МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ

И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования
«Санкт-Петербургская государственная
художественно-промышленная академия
имени А. Л. Штиглица»
Кафедра: Искусствоведение

АВТОРСКАЯ ЭКСКУРСИЯ
Тема: Дома Невского проспекта в районе Казанского собора

Выполнили:
студентки 2-го курса группы ИГН-21
Котова Елизавета Максимовна
Холопова Дарья Ивановна

Научный руководитель:
Кирсанова Людмила Михайловна

Оценка:

Санкт-Петербург
2023 г.
 Автор: Холопова Д.И.
Mertens House
In the XVIII century, when the history of the Mertens house began, Nevsky
Prospekt was actively built up with typical stone mansions resembling a district
with a solid facade made in the Western European style. In the 1740s, a modest
merchant’s mansion was built there, two stories high. The first owner of the
house was a merchant Serebryanikov. The owners were constantly changing,
and  in 1847 it was owned by the Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg –  son-in-
law of Nicholas I. He was the first to make a major redevelopment of the house.
The two-storey mansion was turned into a four-level apartment building. The
Duke has arranged several luxurious apartments and shops inside. The house had
become a real pearl of St. Petersburg.
In the seventies of the XIX century, the building became the property of
Mertens. From that moment, it gained popularity from the family name of the
famous and wealthy furriers – Mertens. Their main office and the central store
for the sale of fur products were located there. This instantly attracted the main
fashionistas of St. Petersburg, who became regulars of the office.
Also, inside of the house were other popular St. Petersburg shops, such as the
famous confectionery “Georges Borman”, K. Koehler’s pharmacy, etc (and so on
and so forth).
At the beginning of the XX century, L.F. Mertens commissioned a large-
scale reconstruction of the house to a famous architect, Marian Lyalevich. The
master’s fascination with the Italian Renaissance and its principles of
construction was reflected in the new design of the monument building.
Lyalevich borrowed the idea of decorating the facade with huge arches on
all four floors from the works of the great Andrea Palladio. At that time, such an
architectural concept was truly innovative. The architect had to revise the
principles of construction.
Lyalevich was one of the first architects in the city to use a reinforced
concrete frame and threw open three windows on Nevsky Prospekt. Interestingly,
the architect preserved the original brickwork wherever possible. So the Mertens
House, built in the XVIII century, is rightfully considered one of the oldest,
despite the large-scale redevelopment.
The central part of the new facade was crowned with massive letters with
the name of the owner. Plant ornaments and massive sculptures were executed by
V.V. Kuznetsov. They are so elegant that they shade the strict geometry of the
lines of the structure. At the same time, the facade does not look overloaded.
After the revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks shut the fur business of the
merchant family.
Nevertheless, the building survived even in the hard times of the Soviet
Union. Then, in 1944, after the siege of Leningrad, the mansion became the
center of urban fashion again – the Leningrad Fashion House was opened there,
on the ground floor of which exhibitions and shows were held.
In 2008, the house was renovated in full accordance with the original

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project of Lyalevich. The facade has reserved the special chic of a bygone era.

The House of the Kazan Cathedral

In the 40s of the 17th century, the site was still empty, and by the middle of
the 18th, there had already been three separate possessions. Two of them are on
Nevsky Prospect.
One of the first residents was the life surgeon of Catherine II. Once the
doctor happened to remove a sick tooth from Ekaterina Alekseevna. According
to her, right at the moment when Guyon pulled out the ill-fated tooth, “... my
eyes, nose and mouth turned into a fountain; blood was pouring from my mouth,
water from my nose and eyes. Guyon, while removing the tooth, tore off a piece
of the lower jaw in which the tooth was sitting, all five of Guyon’s fingers were
imprinted with blue and yellow spots on my cheek, at the bottom.” Catherine had
to stay out of public view for almost a month. But the doctor did not lose his
position and remained a life doctor until his death.
In 1813, the house was sold to the parish of the newly built new Kazan
Cathedral. From the beginning of the XIX century and until the closure of the
Kazan Cathedral (1932), clergymen and their families were living in this house.
There resided the first rector of the Kazan Cathedral, Pyotr Nikolaevich
Myslovsky, who in 1826 had the opportunity to visit the Decembrists in the Peter
and Paul Fortress. He, admonished the condemned to the death penalty, was
present at its execution.
At the beginning of the 19th century, A. N. Voronikhin attached a two-story
building to the main building on Nevsky Prospekt (far left) from the side of the
cathedral, in 1849 A. I. Herzen lived in it.
In 1840, according to the project of architect P. S. Plavov, the Voronikhin
building was united stylistically by a single facade with a three-storey building
on Nevsky Prospekt.
The premises on the ground floor of the house were rented out. Shops were
opened: Batenin porcelain factory; P. A. Schreiber’s bronze factory; L. I.
Zhelyabov's bookstore; Kazan Pharmacy. Shortly before the revolution of 1917,
there was a store of chemical, pharmaceutical, perfumery and photographic
goods “R. Koehler and Co.”
During the First World War, a hospital for wounded soldiers was located in
the house.
After the revolution of 1917, most of the apartments became communal. At
the beginning of 1918, the Foundling House was abolished, the left part of the
building passed to the newly created Third Petrograd Pedagogical Institute
(now — A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University).
In 1995-1997, architects S. I. Sokolov and N. I. Yaveinom rebuilt the house
in the form of a modern shopping center (“Atrium on Nevsky 25”). The
courtyard was made closed, having covered it with a glass roof. There is a small
fountain in the center of the courtyard.

