HL Logs Mixed

N20/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
–7– 8820 – 7201
5. [Maximum mark: 5]
The first term in an arithmetic sequence is 4 and the fifth term is log2 625.
Find the common difference of the sequence, expressing your answer in the form log2 p ,
where p ∈ .
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Turn over
16EP07
N20/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
– 14 – 8820 – 7201
Do not write solutions on this page.
kx − 5
f ( x ) =
Consider the function defined by f ( x ) = , where x ∈  \ {k} and k2 ≠ 5 .
x−k
(a) State the equation of the vertical asymptote on the graph of y = f ( x ) . [1]
(b) State the equation of the horizontal asymptote on the graph of y = f ( x ) . [1]
(c) Use an algebraic method to determine whether f is a self-inverse function. [4]
Consider the case where k = 3 .
(d) Sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) , stating clearly the equations of any asymptotes and the
coordinates of any points of intersections with the coordinate axes. [3]
(e) The region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = f ( x ) , and the lines x = 5 and x = 7 is
rotated through 2π about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid generated, giving your
answer in the form π ( a + b ln 2 ) , where a , b ∈ .[6]
16EP14
–9– M10/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ2/XX
The normal to the curve xe − y + e y = 1 + x , at the point (c , ln c) , has a y-intercept c 2 + 1 .
Determine the value of c .
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2210-7205 Turn over

0914
– 10 – M10/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ2/XX
1
Find the value of ∫ 0
t ln (t + 1) dt .
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2210-7205
1014
 2π   2π 
Consider ω = cos   + i sin   .
 3   3 
(a) Show that
(i) ω 3 = 1;
(ii) 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0 . [5 marks]
 2π   4π 
iθ +  iθ + 
iθ
(b) (i) Deduce that e + e  3 
+e  3 
= 0.
π
(ii) Illustrate this result for θ = on an Argand diagram. [4 marks]
2
(c) (i) Expand and simplify F ( z ) = ( z − 1) ( z − ω ) ( z − ω 2 ) where z is a complex

number.
(ii) Solve F ( z ) = 7 , giving your answers in terms of ω . [7 marks]

π
Throughout this question x satisfies 0 ≤ x < .
2
dy
(a) Solve the differential equation sec 2 x = − y 2 , where y = 1 when x = 0 .
dx
Give your answer in the form y = f ( x) . [7 marks]
(b) (i) Prove that 1 ≤ sec x ≤ 1 + tan x .
π
π π 1
(ii) Deduce that ≤ ∫ 4 sec x dx ≤ + ln 2 . [8 marks]
4 0 4 2

2210-7205
1414
–9– N18/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
Consider the equation z4 + az3 + bz2 + cz + d = 0 , where a , b , c , d ∈  and z ∈  .
Two of the roots of the equation are log26 and i 3 and the sum of all the roots is 3 + log23 .
Show that 6a + d + 12 = 0 .
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Turn over
12EP09
ln k
Given that
∫ 0
e 2 x dx = 12 , find the value of k .
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12EP03
– 11 – N19/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
2x − 4
Consider f ( x ) = , - 1 < x < 1 .
x2 −1
(a) (i) Find f '(x).
(ii) Show that, if f '(x) = 0 , then x = 2 − 3 .[5]
(b) For the graph of y = f (x) ,
(i) find the coordinates of the y-intercept;
(ii) show that there are no x-intercepts;
(iii) sketch the graph, showing clearly any asymptotic behaviour. [5]
3 1 2x − 4
(c) Show that − = 2 .[2]
x +1 x −1 x −1
(d) The area enclosed by the graph of y = f (x) and the line y = 4 can be expressed
as ln v . Find the value of v . [7]
Turn over
12EP11
Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be
supported by working and/or explanations. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for
a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show
all working.
Section A
Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided. Working may be
continued below the lines, if necessary.
Solve the equation log2(x + 3) + log2(x - 3) = 4 .
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16EP02
Solve (ln x)2 - (ln 2)(ln x) < 2(ln 2)2 .
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12EP06
Section B
Answer all questions in the answer booklet provided. Please start each question on a new page.
(a) Show that (sin x + cos x)2 = 1 + sin 2x . [2]
cos x sin x
(b) Show that sec 2x + tan 2x = .[4]
cos x sin x
�
(c) Hence or otherwise find ∫0
6

(sec 2 x + tan 2 x) dx in the form ln a b where a , b ∈  . [9]
The function p (x) is defined by p (x) = x3 - 3x2 + 8x - 24 where x ∈  .
(a) Find the remainder when p (x) is divided by
(i) (x - 2)
(ii) (x - 3) . [3]
(b) Prove that p (x) has only one real zero. [4]
(c) Write down the transformation that will transform the graph of y = p (x) onto the graph
of y = 8x3 - 12x2 + 16x - 24 . [2]
The random variable X follows a Poisson distribution with a mean of λ and
6P (X = 3) = 3P (X = 2) - 2P (X = 1) + 3P (X = 0) .
(d) Find the value of λ . [6]
16EP12
Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be
supported by working and/or explanations. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given
for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show all
working.
Section A
Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided. Working may be
continued below the lines, if necessary.
Find the solution of log2 x - log2 5 = 2 + log2 3 .
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16EP02
(a) (i) Express x2 + 3x + 2 in the form (x + h)2 + k .
(ii) Factorize x2 + 3x + 2 . [2]
1
Consider the function f ( x) = 2
, x ∈  , x ≠ − 2, x ≠ − 1.
x + 3x + 2
(b) Sketch the graph of f (x) , indicating on it the equations of the asymptotes,
the coordinates of the y-intercept and the local maximum. [5]
1 1 1
(c) Show that − = 2 . [1]
x + 1 x + 2 x + 3x + 2
1
(d) Hence find the value of p if ∫ 0
f ( x) dx = ln( p) . [4]
(e) Sketch the graph of y = f (| x |) . [2]
(f) Determine the area of the region enclosed between the graph of y = f (| x |) , the x-axis
and the lines with equations x = -1 and x = 1 . [3]
16EP12
The geometric sequence u1 , u2 , u3 , … has common ratio r .
Consider the sequence A = {an = log2 |un| : n ∈ +} .
(a) Show that A is an arithmetic sequence, stating its common difference d in terms of r . [4]
A particular geometric sequence has u1 = 3 and a sum to infinity of 4.
(b) Find the value of d . [3]
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12EP06
ax + b d
The function f is defined by f ( x) = , for x ∈  , x ≠ - .
cx + d c
(a) Find the inverse function f -1 , stating its domain. [5]
2x − 3
The function g is defined by g ( x) = , x∈ , x ≠ 2 .
x−2
B
(b) (i) Express g(x) in the form A + where A , B are constants.
x−2
(ii) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) . State the equations of any asymptotes and the
coordinates of any intercepts with the axes. [5]
The function h is defined by h( x) = x , for x ≥ 0 .
(c) State the domain and range of h  g . [4]
1
(a) Show that log r 2 x = log r x where r , x ∈ + . [2]
2
It is given that log2 y + log4 x + log4 2x = 0 .
(b) Express y in terms of x . Give your answer in the form y = pxq , where p , q are
constants. [5]
The region R , is bounded by the graph of the function found in part (b), the x-axis, and the
lines x = 1 and x = α where α > 1 . The area of R is 2 .
(c) Find the value of α . [5]
12EP11
Solve the simultaneous equations
log2 6x = 1 + 2 log2 y
1 + log6 x = log6(15y - 25) .
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
Turn over
16EP09
The random variable X has probability density function f given by
k ( � − arcsin x ) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
f ( x) =  , where k is a positive constant.
 0 otherwise
(a) State the mode of X . [1]
(b) (i) Find ∫ arcsin x dx .

2
(ii) Hence show that k = .[6]
2+�
 x2  1  x
(c) Given that y =   arcsin x −   arcsin x +   1 − x 2 , show that
 2  4 4
dy
(i) = x arcsin x ;
dx
3�
(ii) E(X ) = .[9]
4 ( � + 2)
Consider the functions f and g defined by f (x) = ln |x| , x ∈  \ {0} and g(x) = ln |x + k| ,
x ∈  \ {-k} , where k ∈  , k > 2 .
(a) Describe the transformation by which f (x) is transformed to g(x) . [1]
(b) State the range of g . [1]
(c) Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g(x) on the same axes, clearly stating the points
of intersection with any axes. [6]
The graphs of f and g intersect at the point P .
(d) Find the coordinates of P . [2]
The tangent to y = f (x) at P passes through the origin (0 , 0) .
(e) Determine the value of k . [7]
16EP13
–4– N02/510/H(1)
5. An integer is chosen at random from the first one thousand positive integers. Find the
probability that the integer chosen is
(a) a multiple of 4;
(b) a multiple of both 4 and 6.
Working:
Answers:
(a)
(b)
50
6. Find ∑ ln (2 ) , giving the answer in the form a ln 2, where a ∈ Q .
r =1
r
Working:
Answer:
882-236
–9– M03/510/H(1)
11. The complex number z satisfies the equation
2
z= + 1 − 4i .
1− i
Express z in the form x + iy where x , y ∈ Z .
Working:
Answer:
12. Find the exact value of x satisfying the equation
(3x ) (42 x +1 ) = 6 x + 2 .
ln a
Give your answer in the form where a , b ∈Z .
ln b
Working:
Answer:
223-236 Turn over

–9– N03/510/H(1)
1
10. Solve log16 3 100 − x 2 = .
2
Working:
Answers:
883-236 Turn over

– 10 – N03/510/H(1)
11. Calculate the area enclosed by the curves y = ln x and y = e x − e, x > 0 .
Working:
Answer:
12. On a television channel the news is shown at the same time each day. The probability that
Alice watches the news on a given day is 0.4 . Calculate the probability that on five
consecutive days, she watches the news on at most three days.
Working:
Answer:
883-236
– 15 – N03/510/H(1)
18. A committee of four children is chosen from eight children. The two oldest children cannot
both be chosen. Find the number of ways the committee may be chosen.
Working:
Answer:
3
19. Solve 2 ( 5 x +1 ) = 1+ , giving the answer in the form a + log 5 b , where a , b ∈Z .
5x
Working:
Answer:
883-236 Turn over

7. Find ∫ e x cos x dx .
Working:
Answer:
15
8. Find ∑a
n =1
2
n where a n = ln x n.
Working:
Answer:
8805-7201
0614
8. The weights in grams of bread loaves sold at a supermarket are normally distributed with
mean 200 g . The weights of 88 % of the loaves are less than 220 g .
Find the standard deviation.
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9. Solve ln ( x + 3) = 1. Give your answers in exact form.
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2206-7204
0817
–– N06/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
1
3. Let f be the function defined for x > − by f ( x) = ln ( x + 1) .

