2023 Census Data Collection Instructions Manual 14 August 2023

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2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION �� 4
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
1.2 Legal Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 What is a Census?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Objectives of the 2023 PHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Census Coverage�� 7
1.7 Sources of errors in census data�� 7
CHAPTER 2: KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 10

2.1 Dwelling unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 10
2.2 Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
2.3 Households (Conventional/Private). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 10
2.4 Homestead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 10
2.5 Household members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 11
2.6 Head of household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 11
2.7 Usual Member. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 12
2.8 Primary Respondent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 12
2.9 Census Reference Night (CRN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 12
2.10 De Facto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 13
2.11 De Jure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 13
CHAPTER 3: MAP READING AND ORIENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 14

3.1 What is a Map? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 14
3.2 Role of Maps in the Census. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .�� 15
3.3 Types of Maps for the Census 2023. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 15
3.4 Common Map Elements for the 2023 PHC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 16
3.5 How to measure distance on a map?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
3.6 Map Inset. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.7 Enumeration Area Field Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 20
3.8 Use of imagery in the 2023 census . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 21
CHAPTER 4: LISTING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 25
CHAPTER 5: LISTING AND ENUMERATION OF HOUSEHOLDS/INSTITUTIONS/SPECIAL

POPULATION GROUPS (using the tablet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 33
5.1 How to handle tile packages for big EAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5.2 Introduction to CAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
5.3 Basic CAPI Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
5.4 Supervisor Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 37
5.5 Listing Functions for the enumerators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.6 Map Icons during listing phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 51
5.7 Interview Functions for the enumerators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.8 Map Icons during interview phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.9 Steps on how to modify in different forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 63

CHAPTER 6: DATA TRANSMISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ��67
6.1 Steps for data transmission between the TS and enumerator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.2 Steps for data transmission between the TS and headquarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
CHAPTER 7: CENSUS INSTRUMENT (QUESTIONNAIRE) AND CODING OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE..72

7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
7.2 Enumeration of Conventional Households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
7.3 Enumeration of Residential Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
7.4 Enumeration of special population groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
7.5 Coding Interviews and Non-Interviews results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
CHAPTER 8: INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE QUESTIONNAIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

8.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
8.2 Different sections of the questionnaires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
8.3 Section A: Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
8.4 Completing the Institutions and Special Population Groups forms (Form B and C). . . . . . . . . 82
8.5 Section B: For all persons in the households/institutions/place (Special population). . . . . . .84
8.6 Section C: Early Childhood Development (ECD) Programmes - For persons aged 0-5 years.119
8.7 Section D: Literacy and Education - For all persons 6 years and above. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
8.8 Section E: Labour force – for persons aged 15 years and above. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
8.9 Section F: Fertility (Births) - For females aged 12 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.10 Section G: Mortality (Deaths in the household in the last 12 months). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
8.11 Section H: Housing characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
8.10 Summary Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
The history of census undertakings in Namibia started after independence when the first census was
undertaken in 1991. This was followed by the second and third censuses which were conducted in 2001
and 2011 respectively. The Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA) was established under the Statistics Act No. 9
of 2011, section 6 to be the central repository for all statistics produced in Namibia. The upcoming 2023
Namibia Population and Housing Census (NPHC) will be the first census to be conducted by the NSA,
since its establishment in April 2012. The census will cover the whole country, therefore, all persons who
spend the Census Reference Night (CRN) within the borders of Namibia will be enumerated at places
where they spend the CRN.
The CRN will be 24 September 2023 (last Sunday of September 2023) and the actual enumeration will be
carried out during the following 2 weeks.
This manual aims to guide the enumerator through the operations and procedures of the Main census
enumeration, provides instruction for completing different questionnaires for specific population groups.
The manual clarifies the concepts and definitions to be used in data collection to assist the enumerator
to have a comprehensive understanding of what is expected of them. The enumerator is expected to
understand all the details contained in this manual.
1.2 Legal Provision
The NSA in terms of sections 7(1) (a) is to constitute the central statistical authority for the state. The
NSA is empowered by section 7(2) (d) of the Statistics Act, Act No.9 of 2011, to conduct a Population
and Hosing Census every ten (10) years on a date to be determined by the Minister by notice in the
gazette. There is a legal obligation upon all NSA employees as well as all stakeholders involved in the
implementation of the census to record responses received during the cause of the census truthful and
accurately.
The Statistics Act, section 42 speaks of the right of access for statistical purposes, in that an
authorized officer may at all reasonable times, on production of his or her certificate of appointment,
enter any premises for the purposes of - (a) delivering a notice under section 41(2); (b) delivering
documents or collecting documents, information or records; or (c) making any such inquiries as he or she
is authorized to make under this Act. This is the section that authorised the NSA staff to enter premises
for the collection of statistics and conducting census.
Section 44 of the Act speaks to confidentiality and dissemination of information in that, a document,
an information or a record provided to the Agency or any other body authorised by the Minister to
undertake a statistical or spatial data collection or obtained from administrative records and that
relates to an individual, household, government body, undertaking or any other organisation, may not
be - (a) disclosed to a third party; (b) admitted as evidence in legal proceedings, except for purposes of
criminal proceedings in terms of this Act; or (c) disclosed to a government body for non-statistical
purposes. Furthermore, a document, an information or a record obtained in terms of this Act may not be
published or disseminated in a manner which permits the identification of a specific individual, household,
undertaking or other organisation, unless the person, household, undertaking or organisation consents
in writing to the publication or dissemination in that manner.

The Act further outlines that subsection (1) and (2) do not apply to documents, information, or records
about an individual, household, undertaking or organisation - (a) already published or available on a
database accessible to the public; or (b) for whose publication or dissemination the individual,
household, undertaking or organisation gave written permission.
The Oath of Office and Secrecy as per section 45 of the Act will be administered to all census officials at
all levels to ensure confidentiality of the information obtained from individuals and Households.
The Act, in terms of section 57, makes provisions that despite any other provisions of the act a person
may not be compelled to furnish any particulars or information relating to his or her religious beliefs or
denomination or political convictions.
The Statistics Act, in terms of section 43, particularly stresses on administrative penalties. Section 43.
(1), state that the Statistician-General may impose an administrative penalty prescribed by the Minister
on any person who – (a) without good reason fails to comply with a notice issued under section 40 or
41; or (b) refuses or fails to complete any document or provide information or record required for the
purposes of a statistical collection, by delivering to such person a written notice of intention to impose
administrative penalty.
There are general offences, which can be committed in respect of employees of the NSA. In that section
55, outlines that any person employed in carrying out any of the provisions of this Act who – (a) by virtue
of such employment comes in possession of any information which might exert an influence upon or
affect the market value of any share, property, product or article and who before such information is
made public directly or indirectly discloses such information or uses such information for personal gain;
(b) without authority publishes or communicates to any person any information obtained by him or her in
the course of his her functions in terms of this Act; or (c) in the exercise of any power or the performance
of any function under or in terms this Act, contravenes or fails to comply with any term or condition of
his or her oath under Schedule 2, commits an offence and is liable to a fine not exceeding N$50 000 or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years, or to both such fine and such imprisonment.
General offences in terms of section 56, of the act makes provisions for a person who – (a) represents
himself or herself as making an inquiry under any provision of this Act when the person is not an
authorized officer; (b) wilfully hinders or obstructs the Statistician-General or any authorized
officer in the performance of any function under this Act; (c) wilfully refuses or neglects to supply within
such time as may be specified, any information or particulars required, or to answer any question or
inquiry put to him or her under this Act; (d) in answer to any question or inquiry put to him or her under
this Act, makes any statement which is untrue in any material respect; (e) wilfully destroys, defaces or
mutilates documentation containing information obtained in pursuance of the provisions of this Act; (f)
publishes or communicates to any person information which, to his or her knowledge, has been disclosed
in contravention of this Act, commits an offence and is liable to a fine not exceeding N$50 000 or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years, or to both such fine and such imprisonment.
The listing phase will start on 18th September to the 22nd of September 2023. The Enumeration will
be conducted during the period 25 September 2023 to 06th October 2023, with the 24th September
2023 being the CRN.

1.3 What is a Census?
A census is defined as a total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing, and publishing or
disseminating demographic, economic, social and housing data pertaining, at a specific time to all
persons in a country or in well-demarcated part of a county .
1.4 Objectives of the 2023 PHC
The main objective of the PHC is to provide demographic and socio-economic statistical information
about the population and its living quarters necessary for evidence-based planning, decision-making
and policy-making. The census will also provide data for monitoring and evaluation at national, regional
and sub-regional levels while also providing the indicators to evaluate progress against national and
international goals such as the NDP’s, Vision 2030 and SDGs. The census will also provide up to date
information on key indicators such as the population size, age and sex structure, distribution and growth,
its housing characteristics and living condition.
The Specific census objectives of the PHC include:
• To provide a comprehensive statistical basis for overall social and economic planning,
monitoring, evaluation and decision making;
• To provide an adequate statistical basis for measuring the size and growth of the population;
• To determine the structure and composition of the population by age, sex, region, constituency,
locality and other socio-economic characteristics;
• To provide a basis for estimating basic demographic characteristics, which include, among
others, the levels of fertility, mortality and migration, not only at national, regional and lower
levels, but also for specific population sub-groups;
• To make it possible to estimate future population trends through population projections;
• To provide information for the delineation of Regional as well as Constituency boundaries;
• To provide data for creating and updating the National Statistical Frames and geodatabase
• To provide statistical basis for small area estimation of socio-economic indicators.
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Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses, Revision 3, page 2

1.5 Census Coverage
The census will cover the whole country to ensure that all pockets of the population are enumerated
in order to give reliable statistical estimates not only at national, regional, constituency and urban and
rural levels, but at the lowest possible geographical areas. Census will collect data at Household level,
Institutions levels and special dwelling levels.
1.6 Sources of errors in census data
One way to classify errors is to look at the stage of the Census implementation during which they occur.
The three critical stages of census implementation are:

a) Census design and preparation
b) Data collection
c) Data processing and analysis
The following are the types of errors that may occur at any of the stages:
a) Coverage errors (omission or duplication)
b) Response errors
c) Non-response errors
1.6.1 Coverage errors
There are two types of coverage errors namely under coverage and over-coverage.
a) Under coverage results from omission of some persons, households or pockets of the
population.
b) Over-coverage is when some persons or, to a lesser extent, households are covered more than
once.
Coverage errors are mainly caused by enumeration area (EA) boundary confusions. For example, due
to difficulties in reading of EA boundaries, you may find that an enumerator from an adjacent EA has
interviewed household in your assigned area. If this happens make a note of the affected households and
immediately inform your supervisor. Do not interview the household for a second time.
The household sticker on the dwelling unit is an indication that the household within DU has been
enumerated.
1.6.2 Non-response errors
Non-response results from failure to obtain information on some households or household members, due
to refusal, failure to find respondents at home, missed appointments etc. Non-response may be total or
partial.
a) Total non-response refers to the failure to collect any census data from a household or
household members.

b) Partial or item non-response occurs when a household or household member fails or refuses to
provide some specific items of information.
For example, a female respondent may not give information on some of her children. Sometimes items
are omitted because the Enumerator fails to ask some of the questions or to record all answers given.
1.6.2.1 Control of non-response errors
a) Contacting respondents - the enumerator should be able to make calls at times when
respondents are likely to be at home.
b) Obtaining co-operation of the respondents depends on several factors:
• Enumerators should introduce themselves,
• How the enumerators identify themselves
• What the enumerator say about the Census
• The courtesy they show to the respondents.
c) Notifying and obtaining permission of local officials to proceed with Census work in their areas is
very important and seek their help in gaining cooperation of households will help a lot.
d) Enumerator’s training - During the interviews, the enumerator is bound to play an important role
to maximize response. It is therefore essential that enumerators be well trained in order to
get good responses and to collect accurate data.
e) Enumerators should at all-times follow the instructions in this manual properly to collect accurate
and consistent data. If you come across any problem in the field, you can use this instruction
manual to come up with a suitable solution.
f) Call on your Team Supervisor for support in case you are not sure, Team Supervisor is supposed
to give you all the support you require or consult their supervisors.
g) Enumerators are encouraged to make all efforts in obtaining a response from all households to
ensure there is no non-response cases during the data collection stage of the Census.
h) Enumerators must arrange Call-backs if no eligible respondent is available when a household is
first visited. Enumerators should ask neighbours when the occupants are likely to be at home and
leave a Call-back Card for the Household.
i) Complete the entire questionnaires for all households and all persons in the EA at all times.
Non-response may produce serious errors in the final results. So you should try to minimize the
non-response rate as far as possible.

1.6.3 Response errors
Response errors mainly occur in the data collection phase of a Census. The sources of response errors
maybe from the respondent and the enumerator.
Respondent as a source of Response Error:

a) The inability of respondents to provide the desired information. The respondent social
background and level of education are the main factors in this respect. Part of this may be due
to lack of information or recall errors.
b) Sometimes respondents purposely report certain information incorrectly, e, g. number of
deaths, income and age.
Enumerators as source of Response Error:

a) Enumerators may fail to ask a questions to the respondent clearly
b) Enumerators at times influence the respondents to answer incorrectly by asking misleading
questions.

CHAPTER 2: KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
2.1 Dwelling unit
• Dwelling unit is a building/structure where households live. It’s a place of residence occupied by
one or more households.
• Sometimes a household can occupy more than one building/structure. On the other hand,
households can occupy only part of the buildings/structure; in that case, that building/structure
becomes the Dwelling unit for all households within it.
• Buildings/structures can be classified into dwelling units, living quarters other than dwelling
units (institutions) and non-dwelling units.
2.2 Institutions
An institution can be defined as sets of premises in a permanent structure or structures designed to

accommodate groups of persons who are bound by either a common public objective or a common
personal interests. Institutions can be categorized into two groups, i.e. residential and non-residential
institutions.
• Residential institutions include institutions where people may be allowed to reside for certain
period of time for learning or employment purposes.
• Non-residential institutions include institutions such as hotel/lodges, police holding cells
hospitals, etc.
• These groups of people cannot be said to belong to a conventional household since they do not
meet the same criteria as that of a household.
2.3 Households (Conventional/ Private)
a) A household usually consists: (1) of one or more persons, related or unrelated, (2) who live
together in the same house/homestead/compound (see definition below), but not necessarily in
the same dwelling unit, (3) who have the same or common catering or eating arrangements
(cook and eat together), and (4) who are answerable to the same head of household.
b) It is important to remember that members who belong to the same household need not
necessarily be related in blood or marriage.
Households occupy dwelling units, which may be a building or a part of a building or a group of buildings
regardless of its/their physical condition. Buildings can be classified into dwelling units, living quarters
other than dwelling units (institutions) and non-housing units.
2.4 Homestead
It is an isolated compound with one or more structures, and usually inhabited by one or more households.
In most cases homesteads will be surrounded by fences, hedges, wall etc. A homestead may contain a
traditional dwelling or a group of traditional dwellings. A traditional dwelling will thus be considered a
homestead. However, a wall/fence or hedge need not necessarily surround a homestead. For instance,
boys’ quarters, garage, kitchen etc. may be part of a homestead whether or not they are surrounded by
a fence/wall, etc. During interviews, you will visit homesteads and identify the structures, dwelling units
and households in homesteads.
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2.5 Household members
Refers to all persons who were actually present in the household on the census reference night, including
visitors except those attending social events (Birthday parties, weddings, funerals etc.) employees on
night shift and resident domestic servants and their families.
Determination of household members is not easy. However, the following examples should guide in
deciding who should form a household.
i) A household may consist of one or more persons and may occupy a whole building or part of a
building or many buildings in the same compound/homestead.
ii) A person who lives alone and caters for herself/himself forms a one-person household.
iii) If two or more groups of people live in the same dwelling unit, but have separate catering/
eating arrangements treat them as separate households.
iv) If the domestic worker lives in the same dwelling unit as the main household and shares its
meals, she/he can be regarded as a household member, even if she/he does not pool her/his
income and does not share the expenditures with the main household.
v) If the domestic worker lives somewhere else and do not share the catering arrangements with
the main household, then she/he belongs to another household.
vi) In a polygamous marriage (a man with more than one wife), if the wives cook and eat
separately, treat the wives as separate households. But if the wives and their children share a
common kitchen (eating arrangements) treat them as one household.
vii) In a polygamous marriage, the husband will be recorded as a household member where he
spent the census reference night.
viii) It is the custom in many parts of Namibia for boys to live in separate quarters between
circumcision and marriage, while continuing to take their meals with their parents. Interview
them with their parent’s households.
ix) For census purposes, you will enumerate only those persons who will have spent the CRN (the
Night of 24 September 2023) in the households, whether visitors, domestic workers, etc. Sons
or daughters or other relatives who usually live in the household but were absent on the CRN
should be omitted unless they were in another place where they could not be found by the
Enumerator such as night fishing, watchman, night shifts etc.
x) Remember to also add all persons who died on or after the CRN as well as all persons born
before or on the CRN (midnight) as part of the household.
2.6 Head of household
The head of household is the person of either sex who is looked upon by other members of the house-
hold as their leader or main decision-maker. If she/he was absent on the CRN, the next responsible adult
member (acting head of household) should be considered as the head.
Note: a head of household should be 12 years and above.
In case of child headed households, the CAPI application age limitation for household heads is 7 years.
However, before the enumerator proceeds to enumerate a household headed by a person younger
than 12 years old, they must alert the TS and the team must alert the RS who must then do further
verification.
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2.7 Usual Member
Usual member refers to persons who have been living in the household for 6 months or more, or intend
to stay in the household for the next 6 months.
2.8 Primary Respondent
A primary respondent is a person, preferably an adult, who is most knowledgeable about the
characteristics of the household. If there is no such adult member, any knowledgeable member of the
household aged 12 and above, can be a primary respondent. Note that the primary respondent may not
necessarily have spent the reference night in the household.
2.9 Census Reference Night (CRN)
All interviews must relate to CRN, except for selected parts of the questionnaire, in this case an
alternative reference is stated (e.g. some questions in Section E have a reference of last 7 days). The CRN
will be the night of 24 September 2023.
Note:
a) Only persons alive in Namibia at this time should be interviewed. The CRN has been publicized
in advance nationwide, as census will cover the entire country.
b) Between the CRN and the time of the interview, the composition of a particular household
might have changed in the following manner:
i. If somebody died on or after the CRN, you should enumerate him/her as alive by obtaining his/
her particulars from the head of the household or the main respondent in the household
ii. If somebody died before the CRN, you should NOT enumerate him/her as alive and thus would
not form part of the household, however, the person will be captured under the mortality section
provided the death occurred within 12 months.
iii. If a person was born before or on the CRN (midnight), you should enumerate him/her as alive,
however if the births occurred after midnight, the birth should be excluded from the household.
iv. If a baby was born after the CRN, you should not enumerate him/her.
v. Visitors are interviewed if they spent the CRN in the household. Recall that this excludes those
attending social events (Birthday parties, weddings, funerals etc.)
vi. Somebody might have moved from that particular HH to another HH, should be enumerated in
that particular HH where he/she spent the CRN.
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2.10 De Facto
A de-facto method enumerates all persons found within the borders of a particular country at a
particular point in time (i.e. CRN). For example, every person is enumerated at a place or household
where he/she spent the CRN. The advantage in using this approach is that it reduces coverage errors.
Thus, this is the approach that has been adopted for the 2023 PHC.
2.11 De Jure
A de jure method interviews all persons who are usually living within the border of a particular country or
household, even if they were not present during the time of the census. This approach increases double
counting as people might be regarded as usual members of more than one household.
For Example: Mr. Ndapu !Xoas has a house in Dorado Park, another traditional house in !Khorixas and a
farm in Otavi area. He currently resides in Dorado Park but he however visits Khorixas and Otavi every
end of the month. For the De Jure method, Mr. !Xaos is considered as a usual member of all these HHs by
this definition which increases the chance for him to be counted in all three HHs. In case of the De Facto
approach, Mr. !Xaos, has to be counted only in one household where he spent the night (CRN).
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CHAPTER 3: MAP READING AND ORIENTATION
3.1 What is a Map?
A map can be defined as a representation of either an entire earth’s surface or a part of it in a reduced
form showing natural and/or man-made features. A map is composed of different geographic features
represented as images, points, lines, and/or areas/ polygon.
Maps can display political boundaries, population distribution, mountains, natural resources, roads, the
climate, economic activities, etc. You will be provided with two types of maps for the Census, a physical
paper map and a digital map which will be loaded onto the tablet called a Tile Package.
3.1.1 Tile Package
A tile package (see Figure 1) is an offline digital map that allows you to navigate within an Enumeration
Area (EA) that is being enumerated using a tablet. Together with a physical map, it can help you to locate
your area of interest.
Figure 1: Example of a Tile package on a Tablet
The tablet that will be used for enumeration is equipped with GPS technology that can show your current
location and help with navigation within an EA and boundary identification as well. Refer to the CAPI
section of the manual for further information on how to use the Tile Package in the Tablet.
14

3.2 Role of Maps in the Census
The role of maps in the census process is to support enumeration and to present aggregate census
results in cartographic or symbolic form. In general terms, mapping serves three main purposes in the
census process:
a) Maps ensure coverage and facilitate census operations (pre-enumeration).

