˅˞ˌ ˔˃ˌ˕Ǥ
kick off
If they don’t keep the music ʔ˔ˎˋ ˑːˋ ːˈ ˒˓ˋˍ˓˖˕ˢ˕ ˏ˖Ǧ
down I’ll kick off and call the ˊ˞ˍ˖ǡ ˢ ˅˞ˊˑ˅˖ ˒ˑˎˋ˙ˋˡ
police. ˋ ˖˔˕˓ˑˡˋˏːˈ˒˓ˋˢ˕ːˑ˔˕ˋ.
253
PHRASAL VERBS
sex up sthȀsex sth up
Reporters usually sex up news ʟˈ˒ˑ˓˕ˈ˓˞ ˚˃˔˕ˑ ˒˓ˋ˖ˍ˓˃-
to attract readers. ˛ˋ˅˃ˡ˕ ːˑ˅ˑ˔˕ˋ ˇˎˢ ˒˓ˋǦ
˅ˎˈ˚ˈːˋˢ ˚ˋ˕˃˕ˈˎˈˌǤ
skill up sbȀskill sb up
Our seminar offers estate ʜ˃˛ ˔ˈˏˋː˃˓ ˒˓ˈˇˎ˃ˆ˃ˈ˕
agents a chance to skill up. ˓ˋˈˎ˕ˑ˓˃ˏ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ˔˕˟ ˒ˑ-
˅˞˔ˋ˕˟ ˔˅ˑˌ ˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑ-
ː˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟.
tech up sthȀtech sth up
Local authorities have been ʛˈ˔˕ː˞ˈ ˅ˎ˃˔˕ˋ ˑ˄ˑ˓˖ˇ˖ˡ˕
teching up village schools. ˔ˈˎ˟˔ˍˋˈ ˛ˍˑˎ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓-
ːˑˌ ˕ˈ˘ːˋˍˑˌ.
veg out
I feel like vegging out in front ʠˈˆˑˇːˢ ˅ˈ˚ˈ˓ˑˏ ˏːˈ ˘ˑ˚ˈ˕Ǧ
of the television this evening. ˔ˢ ˒ˑ˄ˈˊˇˈˎ˟ːˋ˚˃˕˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ
˕ˈˎˈ˅ˋˊˑ˓ˑˏǤ
zone out
When she starts lecturing me ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˑː˃ ː˃˚ˋː˃ˈ˕ ˏˈːˢ
I just zone out. ˅ˑ˔˒ˋ˕˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˢ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˑ˕-
ˍˎˡ˚˃ˡ˔˟.
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˗˓˃ˊˋ˓˖ˌ˕ˈ ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˉˋ˓Ǧ

ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ ˕˃ˍˋˏ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑˏǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑːˋ ˔ˑˇˈ˓Ǧ
ˉ˃ˎˋ˔ˎˑ˅˃ǡː˃˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˈ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏˋ˄˖ˍ˅˃ˏˋǡˋ˔ˑǦ
˘˓˃ːˢˎˋ ˒˓ˈˉːˋˈ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢǤ
1. From now on I’m going to spend more time
relaxing to the point of complete inertia. VEG
2. He was dismissed for incompetence. BIN
3. I lose Internet connection when using
uTorrent. BUMP
254
4. News must be made more interesting to at-
tract audience. SEX
5. The film was so boring that I stopped paying
attention to it in ten minutes. ZONE
6. The new producer has really made the show
more intellectual. DUMB
7. The process of providing the factory with
new equipment is rather painful and
expensive. TECH
8. We mustn’t forget about the older generation
in our desire to provide the nation with the
skills necessary to be better at their jobs. SKILL
9. When I don’t know what something is, I just
find it using the Google search engine. GOOGLE
10. You’d have become very angry if you had
been delayed by two hours on your journey. KICK
h౮IIǤ ʠˑˈˇˋːˋ˕ˈ ː˃˚˃ˎˑ ˋ ˍˑːˈ˙ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˌǡ ˊ˃˒ˑˎǦ

ːˋ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋǤ
1. Employees should skill … a. _______ with and then
2. He deliberately sexed … apologize.
3. He was promoted to b. _______ my iPod while
manager when Lewis was playing Angry Birds.
binned … c. _______ for cheap holidays.
4. I don’t have many people d. _______ popular culture.
I can kick … e. _______ business you’ll
5. I keep getting bumped … need huge investments.
6. I vegged … f. _______ to develop their
7. I was so tired that I must careers.
have zoned … g. _______ for mucking up
8. If you want to tech … the project.
9. It will take generations to h. _______ on the sofa, and
dumb… watched Bridget Jone’s Diary.
10. Nowadays more and more i. _______ for a minute.
people are Googling … j. _______ the experiment
results in order to get more
funding.
255
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋǦ
1. A lot of startǦups are planning to _______ staff to handle
more complicated tasks.
a. tech up b. skill up c. dumb up
2. I’ve _______ the babyǦsitter for being negligent.
a. binned off b. kicked off c. bumped off
3. If you have a problem with a virus you may get ________
every few minutes.
a. kicked off b. bumped off c. binned off
4. It took me quite a long time to _______ the right site.
a. veg out b. zone out c. Google out
5. I’ve just been _______ for the past 3 days, so there isn’t
really much to write about.
a. vegging out b. kicking off c. zoning out
6. The show’s success proves his theory that popular culture
is _______.
a. sexing up b. teching up c. dumbing up
7. There is much attempt to _______ things for modern
audience.
a. sex up b. skill up c. tech up
8. These guys started asking me for a fag and then one of
them started to ______.
a. zone out b. bump off c. kick off
9. When she plays the piano it’s so boring that I _______
immediately.
a. veg out b. zone out c. kick off

ͳǤ ʓˉˑˈˎ˃ ˖˅ˑˎˋˎˋ ˊ˃ ˔ˋ˔˕ˈˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ ˒˓ˑˆ˖ˎ˞Ǥ
ʹǤ ʙ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ʬˎˎ˃ ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚ˋˎ˃˔˟ ˋ ˖˔ː˖ˎ˃ ˒˓ˢˏˑ ː˃ ˔ˈ˓ˈǦ
ˇˋːˈ ˇˑˍˎ˃ˇ˃Ǥ
256
͵Ǥ ʛːˈ ˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢ ˢ «ː˃ˆ˖ˆˎˋˎ» ˑ˕ˎˋ˚ː˞ˌ ˑ˕ˈˎ˟ Ȅ ˇˑ˔˕˃Ǧ
˕ˑ˚ːˑ ˇˈ˛ˈ˅˞ˌ ˋ ˍˑˏ˗ˑ˓˕˃˄ˈˎ˟ː˞ˌǤ
ͶǤ ʜ˃ˏ ː˖ˉːˑ ˒ˑ˅˞˔ˋ˕˟ ˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟
˛˕˃˕ː˞˘ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍˑ˅ǡ ˃ ːˈ ː˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟ ːˑ˅˞˘ ˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔Ǧ
˔ˋˑː˃ˎˑ˅Ǥ
ͷǤ ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˃˅˕ˑ˓˞ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ˘ ˓ˑˏ˃ːˑ˅ ˔ˍˎˑːː˞
˒˓ˋ˖ˍ˓˃˛˃˕˟ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˈǤ
͸Ǥ ʞ˓ˋˏˈ˓ːˑ ͷ ˓˃ˊ ˅ ˇˈː˟ ˄ˈˊ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːːˑˌ ˒˓ˋ˚ˋː˞
˖ ˏˈːˢ ˒˓ˈ˓˞˅˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˋː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˈːˋˈ.
͹Ǥ ʞ˓ˑ˙ˈ˔˔ ˕ˈ˘ːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˑˆˑ ˒ˈ˓ˈˑ˔ː˃˜ˈːˋˢ ˔ˈˎ˟˔ˍˋ˘
˄ˑˎ˟ːˋ˙ ˅˔ˈ ˈ˜ˈ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃ˈ˕˔ˢǤ
ͺǤ ʢ˚ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ ˒˓ˈˇ˖˒˓ˈˇˋˎ ˏˈːˢǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˢ ːˈ ˇˈˎ˃ˎ ˔˅ˑˌ
ˇˑˍˎ˃ˇ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˊ˃˖ˏː˞ˏ.
ͻǤ ʮ˄˞˒˓ˈˇ˒ˑ˚ˈˎǡ˚˕ˑ˄˞˕˞ːˈ˒˓ˋˆˎ˃˛˃ˎʛ˃ˍ˔˃Ȅˢːˈ
˘ˑ˚˖ǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞ ˑː ː˃ˏ ˖˔˕˓˃ˋ˅˃ˎ ˕˖˕ ːˈ˒˓ˋˢ˕ːˑ˔˕ˋ.
ͳͲǤ ʮ ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒ˈ˓˅˖ˡ ːˈˇˈˎˡ ˑ˕˒˖˔ˍ˃ ˢ ˄˖ˇ˖ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ
˄ˈˊˇˈˎ˟ːˋ˚˃˕˟.
KEYS
h I.
1. From now on I’m going to spend more time vegging out.
2. He was binned off for incompetence.
3. I get bumped off when using uTorrent.
4. News must be sexed up to attract audience.
5. The film was so boring that I zoned out in ten minutes.
6. The new producer has really dumbed the show up.
7. The process of teching up the factory is rather painful and
expensive.
8. We mustn’t forget about the older generation in our desire
to skill up the nation.
9. When I don’t know what something is, I just Google it out.
10. You’d have kicked off if you had been delayed by two
hours on your journey.
257
PHRASAL VERBS
h II.
1 — up — f 6 — out — h
2 — up — j 7 — out — i
3 — off — g 8 — up — e
4 — off — a 9 — up — d
5 — off — b 10 — out — c
h III.
1—b 4—c 7—a
2—a 5—a 8—c
3—b 6—c 9—b
h IV.
1. Joel was binned off for absenteeism.
2. Ella seemed to have zoned out and fallen asleep right
in the middle of the report.
3. I guess I’ve Googled out a nice hotel — quite cheap and
comfortable.
4. We need to skill up the existing staff instead of hiring
new professionals.
5. Some historical novelists tend to sex up the past.
6. I keep getting bumped of the Internet around 5 times
a day for no reason.
7. The process of teching up rural hospitals is still underway.
8. My teacher warned me not to dumb up my report.
9. I’d rather you didn’t invite Max — I don’t want him kicking
off around here.
10. I think I’ll just veg out during the first week of my vacation.
258
30. INFORMAL
LANGUAGE
Dear Fiona,
Strange things have been happening in the office lately. It seems
to me that people out there have ganged up1 on me and are
trying to boot me out2. Now, judge for yourself. Janet and Cathy
just swan around3 the office doing nothing and when I rebuke
them they just pretend they can’t cotton on4 to what I want. Last
week Ted mucked up5 the project I had been beavering away6
at for three months. But when I was explaining the whole thing
to Mr Roy yesterday he just barged into7 and said that it was me
who had messed up8 the job and went on to putting me down9
in front of him! No one talks to me anymore. When I enter the
room everyone just clams up10. I really feel like jacking this job
in11! I need your advice badly!
Write soon,
Jill
1
gang up
˔ˆˑ˅˃˓ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˑ˄˝ˈˇˋːˢ˕˟ ˔ˋˎ˞
2
boot out
˅˞ˆˑːˢ˕˟
3
swan around
˔ˎˑːˢ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˄˓ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˄ˈˊ ˇˈˎ˃
4
cotton on
˒ˑːˋˏ˃˕˟
5
muck up
ˋ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˋ˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˅˃ˎˋ˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ǡ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː)
6
beaver away
ˍˑ˓˒ˈ˕˟ː˃ˇ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑǡ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ːˈ˒ˑˍˎ˃ˇ˃ˢ˓˖ˍ
7
barge into
˅ˏˈ˛ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˅˃˕˟ ˅ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓
259
PHRASAL VERBS
8
mess up
ˋ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˋ˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˅˃ˎˋ˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ǡ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː)
9
put down
˔ˏǤ ͹Ǥ Feelings; p. 62
10
clam up
ˊ˃ˏˑˎ˚˃˕˟
11
jack in
˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖)
EXTRA EXAMPLES
barge intoȀbarge into sth