(a) Find f ′ ( x) .
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = f ( x) at the point where x = 2 .
Give your answer in the form y = ax + b where a , b ∈  .
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8806-7201
0421
p
q
14. Solve the equation log 5 x = 25 log x 5 , expressing your answers in the form 5 , where
p, q∈ .
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8806-7201 Turn over

1521
Write ln ( x 2 − 1) − 2 ln ( x + 1) + ln ( x 2 + x) as a single logarithm, in its simplest form.
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8808-7201 Turn over

0314
e
Calculate the exact value of ∫ 1
x 2 ln x dx .
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8808-7201 Turn over

0714
Consider the function f , where f ( x) = arcsin (ln x) .
(a) Find the domain of f . [3 marks]
(b) Find f −1 ( x) . [3 marks]
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8809-7201 Turn over

0513
Section B
Answer all the questions on the answer sheets provided. Please start each question on a new page.
(a) The sum of the first six terms of an arithmetic series is 81. The sum of its first
eleven terms is 231. Find the first term and the common difference. [6 marks]
(b) The sum of the first two terms of a geometric series is 1 and the sum of its
first four terms is 5. If all of its terms are positive, find the first term and the
common ratio. [5 marks]
(c) The rth term of a new series is defined as the product of the rth term of the
arithmetic series and the rth term of the geometric series above. Show that the
rth term of this new series is (r + 1) 2r −1 . [3 marks]
(d) Using mathematical induction, prove that
∑ (r + 1) 2
r =1
r −1
= n 2n , n ∈  + . [7 marks]
A tangent to the graph of y = ln x passes through the origin.
(a) Sketch the graphs of y = ln x and the tangent on the same set of axes, and hence
find the equation of the tangent. [11 marks]
x
(b) Use your sketch to explain why ln x ≤ for x > 0 . [1 mark]
e
(c) Show that x e ≤ e x for x > 0 . [3 marks]
(d) Determine which is larger, πe or e π . [2 marks]
8809-7201
1213
Do NOT write solutions on this page. Any working on this page will NOT be marked.
(a) For non-zero vectors a and b , show that
(i) if a − b = a + b , then a and b are perpendicular;
2 2 2
(ii) a×b = a b − (a  b ) 2 . [8 marks]
(b) The points A, B and C have position vectors a , b and c .
1
(i) Show that the area of triangle ABC is a×b + b×c + c×a .
2
(ii) Hence, show that the shortest distance from B to AC is
a×b + b×c + c×a

. [7 marks]
c−a
The curve C with equation y = f ( x) satisfies the differential equation
dy y
= ( x + 2) , y > 1,
dx ln y
and y = e when x = 2 .
(a) Find the equation of the tangent to C at the point (2 , e) . [3 marks]
(b) Find f ( x) . [11 marks]
(c) Determine the largest possible domain of f . [6 marks]
(d) Show that the equation f ( x) = f ′( x) has no solution. [4 marks]
8811-7201
1212
The diagram shows the graph of the function defined by y = x (ln x) 2 for x > 0 .
B
x
The function has a local maximum at the point A and a local minimum at the point B.
(a) Find the coordinates of the points A and B. [5 marks]
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(This question continues on the following page)
0620
The diagram below shows a sketch of the graph of y = f ( x ) .
10
(4, 0)
–5 0 5 10 x
–5
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f −1 ( x ) on the same axes. [2]
(b) State the range of f −1 . [1]
(c) Given that f ( x ) = ln ( ax + b) , x > 1 , find the value of a and the value of b . [4]
16EP04
Solve the following equations:
(a) log 2 ( x − 2) = log 4 ( x 2 − 6 x + 12 ) ; [3]
3
(b) x ln x = e(ln x ) . [5]
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Turn over
16EP11
Do NOT write solutions on this page.

SECTION B
The function f is defined as f ( x) = e3 x +1 , x ∈  .
(a) (i) Find f −1 ( x) .
(ii) State the domain of f −1 . [4]
The function g is defined as g ( x) = ln x , x ∈  + .

The graph of y = g ( x) and the graph of y = f −1 ( x) intersect at the point P.
(b) Find the coordinates of P. [5]
The graph of y = g ( x) intersects the x-axis at the point Q.
(c) Show that the equation of the tangent T to the graph of y = g ( x) at the point Q
is y = x −1. [3]
A region R is bounded by the graphs of y = g ( x) , the tangent T and the line x = e .
(d) Find the area of the region R . [5]
(e) (i) Show that g ( x) ≤ x −1, x ∈  + .
1 x −1
(ii) By replacing x with in part (e)(i), show that ≤ g ( x) , x ∈  + . [6]
x x
16EP12
e2 dx
Use the substitution u = ln x to find the value of ∫ e x ln x
.
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16EP06
–5– M02/510/H(1)
6.
Ú
(a) Use integration by parts to find x 2 ln x dx .
2 .
(b) Evaluate
Ú
1
x 2 ln x dx .
Working:
Answers:
(a)
(b)
222–236 Turn over

–– M07/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ1/XX
6. Let f ( x) = x ln x − x , x > 0 .
(a) Find f ′( x) .
(b) Using integration by parts find ∫ (ln x) 2 dx .
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2207-7204 Turn over

0721
8. The function f is defined as f ( x) = sin x ln x for x ∈[0.5 , .5] .

(a) Write down the x-intercepts.

(b) The area above the x-axis is A and the total area below the x-axis is B. If A = kB ,
find k.
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2207-7204 Turn over

0921
9. A continuous random variable X has probability density function f defined by
e x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ ln 2
f ( x) = 
0 , otherwise.
Find the exact value of E ( X ) .
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2207-7204
1021
dy
15. Given that e xy − y 2 ln x = e for x ≥ 1, find at the point (1 , 1) .
dx
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2207-7204
1621
19. The solution of 22 x + = 2 x +1 + can be expressed in the form a + log 2 b where a , b ∈  .

Find the value of a and of b .
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2207-7204
2021
ln ( x)
The region bounded by the curve y = and the lines x = 1, x = e , y = 0 is rotated
x
through 2π radians about the x-axis.
Find the volume of the solid generated.
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2208-7207 Turn over

1113
Let g ( x) = log 5 2 log 3 x . Find the product of the zeros of g .
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2209-7203
0413
13. [Total Mark: 23]
Part A [Maximum mark: 9]
If z is a non-zero complex number, we define L ( z ) by the equation
L ( z ) = ln z + i arg ( z ) , 0 ≤ arg ( z ) < 2π .
(a) Show that when z is a positive real number, L ( z ) = ln z . [2 marks]
(b) Use the equation to calculate
(i) L (−1) ;
(ii) L (1− i) ;
(iii) L (−1 + i) . [5 marks]
(c) Hence show that the property L ( z1 z2 ) = L ( z1 ) + L ( z2 ) does not hold for all
values of z1 and z2 . [2 marks]
Part B [Maximum mark: 14]
Let f be a function with domain  that satisfies the conditions,
f ( x + y ) = f ( x) f ( y ) , for all x and y and f (0) ≠ 0 .
(a) Show that f (0) = 1 . [3 marks]
(b) Prove that f ( x) ≠ 0 , for all x ∈  . [3 marks]
(c) Assuming that f ′( x) exists for all x ∈  , use the definition of derivative to show
that f ( x) satisfies the differential equation f ′( x) = k f ( x) , where k = f ′(0) . [4 marks]
(d) Solve the differential equation to find an expression for f ( x) . [4 marks]
2209-7203
1313
Do NOT write solutions on this page. Any working on this page will NOT be marked.
ln x
Consider the function f ( x) = , 0 < x < e2 .
x
(a) (i) Solve the equation f ′( x) = 0 .
(ii) Hence show the graph of f has a local maximum.
(iii) Write down the range of the function f . [5 marks]
(b) Show that there is a point of inflexion on the graph and determine its coordinates. [5 marks]
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f ( x) , indicating clearly the asymptote, x-intercept and
the local maximum. [3 marks]
ln x ln x
(d) Now consider the functions g ( x) = and h ( x) = , where 0 < x < e 2 .
x x
(i) Sketch the graph of y = g ( x) .
(ii) Write down the range of g .
(iii) Find the values of x such that h ( x) > g ( x) . [6 marks]
(a) Write down the expansion of (cos θ + i sin θ )3 in the form a + ib , where a and b
are in terms of sin θ and cos θ . [2 marks]
(b) Hence show that cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ . [3 marks]
(c) Similarly show that cos 5θ = 16 cos5 θ − 20 cos3 θ + 5 cos θ . [3 marks]
 π π
(d) Hence solve the equation cos 5θ + cos 3θ + cos θ = 0 , where θ ∈  − ,  . [6 marks]
 2 2
(e) By considering the solutions of the equation cos 5θ = 0 , show that

π 5+ 5 7π
cos = and state the value of cos . [8 marks]
10 8 10
2211-7203
1515
The graph below shows y = f ( x) , where f ( x) = x + ln x .
(a) On the graph below, sketch the curve y = f −1 ( x) . [2 marks]
(b) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the graph of y = f ( x) and
the graph of y = f −1 ( x) . [4 marks]
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Turn over
0716
Solve the equation 2 − log 3 ( x + 7) = log 1 2 x .

