Unit 2.

Radio

Task 1. What’s happening in the news right now, both in your country and
abroad? Present a 2-minute news report.

In October 2021, months of intelligence gathering and observations of Russian

troop movements, force build-up, and military contingency financing
culminated in a White House briefing with U.S. intelligence, military, and
diplomatic leaders on a near-certain mass-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The only remaining questions were when the attack would take place and
whether the United States would be able to convince allies to act preemptively.
Both were answered on February 24, 2022, when Russian forces invaded a
largely unprepared Ukraine after Russian President Vladimir Putin authorized a
“special military operation” against the country. In his statement, Putin claimed
that the goal of the operation was to demilitarize and denazify Ukraine and end
the alleged genocide of Russians in Ukrainian territory.

In the days and weeks leading up to the invasion, the Joe Biden administration
made the unconventional decision to reduce information-sharing constraints and
allow for the broader dissemination of intelligence and findings, both with allies
—including Ukraine—and publicly. The goal of this strategy was to bolster
allied defenses and dissuade Russia from taking aggressive action. Commercial
satellite imagery, social media posts, and published intelligence from November
and December 2021 showed armor, missiles, and other heavy weaponry moving
toward Ukraine with no official explanation from the Kremlin. By the end of
2021, more than one hundred thousand Russian troops were in place near the
Russia-Ukraine border, with U.S. intelligence officials warning of a Russian
invasion in early 2022. In mid-December 2021, Russia’s foreign ministry called
on the United States and NATO to cease military activity in Eastern Europe and
Central Asia, commit to no further NATO expansion toward Russia, and
prevent Ukraine from joining NATO in the future. The United States and other
NATO allies rejected these demands and threatened to impose severe economic
sanctions if Russia took aggressive action against Ukraine.

In early February 2022, satellite imagery showed the largest deployment of

Russian troops to its border with Belarus since the end of the Cold War.
Negotiations between the United States, Russia, and European powers—
including France and Germany—failed to bring about a resolution. In late
February 2022, the United States warned that Russia intended to invade
Ukraine, citing Russia’s growing military presence at the Russia-Ukraine
border. President Putin then ordered troops to Luhansk and Donetsk, claiming
the troops served a “peacekeeping” function. The United States responded by
imposing sanctions on the regions and the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline a few
days later. Nevertheless, just prior to the invasion, U.S. and Ukrainian leaders
remained at odds regarding the nature and likelihood of an armed Russian
threat, with Ukrainian officials playing down the possibility of an incursion and
delaying the mobilization of their troops and reserve forces.

On February 24, 2022, during a last-ditch UN Security Council effort to

dissuade Russia from attacking Ukraine, Putin announced the beginning of a
full-scale land, sea, and air invasion of Ukraine targeting Ukrainian military
assets and cities across the country. U.S. President Joe Biden declared the attack
“unprovoked and unjustified” and issued severe sanctions against top Kremlin
officials, including Putin and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov; four of
Russia’s largest banks; and the Russian oil and gas industry in coordination with
European allies. On March 2, 141 of 193 UN member states voted to condemn
Russia’s invasion in an emergency UN General Assembly session, demanding
that Russia immediately withdraw from Ukraine.

Task 2. Discuss the following questions in two groups: Are people better
informed in the information society?

The information society has undoubtedly transformed the way we access and
consume information. With the advent of the internet and social media, people
now have access to an unprecedented amount of information, including news,
opinions, and analysis from all around the world.

However, whether people are better informed in the information society is a

subject of debate. On the one hand, the abundance of information available
means that people have more sources to turn to and can access different
viewpoints on an issue. They can also fact-check claims and seek out
information on a topic to gain a better understanding.
On the other hand, the sheer volume of information can also make it more
challenging to filter out misinformation and fake news, and some people may
only seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs. Additionally, the
speed at which information spreads in the information society can lead to the
spread of rumors and unverified claims, which can further muddy the waters.

Overall, the information society has brought many benefits, including greater
access to information and the democratization of knowledge. However, it is up
to individuals to seek out reliable sources and critically evaluate the information
they consume to make informed decisions.

1. What radio stations are popular in your country? Look at the logos and
make your top list of three stations.

1. Radio FM. Radio FM plays a wide variety of popular music, from

Ukrainian pop to international hits. The station has a strong focus on
current chart-toppers, which appeals to a broad audience of music fans.
2. Nashe Radio . The station was founded in 2002 and has since gained a
significant following in the country. It plays a wide range of rock music,
from classic rock to modern alternative rock.
3. Radio Top Non Stop. It plays music with no interruptions. This makes it
an ideal choice for listeners who want a continuous stream of music
without any breaks for commercials or talk shows.

2. Answer the questions.

1. Who and when invented radio?
In 1895, a young Italian named Gugliemo Marconi invented what he called “the
wireless telegraph”( the radio).
2. When is the Day of Radio?
The Day of Radio is celebrated on 13 February each year.
3. How often do you listen to the radio?
I listen to the radio only when I am in the car.
4. What radio stations do you prefer? What attracts you?
I prefer Radio Top Non Stop. It features a variety of interactive shows and
contests that encourage listener participation. For example, the station hosts a
daily quiz show where listeners can win prizes by answering trivia questions.
5. Would you like to work at radio?
I think I`d like to work at radio. It can be an exciting and rewarding career
choice, especially for those who are passionate about music, journalism,
entertainment, and communication. Radio offers a unique platform to express
creativity through music, storytelling, and broadcasting. You can explore
different genres of music and create programs that appeal to different audiences,
while also experimenting with new and innovative formats.

3. Answer the questions before reading the text. Then check if you were
right.
1) Is radio still significant in the modern world? Why?
In countries where free expression is suppressed, access to technology is
expensive or illiteracy rates are high, radio continues to play an important role
in information sharing. When access to the Internet is blocked and phone lines
are cut, people can still search the airwaves for trustworthy sources. Even
electricity is not a necessity for battery operated and hand-cranked radios.
2) Is the number of radio stations increasing?
The number of radio stations is increasing internationally, because of the
developments in radio technology.
3) BBC is the largest radio corporation. Why is it losing its audience these
days?
The BBC have steadily been losing listeners as competition increases.
4) Is radio broadcasting getting cheaper or more expensive?
Radio broadcasting is getting cheaper.

4. Study carefully the collocations with «broadcast». Match collocations

with their definitions.

a) a short television advertisement made by a political party - Satellite broadcast

, News broadcast
b) shown or heard as it is happening - Live broadcast , Radio/ TV
broadcast ,Make/ do broadcast , Internet broadcast
c) shown before an election to persuade people to vote for a party - Party
political broadcast,Election broadcast
5. Make 4 sentences using vocabulary from Exercise 3 and text Reading 1.
Read them to your partner who should translate them into Russian.
Live broadcasts can provide real-time information.
Radio broadcasts are available even when access to the Internet is blocked and
phone lines are cut.
Election broadcasts are used in persuading people to vote for a party.
Internet broadcasts are really popular all over the world, because it is available
for viewers from both personal computers and other mobile devices.