The NSA needs to ensure that every household and person within Namibia is counted and that no
households or individuals are counted twice. For this purpose, census geographers partition the
national territory into small data-collection units. Maps showing enumeration areas thus provide an
essential control device that guarantees coverage of the census (avoiding gaps and overlaps during
enumeration). Statistically, maps assist in minimising or eliminating errors of geographic coverage.
b) Maps support data collection and can help monitor census activities (during enumeration).
During census enumeration, maps ensure that enumerators can easily identify their assigned
geographic areas, in which they will enumerate households. Maps are also issued to the census
supervisors assigned to enumerators to support planning and control tasks. Maps can thus also play a
role in monitoring the progress of census operations. This allows supervisors to strategically plan, make
assignments, identify problem areas and implement remedial action quickly.
c) Maps make it easier to present, analyse and disseminate census results (post enumeration).
The cartographic presentation of census results provides a powerful means for visualizing the results
of a census. This supports the identification of local patterns of important demographic and social
indicators. Maps are thus an integral part of policy analysis in the public and private sectors.
3.3 Types of Maps for the Census 2023
The following are the types of maps that will be used in the 2023 Population and Housing Census:
Regional Maps (A0): A Regional Map consists of a group of constituencies representing several EAs
assigned to the Regional Supervisor during the Census period. It covers an entire Region as an
administrative unit. It is the collection of all the constituencies within the region put together to create
larger spatial coverage and to aid supervision and monitoring of field work.
Constituency Maps (A0): A Constituency Map consists of a group of Supervisory Areas (SA’s)
representing several EAs assigned to the Constituency Supervisor during the Census period. It covers an
entire Constituency as an administrative unit. It is the collection of various SA’s within the constituency
put together to create a larger spatial coverage and to aid supervision and monitoring of field work.
Supervisory Maps (A3): A SA Map is a group of adjoining EA boundaries assigned to a Supervisor during
the Census period. It is the area for which a Census enumeration supervisor is responsible. It is made up
of an average of (four) 4 EAs in urban areas and (two) 2 EAs in rural areas. The variation depends on the
population sizes, the topography and difficulty of enumerating the area.
15

Enumeration Area Map (A3): An Enumeration Area (EA) map is the map of the smallest geographical
area with a well-defined boundary and features that is assigned to an enumerator which can easily be
completed in the prescribed census enumeration period.
3.4 Common Map Elements for the 2023 PHC
Regardless of the cartographic style or content, most of the maps you will use have following common
elements:
Title Scale & Direction

EA Information Dwelling Structure Numbers
Legend Features
Dwelling
Structure Title
Number
EA
Information
Legend
EA
Boundary
Scale and
Direction
EA
Number
Figure 2: Map Elements
3.4.1 Title
The title describes the theme or subject of a map, in this case it is the 2023 Namibia Population and
Housing Census.
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3.4.2 EA Information
Contains information about the enumeration area such as region, constituency and if the EA is rural or
urban. This helps the enumerator locate the enumeration area.
3.4.3 Legend
The legend is the key to understanding the map and, together with the title, is the first place you should
look when reading a map. The map legend explains the meaning of symbols used on the map.
3.4.4 Scale
A scale is a statement of how distance on the map relates to distance on the ground. Use the graphic
scale printed on the map to measure distances on the map in terms of ground distances. In smaller
geographic areas the scale is represented in meters i.e. urban areas, whilst in larger geographic areas the
scale is represented in kilometres i.e. rural areas.
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3.4.5 Direction and Orientation
Most maps include a “north arrow” to reference direction. The north arrow is usually located below the
legend. You can use ground features that are visible on the map to orient yourself as you navigate around
your area of interest.
3.4.6 Features
A feature is a physical element on the earth’s surface that can be mapped. This can include both natural
and man-made objects. Reference maps use symbols to show the location of physical features, such
as roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, etc., and non-visible features such as boundaries, names and codes of
geographic areas.
3.4.7 Dwelling Structure Numbers
A very important feature on the map is the structure points/dots on the image map. These dots were
placed on the map through an intensive office exercise. You have to visit each dot on the map, capture
a GPS point and complete the (electronic) questionnaire for each dot or structure point using a Tablet.
GPS stands for Global Positioning System, a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United
States government and operated by the United States Space Force.
The dots on the map are however only an indication of where structures were detected/captured during
mapping. While in the area, ensure that every structure is visited whether indicated on the map or not
and enquire if it contains households or not.
The dwelling structure number is a pre-assigned number allocated to each dwelling structure point in
your EA map. In cases where dwelling structures are not appearing on the EA map these will be regarded
as new structures. Please follow the CAPI Manual for generating new structure number.
3.5 How to measure distance on a Map?
It is always important to know how far you have to travel and how long it is going to take you. By
measuring a distance on your map, you can work out how far that is in reality. You can measure this
distance either in a straight line (as a straight urban road) or following a winding route such as a rural
footpath. To get this information from a map is very easy.
18

Here is a way of doing it:
You can measure between two points by using a piece of thin string. If you are measuring the distance
in a straight line, then simply stretch the string between the two points. If you are following a road or
track that is not straight, bend the string to follow the exact shape until you reach the second point.
Place string against the scale bar on the map. This is usually at the foot of the map sheet.
Source: https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/concept/devices-to-measure-length-208175/
3.6 Map Inset
An inset map is a zoomed in map of a cluttered part(s) of an enumeration area (EA) used to show a
specific area of interest in greater detail.
Overview Map: This helps the

reader understand the location
of the inset map in relation to the
larger map.
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Inset 1: Shows inset 1 of 14 as
shown on the overview map.
Inset 2: Shows inset 2 of 14 as

shown on the overview map.
Figure 3: Map Insets
3.7 Enumeration Area Field Orientation
During fieldwork, it is imperative to know how to locate certain features on the ground that are shown on
the Map and the Tile Package.
- One needs to find your geographic direction (north, south etc.) as well as your physical position
on the map:
Direction (using the sun)
• We can use the location of the sun in the sky to determine direction. Stand outside in the morning
and look up at the sky (never look directly into the sun). Where is the sun currently located?
• The sun rises in the east. Therefore, the location of the sun in the morning is towards the east.
Meaning your back is towards the west while your left-hand side is towards your north and the right
hand towards the south.
20

• Compare this to the location of the sun in the sky in the late afternoon. The sun sets in the west.
At noon local time, the sun is directly overhead.
- Find objects on the ground that are represented by specific symbols/features on the map as
illustrated in the map legend.
- Hold your map in such a way that features on the map line up with their corresponding features
on the ground.
These are the different ways to orient a map/tile package:

By a line feature - If there is a road/river/etc. that is also shown on the map, you should turn the map
until the feature on it aligns with the road on the ground. Be careful that positions of other features on
the sides of the road/river also match with respective symbols on the map.
By distinct point - Identify a distinct feature on the ground and its location on the map. If your position
is known on the map, turn and rotate it to align the feature on the map with its actual location on the
ground.
While orienting your map, you must ascertain your own position on the map by looking at the
surrounding features.
3.8 Use of imagery in the 2023 census
Satellite images are like maps: they are full of useful and interesting information, provided you have a
key. Satellite imagery will be widely used as a base map for the 2023 census. You will be provided with an
image map of the area you are to enumerate. This image map shows an aerial view of the area to help
with navigating the area and properly identifying your EA boundary as well as many other features
discussed in this section.
Note: Satellite images being used as the base map for tile packages versus those used in the EA map
(Physical maps) may not be the same in terms of time taken. One of them may be showing very recent
changes in the EA while the other may not (See Figure below).
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DigitalGlobe 2022 DigitalGlobe 2022
Figure 4: Time difference between DigitalGlobe images and ESRI base map.
Unlocking the rich information in a satellite image:
1. Look for patterns, shapes, and textures.

• This skill is useful in interpreting satellite imagery because distinctive patterns, shapes and textures
can be matched to external maps to identify key features.
22

• Bodies of water—rivers, lakes, and oceans—are often the simplest features to identify because
they tend to have unique shapes and they show up on maps.
• Other obvious patterns come from the way people use the land. Farms usually have geometric
shapes—circles or rectangles—that stand out against the more random patterns seen in nature.
Shape: These shapes often depict an irrigation farm

Texture: bare ground is smoother compared
to the one with vegetation
2. Define the colours (including shadows)
• Looking at a satellite image, you see everything between the satellite and the ground (clouds, dust,
haze, land) in a single, flat plane. This means that a white patch might be a cloud, but it could also
be snow or a salt flat or sun light. The combination of context, shape, and texture will help you tell
the difference. In a true colour image, common features appear as follows:
- Water: Sunlight reflecting off the surface of the water makes the water look grey, silver, or white
- Plants come in different shades of green, and those differences show up in the true-colour view
from space. Grasslands tend to be pale green, while forests are very dark green. Land used for
agriculture is often much brighter in tone than natural vegetation.
- Cities: Densely built areas are typically silver or grey from the concentration of concrete and
other building materials. Some cities have a browner or red tone depending on the materials
used for rooftops.
• Bare ground: Bare or very lightly vegetated ground is usually some shade of brown or tan.
• Clouds are white and grey, and they tend to have texture just as they do when viewed from the
ground. They also cast dark shadows on the ground that mirror the shape of the cloud.
23

Cities: The arrangement and colour of these Water: The image shows an inland water body
houses suggest that this is an such as a dam (Goreangab dam)
urban area
3. Consider your prior knowledge.
• Perhaps the most powerful tool for interpreting a satellite image is knowledge of the place. If you
know that a wildfire burned through a forest last year, it’s easy to figure out that the dark brown
patch of forest is probably a burn scar, not a volcanic flow or shadow.
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CHAPTER 4: LISTING OPERATION
4.1 Introduction
Now that you know how to navigate to your assigned EA using the maps and devices provided, you
need to start listing the households/institutions within each EA in order to prepare a current list of all
private households and institutions in the EA. This operation is known as the listing phase/operation
and the output is the list of all households in the EA. This will be the first job for the teams in the field.
4.1.1 Before the listing operation, the enumerators should ensure that they:
1. Contact local officials in each EA to inform them about the listing operation and to obtain their
cooperation.
2. Identify the boundaries of the EA correctly - A map will be provided to help in identifying the
boundaries of each of the selected EAs. Hence, it is important for you to understand the
different types of EA maps, how to read such EA maps and how to use the navigational tools
on the tablet (Google maps and tile packages).
3. List all the households/institutions in the assigned EA.
4. Communicate problems encountered in the field to the Team Supervisor/Coordinator and follow
his/her instructions.
4.1.2 Guidelines for moving in the EA and Listing of households/instituions
• Find out the general location of the selected EA using the regional map (possibly the regional
office).
• Familiarize yourself with the EA.
• On the ground (in the EA), orientate yourself with the map; identify some prominent landmarks,
e.g. schools, sports fields, or any other feature that is prominent on the map (or aerial
photograph). Bear in mind that due to developmental changes and the time that the
in-background image was taken, there might be a difference in how features may appear on the
ground and on the map.
• The starting point for listing within an EA is listing the DU/Structure number within the EA as
reflected on the hardcopy map. Each printed number on the map represents a DU/Structure on
the ground. Ensure that stand by the correct structure when you enter it into your tablet as it
appears on the map. It is essential that you have a good idea about the numbers on the map
and the structures on the ground within the EA to manage your enumeration smoothly.
Note: You will be listing households/institutions/ special population groups found in your EA.
The procedures for doing so are explained in detail in the Field Operations Manual (Enumeration
Strategy)
25

4.1.3 The Listing questions
(a) Identification part – Before commencing with listing, the identification part of the Listing Form should be filled
with the correct information of the EA but most of it if not all will be populated in CAPI already.
Component Explanation
Region name and code There are fourteen (14) regions, each region is allocated a two-digit code, ranging
from 01 for //Kharas to 14 for Zambezi region.
Instruction: Write/record the name and the appropriate two-digit code for that
region in the space provided from the enumeration area (EA) map, e.g. Region:
Khomas and Code: 06 for Khomas region.
Constituency name and code The number of constituencies ranges from 01 – 12 within a region.
Instruction: Write/record the name and the appropriate two-digit code for the
constituency from the EA-map in the space provided, e.g. Constituency: John
Pandeni and Code: 01 for John Pandeni Constituency
Enumeration Area (EA) code The EA code is the last three (3) digits in the unique identifier (EA number).
Instruction: Write/Record the appropriate 3-digit code as provided by your
supervisor. The code can also be found as the last three digits of the EA number
from the EA map given to you.
Enumeration Area (EA) number Every EA has been given a nine-digit code. This number is obtained from the
printed EA map.
An example of a unique EA number in the map represents the following:
Region Constituency Type EA
Digit 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 9
• 1st and 2nd digits represent the Region code

• 3rd and 4th digits represent the Constituency code
• 5th and 6th digits rural/ urban code
• 7th, 8th and 9th digits represent the EA code
E.g. 100201019 (EA Number) - Urban
E.g. 100299025 (EA Number) - Rural
10 Represent Omusati region
02 Represent Elim constituency
01 Represent the Urban EA in Elim constituency
99 Represent the Rural EA in Elim constituency
019 Represent the 19th EA in Elim constituency
Urban (U)/Rural(R) code A two-digit code is assigned to classify whether an EA is Urban (01) or Rural (99).
Instruction: Write/Record the two-digit code representing an urban locality or rural
locality as given on the EA map.
Locality (town, village, settlement) For the purpose of the census, a locality is defined as a distinct population cluster,
irrespective of size, in which people live and which has a name or locally recognized
status. A list of all localities in your EA will be given to you. But if you come across a
locality not included in your list but within your EA you should interview it too. If in
doubt, whether it is in your EA or not consult your supervisor.
Instruction: Write/record the name of the village/locality e.g. Okatope for the
village or Olympia in town. For urban areas, write down the name of the town.
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Once you reach the household/institution/special population group, ensure you properly introduce
yourself. The introduction below is just a guide.
My name is __________________ I am a representative of the Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA).