3
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Turn over
1116
A curve is defined by the equation 8 y ln x − 2 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 7 . Find the equation of the

tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1 and y > 0 .
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0816
1 1 1 1
The first terms of an arithmetic sequence are , , , ,…
log 2 x log8 x log 32 x log128 x
Find x if the sum of the first 20 terms of the sequence is equal to 100.
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Turn over
0916
=
Consider a log 2 3 × log 3 4 × log 4 5 ×…× log 31 32 . Given that a ∈  , find the value of a .
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16EP04
SECTION B
ln x
Consider the function f ( x) = , x >0.
x
The sketch below shows the graph of y = f ( x) and its tangent at a point A.
y diagram not to scale
B C
A
x
1 − ln x
(a) Show that f ′( x) = . [2]
x2
(b) Find the coordinates of B, at which the curve reaches its maximum value. [3]
(c) Find the coordinates of C, the point of inflexion on the curve. [5]
The graph of y = f ( x) crosses the x-axis at the point A.
(d) Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of f at the point A. [4]
(e) Find the area enclosed by the curve y = f ( x) , the tangent at A, and the line x = e . [7]
16EP12
Let {un} , n ∈ + , be an arithmetic sequence with first term equal to a and common
difference of d , where d ≠ 0 . Let another sequence {vn} , n ∈ + , be defined by vn = 2un .
vn 1
(a) (i) Show that is a constant.
vn
(ii) Write down the first term of the sequence {vn} .
(iii) Write down a formula for vn in terms of a , d and n . [4]
Let Sn be the sum of the first n terms of the sequence {vn} .
(b) (i) Find Sn , in terms of a , d and n .
∞
(ii) Find the values of d for which ∑v
i=1
i exists.
∞
You are now told that ∑v
i=1
i does exist and is denoted by S∞ .
(iii) Write down S∞ in terms of a and d .
(iv) Given that S∞ = 2a + 1 find the value of d . [8]
Let {wn}, n ∈ + , be a geometric sequence with first term equal to p and common ratio q ,
where p and q are both greater than zero. Let another sequence {zn} be defined
by zn = ln wn .
n
(c) Find ∑z
i =1
i giving your answer in the form ln k with k in terms of n , p and q . [6]
16EP14
Find integer values of m and n for which
m - n log3 2 = 10 log9 6
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Turn over
16EP07
^ln xh2
The following diagram shows the graph of y = x , x > 0 .
a x
(a) Given that the curve passes through the point (a , 0) , state the value of a . [1]
The region R is enclosed by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = e .
(b) Use the substitution u = ln x to find the area of the region R . [5]
e (ln x) n
Let I n = ∫
1 x2
dx , n ∈  .
(c) (i) Find the value of I0 .
1
(ii) Prove that I n =- e + nI n - 1 , n ∈ + .
(iii) Hence find the value of I1 . [7]
(d) Find the volume of the solid formed when the region R is rotated through 2π about
the x-axis. [5]
16EP14
9. Consider the function f ( x) = ln x 2 + 4 .
(a) Find f ′( x).
(b) Find f ′′( x).
Working:
Answers:
(a)
(b)
10. In a survey of 50 people it is found that 40 own a television and 21 own a computer. Four
do not own either a computer or a television. A person is chosen at random from this group.
(a) Find the probability that this person owns both a television and a computer.
(b) Given that this person owns a computer, find the probability that he also owns a television.
Working:
Answers:
(a)
(b)
2205-7204
0816
πx
14. Consider the functions f ( x) = e 2 x and g ( x) = sin .
2
(a) Find the period of the function f o g .
(b) Find the intervals for which ( f o g ( x) ) > 4.
Working:
Answers:
(a)
(b)
15. Solve the equation 2 log 3 ( x − 3) + log  1  ( x + 1) = 2 .

 
 3
Working:
Answer:
2205-7204
1216
k
15. The normal to the curve y = + ln x 2 , for x ≠ 0 , k ∈ ¡, at the point where x = 2 , has equation
x
3 x + 2 y = b, where b ∈ ¡. Find the exact value of k.
Working:
Answer:
2205-7207 Turn over

1115
19. The function f is defined for x > 2 by f ( x) = ln x + ln ( x − 2) − ln ( x 2 − 4) .
 x 
(a) Express f ( x) in the form ln  .
 x+a
(b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x) .
Working:
Answers:
(a)
(b)
2205-7207
1415
20. Let y = log 3 z , where z is a function of x. The diagram shows the straight line L, which represents the
graph of y against x.
(a) Using the graph or otherwise, estimate the value of x when z = 9.
5
(b) The line L passes through the point 1, log 3  . Its gradient is 2. Find an expression for z in
 9
terms of x.
Working:
Answers:
(a)
(b)
2205-7207
1515
–– M07/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ2/XX+
3. Find the cosine of the angle θ between the planes π 1 and π 2 , where π 1 has equation
−2 x + y − z = 2 and π 2 has equation x + 2 y − z = 6 .
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4. Solve 2 (ln x) 2 = ln x − 1 for x . Give your answers in exact form.
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2207-7207
0419
– 16 – M07/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ2/XX+
1
17. For x ≥ , let f ( x) = x 2 ln ( x + 1) and g ( x) = 2 x − 1 .
2
(a) Sketch the graphs of f and g on the grid below.
(b) Let A be the region completely enclosed by the graphs of f and g .
Find the area of A.
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2207-7207
1619
– 18 – M07/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ2/XX+
ln ex
19. Find ∫ 0 e2 x + 9
dx , expressing your answer in exact form.
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2207-7207
1819
2 5 x + 11
(a) Show that + = 2 . [2 marks]
x +1 x + x + 4x +
2 5 x + 11
(b) Hence find the value of k such that ∫ 0 2
x + 4x +
dx = ln k . [4 marks]
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2209-7205 Turn over

0513
x2
The curve C is given implicitly by the equation − 2 x = ln y for y > 0 .
y
dy
(a) Express in terms of x and y . [4 marks]
dx
dy
(b) Find the value of at the point on C where y = 1 and x > 0 . [2 marks]
dx
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Turn over
0916
Solve the equation 8 x −1 = 63 x . Express your answer in terms of ln 2 and ln 3 .
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Turn over
16EP03
x +1
The graph of the function f ( x ) = is shown below.
x2 + 1
y
A (1, 1) point of inflexion
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
(a) Find f ′ ( x ) . [2]
(b) Hence find the x-coordinates of the points where the gradient of the graph of f is zero. [1]
p (x )
(c) Find f ′′ ( x ) expressing your answer in the form , where p ( x ) is a polynomial
( x 2 + 1)3
of degree 3. [3]
The point (1, 1) is a point of inflexion. There are two other points of inflexion.
(d) Find the x-coordinates of the other two points of inflexion. [4]
π
(e) Find the area of the shaded region. Express your answer in the form − ln b ,
a
where a and b are integers. [6]
16EP14
–6– m15/5/MATHL/HP1/eng/TZ2/XX
15
∫
2
Show that x3 ln x dx = 4 ln 2 − .
1 16
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12EP06
– 10 – m15/5/MATHL/HP1/eng/TZ2/XX
(a) State the set of values of a for which the function x  log a x exists, for all x ∈ + . [2]
(b) Given that log x y = 4 log y x , find all the possible expressions of y as a function of x . [6]
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12EP10
Section B
3x
The function f is defined by f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 2 .
x−2
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) , indicating clearly any asymptotes and points of
intersection with the x and y axes. [4]
(b) Find an expression for f -1 (x) . [4]
(c) Find all values of x for which f (x) = f -1 (x) . [3]
3
(d) Solve the inequality f ( x) < . [4]
2
(e) Solve the inequality f ( x ) < 32 . [2]
π x +1
Consider the functions f ( x) = tan x , 0 ≤ x < and g ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 1.
2 x −1
(a) Find an expression for g  f (x) , stating its domain. [2]
sin x + cos x
(b) Hence show that g  f ( x) = . [2]
sin x − cos x
dy
(c) Let y = g  f (x) , find an exact value for at the point on the graph of y = g  f (x)
dx
π
where x = , expressing your answer in the form a + b 3 , a , b ∈  . [6]
6
(d) Show that the area bounded by the graph of y = g  f (x) , the x-axis and the lines
π
x = 0 and x =
6
(
is ln 1 + 3 . ) [6]
Turn over
12EP11
– 14 – M04/512/H(1)
17. The function f is defined by f : x a 3x .
Find the solution of the equation f ′′( x) = 2 .
Working:
Answer:
ln x
18. Find ∫ x
dx .
Working:
Answer:
224-238
(a) Find the solution of the equation
ln 24 x −1 = ln 8 x +5 + log 2 161− 2 x ,
expressing your answer in terms of ln 2 . [4 marks]
(b) Using this value of x , find the value of a for which log a x = 2 , giving your
answer to three decimal places. [2 marks]
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2210-7206 Turn over

0514
Section B
2 ln x + 1
The function f is defined by f ( x) = , 0 < x < 3.
x−3
(a) Find f '(x) . [4]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the coordinates of the point of inflexion on the graph
of y = f (x) . [4]
(c) Draw a set of axes showing x and y values between -3 and 3 . On these axes
(i) sketch the graph of y = f (x) , showing clearly any axis intercepts and giving the
equations of any asymptotes.
(ii) sketch the graph of y = f -1(x) , showing clearly any axis intercepts and giving the
equations of any asymptotes. [8]
(d) Hence, or otherwise, solve the inequality f (x) > f -1(x) . [3]
16EP12
∫ (ln x) dx .
2
Use integration by parts to find
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12EP06
Consider the equation x5 - 3x4 + mx3 + nx2 + px + q = 0 , where m , n , p , q ∈  .
The equation has three distinct real roots which can be written as log2 a , log2 b and log2 c .
The equation also has two imaginary roots, one of which is di where d ∈  .
(a) Show that abc = 8 . [5]
The values a , b , and c are consecutive terms in a geometric sequence.
(b) Show that one of the real roots is equal to 1. [3]
(c) Given that q = 8d 2 , find the other two real roots. [9]
12EP12
The curve C is defined by equation xy - ln y = 1 , y > 0 .
dy
(a) Find in terms of x and y . [4]
dx
2 
(b) Determine the equation of the tangent to C at the point  , e  . [3]
e 
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Turn over
12EP03
Consider f ( x) = − 1 + ln ( )
x2 − 1 .
(a) Find the largest possible domain D for f to be a function. [2]
The function f is defined by f ( x) = −1 + ln ( )

x2 − 1 , x∈ D .
(b) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing clearly the equations of asymptotes and the
coordinates of any intercepts with the axes. [3]
(c) Explain why f is an even function. [1]
(d) Explain why the inverse function f -1 does not exist. [1]
The function g is defined by g ( x) = − 1 + ln ( )

x 2 − 1 , x ∈]1, ∞[ .
(e) Find the inverse function g-1 and state its domain. [4]
(f) Find g' (x) . [3]
(g) Hence, show that there are no solutions to
(i) g' (x) = 0 ;
(ii) ( )
g-1 ' (x) = 0 . [4]
12EP12
(a) Sketch the graphs of y = sin3 x + ln x and y = 1 + cos x on the following axes
for 0 < x ≤ 9 . [2]
y
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
−1
−2
−3
(b) Hence solve sin3 x + ln x - cos x - 1 < 0 in the range 0 < x ≤ 9 . [4]
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Turn over
12EP05
 1  1
Given that log10  ( p + 2 q )  = ( log10 p + log10 q ) , p > 0 , q > 0 , find p in terms of q .
2 2  2
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16EP08
–3– M02/510/H(2)
The function y = f (x) satisfies the differential equation
dy
2x 2 = x 2 + y2 ( x > 0)
dx
(a) (i) Using the substitution y = x , show that
d
2x = ( – 1)2 .
dx
(ii) Hence show that the solution of the original differential equation is
2x
y=x– , where c is an arbitrary constant.
(ln x + c)
(iii) Find the value of c given that y = 2 when x = 1 . [7 marks]
(b) The graph of y = f (x) is shown below. The graph crosses the x-axis at A .
y
0
1 5 A x
(i) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.
(ii) Find the exact value of the x-coordinate of the point A .
(iii) Find the area of the shaded region. [5 marks]
222–237 Turn over
23724617
–3– N02/510/H(2)
2 3
 π π  π π
 cos − isin   cos + isin 
4  3 3
Consider the complex number z = 
4
4
.
 π π
 cos − isin 
 24 24 
(a) (i) Find the modulus of z.
(ii) Find the argument of z, giving your answer in radians. [4 marks]
(b) Using De Moivre’s theorem, show that z is a cube root of one, i.e. z = 3 1 . [2 marks]
(c) Simplify (1 + 2 z )(2 + z 2 ) , expressing your answer in the form a + bi,

where a and b are exact real numbers. [5 marks]
(a) On the same axes sketch the graphs of the functions f ( x) and g ( x) , where
f ( x) = 4 − (1 − x) 2 , for − 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 ,
g ( x) = ln ( x + 3) − 2 , for − 3 ≤ x ≤ 5 . [2 marks]
(b) (i) Write down the equation of any vertical asymptotes.
(ii) State the x-intercept and y-intercept of g ( x) . [3 marks]
(c) Find the values of x for which f ( x) = g ( x) . [2 marks]
(d) Let A be the region where f ( x) ≥ g ( x) and x ≥ 0 .
(i) On your graph shade the region A.
(ii) Write down an integral that represents the area of A.
(iii) Evaluate this integral. [4 marks]
(e) In the region A find the maximum vertical distance between f ( x) and g ( x) . [3 marks]
882-237 Turn over