It was rude of you to barge into C˕˅ˑˈˌ˔˕ˑ˓ˑː˞˄˞ˎˑˆ˓˖˄ˑ
our conversation yesterday. ˅ˎˈˊ˃˕˟ ˅˚ˈ˓˃ ˅ ː˃˛ ˓˃ˊˆˑǦ
˅ˑ˓Ǥ
beaver away
I have a team of architects ʜ˃ˇ ˒˓ˑˈˍ˕ˑˏ ˏˑˈˆˑ ːˑ˅ˑˆˑ
beavering away at the design ˇˑˏ˃ ːˈ ˒ˑˍˎ˃ˇ˃ˢ ˓˖ˍ ˓˃-
of my new house. ˄ˑ˕˃ˈ˕˙ˈˎ˃ˢˍˑˏ˃ːˇ˃˃˓˘ˋǦ
˕ˈˍ˕ˑ˓ˑ˅Ǥ
boot out sbȀboot sb out
Kenneth has been booted out ʙˈːːˈ˕˃ ˔ːˑ˅˃ ˅˞ˆː˃ˎˋ ˋˊ
of the house again. ˇˑˏ˃Ǥ
clam up
As soon as I told them my ʙ˃ˍ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˢ ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋˎ˔ˢǡ
name, they clammed up. ˑːˋ ˊ˃ˏˑˎ˚˃ˎˋ.
cotton on
Haven’t you cottoned on yet? ʡ˞ ˚˕ˑǡ ˅˔ˈ ˈ˜ˈ ːˈ ˒ˑːˢˎ,
˅ ˚ˈˏ ˇˈˎˑǫ
gang up
All the boys in my class seemed ʙ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˅˔ˈ ˏ˃ˎ˟˚ˋ˛Ǧ
to gang up on me. ˍˋ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˍˎ˃˔˔˃ ˑ˄˝ˈˇˋːˋ-
ˎˋ˔˟ ˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ ˏˈːˢǤ
260
30. INFORMAL LANGUAGE
jack sth inȀjack in sth
Gary is going to jack his ʒ˃˓˓ˋ ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟
present job in. ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖Ǥ
mess up sthȀmess sth up

I’ve messed up an important ʮ ˊ˃˅˃ˎˋˎ ˅˃ˉː˞ˌ ˒˓ˑˈˍ˕ǡ
project, I think I’ll be fired. ˇ˖ˏ˃ˡǡ ˏˈːˢ ˖˅ˑˎˢ˕Ǥ
muck up sthȀmuck sth up

My sister mucked up her ʛˑˢ ˔ˈ˔˕˓˃ ˊ˃˅˃ˎˋˎ˃ ˠˍˊ˃Ǧ
exams. ˏˈː˞Ǥ
swan aroundȀswan around sth

Dana says she’s terribly busy ʓ˃ː˃ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋ˕ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˖ˉ˃˔ːˑ
but she just swans around the ˊ˃ːˢ˕˃ǡ ˃ ˔˃ˏ˃ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˔ˎˑ-
office doing nothing. ːˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˄ˈˊ ˇˈˎ˃ ˒ˑ ˑ˗ˋ˔˖Ǥ
PRACTICE
h౮IǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˢ ˏˈˉˇ˖ ˇ˃ːː˞ˏˋ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈǦ

ːˋˢˏˋ ˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˒ˑ ˕ˈˏˈǤ
1. to begin to understand something
2. to enjoy yourself and behave in a relaxed way that is
annoying to other people
3. to force someone to leave a place, job, or organization,
especially because they have done something wrong
4. to join together, typically in order to intimidate someone
5. to rudely interrupt someone
6. to spoil or do something badly, so that you fail to achieve
something
7. to stop doing something
8. to suddenly stop talking, especially when you are nervous
or shy
9. to work very hard, especially at writing or calculating
something
261
PHRASAL VERBS
ȋː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˢˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋȌ around, away, in,
into, on, out ˋˎˋ up.
1. At that moment, Sandra barged _______ my room without
knocking.
2. I get depressed in my current job so I’m thinking about
jacking it _______.
3. I hate it when Dan and Mike are together; they always
gang _______ on younger boys.
4. I never volunteer for challenging tasks as I’m constantly
afraid that I may muck something _______ badly.
5. If a foreigner should break the law he will be booted _______
of the country.
6. It took me ages to get this grant so I won’t have you mess
it _______.
7. Large stores have at last cottoned _______ to the fact that
some physically challenged people have difficulty in coping
with stairs.
8. We’ve been beavering _______ while Jane, who normally
does this job, has been swanning _______ the office.
9. When he finds himself surrounded with people he doesn’t
know he just clams _______ completely.
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃ˏˈːˋ˕ˈ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏ ˗˓˃ˊˑǦ

˅˞ˈˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ǡˑ˕ːˑ˔ˢ˜ˋˈ˔ˢˍ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓ːˑˏ˖˔˕ˋˎˡǡ
ˋ˘ ːˈˌ˕˓˃ˎ˟ːˑǦ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓ː˞ˏˋ ˠˍ˅ˋ˅˃ˎˈː˕˃ˏˋǤ
dismiss understand
rudely interrupt unite against
stop talking working hard
1. According to psychologists, a lot of people just clam up
when they are having emotional problems.
2. Five employees have been booted out for insubordination
this month.
3. Only after you have evaluated the project thoroughly you
will be able to cotton on to its sustainability threshold.
262
4. Some of the protesters barged into the meeting and
demanded to speak with the manager.
5. The software will allow individuals to coǦoperate on
projects instead of beavering away in isolation.
6. There are alarming signs that the two biggest companies
are ganging up on the rest.
h౮IVǤ ʖ˃ˏˈːˋ˕ˈ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏ ˔ˎˑ˅˃

ˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˞ǡ ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˢ˜ˋˈ˔ˢ ˍ ːˈˌ˕˓˃ˎ˟ːˑǦ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓ːˑǦ
ˏ˖ ˔˕ˋˎˡǡ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅˖ˡ˜ˋˏˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑǦ
ˎ˃ˏˋǡ ˑ˕ːˑ˔ˢ˜ˋˏˋ˔ˢ ˍ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓ːˑˏ˖ ˔˕ˋˎˡǤ
beaver away at jack in
clam up muck up
cotton on to swan around
1. After Bill left the teaching job, he got herself a good posi-
tion with a travel agency.
2. Dave has been working slowly and perseveringly on his
project for months.
3. Ella soon realised what I was trying to tell her.
4. If Patty fails her driving test again, I doubt if she’ll ever dare
to take it again.
5. The last thing I need tonight is Sophie wandering idly
looking like a pop prinsess.
6. The teacher asked who had smashed a stone through the
window, but the class kept silent.