6. Translate the sentences into English using vocabulary from Reading 1.

1. Our teacher is more than sure that a huge amount of information cannot
be considered reliable.
2. Free expression of thoughts in some developing countries is suppressed
by the authorities.
3. Some radio stations are losing listeners due to the increasing illiteracy of
the presenters, especially in conditions of growing competition.
4. I prefer to watch live reports, as there is a chance to see what is really
happening.
5. You should have listened to the latest local news on the radio. I'm
shocked by our mayor's policy!
6. The crank radio can now only be found in an antique shop.
7. Nowadays, the choice of radio stations is so great that I don't have time to
tune in to new stations.
8. Major radio stations broadcast around the clock, but that does not mean
they provide the latest and most reliable information.

7. Work in mini groups and discuss the following questions.

1) By the late 1930s, the popularity of radio news broadcasts in the USA had
surpassed that of newspapers. The period was called The Golden Age of Radio.
Discuss in groups what was particular about that period in the USA.
- The economic struggles of the Great Depression led people to look for
affordable entertainment at home. Radio provided a free form of
entertainment that people could enjoy in the comfort of their own homes.
- The onset of World War II led to an increase in the production of news
programs and propaganda on the radio. The government used radio as a
tool to communicate with the public and rally support for the war effort.
2) Do you think that radio could experience another Golden Age? Explain your
answer.
The Golden Age of Radio in the USA was a unique period in which radio
played a significant role in shaping the country's culture and identity. It was a
time when people relied heavily on radio for news and entertainment, and the
medium helped to bring the country together during difficult times. That is why
I think that radio could experience another Golden age. Especially, if we are
going to take into account the situation in Ukraine.

8. Make a mind map of text. Compare your mind map with your partner’s.
The UK Radio Industry
● 90% of UK residents listen to radio each week
● Split: 50% BBC, 50% commercial groups licensed by Ofcom
● FM most popular, DAB growing, AM still used
● 200 community stations licensed by Ofcom
● BBC is funded by TV license fee and has 10 national domestic radio
stations
● Independent production sector represented by RIG
● Commercial stations funded by advertising revenue, licensed by Ofcom
● 3 national commercial stations, most serve local or regional areas
● Community radio stations are not-for-profit and owned by local people,
recognized as a distinct third tier of radio in the UK
● Community radio movement was founded in the mid-1970s broadcasting
through Restricted Service Licences, the internet and cable.

9. Retell the text using your partner’s mind map.

The text is about the radio industry in the UK. The British radio market is
divided roughly 50/50 between stations owned and operated by the BBC and
stations owned by commercial groups and licensed by Ofcom. Most listening is
via FM, but digital transmissions via DAB are growing in popularity. In
addition, there are about 200 community stations, also licensed by Ofcom, and
many student and hospital services.

The BBC runs ten national domestic radio stations, five of which are only
available in a digital format. The BBC is primarily funded by the TV license
fee, which is payable by everyone in the UK who watches television
programming live. Commercial radio has been broadcasting in the UK since
1973, funded through advertising revenue, and their broadcasting licenses are
awarded by Ofcom.

Community radio stations broadcast to a small area, normally within a 3 mile (5

km) radius, and are required to be not-for-profit organizations, owned by local
people, on which the broadcasters are mostly volunteers. They are recognized
under the Communications Act 2003 as a distinct third tier of radio in the
United Kingdom.

10. Discuss what you know about the radio industry in your country.
Radio in Ukraine operates under the National Council on Television and Radio
Broadcasting of Ukraine, which is responsible for licensing, monitoring, and
regulating broadcasting activities. The radio market in Ukraine is mainly
divided into two sectors: state-owned and commercial. The state-owned radio
stations are operated by the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine
and include four national radio channels and several regional stations. The
commercial sector consists of a variety of independent stations, including
music, news, and talk radio formats.

The most popular radio stations in Ukraine are typically based in major cities
such as Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Lviv. FM radio is the most popular mode of
listening, with some digital broadcasting available in larger cities. Additionally,
there are a number of online and satellite radio stations available to listeners.

11. Match the logos of the British radio stations with the definitions below.
1e
2j
3i
4b
5f
6h
7a
8c

12. In the previous exercise you have looked at various British radio
stations. Find information on the main BBC radio stations (BBC 1, BBC 2,
etc). Listen to their broadcasting, then present information in class. It
would be nice if you could play some programmes or music to provide
examples.

BBC Radio 1: A UK-wide radio station that plays popular music, including
contemporary chart hits, indie, rock, hip-hop, dance, and electronic music. It
also features live sessions, interviews, and news and entertainment content
aimed at a young audience.
BBC Radio 2: A UK-wide radio station that primarily plays popular music from
the 1960s to the present day, with a focus on classic hits, pop, rock, and soul. It
also features live sessions, documentaries, and interviews with musicians and
celebrities, as well as news, weather, and traffic updates.
BBC Radio 3: A UK-wide radio station that focuses on classical music,
including orchestral, choral, opera, and contemporary classical music. It also
features jazz, world music, drama, and cultural programming, as well as live
concerts and events.
BBC Radio 4: A UK-wide radio station that features news, current affairs,
drama, comedy, and factual programming. It broadcasts a mix of live and pre-
recorded content, including news bulletins, interviews, documentaries, and
panel shows.
BBC Radio 5 Live: A UK-wide radio station that focuses on news, sport, and
current affairs. It provides live coverage of major sporting events, as well as
news bulletins, interviews, phone-ins, and debates on current topics.
BBC Radio 6 Music: A digital radio station that features a mix of alternative
music, including indie, rock, electronic, and hip-hop. It also features live
sessions, documentaries, and interviews with musicians and cultural figures.
There are also other BBC radio stations that cater to specific audiences or
genres, such as BBC Asian Network, BBC Radio 1Xtra, BBC World Service,
and more.

13. Study carefully the following vocabulary. Prepare a 2-minute report on

the art event news. Be sure to use at least 6—10 expressions. Record your
report and present the recording in class.

Culture: Arts
a craft, by hand, folk artists, fine arts, tapestry, pottery, embroidery, a
landscape, an oil painting, a watercolor, a sketch, plastic arts, functional
arts, do/produce piece of art, performance art, juggling, street artists, art
galleries, exhibits, exhibitions, curators, artefacts,
figurative/representational, abstract art, contemporary art, a masterpiece,
nation’s heritage, priceless, culture vultures, philistines, elitist,
highbrow/lowbrow tastes, to ap-peal to, atmospheriс perspective,
background, color scheme, composition, cool colors, easel, Renaissance,
Baroque, Pre-Raphaelites, Cubism.
Last week, an exhibition of folk artists' works was held in our city. It was
a unique opportunity to see the beautiful tapestry, pottery, and embroidery made
entirely by hand. The exhibition showcased both functional and fine arts, and it
was fascinating to see the skillful craftsmanship of the artists.
The landscape oil paintings and watercolors on display were stunning,
with an excellent use of the atmospheric perspective and color scheme. There
were also sketches of the same scenes, which provided a contrast to the final
paintings. The figurative and representational art was breathtaking, and the
abstract contemporary art pieces were thought-provoking.
The exhibition was a perfect balance between highbrow and lowbrow
tastes, appealing to both culture vultures and the general public. It was
impressive to see the pieces showcased in the art gallery, curated by expert
curators, who were able to bring out the best in the artefacts.
The works on display were nothing short of masterpieces, and some of
them are considered to be a part of our nation's heritage. They are priceless, and
we must continue to celebrate and support the arts.
The event was not just limited to visual arts; there was also performance
art, including juggling, and street artists who brought the exhibition to life. The
atmosphere was electric, and it was a unique experience to be a part of it.
In conclusion, I believe that this exhibition was a testament to the
importance of art in our lives, and it was a reminder that we must never forget
the value of art.