–2– M03/510/H(2)
Please start each question on a new page. You are advised to show all working, where possible.
Where an answer is wrong, some marks may be given for correct method, provided this is shown by
written working. Solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable
working, e.g. if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer.
SECTION A
Answer all five questions from this section.
x2
The function f is defined by f ( x) = , for x > 0.
2x
(a) (i) Show that

2 x − x 2 ln 2
f ′( x) = .
2x
(ii) Obtain an expression for f ′′( x) , simplifying your answer as far as

possible. [5 marks]
(b) (i) Find the exact value of x satisfying the equation f ′( x) = 0 .
(ii) Show that this value gives a maximum value for f ( x) . [4 marks]
(c) Find the x-coordinates of the two points of inflexion on the graph of f. [3 marks]
223-237
–5– M03/510/H(2)
The function f with domain 0,  is defined by f ( x) = cos x + 3 sin x .

π
 2
This function may also be expressed in the form R cos ( x − α ) where R > 0 and
π
0 <α < .
2
(a) Find the exact value of R and of α. [3 marks]
(b) (i) Find the range of the function f.
(ii) State, giving a reason, whether or not the inverse function of f

exists. [5 marks]
(c) Find the exact value of x satisfying the equation f ( x) = 2 . [3 marks]
(d) Using the result
∫ sec x dx = ln sec x + tan x + C , where C is a constant,
show that
π
∫0
2
dx 1
(
= ln 3 + 2 3 .
f ( x) 2
) [5 marks]
223-237 Turn over

Please start each question on a new page. You are advised to show all working, where possible. Where an
answer is wrong, some marks may be given for correct method, provided this is shown by written working.
Solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable working, e.g. if graphs
are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer.
SECTION A
Answer all five questions from this section.
x2 a bx + c
(a) Given that ≡ + , calculate the value of a,
(1 + x) (1 + x ) (1 + x) (1 + x 2 )
2
of b and of c. [5 marks]
x2
(b) (i) Hence, find I = ∫ dx .
(1 + x) (1 + x 2 )
π
(ii) If I = when x = 1, calculate the value of the constant of integration
4
giving your answer in the form p + q ln r where p , q , r ∈ ¡ . [7 marks]
 −1 −k 3 
 
(i) (a) Let M =  4 5 1  . Find det M . [2 marks]
 1 −1 k 
 
(b) Find the values of k for which the following system of equations does not
have a unique solution.
− x − ky + 3 z = −1
4x + 5 y + z = 2
x − y + kz = 1 [3 marks]
(ii) The plane π contains the line x − 1 = y − 1 = z − 5 and the point (1, −2, 3).
2 3 6
(a) Show that the equation of π is 6 x + 2 y − 3 z = −7 . [7 marks]
(b) Calculate the distance of the plane π from the origin. [4 marks]
8805-7202
ln x
The function f is defined by f ( x) = , x ≥ 1.
x3
(a) Find f ′ ( x) and f ′′ ( x) , simplifying your answers. [6 marks]
(b) (i) Find the exact value of the x-coordinate of the maximum point and justify
that this is a maximum.
(ii) Solve f ′′( x) = 0 , and show that at this value of x, there is a point of
inflexion on the graph of f .
(iii) Sketch the graph of f , indicating the maximum point and the point of
inflexion. [11 marks]
The region enclosed by the x-axis, the graph of f and the line x = 3 is denoted by R.
(c) Find the volume of the solid of revolution obtained when R is rotated through
360 about the x-axis. [3 marks]
1
(d) Show that the area of R is ( − ln 3) . [6 marks]
18
Let y = cos θ + i sin θ .
dy
(a) Show that = iy .
dθ
[You may assume that for the purposes of differentiation and integration, i may
be treated in the same way as a real constant.] [3 marks]
(b) Hence show, using integration, that y = eiθ . [5 marks]
(c) Use this result to deduce de Moivre’s theorem. [2 marks]
sin 6θ
(d) (i) Given that = a cos5 θ + b cos3 θ + c cos θ , where sin θ ≠ 0 , use
sin θ
de Moivre’s theorem with n = 6 to find the values of the constants a, b
and c.
sin 6θ
(ii) Hence deduce the value of lim . [10 marks]
θ →0 sin θ
8806-7202
– – N08/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
(a) Sketch the curve y = ln x − cos x − 0.1, 0 < x < showing clearly the
coordinates of the points of intersection with the x-axis and the coordinates of
any local maxima and minima. [5 marks]
(b) Find the values of x for which ln x > cos x + 0.1, 0 < x < . [2 marks]
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8808-7202 Turn over

0713
1  dy 2 − y
If y = ln  (1 + e −2 x )  , show that = (e − ) .
  dx
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8808-7202 Turn over

0913
Find the gradient of the curve e xy + ln ( y 2 ) + e y = 1 + e at the point (0 , 1) .
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8809-7202 Turn over

0912
Solve the equations

x
ln =1
y
ln x3 + ln y 2 = 5 .
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8810-7202
0614
Consider f ( x) = ln x − ecos x , 0 < x ≤ 10 .
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) , stating the coordinates of any maximum and minimum
points and points of intersection with the x-axis. [5]
(b) Solve the inequality ln x ≤ ecos x , 0 < x ≤ 10 . [2]
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16EP04
Section B
(a) The number of cats visiting Helena’s garden each week follows a Poisson distribution
with mean λ = 0.6 .
Find the probability that
(i) in a particular week no cats will visit Helena’s garden;
(ii) in a particular week at least three cats will visit Helena’s garden;
(iii) over a four-week period no more than five cats in total will visit Helena’s garden;
(iv) over a twelve-week period there will be exactly four weeks in which at least one cat
will visit Helena’s garden. [9]
(b) A continuous random variable X has probability distribution function f given by
f ( x ) = k ln x 1≤ x ≤ 3
f ( x) = 0 otherwise
(i) Find the value of k to six decimal places.
(ii) Find the value of E (X ) .
(iii) State the mode of X .
(iv) Find the median of X . [9]
16EP12
1 x −x
A function f is defined by f ( x) =
2
( )
e + e , x∈ .
(a) (i) Explain why the inverse function f −1 does not exist.
(ii) Show that the equation of the normal to the curve at the point P where x = ln 3
is given by 9 x + 12 y − 9 ln 3 − 20 = 0 .
(iii) Find the x-coordinates of the points Q and R on the curve such that the tangents at
Q and R pass through (0, 0) . [14]
(b) The domain of f is now restricted to x ≥ 0 .
(i) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .
(ii) Find the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve y = f ( x )
and the lines x = 0 and y = 5 is rotated through an angle of 2π radians about
the y-axis. [8]
16EP14
The continuous random variable X has the probability distribution function
f (x) = A sin ( ln (x) ) , 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 .
(a) Find the value of A to three decimal places. [2]
(b) Find the mode of X . [2]
(c) Find the value P (X ≤ 3 | X ≥ 2). [2]
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Turn over
16EP09
– 10 – N01/510/H(2)
Analysis and Approximation

1
Consider the function f ( x ) = x x , where x ∈ R + .

 1 − ln x 
(i) (a) Show that the derivative f ′( x ) = f ( x )  . [3 marks]
 x2 
(b) Sketch the function f (x) , showing clearly the local maximum of the
function and its horizontal asymptote. You may use the fact that
ln x
lim =0. [5 marks]
x→∞ x
(c) Find the Taylor expansion of f (x) about x = e , up to the second degree
term, and show that this polynomial has the same maximum value as
f (x) itself. [5 marks]
∞
 1 
(ii) Determine whether the series ∑
n =1
 1+ 1  converges.
n n
[4 marks]
(iii) Let g (x) = xm (x – 1)n , where m and n are positive integers. Show using
Rolle’s theorem that there is a number c ]0 , 1[ which divides the interval
[0 , 1] in the ratio m : n . [5 marks]
(iv) Let h (x) = ecos x .
(a) Show that the area A enclosed by the curve h (x) , the x-axis, and the
2π
lines x = –10π and x = 20π is equal to 15
∫0
h ( x )dx . [2 marks]
(b) Find the number of sub-intervals required for the trapezium rule to
yield an error less than 0.15 when evaluating A .
∫ h (x )dx
b
(You may assume that the error in evaluating by the
a
( b − a)3
trapezium rule with n sub-intervals is of the form h ″ (c) ,
where a < c < b .) 12 n2 [6 marks]
881–237