NSA is conducting the 2023 Population and Housing Census. Today I am conducting a listing of
all households/institutions/places in my assigned area. Later, I will return for the full interview
after the Census Reference Night (24th September 2023) when the actual enumeration begins. The
Statistics Act (Act no. 9 of 2011) requires that all persons in Namibia participate in the census.
Please be assured that all information to be collected will be kept confidential. The information
collected will only be used for statistical purposes. People who misuse the data collected can be
prosecuted. I would now like to ask you the following questions, which I will record in this Tablet.
Column 1: GPS COORDINATE – Latitude and Longitude
Instructions
The Global Positioning System is a global navigation satellite system that provides location.
GPS is everywhere. You can find GPS systems in your car, your smartphone and your watch.
GPS helps you get where you want to go, takes you from point A to point B. In the 2023
PHC you will be using a tablet installed with a GPS to capture each location of all dwelling
structures.
Before capturing a GPS point with your tablet keep the following in mind:
• GPS signals may be blocked by dense forest, canyon walls, or skyscrapers, and they
don’t penetrate indoor spaces well, so some locations may not permit accurate GPS
navigation.
• You should make attempts, until the desired accuracy of not more than 5 meter is
obtained.
• If you have trouble obtaining sufficient GPS location, change your position until you
are able to do so.
• Remain as close to the structure as possible without any obstructions such as trees,
shades, tall buildings, inside the building, inside the vehicle etc.
• Ensure you are standing still while taking the GPS readings.
Column 2: STRUCTURE NUMBER FROM MAP/NEW STRUCTURE NUMBER
A structure refers to anything that is constructed or built from different interrelated parts with a fixed
location on the ground. The mapping structure number includes dwellings only identified by the NSA
office.
Mapping structure numbers will already be allocated to each structure in your EA. This will be clearly
indicated on your EA map. IT is important to READ THE EA MAP correctly.
Structures that are not appearing on the EA maps will be regarded as ‘new structures ‘and be allocated
new structure numbers which the enumerator will write on to the questionnaire and indicate with a cross
mark on the EA map.
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Instruction
• All mapping structure numbers in an EA will have a 4-digit code, the code
will run from 0001, 0002, 0003 and so on.
• Copy/write or select the mapping structure number from the map on the
questionnaire.
• For new structures, numbers are auto generated by the CAPI application.
The first new structure number will start from 0801, the second 0802 and
so on.
Column 3: STRUCTURE TYPE

There will be three population groups to be listed: conventional households, institutions and special
population groups which are housed in various structure type. Not all special population groups will be
listed. For other special population groups such as homeless, sea workers (offshore), temporary waiting
shelters and travellers, the details on how to deal with them are explained in the Enumeration Strategy.
Instruction
• Write/Select appropriate code
• If conventional household is selected code 100, Go to Column 4
• If Institution type selected is 201 to 212, Go to Column 6
• If Special Population Group selected is 302 to 308, Go to Column 6
Conventional households 100 4

Institution Type
Boarding school/ Tertiary education Hostels 201
Convents/ Seminaries hostels/ Monastries 202
Diplomats 203
Employment hostels 204
Military/army baracks 205 6
Nurses homes/hostels 206
Orphanage shelters 207
Police colleges/Mobile units 208
Refugee Camps 209
Relocation Camps 210
Safe homes/shelters 211
Other, specify 212
Special Population Group
Hospital in-patients 302

Hotels/Lodges/Guesthouses 303
Maternity waiting shelters 304
Old age homes 305 6
Police Holding cells 306
Prisons 307
Rehabilitation Centres 308
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Column 4: DWELLING UNIT (DU) NUMBER
Dwelling unit is a building/structure where households live. It’s a place of residence occupied by one
or more households. Sometimes a household can occupy more than one building/structure, in that
case, these structures are all considered as one dwelling unit for the purpose of this survey. On the
other hand, households can occupy only part of the buildings/structure; in that case, that building/
structure becomes the Dwelling unit for all households within it. Buildings/structures can be classified into
dwelling units, living quarters other than dwelling units (institutions) and non-dwelling units.
The DU number will not be found on the map, therefore the approach is that on a standalone erf capture
only one dwelling unit and the backyard shacks and outside rooms will be captured as households within
the dwelling units. The only instance that one is allowed to capture more DU’s in a structure is if you
are capturing or interviewing a flat complex, here each unit in the complex will be recorded as Dwelling
Unit. The enumerator will write on to the questionnaire the number of Dwellings found at a structure.
Instruction
• Allocate 4- unique digit numbers to each dwelling unit in the
structure you are working in, starting with the number 0001 for the 1st
dwelling unit, 0002 for the second and so on until you have completed all
dwellings in the structure (Flat complex).
• Note that for new structures, all DU numbers will be auto generated
in CAPI, the first DU under the new structure will be allocated a 4-digit
code of 0001, the second DU will be allocated 0002 and so on.
• Write the DU number on the questionnaire.
Column 5: HOUSEHOLD NUMBER
Each enumerator will allocate a three (3) unique digit number to each household he/she will
interview. This three-digit numbers will uniquely identify each household from another household. Two
households cannot be assigned the same household number in the same dwelling unit during
enumeration.
Instruction
• Allocate 3-digit unique number to each household in your DU,
starting with the number 001 for the 1st household, 002 for the
second and so on until you have completed the enumeration in one
DU.
• Note that for households within new structures, household
numbers will be auto generated in CAPI, the first household under
the new structure will be allocated a 3-digit code of 001, the second
household will be allocated 002 and so on.
Note: Household numbers should only be assigned during the interview, and not pre- assigned
29

Column 6: ADDRESS/PHYSICAL ADRESS OF THE HOUSEHOLD/INSTITUTION/SPECIAL POPULATION GROUP
- What is the address/physical address of the household/institution/special population group?
A physical location is an area, where a structure or group of structures are located, e.g. Street name and
erf number or apartment/complex name for urban structures and name of settlement/localities, farms
for rural areas or any other information which will help to identify the household on the ground.
Instruction
• Record/Write the physical location of the household/institution/
special population group.
• In Urban EA’s: Write the Erf, Flat or Unit number, street name and
location.
• In Rural EA’s: Write name of settlement/localities, ‘farms or any
other information which will help to
• identify the household on the ground.
Column 7: NAME OF HEAD/ACTING HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD/INSTITUTION/SPECIAL POPULATION GROUP -

What is the name of the Head/Acting Head of the Household/Institution/special population group?
The head of household is a person of either sex (male or female), who is looked upon by other members
of the household as their leader or main decision-maker. Furthermore, the head/acting head should be
12 years or above.
Instruction
• Write/record the name and the surname of the head/acting head of
the household/institution/place.
Column 8: OTHER NAME OF HEAD/ACTING HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD - What is the well-known/common

name of the Head/Acting Head of the Household?
Instruction
• Record the other name that the head is affectionately known in the area so that
it is easy to locate the household/institution/place.
Column 9: CONTACT NUMBER OF HEAD/ACTING OF HOUSEHOLD/INSTITUTION/SPECIAL

POPULATION GROUP - What is the Head/Acting Head of the Household’s contact number/Institution/
special population group?
Instruction
• Record/Write the telephone/mobile number of one of the members of the household,
preferable the head of the household.
• If the household does not have a contact number, use a number that the household uses to
communicate with e.g. From the neighbour.
• Verify that the number given to you by the respondent is complete. e.g. most cellphone
numbers usually consist of 10 digits.
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Column 10: SEX OF HEAD/ACTING HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD - Is head/Acting Head of household Male or
Female/Institution/Special Population Group?
Instruction
Record/Write the sex of the head/acting head (male or female).
Column 11: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS/PERSONS IN INSTITUTION/SPECIAL POPULATION GROUP

How many members/persons are part of the household/Institution/ Special Population Group?
Instruction
List all the usual household members/persons that belong to the household/
institution you are listing. (N.B. refer to the definition of the usual household
member).
Column 12: COMMENT – If you would like to put a comment about the household/institution/special
population group you are currently listing.
Column 13: Listing Response Codes:

• No contact, will return: (0)- Not yet made contact with the respondent/institution. This code
remains unchanged during the call back period, until a positive response is made or until the
end of the census period. This code should not appear as a final response code after the EA is
completed.
• Contact for interview: (1)- The Enumerator has made contact with the household/institution
and enumeration will take place.
• Contact no interview, special case: (2) - The Enumerator has made contact with the household/
institution but could not collect the data because a responsible adult/person was not at home/
institution at the time or the individuals had some difficulties in answering the questions e.g.
person with hearing impairment etc.
• Refusal: (3) – Household/institution refused to participate.
• Non-contact: Temporarily out: (4)– The Dwelling Unit (DU)/institution is occupied but no one
could be contacted. This code remains unchanged during the call back period, until a positive
response is made or until the end of the listing period.
• Non-contact: Moved out/vacant/unoccupied/under-construction: (5) – The DU/institution is not
occupied during the listing period. This includes unoccupied new structures, under construction,
vacant DUs/institutions where the occupants have left.
• Non-Accessible (6) – The DU/institution is not accessible. This could be due to gates of the DUs/
farm/institution locked or natural disasters (flood, wild fire etc) or difficult terrains (damage roads
or no roads).
• Demolished, non-existent (7): A structure deemed demolished or non-existent is a structure that
was digitized at the NSA office but upon the listing period, the enumerator finds the structure
to be completely destroyed/partly destroyed, dismantled or wrecked. A non-existent structure on
the other hand is a structure that was digitized by the NSA office but not found at all during the
listing period.
• Disregard (8): Any structure that was digitized by the NSA office but upon the listing period, the
structure is found not to be a dwelling unit/an excess structure to the existing dwelling unit or a
place where households live e.g. an anthill, tree, car wreck, chicken coop etc.
31

The listing codes (2-8) should only be selected when the enumerator has exhausted all efforts to
list the household/institution. Refer to the Field Operations Manual for more information on the
procedures to follow.
Concluding remarks: We have come to an end of our interview. I would like to thank you for availing
your time to answer the questions. Please, be reminded that I will again return for the full interview
after the Census Reference Night (24th September 2023) when the actual enumeration begins.
Note: While proceeding you will find some printed numbers which cannot be attached to a DU/
Structure on the ground. After verifying this you need to check with the neighbouring households
whether there was a DU/structure at that point before and whether was it demolished. If it was
demolished or removed for any other reasons, take coordinates, select demolished, and give
comments in CAPI.
• In some instances, you may find a new development as well as new features within the EA,
which are not shown on the map. You may also find new DU/structures without a number
allocated to them. In such situations, the coordinates of the new DU/structure are captured
and a new number is allocated automatically by CAPI.
• Visit all buildings and structures found within the EA whatever the type may be. Even the
uncompleted structures should be checked. Check whether these structures are occupied
and whether they are DUs, non-DUs or institutions. In each of these structures whether DU,
non-DU or institutions check for private households according to the definitions.
This instruction should be strictly followed irrespective of what was found on the map.
In the case of non-dwelling units and institutions, you should meet a responsible officer of the non-DU/
institution and ask whether there are any private households (using the household definition) living in
them apart from the institutional population. Such private households within the non-Du/institutions
should also be listed.
• Check how many households are living in the dwelling unit/structure according to the definition
of the household. Each household should be listed separately in its own row in the listing form/
tablet. Sometimes one household may be occupying more than one structure. In such instances
keep in mind that you are listing the households and not the structures/dwelling units
and hence you should list this as one household.
• If the structure is closed at the time of your first visit, then you need to check again until the last
day of listing whether it is occupied or not and whether the household is temporarily absent or
is not occupied at all. If it is not occupied at all then take coordinates and give a relevant
response code. This information may be obtained from the neighbours or responsible persons
of the area such as headmen in rural communal areas, commercial farmer or farm manager in
commercial farming areas, community leaders in urban informal areas. In the case of urban
formal areas of larger municipalities or towns it may be a bit difficult to get this information
from neighbours. You may need to approach the councillor or the municipality/town office
to get this confirmation.
32

CHAPTER 5: LISTING AND ENUMERATION OF HOUSEHOLDS/INSTITUTIONS/
SPECIAL POPULATION GROUPS (using the tablet)
5.1 How to handle tile packages for big EAs
The process of listing and interview requires tile packages to be loaded on to the tablet. Some tile
packages are too big for the CAPI Application to read as it is limited to 2gb per tile package, as a result, the
steps below explain in detail how to handle it.
The Main Folder contains the tile package for the

EA. The folder name is the region, constituency,
urban or rural and EA number.
After opening the main folder, you will see the sub
folders containing the split tile package for the
current EA. The 1 of 2 folder contains one of the
tile package that was split, and the 2 of 2 folder
contains the other tile package.
Once the folder 1 of 2 is opened, the tile +
package (0310041) can be seen. Inside the Split Tile
Folder, each split is named with the original EA
number format for the application, therefore the
enumerator only needs to copy and paste.
The picture on the right shows the second sub
folder 2 of 2 containing the second split tile
package.
When copying the tile package to the tablet, follow
the folder path below.
Path:
Android\data\gov.census.cspro.csentry\files\
csentry\Deploy-Namibia-Census\tile packages
33

5.2. Introduction to CAPI
CAPI stands for Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing, while CSPRO stands for
Census and Survey Processing System. CSPRO is a public domain software tool used
for processing census and survey data, and CSEntry refers to a software tool that
collects data for Census and surveys.
CSEntry is used primarily to collect data from the field in place of a traditional paper questionnaire.
5.3 Basic CAPI Elements
The picture on the right shows the CSEntry icon on

the tablet. The enumerator or supervisor will tap
on the icon to start the 2023 Census Population
and Housing Census application.
The Text Box function, allows you to type text
characters.
If the keyboard does not appear automatically, click
on the text field, and the keyboard will appear.
The Numeric Text Box function, allows you to type

numbers only.
34

The Blue text shows information that has already
been entered for an individual such as, a person’s
name or age.
The Green text that is also known as the help

text, refers to an instruction or guide for the
enumerator.
NB: The help text is not to be read out to the

respondent.
The Black text shows the question text and the

description text.
NB: The question text is to be read out to the

respondent.
The Error Message function, shows you a pop up

window when validation is needed on the question
being answered.
Hard check, refers to a check that will not allow

you to proceed to the next question until the
answer as per specifications is correct.
Soft check, refers to a check that will allow you
to proceed to the next question after you have
verified the answer as per specifications is correct.
35

The Module name function, allows you
to see the name of the module your busy
with.
The Search icon function, allows you to

type and filter responses.
The right navigation function, allows

you to move back in the data entry
application.
The left navigation function, allows you

to proceed in the data entry application.
NB: Alternatively, swipe left or right to

move backwards or forwards.
The More option icon function, allows

you to select a sub menu drop-down for
additional options.
36

The Radio Button function, allows you to
select one response, by clicking on the
response label, or the corresponding radio
button to make your selection.
NB: A user can only select one option.
The Combo Box function, allows you to either

enter a value within the defined range (as in
a text box field), or choose a discrete value.
To bring up the discrete values, click on the
button to the right of the text field.
5.4 Supervisor Functions
The Login function, allows

a user to gain access to the
application by entering the staff code and
staff pin.
37

The Update Programs function, allows
users to update if there are any changes
made on the application.
The login code function, allows you to

enter a unique staff code in the text box.
The unique staff code is

provided by the ITFT.
The Validate PIN function,

allows you to enter the staff pin in the
textbox.
The staff pin is provided by the ITFT.
38

The Assignment Selection function, allows
you to manage the different
enumeration areas.
The list of EAs assigned to the
supervisor will be displayed.
The Assignments will contain the Region,
Constituency and the last 3 digits of the EA
number.
The View map function, allows

the TS to view the map on the tile
package for the selected EA.
NB: When you are viewing your tile

package for the first time, you will need
internet connection.
39

The picture on the right is an
example of the view map function
showing the tile package of the EA.
The progress report function, shows

the progress status of the conducted
interviews in the selected EA for all the
enumerators.
The picture on the right is an

example of the progress report.
40

The Sync with Enumerator function, allows
the TS to transfer the data/files with the
enumerators.
The Sync with Head Quarters

function, enables the TS to transfer the data/
files to HQ.
41

The Manage Assignments function,
enables the TS to select the option to
manage the current EA which is 066 in this
example.
The Select Enumerator function, shows

the list of enumerators assigned to the TS.
The TS selects the enumerator that they
wish to assign the EA.
NB: all the enumerators assigned to the

TS will be listed.
1. Allows the TS to assign an EA to
the enumerator.
2. Allows the TS to delete/ reassign
an EA from the enumerator.
The Add Assignment function, allows the

TS to add an assignment to the selected
enumerator
42

NB: The EA that is still to be assigned will
have a status of unassigned as seen in the
picture.
The picture on the right shows the TS

confirming an assignment to the selected
enumerator.
The View passwords function allows the

supervisor to view the passwords of the
enumerators assigned to them.
43

The picture on the right shows the
Enumerator EN 04 selected.
The picture on the right shows the

selected enumerator’s staff code, name and
pin.
The Lock/Unlock interviews function,

allows the supervisor to unlock interviews.
This is done on the enumerators tablet, by
logging into the enumerators tablet with the
supervisor staff code and pin.
44

The picture on the right is showing what
happens when the Lock/Unlock interviews
is selected, and once yes is selected, all
interviews will be unlocked on the
enumerators tablet. After Listing the TS
unlock all interviews for the Enumerator to start
with the interview.
The Switch user function takes the user

out of the application and back to the login
screen.
45

5.5 Listing functions for the enumerators
The assignment Selection function,

allows the enumerator to display the list of all
EA’s assigned to them.
The view map function allows the

enumerator to access the map.
1. First you have to view the map,

to see if you are within the EA
boundary and at the right
structure number.
NB: you are not to enumerate the

household outside the EA
The picture on the right shows the map of

the EA the enumerator is assigned to with
the blue location.
1. The yellow dotted line represents

the boundaries of your EA.
2. Location button at the bottom
right corner activates your
current location.
3. The blue location pointer
represents your position in the
EA.
46

The Listing Interview function,allows the
enumerator to start the listing interview.
The Listing Form Type function,

allows the enumerator to select either
the households, institutions or special
population groups for the purpose of
listing.
The Listing Structure function, allows

the enumerator to start the process of
adding an existing or new mapping
structure number.
The Locality function, allows you to

add (write) a locality name, e.g.Eros,
Khomasdal extension 11, Otjomuise 3,
Katutura etc.
The Physical Address function, allows you

to add (write) a physical address name, e.g.
independence avenue street, erf 123 etc.
47

Map Structure Exists
1. For existing mapping structures, you

enter the number that is on the map.
2. For new mapping structures not
on map the application auto
generates the structure numbers
starting from 0801.
The Mapping Structure Number

function, allows you to write in the
number that appears on the map.
The Take structure GPS function, allows you

to open a GPS reading screen.
The GPS reading function, is a global

navigation satellite system that provides lo-
cation.
Below are the steps of taking the GPS:

1. Tap the Icon to capture GPS
2. On the bottom left corner, you will
see the longitude, latitude, accuracy.
3. Accuracy should be 5m or less.
The picture on the right is a pop

window after the GPS has been taken
successfully.
48

After taking the GPS readings of a
structure,
If Household was selected at the
listing form type function, then you will be
prompted to select the conventional households.
If Institution was selected at the listing form

type function, then you will select the
appropriate category from the list of the
institutions.
If Special Population was selected at the listing

form type function, then you will select the
appropriate category from the list of the special
population groups.
Introduction
Before selecting the begin listing
function, you should introduce yourself to the
respondent using the text in the picture on the
right.
49

Pre-Interview response code
Once you have selected the begin

listing function, you will be prompted to
select the pre-interview response codes as
appropriate.
NB: Refer to the section 4.1 of chapter 4 for

more information on the response definitions.
Once you have finished answering all the listing

questions, the enumerator can either select:
1. The Completed function, which allows

you to complete the listing form, or
2. The Review listing function, which allows
you to review or modify the answers of
the respondent.
50

5.6 Map Icons during listing phase
Depending on the pre-interview response code selected, the following icons will be displayed on
the map and the list on the view map function.
Blue paper icon shows that the enumerator made

contact and listing is completed.
The picture on the right shows the highlighted

responses that will have a Blue paper icon once
the listing interview is completed.
The picture on the right shows an example of a

complete listed structure from the highlighted
responses from the picture above.
Red paper icon shows that the enumerator

visited the structure and did not make contact. The
enumerator will be expected to return to that
structure during listing.
NB: This is not a final response and by the last day

of listing, no structure should have the Red paper
icon on the map.
51

response that will have a Red paper icon once the
listing interview is completed.
The picture on the right shows an example of a no

contact will return structure on the map and list.
Red hand icon shows that the enumerator visited

the structure and there was a refusal.