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 Paramonov 's House
House No. 29 is the narrowest on Nevsky Prospekt and one of the narrowest
in St. Petersburg. Its facade has only four axes.
The plot of house No. 29 on Nevsky Prospekt was first built up in 1766,
when the house of merchant Dmitry Vasilyevich Kulaev appeared there. Its first
floor was occupied by fruit shops.
At the beginning of the XIX century, the building was purchased by the
merchant Yakovlev. With him, house No. 29 was four-storeyed, but it remained
lower in height than the neighboring house No.27. At the end of the 20th century,
for the merchant of the 1st guild E. P. Paramonov, house No. 29 was completely
rebuilt by technician I. N. Iors. In height, aligned with its neighbors, the facade
acquired eclectic features. A photo pavilion was set up above the upper floor.
From 1888, the plot was owned by the widow of the merchant
L. T. Paramonov.

Автор: Котова Е.М.

Milutin House (18th century).
In the middle of the 18th century, Alexey Milyutin built a very two-story
building with retail shops and called it "Milyutinsky rows". It was the first
shopping center in the city. The trade in the ranks was conducted by serfs who
paid a tax on the goods sold to their master. Then Milutin built a factory of
glazes and brocades here.
Do you know what it is? Let's turn to the outfits of the courtiers of that time.
Glazements are such a golden braid, without which the nobles could not do
without. This element made the costume festive. And brocade is a heavy
beautiful fabric from which dresses were sewn.
You probably have a question now. This is Nevsky Prospekt, where did the
factory come from here? Everything is simple. Petersburg at that time was not so
big, and Nevsky Prospekt was the road along which people left the city.
Therefore, the construction of the factory here did not surprise anyone.
Previously, this street was called bolshaya perspektivnaya, because it was long
and went far into the Distance. At that time, the nobles needed a lot of brocade
and velvet, and gold and braid for the military, so the Milutin factory was
popular with Petersburgers. And 20 years later, a neighbor appeared at the house.
The house number 27 along the Griboyedov Canal was attached. Then it was
called Catherine's.

Glazunov House (18th - 19th centuries).

In 1790, the merchant Godunov bought the house. He was friends with
architects and a construction commission appeared in his house, which decided
what St. Petersburg of the future would look like. Then one of the most famous

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bookstores in the city from the Godunov Brothers company opened here. She
worked until the revolution of 1917.
As for the Millutinsky houses, they were rebuilt in 1820. 2 floors were built
on, it turned out to be a light tall building, one of the tallest in the center. The
house was luxurious, there were shops and pastry shops on the ground floor. This
place was so famous that you can even read about it in books.
For example, Nikolai Gogol in "Dead Souls": "Will it pass by the Millyutinsky
shops, there is a kind of salmon looking out of the window, cherries for five
rubles a thing, a huge watermelon". And the food was bought here by very
famous rich people, among whom was Alexander Pushkin himself and his
family. His account shows that he bought green peas, prunes, lemons, caviar
here. On January 29, 1837, in the Millyutinsky ranks, Pushkin was issued the last
bill of 2.5 pounds of soaked cloudberries worth 2 rubles.

House of the Lesnikovs (19th - 20th centuries).