∞
(k − 1)
(i) (a) Show that the series ∑
k =1 k!
is convergent. [3 marks]
(b) Find the sum of the series. [3 marks]
(ii) The function f is defined by f ( x) = e − x cos 2 x.
(a) (i) Show that f ′′( x) + 2 f ′( x) + 5 f ( x) = 0.
(ii) Show that f ( n + 2 ) (0) + 2 f ( n +1) (0) + 5 f ( n ) (0) = 0, for n ∈ ¢ + . [6 marks]
(b) Find the Maclaurin series for f ( x) up to and including the term in x 4 . [4 marks]
 x
(iii) Consider the equation ln(2 x) = sin   where 0.5 < x < 1.
 2
(a) Sketch a graph to show that this equation has exactly one root. [2 marks]
The equation can be rearranged in two ways as follows.
 x
1 sin  
x = h( x) where h( x) = e  2 
2
x = g ( x) where g ( x) = 2 arcsin ( ln(2 x) )
(b) Obtain expressions for h′( x) and g ′( x) . [4 marks]
(c) (i) Show that, for 0.5 < x < 1, h′( x) < 1 and g ′( x) > 1.
(ii) Hence state, with a reason, which of these rearrangements leads to a

convergent fixed-point iteration. [5 marks]
(d) Use this convergent fixed-point iteration with x0 = 0.7 to solve the equation
 x
ln(2 x) = sin   . Give your answer correct to six decimal places. [3 marks]
 2
2205-7205
By using an appropriate substitution find
tan (ln y )
∫ y
dy , y > 0 .
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2208-7208
1014
Solve the following system of equations.
log x +1 y = 2
1
log y +1 x =
4
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2211-7204
1014
Let f ( x) = ln x . The graph of f is transformed into the graph of the function g
 3
by a translation of   , followed by a reflection in the x-axis. Find an expression
 −2 
for g ( x) , giving your answer as a single logarithm.
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Turn over
0716
e x cos x ln ( x + e)
Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = at the point where x = 0 .
( x17 + 1)
5
In your answer give the value of the gradient, of the normal, to three decimal places.
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16EP10
Richard, a marine soldier, steps out of a stationary helicopter, 1000 m above the ground,
at time t = 0 . Let his height, in metres, above the ground be given by s (t). For the first
10 seconds his velocity, v (t) ms–1 , is given by v (t) = –10t .
(a) (i) Find his acceleration a (t) for t < 10 .
(ii) v (10) .
Calculate
(iii) Show that s (10) = 500 . [6]
At t = 10 his parachute opens and his acceleration a (t) is subsequently given by
a (t) = –10 – 5v , t ≥ 10 .
dt 1 dt
(b) Given that = , write down in terms of v . [1]
dv dv dv
dt
You are told that Richard’s acceleration, a (t) = – 10 – 5v , is always positive, for t ≥ 10 .
1  98 
(c) Hence show that t = 10 + ln  . [5]
5  −2 − v 
(d) Hence find an expression for the velocity, v , for t ≥ 10 . [2]
(e) Find an expression for his height, s , above the ground for t ≥ 10 . [5]
(f) Find the value of t when Richard lands on the ground. [2]
16EP14
The displacement, s , in metres, of a particle t seconds after it passes through the origin is
given by the expression = -t
s ln 2 - e , t ≥ 0 .( )
(a) Find an expression for the velocity, v , of the particle at time t . [2]
(b) Find an expression for the acceleration, a , of the particle at time t . [2]
(c) Find the acceleration of the particle at time t = 0. [1]
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16EP04
–4– M04/511/H(2)
(i) A complex number z is such that z = z − 3i .
3
(a) Show that the imaginary part of z is . [2 marks]
2
(b) Let z1 and z2 be the two possible values of z, such that z = 3 .
(i) Sketch a diagram to show the points which represent

z1 and z2 in the complex plane, where z1 is in the first
quadrant.
π
(ii) Show that arg z1 = .
6
(iii) Find arg z2 . [4 marks]
 zk z 
(c) Given that arg  1 2  = π , find a value of k. [4 marks]
 2i 
(ii) Find an expression for the sum of the first 35 terms of the series
x2 x2 x2
ln x + ln + ln 2 + ln 3 + …
2
y y y
xm
giving your answer in the form ln , where m , n ∈N . [5 marks]
yn
224-237
– 11 – M04/511/H(2)
(i) Find the Maclaurin series of the function

f ( x) = ln (1 + sin x)
up to and including the term in x 4 . [8 marks]
(ii) (a) Use the trapezium rule with three ordinates to estimate the value
of the integral
1
∫ 0.5
sin ( x 2 )dx .
Give your answer correct to six decimal places. [2 marks]
(b) Calculate an upper bound for the error in this estimate. [5 marks]
(c) Find the value of this integral to six decimal places. Verify that
the error is less than your upper bound. [2 marks]
(iii) Consider the equation 2sin x − x = 0 .
(a) By drawing a suitable sketch, determine the number of real roots

of this equation. [2 marks]
(b) Find the value, α, of the root between 1 and 2, giving your answer
to the accuracy displayed on your calculator. [1 mark]
(c) Using the Newton-Raphson method, with x0 = 2 , find successive

approximations x1 and x2 to this root of the equation. Give your
answers to the accuracy displayed on your calculator. [4 marks]
(d) You are given that successive approximations satisfy, approximately,

the equation
( xn +1 − α ) = k ( xn − α ) N , (n ≥ 0)
where k is a constant and N is a positive integer. By putting n = 0

and then n = 1 and substituting your results from part (c), determine
the value of N. Hence state the order of convergence of the
Newton-Raphson method. [6 marks]
224-237 Turn over

Find the set of values of x for which 0.1x 2 − 2 x + 3 < log10 x .
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2208-7214 Turn over

1114
–5– M09/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ2/XX+
(a) The graph of y = ln ( x) is transformed into the graph of y = ln (2 x + 1) .

Describe two transformations that are required to do this. [2 marks]
(b) Solve ln (2 x + 1) > 3 cos ( x) , x ∈ [0 , 10] . [4 marks]
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2209-7206 Turn over

0514
A particle moves in a straight line with velocity v metres per second. At any time
3π dv 2
t seconds, 0 ≤ t < , the velocity is given by the differential equation + v + 1 = 0 .
4 dt
It is also given that v = 1 when t = 0 .
(a) Find an expression for v in terms of t . [7 marks]
(b) Sketch the graph of v against t , clearly showing the coordinates of any intercepts,
and the equations of any asymptotes. [3 marks]
(c) (i) Write down the time T at which the velocity is zero.
(ii) Find the distance travelled in the interval [0 , T ] . [3 marks]
(d) Find an expression for s , the displacement, in terms of t , given that s = 0
when t = 0 . [5 marks]
1 2
(e) Hence, or otherwise, show that s = ln . [4 marks]
2 1 + v2
1416
–7– m15/5/MATHL/HP2/eng/TZ2/XX
The graph of y = ln (5x + 10) is obtained from the graph of y = ln x by a translation of a units
in the direction of the x-axis followed by a translation of b units in the direction of the y-axis.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b . [4]
(b) The region bounded by the graph of y = ln (5x + 10) , the x-axis and the lines
x = e and x = 2e , is rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis. Find the volume
generated. [2]
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Turn over
16EP07
Solve the simultaneous equations

y
ln =2
x
ln x 2 + ln y 3 =
7.
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16EP04
The functions f and g are defined by
e x + e- x
f ( x) = , x ∈ 
2
e x - e- x
g ( x) = , x ∈ 
2
1 ex
(a) (i) Show that = .
4 f ( x) - 2 g ( x) e 2 x + 3
ln 3
1
(ii) Use the substitution u = ex to find ∫ 4 f ( x) − 2 g ( x) dx .
0
Give your answer in the
π a
form where a , b ∈ + . [9]
b
Let h(x) = nf (x) + g(x) where n ∈ , n > 1 .
(b) (i) By forming a quadratic equation in ex , solve the equation h(x) = k , where k ∈ + .
(ii) Hence or otherwise show that the equation h(x) = k has two real solutions
provided that k > n 2 - 1 and k ∈ + . [8]
g ( x)
Let t ( x) = .
f ( x)
[ f ( x)] - [ g ( x)]
2 2
(c) (i) Show that t ′( x) = for x ∈  .

[ f ( x)]
2
(ii) Hence show that t'(x) > 0 for x ∈  . [6]
16EP13
x 2 x3 x 2 x3 x 4
(i) Given that e x = 1 + x + + + ... , and ln (1 + x) = x − + − + ... , find
2! 3! 2 3 4
−x
the first four non-zero terms of the Maclaurin series for e ln (1 + x) . [6 marks]
3.2  ln x 
(ii) Let I = ∫2  2  dx .
 x 
(a) Use the trapezium rule with six sub-intervals to estimate the value of I. [4 marks]
(b) How many sub-intervals are required so that the error in estimating I is
less than 10−5 ? [8 marks]
(iii) Let g ( x) = sin 3 x + cos x , for 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.
Use the Newton-Raphson method to find an approximation for a, with an error

less than 10−8 , such that g (a ) is a maximum. [7 marks]
∞
(2k − 2)!
(iv) Find the radius of convergence of the series ∑ k !(k − 1)! x
k =1
k
. [5 marks]
2205-7208
–3– 8820 – 7208
The function f is defined by f ( x ) = ln ( 1 + x2 ) where −1 < x < 1 .
(a) (i) Use the Maclaurin series for ln ( 1 + x ) to write down the first three non-zero
terms of the Maclaurin series for f ( x ) .
x
(ii) Hence find the first three non-zero terms of the Maclaurin series for .[6]
1 + x2
(b) Use your answer to part (a)(i) to write down an estimate for f ( 0.4 ) . [1]
(7) 1440 x ( x 6 − 21x 4 + 35 x 2 − 7)

The seventh derivative of f is given by f ( x) = .
(1 + x 2 )7
(c) (i) Use the Lagrange form of the error term to find an upper bound for the absolute
value of the error in calculating f ( 0.4 ) , using the first three non-zero terms of the
Maclaurin series for f ( x ) .
(ii) With reference to the Lagrange form of the error term, explain whether your
answer to part (b) is an overestimate or an underestimate for f ( 0.4 ) . [8]