Unit 3. Television
Speaking 1
1. Answer the questionnaire. Find out your score and compare it with your
partner’s one.
1. How many TVs do you have in your home?
B. One
 2. How many hours a day do you watch television, on average?
a. More than two hours
3. Do you receive your television channels mainly through…
b. Satellite?
4. If you have some free time and you’ve finished your homework, do
you…
a. always switch on the TV?
5. How do you decide what to watch?
b. I watch my favourite programmes.
6. If people come to visit, and you’re watching television, do you…
a. switch it off?
7. While you eat supper, is the TV usually…
a. on?
3. Work in pairs. Look through the list of TV programmes below. Create
an ideal TV guide for one day. Keep in mind your target audience. Provide
the names of the programmes. Give a general overview of your TV guide to
class.
For my ideal TV guide, my target audience is young adults aged 18-35 who
enjoy a mix of entertainment, education, and thought-provoking content. Here's
what I came up with:
6:00 am - 7:00 am: Morning Yoga with Adriene
Start the day off right with a relaxing yoga session led by popular YouTube
instructor Adriene Mishler.
7:00 am - 8:00 am: Good Morning America
Get caught up on the latest news, weather, and entertainment stories of the day
with the morning news program, Good Morning America.
8:00 am - 9:00 am: The Today Show
Stay informed with the latest news and lifestyle stories on NBC's popular
morning talk show, The Today Show.
9:00 am - 10:00 am: TED Talks
Expand your knowledge and get inspired with insightful TED Talks on a variety
of topics, from technology to art to global issues.
10:00 am - 11:00 am: The Great British Baking Show
Indulge in some culinary delights with this charming baking competition show,
featuring a talented group of amateur bakers vying for the title of Britain's best
baker.
11:00 am - 12:00 pm: Planet Earth II
Experience the beauty and wonder of the natural world with stunning visuals
and fascinating stories of wildlife and their habitats in the acclaimed nature
documentary series, Planet Earth II.
12:00 pm - 1:00 pm: Lunchtime News
Stay up-to-date with the latest news stories of the day with a midday news
program.
1:00 pm - 3:00 pm: Movie Marathon - Harry Potter series
Settle in for a magical movie marathon featuring the beloved Harry Potter
franchise, starting with the first film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.
3:00 pm - 4:00 pm: MasterChef Australia
Get your fill of delicious food and intense competition with this popular
cooking show, featuring skilled home cooks competing for the title of
MasterChef Australia.
4:00 pm - 5:00 pm: Shark Tank
See aspiring entrepreneurs pitch their ideas to a panel of savvy investors on this
hit reality show, Shark Tank.
5:00 pm - 6:00 pm: The Ellen DeGeneres Show
Enjoy some laughs and heartwarming moments with beloved talk show host
Ellen DeGeneres as she chats with celebrity guests and surprises her audience
with giveaways and games.
6:00 pm - 7:00 pm: BBC World News
Stay informed on global news and current affairs with BBC World News, a
trusted source for international news.
7:00 pm - 8:00 pm: Jeopardy!
Test your knowledge and see if you can keep up with the contestants on this
iconic game show, hosted by the quick-witted Alex Trebek.
8:00 pm - 9:00 pm: Black Mirror
Get your dose of thought-provoking and eerie entertainment with the critically
acclaimed sci-fi anthology series, Black Mirror.
9:00 pm - 10:00 pm: The Office (US)
Laugh along with the lovable and quirky employees of the Dunder Mifflin
Paper Company in this beloved workplace comedy series.
10:00 pm - 11:00 pm: Late Night with Seth Meyers
Wrap up the day with some late-night laughs and insightful interviews on the
popular talk show, Late Night with Seth Meyers.
11:00 pm - 12:00 am: The Late Late Show with James Corden
Stay up a little later and catch the hilarious and entertaining antics of host James
Corden on this popular late-night talk show.
Reading 2
4. Scan the first paragraph of the essay and define the main idea. Do you
agree or disagree with it?
I think that the main idea of the first paragraph is that television has a huge
impact on the world and the minds of viewers. I agree with it, because television
shows can provide educational and entertainment value, but more importantly,
they can offer guidance to viewers. That is why I believe that television has the
power to influence and shape perspectives, opinions, and attitudes.
5. Now read the whole text and consider the questions.
1) What arguments does the author provide to support his point of view? Do
you find them persuasive?
The author argues that television can be educational, entertaining, and can offer
a guiding voice to those who watch and listen. They provide examples of shows
like "Survivor Man" and "Myth Busters" on the Discovery Channel that offer
educational value and "Late Night with Conan O’Brien" for entertainment. They
also argue that television has the ability to change a person's thinking strategy,
citing "The Oprah Winfrey Show" as an example of a show that inspires hope
and helps viewers see life differently. Overall, the author believes that television
is a great technological achievement that can bring a whole other world into our
living rooms. For me, this point of view is really persuasive.
2) Has this essay weakened or strengthened your attitude towards TV?
The essay has strengthened my attitude towards TV as it highlights the
educational and inspirational value of television shows. While I was aware of
some of these shows, the author provided new perspectives and examples that
made me see television in a more positive light.
6. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the expressions.
A gateway into worlds - ворота у світи
to be transformed into something beyond exceptional - бути перетвореним на
щось більше, ніж просто виняткове
to possess educational value - мати освітню цінність
a guiding voice - дороговказ
to comprise - складати
only a small percentage – невеликий відсоток
to be proven to be – перевірений на практиці
to deal with humor – мати справу з гумором
nothing beats a great laugh – ніщо не краще за гарний жарт
to move into skits – закочувати сцени
to be commendable – похвальний
a foul language is banned – нецензурна лексика заборонена
to swear to get the joke out – лаятися аби витягнути жарт
television debut – телевізійний дебют
to be overused - зловживати
to be overlooked – бути непоміченим
a thinking strategy –стратегія мислення
to inspire hope into the viewer – вселяти надію в глядача
to visualize a positive concept – візуалізувати позитивний концепт
to point out the faults – вказувати на недоліки
to condemn sb for sth – засуджувати когось за щось
to provide ways to help to fix sth – запропонувати способи допомоги комусь
to lend credibility – надавати довіру
the glass half empty to the glass half full - склянка наполовину порожня до
склянки наполовину повна
to shape the way to see life - формувати погляд на життя
to teach sb morals and lessons – навчати моралі
potential to inspire – потенціал надихати
to be worth watching – вартий уваги
to bring into the living room a whole other world - принести у вітальню цілий
інший світ
7. Make 10 sentences in Ukrainian using phrases from Exercise 6 + keys
in English. Ask your partner to interpret them.
Мій телевізійний дебют відбувся минулого тижня.
(My television debut happened last week.)
Деякі реклами зловживають образами жінок.
(Some commercials overuse images of women.)
Не дозволяйте своїм здібностям бути непоміченими.
(Do not let your talents be overlooked.)
Якщо ви відчуваєте себе безсилим, спробуйте використовувати
стратегію мислення "склянка наполовину повна".
(If you feel helpless, try using the thinking strategy of "glass half full".)
Цей фільм може вселити надію в глядача.
(This movie has the potential to inspire hope into the viewer.)
Візуалізуйте позитивний концепт, щоб створити нові можливості.
(Visualize a positive concept to create new opportunities.)
Журналісти повинні вказувати на недоліки уряду.
(Journalists should point out faults in the government.)
Мене засуджують за те, що я пропустив цей важливий день.
 (I am condemned for missing this important day.)
Можливо, є способи допомоги тим, хто потребує допомоги.
(There may be ways to help to fix sth for those who need it.)
Документальний фільм надає довіру своїм глядачам.
(A documentary lends credibility to its viewers.)
Speaking 2
8. Read the sentences, find out the meaning of the words and phrases in
bold. Try to give their definition in English and find Ukrainian
equivalents.
1. Pundits - an expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called
upon to give their opinions to the public. Експерт.
2. Zapping - to get rid of or kill something or
someone, especially intentionally. Винищення/знищення
3. A photo opportunity - an occasion when
a politician or famous person is photographed doing something that will
make them popular with the public. Зручний кадр?
4. Newscaster - someone who reads out the reports on
a television or radio news programme. Диктор
Anchorman - a man who is the main news reader on
a television or radio news programme. Телеведучий
5. Mayhem - a situation in which there is little or no order or control. Хаос
6. TV crew - a group of people who are involved in
the practical and technical business of shooting a film. Знімальна група
7. infotainment content - the reporting of news and facts in
an entertaining and humorous way rather than providing real information.
Розважальний контент
8. TV talking head - a person who gives information or opinions on a
television show and whose head and shoulders are shown on the
television screen. Телевізійна балакуча голова.
9. at peak time - a time of day when a lot of people are using the
same service, such as the internet, phone, etc. Година пік
soundbite - a short sentence or phrase that is easy to remember,
often included in a speech made by a politician and repeated in newspapers and
on television and radio. Гасло.
10.Broadcasters - someone whose job is
to speak on radio or television programmes. Телеведучий
vox pops - popular opinion as represented by informal comments from members
of the public, especially when broadcast or published. Коментарі
громадськості
11.do live broadcasts - Live Broadcasting means that what you are seeing on
your TV is happening at the same time. Пряма трансляція
12.documentary- a film or television or radio programme that
gives facts and information about a subject. Документальна програма
a docudrama - a television programme whose story is based on
an event or situation that really happened, although it is not intended to
be accurate in every detail. Документальна драма
staged footage - refers to video or film footage that has been intentionally set up
or manipulated in some way to create a specific meaning or message.
Постановчі кадри
13.the God slot -
a period of time on television or radio for religious broadcasts. Релігіозні
програми
14.commercials - related to making money by buying and selling things.
Комерційні рекламні ролики
15. ratings war - a situation in which each of two or more channels makes a
particular effort to attract more viewers or listeners than its rival. Війна
рейтингів