In the middle of the 19th century, the house passed to the merchant Ivan
Lesniokv, who immediately decided to rebuild it. He started a complete
remodeling of the house, and his daughter finished it. They built the very famous
attic with a window that overlooks Nevsky Prospekt. A small power plant once
worked in this house, it illuminated the entire Nevsky Prospekt, but the city
grew, people came, more energy was needed and the station could not cope.
After reconstruction, a cinema hall was opened on the site of the station and
named Uranus.
There have always been a lot of different firms in this house. The hysterical
photos show how many signs there were. Just like in modern shopping malls.
There were shops on the ground floors.
Wine, combs, brushes, brushes, groceries were sold. This house was so
noisy and very beautiful, until the beginning of the 20th century, when the
revolution happened.
And what's next, I'll tell you now.
At the beginning of the 20th century, grand pianos and pianos of the
St. Petersburg company Becker were sold on the first floor, and rich
Petersburgers lived on the second and third (floors).
In 1917, the revolution came and the city was renamed Leningrad, until the
end of the 30s, a music salon and the management of the transport society
worked here.
During the Great Patriotic War, the entire front part of the house was
destroyed by an explosive wave, fortunately after the war it was restored one of
the first. It was important for the residents of the city that St. Petersburg looked
beautiful and fresh. There is also a metro in the city. In order to build a subway
lobby near the Griboyedov Canal, the house in fact had to be destroyed and
reassembled. By 1965, it was completely restored, and it became even better than
before. Restorers restored the facade of the house according to hysterical
documents.

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 Present time.
In 2001, the Milyutin-Glazunov-Lesnikov house was included in the list of
state-protected historical monuments. Today it is the center of attraction for
tourists, it houses shops and boutiques, perfumes and cosmetics. And it's over,
Boucher lives in this house, with the brightest view of the grand St. Petersburg.

Stroganov house (Nevsky 23).

The site of this avenue on Nevsky belonged to the family of merchants
Serebryannikov. They built a house of 2 floors with an entrance gate on the left
side of the plot. In the 30s of the 19th century, the house passed into the
possession of the Stroganovs, which they owned before the revolution. By order
of Sofia Vladimirovna Stroganova in the late 30s, on the site of the old house of
architects, Peter Sadovnikov built a 3-storey apartment building with courtyard
buildings around the perimeter of the site. A feature of the facade of the building
were the arched openings of the first floor from the middle of the 19th century to
the beginning of the 20th century, the premises of the Stroganov house were
rented, the General life Insurance Company, the Artur trading house, the A. N.
Bogdanov tobacco store and the Company, Pavel Bure (founded in 1815) selling
Swiss watches. Bure enjoyed great success, as their watches were suitable for all
segments of the population. The watches of their company were worn by
A. P. Chekhov, you can hear about it from his letter to Elena Shavrova, and also
often mentioned these watches in his writings.
The episode with Fyodor Chaliapin, who performed for the imperial family,
is also known in history. In honor, he was presented with a gold-rimmed watch
by Pavel Bure. However, Chaliapin refused the gift, since he already had such a
watch. But I still liked the gift after the watch was decorated with rubies and
diamonds, and the cost increased 3 times.
At the same time, Pavel Karlovich himself did not produce any watches, he
collected from parts brought from abroad. And I push it in the store on Nevsky
Prospekt. At the end of the 19th century, Pavel Pavlovich Bure became an
appraiser at the office of his imperial majesty. This title gave the right to the state
emblem on the showcase. It is impossible to imagine the Istria of Russian
watchmaking without Pavel.
After the October Revolution, the house was nationalized, and the owners of
the house emigrated abroad, the affairs of Pavel Bure came to an end. But the
company itself has paved the way to develop abroad.
Interestingly, the new Soviet government also liked the Tempest clock. The
chairman of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, Nikolai
Podvoysky, led the October coup, using his golden pocket watch Storm, he
tracked the time of the uprising. Later, this clock was later called the clock of the
revolution. There was also a round wall clock of the same company hanging in
Lenin's office in the Kremlin. Joseph Stalin also had a pocket silver Bure watch.
In 1908, according to the project of architect Shakhin, a partial
reconstruction of the house was carried out with the construction of the 4th and

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fifth floors. After its reconstruction, the central theater box office, the sanitary
technical institute, the bank, etc. worked here. The first electric light
advertisement in St. Petersburg was installed on the roof of the house by the
Russian society Universal Electricity Company. Its screen consisted of 1760
lamps of 10 watts each.
In 2004, the watch shop Salon Bure returned here.
There is also a Hockey Club hockey store in the building.
Thus, we got acquainted with the Stroganov house, but the main place in the
history of this house was occupied by the watch company of the Bure family, one
of the main watchmakers of Russia.
Thanks for your attention!