response that will have a Red hand icon once the
listing interview is completed.
52

complete listed refusal structure on the map and
list.
Yellow tick icon shows that the enumerator

visited a demolished structure.

response code that will have a Yellow tick icon
once the listing interview is completed.

complete listed demolished structure on the map
and list.
Purple tick icon shows that the enumerator visit-

ed a disregarded structure.
53

The picture on the right shows the highlighted re-
sponse code that will have a Purple tick icon once
the listing interview is completed.

complete listed disregard structure on the map
and list.
Orange hourglass shows that the enumerator

made contact for interview but did not complete
the listing interview (Partial save).

partial listed structure on the map and list.
54

5.7. Interview functions for the enumerators
After the listing period have lapsed, the Lock/

Unlock interviews function, allows the
supervisor to unlock interviews. This is done on the
enumerators tablet, by logging into the
enumerators tablet with the supervisor staff code
and pin.
The picture on the right is showing what happens

when the Lock/Unlock interviews is selected, and
once yes is selected, all interviews will be unlocked
on the enumerators tablet. After Listing the TS
unlock all interviews for the Enumerator to start
with the interview.
55

How to start an interview.
There are 2 ways of starting an interview:
One way requires the enumerator to use
the view map function, and the other way is
selecting the appropriate form type on the
enumerator menu.
NB: Please note that the supervisor must have

unlocked the interviews for all form types, in
order for you to start with your interviews.
Clicking on the structure via the view map

function.
Once you click on the structure icon, a

rectangular label with the structure number
will pop up. Click on that rectangular label
to open the enumerator menu to start the
interview of the selected structure.
1. Select Yes to open the structure and start .

the interview.
2. Select No to cancel and revert back to
the map.
The second way to access interviews, is on

the Enumerator Menu. You can select the
Household interview (Form A), Institution
interview(Form B), or Special Population
interview(Form C) function, to start the inter-
views.
56

Enumerator Menu (Form A)
The interview household function starts the

interview for Form A (Household)
The Select Dwelling function shows the Dwelling

that is listed in the structure.
NB: all DU’s that are added to a structure during

listing will be listed below.
DU and HH numbers are auto generated by the
system.
If its flats, start from small to big (ascending order).
e.g.Unit 1,2,… will display Dwelling: 1,2,…
respectively.
The Select Household function,
shows the Households that were listed in the
structure during listing.
The Household members (Roster) function, allows

the enumerator to start the roster.
NB: The Household members function, when

selected for the first time, the enumerator will
have to start the household roster. However, upon
completion of the roster, they will have to select this
option for the second time to start the individual
interview of the household members that were
listed in the roster.
57

The Start household roster function, allows
the enumerator to list all the members of that
household starting with the head of household.
These are the Pre-interview response codes for

the household status.
NB: Refer to the section 7.4 of chapter 7 for more

information on the response definitions
The Add additional Person function, allows you

to add another person to the roster or accept the
case.
Yes, add another person option allows you to add

another person.
The No, end option, allows you to accept the

case.
After you have completed the roster

interview, you will be prompted with an Accept
Case window.
If you select yes, a case is accepted and saved.
If you select no, the case will not be accepted and

saved.
58

Household members (Individual)
After listing the members of the household in the
roster, select Household members function to
start the individual interviews.
After selecting the Household member function,

you will see the list of all the names of the individ-
uals listed for that household (Roster).
Select the name of the household member that’s
available for interview.
NB: The application is flexible, and it allows you to

start the interview of any member in the roster.
After you have completed the individual
interview, you will be prompted with an Accept Case
window.
If you select yes, a case is accepted and saved.
If you select no, the case will not be accepted and

saved.
The Housing characteristics function, allows you
to start the mortality and housing interview.
The Interview Conclusion function:
1. The Completed function allows you to save

the housing and characteristics case.
2. The Review mortality section function takes
you to the mortality section for review.
3. The Review dwelling characteristics section
function takes you to the housing and
characteristics section for review.
59

After you have completed the
Housing characteristics interview, you will
be prompted with an Accept Case window.
If you select yes, a case is accepted and

saved.
If you select no, the case will not be

accepted and saved.
Enumerator Menu (Form B)
The interview Institution function allows
you to start the interview for Form B
(Institution)
Interview Conclusion
Once you have finished answering all the

Institution (Form B) questions, the
enumerator can either select:
1. The Completed function, which
allows you to complete the
Institution form, or
2. The Review population section
function, which allows you to review
or modify the answers of the
respondent.
After you have completed the institution
interview, you will be prompted with an
Accept Case window.

saved.

accepted and saved.
60

Enumerator Menu (Form C)
The interview Special Population function
allows you to start the interview for Form C
(Special Population).
Once you have finished answering all

the Special Population Group (Form C)
questions, the enumerator can either
select:
1. The Completed function, which

allows you to complete the
Institution form, or
2. The Review population section
function, which allows you to review
or modify the answers of the
respondent.
After you have completed the special
population interview, you will be prompted
with an Accept Case window.

saved.

accepted and saved.
61

5.8 Map Icons during interview phase
Orange hourglass shows that the enumerator

made contact for interview and did not complete
the interview (partial save) or no contact will
return was selected.
NB: No contact, will return and a partial save case

shows an hour glass.
partial saved structure on the map and list.
Green tick icon shows that the enumerator made

contact and the interview is completed.
NB: For interview phase, the green tick icon

(completed) will apply to all response codes
except for no contact, will return.
The picture on the right shows an example of
completed structure on the map and list.
62

5.9 Steps on how to modify in different forms.
Listing form
At Listing Structure, the enumerator can add

or modify structures.
1. The Add structure function allows you

to list structures.
2. The structure (any assigned structure
number, e.g.,0055) function allows you
to select a listed structure to modify an
existing structure.
At Map Structure Exists, the enumerator can
modify existing structures.
1. The Modify Mapping Structure

Number function allows you to modify
an existing structurer number.
2. The Continue function allows you to
add a dwelling unit and households to
an existing structure.
At Listing GPS, you can update or Skip GPS
readings.
1. The Update structure GPS function

allows you to re-take the GPS reading that
will overwrite the previously captured GPS
reading.
2. The Skip structure GPS function allows
you to maintain the previously captured
GPS reading.
63

At Listing Dwelling, you can add or select a
dwelling to list.
1. The Add new dwelling function allows you to

add a new dwelling unit within the structure.
2. The Select dwelling unit (any assigned
dwelling unit number, e.g.,0001) function
allows you to edit an existing dwelling unit
within the structure
At Listing Household, you can add or select an

existing household.
1. The Add new household function allows you

to add a new household within the
structure.
2. The listed Households will appear as a list.
e.g., 1(Theodensia Nakale).
On the top right corner of the image on the right,
there are three dots (also known as options menu)
highlighted in red.
Press the options menu, and a dropdown menu

will be displayed, as shown below.
After you have finished modifying any section of

the listing form, you can select the Advance to End
to move to the end of the listing questionnaire and
select complete to save the changes and case.
NB: When modifying a case and press exit without

completing and accepting case, this will result in
the loss of data.
To avoid the loss of data, transmit the data before

modifying cases.
64

Interview forms
The Edit household roster function allows you

to modify or add a household member into the
roster.
Select Household Member, allows you to select

any household member displayed to modify the
individual records.
1. The case tree displays all fields that have

been entered in the data entry application
showing the field label as well as the field
response. If you click on a field, you will be
taken to that field. This allows you to
quickly move from one part of the
questionnaire to another and modify
any field.
2. The dropdown allows you to expand the
fields in the different forms.
3. The fields highlighted in green colour is an
example of expanded dropdown.
65

The Interview Conclusion function:
1. The Review mortality section option

takes you to the mortality section for
review and modification.
2. The Review dwelling characteristics
section optiontakes you to the housing
characteristics section for review and
modification.
Once you have finished interveiwingall the

Institution (Form B) or Special Population
Group (Form C) questions, you can select:
1. The Review population section option,

which allows you to review and modify
the answers of the respondent.
66

CHAPTER 6: DATA TRANSMISSION
The data transfer between the Team Supervisor and the Enumerator will be done over a local peer to
peer Bluetooth network on the tablet. The enumerator’s tablet will create a Blue-tooth connection which
Supervisors’ tablet will connect to.
The enumerator selects “Connect to Supervisor” from the data entry program on his/her tablet and then
the supervisor selects “Connect to enumerator” from the data entry program on his/her tablet. During
this process the enumerator’s data files are transferred to supervisor and updates are received for the
application.
The data transfer between the Team Supervisor and the headquarter will be done via internet. The Team
Supervisor selects “Sync with Headquarter” from the data entry program on his/her tablet. During the
process of synchronization to headquarters the data files are transferred to headquarters and updates
are received for the application.
The following diagram shows the data transmission process:
67

6.1 Steps for data transmission between the TS and enumerator
1. TS selects the sync with

enumerator function.
2. Enumerator selects the sync

with supervisor function
3. TS tablet act as a receiver and

wait for the Bluetooth
connection by enumerator.
68

4. Enumerator tablet starts the Bluetooth
connection to connect with the
supervisor tablet.
5. The CSEntry application will prompt

the TS to allow the tablet to be visible
to other devices, Select Allow to
continue.
6. The CSEntry application will ask the

enumerator to select a device to SYNC
with.
NB: Know the name of the TS device you are

connecting to.
7. The CSEntry application will prompt

the enumerator’s tablet to pair the
passkey for Bluetooth pairing, in order
to connect to the TS tablet, so the
enumerator select OK to pair.
69

8. Once the pairing is done, then the two
devices will start transmitting data from
the enumerator to the Supervisor tablet.
A pop up window showing data in
transmission will appear.
9. Once the data transmission is complete

without any errors an information
window will pop up confirming that all
files are synchronized correctly.
6.2 Steps for data transmission between the TS and headquarter
1. The TS should make sure the mobile data is

turned on or the tablet is connected to Wi-Fi
since this process will require internet
connection.
NB: Consult your ITFT in case you are not able

to connect to internet via mobile data or Wi-Fi.
70

2. On the supervisor menu the
supervisor should select Sync
with headquarters
3. When the supervisor Sync to

headquarters for the first time
a pop up window for the login
will appear.
NB: ITFT will provide you with the

login credentials
4. Once a connection has been
established, the application will
start synchronizing with the
server and it will show the files
being transferred to the server.
5. Once the sync process is success
fully completed, an information
window will pop up confirming
that all files are synced correctly.
71

CHAPTER 7: CENSUS INSTRUMENT (QUESTIONNAIRE) AND CODING
OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
7.1 Introduction
This chapter introduces the different questionnaires to be used during the enumeration process.
Furthermore, a list of common institutions found within the borders of Namibia are listed. Conventional
households will be enumerated using Form a while Institutions and Special population groups will be
enumerated using Form B and Form C respectively.
The chapter also provides information on how to correctly code enumerated households, institutions and
special population groups.
7.2 Enumeration of Conventional Households
All conventional households (private households) including those found within the premises of
institutions should be enumerated as conventional households using Form A.
7.3 Enumeration of Residential Institutions
Institutions will be enumerated using Form B.
Institutions to be enumerated using Form B include:

a) Boarding schools, tertiary education hostels
b) Convents/ seminaries hostels/ monasteries
c) Diplomats
d) Employment hostels
e) Military/army barracks
f) Nurse’s homes/hostels
g) Orphanage shelters
h) Police colleges/mobile units
i) Refugee camps
j) Relocation camps
k) Safe homes/shelters
l) Others specify
Note: The enumeration procedures for various institutions are discussed in the Field Operations
Manual.
72

7.4 Enumeration of special population groups
Special population groups will be enumerated using Form C. These include:
a) Homeless
b) Hospital in-patients
c) Hotels/Lodges/Guesthouses
d) Maternity waiting shelters
e) Old age homes
f) Police Holding cells
g) Prisons
h) Rehabilitation Centers
i) Sea workers (Off-shore)
j) Temporary waiting shelters
k) Travelers

Issue all travelers enumerated at the check points with enumeration cards to show that they were
enumerated on the road.
Note: The enumeration procedures for various special population groups are discussed in the
Field Operations Manual.
7.5 Coding Interviews and Non-Interviews results
The following codes should be followed during the process of collecting information from households.
Pre interview codes and final interview codes.
• In some cases, the household will not be willing to answer some of the questions during the inter
view or some sections will be skipped/ended or when the interview has already begun
but for some reason no longer want to continue. Should this happen, the interview conclusion
will be partially completed.
• This should not be confused with cases where households refuse to be interviewed totally,
households have moved, or the dwelling unit is no longer occupied or non-existent. In this case,
the coding will be as per as the Pre interview codes (2-8) at the beginning of the CAPI Application.
a) Pre-interview codes:
• No contact, will return: (0)- Not yet made contact with the respondent/institution. This code
remains unchanged during the call back period, until a positive response is made or until the
end of the census period. This code should not appear as a final response code after the EA is
completed.
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• Contact for interview: (1)- The Enumerator has made contact with the household/
institution and enumeration will take place.
• Contact no interview, special case: (2) - The Enumerator has made contact with the
household/institution but could not collect the data because a responsible adult/person
was not at home/institution at the time or the individuals had some difficulties in
answering the questions etc.
• Refusal: (3) – Household/institution refused to participate.
• Non-contact: Temporarily out: (4)– The Dwelling Unit (DU)/institution is occupied but no
one could be contacted. This code remains unchanged during the call back period, until a
positive response is made or until the end of the enumeration phase.
• Non-contact: Moved out/vacant/unoccupied/under-construction: (5) – The DU/
institution is not occupied during the enumeration phase . This includes
unoccupied new structures, under construction, vacant DUs/institutions where the
occupants have left.
• Non-Accessible (6) – The DU/institution is not accessible. This could be due to gates of the
DUs/farm/institution locked or natural disasters (flood, wild fire etc) or difficult terrains
(damage roads or no roads).
• Demolished, non-existent (7): A structure deemed demolished or non-existent is a
structure that was digitized at the NSA office but upon the enumeration phase the
enumerator finds the structure to be completely destroyed/partly destroyed,
dismantled, or wrecked. A non-existent structure on the other hand is a structure
that was digitized by the NSA office but not found at all during the enumeration phase.
• Disregard (8): Any structure that was digitized by the NSA office but upon the enumeration
phase, the structure is found not to be a dwelling unit or a place where households live.
Note: The pre interview codes above (2-8) should only be selected when the enumerator
has exhausted all efforts to interview the household. Refer to field operation manual for
more information on the procedures to follow.
(b) Interview conclusion for fully completed households
Use the code below to finalize all interviewed households within your EA when you have
managed to obtain all information from respondents. You will also be provided with an
opportunity to review some of the sections should you wish to change some information after an
interview has been fully completed.
• Completed: This category means full participation by the household and includes
information for all household members in all relevant parts of the questionnaire. Once
selected in CAPI, this option saves all collected data and ends the interview for the
specific household.
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Note: If the enumerator wish to review the roster and the individual sections use the case tree in CAPI
Application.
(c) Final response codes for Partially Completed households
Recall that partially completed interview conclusion applies when certain parts of the questionnaire are
completed, while others are not, despite your best efforts to get responses from the respondent. The
options apply when the interview has been partially saved- and interview can no longer continue.
Note: The Partial Save Button will be demonstrated during the CAPI Menu presentation
75

CHAPTER 8: INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE QUESTIONNAIRE
8.1 Introduction
This chapter provides the steps on how to complete the questionnaires. The 2023 census has three types
of forms namely form A, form B and form C as described in chapter 7.
8.2 Different sections of the questionnaires
Form A is the main 2023 PHC questionnaire that will be administered in CAPI to all households or PAPI
when necessary. The questionnaires has the following sections:
• Section A: Identification section of the household

• Section B: Information on all members of the household
• Section C: Early Childhood Development - for children aged 0 to 5 years
• Section D: Education - for persons aged 6 years and above
• Section E: Labour Force - for all household members aged 15 years and above
• Section F: Fertility - for all women aged 12 - 54 years
• Section G: Mortality/Deaths in the household in the last 12 months
• Section H: Housing Characteristics for each household
A complete questionnaire has all sections with information that applies to that household. The
enumerator should complete a separate questionnaire for each household.
8.3 Section A: Identification
Before beginning an interview, fill in the identification part of the questionnaire in section A. The infor-
mation to be filled in this section is for the identification of each household/institution. Some information
on this section such as Region code, Constituency code, EA code, Urban/Rural code as well as Dwelling
Unit number will be provided to you by your supervisor and also be indicated on your EA map. Moreover,
some of the identification information will be prefilled in the CAPI application.
8.3.1 Region name and code

There are fourteen (14) regions, each region is allocated a two-digit code, ranging from 01 for !Karas to 14
for Zambezi region. The EA number on the map will be used as demonstrated in subsection 8.1.4. These
codes will be used throughout in this manual.
Instruction
Write/record the name and the appropriate two-digit code for that region
in the space provided from the enumeration area (EA) map, e.g. Region:
Khomas and Code: 06 for Khomas region.
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8.3.2 Constituency name and code
The number of constituencies ranges from 01 – 12 within a region.
Instruction
Write/record the name and the appropriate two-digit code
for the constituency from the EA-map in the space provided,
e.g. Constituency: John Pandeni and Code: 01 for John
Pandeni Constituency.
8.3.3 Urban (U)/Rural(R) code
The classification whether an EA is Urban or Rural is on the EA-map. A two-digit code is assigned to these
classification as follows 01 for Urban, 99 for Rural.
Instruction
Write/Record the two-digit code representing an urban or
rural as given on the EA map.
8.3.4 Enumeration Area (EA) code
The EA code is the last three (3) digits in the unique identifier (EA number).
Instruction
• Write/Record the appropriate 3-digit code as provided
by your supervisor.
• The code can also be found as the last three digits of
the EA number from the EA map given to you.
8.3.5 Enumeration Area (EA) number
Every EA has been given a nine-digit code. This number is obtained from the printed EA map.
An example of a unique EA number in the map represents the following:
Region Constituency Type EA

Digit 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 9
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• 1st and 2nd digits represent the Region code
• 3rd and 4th digits represent the Constituency code
• 5th and 6th digits rural/ urban code
• 7th, 8th and 9th digits represent the EA code
E.g. 100201019 (EA Number) - Urban