10.Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the vocabulary from
Exercise 8.
1) The vox pop is a tool used in many forms of media to provide a snapshot
of public opinion.
2) I never watch TV at peak time: they always show the same celebrities.
3) What is a docudrama? It is a television or movie dramatization of events
based on fact.
4) Could you stop zapping? It is quite irritating.
5) In order to win that ratings war TV broadcasters made a particular effort
to attract more viewers or listeners than their rival.
6) This position of news anchors is really challenging: you have to present
and coordinate a broadcasters television or radio programmes involving
other contributors.
 7) A sound bite is a short clip of speech or music extracted from a longer
piece of audio
11. Give synonyms of the following words.
a telly - a television, a TV set
a newsreader - a newscaster, a reporter
primetime - peak time, rush hour, busy period
a TV host - a presenter, a hostess
a programme - a show, a series, a broadcast
a guru - an expert, a master, a mentor
a TV advertisement - a commercial, an ad
switching between channels - channel hopping, flipping channels, changing
channels
ratings battle - ratings war, audience competition, viewer rivalry
Writing
12.Write an essay on one of the following topics.
Do you agree or disagree that television programs stereotype women?
Television programs have become an integral part of our daily lives. We spend
countless hours watching them, whether for entertainment or information.
Television has a significant impact on our lives, and it can shape our beliefs,
values, and attitudes. However, some television programs have been accused of
stereotyping women, which is a controversial topic. In this essay, I will discuss
whether I agree or disagree that television programs stereotype women.

Firstly, it is crucial to define what stereotyping is. Stereotyping is the act of

assigning certain characteristics or attributes to a group of people based on their
gender, race, religion, or other characteristics. In the context of television
programs, stereotyping refers to portraying women in a particular way, often
based on gender stereotypes.

Television programs have been criticized for portraying women in limited roles,
such as homemakers, love interests, or sexual objects. Women are often
depicted as being emotional, irrational, and weak, which perpetuates gender
stereotypes. Moreover, women are rarely shown in positions of power,
authority, or leadership. This can have a negative impact on women's self-
esteem and limit their aspirations.

However, it is essential to note that not all television programs stereotype

women. Many shows feature strong female characters who challenge gender
roles and stereotypes. For example, the TV series "Scandal" portrays a powerful
and successful female lead, who is also a problem solver and strategist.
Similarly, "Orange is the New Black" features a diverse cast of female inmates
who are complex and multidimensional.

Furthermore, some television programs actively work to combat gender

stereotypes. For example, the "Sesame Street" program aims to promote gender
equality by featuring female characters who engage in traditionally male-
dominated activities, such as sports or construction.

In conclusion, while it is true that some television programs stereotype women,

it is not accurate to generalize all television shows. Some shows actively work
to combat gender stereotypes and promote gender equality. It is essential to
have a diverse range of female characters in television programs that accurately
reflect the realities of women's lives. It is also crucial for media producers to
recognize the impact of their portrayals of women and work towards more
inclusive and empowering representations of women in the media.
Project work
15. Make a vox pop. Speak with many ʻmen/women on the streetʼ asking
them the same question. Analyze the results and present them in class.
What do you think is the biggest challenge facing young people today?
Interviewee 1: I think the biggest challenge is finding a good job. There's a lot
of competition out there, and it's tough to stand out.
Interviewee 2: I would say mental health. There's a lot of pressure to succeed,
and it can be really overwhelming.
Interviewee 3: Climate change. It's a huge issue that's going to affect young
people more than anyone else.
Interviewee 4: Social media. It's really addictive, and I think it's causing a lot of
anxiety and depression among young people.
Unit 5. In the news

Ex 1

1. A, B, D,
2. C,D
3. E
4. B
5. A, D,E
6. C, E

Ex 2

1) Persistent cold weather grips the region

2) Scientists attribute polluted rivers to factory emissions

3) Corruption scandal rocks government

4) Hotel fire claims 15 lives

5) Economists predict imminent rise in interest rates

Ex 3

1. The Prime Minister has promised to reduce the amount of tax people have
to pay.
2. There is a plan to prohibit cars from entering the town center.
3. The leader of the bank is stepping down from his position.
4. The police are searching for a person suspected of deliberately setting a
fire.
5. An economist has warned that a competition between supermarkets over
prices is about to begin.
6. A charity event in which people run a race has raised money to help
people who are homeless.
7. The government is taking action to increase the amount of money that
people receive for their pensions.