ͳǤ ʒˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː ʤˋˍ˔ ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎ ˖ˉˈ ˇˈ˔ˢ˕˟ ˏˋː˖˕ǡ ˃ ˢ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ
ː˃˚˃ˎ ˒ˑːˋˏ˃˕˟ǡ ˑ ˚˩ˏǤ
ʹǤ ʛˈːˢ ˓˃ˊˇ˓˃ˉ˃ˈ˕ ˕ˑǡ ˚˕ˑ ˑː˃ ˄ˈ˔˙ˈˎ˟ːˑ ˔ˎˑːˢˈ˕˔ˢ
˒ˑ ˑ˗ˋ˔˖ ˒ˑ˔˓ˈˇˋ ˓˃˄ˑ˚ˈˆˑ ˇːˢǤ
͵Ǥ ʛ˞ˊ˃ˏˈ˕ˋˎˋǡ˚˕ˑʜˋˍˋˊ˃ˏˑˎˍˎ˃ǡˍ˃ˍ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ˒ˑˢ˅ˋˎǦ
˔ˢ ˠ˕ˑ˕ ˏ˖ˉ˚ˋː˃Ǥ
ͶǤ ʛ˞ ˍˑ˓˒ˋˏ ː˃ˇ ˠ˕ˑˌ ˒˓ˑ˄ˎˈˏˑˌ ˖ˉˈ ːˈˇˈˎˡǡ ːˑ ˒ˑˍ˃
˚˕ˑ ˄ˈˊ ˑ˔ˑ˄ˑˆˑ ˖˔˒ˈ˘˃Ǥ
263
PHRASAL VERBS
ͷǤ ʝː˄˞ˎˑ˚ˈː˟˓ˑ˄ˍˋˏˋːˋ˚ˈˆˑːˈˏˑˆ˒ˑˇˈˎ˃˕˟˔˕ˈˏǡ
˚˕ˑ ˈˆˑ ˑˇːˑˍˎ˃˔˔ːˋˍˋ ˒ˑ˔˕ˑˢːːˑ ˅˞ˆˑːˢˎˋ ˈˆˑ ˋˊ
ˍˎ˃˔˔˃Ǥ
͸Ǥ ʞ˃˕˕ˋ ˒ˑˉ˃ˎˑ˅˃ˎ˃˔˟ǡ ˚˕ˑ ˈˈ ˍˑˎˎˈˆˋ ˔ˆˑ˅ˑ˓ˋˎˋ˔˟
˒˓ˑ˕ˋ˅ ːˈˈǤ
͹Ǥ ʞ˓ˋˈˊˇ ˕ˈ˜ˋ ː˃˓˖˛ˋˎ ˅˔ˈ ˏˑˋ ˒ˎ˃ː˞Ǥ
ͺǤ ʡˈ˄ˈ ːˈ ˄˞ˎˑ ːˈˑ˄˘ˑˇˋˏˑ˔˕ˋ ˅ˎˈˊ˃˕˟ ˔ˑ ˔˅ˑˋˏˋ ˆˎ˖Ǧ
˒˞ˏˋ ˍˑˏˏˈː˕˃˓ˋˢˏˋǤ
ͻǤ ʮ˄˞ˎ˒ˑ˚˕ˋ˖˅ˈ˓ˈːǡ˚˕ˑʐˑ˄˅˔ˈˋ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˋ˕ǡːˑǡ˅˔ˈˉˈǡ
˓ˈ˛ˋˎ ˇ˃˕˟ ˈˏ˖ ˛˃ː˔Ǥ
KEYS
h I.
1. to cotton on 6. to muck upȀto mess up
2. to swan around 7. to jack in
3. to boot out 8. to clam up
4. to gang up 9. to beaver away
5. to barge into
h౮II.
1 — into 6 — up
2 — in 7 — on
3 — up 8 — awayȀaround
4 — up 9 — up
5 — out
h III.
1. stop talking
2. have been dismissed
3. understand
4. rudely interrupted
5. working hard
6. are uniting against
264
h IV.
1. jacked in
2. has been beavering away at
3. cottoned on to
4. mucks up
5. swanning around
6. clammed up
h V.
1. Mr Hicks had been speaking for ten minutes half before
I cottoned on.
2. Her swanning around the office in the middle of the work-
ing day annoys me.
3. We noticed that Nikki clammed up as soon as that man
appeared.
4. We’ve been beavering away at this problem for a week
already but so far without much success.
5. He was very timid and couldn’t help being booted out of
the class by his classǦmates.
6. Patty complained that her colleagues had ganged up on
her.
7. My motherǦinǦlaw’s visit really messed up all my plans.
8. There was no need for you to barge into with your stupid
comments.
9. I was pretty sure Bob would muck the whole thing up but
still decided to give him a chance.
265
REVISION 26—30

˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊ˞Ǥ
1. Carol is a real showǦoff. She enjoys …
a. distracting people
b. attracting everybody’s attention
c. showing people around
2. I think Laurel’s sympathy for Jill is all putǦon. Laurel is not
being …
a. sincere b. friendly c. clever
3. If a piece of news has been sexed up it has been made …
a. mere sexually attractive
b. more interesting
c. more indecent
4. If someone is going to veg out, he’s likely to …
a. grow vegetables
b. become a vegetarian
c. relax
5. If someone lets off steam he may …
a. shout at you b. smile at you c. stare at you
6. If you have mucked up your driving exam, you …
a. have passed it
b. will have to take it again
c. will get your driver’s license
7. If your boss is turning on the heat he is …
a. turning the central heating on
b. exerting pressure on you
c. heating up some coffee
266
REVISION 26—30
8. If your colleagues have ganged up on you, they have …
a. invited you to join an informal group
b. set a local gang on you
c. decided to oppose you
9. The shop has already sold out those sneakers; they should
have ordered …
a. more
b. less
c. the same amount
10. When you’ve finished the assignment, please hand in
your …
a. answer sheets b. textbooks c. notebooks
ˉˋ˓ː˞ˏ˛˓ˋ˗˕ˑˏǡ˕˃ˍǡ˚˕ˑ˄˞ˑːˋ˔ˑˇˈ˓ˉ˃ˎˋ˔ˎˑǦ
˅˃ǡ ː˃˒ˋ˔˃ːː˞ˈ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˏˋ ˄˖ˍ˅˃ˏˋǡ ˋ ˔ˑ˘˓˃ːˢˎˋ
˒˓ˈˉːˋˈ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˢǤ
1. After such a hard day I feel like giving this
job up. IN
2. Chris is working hard to keep his repair shop
running smoothly. AWAY
3. Household wastes are collected in our neigh-
bourhood on Thursdays. UP
4. I changed the settings but lost Internet
connection again, almost immediately. OFF
5. I really wanted a tuna and cheese sandwich
and ordered one to eat outside. AWAY
6. In the middle of the party Phil rudely
interrupted our cosy evening. INTO
7. Oliver likes to go around the office with no
real purpose while others are working. AROUND
8. Roadwork is reducing the speed of traffic on
the San Bernardino freeway. DOWN
9. Some fans had to join a line of people
waiting all day for their turn just to get in. UP
10. The secretary confused the appointments
and disrupted the whole procedure. UP
267
PHRASAL VERBS
h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˏˑˆ˖˕
˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˖ˍ˃ˊ˃ːː˞ˏˋ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˆ˃ˏˋ ˋ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕Ǧ
˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˒˓ˋ˅ˈˇˈːː˞ˏ ˅ ˔ˍˑ˄ˍ˃˘ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːˋˢˏǤ
a. _______ (to put or

leave in a particular c. _______ (to become
place without very angry and start an
ceremony or formality) argument or fight)
1. off
b. _______ (to remove d. _______ (to avoid

smb from a job or encroaching on or
position) touching)
a. _______ (to force c. _______ (to stop

smb to leave a place or thinking or noticing
job because they have what is going around
done sth wrong) you)
2. out
b. _______ (to search

d. _______ (to relax to
for sth on the Internet
the point of complete
using the Google ™
inertia)
search engine)
a. _______ (to c. _______ (to provide

suddenly stop talking, smb with the skills
because you are necessary to be better
nervous or shy) at their job)
3. up
d. _______ (to let smb

b. _______ (to make
else have something
something appear
because they need it
more intellectual)
more than you)
268
REVISION 26—30
a. _______ (to begin b. _______ (to put on

to understand 4. on an item of clothing to
something) see if it fits or suits one)

˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˅ ː˖ˉːˑˌ ˗ˑ˓ˏˈǡ
ˋˇˋˑˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˏˋ˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢˏˋǡ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞Ǧ
ˏˋ ˋˎˋ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏˋǡ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ːː˞ˏˋ ˋˊ
˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅Ǥ
Hi, Sue
I haven’t heard from you for a while, so I’m a bit worried. How
are you? How’s Tony? I couldn’t believe it when I heard about his
(1) _______ with Linda. They were such a nice couple, weren’t
they? I hope he isn’t all too (2) _______. Give him love, sis.
Anyway, I’m on vacation now but with all my near and dear I don’t
have time just to (3) _______ in front of the TV or (4) _______
the house. The twins have started to (5) _______. Quite until
recently they used to (6) _______, but now they are constantly
fighting each other. Every time Mike or I try to talk to them they
just (7) _______ and won’t listen to us! We know it’s their awk-
ward age, but we are none the happier for knowing it.
Lucy spends her days (8) _______ at her desk and (9) _______
for her graduation exams. She knows that we (10) _______ to
find her a good job and she doesn’t want to fail us.
Well, are you coming to Brighton soon? I miss you, sis! Phone or
email me, OK?
Love,
Nina XXX

ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ǡ ˋˇˋˑˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˈ
˅˞˓˃ˉˈːˋˢǡ ˒˓ˋˎ˃ˆ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˈ ˋˎˋ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟Ǧ
ː˞ˈǡ ˑ˄˓˃ˊˑ˅˃ːː˞ˈ ˋˊ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎˑ˅Ǥ
269
PHRASAL VERBS
ͳǤ ʓˑ˓ˑˉːˑˌ ˒ˑˎˋ˙ˋˋ ˇ˃˅ːˑ ˒ˑ˓˃ ː˃˚˃˕˟ ˄ˑ˓˟˄˖ ˔ ˄ˈˊǦ
ˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˈːː˞ˏˋ ˅ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˢˏˋǤ
ʹǤ ʛːˈ ˍ˃ˉˈ˕˔ˢǡ ˚˕ˑ ˒˓ˈˇ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕ˈˎˋ ˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅ ˏ˃˔˔ˑ˅ˑˌ
ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˋ ː˃ˏˈ˓ˈːːˑ ˔ˆ˖˜˃ˡ˕ ˍ˓˃˔ˍˋ ˅ ːˑ˅ˑ˔˕ˢ˘
ˋ ˖˔ˎˑˉːˢˡ˕ ˢˊ˞ˍǤ
͵Ǥ ʜ˃ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˌ ːˈˇˈˎˈ ˆˑ˔˒ˑˇˋː˃ ʏˇ˃ˏ˔˃ ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˋˎˋ ː˃
˒ˈː˔ˋˡǡ ˋ «ˊˑˎˑ˕ˑˈ ˓˖ˍˑ˒ˑˉ˃˕ˋˈ» ˅ ˅ˋˇˈ ˅˞˘ˑˇːˑˆˑ
˒ˑ˔ˑ˄ˋˢ ˄˞ˎˑ ˒˓ˈˇː˃ˊː˃˚ˈːˑ ˕ˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˇˎˢ ˕ˑˆˑǡ ˚˕ˑ˄˞
˒ˑ˔˕˃˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ˏˢˆ˚ˋ˕˟ ˠ˕ˑ ˔ˑ˄˞˕ˋˈǤ ʜ˃ ˔˃ˏˑˏ ˇˈˎˈǡ
ˈˆˑ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˖˅ˑˎˋˎˋ.
ͶǤ ʞˎ˃˕˟ˈ ˄˞ˎˑ ːˈ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˋˏǡ ˠ˕ˑ ˄˞ˎ
ː˃˔˕ˑˢ˜ˋˌ ˆ˓˃˄ˈˉǨ ʙˑˆˇ˃ ˇˑ ˏˑˈˆˑ ˏ˖ˉ˃ ˇˑˌˇˈ˕,
˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˢ ˊ˃ ːˈˆˑ ˊ˃˒ˎ˃˕ˋˎ˃ǡ ˑː ˄˖ˇˈ˕ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑ ˅ːˈ
˔ˈ˄ˢǤ
ͷǤ ʮ˅˔ˈˈ˜ˈːˈ˓ˈ˛ˋˎ, ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ˎˋˏːˈˏˑˡ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ˋˎˋ
˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃˕˟ ˕˃ˏ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ǡ ːˈ ˒ˑˍˎ˃ˇ˃ˢ ˓˖ˍ.
KEYS
h I.
1—b 5—a 9—a
2—a 6—b 10 — a
3—b 7—b
Ͷ Ȅ ˔ ͺ Ȅ ˔
h II.
1. After such a hard day I feel like jacking this job in.
2. Chris is beavering away to keep his repair shop running
smoothly.
3. Household wastes are picked up in our neighbourhood on
Thursdays.
4. I changed the settings but got bumped off again, almost
immediately.
270
REVISION 26—30
5. I really wanted a tuna and cheese sandwich and ordered
one to take away.
6. In the middle of the party Phil barged into our cosy
evening.
7. Oliver likes to swan around while others are working.
8. Roadwork is slowing down traffic on the San Bernardino
freeway.
9. Some fans had to queue up all day just to get in.
10. The secretary messed up the appointments and disrupted
the whole procedure.
h III.
1. off a. to drop b. to bin c. to kick d. to keep
2. out a. to boot b. to Google c. to zone d. to veg
3. up a. to clam b. to dumb c. to skill d. to give
4. on a. to cotton b. to try
h IV.
1. breakǦup
2. stressedǦout
3. veg out
4. swan around
5. kick off
7. zone out
8. beavring away
9. swotting up
10. have pulled all the stops out
h V.
1. It’s time road police should turn on the heat on reckless
drivers.
271
PHRASE VERBS
2. It seems to me that mass media people deliberately sex up
news and dumb up its language.
3. Mr Adams was pensioned off last week and the golden
handshake was meant only to take the sting out of it. In
fact, he was just binned off.
4. The dress wasn’t just overpriced, it was a real rip-off! When
my husband cottons on to how much I paid for it, he’ll just
go mad.
5. I haven’t made up my mind yet whether to jack in my
present job or go on beavering away.
VOCABULARY
A
amount to sth
ˇˑ˔˕ˋˆ˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˇˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˇˑ ȋˍ˃ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅˃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
ask sb out
ː˃ˊː˃˚˃˕˟ ˔˅ˋˇ˃ːˋˈǡ ˒˓ˋˆˎ˃˛˃˕˟ ȋˍ˖ˇ˃Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
B
back up sth or back sth up
ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˓ˈˊˈ˓˅ː˖ˡ ˍˑ˒ˋˡ ˗˃ˌˎ˃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
balance out
˖˓˃˅ːˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˋ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅ ˔ˑˑ˕˅ˈ˕˔˕˅ˋˈǡ
ˍˑˏ˒ˈː˔ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
barge into or barge into sth
˅ˏˈ˛ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˔˕˓ˈ˅˃˕˟ ˅ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
be / get bogged down
˖˅ˢˊː˖˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˔˕˓ˢ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
be / get bumped off
˖˕˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˈːˋˈ ˔ ʗː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ˑˏ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
be bursting with sth
˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˎːˢ˕˟ǡ ˄˞˕˟ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˎːˈːː˞ˏ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
be dotted with sth
˖˔ˈˢːː˞ˌ ȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˒ˑˎː˞ˌ ȋ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
be into sb
ˋː˕ˈ˓ˈ˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
be pressed for sth
ːˈ ˘˅˃˕˃˕˟ ȋ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
be rained off
ˑ˕ˏˈːˋ˕˟ ˋˊǦˊ˃ ˇˑˉˇˢǢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
be steeped in
˒ˑˎː˞ˌǡ ˒˓ˑːˋˊ˃ːː˞ˌ ȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑǢ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˈˌǡ
˕˓˃ˇˋ˙ˋˢˏˋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
be taken aback
ˊ˃˘˅˃˕ˋ˕˟ ˅˓˃˔˒ˎˑ˘Ǣ ˒ˑ˓˃ˊˋ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
beat down
ˎˋ˕˟ ȋˑ ˇˑˉˇˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
beaver away
ˍˑ˓˒ˈ˕˟ ȋː˃ˇ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ ːˈ ˒ˑˍˎ˃ˇ˃ˢ ˓˖ˍ . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
bin sb off
˖˅ˑˎˋ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
273
PHRASAL VERBS
black out
ː˃ ˏˆːˑ˅ˈːˋˈ ˕ˈ˓ˢ˕˟ ˔ˑˊː˃ːˋˈ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
aȌ ːˈ ˅˞ˇˈˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˕ˑˎ˒ˈȌǡ ˔ˏˈ˛˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˕ˑˎ˒ˑˌ);
bȌ ˅ˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˍˑˎˎˈˍ˕ˋ˅). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˆ˃˓ˏˑːˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
block out sth or block sth out
˄ˎˑˍˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔˕ˈ˓ˈ˕˟ ˋˊ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
block sb ȋsth) in
˄ˎˑˍˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ȋˏ˃˛ˋː˖). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
blot sth out
ˊ˃ˍ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˕˖˚˃˘) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
blow out
˓˃ˊ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋ˛ˋː˖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
blow over
ˏˋːˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ȋˑ ˆ˓ˑˊˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
boot out sb or boot sb out
˅˞ˆˑːˢ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
branch off
ˑ˕ˇˈˎˢ˕˟˔ˢǢ ˑ˕˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˑ˕ ˆˎ˃˅ːˑˆˑ ː˃˒˓˃˅ˎˈːˋˢǡ
ˑ˕˅ˈ˕˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
break into sth
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˕˓˃˕ˋ˕˟ ȋˇˈː˟ˆˋǡ ˔˄ˈ˓ˈˉˈːˋˢ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
break off
˓˅˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ˕ːˑ˛ˈːˋˢ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
break out in sth
˒ˑˍ˓˞˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˒ˑ˕ˑˏǡ ˔˞˒˟ˡ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
break through or break through sth
˒˓ˑ˄ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˞ˆˎˢː˖˕˟ ȋˑ ˔ˑˎː˙ˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
break up
˓˃ˊ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
break-up
˔˖˜Ǥ ˓˃ˊ˓˞˅ǡ ˓˃ˊ˅ˑˇ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
brighten up
ͳȌ ˓˃ˇˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˇˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
ʹȌ ˒˓ˑˢ˔ːˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˒ˑˆˑˇˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
bring forward sth or bring sth forward
˒ˈ˓ˈːˈ˔˕ˋ ː˃ ˄ˑˎˈˈ ˓˃ːːˋˌ ˔˓ˑˍ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
bring up sb or bring sb up
˅ˑ˔˒ˋ˕˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃˔˕ˋ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
bring up sth or bring sth up
˒ˑˇːˋˏ˃˕˟ ȋ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
brush up ȋon) sth or brush sth up
ˑ˔˅ˈˉ˃˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟ǡ ˔ˑ˅ˈ˓˛ˈː˔˕˅ˑ˅˃˕˟ ȋˊː˃ːˋˢ) . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
274
VOCABULARY
buckle down
˔ˈ˓˟ˈˊːˑ ˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˊ˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
build up sth or build sth up
ː˃˓˃˜ˋ˅˃˕˟ ȋˏ˖˔ˍ˖ˎ˞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
bump up sth or bump sth up
˒ˑ˅˞˛˃˕˟ǡ ˖˅ˈˎˋ˚ˋ˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
burn off sth or burn sth off
˔ˉˋˆ˃˕˟ ȋˍ˃ˎˑ˓ˋˋȌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
C
call back or call sb back or call back sb
˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
call sth up
ː˃˒ˑˏˋː˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑ˄˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˅ˑ˔˒ˑˏˋː˃ːˋˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
check in
˓ˈˆˋ˔˕˓ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˆˑ˔˕ˋːˋ˙ˈǡ ː˃ ˓ˈˌ˔). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
check out sth or check sth out
˒ˑˇ˕˅ˈ˓ˉˇ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
check out
˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˋ ˑ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇˋ˕˟ ːˑˏˈ˓ ˅ ˆˑ˔˕ˋːˋ˙ˈ. . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
clam up
ˊ˃ˏˑˎ˚˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
clock in
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ȋ˅ ˖˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˎˈːːˑˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ);
˗ˋˍ˔ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇ˃ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍ˃ ː˃ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
clock out
ˊ˃ˍ˃ː˚ˋ˅˃˕˟ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ ȋ˅ ˖˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˎˈːːˑˈ ˅˓ˈˏˢ);
˗ˋˍ˔ˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˕ˑ ˅˓ˈˏˢǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˔ˑ˕˓˖ˇːˋˍ ˊ˃ˍ˃ː˚ˋ˅˃ˈ˕
˓˃˄ˑ˚ˋˌ ˇˈː˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
coast along
ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌ ˄ˈˊ ˑ˔ˑ˄˞˘ ˖˔ˋˎˋˌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
come back to sb.
˅˔˒ˑˏˋː˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ː˃ ˒˃ˏˢ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