E.g. 100299019 (EA Number) - Rural
10 Represent Omusati region
02 Represent Elim constituency
01 Represent urban in Elim constituency
99 Represent Rural in Elim constituency
019 Represent the 19th EA in Elim constituency
8.3.6 Locality (town, village, settlement)
For the purpose of the census, a locality is defined as a distinct population cluster in which people live and
which has a name or locally recognized status.
Instruction
• Write/record the name of the village/locality e.g. Okatope for
the village or Olympia in town.
• For urban areas, write down the name of the town
8.3.7 Structure Number

A structure refers to anything that is constructed or built from different interrelated parts with a fixed
location on the ground. The mapping structure number includes dwellings only identified by the NSA
office.
Mapping structure numbers will already be allocated to each structure in your enumeration area. This
will be clearly indicated on your EA map. It is important to read the EA map correctly.
Structures that are not appearing on the EA map will be regarded as ‘new structures‘ and will be allocated
new structure numbers which the enumerator will write on to the questionnaire and indicate with a cross
mark on the EA map.
.
Instruction
• All mapping structure numbers in an EA will have a 4-digit code, the
code will run from 0001, 0002, 0003 and so on.
• If the mapping structure number is 1 digit put 3 zeros before the
number, if 2 digits put 2 zero before the number and if 3 digits put 1
zero before the number.
• Copy/write or select the mapping structure number from the map
on the questionnaire.
• For new structures, numbers are auto generated by the CAPI
application. The first new structure number will start from 0801, the
second 0802 and so on.
• In case your tablet malfunctions, use PAPI questionnaire, but in-
form your supervisor at the first opportunity, but continue with
enumeration.
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8.3.8 Dwelling Unit Number
Dwelling unit is a building/structure where households live. It’s a place of residence occupied by one or
more households. Sometimes a household can occupy more than one building/structure, in that case,
these structures are all considered as one dwelling unit for the purpose of this survey. On the other hand,
households can occupy only part of the buildings/structure; in that case, that building/structure becomes
the Dwelling unit for all households within it. Buildings/structures can be classified into dwelling units,
living quarters other than dwelling units (institutions) and non-dwelling units.
The DU number will not be found on the map, therefore the approach is that on a standalone erf capture
only one dwelling unit and the backyard shacks and outside rooms will be captured as households within
the dwelling units. The only instance that one is allowed to capture more DU’s in a structure is if you are
capturing or interviewing a flat complex, here each unit in the complex will be recorded as Dwelling Unit.
The enumerator will write on to the questionnaire the number of Dwellings found at a structure.
Instruction
• Allocate unique 4-digit number to each dwelling unit in the
structure you are working in, starting with the number 0001 for
the 1st dwelling unit, 0002 for the second and so on until you
have completed all dwellings in the structure (Flat complex).
• Note that for new structures, all DU numbers will be auto
generated in CAPI, the first DU under the new structure will be
allocated a 4-digit code of 0001, the second DU will be
allocated 0002 and so on.
8.3.9 Household Number
Each enumerator will allocate a unique three (3) digit number to each household he/she will interview.
This three-digit numbers will uniquely distinguish each household from another household within a
DU. Two households cannot be assigned the same household number in the same dwelling unit during
enumeration.
Instruction
• In a PAPI questionnaire allocate a unique 3-digit number to
each household in your DU, starting with the number 001 for
the 1st household, 002 for the second and so on until you
have completed the enumeration in one DU.
• Note that for households within DU, household numbers will
be auto generated in CAPI, the first household under the DU
will be allocated a 3-digit code of 001, the second household
will be allocated 002 and so on.
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8.3.10 Date of Interview
It’s important to write/record the date when the interview started and ended as this will help in future
planning of census and surveys. The starting date is always at the beginning of the questionnaire and the
ending date is at the end of the questionnaire.
Instruction
Write/record the date (day and month) the interview started before you start
with interviews.
8.3.11 GPS Readings
Instructions
• You should make attempts, until the desired accuracy (5 metres) is obtained.
• If you have trouble obtaining sufficient GPS location, change your position until
you are able to do so.
• Remain as close to the structure as possible without any obstructions such as
trees, shades, tall buildings, inside the building, inside the vehicle etc.
• Ensure you are standing still while taking the GPS readings.
8.3.12 Physical location of the household
A physical location is an area, where a structure or group of structures are located, e.g. Street name and
erf number or apartment/complex name for urban structures and name of settlement/localities, farms
or any other information which will help to identify the household on the ground.
Instruction
• Record/Write the physical location of the household
• Record/Write the physical location of the household
In Urban Areas
• Record the Erf/House/Flat number first, followed by
the street name and the location
• If no number is visible, the enumerator should ask for
the Erf number and then the house number second
• If both the erf and house number are available,
enumerators should record the erf number only
Example
• Erf 459, Cocoa palm Street, Dorado Park, Windhoek
• Unit 11, Kingfisher Courts, Hochland Park, Windhoek
In Informal and Rural areas
• Enumerators should record the name of the
settlement/village, Farm name or any other
information that help identify the household on the
ground
Example
• Oshitenda, Havana or Omako Cattle Post, Omakange
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8.3.13 Telephone/Mobile number of the household
Instruction
• Record/Write the telephone/mobile number of one of the
members of the household, preferable the head of the
household.
• If the household does not have a contact number, use a
number that the household uses to communicate with e.g. From
the neighbour.
• The number given by the respondent should be verified to be
complete. e.g. most cellphone numbers usually consist of 10
digits.
8.3.14 Name of Head/ acting head of Household
The head of household is a person, of either sex (male or female), who is looked upon by other members
of the household as their leader or main decision-maker. The head/ acting head should only be recorded
in B2a if they have spent the CRN (24 September 2023) in that household. Furthermore, the head/acting
head should be 12 years or above.
Instruction
Write/record the name and the surname of the head/acting head of
the household.
8.3.15 Name of Primary Respondent for Household

The primary respondent is the most knowledgeable person who will respond on behalf of the household.
Instruction
• Write the name and surname of the main respondent of
household.
• Furthermore, the primary respondent should be 12 years or above.
Note: If there were two persons who helped you to complete the questionnaire, write down
the name of the person who responded to most of the questions on the questionnaire.
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8.3.16 Questionnaire number
If the household has more than 10 members, 2 or more questionnaires will be completed. Hence,
indicate the questionnaire number sequencing the number of questionnaires used. This applies
when using paper questionnaire.
Instruction
• Write/record the number of questionnaires used
for the Household/Institution. E.g. 1 of 1 if one
questionnaire was used for a household with
ten members.
• Write/record 1 of 2 on the first questionnaire
and 2 of 2 on the second questionnaire, if two
questionnaires were used for a household with more
than 10 members.
8.4 Completing the Institutions and Special Population Groups form (Form B and C)
8.4.1 Type of Institution Code for Form B
Form B is designed to enumerate populations found in residential institutions. The institutions include:
Type of Institution
• 201 Boarding school/ Tertiary education Hostels

• 202 Convents/ Seminaries hostels/ Monasteries
• 203 Diplomats
• 204 Employment hostels
• 205 Military/army barracks
• 206 Nurses Homes/hostels
• 207 Orphanage shelters
• 208 Police colleges/ Mobile units
• 209 Refugee Camps
• 210 Relocation camps
• 211 Safe homes/shelters
• 212 Other, specify
Instruction
• Write/record the code for the type of institution as indicated on the
cover page of the questionnaire (Form B) or select the appropriate
institution from the list in CAPI.
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8.4.2 Types of Special Population for Form C
Form C is designed to enumerate special population groups. These include special population groups
found in:
• 301 Homeless
• 302 Hospitals in-patients
• 303 Hotels, lodges, guesthouses
• 304 Maternity waiting shelters
• 305 Old age homes
• 306 Police holding cells
• 307 Prisons
• 308 Rehabilitation centers
• 309 Sea workers (offshore)
• 310 Temporary waiting shelters
• 311 Travelers
Instruction
• Write/record the code for the type of special population
group as indicated on the cover page of the questionnaire
(Form C) or select the appropriate special population group
from the list in CAPI.
Let’s test you understanding so far:
Quiz 1: Read the scenario below and answer the following questions.
Scenario 1
• Mr. Andima Kashimi works in Windhoek, five days prior to census, he went with work to Rosh
Pinah. While Mr. Kashimi was in Rosh Pinah, he visited a relative and stayed up until the curfew
hour before he could drive back to the guesthouse he was booked in.
• On his way back home, Traffic officers took him into custody for violating curfew resulting in him
spending the census reference night in police cells as he had no bail money. 2 days later he was
convicted to 2-year imprisonment for driving after curfew hours.
• Where will Mr. Kashimi be enumerated and in which form?
Scenario 2
Mr. Taamba Isaacks is 40 years old, he was born and lives at Ruacana, Oshiifo which is Gazetted and
popularly known as Omaulai in Omusati Region. He was married to Jane Shitembi who died in a car
accident 12 months ago. Mr. Isaacks was married for 6 years before his wife tragically passed on at the age
of 32 years. Mr. Isaacks decided to travel to the north to visit his mother after the census reference night.
What is Mr. Taamba Isaack’s Locality?
83

8.5 Section B: For all persons in the households/institutions/place (Special population)
Information in this section relates to all the members of the households/institutions/place.

The main purpose of this section is:
• To identify the household/institution members who spent the census reference night (CRN) in a
particular household/institution.
• To identify the background characteristics of all household/institutional members to determine
migration patterns.
• To assess Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) services and usage by eligible
members.
Always bear in mind that census covers all members of the household/institutions who were present
on the census reference night of 24 September 2023.
Remember:
A conventional household consists of one or
more persons, related or unrelated, who live
together in one (or part of one) or more than
one dwelling units and have common catering
arrangements (cook and eat together) and
answerable to one head.
On the other hand, institutions are sets of premises in a permanent structure or structures designed
to accommodate groups of persons who are bound by either a common public objective or a common
personal interest. Note that within institutions you can find private households and these households
should be enumerated as conventional households.
This section contains the following sub sections:
• The Roster
• Ethnicity
• Citizenship
• Type of Citizenship
• National documents (Birth certificate and ID)
• Migration
• Orphanhood
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• Social grants/pension
• Health and Functionality
• Albinism
• ICT
• Sport activities
8.5.1 Roster
The Roster collects information on the following:
B1: Person line number

B2: Name of each person
B3: Relationship
B4: Sex
B5: Age in Complete years
B6: Marital Status
B7: Age at First Marriage/ Consensual Union
8.5.1.1 Column B1 – Person Line Number
Person line numbers (two digits) must be written in column B1 for each person. This part of the
questionnaire is very important because it helps you (enumerator) to identify all persons in the HH and
transfer them correctly to other sections that are applicable to them in the whole questionnaire.
Note: The numbering should be continuous and systematic.
Instruction
• Write the person line number for the first person as 01, 02 for the
second person and so on….
• If more than ten (10) members, continue on the second
questionnaire with person line number 11, 12…20... (PAPI)
• If more than twenty (20) members, continue on the third
questionnaire with person line number 21, 22,…,30 etc.… (PAPI)
8.5.1.2 Column B2a: What are the names of all persons who spent the Census Reference Night (i.e. 24
September 2023) in this household/institution/place?
85

8.5.1.3 Column B2b: Apart from the listed names, are there any babies, small children, persons with
disability, visitors or elderly persons who spent the Census Reference Night (i.e. 24 September 202)3
in this household?
This question identifies the names of all persons who spent the Census Reference Night of 24 September
2023 in the household.
Instruction
• For Households, start with the head/acting head of household.
• The head or acting head is the person who is 12 years or older and is the main
decision-maker in the household. If people are equal decision makers, let the
members decide who should be considered as the head else take the oldest
person as the household head.
• List the names and surnames of all persons including those who were on night
shift (security guards, nurses, domestic workers etc.) and all members who
were absent overnight, for example working or attending events/ gatherings
(entertainment venue or at a religious gathering, attending funerals or weddings
etc.) must be included.
• For babies with no name, record “ Baby of (mother’s or father’s name)”.
• Do not forget to include babies, small children, older persons, persons with
disability and visitors who were present on the Census Reference Night. Visitors
in this context excludes those attending social events.
• Paid domestic workers who are part of the household should be included as
part of the households, however, do not include paid domestic workers that are
on day or night shifts and persons in collective living institutions, for example
boarding schools, retirement homes, hospitals, prisons, etc.
• Members who died after the Census Reference Night, must be counted as alive.
• Babies born before or on the CRN (midnight) should be counted , however, those
born after the CRN (after midnight), should be excluded from the household.
• Write both the first name and the surname in full for each person in the
household.
For example: Simon Kapolo (husband), Bertha Kapolo (head), Maphion Kapolo (son), Arne Kapolo
(daughter), Baby (newborn to Simon and Bertha), Joseph Hein (visitor), Anna Titus (domestic worker).
These will be listed as follows:
B1 B2a
001 Bertha Kapolo
002 Simon Kapolo
003 Maphion Kapolo
004 Arne Kapolo
005 Baby of Simon and Bertha
006 Joseph Hein
007 Anna Titus
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Always start with the head of the household whether or not he/she is the one responding to the ques-
tions. After the head, continue with other persons (usual members and visitors) who were present on the
Census Reference Night. The order of the listing should be as follows:
1) Head of household
2) Spouse (wife or husband),
3) Unmarried children, Married children, their spouses and children
4) Relatives of head/spouse
5) Non-relatives etc.
(a) In situations where a man has more than one wife list the first wife with her children, followed by the
second wife and her children, etc. in case they are one household.
(b) For babies who have not yet been named, write “Baby of (mother’s or father’s name)” in the space
for name provided .
(c) For persons who spent the CRN in the household and died afterwards and their names are not
allowed to be mentioned (Some traditions/Cultural beliefs), list them as deceased A, deceased B etc.
Note: The people to be listed are:
• Usual members of the household who were present on the Census Reference Night.
• Usual members and were traveling the entire night or were away and were not enumerated on the
road and coming back the next morning, for example those who spent the Census Reference Night
driving the animals between villages.
• Usual members who were at work during the Census Reference Night (shift work), e.g. security guards,
nurses, policemen, doctors etc.
• Usual members who spent the CRN elsewhere attending events/ gatherings such as funerals,
weddings etc.
• Visitors who were present on the Census Reference Night for reasons other than attendance of
events/ gatherings e.g. weddings and funerals.
• Those who were present on the CRN, but died after the CRN
• Baby born before the CRN.
Note: For institutions just make sure that everyone is listed. It is important that everybody is counted!
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8.5.1.4 Usual members of the household
Column B2c: Is [NAME] a usual member of this household?
Usual Member of the Household: Refers to persons who have been living in the household for 6 months
or more, or intend to stay in the household for the next 6 months.
The purpose of this question is to identify the names of all members of the household (present and
absent) who are usual residents.
8.5.1.5 Relationship to head of household
Column B3: What is [NAME]’s relationship to the head /acting head of household?
The purpose of this question is to collect information on the composition of the household. The aim is
to establish the household members’ relationship to the head /acting head of household. Note that the
head /acting head of the household MUST not be younger than 12 years of age.
Categories
01. Head/ acting Head

02. Spouse
03. Partner
04 Daughter/Son
05 Daughter-In-Law/ Son-In-Law
06. Grandchild
07 Parent
08 Parent-In-Law
09. Sister/ Brother
10. Sister-In-Law/ Brother-In-Law
11. Other Relative
12. Domestic Worker
13. Other Non-Relative
Instruction
• Write/Record the appropriate category for the relationship of
each member to the Head /acting head of Household.
• For households headed by children aged below 12 years confirm
the age with the respondent.
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B1 B2a B3
001 Bertha Kapolo Head
002 Simon Kapolo Spouse
003 Maphion Kapolo Son
004 Arne Kapolo Daughter
005 Baby of Simon Son
006 Joseph Hein Other non-relative
007 Anna Titus Domestic worker
Note: Adopted and stepchildren to the head/acting head of household/spouse will be recorded under
“Son/Daughter”. Nieces, nephews, will be included under “Other relative” category. In a situation where
several persons who are not related by blood or marriage constitute a household, code one of them as
head and the rest as “other non-relative”.
8.5.1.6 Sex
Column B4: Is [NAME] female or male?