Ex 5

1. A 90-year-old man died in a fire.

 2. There has been a police investigation after a person died at a hotel.
3. After a disagreement with the owner, fans are supporting the manager of
the Chelsea football team.
4. A royal couple has asked for more privacy.
5. There has been a recent increase in the number of women getting married
after the age of 30.
6. A bombing has harmed the United Nations' attempt to achieve peace.
7. Some well-known actors have been removed from a television show.
8. A police officer has solved the mystery of a missing painting

Ex 1

2. He says that he enjoys the book.

Past Simple – Present Simple

3. She said she was going to London next day

Present Continuous – Past Continuous

4. hadn’t been

Past Perfect – Past Perfect

5. Would be

Future Simple – Future in the Past

Ex 2

1. the second sentence

2. the fifth sentence

Ex 3

1. They change( I- He, I – She)

2. Tomorrow is changed into the next day
Yesterday is changed into the day before
3. This is changed into that
4. That

Ex 4

1 Mike said that he hadn't finished his homework.

2 Liam said that he would see Nick the next day.

3 Dave said that he had never met Sarah before.

4 Mary told me that I had better put on a nice suit for the interview.

5 Morris said that he was going out to buy paper.

6 Ian said that he would be arriving in Spain at that time the next day.

Ex 5

1. I enquired when she would be appointing his successor . She said she
didn’t know.
2. I asked her why she had sacked the Finance Minister. She said he had
been disloyal.
3. I asked the Prime Minister if I could put a few questions to her. She said I
could.
4. I asked whether she had decided who she was going to appoint. She said
she hadn’t.

Ex 6

1. No, the tense changes in reported questions are different from those in
reported statements. In reported questions, the verb is often changed to
the past tense, and an auxiliary verb is added to form the question.
2. Yes, the word order in reported questions is different from the word order
in direct questions. In reported questions, the subject usually comes
before the verb.
3. When reporting yes/no questions, we can add either "if" or "whether" as a
conjunction.
4. When reporting short answers, we can use "so" or "neither" to repeat the
verb from the question, along with "did" or "didn't". For example, "Did
you see the movie?" "Yes, I did." can be reported as "She asked if I had
seen the movie, and I replied that I had."

Ex7

Ben asked Pat if she had heard about the new shopping centre. Pat replied that
she hadn't and asked what was happening. Ben explained that the council had
decided to build it in Southfield Parks. Pat asked if he was sure and Ben
confirmed that a sign had been put up outside the park the previous week. Pat
expressed her concern that her house was next to Southfield Parks, and Ben
remarked that it would soon be next to a shopping centre. Pat said that she didn't
want to live next to a shopping centre and Ben asked her what she was going to
do about it. Pat replied that she didn't know. Ben suggested that she could start a
campaign and Pat thought it was a great idea. She said she would e-mail the
local newspaper right away.

Ex 1

1. Weekly
2. Government
3. Costly
4. National
5. Entertainment
6. Emergency
7. Accessed
8. Competition

Ex 1

1. 1702
2. Government
3. Cost a lot of money
4. Tabloid
5. Rising
6. Will survive

Ex 3

Some of the most important quality and popular newspapers in Ukraine are:

1. Kyiv Post - an English-language newspaper that covers Ukrainian and

regional news, business, politics, and culture. It is considered a quality paper
due to its thorough reporting and analysis, as well as its focus on English-
speaking readers.

2. Ukrayinska Pravda - a Ukrainian-language newspaper that focuses on

investigative journalism and political analysis. It is considered a quality paper
due to its strong commitment to unbiased reporting and its emphasis on
investigative journalism.
3. Den - a Ukrainian-language newspaper that covers political, economic, and
social news. It is considered a quality paper due to its editorial independence,
balanced reporting, and high journalistic standards.

4. Segodnya - a Ukrainian-language newspaper that covers local and

international news, business, politics, and sports. It is considered a popular
paper due to its broad readership and its focus on sensational news and
entertainment.

5. Korrespondent - a Ukrainian-language newspaper that covers news, politics,

and business. It is considered a popular paper due to its flashy design and focus
on sensational headlines and stories.

The particular features that make these papers quality or popular include their
editorial independence, journalistic standards, coverage of important issues,
balanced reporting, focus on investigative journalism, and sensational news and
entertainment. Quality papers tend to focus on in-depth reporting and analysis,
while popular papers tend to focus on sensational news and entertainment that
appeals to a broad readership.

Ex 7

I have a lot on my plate, from attending classes and studying to

participating in extracurricular activities and maintaining a social life. Despite
my busy schedule, it's important for me to stay informed about current events
and developments around the world.

As a student, I can say that there are a lot of ways to stay in touch with
the development of the news. Some students prefer to watch the news on TV or
listen to the radio while others prefer to read newspapers or online news
websites. Social media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, are also
popular sources of news for many students.

In addition to traditional news sources, many students also rely on mobile

apps or news aggregators to stay informed. These apps provide easy access to
news articles and headlines, making it simple for students to catch up on the
latest events while on the go.

As for me, following the news depends on my schedule and routine. I

prefer to read the news in the morning before classes, as well as catch up on
current events during lunch break or in the evening after finishing coursework.
It's important for me to set aside a specific time of the day to follow the news,
so I can stay informed without getting overwhelmed or distracted.

In summary, I can follow the news in various ways and at different times
of the day. It's important for me to establish a routine and seek out a variety of
sources to ensure a balanced and informed perspective on current events.

Ex 3

1. The word "paparazzi" refers to a group of photographers who

aggressively pursue and take candid pictures of celebrities, often invading their
privacy. It comes from the Italian word "paparazzo", which refers to a male
mosquito that bites the skin.

2. Princess Diana was a member of the British royal family, who married
Prince Charles, the heir to the British throne. She was known for her
humanitarian work and charitable efforts. Princess Diana died in a car crash in
Paris on August 31, 1997, along with her companion Dodi Fayed and their
driver Henri Paul. The accident was believed to have been caused by the
paparazzi chasing their car, which led to the driver losing control and crashing.
The tragic event had a profound impact on the world, with millions of people
mourning her loss and paying tribute to her legacy.