–2– M17/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/SE
Please start each question on a new page. Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer
with no working. Answers must be supported by working and/or explanations. In particular, solutions
found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable working. For example, if
graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where an answer
is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working.
You are therefore advised to show all working.
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to determine the value of

sin 2 x
lim .
x →0 x ln(1 + x)
Let the Maclaurin series for tan x be
tan x = a1 x + a3 x3 + a5 x5 + …
where a1 , a3 and a5 are constants.
(a) Find series for sec2 x , in terms of a1 , a3 and a5 , up to and including the x4 term
(i) by differentiating the above series for tan x ;
(ii) by using the relationship sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x . [3]
(b) Hence, by comparing your two series, determine the values of a1 , a3 and a5 . [3]
∞
1
Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series ∑n
n=2 ln n
is convergent or
divergent.
(a) Consider the differential equation
dy  y
= f  , x > 0 .
dx x
Use the substitution y = vx to show that the general solution of this differential
equation is
dv
∫ f (v) −=
v
ln x + Constant . [3]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the differential equation
dy x 2 + 3 xy + y 2
= , x > 0,
dx x2
given that y = 1 when x = 1 . Give your answer in the form y = g(x) . [10]
Turn over
1
Consider the curve y = , x > 0 .
x
(a) By drawing a diagram and considering the area of a suitable region under the curve,
show that for r > 0 ,
1  r + 1 1
< ln  < . [4]
r +1  r  r
(b) Hence, given that n is a positive integer greater than one, show that
n
1
(i) ∑ r > ln(1 + n) ;
r =1
n
1
(ii) ∑ r < 1 + ln n .
r =1
[6]
n
1
Let Un = ∑r
r =1
− ln n .
(c) Hence, given that n is a positive integer greater than one, show that
(i) Un > 0 ;
(ii) Un + 1 < Un . [4]
(d) Explain why these two results prove that {Un} is a convergent sequence. [1]
(a) Given that n > ln n for n > 0 , use the comparison test to show that the series
∞
1
∑ ln(n + 2)
n =0
is divergent. [3]
∞
(3 x) n
(b) Find the interval of convergence for ∑
n = 0 ln( n + 2)
. [7]
The function f is defined by

x − 2 +1 x < 2
f ( x) =  2
 ax + bx x ≥ 2
where a and b are real constants.
Given that both f and its derivative are continuous at x = 2 , find the value of a and the
value of b .
∞
1
(a) Find the value of ∫x
4
3
dx . [3]
∞ ∞ ∞
1 1 1
(b) Illustrate graphically the inequality ∑
n =5 n
3
< ∫4 x3 dx < ∑n
n=4
3
. [4]
∞
1
(c) Hence write down a lower bound for ∑n
n= 4
3 . [1]
∞
1
(d) Find an upper bound for ∑n
n= 4
3 . [3]
–2– N19/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/SE
graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where an answer is
incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working.
 x −3
 , x<3
The function f is defined by f ( x ) =  x − 5 .
ln ( x − 2 ) , x ≥ 3

(a) Show that f is continuous at x = 3 .[3]
(b) Show that f is not differentiable at x = 3 .[4]
Determine whether each of the following infinite series converges or diverges.
∞
3n
(a) ∑ 2n
n =1
2
+5
[4]
∞
( 2n ) !
(b) ∑3 2 [6]
n =1
n
( n !)
1 1
The function f is defined by f (x) = arcsin (2x) , where − ≤x≤ .
2 2
(a) By finding a suitable number of derivatives of f , find the first two non-zero terms in the
Maclaurin series for f . [8]
arcsin (2 x) − 2 x
(b) Hence or otherwise, find lim .[3]
x →0 ( 2 x )3
dy  2 x 
Consider the differential equation + 2 
y = x 2 , given that y = 2 when x = 0 .
dx  1 + x 
(a) Show that 1 + x2 is an integrating factor for this differential equation. [5]
(b) Hence solve this differential equation. Give the answer in the form y = f (x) . [6]
(a) By successive differentiation find the first four non-zero terms in the Maclaurin series
for f (x) = (x + 1)ln(1 + x) - x . [11]
1
(b) Deduce that, for n ≥ 2 , the coefficient of xn in this series is (-1) n . [1]
n(n - 1)
(c) By applying the ratio test, find the radius of convergence for this Maclaurin series. [6]
–2– m15/5/MATHL/HP3/eng/TZ0/SE
The function f is defined by f (x) = e–x cos x + x − 1 .
By finding a suitable number of derivatives of f , determine the first non-zero term in its
Maclaurin series.
1
x∫
(a) Show that y = f ( x) dx is a solution of the differential equation
dy
x + y = f ( x) , x > 0 . [3]
dx
1
dy −
(b) Hence solve x + y = x 2 , x > 0 , given that y = 2 when x = 4 . [5]
dx
∞
1
(a) Show that the series ∑n
n=2
2
ln n
converges. [3]
 1
(b) (i) Show that ln (n) + ln 1 +  = ln (n + 1) .
 n
(ii) Using this result, show that an application of the ratio test fails to determine
∞
1
whether or not ∑ n ln n
n=2
converges. [6]
(c) (i) State why the integral test can be used to determine the convergence or
∞
1
divergence of ∑ n ln n .
n=2
∞
1
(ii) Hence determine the convergence or divergence of ∑ n ln n .
n=2
[8]
The function f is defined by f (x) = ex sin x , x ∈  .
(a) By finding a suitable number of derivatives of f , determine the Maclaurin series for
f (x) as far as the term in x3 . [7]
e x sin x − x − x 2
(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the exact value of lim . [3]
x→0 x3
(c) The Maclaurin series is to be used to find an approximate value for f (0.5) .
(i) Use the Lagrange form of the error term to find an upper bound for the absolute
value of the error in this approximation.
(ii) Deduce from the Lagrange error term whether the approximation will be greater
than or less than the actual value of f (0.5) . [7]
x
A function f is given by f (x) = ∫ ln (2 + sin t ) dt .
0
(a) Write down f '(x) . [1]
x2
(b) ( )
2
By differentiating f x , obtain an expression for the derivative of ∫ ln (2 + sin t ) dt
0
with respect to x . [3]
x2
(c) Hence obtain an expression for the derivative of ∫ ln (2 + sin t ) dt
x
with respect to x . [3]
(a) Given that f (x) = ln x , use the mean value theorem to show that, for 0 < a < b ,
b-a b b-a
< ln < . [7]
b a a
1 1
(b) Hence show that ln(1.2) lies between m and n , where m , n are consecutive
positive integers to be determined. [2]
dy x
Consider the differential equation = - xy where y > 0 and y = 2 when x = 0 .
dx y
dz
(a) Show that putting z = y2 transforms the differential equation into + 2 xz =
2x . [4]
dx
(b) By solving this differential equation in z , obtain an expression for y in terms of x . [9]
∞ ( n + 1)π
sin t
Consider the infinite series S = ∑u
n=0
n where un = ∫
nπ
t
dt .
(a) Explain why the series is alternating. [1]
(b) (i) Use the substitution T = t - π in the expression for un+1 to show that | un+1 | < | un | .
(ii) Show that the series is convergent. [9]
(c) Show that S < 1.65 . [4]

found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable working. For example, if graphs
are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect,
some marks may be given for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore
advised to show all working.
e x + e− x e x − e− x
Consider the functions f and g given by f ( x) = and g ( x) = .
2 2
(a) Show that f ′ ( x ) = g ( x ) and g ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) . [2]
(b) Find the first three non-zero terms in the Maclaurin expansion of f ( x ) . [5]
1 − f ( x)
(c) Hence find the value of lim . [3]
x →0 x2
∞ g ( x)
(d) Find the value of the improper integral ∫ [ f ( x) ]
0 2
dx . [6]
(a) Consider the functions f ( x ) = (ln x ) 2 , x > 1 and g ( x ) = ln ( f ( x ) ) , x > 1 .
(i) Find f ′ ( x ) .
Find g ′ ( x ) .
(ii)
(iii) Hence, show that g ( x ) is increasing on ] 1, ∞ [ . [5]
(b) Consider the differential equation
dy 2 2x −1
(ln x) += y , x > 1.
dx x (ln x)
(i) Find the general solution of the differential equation in the form y = h ( x ) .
(ii) Show that the particular solution passing through the point with coordinates ( e, e 2 )
x2 − x + e
is given by y = .
(ln x ) 2
(iii) Sketch the graph of your solution for x > 1 , clearly indicating any asymptotes and
any maximum or minimum points. [12]
2214-7208
SECTION C
Series and differential equations
∞
1
Consider the series S = ∑ .
n =1 n!
(a) Use the ratio test to prove that this series is convergent. [4 marks]
(b) Use a comparison test to show that S < 2 . [4 marks]
(c) Write down the exact value of S. [1 mark]
(a) Show that the polynomial approximation for ln x in the interval [0.5 , 1.5]
obtained by taking the first three non-zero terms of the Taylor series about x = 1
is given by
x3 3x 2 11
ln x ≈ − + 3x − . [7 marks]
3 2 6
(b) Given ∫ ln x dx = x ln x − x + C , show by integrating the above series that another

approximation to ln x is given by
x3 x 2 3x 5 1
ln x ≈ − + − − . [6 marks]
12 2 2 6 4x
(c) Which is the better approximation when x = 1.5 ? [4 marks]
8806-7203 Turn over

d   1+ x  2
(a) Show that  ln   = , | x|< 1. [3 marks]
dx   1 − x   1 − x 2
(b) Find the solution to the homogeneous differential equation
dy 1
x2 = x 2 + xy − y 2 , given that y = when x = 1 .
dx 2
Give your answer in the form y = g ( x) . [16 marks]
αn x dx
(a) (i) Find I n = ∫ −n 1 + x
2
, where α is a positive constant and n is a positive
integer.
(ii) Determine lim I n . [6 marks]

n →∞
(b) Using l’Hôpital’s Rule find
 tan β x − β tan x 
lim  ,
x → 0 sin β x − β sin x
 
where β is a non-zero constant different from ±1 . [9 marks]
8806-7203
–– N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX+
SECTION C
(a) (i) State the domain and range of the function f ( x) = arcsin ( x) .
(ii) Determine the first two non-zero terms in the Maclaurin series for f ( x) . [8 marks]
(b) Use the small angle approximation
y2 y4
cos ( y ) ≈ 1 − +
2 24
to find a series for cos ( arcsin ( x) ) up to and including the term in x 4 . [4 marks]
(c) (i) Find the Maclaurin series for ( p + qx 2 ) r up to and including the term in x 4
where p, q, r ∈  .
(ii) Find values of p, q, r such that your series in (c) (i) is identical to your
answer to (b). Comment on this result. [7 marks]
 ln ( a 2 + x 2 ) 
(a) Determine lim  3  , where a is a positive constant, not equal to 1. [3 marks]
x →0
 ln ( a − x ) 
 ln (1 + x 2 ) 
(b) Calculate lim  2 
. [3 marks]
x →0
 ln (1 − x ) 
 2 + x 2 − 2 cos x 
(c) Show that lim  x − x  =1. [4 marks]
x →0
 e + e − 2 cos x 
8807-7203 Turn over

– 11 – N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX+
1
(a) (i) By considering the graph of y = between x = a and x = a +1 , show
that x
1  a +1  1  1 1 
< ln  <  +  , for all a > 0.
a +1  a  2  a a +1 
(ii) Deduce that

1 3
< ln 2 < .
2 4
(iii) Using (i) find p , q ∈  such that p < ln 3 < q . [8 marks]
(b) Given that H n is the n th partial sum of the harmonic series, show that
1 1
H n − 1 < ln n < H n − − , for n > 1. [5 marks]
2 2n
(c) If γ n = H n − ln n , prove that the terms of the sequence {γ n : n ≥ 1} decrease as

n increases. [4 marks]
8807-7203 Turn over

SECTION C
dy y + 2
Given that = and y = 1 when x = 0 , use Euler’s method with interval
dx xy + 1
h = 0.5 to find an approximate value of y when x = 1 . [9 marks]
(a) Show that ∫ tan x dx = ln sec x + C , where C is a constant. [2 marks]
(b) Hence find an integrating factor for solving the differential equation
dy
+ y tan x = sec x . [2 marks]
dx
(c) Solve this differential equation given that y = 2 when x = 0.