This refers to the category in which a person is grouped in reference to their reproductive functions
Categories
1. Male
2. Female
Instruction
• Obtain information through observations, however, where the
interviewer is not sure of the sex of respondents’/ household
members, probe sex with caution.
• If the person is not present, avoid inferring the sex of the
person from names as there are names used by both sexes. Ask
the sex of that person who is not present.
• In the case of young children, you should not assume their sex
by their appearance, e.g. dressing code, haircut, etc.
• This question should never be left blank.
B1 B2a B3 B4
001 Bertha Kapolo Head Female
002 Simon Kapolo Spouse Male
003 Maphion Kapolo Son Male
004 Arne Kapolo Daughter Female
005 Baby of Simon Son Male
006 Joseph Hein Other non-relative Male
007 Anna Titus Domestic worker Male
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8.5.1.7 Age
Column B5: How old was [NAME] on his/her last birthday?
This question refers to the difference between date of birth and date of CRN, expressed in completed
years.
Useful Examples:
a) Remember age refers to age of the person as per last birthday before or on the CRN. For
example, a person who at his/her last birthday before the CRN was 30 years old and celebrated
his/her 31st birthday on the 24th of September 2023 then the age should be recorded as 31
years but not 30 years.
b) But a person who turned 31 years after the CRN should be recorded 30 years.
c) Be careful not to round ages up to the next birthday. For example, a child who is aged four years
and eleven months on the CRN should be recorded as “04” and not “05”.
Most people in Namibia either know their ages or dates of birth or have documents, which show
their dates of birth. If the respondent only remembers the year when he or she was born, use the Age
Conversion Table given below to calculate his or her age.
Instruction
• Persons aged less than one year should be coded 000
• Persons aged 120 years and above should be coded 120
• For age that is unknown, probe more to try to estimate the age
• If the respondent only remembers the year when he or she was born,
use the Age Conversion Table to calculate his or her age.
• If you have any doubts on the reported age, probe further. You can e.g.
use the ages of other persons in the household to estimate the age. This
is time consuming and sometimes tedious. But it is important to take
time to try to get the best possible information.
• A mother shall be at least 8 years older than her oldest child. If age of
the oldest child is not known, estimate age, such that the age difference
should be 8 years or more.
• In the past, the age of a person was estimated using a memorable event,
which happened during the time a person, was born. Most of the elderly
in rural areas still use this practice e.g. they will tell you that they were
born during the year of the big floods which caused the Kunene river to
overflow its banks.
• If all other efforts failed you may have to estimate the age as a last
resort.
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Age Conversion Table:
Year Age Year Age Year Age Year Age Year Age Year Age
1903 120 1923 100 1943 80 1963 60 1983 40 2003 20
1904 119 1924 99 1944 79 1963 59 1984 39 2004 19
1905 118 1925 98 1945 78 1965 58 1985 38 2005 18
1906 117 1926 97 1946 77 1966 57 1986 37 2006 17
1907 116 1927 96 1947 76 1967 56 1987 36 2007 16
1908 115 1928 95 1948 75 1968 55 1988 35 2008 15
1909 114 1929 94 1949 74 1969 54 1989 34 2009 14
1910 113 1930 93 1950 73 1970 53 1990 33 2010 13
1911 112 1931 92 1951 72 1971 52 1991 32 2011 12
1912 111 1932 91 1952 71 1972 51 1992 31 2012 11
1913 110 1933 90 1953 70 1973 50 1993 30 2013 10
1914 109 1934 89 1954 69 1974 49 1994 29 2014 9
1915 108 1935 88 1955 68 1975 48 1995 28 2015 8
1916 107 1936 87 1956 67 1976 47 1996 27 2016 7
1917 106 1937 86 1957 66 1977 46 1997 26 2017 6
1918 105 1938 85 1958 65 1978 45 1998 25 2018 5
1919 104 1939 84 1959 64 1979 44 1999 24 2019 4
1920 103 1940 83 1960 63 1980 43 2000 23 2020 3
1921 102 1941 82 1961 62 1981 42 2001 22 2021 2
1922 101 1942 81 1962 61 1982 41 2002 21 2022 1
2023 0
Note: The Age Conversion Table should be used with careful attention to actual birthday dates, i.e. The
person must have celebrated their birthday by the CRN.
8.5.1.8 Marital status
This section is applicable for persons aged 8 years and above and it refers to the marital status of the
person on the CRN.
Column B6: What is [NAME]’s marital status?
The purpose of this question is to provide information on family formation as rates of marriages are
sometimes associated with levels of fertility (births) and family formation. For example, delayed
marriages sometimes lead to low levels of fertility (births), when linked with other population
characteristics, it provides an input in the formulation of social policies relating to families.
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Categories
1 Never married: Never married strictly refers to persons who have never entered into any marital
union. “NEVER MARRIED” is not equivalent to “single” as the latter includes those who have never
married and those who have been married but are currently divorced/separated or widowed.
2 Married with certificate: For those who are married, you have to ask if there is a certificate of
marriage and record them as married with a certificate. The answer must be accepted as given by
the respondent. Accordingly, a person shall be classified “married with certificate” if currently
married under the legal system.
3 Married traditionally: For those who are married traditionally, i.e. only customary, record them
as married traditionally. Accordingly, a person shall be classified “married traditionally” if
currently married under the customs of the local area.
4 Consensual union: In Namibia, a person should be classified as being in a “consensual union” if
living together with a person of the opposite sex as husband and wife without any legal or
customary ceremony.
5 Divorced: These are persons who have gone through the legal/traditional procedures of ending
the marriage and they have legal document.
6 Widowed: These are persons whose spouses are no longer alive on the Census Reference Night.
7 Separated: These are persons who have not gone through the court or other formalities. They are
just separated but do or do not live together. However, they are legally still married.
9 Don’t Know: If the marital status of the respondent is not known, select “code 9”, however, the
use of this code is discouraged probe as much as possible.
Note: It is the respondent who must define their marital status. Your duty is to probe as much as
possible to establish the proper marital status of the respondents. But do not engage the respondent in an
argument about their marital status or challenge the legality thereof. Neither should you insist on seeing
the marriage certificate/documents.
Instruction
• Write/Select appropriate code
• If selected code 1 or 9 in B6, Go to B8
• If selected 2, 3, 4 5, 6 or 7 in B6, Go to B7
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8.5.1.9 Age at first Marriage/Consensual Union
Column B7: What was [NAME]’s age at first marriage/Consensual union?
This question tries to establish age at first marriage for those that are married (traditionally/customary,
with certificate); widowed, divorced and separated or first age entered into a consensual union.
Instruction
• Only applicable if coded 2,3,4,5,6 & 7 in B6
• Those that indicated never married in B6 should not be asked
age at first marriage.
• If age at first marriage is not known enter 999.
• If age at first marriage is greater than 120, Record 120
8.5.2 Ethnicity
Ethnicity is defined as cultural identity of people in a given geographical region or community including
their ancestry, cultural heritage, race, as well as customs and norms. The purpose of this question is
to establish the country’s cultural identity. Data on ethnicity provide information on the diversity of a
population and can serve to identify subgroups of a population.
The enumerator must clearly explain to the respondent in order to identify appropriate response to
types of ethnicities. Note that this question does not seek the language spoken at home. If for example a
respondent indicates that he/she is Lozi/Silozi which is a language, probe to find out the Ethnic group he/
she belongs to, whether he/she is Mafwe, Masubiya, Matotela, Mayeyi, etc.
Column B8: Which ethnic group does (NAME) belong to?
Instruction
• The respondent should provide the ethnic group they
strongly associate themselves with.
• If respondent doesn’t know, write don’t know (PAPI).
93

8.5.3 Citizenship
The purpose of this question is to collect information on the citizenship status of the people who reside
in Namibia. The information required is the country of which the respondent is a legal citizen.
Column B9: What is (NAME)’s Country of citizenship?
Instruction
• Do not deduce someone’s citizenship from the
language an individual speaks
• Record what the respondent tells you
• Write down the Country of Citizenship
• If not Namibian, go to B11
• If respondent does not have a citizenship, write No
Country of Citizenship
• If respondent doesn’t know, write don’t know in the
space provided
Column B10: Is (NAME) a Namibian citizen by...
The purpose of this question is to determine the type of Namibian citizenship a respondent is holding.
Categories
1 By Birth: A person born in Namibia before independence by parents who would have been
Namibians had the Constitution been in force and person born in Namibia after independence by
Namibian parents or parents who are ordinarily resident in Namibia at the time of such person’s
birth .
NB:
• Citizenship may be acquired even if it is one parent who is a Namibian or is ordinarily resident in
Namibia.
• A citizen by birth usually has a Namibian birth certificate issued by MHAISS, see example below of
a Full Birth Certificate
94

2 By Descent
• A person born OUTSIDE Namibia by Namibian parents

• A person would have a birth certificate issued by another country
95

• A person must have certificate for citizenship by descent issued by MHAISS
• The children of the liberation struggle were eventually given citizenship by descent and are in
possession of citizenship certificate.
• See example below of a Certificate of Registration for Namibian Citizenship by Descent:
3 By Marriage
• Acquired by virtue of a marriage in good faith to a Namibian

• A person MUST have certificate for citizenship by marriage issued by MHAISS
• See example below of a Certificate of Registration for Namibian Citizenship by Marriage:
96

4 By Registration
• Acquired within one year after date of independence (it was an open invitation for those who had
been residing in Namibia for at least 5 years before independence to choose Namibian citizenship;
this choice could be exercised within a year after independence)
• Person MUST have certificate for citizenship by registration issued by MHAISS
• See example below of a Certificate of Registration for Namibian Citizenship by Registration:
97

5 By Naturalization
• Acquired by those who have been resident in Namibia for long enough to be “naturalized”, usually
10 years
• Person MUST have certificate for citizenship by naturalization issued by MHAISS
• See example below of Certificate of Registration for Namibian Citizenship by Naturalization below:
98

9 Don’t know: Enter don’t know when type of Citizenship is unknown,
Instruction
Read out the all categories and write/record appropriate type of citizenship
code for response.
99

8.5.4 Birth Certificate
The purpose of this question is to determine the coverage of birth registration in Namibia.
Column B11: Has [NAME] ever been issued with a Birth Certificate?
Categories
1 Birth certificate issued by Namibian Government

• The person was born in Namibia and the birth was registered in Namibia
• The person may or may not be a Namibian citizen
• If the person has a full birth certificate marked “Non-Namibian” then the person is not a
Namibian.
• A person was born outside but got his/her birth registered in Namibia (but indicating place of
birth to be outside Namibia, e.g. Angola / Zambia [special case e.g. children of the liberation
struggle].
2 Birth certificate issued by Foreign Government
• The person was born outside Namibia and the birth was registered outside Namibia but obtained
Namibian citizenship later.
• The person was born outside Namibia and his/her birth was registered outside Namibia.
3 No, if the respondent was never issued a birth certificate
9 Don’t Know
Instruction
• Write/record appropriate code for type of Birth Certificate
• For those who answered “No” probe if its lost, and if “Yes”, record
the appropriate code.
• Please note that you do not have to ask to see the birth certificate,
just record what you are told by the respondent.
a) See examples of birth certificates:
i) Abridged birth certificate
100

ii)) Full birth certificate (for Namibians)
iii) Full birth certificate (for non-Namibians)
101

8.5.5 Namibian ID
This question should be asked to all persons aged 16 years and above. The purpose of this question is to
determine the coverage of identification cards and the type of identification card in circulation. i.e. New
ID and SWA IDs in Namibia.
Column B12: Has [NAME] ever been issued with a Namibian Identification Card (ID}?
Categories
1. Yes, New Namibian ID

2. Yes, South West Africa (SWA) ID
3. No
9. Don’t know
Instructions
• Ask respondents aged 16 years and above
• If in possession of Namibian ID and SWA ID, write/record
Namibian ID ONLY
• Should a respondent answer No, probe if lost, and if “Yes”, record
the appropriate code..
• Please note that you do not have to ask to see the ID, just record
what you are told by the respondent.
102

Examples of specimen IDs IN CIRCULATION
(a) Namibian IDs, there are three types of Namibian IDs and they are all valid as Namibian IDs.
• Blue for Namibian

• Pink for permanent residents.
(b) SWA ID
Note: SWA ID is only applicable to person born in 1974 and below
8.5.6 Birth Place
Mobility of human population is a common characteristic and knowledge about lifetime and short-term
migration and is useful for future population projections and policies formulation.
Some members of the population no longer reside in their areas of birth. Information on this provides the
basis for analyzing lifetime migration.
103

Birthplace refers to the place where the respondent’s mother was usually living when she gave birth,
not the town or hospital where the respondent was born. Sometimes expectant mothers move from
the rural areas to urban areas for purposes of delivery since maternity services are better in urban areas.
This kind of movement is short lived and must not be confused with a migratory one. For example, if a
woman who usually resides in //Kharas region, then moves to Windhoek in Khomas region to deliver her
baby, it will be assumed that the woman went to Windhoek purposely for maternity services but not to
reside there. Thus, the region of birth of the child will be recorded as //Kharas Region.
Column B13a: In which region was [NAME]’s mother usually living when [NAME] was born?
Instruction
• For those born inside Namibia, write/record appropriate region as provided
by respondent
• For those born outside Namibia, write down “Outside Namibia”
Column B13b: In which country was [NAME]’s mother usually living when [NAME] was born?
Instruction
For those born outside Namibia:
• This is applicable to those who indicated outside Namibia in B13a
• Write/select the appropriate country name e.g. Botswana
8.5.7 Usual Residence
Place of usual residence refers to the place where a person usually lives or intends to live for at least 6
months. Place of usual residence should not be confused with hometown or where a person originally
comes from.
Place of usual residence is defined for census purposes as the place at which the person lives at the time
of the census and has been there for some time (more than 6 months) or intends to stay there for some
time (at least 6 months).
Responses on the questions on where the person usually lives also help to establish levels and patterns of
migration. People will be enumerated at the places where they spent the Census Reference Night. This
place may not be their usual places of residence. It is therefore important to tabulate the population by
their usual place of residence in case there may be significant differences in the size of the population by
place of enumeration and place of usual residence.
104

Column B14a: In which region does [NAME] usually live?
Instruction
For those usually living inside Namibia:
• Write/Record the appropriate region as provided by respondent.
• However, if the respondent only knows the village name, the
enumerator should try to locate the Region name in the locality book,
loaded in the tablet.
• For those usually living outside Namibia, write down the country
“Outside Namibia”
Column B14b: In which country does [NAME] usually live?
Instruction
For those usually living outside Namibia:
Quiz 2: Lets test your understanding about what you have learned so far in section B
a) Indicate whether the following statements are True or False.
1. The name of Head of Household is listed first

in the Roster.
2. You need 2 PAPI questionnaires to list 15
members in a Household.
3. Person line numbers are unique for each
member of household.
4. Relationship of members of the household is
referenced to any member of the household
as per your preference.
5. Two households can be completed on the
same questionnaire.
6. A Household cannot be listed with 2 Heads of
Household.
7. Suppose your age at your last birthday was
35, if you celebrated your 36th birthday after
the Census Reference Night of 24 September
2023, then we should record 36 and not 35.
8. You can infer the sex of children based on their
names and looks. i.e. dressing codes, haircut.
105

(b) Complete questions B1 – B14 in the questionnaire / CAPI using the following scenarios
• Mr. Lofie Smit, aged 55 years and a resident of Khomas region had 6 people over in his house
located in Windhoek West. As the main decision maker, he has been living there for the last
15 years, although, he was born in the same village with his high school sweet heart in a famous
village belonging to Tsandi constituency where their parents have lived all their lives.
• His congregation to Jenny took place at the Roman Catholic Church 5 years ago when Jenny had
just turned 29 years old. The couple belong to the Aankolonkandhi ethnic group.
• The Smit family has since been blessed with 2 beautiful children which were named after their
grandparents. Manny and Kelly both aged 5 years. Mr. Smit also has a child from a previous
relationship, the baby is just 6 months old.
• Their good family friend Mr. Jacobs Rudy aged 45 years and his daughter Julia paid a visit to the
couple on the 24th September 2023, having travelled from Opuwo the previous day, but Julia was
nowhere to be found almost all day, she only arrived at 4H00AM after a night out with friends.
Lofie also usually lives with his brother Tom even though he has been working night shift at the
local hospital in Windhoek for the past 3 weeks.
8.5.8 Duration at the place of usual residence
Column B15: For how long has [NAME] been living at the place of usual residence in completed years?
The place referred to here is the usual place of residence in B14a and B14b. It should be noted that the
interest here is in the length of residing in the place of usual residence rather in the particular dwelling
unit.
Instruction
• Write/Record the number of years lived at the place of usual residence in
completed years
• If less than a year, enter 000 and if 120 or more enter 120,
• If Don’t know enter 999
106

8.5.9 Previous Residence: 12 months ago
Responses on the questions on where the person was living in October 2022 also helps to provide
information to establish patterns and levels of migration.
Note: The place where the person was usually living in October 2022 was their previous usual place of
residence 12 months ago.
Column B16a: In which region did [NAME] usually live 12 months ago (i.e. October 2022)?
Instruction
For those with previous residence as in Namibia:
• Record the appropriate region as provided by the respondent
• However, if the respondent only knows the village name, the
enumerator should try to locate the Region name in the locality
book, loaded in the tablet.
• For those with previous residence outside Namibia, write/
record “Outside Namibia”
Column B16b: In which country did [NAME] usually live 12 months ago (i.e. October 2022)?
Instruction
For those with previous residence other than in Namibia:
8.5.10 Main reason for moving
This question provides information on main reason for moving, for persons aged 8 years and above.
Note: This question is only applicable if place of usual and previous residence is not the same.
107

Column B17: What was the main reason [NAME] moved to the region where he/she usually lives/resides?
Categories
01 To take up a job: The person moved to start a paid job that had already been arranged before
departure from the region of previous residence.
02 Job transfer: This is a person who were already in employment in the region of previous residence
and who were transferred to the region by their organization, regardless of whether the request
for transfer was initiated by the person or the employer organization, as well as self-employed
persons with businesses already established in the region.
03 To look for work, clients: This is a person who moved with the main intention to seek paid job,
regardless of whether the person actually found a job or not upon arrival to the region. It also
covers persons who moved with the main intention of starting their own business in the region,
regardless of whether the person actually started a business upon arrival.
04 Education (e.g. studying, schooling, training): Refers to moving for education purposes,
whether the person was already enrolled in an education programme or planning to apply to
education programmes. It includes formal education programmes (high school, university, etc.)
and non-formal education programmes, such as language courses, or training in specific skills.
05 Marriage: moving for the purpose of marriage
06 Divorce/separation: moving for the purpose of divorce/separation.
07 Family moved/ Joining family: This refers to person moved for family reunification, to be close to
family, or following a family move in the case of children.
08 Medical treatment, Health: moving for the purpose of medical treatment/health.
09 Conflict, Insecurity, Natural disaster: Involuntary displacement in the face of an imminent threat
of natural disasters and political reasons.
10 Lifestyle, cost-of-living: moving for the purpose of lifestyle/cost-of-living
11 Job loss/retrenchment/contract ended: moving for the purpose of Job loss/retrenchment/
contract ended
12 Other (Specify_____)
99 Don’t Know
8.5.11 Orphanhood
The purpose of these questions is to provide information on the number of orphans and is asked to
persons aged 17 years and below. Orphanhood refers to persons aged 17 years and below who have lost
either one or both biological parents.
108

Column B18: Is [NAME]’s biological mother alive?
Instruction
• Ask each person aged 17 years and below in the household whether
his/her biological mother is still alive.
• The enumerator must explain that stepmothers or mothers by
adoption or aunts or grandparents who may be providing (or have
provided) care to the person are not biological mothers, therefore
they must be excluded.
• Note that at times, children are brought up or adopted at a very
young age by relatives, such adoptive parents should not be
considered as biological parents of the respondent. Please always
probe to establish the reality of the situation.
• In some cases, a child’s father may not be married or living with the
mother. In this case, the father might report that he does not know
whether the mother of his child is alive or not. In this case, record/
select “9” for “Don’t Know”. You must always probe to ensure that
you obtain the most satisfactory answer.
Column B19: Is [NAME]’s biological father alive?
Instruction
• Ask each person aged 17 years and below in the household whether
his/her biological father is still alive.
• The enumerator must explain that stepfathers or father by adoption
or uncles or grandfather who may be providing (or have provided)
care to the person are not biological father, therefore they must be
excluded.
• In some cases, a child’s mother may not be married or living with the
father. In this case, the mother might report that she does not know
whether the father of her child is alive or not. In this case, record/
select “9” for “Don’t Know”. You must always probe to ensure you
obtain the most satisfactory answer.
8.5.12 Social Grants/Pension
The purpose of this question is to provide information on all types of grants/pensions people receive
in Namibia. It is the Government’s commitment to ensure that all citizens should benefit from social
protection programs.
109