Ex 5

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. False

Ex 6

1. Obsession
2. Solely
3. Relentlessly
4. Ruthless
5. Counterparts
6. Breaching
 7. Colluding
8. Governing

Ex 1
1. Warned
2. Announced
3. Admitted
4. Promised
5. Added

Ex 2
1. Joe explained that he was late because his alarm clock didn’t go off
2. Sally reminded Dave that he has got a doctor’s appointment at 10
3. Henry pointed out that he has already done the washing up
4. Ellen claimed Mark that he is wearing het T-shirt
5. George argue that he wouldn’t have fallen out with Jeff if he hadn’t
broken his computer
6. Melissa complained that she has been waiting here for an hour

Ex 3
1. Told
2. Demanded
3. denied
4. Apologized, confessed
5. Promised, denied
6. Demanded

Ex 4
1. Suggested
2. Warned
3. Agreed
4. Told
5. Refused
6. Added

Ex 6
1. Rise steadily
2. Rise sharply
3. fall steadily
 4. Fall sharply
5. Fluctuate
6. Stay the same

Ex 8
1. According, increased
2. Fewer
3. Majority
4. Went down

Ex 1
I like reading, especially those stories where there are some adventures, crime
solving or saving someone. It always fascinates me when there are some
historical facts that are developed in these stories, for example some events or
places, nations. That way we are able not only to read books of our favorite
genre, but also to learn something that could develop our point of view and
knowledge in some spheres.

Ex 2
1. My favorite book is "Pygmalion."
2. The book "Pygmalion" was written by George Bernard Shaw.
3. "Pygmalion" is a play, a type of literature that is meant to be performed on
stage.
4. What I most liked about "Pygmalion" was the character development of Eliza
Doolittle, who transforms from a poor flower girl with a cockney accent into a
well-spoken lady. The book also highlights the themes of social class and the
power of language.

Ex 3
In a book review, you would typically expect to find the following information:

1. A brief summary of the book's plot or main themes.

2. An evaluation of the book's strengths and weaknesses, including the quality
of the writing, the plot, the characters, and the pacing.
3. The reviewer's personal opinion of the book, including whether they would
recommend it to others.
4. Comparisons to other similar books or authors.
5. Information about the author, including their background and other works
they have written.
6. The target audience for the book, including age range and genre.
7. Any relevant cultural or historical context that would help the reader better
understand the book.
8. Quotes or excerpts from the book that highlight its strengths or weaknesses.
Ex 4
Basic and background information about the book:
- It's one of the most famous books in English literature. It was written in ...
The plot:
- The plot revolves around ...
- In the course of the story ...
- By the end of the story ...
The character:
- The most important character is ...
- Another fascinating character is ...
- I was also very impressed with the characterisation.
What I like most about the book:
- I enjoyed this story because ...
- It really makes you think.
- The best bit was ...
Conclusion and recommendations:
- To sum up, ...
- I would recommend this book.

Ex 5

1C

2A

3E

4D

5B

Ex 6
1 It was written in
2 It's one of the most famous books in English literature
3 The story is set
4 The plot revolves around
5 In the course of the story
6 By the end of the story
7 The most important character is
8 Another fascinating character is
9 I enjoyed this story because
10 It really makes you think
11 I was also very impressed with the characterisation
12 The best bit was
13 To sum up,
14 I would recommend this book
Ex 8
Moving and thought - provoking
Ex 1
1 What qualities does a good journalist have to have?
2 What might be the advantages and drawbacks of such a job?
1. Qualities of a good journalist:
- Curiosity and a thirst for knowledge: A good journalist should be curious and
always seeking to learn more. They should be able to ask insightful questions
and dig deeper to uncover the truth.
- Strong writing and communication skills: A good journalist should be able to
write clearly and concisely, as well as communicate effectively with sources
and colleagues.
- Ethics and integrity: A good journalist should adhere to ethical standards,
including honesty, objectivity, and fairness. They should strive to present the
facts accurately and avoid bias or sensationalism.
- Persistence and perseverance: A good journalist should be willing to pursue a
story even in the face of obstacles or resistance. They should be persistent in
their pursuit of the truth.
- Flexibility and adaptability: A good journalist should be able to adapt to new
situations and be flexible in their approach to reporting. They should be able to
work in a variety of settings and under different conditions.
- Time management and organization: A good journalist should be able to
manage their time effectively and be well-organized, particularly when it comes
to meeting deadlines.
2. Advantages of being a journalist:
- The opportunity to make a difference: Journalists have the ability to bring
important issues to the public's attention and effect change.
- Variety in work: Journalists often have the opportunity to cover a wide range
of topics and work on different types of stories.
- Flexibility in schedule: Depending on the type of journalism they pursue,
journalists may have flexible schedules and the ability to work from home or
remotely.
- Opportunities for travel: Journalists may have the opportunity to travel to
different locations to cover stories.
Drawbacks of being a journalist:
- Long hours and tight deadlines: Journalists often work long hours and must
meet tight deadlines, which can be stressful and demanding.
- Low pay: Entry-level journalism jobs may pay relatively little, and salaries
may not increase significantly over time.
- High pressure and scrutiny: Journalists may face intense pressure and scrutiny
from sources, colleagues, and the public.
- Exposure to danger: Depending on the type of journalism they pursue,
journalists may be exposed to danger and face physical or emotional risks.
Ex 2
1B
2F
3D
4C
5A

Ex 3
To my view
In my mind
The way I see it
If you ask me
It seems to me

Ex 4
The question of whether traditional print journalism will become obsolete in the
face of the rise of television and the internet is a complex one, and there are
arguments to be made on both sides.

On the one hand, there is no denying that the emergence of new technologies
has had a significant impact on the media landscape. More and more people are
turning to online sources for their news and information, and traditional print
publications have struggled to keep up with this trend. The rise of social media
platforms has also made it easier for individuals to share news and opinions
directly with their friends and followers, further challenging the traditional role
of newspapers and magazines.

However, it is important to note that print journalism still has a significant role
to play in today's media landscape. While the internet and social media have
made it easier to access news and information, they have also created new
challenges around the reliability and accuracy of that information. Traditional
print publications, with their rigorous fact-checking and editorial processes,
remain an important source of reliable and trustworthy news.

Moreover, print journalism has a unique role in providing in-depth and

investigative reporting that may not be possible through other media channels.
While television news may offer quick and sensational coverage of breaking
events, print journalists have the time and space to delve deeper into complex
issues and provide a more nuanced understanding of the world.

In conclusion, while it is true that the rise of television and the internet has had
a significant impact on the media landscape, it is unlikely that traditional print
journalism will become a thing of the past anytime soon. While the way in
which news is consumed may continue to evolve, the importance of rigorous
reporting and quality journalism will remain as important as ever.