come back to sth
˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˍ ˒˓ˈˇˏˈ˕˖ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓˃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
come down with sth
ˊ˃˄ˑˎˈ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
come off it!
«ʓ˃ ˄˓ˑ˔˟ ˕˞Ǩ»: «ʤ˅˃˕ˋ˕ ˕˓ˈ˒˃˕˟˔ˢǨ»
ȋːˈˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
come on
ͳȌ ˅ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ˈȌǢ ˊ˃ˆˑ˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˎ˃ˏ˒ˑ˚ˍˈ). . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
ʹȌ ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
come on!
1) «ʜ˖ǡ ˇ˃˅˃ˌǨ»: «ʑ˒ˈ˓ˈˇǨ» ȋ˒ˑˑ˜˓ˈːˋˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
2) «ʐ˓ˑ˔˟Ǩ»: «ʓ˃ ˎ˃ˇːˑ ˕ˈ˄ˈǨ» ȋːˈˇˑ˅ˈ˓ˋˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
275
PHRASAL VERBS
come up with sth
˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˋ˕˟ ȋˋˇˈˡǡ ˒ˎ˃ː) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
come up
˒ˑˢ˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋː˃ ˠˍ˓˃ːˈǢ ˑ˄ ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
cool down
ͳȌ ˑ˔˕˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˖˔˒ˑˍ˃ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
ʹȌ ˑ˘ˎ˃ˉˇ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˑ˔˕˞˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
cotton on
˒ˑːˋˏ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
cough up
˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
cut back or cut back sth or cut sth back
˔ːˋˉ˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟ ȋ˙ˈː˞ǡ ˓˃˔˘ˑˇ˞). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
cut down sth or cut sth down or cut down
˔ːˋˉ˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
cut in
˅ˍˎˋːˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˏˈˉˇ˖ ˏ˃˛ˋː˃ˏˋǡ ˒ˑˇ˓ˈˊ˃˕˟
ȋ˃˅˕ˑˏˑ˄ˋˎ˟) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
ː˃˅˓ˈˇˋ˕˟ ˔ˈ˄ˈǡ ˉˈˎ˃ˢ ː˃˅˓ˈˇˋ˕˟ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˏ˖ ʹͺ
cut out sth
or cut sth out
ˋ˔ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟ ͳ
cut sb off
or cut off sb
˒˓ˈ˓˅˃˕˟ ȋ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑːː˞ˌ ˓˃ˊˆˑ˅ˑ˓Ȍǡ ˓˃ˊ˝ˈˇˋːˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
D
deal with sth
ˑ˄˔˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟Ȁ˓˃˔˔ˏ˃˕˓ˋ˅˃˕˟
ȋ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
dress down
ˑˇˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˑȀ˒ˑ˒˓ˑ˜ˈ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
dress up
ː˃˓ˢˉ˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
dress-down
˒˓ˋˎǤ ˑ ˔ˋ˕˖˃˙ˋˋǡ ˍˑˆˇ˃ ˓˃ˊ˓ˈ˛˃ˈ˕˔ˢ ˑˇˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ
ˏˈːˈ ˗ˑ˓ˏ˃ˎ˟ːˑ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
drop off
ˊ˃ˇ˓ˈˏ˃˕˟Ǣ ˊ˃˔ː˖˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
drop out
˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ȋ˖˚˩˄˖ǡ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
drop sb off
˅˞˔˃ˉˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔˔˃ˉˋ˅˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˆˇˈǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
drop sth off
ˑ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ)
276
VOCABULARY
dropout
˔˖˜Ǥ ˚ˈˎˑ˅ˈˍǡ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˅˛ˋˌ ˖˚˩˄˖ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
dumb up sth
or dumb sth up
˒ˑ˅˞˔ˋ˕˟ ˋː˕ˈˎˎˈˍ˕˖˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ ˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
E
ease off
ˑ˔ˎ˃˄ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
eat away at sb
˒ˑ˔˕ˈ˒ˈːːˑ ˓˃ˊ˝ˈˇ˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊ˓˖˛˃˕˟ǡ ˆˎˑˇ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
eat in
˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˇˑˏ˃. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
eat out
˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ˅ːˈ ˇˑˏ˃ ȋ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅ ˓ˈ˔˕ˑ˓˃ː) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
encroach on sth
ː˃˓˖˛˃˕˟Ǣ ˕ˈ˔ːˋ˕˟ǡ ː˃˒ˑˎˊ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
F
fall off
˖˘˖ˇ˛˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
fall out
˔˔ˑ˓ˋ˕˟˔ˢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
falling-out
˔˖˜Ǥ ˔˔ˑ˓˃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
fight off sth or fight sth off
˄ˑ˓ˑ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˄ˑˎˈˊː˟ˡ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
fire away!
«ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˔˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃ˌǨ» ȋ˒ˑˑ˜˓ˈːˋˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
fit in sth or fit sth in
ː˃˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅˓ˈˏˢ ȋˇˎˢ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
flag sb ȋsth) down
˔ˋˆː˃ˎˋˊˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ ˅ˑˇˋ˕ˈˎˡ ˔ ˕˓ˈ˄ˑ˅˃ːˋˈˏ
ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟ ˏ˃˛ˋː˖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
flare up
˅˔˒˞˘ː˖˕˟ ˔ːˑ˅˃ǡ ˑ˄ˑ˔˕˓ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˄ˑˎˈˊːˋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
flash back to sb ȋsth)
˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃˕˟˔ˢ ˍ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˏ˖ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
forge ahead
ˏˈˇˎˈːːˑ ˋ ˓˃˅ːˑˏˈ˓ːˑ ˒˓ˑˇ˅ˋˆ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˅˒ˈ˓˩ˇ. . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
fork out sth
˓˃˔ˍˑ˛ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
freeze up
˅ˋ˔ː˖˕˟ ȋˑ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
freshen up
˒˓ˋ˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˓ˢˇˑˍǡ ˑ˔˅ˈˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
277
PHRASAL VERBS
G
gang up
˔ˆˑ˅˃˓ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˑ˄˝ˈˇˋːˢ˕˟ ˔ˋˎ˞ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
get ahead
˒˓ˈ˖˔˒ˈ˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
get along
ˎ˃ˇˋ˕˟ǡ ˖ˉˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
get away
˅ˊˢ˕˟ ˑ˕˒˖˔ˍǡ ˖ˈˊˉ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
get back to sb
˒ˈ˓ˈˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
get carried away
˖˅ˎˈˍ˃˕˟Ǣ ˑ˘˅˃˕˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˚˖˅˔˕˅ˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
ːˈ˖ˇ˃˚ːˑ ː˃˚˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
ˎ˃ˇˋ˕˟ ˇ˓˖ˆ ˔ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˏǡ ˉˋ˕˟ ˇ˖˛˃ ˅ ˇ˖˛˖ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
get on to sth
ˊ˃ːˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˒˓ˋ˔˕˖˒ˋ˕˟ ȋˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ),
ˇˑ˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˇˑ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
get over sth
˒ˑ˄ˈˉˇ˃˕˟ǡ ˑˇˑˎˈ˅˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˑˎˈˊː˟). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
get through ȋto sb)
˔˅ˢˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒ˑ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑː˖ǡ ˇˑˊ˅ˑːˋ˕˟˔ˢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
get through sth
ͳȌ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔˝ˈˇ˃˕˟ ȋ˅ ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˑˏ
ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
ʹȌ ˅˞ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
get up
˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˒ˑˇːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˔˕˃˅˃˕˟ ȋ˒ˑ˔ˎˈ ˔ː˃) . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
give in
˔ˇ˃˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˖˔˕˖˒˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
give up sth or give sth up
1) ˑ˕ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˄˓ˑ˔ˋ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
ʹȌ ˖˔˕˖˒ˋ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
go about sth
ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡˇˈˎ˃˕˟ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǢ ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟
ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ˒˓ˋ˔˕˖˒˃˕˟ȋˍ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑȌ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
go down
˒ˑːˋˉ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
go for sb
ˎˡ˄ˋ˕˟ǡ ː˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
go on
ˊ˃ˌ˕ˋ ȋ˅ ˋː˕ˈ˓ːˈ˕ǡ ː˃ ˔˃ˌ˕). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
go out with sb
˅˔˕˓ˈ˚˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
278
VOCABULARY
go under
˕ˈ˓˒ˈ˕˟ ːˈ˖ˇ˃˚˖ ȋ˅ ˇˈˎ˃˘Ȍǡ ˓˃ˊˑ˓ˢ˕˟˔ˢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
go up
˖˅ˈˎˋ˚ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓˃˔˕ˋǡ ˒ˑ˅˞˛˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˈǡ
˙ˈːˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
Google sth out
ː˃ˌ˕ˋ ˅ ʒ˖ˆˎˈǡ ː˃ˆ˖ˆˎˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
grow up
˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ˊ˓ˑ˔ˎ˞ˏǡ ˅ˊ˓ˑ˔ˎˈ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
H
hand in sth or hand sth in
˔ˇ˃˅˃˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˅ˑˊ˅˓˃˜˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
hand over sth or hand sth over
˒ˈ˓ˈˇ˃˅˃˕˟ ˅ˎ˃˔˕˟ǡ ˍˑː˕˓ˑˎ˟ǡ ˒ˑˎːˑˏˑ˚ˋˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
hang about!
«ʞˑˇˑˉˇˋǨ»; «ʞˑˆˑˇˋǨ» ȋˑˊ˃˓ˈːˋˈǡ ˖ˇ˃˚ː˃ˢ
ˋˇˈˢ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
hang out ȋinformal)
˕˖˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˆˇˈǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
hang up ȋon) sb
˅ˈ˛˃˕˟Ȁ˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
head sth up or head up sth
˅ˑˊˆˎ˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˓˖ˍˑ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ǡ ˖˒˓˃˅ˎˢ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
hit on sb
ː˃ˊˑˌˎˋ˅ˑ ˖˘˃ˉˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˋ˔˕˃˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
hold on
ˉˇ˃˕˟ ˖ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑː˃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
hold on!
«ʞˑˆˑˇˋǨ»; «ʞˑ˔˕ˑˌǨ» ȋ˖ˇˋ˅ˎˈːˋˈǡ ˊ˃ˏˈ˛˃˕ˈˎ˟˔˕˅ˑ) . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
hold sb up or hold up sb
ˊ˃ˇˈ˓ˉˋ˅˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
hook up sth or hook sth up
˒ˑˇˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ǡ ˒ˑˇ˔ˑˈˇˋːˢ˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˈˇˋːˢ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
J
jack sth in or jack in sth
˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
K
keep sth off or keep off sth