Column B20: Does [NAME] receive the following social grants/ pension?
This question provides information on the number of persons that receives grant/pension.
Categories
01 Old age Pension (60 years and above): This is a sum of money paid regularly by the Government
to old people from 60 years and above.
02 Disability Grants (0 - 59 years): This is a state financial support provided by the Government
which is designed specifically to assist persons with disabilities.
03 State maintenance grant (0 - 17 years): Maintenance Grant is a state financial support given
to a parent/ guardian with a child (ren) that are 17 years and below whose parent/s has died or
the parent/ guardian is earning less than N$1200 per month or is unemployed. A child whose
parent/ guardian receives an old-age pension or a disability grant and the parent whose spouse/
partner is sentenced to imprisonment for six months or longer is also eligible. This is applicable
to Namibian citizens and permanent residents.
04 Foster parent grant (0 - 17 years): Foster care grant is a state financial support given to a caregiver
who’s taking care of a child (ren) who lost both parents or any child who need care and protection.
Such children should be found in need of care by the Children’s Court and a court order is issued
to such caregiver as a proof of legal responsibility of the caregiver to the child. These are the
monies paid to the parents who are taking care of a child. (For example, a child who is removed
from their parents and legally placed in the care of foster parents).
05 From workmen’s compensation unemployment insurance, Social security (15 years and above):
This is the money from the workmen’s compensation unemployment insurance. e.g. in case of
injury on duty such that one can no longer continue with work, the employee can be
compensated until they retire. This is money paid from social security commission.
06 Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) Fund: This is money paid from MVA and similar funds (any grant
from MVA Fund).
07 Pensions from previous employment and/or annuity funds (18 years and above): This is money
paid out to an individual at retirement.
08 Government Institution Pension Fund (GIPF): These are pensions and monthly payments
received by beneficiaries of deceased parents/spouses or retired government/ parastatals/ local
authority’s employees.
09 War Veterans/ex-combatants Grants: Refers to the grants received by those who were members
of the Namibian Liberation struggle before 1990 and/or their beneficiaries.
10 Other specify: This refers to any other fund that is not listed above.
11 No: The respondent does not receive any social grant/pension.
99 Don’t know: grant/pension is not known
110

Instruction
Read out the categories and write/record one or multiple responses as may
be indicated by the respondent;
8.5.13 Health and Functionality
Washington Group (WG) questions focuses on measuring difficulty functioning in six basic, universal
actions (capabilities) that, in an unaccommodating environment would place an individual at risk of
restricted social participation. The WG defines persons with disabilities as those who are at greater risk
than the general population in experiencing restrictions in completing specific tasks or activities due
to limitations in their basic functioning, such as walking, seeing, hearing, or memory − even if such
limitations are improved by the use of assistive devices, a supportive environment or plentiful resources.
The set is comprised of questions on six core functional domains: seeing, hearing, walking, cognition
(mental understanding), self-care, and communication.
These questions on functionality are to be asked to persons aged 5 years and above.
Key points for this section

• Ask the questions as they are written and ask all questions
• Do not in any way tell the respondent that the questions are about
disability or use the term disability.
• Do not change the order of the questions
• Don’t assume a response by observation
• Respondent must answer all questions. If questions seem
repetitive, the enumerator might say: “You told me that before...
but I still need to ask you this question as it is written”.
Column B21a: Does [NAME] have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses or contact lenses?
Purpose: identify persons who have vision difficulties or problems seeing even when wearing glasses (if
they wear glasses). .
a) Seeing: refers to using eyes and visual capacity in order to perceive or observe what is happening.
b) Even when wearing glasses: refers to difficulty seeing with glasses if the respondent has, and uses
them, NOT how vision would be if glasses, or better glasses were provided or available.
Note: If the respondent wears glasses or contact lenses, and have no difficulty seeing they should
select “no difficulty”
c) Included are problems such as:
• seeing things close up or far away, and
• seeing with one eye or only seeing directly in front but not to the sides.
• Not limited to problems with the eyes, problems seeing can be related to other body
functions such as the effects of a stroke
• Any problem with vision that the respondent considers a problem should be captured.
111

Column B21b: Does [NAME] have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?
Purpose: to identify persons who have some hearing limitation or problems of any kind with their hearing
even when using a hearing aid (if they wear a hearing aid).
Hearing: refers to an individual using his/her ears and auditory (or hearing) capacity in order to know
what is being said to them or the sounds of activity, including danger that is happening around them.
Even if using a hearing aid: refers to difficulty hearing with a hearing aid if the respondent has, and uses
that device and not necessary how hearing would be if hearing aids, or better hearing aids were provided
or available.
Note: All hearing problems below MUST be captured

• Inability to hear in a noisy or a quiet environment
• Inability to distinguish sounds from different sources
• Inability to hear in one or both ears
Column B21c: Does [NAME] have difficulty walking or climbing steps/stairs?
Purpose: to identify persons who have some limitation or problems of any kind getting around on foot.
Walking: refers to the use of lower limbs (legs) in such a way as to propel (move) oneself over the ground
to get from point A to point B. The capacity to walk should be without assistance of any device
(wheelchair, crutches, walker etc.) or human. If such assistance is needed, the person has
difficulty walking.
Note: All walking or climbing steps/ stairs problems below MUST be captured
• Inability to walk short distances (about 100 meters) or long distances (about 500 meters)
• Inability to walk any distance without stopping to rest
• Inability to walk up or down steps/stairs
• Any other difficulty with walking irrespective of the surface (flat land, steep terrain)
Difficulties walking can include those resulting from:
• Musculoskeletal system problems or loss of limbs

• Impairments in balance
• Endurance
• Other non-musculoskeletal systems, for example blind people having difficulty walking in an
unfamiliar place or having difficulty climbing stairs.
• Any difficulty with walking (whether it is on flat land or up or down steps) that is considered a
problem should be captured.
112

Column B21d: Does [NAME] have difficulty remembering or concentrating?
Purpose: to identify persons who have some problems with remembering or focusing attention that
contribute to difficulty in doing their daily activities.
Remembering: refers to the use of memory to recall incidents or events. It means the individual can bring
to mind or think again about something that has taken place in the past (either the recent past or further
back). With younger people, remembering is often associated with storing facts learned in school and
being able to retrieve them when needed.
Note: Remembering should not be equated with memorizing or with good or bad memories.
Concentrating:refers to the use of mental ability to accomplish some task such as reading, calculating
numbers, learning something. It is associated with focusing on the task at hand in order to
complete the task.
Note: All problems pertaining as follows MUST be captured
• Recurring difficulty finding one’s way around, being unable to concentrate on an activity, or
forgetting one’ s whereabouts or the date
• Recurring difficulty remembering what someone just said or becoming confused
• Recurring difficulty with remembering, concentration or understanding what is going on around
them
Column B21e: Does [NAME] have difficulty with self-care such as washing themselves all over or dressing?
Purpose to identify persons who have some problems performing various tasks that would otherwise
hinder their capability with taking care of themselves independently. These tasks may include washing
themselves all over with soap or shampoo, dressing by emphasis of putting clothing on the upper and
lower body.
Self-Care refers to the ability of an individual to take care of themselves without problems. This includes
washing all over their entire body with soap and water in the usual manner for the culture, dressing up
(clothing on the lower and upper body including feet).
Self-care and Washing includes:
• Acts of gathering clothing from storage areas (for example: closet, dressers), securing buttons,
tying knots, zipping, etc.
• Gathering any necessary items for bathing such as soap or shampoo, a washcloth, or water.
• Washing and dressing represent tasks that occur on a daily basis and are considered basic,
universal activities.
113

Column B21f: Using his/her usual language (including sign language), does [NAME] have difficulty
communicating, for example understanding or being understood by others)?
Purpose: to identify persons who have some problems with talking, listening or understanding speech
such that it contributes to difficulty in making themselves understood by others or understanding others.
Communicating: refers to a person exchanging information or ideas with other people through the use
of language.
All communication problems below MUST be captured:
• The inability to exchange information by means of voice exchanges or using sign language
• Inability of making oneself understood or understanding other people when speaking or
communicating in other ways i.e. written text, sign language.
Note: Inability to understand or being understood by others due to unfamiliar language is not included.
Instruction
• The introduction is to be read before the questions
(B21a-B21f) are administered.
“Introduction: The next questions ask about difficulties you may
have doing certain activities because of a HEALTH PROBLEM. Now
I am going to ask you some questions about your ability to do
different activities.”
• Each question has five response categories, which are to be
read aloud AFTER each question
The response categories below are for question B21a to B21f
Categories
1 No difficulty: A person without any difficulty

2 Some difficulty: A person has some difficulties because of health problem
3 A lot of difficulty: A person has a lot of difficulty because of health problem.
4 Cannot do it at all: It is the complete loss of the ability to do anything at all.
9 Don’t know: Respondent does not know
114

• For example: Read aloud as part of each of the six questions as follows: “Do you have difficulty
walking or climbing steps/stairs? Would you say: no difficulty, some difficulty, a lot of difficulty,
or you cannot do it at all”? RECORD THE APPROPRIATE ANSWER GIVEN BY THE RESPONDENT.
• Respondents may become familiar with the answer categories after the first few questions. In this
case, the recommendation to repeat the categories can be relaxed.
• If respondents provide responses using the required answer categories, the categories do not
need to be repeated after every question. They should be repeated as soon as the respondent
does not use the required category (e.g., responds ‘yes’) or after the second or third question.
Column B22: Is (NAME) a person with albinism?
The purpose of this question is to identify persons who have albinism. Albinism is a defect of melanin
production that results in little or no colour (pigment) in the skin, hair and eyes. The Enumerator should
observe for the main respondent, for all other household members ask the question as is.
Examples of albinism
NOTE: It is important to emphasize to the household that the census also collects information on
albinism in order to identify them for the formulation of special programmes targeting them.
8.5.14 Information Communication and Technology (ICT)
This section provides information on how household members access information in the last 3 months.
The questions on ICT should be asked to persons aged 3 years and above
This sub-section asks questions about:

• B23 Mobile Phone Type (Last 3 months)
• B24 Use of ICT platforms (Last 3 months)
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Column B23: What type of mobile phone has [NAME] owned in the last 3 months?
This question provides information on the type of mobile phone that is owned by household members.
This question intends to find out the number of people owning smartphones in rural areas or which part
of the country own more smartphones, for proper planning on how to provide services to the end users.
Categories
1 Basic phone (no internet): Simple phone that usually has no internet and they are fairly cheap.
2 Feature phone (access to the Internet with limited functionalities of a smart phone): Usually
provide basic services such as SMS, calling, MMS and GPRS for 3G internet and other basic
features. Their prices are usually moderate.
3 Smartphone: Usually work as a computer and they support all the modern features. They are
usually expensive than the feature phones andthey support phone features such as WhatsApp,
skype, IMO and other applications.
4 None
9 Don’t know
Column B24: What ICT platforms did [NAME] use to access Information in the last 3 months?
This question provides information on ICT platforms used by citizens, in order to establish the most
suitable platform for information dissemination and determine how to reach wider audiences faster and
timely.
Note: The “ Information” referred to herein include Presidential papers, reports (research),
developmental project reports (on education, health, security, environment, trade, technology,
infrastructure, social issues, e-services, etc.), Cabinet decisions, news, statistical publications,
facts sheets, handbooks & manuals, budgets, maps & atlases, pamphlets, hearings (testimony),
parliamentary reports/records, Committee prints, records of proceedings & databases, statutes,
bills, laws, codes, judicial opinions/journals/decisions, orders of the courts, oral argument transcripts,
audit reports, etc.
Categories
01 Internet browsing: Allow users to access information using internet browser such as internet
explorer, chrome, Firefox etc.
02 Social Media: refers to interactive computer-mediated technologies that allow users to share and
access information using applications such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, WeChat, Instagram
etc.
03 Electronic Mail (Email): Allow users to share or access information through electronic mail using
applications such as Gmail, Yahoo, Outlook, Hotmail, etc.
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04 SMS (Short Message Service): Allow users to share or access information through short text
messages using telephone, Internet and mobile devices. Meaning, it is used to send text messages
to mobile phones/devices/gadgets.
05 MMS (Multimedia Message Service): Allow users to access information through multimedia
messages using telephone, Internet and mobile devices. It can deliver a variety of media, including
up to 40 seconds video, 1 image, a slideshow of multiple images or audio.
06 Radio: Is a transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of radio frequency that allows
users to access information. Radios are used to broadcast sound programs, thus communicating
information by radio to the public.
07 Television: Refer to a telecommunication medium used for transmitting video, visual images and
sound over various broadcasting systems like terrestrial television channels (e.g NBC), satellite
(e.g DSTV), etc.
08 Mobile Apps: Refer to software applications designed to run on a mobile device such as a smart
phone, tablet computer or a smart watch where information is accessible. It can provide users
with similar services to those accessed on a Personal Computer (PC).
09 Print Media (Newspaper, Journals etc.)
10 No: No ICT platforms used.
11 Other Specify…
99 Don’t Know
Instruction
• B26 only applies if coded 01-08 in B23.
• Read all response categories
• Write/record one or more responses. For example, if a respondent
uses social media and MMS as platforms to access Information,
then write/record category 02 and 05 respectively.
8.5.15 Sport Activities
The purpose of questions on sport activities is to gather baseline data about the regularity of
participation in sport, and the type of activity that is taking place. The data is essential to assess the
health benefits of participation, as well as whether there is economic, employment or social impact (i.e.
through organized activity).
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Column B25: How often does [NAME] participate in sport activities for 30 minutes or more?
The question is establishing the regularity of participation in sports, for 30 minutes or more per session
daily. The questions are asked to persons aged 4 years and above.
Categories
1. Never
2. Once a week
3. Twice a week
4. Three times a week
5. More than three times a week
6. Once a month
7. Twice a month
8. Three times a month
9. Don’t Know
Instruction
• Only applicable to persons aged 4 years and above.
• If coded 1 or 9, go to next person or section.
• Write/Record only one response.
Column B26: What is the primary sport activity [NAME] participates in?
The question seeks to establish the main sport activity that individuals participate in. The question is
asked to persons aged 4 years and above. Write/record main activity only.
Categories
• See the standardized 2023 PHC code list (code list 3.7).
Instruction
• Applicable to persons aged 4 years and above.
• Write/record the Primary sport
Quiz 3: Lets test your understanding so far: Complete B15 – B23 and answer the questions covered in the
following scenarios.
1. Petrus recently moved to Khomasdal 27; he intends to live there permanently. All his children
were born in Ongwediva where he previously lived last year except for Gabriel. Petrus’ parents were
living in Angola when he was born. He relocated with his family to work at the head office as a chief
administrative officer in Windhoek after completing his master’s degree in administration. Air
Namibia offered him a N$ 30,000.00 before deductions every month. Petrus and his children have
access to land in an urban area. What is Petrus’s place of usual residence, Previous residence and
reason for moving?
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2. Petrus has two children named Samuel and Agnes, the children have been benefiting from an
Orphanhood grant after the passing their mother in a car accident during a family trip. Samuel had
no prior difficulties, but during the accident, he sustained life threatening injuries that left
without both of his legs, for that reason, he can no take care of himself and needs assistance all
the time.
3. Agnes was very lucky to obtain no injuries apart from a few hearing difficulties that she been
experiencing now and then, she already suffers from skin disorder where by a chemical
compound that would otherwise depict her brown skin tone. What type of disability does
Samuel, Petrus and Agnes have?
4. The family usually uses social media especially face book, skype and WhatsApp to communicate to
friends in Namibia and abroad. Petrus also reads newspapers to update himself with local and
international news every morning.
5. Petrus recently bought an IPhone 11 X max a few months ago to keep contact. His moral believes
does not allow all his children to use cell phones. What ICT platform does the family use to
access information?
6. Petrus recently took up an interest in being physically fit, especially in joining the female
soccer that she trains 2-3 times on a weekly basis. The children on the other side, participate in
Basketball, however, but not on a regular basis. What sport activity does Petrus participate in and
how often?
8.6 Section C: Early Childhood Development (ECD) Programmes - For persons aged 0-5 years
Early Childhood Development includes kindergarten, nursery school and pre-primary for preparation to
enter Grade 1. Answers to this question will provide information on regional differentials in preparation
for children to enter primary school.
The information to be collected is useful in assisting the government to identify areas that are lagging
behind in early childhood development and to take appropriate action to rectify the situation.
Column C1: Is [NAME] attending an Early Childhood Development (ECD) programme?
This question provides information on the number of children aged 0-5 years that are attending ECD
programmes by type.
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Categories
1 Edu-care (Day Care Centre, Crèches/Kindergartens): refers to facilities that offer full-day care
programmes for children from 0 to 5 years. They usually include an educational component;
element of stimulation and care giver child interaction.
2 Pre-primary: refers to formal-based pre-primary school programmes for children between 4-5
years. These include school readiness programmes in preparation for formal primary education.
3 Attending Primary: refers to primary school that is being attended by persons aged 5 years.
4 No
9 Don’t know
Instruction
• Write/record the appropriate code.
• Verify the entry against the age in B5 for consistency.
• If coded 1,2,3 or 9 go to next person or end section. For all
persons aged 0-5, end individual interview.
• Please note that category 1, 2 or 3 can still be selected if a
person is on holiday.
Column C2: What is the MAIN reason [NAME] is not attending an Early Childhood Development (ECD)
programme?
This question provides information on the reasons why children aged 0-5 years are not attending ECD
programmes.
Categories
1 Financial constraint: refers to inability to pay costs that are related to ECD programmes.
2 Illness: inability to attend ECD due to health related reasons.
3 Disability: inability to attend ECD due to limitations caused by disability.
4 Long distance to centre: inability to attend ECD due to long distance to access the centre for ECD.
5 Too young to attend: too young to attend ECD as per the parents’/ guardians discretion.
6 Other Specify
9 Don’t know
Instruction
Write/Record the main reason only.
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8.7 Section D: Literacy and Education - For all persons aged 6 years and above
8.7.1 Literacy
Column D1: Can [NAME] read and write a message in any language with understanding?
The purpose of this question is to measure the level of literacy. For the purpose of the census, literacy
means the ability to read and write in any language with understanding. A person who can ONLY write or
read but not both, is illiterate. The languages referred to here are those formally taught in schools.
Instruction
• Here, it is assumed that a person who can write a simple message in any
language with understanding can also read.
• Write/record appropriate language.
• If the answer is “NO” enter “No” in both spaces. If the answer is “YES”
write the language. .
• If more than two languages, write/select ONLY two languages.
• If don’t know, write Don’t’know”.
• Remember that there is provision for two languages only.
Below are the examples of how possible entries for D1 should be recorded:
a) A person who cannot read and write a message in any language with understanding
• No for both the first and second language
b) A person who can read and write a message with understanding in one language only which is
German, should be recorded as
• `German
c) A person who can read and write a message with understanding in two languages which are
German and English
• German and English
d) For Don’t know write/select “Don’t know” in the appropriate space as shown below.
• Don’t know
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8.7.2 School Attendance
Column D2: Is [NAME] attending school?
The purpose of this question is to obtain information on school enrolment. The question on school
attendance will provide statistics on school enrolment and the as well as school-going age children who
are not attending school.
“School attendance” refers to any regular (formal) educational institution, public or private, for organized
learning at any level of education. Examples on educational institutions are Pre-primary, Primary schools,
Secondary or High schools, technical schools, agricultural institutions, teacher training colleges, and
universities. The attendance should have been on a full-time/part-time/distance participation. Short-
term courses (less than 1 year) are not to be classified as school attendance. Adult education should not
be recorded in category 2, 3 and 4 but in category 5.
Categories
1 Never attended: For those persons who have not attended any formal educational institution at
all.
2 Attending pre-primary: Refers to all persons who are attending Pre-primary (Grade 0) educational
institutions and include those who are temporarily absent from school or those on school holiday.
3 Attending school primary or secondary: Refers to all persons who are attending formal
educational institutions from Grade 1 (Primary) and above and include those who are temporarily
absent from school or those on holiday.
4 Attending tertiary: Refers to all persons who are attending technical schools, Agricultural
institutions, Teacher training colleges, Polytechnics and Universities. Include those who are
temporarily absent from school or those on school holiday.
5 Attending adult education programme: Refers to all adult persons who are registered and
attending adult education programmes including those on holiday.
6 Left School: Refers to all persons who once attended formal school (Pre-primary, Primary schools,
Secondary or High schools, Technical schools, Agricultural institutions, Teacher training colleges,
Polytechnics and Universities), but have left or completed their cycle and are no longer
attending school.
9 Don’t know
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Instruction
• Write/record the appropriate code.
• If coded 1 or 9 Go to next person or Section E.
• Please note that category 1,2,3,4 or 5 can still be selected if a
person is on school holiday.
8.7.3 Educational Attainment