53 The press and media

53.1 What sort of TV programmes do you think these would be ?
1 Murder at the Match - detective story/ film
2 The Amazing Underwater World - documentary
3 World Cup Special - sports programme
4 The $10,000 Question - game show
5 Last Week in Parliament - current affairs programme
6 Hamlet from Stratford - drama

53.2 Give the name of one programme you know in your country of each type
listed in B.
1. Detective story/ film - Red Notice
2. Documentary - Darkest Hour
3. Sports programme - 60 Minutes Sports
4. Game show - Family Feud ( єПитання)
5. Current affairs programme - Talkback Live
6. Drama - House on dad

53.3 Write definitions explaining what jobs each of these people involved in the
media do?
Example: A make-up artist makes up the faces of people who are to appear on
TV.
1 a foreign correspondent is a journalist based abroad.
2 a sub-editor is someone who works in a newspaper office and decides on how
the pages should be laid out, how stories need to be cut, what headlines should
be used and so on.
3 a continuity person is responsible for seeing that the continuity between one
scene and another in a hilm is correct - for making sure that people do not
suddenly wear different earrings, for example.
4 an editor is the person responsible for the production of a newspaper or
magazine.
5 a librarian is a person who works in a place which lends books.
6 a bookseller is someone who owns or works in a shop which sells books.
7 a publisher is a person or company responsible for having a book printed and
organising its sale.
8 a columnist is a journalist who writes a regular column or feature for a
newspaper/magazine.
9 a camera operator is the person who operates a camera filming a TV
programme or a film.
10 a critic is a person who writes reviews of books, films or theater plays.

53.4 Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the most appropriate word
from the opposite page.
1 He doesn't even get up from the sofa to change channels; he just presses the
buttons on the remote control.
2 You can hear BBC news broadcasts/ programmes all over the world.
3 A short wave or a VHF radio can pick up/ receive many interesting stations.
4 Although our camcorder was expensive, we've taken some priceless film of
our children.
5 Children often prefer looking at comics to reading books.

53.5 Choose any newspaper (it could be in your own language if you can't find
an English one) and complete the following sentences.
1 The main story today is about military operations in Ukraine
2 The editorial is about life of Ukrainians during the war
3 There are readers' letters on page 17 and they deal with the following topics:
Volunteering, Ukraine will win, Zelensky - man of the year
4 The most interesting feature is about Ukraine and that we lost the only "Mria"
5 There is some scandal on page 6 , a crossword on page 10, a cartoon on page
15 and some small ads on page 16.
6 The most interesting business story is about як Ukraine will be after the war
and the largest sports article is about Usyk and his title of world boxing
champion
7 The most striking photograph shows consequences of the war with Russia
8 There are advertisements for teachers, IT managers, marketers and web
designers
9 An article about volunteering on page 8 made me feel proud of my nation,
country.
53.6 Look at the TV page of an English language paper and/or listen to the
News on the BBC World service. Make a note of any other useful vocabulary
on this theme.

Disseminate, conscience , ratings, reflect, collective unconscious, evolve over

time, capacity , feel awe, ambition, present the data, uplift, telegenic, social
commentary, irreverence ,spiking up.

54 The news: gathering and delivering

54.1 Match the two parts of the collocations used in the text in A opposite.
1 air your views
2 issue a statement
3 muck - raking
4 press conference
5 pressure groups
6 silly reasons
7 sound bite
8 tap sources

54.2 Fill the gaps with words from B.

I started my career as a journalist working as a reporter on the local rag in my
home town. The first thing I had to do was to take over the role of agony aunt.
This was quite difficult for an eighteen-year-old boy straight out of school! Still,
I managed to produce enough copy and in time for my first deadline. When that
first column of mine went to press, I felt extremely relieved and was so proud
that I stayed up all night so that I could get half a dozen copies hot off the press
for all the members of my family!
I still have a copy of that first article of mine in a folder where I keep cuttings
of all the work that I am especially proud of.

54.3 Answer these questions about the language in the text in B.

1 Would you write to a chief editor asking for a job on 'his rag'? Why / Why
not? - No, because rag is too informal a word for this context and also it implies
that you think the newspaper is not of good quality.
2 What do you think about newspapers if you refer to them as the gutter press? -
You have a low opinion of them.
3 What is it very important for journalists not to miss? - Deadlines are very
important for journalists not to miss.
4 Can you give an example of a famous fashion glossy? - Vogue
5 What two words might describe the kind of story that a journalist dreams of
getting? - 'Exclusive' and 'scoop'.
6 What two expressions refer to the moment of publication of a big story? - The
story breaks and the story hits the headlines.
7 Which two crimes are mentioned in the text and what do they consist of ? -
Libel and defamation of character: these both involve saying things that lower a
person's reputation. Defamation is broader than libel in that it covers slander as
well as libel.
Slander is spoken defamation of character and libel is written defamation of
character.
8 What might a film star keep in her scrapbook of press cuttings? - She might
keep articles about her, such as copies of reviews of her films or of interviews
with her.

54.4 Rewrite these sentences so that they mean the same thing, using the word
in brackets.
1 Every newspaper inevitably gives its own particular view of events. (SPIN) -
Every newspaper inevitably puts its own spin on events.
2 I have to find some articles from some previous editions of The Times.
(BACK) - I have to find some articles from some back copies of The Times.
3 Read all about the royal divorce! Only just published. (HOT) - Read all about
the royal divorce! Hot off the press!
4 The floods took up more space in the papers than any other story this week.
(COLUMN) - The floods took up more column inches in the papers than any
other story this week.
5 Politicians are always ready and willing to give their opinions to the press.
(AIR) - Politicians are always ready and willing to air their views to/in the
press.
6 The story about the scandal surrounding her uncle broke on her wedding day.
(HIT) - The story about the scandal surrounding her uncle hit the headlines on
her wedding day.
7 Any newspaper does all it can to prevent being sued for libel.
(CHARACTER) - Any newspaper does all it can to prevent being sued for
defamation of character.
8 Muck-raking is a characteristic activity of an inferior kind of newspaper.
(PRESS) - Muck-raking is a characteristic activity of the gutter press.

The media
Fame and the media, media bias
1.1 Look at the opinions and decide which ones you agree or disagree with.
1 Reality TV shows are not very entertaining. - agree
2 Reality TV shows are as popular now as ten years ago. - disagree
3 The main reason people take part in reality TV shows is because they want to
be famous. - agree
4 Newspapers increase public enthusiasm for reality TV shows. - disagree
5 Some reporters go too far when they pursue famous people. - agree
6 Some people are famous for the wrong reasons. - agree

2.1
Television and radio: reporter, broadcaster, viewer, series, listener, episode,
screen, headlines, journalist, rolling news,
live stream, programme
Newspapers and magazines: article, reporter, reader, print, publication,
tabloid, publisher, the press, headlines, journalist, online edition, gossip column

2.2
1 print
2 online editions
3 rolling news
4 live stream
5 reader
6 headlines
7 gossip
8 broadcast/shown
9 screen/screens
10 broadcasters

3.1
1 No (while the public's attitude towards women in politics has evolved
considerably, media coverage both on TV
and n the press nos failed to keen pace and remains
biased)
2 Not given (there is no comparison made between newspaper and TV
reporting)
3 Yes (by treating women unfairly, media reports not only impede the progress
of female candidates but also inevitably deter women from taking part in the
political process)
4 Yes (portraying women as incompetent leaders)
5 No (opinion polls that indicate voters would actually support a female
candidate.)
6 Not given (we are not told what Baxter expected to find in local tabloids)
7 No (the coverage in the majority of newspapers is generally tainted with
political bias)
8 Yes (selecting only one newspaper from each town seems too small a sample
to reach any decisive conclusion)