ˇˈ˓ˉ˃˕˟ ˅ ˑ˕ˇ˃ˎˈːˋˋ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
keep up
˄˞˕˟ ˘ˑ˓ˑ˛ˑ ˑ˔˅ˈˇˑˏˎˈːː˞ˏǡ ˄˞˕˟ ˅ ˍ˖˓˔ˈ . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
kick off
˔˕˃˕˟ ˋ˔˕ˑ˚ːˋˍˑˏ ˒˓ˑ˄ˎˈˏ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
279
PHRASAL VERBS
knock off sth or knock sth off
˔˄˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˔ːˋˉ˃˕˟ ȋ˙ˈː˖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
L
lay off sb or lay sb off
˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˖˅ˑˎˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
leak out
˒˓ˑ˔ˑ˚ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˔˕˃˕˟ ˋˊ˅ˈ˔˕ː˞ˏ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
leave aside sth or leave sth aside
ˑ˕ˎˑˉˋ˕˟ǡ ːˈ ˑ˄˔˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ ȋ˅ˑ˒˓ˑ˔) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
let off steam
ˑ˕˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ˇ˖˛˖ǡ ˅˞˒˖˔˕ˋ˕˟ ˒˃˓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
let sb down or let down sb
˓˃ˊˑ˚˃˓ˑ˅˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
level off
˅˞˓˃˅ːˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˔˕˃˄ˋˎˋˊˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
lie in
˅˃ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˒ˑ˔˕ˈˎˋ ȋ˒ˑ ˖˕˓˃ˏ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
lighten up!
«ʢ˔˒ˑˍˑˌ˔ˢǨ»; «ʝ˔˕˞ː˟Ǩ»; «ʜˈ ˄ˈ˓ˋ ˅ ˆˑˎˑ˅˖Ǩ» . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
live on sth
˒ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˉˋ˕˟ ȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
live up to sth
ˑ˒˓˃˅ˇ˞˅˃˕˟ ȋː˃ˇˈˉˇ˞) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
load up or load up sth or load sth up
ˊ˃ˆ˓˖ˉ˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
look after sb
ˊ˃˄ˑ˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˍˑˏǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˒˓ˋ˔ˏ˃˕˓ˋ˅˃˕˟
ȋˊ˃ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
look out!
«ʝ˔˕ˑ˓ˑˉːˈˈǨ»; «ʐˈ˓ˈˆˋ˔˟Ǩ» ȋ˒˓ˈˇ˖˒˓ˈˉˇˈːˋˈ). . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
M
major in sth
˔˒ˈ˙ˋ˃ˎˋˊˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˒ˑ ˍ˃ˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ ˒˓ˈˇˏˈ˕˖
ȋ˅ ˍˑˎˎˈˇˉˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
˓ˈ˛ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˒˓ˋːˢ˕˟ ˓ˈ˛ˈːˋˈ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
make up sth or make sth up
˒˓ˋˇ˖ˏ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅˞ˇ˖ˏ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑ˚ˋːˢ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
make up
ˏˋ˓ˋ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
max out
˅˞ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˇˑ˔˕ˋˆ˃˕˟ ˒˓ˈˇˈˎ˃ ˅ˑˊˏˑˉːˑ˔˕ˈˌ . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
280
VOCABULARY
mess up sth or mess sth up
ˋ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˋ˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˅˃ˎˋ˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ǡ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
move in
˔ˈˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
move up
˒ˑˎ˖˚˃˕˟ ˒ˑ˅˞˛ˈːˋˈǡ ˒˓ˑˇ˅ˋˆ˃˕˟˔ˢ
ȋ˒ˑ ˔ˎ˖ˉ˄ˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
muck up sth or muck sth up
ˋ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˋ˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˅˃ˎˋ˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖ǡ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
mug up sth or mug sth up
ˊ˖˄˓ˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
N
name sb after sb
ː˃ˊ˞˅˃˕˟ ˅ ˚ˈ˔˕˟ ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
O
open up sth or open sth up
ˑ˕ˍ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˇˑ˔˕˖˒ ˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
outstanding
˒˓ˋˎǤ ˢ˓ˍˋˌ ȋ˒˓ˋˏˈ˓) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
overpriced
˒˓ˋˎǤ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˇˑ˓ˑˆˑˌ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
P
pack sth out
ˊ˃˒ˑˎːˢ˕˟ǡ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˒ˑˎːˢ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
pack up
ˋ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˔ˎˑˏ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˞ˌ˕ˋ ˋˊ ˔˕˓ˑˢ
ȋˑ ˏˈ˘˃ːˋˊˏˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
phone around sb
ˑ˄ˊ˅˃ːˋ˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
pick on sb
˒˓ˋˇˋ˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑǡ ˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
pick sb up
˄˓˃˕˟ ˒˃˔˔˃ˉˋ˓˃ǡ ˒ˑˇ˅ˑˊˋ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
pick sth up or pick up sth
ͳȌ ː˃˘˅˃˕˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ː˃˖˚ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑȌ ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ. . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
ʹȌ ˔ˑ˄ˋ˓˃˕˟ ȋˋː˗ˑ˓ˏ˃˙ˋˡ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
͵Ȍ ˊ˃˄ˋ˓˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
pick up ȋspeed)
ː˃˄ˋ˓˃˕˟ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊˆˑːˢ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
pick up ȋthe phone)
˔ːˢ˕˟ ȋ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
pick up
˖˔ˋˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ ˇˑˉˇˈǡ ˅ˈ˕˓ˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
plug in sth or plug sth in
˅ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ˅ ˔ˈ˕˟ǡ ˅˔˕˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ ˅ˋˎˍ˖ ˅ ˓ˑˊˈ˕ˍ˖. . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
281
PHRASAL VERBS
pop up
˅˞˔˅ˈ˚ˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ː˃ ˠˍ˓˃ːˈ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
pour sth into sth
˅ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˑˎ˟˛ˋˈ ˔˖ˏˏ˞ ˇˈːˈˆ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
press on
˔˒ˈ˛ˋ˕˟Ǣ ˃ˍ˕ˋ˅ːˑ ˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
pull all the stops out
ːˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˇ ˚ˈˏ ːˈ ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˒˖˔˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
˅ˑ ˅˔ˈ ˕ˢˉˍˋˈ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
pull in
ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˒˖˕ˋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
˅ˊˢ˕˟ ˔ˈ˄ˢ ˅ ˓˖ˍˋǡ ˔ˑ˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ ˇ˖˘ˑˏ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
pull out
ˑ˕˝ˈˊˉ˃˕˟Ǣ ˖ˈˊˉ˃˕˟Ǣ ˅˞ˈˊˉ˃˕˟ ȋˋˊ ˍ˃ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ
ˏˈ˔˕˃). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
pull over
˔˝ˈˊˉ˃˕˟ ː˃ ˑ˄ˑ˚ˋː˖ ˋ ˑ˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
pull together
˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ ˇ˓˖ˉːˑ ȋ˔ˑˑ˄˜˃). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
pull up
˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͸
put aside sth or put sth aside
ˑ˕ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃˕˟ ˇˈː˟ˆˋ ȋ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˢ˓ːˑ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
put down ȋthe phone)
˒ˑ˅ˈ˔ˋ˕˟ ȋ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
put on sth or put sth on
ː˃ˇˈ˅˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
put out sth or put sth out
˅˞˒˖˔ˍ˃˕˟ǡ ˋˊˇ˃˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
put sb down
ˍ˓ˋ˕ˋˍˑ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˔˖ˉˇ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
put sb through ȋto sb)
˔ˑˈˇˋːˢ˕˟ ȋ˒ˑ ˕ˈˎˈ˗ˑː˖). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
put-on
˒˓ˋˎǤ ː˃˒˖˔ˍːˑˌ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
Q
queue up
˔˕ˑˢ˕˟ ˅ ˑ˚ˈ˓ˈˇˋ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
R
ring off
˅ˈ˛˃˕˟Ȁ˄˓ˑ˔˃˕˟ ˕˓˖˄ˍ˖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͹
rip sb off or rip off sb
ˊ˃˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃˕˟ ˔ˎˋ˛ˍˑˏ ˅˞˔ˑˍ˖ˡ ˙ˈː˖ǡ
ˑ˄ˇˋ˓˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
282
VOCABULARY
rip-off
˔˖˜Ǥ ˏˑ˛ˈːːˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˆ˓˃˄ˈˉ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
root out sth or root sth out
ˑ˕˞˔ˍˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˕ˍ˃˒˞˅˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
run into sth
ˋ˔˚ˋ˔ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ˑ˒˓ˈˇˈˎˈːːˑˌ ˔˖ˏˏˑˌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
run off sth or run sth off
˒ˈ˚˃˕˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ ˠˍˊˈˏ˒ˎˢ˓ˑ˅) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
run on
˒˓ˑˇˑˎˉ˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˇˎˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˇˑˎ˟˛ˈǡ ˚ˈˏ
ˊ˃˒ˎ˒ːˋ˓ˑ˅˃ːːˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
run through sth
ͳȌ ˄˞˔˕˓ˑ ˒˓ˑ˔ˏˑ˕˓ˈ˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑ˅ˈ˓ˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
ʹȌ ˒˓ˑˏˑ˕˃˕˟ ȋˇˈː˟ˆˋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
rustle up sth or rustle sth up
˓˃ˊˇˑ˄˞˕˟ǡ ː˃˔ˍ˓ˈ˔˕ˋ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
S
sail through or sail through sth
˖˔˒ˈ˛ːˑ ˔˒˓˃˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ 11
scrape through or scrape through sth
˔ ˕˓˖ˇˑˏ ˔ˇ˃˕˟ ˠˍˊ˃ˏˈː. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
seize up
ˊ˃ˈˇ˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˕˓˖˜ˋ˘˔ˢ ˇˈ˕˃ˎˢ˘Ȍ ǡ ˊ˃˔˕˓ˈ˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
sell out
˓˃˔˒˓ˑˇ˃˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
sell sth up or sell up sth or sell up
˒˓ˑˇ˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˋˊːˈ˔) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
serve up sth or serve sth up
˒ˑˇ˃˅˃˕˟ ȋˈˇ˖). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
set in
˖˔˕˃ː˃˅ˎˋ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ˄˞˚ːˑ ˑ ˒ˑˆˑˇˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
set out
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˒˖˕ˈ˛ˈ˔˕˅ˋˈ ȋˇˎˋ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
set sb ȋsth) apart or set apart sb ȋsth)
ȋ˅˞ˆˑˇːˑȌ ˑ˕ˎˋ˚˃˕˟ ˑ˕ ˇ˓˖ˆˋ˘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
set sb back
˔˕ˑˋ˕˟ǡ ˑ˄˘ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
set sb up
˒ˑˏˑ˚˟ ȋˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑȌ ˖˔˕˓ˑˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˅˔˕˃˕˟
ː˃ ːˑˆˋ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
set sth off
˅˞ˇˈˎˢ˕˟ǡ ˅˞ˆˑˇːˑ ˒ˑˇ˚˩˓ˍˋ˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
set sth up or set up sth
ˑ˔ːˑ˅˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˕ˍ˓˞˅˃˕˟ ȋˇˈˎˑǡ ˍˑˏ˒˃ːˋˡ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
283
PHRASAL VERBS