Give your answer in the form y = f ( x). [8 marks]
Find the value of
1+ x −1
(a) lim ; [3 marks]
x →0 x
(b) lim x ln x . [6 marks]

x →0
2206-7206 Turn over

∞ ∞
(a) (i) Given that ∑ un is convergent, where un ≥ 0 , prove that
n=1
∑ u n
2
is
n =1
also convergent.
(ii) State, with a reason, whether or not the converse of this result is true. [5 marks]
(b) Use the integral test to determine the set of values of k for which the series
∞
1
∑
n = 2 n (ln n)
k
(i) is convergent;
(ii) is divergent. [10 marks]
Consider the function f defined by
f ( x) = arcsin x , for x ≤ 1.
The derivatives of f ( x) satisfy the equation
(1 − x 2 ) f ( n + 2 ) ( x) − (2n + 1) x f ( n +1) ( x) − n 2 f ( n ) ( x) = 0, for n ≥ 1.
The coefficient of x n in the Maclaurin series for f ( x) is denoted by an . You may

assume that the series contains only odd powers of x.
(a) (i) Show that, for n ≥ 1, (n + 1) (n + 2) an + 2 = n 2 an .
(ii) Given that a1 = 1 , find an expression for an in terms of n, valid for odd
n ≥ 3. [7 marks]
(b) Find the radius of convergence of this Maclaurin series. [4 marks]
1
(c) Find an approximate value for π by putting x = and summing the first three
2
non-zero terms of this series. Give your answer to four significant figures. [4 marks]
2206-7206
–– M09/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/SE
found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable working, e.g. if graphs are used to
find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks
may be given for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised
to show all working.
Find
tan x
(a) lim ; [4 marks]
x →0 x + x2
1 − x 2 + 2 x 2 ln x
(b) lim . [7 marks]
x →1 πx
1 − sin
2
dy
The variables x and y are related by − y tan x = cos x .
dx
(a) Find the Maclaurin series for y up to and including the term in x 2 given that
π
y = − when x = 0 . [7 marks]
2
(b) Solve the differential equation given that y = 0 when x = π . Give the solution
in the form y = f ( x) . [10 marks]

∞
1
(a) Determine whether the series ∑ sin n
n=1
is convergent or divergent. [5 marks]
∞
1
(b) Show that the series ∑ n (ln n)
n=2
2
is convergent. [7 marks]
2209-7208
Solve the differential equation
dy
( x − 1) + xy = ( x − 1) e − x
dx
given that y = 1 when x = 0 . Give your answer in the form y = f ( x) .
Consider the infinite series
1 1 1 1
− + − + ... .
2 ln 2 3 ln 3 4 ln 4 5 ln 5
(a) Show that the series converges. [4 marks]
(b) Determine if the series converges absolutely or conditionally. [11 marks]
8810-7208
Please start each question on a new page. Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with
no working. Answers must be supported by working and/or explanations. In particular, solutions found
from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable working, e.g. if graphs are used to find
a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may
be given for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show
all working.
(a) Find the first three terms of the Maclaurin series for ln (1+ e x ) . [6 marks]
2 ln (1 + e x ) − x − ln 4
(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the value of lim . [4 marks]
x →0 x2
dy
Consider the differential equation = x 2 + y 2 where y = 1 when x = 0 .
dx
(a) Use Euler’s method with step length 0.1 to find an approximate value of y
when x = 0.4 . [7 marks]
(b) Write down, giving a reason, whether your approximate value for y is greater
than or less than the actual value of y . [1 mark]
Solve the differential equation
dy
x2 = y 2 + 3 xy + 2 x 2
dx
given that y = −1 when x = 1 . Give your answer in the form y = f ( x) .
2211-7208
 1 + e− x  dy e − y
(a) Given that y = ln   , show that = −1 . [5 marks]
 2  dx 2
(b) Hence, by repeated differentiation of the above differential equation, find the
Maclaurin series for y as far as the term in x3, showing that two of the terms
are zero. [11 marks]
The real and imaginary parts of a complex number x + iy are related by the differential
dy
equation ( x + y ) + ( x − y ) = 0 .
dx
By solving the differential equation, given that y = 3 when x = 1 , show that the
relationship between the modulus r and the argument θ of the complex number
π
−θ
is r = 2e 3
.
8811-7208
3n + 2
The sequence {un } is defined by un = , for n ∈ + .
2n − 1
(a) Show that the sequence converges to a limit L , the value of which should
be stated. [3 marks]
(b) Find the least value of the integer N such that | un − L | < ε , for all n > N where
(i) ε = 0.1;
(ii) ε = 0.00001. [4 marks]
u   1 
 and {(−1) un } , determine whether
n
(c) For each of the sequences  n  , 
 n   2un − 2 
or not it converges. [6 marks]
∞
(d) Prove that the series ∑ (u
n =1
n − L) diverges. [2 marks]
∞ dx
(a) Find the set of values of k for which the improper integral ∫ 2 x (ln x) k
converges. [6 marks]
∞
(−1) r
(b) Show that the series ∑ r ln r
r =2
is convergent but not absolutely convergent. [5 marks]
2212-7208
∞
1
(a) Use the limit comparison test to prove that ∑ n (n + 1)
n =1
converges. [5 marks]
1 ∞
1
(b) Express
n (n + 1)
in partial fractions and hence find the value of ∑ n (n + 1) .
n =1
[4 marks]
(c) Using the Maclaurin series for ln (1+ x) , show that the Maclaurin series for
∞
(−1) n+1 x n+1
(1 + x) ln (1 + x) is x + ∑ . [3 marks]
n =1 n ( n + 1)
(d) Hence find lim(1 + x) ln (1 + x) . [2 marks]

x→−1
(e) Write down lim x ln ( x) . [1 mark]

x→0
(f) Hence find lim x x . [3 marks]

x→0
8812-7208
1 [3 marks]
(a) Express in partial fractions.
r (r + 2)
n
1
(b) Let S n = ∑ .
r =1 r ( r + 2)
an 2 + bn
(i) Show that S n = , where a and b are positive integers whose
4(n + 1) (n + 2)
values should be determined.
(ii) Write down the value of lim S n . [8 marks]

n→∞
(a)
y
0 a–1 a a+1 x
Figure 1
1
Figure 1 shows part of the graph of y = together with line segments parallel
x
to the coordinate axes.
(i) By considering the areas of appropriate rectangles, show that
2a + 1  a + 1  2a − 1
< ln  < .
a (a + 1)  a − 1  a (a − 1)
(ii) Hence find lower and upper bounds for ln (1.2) . [9 marks]
2213-7208 Turn over

(Question 5 continued)
(b)
y
0 a–1 a x
Figure 2
An improved upper bound can be found by considering Figure 2 which again

1
shows part of the graph of y = .
x
(i) By considering the areas of appropriate regions, show that
 a  2a − 1
ln  < .
 a − 1  2a (a − 1)
(ii) Hence find an upper bound for ln (1.2) . [5 marks]
2213-7208
–– N08/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/SE
(a) Show that the solution of the homogeneous differential equation
dy y
= + 1, x > 0 ,
dx x
given that y = 0 when x = e , is y = x (ln x − 1) . [5 marks]
(b) (i) Determine the first three derivatives of the function f ( x) = x (ln x −1).
(ii) Hence find the first three non-zero terms of the Taylor series for f ( x)
about x = 1 . [7 marks]
1 ∞
(a) (i) Show that
x ( x + p) ∫
dx , p ≠ 0 is convergent if p > −1 and find its
1
value in terms of p.

(ii) Hence show that the following series is convergent.
1 1 1
+ + + [8 marks]
1× 0.5 2 ×1.5 3 × 2.5

(b) Determine, for each of the following series, whether it is convergent or divergent.
∞
 1 
(i) ∑ sin  n (n + 3) 
n =1  
(ii) 1 1 1 1 [11 marks]

+ + + +
2 6 12 20
8808-7204

y
3 4 5 6 x
1
The diagram shows part of the graph of y = 3 together with line segments parallel to
the coordinate axes. x
(a) Using the diagram, show that
1 1 1 ∞ 1 1 1 1
+ + + ... <
43 53 63 ∫ 3 x 3
dx < 3 + 3 + 3 + ... .
3 4 5
[3 marks]
∞
1
(b) Hence find upper and lower bounds for ∑n
n=1
3
. [12 marks]
The function f is defined by
 1 
f ( x) = ln  .
 1− x 
(a) Write down the value of the constant term in the Maclaurin series for f ( x) . [1 mark]
(b) Find the first three derivatives of f ( x) and hence show that the Maclaurin series
x 2 x3
for f ( x) up to and including the x term is x + + .
3
[6 marks]
2 3
(c) Use this series to find an approximate value for ln 2 . [3 marks]
(d) Use the Lagrange form of the remainder to find an upper bound for the error in
this approximation. [5 marks]
(e) How good is this upper bound as an estimate for the actual error? [2 marks]
2208-7210
 ln x 
(a) Find the value of lim  . [3 marks]
x →1 sin 2π x
 
 1 − ex 
2
x2
(b) By using the series expansions for e and cos x evaluate lim  . [7 marks]
x → 0  1 − cos x 
 
∞ dx
Find the exact value of ∫ 0 ( x + 2) (2 x + 1)
.
A curve that passes through the point (1, 2) is defined by the differential equation
dy
= 2 x (1 + x 2 − y ) .
dx
(a) (i) Use Euler’s method to get an approximate value of y when x = 1.3 , taking
steps of 0.1. Show intermediate steps to four decimal places in a table.
(ii) How can a more accurate answer be obtained using Euler’s method? [5 marks]
(b) Solve the differential equation giving your answer in the form y = f ( x) . [9 marks]
(a) Given that y = ln cos x , show that the first two non-zero terms of the Maclaurin
x2 x4 [8 marks]
series for y are − − .
2 12
(b) Use this series to find an approximation in terms of π for ln 2 . [6 marks]
2208-7216
–4– M11/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/SP
(a) The random variable X has the negative binomial distribution NB(3 , p ) .
Let f ( x) denote the probability that X takes the value x .
(i) Write down an expression for f ( x) , and show that

 p 
ln f ( x) = 3 ln   + ln ( x − 1) + ln ( x − 2) + x ln (1 − p ) − ln 2 .
 1− p 
(ii) State the domain of f .
(iii) The domain of f is extended to ] 2 , ∞ [ . Show that

f ′( x) 1 1
= + + ln (1 − p ) . [7 marks]
f ( x) x − 1 x − 2
(b) Jo has a biased coin which has a probability of 0.35 of showing heads
when tossed. She tosses this coin successively and the 3rd head occurs on the
Y th toss. Use the result in part (a)(iii) to find the most likely value of Y . [5 marks]
2211-7210
–– M09/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/SP
The January rainfall, in cm, in the town Alphaville is recorded every year. This rainfall
may be assumed to be a continuous random variable X , with a probability density
function given by
f ( x) = λ e − λ x , 0 ≤ x < ∞ .
(a) Show that P ( X ≥ x) is e − λ x . [3 marks]
(b) (i) In a thirty year period a total of 270 cm of rain fell during January.
Estimate a value for λ .
(ii) Using this value of λ estimate the probability that at least 40 cm of rain
a
−
falls in Alphaville next January. Give your answer in the form e b
where
a and b are integers.
(iii) If the probability that less than d cm of rain will fall next January is 0.35,
20
show that d = 9 ln . [7 marks]
13