3.2
1 f - announce - state publicly
2 a - speculate - guess possible answers to a question
3 b - explore / examine - discuss an idea carefully to discover more about it
4 e - contend / argue / assert - statesomethingistrueorafact
5 d - conclude - judge or decide something after some consideration
6 c - indicate - show or make clear

3.3
Not certain / In doubt: disagree, question, debate, contest, challenge, dispute
True / A fact: state, cite, declare

4
1 prejudiced
2 influential
3 biased
4 subjective
5 impartial

Speaking
Part 1 (4-5 minutes)
The examiner will ask you some questions about yourself, your home, work
or studies, and familiar topics.
1 Do you work or are you a student? - I am a student.
2 Is it important to enjoy what you do? (Why? / Why not?) - Yes, it is important
to enjoy what you do. People who enjoy their jobs are more likely to be
optimistic, motivated, learn faster, make fewer mistakes, and better business
decisions.
3 Do you spend a lot of time with other people where you work or study?
(Why? / Why not?) - I do spend a lot of time with other people where I study. I
like to believe that I am a team player, and as a student, I like to study and work
on assignments with other people as it helps me understand the topics better.
When I discuss a lesson, no matter the subject or topic, with a group of other
people or a study partner, it becomes much easier to understand and more fun to
deal with.
4 Tell me about your home town in your country.
My hometown is a small city, Barishivka.I was born and raised there and I can
say it is definitely my favorite place. It is starting to be developed with an
increasing number of infrastructures and establishments.
5 Is it a good place to visit? (Why? / Why not?) I couldn’t say that it is a good
place to visit, because there are not many things to do there, no tourist
attractions.
6 What would you improve about your home town? (Why? / Why not?) It is
really a wonderful place to hide from the hustle and bustle of society - not
crowded and not polluted. But, I would add some theaters, cinema halls,
restaurants and so on.
8 How often do you send letters or emails? In my daily routine, I usually send
letters or emails, if it’s somehow connected with my study or work. So, I would
say not so often.
8 Do you prefer to write to someone or speak to them on the telephone? (Why?)
I prefer to write to someone, especially if it’s about study, personal matters.
That way I can be sure I've covered everything I meant to and word it well so no
miscommunication takes place.

Part 2 (3-4 minutes)

Describe a television show you have seen recently. You should say:
● what it was about
● where and when you saw it
 ● what type of programme it was and say why you enjoy this kind of show.
Nowadays, I do not watch TV much, but when I was a pupil, I used to
watch television a lot. I liked many TV programs and watched them regularly
during that time. There was a TV channel that had a television show about
different types of films. There you were able to have a small review of it or
watch if not a whole movie then a small fragment. And I`d like to say that there
are just “some movies”, and then there are some “great” movies – movies which
leave a lasting impression on us for a long time to come.
I would like to talk about one such great movie that I watched there, saw
on a show and it is still very much fresh in my mind. It was a war drama film
directed by Joe Wright and written by Anthony McCarten in 2017 “Darkest
Hour”. At first I heard the title of the film from a friend of mine and then saw a
short review of it. The film is an account of Winston Churchill's early days as
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War and the
May 1940 war cabinet crisis, depicting his refusal to seek a peace treaty with
Nazi Germany amid their advance into Western Europe. The title of the film
refers to a phrase describing the early days of the war, which has been widely
attributed to Churchill.
Darkest Hour shines a light on a crucial moment in British and world
history - the initial month of Churchill's term as he stand resolutely in the face
of Hitler's advance while his peers wish to sue for peace.The standout in this
film really is Gary Oldman, who is as deserving of an Oscar for this
performance as any actor ever has been. He toed the line perfectly, giving a
powerful and accurate portrayal of Churchill without it every feeling like a
gimmick or impression. He quite simply was Churchill. The physical
transformation was a part of this, and the costume and makeup departments
should be extraordinarily proud of what they achieved, but the majority of the
credit goes to Oldman himself. The task at hand was not an easy one.
Churchill's speeches that he tackled perhaps go down as some of the finest in
the English language, being so recognisable and quotable, and he delivered
them flawlessly. Simply tremendous from Gary Oldman.
What I also thoroughly enjoyed about Darkest Hour was its attention to
detail in bringing to life the period. The costumes, sets, score and supporting
cast all blended together perfectly to recreate May 1940 so finely. With this
alongside Oldman's performance you will get completely lost in this film and
the era, perfectly capturing the spirit of the British people at the time. This was
demonstrated particularly well during a spectacular scene on the underground,
which was a real highlight for the film.
The camera work in Darkest Hour also stands out as we navigate the
murky and claustrophobic tunnels of the Cabinet War Rooms, which adds to the
sense of the British having their backs against the wall, trapped by the Germans.
I hope that I was able to show you why I like this film and the TV show that
recommended them.

Part 3 (4-5 minutes)

The examiner will ask some more general questions which follow on from
the topic in Part 2.
1 Is it better to read a book or watch TV? I prefer to read a book. Reading can
reduce stress, lower our blood pressure, our heart rate and muscle tension. On
top of the knowledge boost reading provides us with, it also has a healing effect
on our mental state.
2 Is it important for children to have books at home? As for me, it is not so
important for children to have books at home. They are able to read them at
school or library, and find something online. Personally, I am a bookworm and
have a great library of my own in different literature genres. It is just a place
that is a collection of dust, but I like it.
3 Should young people read newspapers? Newspapers can be really
informative, and as a teenager,one can learn a lot of things that happen behind
the scenes and how stuff works. However,they are usually filled with bad news
and negativity. People tend to read more about a bomb going off somewhere or
a murder than how an NGO just planted about a lakh trees. But it certainly gives
you a new perspective, and you tend to be more analytical about situations and
happenings that you just ignored or didn't bother to think about before. That is
why I think young people should read newspapers even if they are able to find
everything they need online.
4 Do you think we will read more or less in the future? I think that we will read
more in the future, because all information we need right now is on a paper and
will always be in the written form. As technology has increased the accessibility
of books on a large scale. Those once expensive books now can be downloaded
totally for free, allowing people even in rural areas or in harsh poverty to read as
many books as they want.
5 Is local news important? As for me, local news is important in that way you
understand what is happening around you. It creates awareness among the local
people, fosters debates, instigates major social change and connects community
members.
6 Is there too much news these days? There is too much news these days. Right
now the country is in the state of war, so it is reasonable that there would be
over information.
7 Should news services be controlled by the government or by private business?
I think that the news services should be controlled by the government. If it is
controlled by private business it would be only about things that are connected
to this business, its owner and business partners. Shortly, it would contain
information that would be good for it and make the business grow.
8 How easy is it for broadcasters and media outlets to manipulate public
opinion?
News outlets can influence public opinion by controlling variables in news
presentation. News gatherers curate facts to underscore a certain angle.
Presentation method—such as time of broadcast, extent of coverage and choice
of news medium—can also frame the message; this can create, replace, or
reinforce a certain viewpoint in an audience. Not only does the media identify
supposed ‘causes of problems’, it can also ‘encourage oral judgments’ and
‘promote favored policies.’