sex up sth or sex sth up
˒˓ˋ˖ˍ˓˃˛ˋ˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
shake off sth or shake sth off
ˋˊ˄˃˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ˕ ˄ˑˎˈˊːˋȌǢ ˄ˑ˓ˑ˕˟˔ˢ
ȋ˔ ˄ˑˎˈˊː˟ˡ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
shop around
˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˒ˑ ˏ˃ˆ˃ˊˋː˃ˏ ȋ˅ ˒ˑˋ˔ˍ˃˘ ː˃ˋˎ˖˚˛ˈˌ ˙ˈː˞) . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
show off
ˍ˓˃˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓ˋ˔ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
show-off
˔˖˜Ǥ ˘˅˃˔˕˖ːǡ ˒ˑˊˈ˓ǡ ˊ˃ˇ˃˅˃ˍ˃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
shut sth ȋsb) down or shut down sth ȋsb)
˒˓ˈˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˈ˔ˈˍ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
shut sth down or shut down sth or shut down
˅˞ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟ǡ ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˋǦ
˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ 19
shy away from sth
˔˕ˑ˓ˑːˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˋˊ˄ˈˆ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
skill up sb or skill sb up
˒ˑ˅˞˔ˋ˕˟ ˍ˅˃ˎˋ˗ˋˍ˃˙ˋˡȀ ˒˓ˑ˗ˈ˔˔ˋˑː˃ˎ˟ː˞ˌ
˖˓ˑ˅ˈː˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
sleep in
˔˒˃˕˟ ˇˑˎ˟˛ˈ ˑ˄˞˚ːˑˆˑ˕ˈˏ˃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
slim down or slim down sth or slim sth down
˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟ǡ ˔ˑˍ˓˃˜˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˎˋ˚ˈ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˑ˄˝˩ˏȌ . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
slip sth on or slip on
ː˃˙ˈ˒ˋ˕˟ ȋˑˇˈˉˇ˖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
slow down
ͳȌ ˕ˑ˓ˏˑˊˋ˕˟ ȋˑ ˍˑˏ˒˟ˡ˕ˈ˓ˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
ʹȌ ˔ːˋˊˋ˕˟ ˔ˍˑ˓ˑ˔˕˟ ȋˑ ˕˓˃ː˔˒ˑ˓˕ːˑˏ
˔˓ˈˇ˔˕˅ˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
soak up sth or soak sth up
˅˒ˋ˕˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
sound out sb or sound sb out
˅˞ˢ˔ːˢ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˅˞˔˒˓˃˛ˋ˅˃˕˟ ȋˑ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
spell out sth or spell sth out
˓˃ˊ˝ˢ˔ːˢ˕˟ǡ ˓˃˔˕ˑˎˍˑ˅˞˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
spit it out!
«ʓ˃˅˃ˌ ˅˞ˍˎ˃ˇ˞˅˃ˌǨ»; «ʙˑˎˋ˔˟Ǩ»; «ʑ˃ˎˢˌǨ»
ȋ˒ˑˑ˜˓ˈːˋˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
split up
˓˃˔˘ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͺ
square up
˓˃˔˒ˎ˃˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓˃˔˔˚ˋ˕˃˕˟˔ˢǢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͶ
stake out sth ȋsb) or stake sth ȋsb) out
˅ˈ˔˕ˋ ː˃˄ˎˡˇˈːˋˈǡ ˔ˎˈˇˋ˕˟ ȋˊ˃ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˋˎˋ
˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
284
VOCABULARY
stand down
˖˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˅ ˑ˕˔˕˃˅ˍ˖ ȋ˔ ˍ˃ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˒ˑ˔˕˃) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
stand out
˄˞˕˟ ˊ˃ˏˈ˕ː˞ˏǡ ˅˞ˇˈˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
start off
ˑ˕˒˓˃˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˒˖˕˟). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
start sth up or start up sth or start up
ː˃˚˃˕˟ǡ ˑ˓ˆ˃ːˋˊˑ˅˃˕˟ ȋ˄ˋˊːˈ˔). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
start up or start up sth or start sth up
ː˃˚ˋː˃˕˟ ˓˃˄ˑ˕˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
stay in
ˑ˔˕˃˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ˇˑˏ˃ǡ ːˈ ˅˞˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
stay up
ːˈ ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˔˒˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
steady on!
«ʢ˔˒ˑˍˑˌ˔ˢǨ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͷ
stick with sb
ːˈ ˑ˔˕˃˅ˎˢ˕˟ǡ ːˈ ˒ˑˍˋˇ˃˕˟Ǣ ˑ˔˕˃˅˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˔ ˍˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
stir sth up
˅ˑ˓ˑ˛ˋ˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟ ˅ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
stop off
ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˅ ˒˖˕ˋǡ ˔ˇˈˎ˃˕˟ ˑ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˍ˖ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
store up sth or store sth up
ː˃ˍ˃˒ˎˋ˅˃˕˟ǡ ˊ˃˒ˑˏˋː˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
stressed-out
˒˓ˋˎǤ ː˃˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˌ˔ˢ ˅ ˔ˑ˔˕ˑˢːˋˋ ˔˕˓ˈ˔˔˃. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͹
stretch out
ˋˏˈ˕˟ ˒˓ˑ˕ˢˉˈːˋˈǡ ˒˓ˑ˔˕ˋ˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˒˓ˑ˔˕˓˃ː˔˕˅ˈ). . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͵
summon up sth
˅˞ˊ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅ˑ˔ˍ˓ˈ˛˃˕˟ ˅ ˒˃ˏˢ˕ˋ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
swan around or swan around sth
˔ˎˑːˢ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˄˓ˑˇˋ˕˟ ˄ˈˊ ˇˈˎ˃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵Ͳ
swell up
ˑ˒˖˘˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
switch off sth or switch sth off or switch off
˅˞ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˖˔˕˓ˑˌ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑǦ
˒ˋ˕˃ːˋˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
switch on sth or switch sth on or switch on
˅ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˖˔˕˓ˑˌ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑǦ
˒ˋ˕˃ːˋˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
swot up or swot up sth or swot sth up
˖˔ˈ˓ˇːˑ ˋˊ˖˚˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͳ
T
tail off
˖ˏˈː˟˛˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˖˘˖ˇ˛˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͶ
285
PHRASAL VERBS
take after sb
˒ˑ˘ˑˇˋ˕˟ ȋː˃ ˍˑˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
take away
˖ːˑ˔ˋ˕˟ǡ ˄˓˃˕˟ ˔ ˔ˑ˄ˑˌ ȋː˃˒ˋ˕ˍˋǡ ˈˇ˖). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
take off
˅ˊˎˈ˕ˈ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
take on sb or take sb on
˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ː˃ ˔ˎ˖ˉ˄˖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
take on sth or take sth on
˄˓˃˕˟ ȋ˓˃˄ˑ˕˖) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
take over or take over sth or take sth over
ͳȌ ˒˓ˋːˋˏ˃˕˟ ȋˇˑˎˉːˑ˔˕˟ǡ ˑ˄ˢˊ˃ːːˑ˔˕ˋ)
ˑ˕ ˇ˓˖ˆˑˆˑ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳʹ
ʹȌ ˒ˑˆˎˑ˜˃˕˟ ȋ˗ˋ˓ˏ˖ ˒˖˕ˈˏ ˒ˑˍ˖˒ˍˋ ˍˑː˕˓ˑˎ˟ːˑˆˑ
˒˃ˍˈ˕˃ ˈˈ ˃ˍ˙ˋˌ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
˔˕˃˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔ˏˢˆ˚ˋ˕˟ ȋ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
take to sth
˒˓ˋ˔˕˓˃˔˕ˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˖˅ˎˈ˚˟˔ˢ ȋ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
take up sth or take sth up
ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟ ȋ˅˓ˈˏˢ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
tech up sth or tech sth up
˕ˈ˘ːˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋ ˒ˈ˓ˈˑ˔ː˃˔˕ˋ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
tell sb ȋsth) from sb ȋsth)
ˑ˕ˎˋ˚˃˕˟ǡ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͸
throw up or throw sth up or throw up sth
˔˕˓˃ˇ˃˕˟ ˓˅ˑ˕ˑˌǡ ˄ˎˈ˅˃˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͵
tick off sth or tick sth off or tick sth off sth
ˑ˕ˏˈ˚˃˕˟ ȋˆ˃ˎˑ˚ˍˑˌȌǡ ˔˕˃˅ˋ˕˟ ˑ˕ˏˈ˕ˍ˖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͷ
tone up sth or tone sth up or tone up
˒ˑ˅˞˛˃˕˟ ˕ˑː˖˔ǡ ˖ˍ˓ˈ˒ˎˢ˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
touch down
˒˓ˋˊˈˏˎˋ˕˟˔ˢǡ ˍˑ˔ː˖˕˟˔ˢ ˊˈˏˎˋ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ
try sth on or try on sth
˒˓ˋˏˈ˓ˢ˕˟ ȋ˒ˎ˃˕˟ˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹ͸
tuck in
ˉ˃ˇːˑ ˈ˔˕˟ǡ ˖˒ˎˈ˕˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ
tug at sb’s heart
˕˓ˑː˖˕˟ ȋ˚˟ˈǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˔ˈ˓ˇ˙ˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹʹ
turn in
ˎˈ˚˟ ˔˒˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
turn off sth or turn sth off
˅˞ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˖˔˕˓ˑˌ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑǦ˒ˋ˕˃ːˋˈ) . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
turn on sth or turn sth on
˅ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟ ȋ˒˓ˋ˄ˑ˓ǡ ˖˔˕˓ˑˌ˔˕˅ˑǡ ˠˎˈˍ˕˓ˑǦ˒ˋ˕˃ːˋˈ) . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
turn on the heat
286
VOCABULARY
ˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟ ˔ˋˎ˟ːˑˈ ˇ˃˅ˎˈːˋˈǡ ː˃ˉ˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
turn the clock back
˅ˈ˓ː˖˕˟ ˒˓ˑ˛ˎˑˈ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
turn to sth
˄˓˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋˊ˃ ˚˕ˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌǡ ˒˓ˋˑ˄˜ˋ˕˟˔ˢ
ȋˍ ˚ˈˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
V
veg out
˄ˈˊˇˈˎ˟ːˋ˚˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
W
wait up
ːˈ ˎˑˉˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˔˒˃˕˟ ȋˇˑ ˚˟ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˒˓ˋ˘ˑˇ˃) . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
˓˃˔ˍ˓ˑˌ ˆˎ˃ˊ˃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͺ
wake up
˒˓ˑ˔˞˒˃˕˟˔ˢǢ ˄˖ˇˋ˕˟. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͲ
warm to sb ȋsth)
˅ˑˑˇ˖˛ˈ˅ˎˢ˕˟˔ˢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͹
warm up or warm up sth or warm sth up
ͳȌ ˓˃ˊˏˋː˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˓˃ˊˑˆ˓ˈ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
ʹȌ ˒˓ˑˆ˓ˈ˕˟ǡ ˒˓ˑˆ˓ˈ˕˟˔ˢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͺ
warm up
˕ˈ˒ˎˈ˕˟ǡ ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ˕ˈ˒ˎˈˈ ȋˑ ˒ˑˆˑˇˈ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͳ
while away sth or while sth away
˒˓ˑ˅ˑˇˋ˕˟ǡ ˍˑ˓ˑ˕˃˕˟ ȋ˅˓ˈˏˢ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͷ
wind sth down or wind down sth or wind down
˔˅ˑ˓˃˚ˋ˅˃˕˟ ȋˍ˃ˍ˖ˡǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˇˈˢ˕ˈˎ˟ːˑ˔˕˟) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳ͵
wind up
ˑˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟˔ˢ ȋ˅ ˍ˃ˍˑˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ ˒ˑˎˑˉˈːˋˋ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͻ
wipe out sth or wipe sth out
˔˕ˋ˓˃˕˟ ȋˇ˃ːː˞ˈ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ͳͻ
wise sb up to sth
˔ˑˑ˄˜ˋ˕˟ǡ ˓˃˔˔ˍ˃ˊ˃˕˟ ȋˍˑˏ˖Ǧˎˋ˄ˑ ˑ ˚ˈˏǦˎˋ˄ˑ);
ˋː˗ˑ˓ˏˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
work off sth or work sth off
ˑ˔˅ˑ˄ˑˇˋ˕˟˔ˢ ȋˑ˕ ˚ˈˆˑǦˎˋ˄ˑȌ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
work out
ˊ˃ːˋˏ˃˕˟˔ˢ ˔˒ˑ˓˕ˑˏǡ ˕˓ˈːˋ˓ˑ˅˃˕˟˔ˢ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ Ͷ
worm sth out of sb
˅˞˅ˈˇ˞˅˃˕˟ǡ ˅˞˒˞˕˞˅˃˕˟ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͲ
Z
zone out
ˑ˕ˍˎˡ˚˃˕˟˔ˢǡ ˔˕˃ːˑ˅ˋ˕˟˔ˢ ːˈ˅ːˋˏ˃˕ˈˎ˟ː˞ˏ. . . . . . . . . . . ˕ˈˏ˃ ʹͻ
287
Учебное издание
ЯЗЫК БЕЗ РЕПЕТИТОРА
Ильченко Валерия Витальевна

ФРАЗОВЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
(орыс тілінде)
Ответственный редактор Н. Уварова

Редакторы А. Жемерова, Я. Загорулько, А. Максаева
Художественный редактор Г. Федотов
Макет и верстка Н. Долгов
Корректор Н. Станибула
Сведения о подтверждении соответствия издания согласно законодательству РФ

о техническом регулировании можно получить по адресу: http://eksmo.ru/certiﬁcation/
2ндірген мемлекет: Ресей
Сертификация 5арастырылма6ан
Подписано в печать 09.12.2014. Формат 60x901/16.

Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 18,0.
Тираж экз. Заказ

Фразовые Глаголы В - Английском Языке

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Фразовые Глаголы В - Английском Языке

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

УДК 811.111(075.

В оформлении обложки использована фотография:

Книга издана при поддержке

Ильченко, Валерия Витальевна.

© Ильченко В.В., 2014

` Что такое фразовый глагол

t bring forward Ȅ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ Ϊ ː˃˓ˈ˚ˋˈ

IIIǤ ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ȋ˄˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ Ϊ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃Ȍ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˈˇˋː˞ˏ

` Значения фразовых глаголов и их синонимы

I. ʣ˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˏˑˆ˖˕ ˋˏˈ˕˟ ːˈ˔ˍˑˎ˟ˍˑ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˌǤ

II. ʓˑ˅ˑˎ˟ːˑ ˚˃˔˕ˑ Ȅ ːˑ ːˈ ˅˔ˈˆˇ˃Ǩ Ȅ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞

` Видо-временные формы фразовых глаголов

! ʢˊː˃˕˟ǡ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˏ ˋˎˋ ːˈ˒ˈ-

! Jane put on itǤ

ʜˈˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˏˈːˢˡ˕ ˔˅ˑˈ ˊː˃˚ˈːˋˈ

` Разделяемые и неразделяемые фразовые глаголы

! ʓˑ˒ˑˎːˈːˋˈ ˔ ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃ˏˋ ˏˑˉˈ˕

! ʜˈ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏˋ ˢ˅ˎˢˡ˕˔ˢ ˅˔ˈ ːˈ˒ˈ˓ˈ˘ˑˇː˞ˈ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃-

! He ran his report through once moreǤ

! ʢˊː˃˕˟ǡ ˢ˅ˎˢˈ˕˔ˢ ˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˌ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˓˃ˊˇˈˎˢˈˏ˞ˏ ˋˎˋ ːˈ-

` Трехсловные фразовые глаголы

` Существительные и прилагательные, образованные

! an overkill β to kill over

II. ʞ˓˃˅ˋˎ˃ ˒˓˃˅ˑ˒ˋ˔˃ːˋˢ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞˘ ˔˖˜ˈ˔˕˅ˋ˕ˈˎ˟ː˞˘ǣ

cut down sthȀcut sth downȀcut down

h౮IǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ

h౮IIIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˋˊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːː˞˘ ˅˃˓ˋ˃ː˕ˑ˅ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ-

h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ːˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ-

h౮VǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ

3 DAY CAIRO ITINERARY

Day 1: Arrival Cairo / the Egyptian Museum

Day 2: Giza / Cairo Tour

Day 3: Final Departure

take up sthȀtake sth up

h౮IIǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˋˊ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːː˞˘ ˅˃˓ˋ˃ː˕ˑ˅ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ-

h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓ˑˈ ˑ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˈ˕ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃-

h౮VǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ

break out in sth

come down with sth

fight off sthȀfight sth off

get over sth

shake off sthȀshake sth off

throw upȀthrow sth upȀthrow up sth

h౮IIǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋ-

h౮IIIǤ ʖ˃ˏˈːˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕˃˘ ˅˞ˇˈˎˈːː˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑ-

h౮IVǤ ʗ˔˒˓˃˅˟˕ˈ ˑ˛ˋ˄ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘Ǥ

h౮VǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ

build up sthȀbuild sth up

tone up sthȀtone sth upȀtone up

warm upȀwarm up sthȀwarm sth up

work off sthȀwork sth off

h౮IǤ ʝ˄˓˃ˊ˖ˌ˕ˈ ˔ˎˑ˅ˑ˔ˑ˚ˈ˕˃ːˋˢ ˔ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˏˋ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˃-

Pros & Cons of Dieting

h౮IVǤ ʑ˞˄ˈ˓ˋ˕ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ ˋˎˋ ˗˓˃ˊ˖ǡ ˍˑ˕ˑ˓˞ˈ ˒ˑ ˔ˏ˞˔ˎ˖

be pressed for sth

while away sthȀwhile sth away

h౮IǤ ʖ˃˒ˑˎːˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˅ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ˘ ˚˃˔˕ˋ˙˃ˏˋ

h౮IIIǤ ʑ˒ˋ˛ˋ˕ˈ ˅ ˒˓ˑ˒˖˔ˍˋ ˗˓˃ˊˑ˅˞ˈ ˆˎ˃ˆˑˎ˞ ˋˊ ˔ˎˑ-

h౮IVǤ ʜ˃ˌˇˋ˕ˈ ˅ˑ˔ˈˏ˟ ˑ˛ˋ˄ˑˍ ˅ ˕ˈˍ˔˕ˈ ˋ ˋ˔˒˓˃˅˟˕ˈ ˋ˘Ǥ

h౮VǤ ʞˈ˓ˈ˅ˈˇˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢ ː˃ ˃ːˆˎˋˌ˔ˍˋˌ ˢˊ˞ˍǡ

h౮IǤ ʖ˃ˍˑː˚ˋ˕ˈ ˒˓ˈˇˎˑˉˈːˋˢǡ ˋ˔˒ˑˎ˟ˊ˖ˢ ˒ˑˇ˘ˑˇˢ˜ˋˈ

blend in ȋwith) sb

slip sth on / slip on

a. _ȋto wear c. _ȋto become

a. _ȋto place c. _ȋto put

a. _ȋto c. _ȋto wait