(c) The January rainfall over the thirty year period is summarised in the table below.
Rainfall (cm) Number of Januaries

x≤6 18
6 < x ≤ 13 9
13 < x ≤ 35 2
x > 35 1
Paul assumes that the data follows an exponential distribution with λ = 0.1 .
Test this assumption at the 5 % level of significance. [12 marks]
2209-7210 Turn over

SECTION C

(a) Use l’Hôpital’s Rule to find
ln x 2
(i) lim ;
x →1 x − 1
tan 2 x
(ii) lim . [8 marks]
x →0 1 − cos x
(b) Giving a reason, state whether the following argument is correct or incorrect.
x −3 1 1
“Using l’Hôpital’s Rule, lim 2
= lim = .” [2 marks]
x →3 x − 3 x →3 2 x 6
Given that the Maclaurin series for esin x is a + bx + cx 2 + dx 3 + ... , find the values of a,
b, c and d . [8 marks]
∞
1
Consider the infinite series ∑ n ( n + 2) .
n =1
(a) Show that the series is convergent. [3 marks]
1
(b) (i) Express in partial fractions.
n ( n + 2)
∞
1
(ii) Hence find ∑ n ( n + 2) .
n =1
[9 marks]
2207-7206 Turn over

− 10 − SPEC/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
9. The functions f and g are defined by f : x ! e x , g : x ! x + 2 .
(a) Calculate f −1 (3) × g −1 (3) .
(b) Show that ( f " g )−1 (3) = ln 3 − 2 .
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22xx-72xx
−2− SPEC/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
Please start each question on a new page. Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct
answer with no working. Answers must be supported by working and/or explanations. In
particular, solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable
working, e.g. if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer.
Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct method, provided this is
shown by written working. All students should therefore be advised to show their working.
ln x
The function f is defined on the domain x ≥ 1 by f ( x ) = .
x
(a) (i) Show, by considering the first and second derivatives of f, that
there is one maximum point on the graph of f.
(ii) State the exact coordinates of this point. [9 marks]
(iii) The graph of f has a point of inflexion at P. Find the x-coordinate of P. [3 marks]
Let R be the region enclosed by the graph of f, the x-axis and the line
x = 5.
(c) Find the exact value of the area of R. [6 marks]
(d) The region R is rotated through an angle 2π about the x-axis. Find the
volume of the solid of revolution generated. [3 marks]
A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. The side [AC] is 104 m, the side [AB]
is 65 m and the angle between these two sides is 60! .
(a) Calculate the length of the third side of the field. [3 marks]
(b) Find the area of the field in the form p 3 , where p is an integer. [3 marks]
Let D be a point on [BC] such that [AD] bisects the 60! angle. The farmer divides
the field into two parts by constructing a straight fence [AD] of length x metres.
65x
(c) (i) Show that the area of the smaller part is given by and find an
4
expression for the area of the larger part.
(ii) Hence, find the value of x in the form q 3 , where q is an integer. [8 marks]
BD 5
(d) Prove that = . [6 marks]
DC 8
22xx-72xx
-7- SPEC/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX
SECTION C
⎛1 1 ⎞
Calculate lim ⎜ − ⎟. [6 marks]
x →0 x sin x ⎠
⎝
∞
1
Use the integral test to show that the series ∑ p
is convergent for p > 1. [6 marks]
n=1 n
(a) (i) Find the first four derivatives with respect to x of y = ln(1 + sin x )
(ii) Hence, show that the Maclaurin series, up to the term in x 4 , for y is
1 2 1 3 1 4
y = x− x + x − x + ... [10 marks]
2 6 12
(b) Deduce the Maclaurin series, up to and including the term in x 4 , for
(i) y = ln(1 − sin x ) ;
(ii) y = ln cos x ;
(iii) y = tan x . [10 marks]
⎛ tan( x 2 ) ⎞
(c) Hence calculate lim ⎜ ⎟ . [4 marks]
x →0 ln cos x
⎝ ⎠
22xx-72xx Turn over

– 15 – SPEC/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
The function f is defined on the domain [0, 2] by f ( x) = ln ( x + 1) sin (πx) .
(a) Obtain an expression for f ′( x) . [3 marks]
(b) Sketch the graphs of f and f ′ on the same axes, showing clearly all x-intercepts. [4 marks]
(c) Find the x-coordinates of the two points of inflexion on the graph of f . [2 marks]
(d) Find the equation of the normal to the graph of f where x = 0.75 , giving your
answer in the form y = mx + c . [3 marks]
(e) Consider the points A ( a , f (a ) ) , B ( b , f (b) ) and C ( c , f (c) ) where a , b and c
(a < b < c) are the solutions of the equation f ( x) = f ′( x) . Find the area of the
triangle ABC. [6 marks]
–2– SPEC/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/SE
 π π
The function f is defined on the domain  − ,  by f ( x) = ln (1 + sin x) .
 2 2
1
(a) Show that f ′′( x) = − . [4 marks]
(1 + sin x)
(b) (i) Find the Maclaurin series for f ( x) up to and including the term in x 4 .
(ii) Explain briefly why your result shows that f is neither an even function
nor an odd function. [7 marks]
ln (1 + sin x) − x
(c) Determine the value of lim . [3 marks]
x →0 x2
Consider the differential equation
dy
x = y + x 2 − y 2 , x > 0, x 2 > y 2 .
dx
(a) Show that this is a homogeneous differential equation. [1 mark]
(b) Find the general solution, giving your answer in the form y = f ( x) . [7 marks]
– 10 – SPEC/5/MATHL/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
Section B
The function f is defined as f (x) = e3x+1 , x ∈  .
(a) Find f -1(x) . [3]
The function g is defined as g(x) = ln x , x ∈ + .

The graph of y = g (x) intersects the x-axis at the point Q.
(b) Show that the equation of the tangent T to the graph of y = g(x) at the point Q
is y = x - 1 . [3]
A region R is bounded by the graphs of y = g(x) , the tangent T and the line x = e .
(c) Find the area of the region R . [5]
(d) (i) Show that g(x) ≤ x - 1 , x ∈ + .
1 x −1
(ii) By replacing x with in part (d)(i), show that ≤ g ( x) , x ∈ + . [6]
x x
12EP10

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12. [Maximum mark: 15]

Consider the case where k = 3 .

The normal to the curve xe − y + e y = 1 + x , at the point (c , ln c) , has a y-intercept c 2 + 1 .

Determine the value of c .

2210-7205 Turn over

13. [Maximum mark: 16]

(a) Show that

(c) (i) Expand and simplify F ( z ) = ( z − 1) ( z − ω ) ( z − ω 2 ) where z is a complex

(ii) Solve F ( z ) = 7 , giving your answers in terms of ω . [7 marks]

14. [Maximum mark: 15]

(b) (i) Prove that 1 ≤ sec x ≤ 1 + tan x .

Do not write solutions on this page.

10. [Maximum mark: 19]

(ii) Show that, if f '(x) = 0 , then x = 2 − 3 .[5]

(b) For the graph of y = f (x) ,

(i) find the coordinates of the y-intercept;

(ii) show that there are no x-intercepts;

Solve the equation log2(x + 3) + log2(x - 3) = 4 .

Solve (ln x)2 - (ln 2)(ln x) < 2(ln 2)2 .

Do not write solutions on this page.

9. [Maximum mark: 15]

(a) Show that (sin x + cos x)2 = 1 + sin 2x . [2]

10. [Maximum mark: 15]

(a) Find the remainder when p (x) is divided by

(ii) (x - 3) . [3]

(d) Find the value of λ . [6]

Find the solution of log2 x - log2 5 = 2 + log2 3 .

Do not write solutions on this page.

11. [Maximum mark: 17]

(a) (i) Express x2 + 3x + 2 in the form (x + h)2 + k .

(ii) Factorize x2 + 3x + 2 . [2]

(e) Sketch the graph of y = f (| x |) . [2]

A particular geometric sequence has u1 = 3 and a sum to infinity of 4.

(b) Find the value of d . [3]

Do not write solutions on this page.

10. [Maximum mark: 14]

The function h is defined by h( x) = x , for x ≥ 0 .

(c) State the domain and range of h  g . [4]

11. [Maximum mark: 12]

It is given that log2 y + log4 x + log4 2x = 0 .

(c) Find the value of α . [5]

Solve the simultaneous equations

Do not write solutions on this page.

10. [Maximum mark: 16]

The random variable X has probability density function f given by

(a) State the mode of X . [1]

(b) (i) Find ∫ arcsin x dx .

11. [Maximum mark: 17]

(a) Describe the transformation by which f (x) is transformed to g(x) . [1]

(b) State the range of g . [1]

The graphs of f and g intersect at the point P .

(d) Find the coordinates of P . [2]

The tangent to y = f (x) at P passes through the origin (0 , 0) .

(e) Determine the value of k . [7]

(b) a multiple of both 4 and 6.

11. The complex number z satisfies the equation

Express z in the form x + iy where x , y ∈ Z .

12. Find the exact value of x satisfying the equation

223-236 Turn over

883-236 Turn over

11. Calculate the area enclosed by the curves y = ln x and y = e x − e, x > 0 .

883-236 Turn over

(ii) Show that, if f '(x) = 0 , then x = 2 − 3 .[5]

(a) Show that (sin x + cos x)2 = 1 + sin 2x . [2]

(ii) (x - 3) . [3]

(d) Find the value of λ . [6]

(a) State the mode of X . [1]

(a) Describe the transformation by which f (x) is transformed to g(x) . [1]

(b) State the range of g . [1]

(d) Find the coordinates of P . [2]

(e) Determine the value of k . [7]

8. The function f is defined as f ( x) = sin x ln x for x ∈[0.5 , .5] .

19. The solution of 22 x + = 2 x +1 + can be expressed in the form a + log 2 b where a , b ∈  .