Column D3: What is [NAME]’s highest level of education completed?
The purpose of this question, is to establish the respondent’s highest level of education attained and also
to produce a “proxy” indicator and a check for the literacy question. It should be emphasized that the full
grade or standard must have been completed.
For example, the current grade/standard that a person is in, is not yet completed and should not be
considered as the highest Grade/Standard completed, such as a person presently in Grade 4, has
completed Grade 3.
Note:
• For those who are currently in Grade 1 and completed pre-primary, write “pre-primary”, and those
who are currently in grade 1 but did not complete pre-primary, write “None”.
• For those who are currently attending, highest level completed for grade/tertiary is the level lower
e.g. a person who is currently in grade 10, the highest grade completed will be grade 9 likewise third
year in university will be second year.
• For those that are repeating the highest grade completed is the current one. Honorary/recognition
degrees (such as those given to successful members of the community) should not be consider as
highest level of education completed.
Instruction
• Write down the highest level of education completed
• Write don’t know in the space provided if the respondent doesn’t
know highest level of education completed
• A completed cycle has no bearing on having passed/failed.
Quiz 4: Lets test your understanding of Section C & D by answering questions C1-D3 using scenario given
below.
• Egoli is a 40-year-old married man who lives in Tsumeb. His wife Angela is aged 32 years. In their
marriage they were blessed with 3 kids namely Donald 12 years, John 9 years old and Fabian who
is 2 years of age.
• Egoli left school after failing grade 10 in the late 90’s to start up his own business, Angela has a
master’s degree in Economics. Their child Donald is currently in grade 7 while John is in grade 3
and Fabian stays home with his mother who is a housewife because they feel he is too young to
attend ECD.
• Donald can read and write Oshikwanyama, English and Afrikaans while John can only read English
and write Afrikaans. Egoli can read and write in English and Oshikwanyama but can only write
speak Afrikaans.
• The wife is very conversant in Asian languages but he is more comfortable writing and reading
English only.
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8.8 Section E: Labour force – for persons aged 15 years and above
The aim of this section is to collect information on work for members of the households aged 15 years
and above performed in order to determine the Labour force (employed and unemployed).
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
This section is asked to all household members aged 15 years and above.
Note: You should try to find each household member to respond to questions personally. However, where
some household members are absent, proceed with the interview for all those present but make the
necessary arrangements to come back and continue the interview with absentee members after
determining the appropriate time that they could be found at home.
Respondents must be assured that their responses will be treated with utmost confidence. Where a
respondent, for some reasons is reluctant to disclose his/her income in the presence of other household
members, the enumerator should ask other members of the household to excuse them
NB:
Preference is given to employment over unemployment and to unemployment over economic inactiv-
ity. A person who is both working and seeking work is classified as employed, and a student who is
attending school and also seeking work is classified as unemployed regardless of the amount of time
devoted to it during the reference period, which in extreme cases may be only one hour.
IMPORTANT TERMS:
Work: People are engaged in many kinds of work. They may be paid employees, employers, own account
workers or paid family workers, either working full-time or part-time, etc. To encompass the various
kinds of work for the measurement of employment the concept of work is broadly defined. In this sec-
tion, working in an economic activity for at least one hour for pay, profit or family gain in a seven-day
reference period is considered work.
Past 7 days: refers to the seven days starting from a day before the interview going backwards. NB: This
reference period is not fixed but is a moving reference i.e. if the interview is on Tuesday then the past
7 days starts from Monday (yesterday) to Tuesday (past week).
One hour: This can be an accumulation of minutes worked in different days. Example - Monday (25mins),
Wednesday (20 mins ), Thursday (20 mins ), Saturday (20 mins )
Total mins = 25 + 20 + 20 + 20 = 85 mins = 1 hour + 25 mins = 1 hour.
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Work for pay: means activities performed/carried out in exchange for remuneration; in the form of cash
wages, salaries, tips, commission, bonus, etc.
Work for profit: refers to work performed/carried out in order to gain benefits such as, work performed
in own business or family/friend enterprise.
Payment in-kind: refers to remuneration received/accrued in kind (food, drinks, clothes, housing,
fuel, transport, etc.), or without any remuneration at all, but the family/household will gain from the
business.
Apprenticeship: is a kind of job training that involves following and studying a master of the trade on
the job instead of in school. Eg. Carpenters, builders, doctors, and many other professionals often learn
their trade through apprenticeship.
Internship: the position of a student or trainee who works in an organization, sometimes without pay,
to gain work experience or satisfy requirements for a qualification.
Self-employed: These are persons who are in business themselves and include subsistence/communal
and commercial farmers, shop owners (including cuca shops), basket weavers, traditional beer-makers
etc. Those who sell fruits, vegetables by roadside or under trees, roadside barbers etc.
Main job/business: This refers to job/business with the highest hours usually worked. If the hours of
work are the same in each job, the main job/business is the one that generates the highest income.
Work place: This refers to the employer of the person.
The following household chores are not considered as work; minding a baby, cooking, washing dishes and
clothing, ironing, cleaning home, making bed, etc. Unless the person is getting paid for the work done.
Detailed definitions of those who are regarded as have worked are given below:
• Applicable to all persons aged 15 years and above
* who were in paid employment irrespective of how much they were paid (in cash or in kind).
* who worked at least for one hour during the past 7 days [(day) to (day)], preceding the interview
day.
* who are in self-employment.
* who helped without being paid in any kind of business run by his/her household, for at least one
hour.
* who were apprentices/interns and received pay in cash or in kind.
* who while studying (students), were at the same time in paid or self-employment.
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• Who engaged in household duties but were at the same time in some form of paid or
self-employment.
For example, in addition to the household duties engaged in any of the following activities during past 7
days before the interview should be considered as having worked.
• Persons who collect wood mainly for sale

• Persons who make traditional beer mainly for sale
• Persons who milk cattle and sell most or all of it
• Persons who weave baskets mainly for sale
• Persons who pound Mahangu mainly for sale
Column E1: In the Past 7 days from (DAY) to (DAY), did [NAME] do any of the following for atleast one (1)
hour?
This question also tries to filter out any economic activity that was carried out by the respondent during
the past seven days preceding the interview.
This activity could have been:
• For pay (cash or in kind)

Examples: a regular job, contract, casual or piece work for pay, work in exchange for food or
housing, paid domestic work
• A business for self, with partners or even with family members.
Examples: Commercial farming, beer brewing, collecting wood or water for sale, hairdressing,
crèche businesses, taxi or other transport business, having a legal or medical practice, performing
in public, having a public phone shop, etc.
• Small-scale self-employment activities, which might be viewed as non-economic, but HHs could
be generating income for livelihood.
Examples: traders, selling in the market and street (street vendors), wood or dung sellers
• Persons who helped without being paid in the business that is owned by the household or by any
person that is part of the household are also to be captured under question E3.
Response categories
1. Work for someone else for pay (as employee, labourer, and apprentice)- refers to persons who
worked for someone else for pay (dependent workers), for example employees, day labourers, etc. Pay
may include wages, salary, tips, commissions for sales, whether in cash or in kind.
2. Work in (his/her) own/household farming or fishing- refers to persons who worked in farming,
animal husbandry or fishing activities on their own account (i.e., self-employed).
3. Work in any other kind of business activity- refers to persons who worked in any other kind of
business activity, whether on their own account or as employers (independent workers). Any type of
business, big or small, formal, or informal, is included.
4. None of the above -None of the options listed above
9. Don’t know
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Instruction
• Response categories should be read out.
• If coded 1 or 3 go to E7a
• If coded 4 or 9 go to E3 or ELSE CONTINUE
Column E2: Are the farming or animal products that [NAME] is working on intended…?
Purpose/Instructions:
• To identify whether work done in farming or rearing animals activities should be identified as
employment or own use production work. This is based on whether the intended use of the
products from the work is for sale (employment) or own/family use (own use production work).
• Try to get the respondent to report the general situation for the goods produced rather than just
the goods produced during the reference period and one should note that this only refers to goods
produced through their work, i.e. it is not asking if people in general sell those type of product.
• For this question, all the products the person was working on should be considered together. For
example, if the person worked to look after both chickens and pigs then they should report
whether the chicken and pigs together were mainly for family use or for sale/barter.
• Code the self -reported answer to one of the four response options. If the respondent indicates
that, the products are both for sale/barter and household use try to get the respondent to
indicate which one is the main use in general.
Response categories
1. Only for sale
2. Mainly for sale
3. Mainly for household consumption
4. Only for household consumption
9. Don’t know
Instruction
• If coded 1 or 2 go to E7a or ELSE CONTINUE
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Column E3: In the Past 7 days from (DAY) to (DAY), did [NAME]…?
Purpose
• The purpose of this question is to allow persons on temporary absence from a paid job or business
or those who did odd job during the reference period to be identified and it also filter out the
unpaid family worker.
Implementation guidelines
• The important issue to capture here is that the absence is an interruption of a period of work. In
other words, the person was previously working in the activity and expects to return to that
activity after the absence.
• People who are absent from their normal place of work for work related reasons such as job-related
travel or training should be considered employed in the reference week and should have
answered yes to previous questions on employment.
• People who have found employment but have not yet started work are unemployed and are not
considered to be absent from work.
Response categories
1. Do any (other) activity to generate an income, for atleast 1 hour (e.g., casual work, odd jobs, make
things to sell, provide services for pay)- refers to persons who did any work with the intention to
generate an income for at least 1 hour in the reference week.
2. Have a paid job or business activity, but was temporarily absent- refers to persons with a paid
job or business that did not report it in the previous questions because they were absent from their
work in the reference week due to reasons such as holidays, short-illnesses, personal leave,
special working time arrangements (e.g. shift work), maternity/paternity leave, bad weather,
temporary interruption of the work, etc.
3. Help without pay in a household business for atleast 1 hour- refers to persons who helped without
receiving pay in a business operated by a household member.
4. Did not do any income generating activity, not even for one hour- should be used only for persons
who have not done any income generating activity, not even for 1 hour, in the reference week.
9. Don’t know
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Instruction
• If coded 1, 2,3 go to E7a or ELSE CONTINUE
Quiz 5: Answer the following questions to test your understanding of section E
1. How will the following persons be recorded in E1 to E3

a. If the respondent is working on their own account selling products?
b. If they say, they are starting a business but didn’t do any work yet in the reference period?
c. Started a business during the reference period but has not made profits yet?
d. Student who works a few hours during weekends?
e. Apprentice/intern mechanic who receive no pay?
f. Daughter who cleans the family shop?
g. I am working with my uncle, but he does not live in this household.
2. Which Questions will identify a person who is a....?

a. Cattle farmer producing meat for the market
b. Government employee who left on maternity leave 1 month ago
c. Student who yesterday helped his/her mother make jewellery for a factory
d. Woman regarded as head of household who grows mahangu for her household consumption and
works for pay cleaning a school during the weekends.
e. Man hired last week for 2 hours to fix potholes on the road.
f. Man who agreed to look after goats in exchange for food.
Column E4: In the past 4 weeks, did [NAME] look for a paid job or try to start a business?
Purpose
This question is trying to filter unemployed persons whether they looked for a paid job or tried to
start business to earn income in the past month/4 weeks/30 days. The purpose of the question is to
identify people who were actively searching for employment. This is used as one of the criteria to identify
unemployed people along with whether the person was available for work.
Response categories
1. Yes
2. No
9. Don`t know
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• Any activity to seek a paid job should be recorded, even if the amount of activity was low or if the
job sought was a casual job for only few hours a week. Activities to seek a paid job may be through
formal or informal means including applying to job postings; or job interview; posting or updating
CVs in online job matching, professional or social networking sites; checking for jobs at factories,
work sites; seeking help from relatives, friends, others; registering with public or private
employment centres when the aim is to get matched with a job.
Activities to start a business would include applying for loans, looking for land, buildings or
equipment or applying for a licence to start a business. It is the activities which take place up to the
point where the business is operational and ready to take customers or produce goods or services.
• Due to the importance of this question ‘Don’t know’ should be the last option when all attempt has
failed.
Column E5: If a job or business opportunity became available, could [NAME] start working within the next
2 weeks?
This question collects information on availability of individual if offered job or resources to start business
within a short period after the interview date, which is next two weeks.
Purpose
• This question collects information on availability of individual if offered job or resources to start
business within a short period after the interview date, which is next two weeks.
• To identify respondents who are available for work whether they were looking for work. This is part
of the identification of unemployed people and is used to identify people who are in the
potential labour force (available but not seeking for work).
• For respondents who were not available in the previous week (i.e. they said “NO” to the previous
question) they are asked if they would be available in two weeks following the interview.
• The focus of this question is on the respondent’s time availability to start work in a short subsequent
period should a job or business opportunity existed. The respondent should not be required to
consider any type of job or pay. He or she should reply in reference to their time availability
and not based on the characteristics of the job or business.
Response categories
1. Yes
2. No
9. Don`t know
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Column E6: Which of the following best describes what [NAME] is mainly doing at present?
Purpose
The purpose of the question is to allow the analysis of reasons for unavailability for work. The different
reasons can indicate different levels of attachment to the labour market it can also filter the inactive
population in the job market.
• This is asked to people who are not employed and not available to work, whether they are seeking
or not.
• The respondent should indicate the reason and the enumerator should record the appropriate code.
Categories
1.Taking care of the home/ family- refers to persons providing unpaid services for their own homes,
including cleaning, cooking, caring for family or household members. It includes those responsible for
these activities as well as household members helping in these activities.
2.Studying- refers to persons attending formal education as well as non-formal education or training
programmes.
3. Doing an unpaid apprenticeship, internship- refers to persons engaged in unpaid apprenticeships,
internships, traineeships, or other similar programmes, when the training takes place in a work envi-
ronment (i.e., as part of the production process of the economic unit).
4. Farming or fishing to produce food for the family- refers to persons working in their own/family
farming or fishing activities producing mainly for final consumption by the household or family.
5. Doing unpaid voluntary, community, charity work- refers to persons willingly working
without pay for the benefit of others outside their family. This includes volunteering for organizations,
communities, or directly to help neighbours, etc.
6.Retired, pensioner- If a person is retired, it means that they have given up employment due to their
advancing age or any other reasons apart from category 7. A pensioner is a person who receives a
pension, particularly one that the government typically pays to citizens 60 years of age and older.
7. Long term illness, injury, disability- refers to a person who quit or gave up their job due to an
ongoing medical condition.
8. Other-any other reasons than the options/categories provided above
9. Don`t Know
Note: any response in this question ends the labour force questions.
Column E7a: What kind of work (do/does) [NAME] do in (his/her) main job/business?
The question aims to identify the persons occupation. The enumerator should write the occupation title
of the main tasks or duties assigned to the main job / business.
Codes:
• Open-ended responses
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• It is vital to have enough information about the main tasks or duties. For example, if the respondent
says he/she is a teacher, you should inquire further as to what type of teacher, E.g primary school,
vocational school etc.; on the other hand, the enumerator should try at his/her level best to write
more than one words as possible.
Column E7b: What is [NAME]’s main tasks or duties in his/her main job/business?
The enumerator should write the description of the main tasks or duties assigned to the main job /
business.
Codes
• It is vital to have enough information about the main tasks or duties. For example, if the respondent
says he/she is a teacher, you should inquire further as to what type of works the person does in his/
her main job/business, instead of writing the occupation which is already in question 7a.
Column E8a: What is the main activity of the place where [NAME] work(s)?
The enumerator should give a description of the industry or branch of economic activity in which the
work is carried out.
Codes
• It is vital to have enough information about the main goods or products produced or service
rendered at the place of work.
• If possible include the name of establishment where person works.
Column E8b: What are the main goods or services produced, or the main function at [NAME]’s place of
work or business?
The enumerator should give the description of the industry or branch of economic activity in which the
work is carried out.
Codes
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Column E9: In [NAME]’s job, did he/she work as …?
Status in employment is a key analytical variable. The variable identifies the type of relationship between
the respondent and their job/employment. This question seeks to filter the status in employment of the
respondent who coded as employed on the previous questions.
Response categories
1. Employee
2. Paid apprentice, intern
3. Employer (with hired employees)
4. Own -account worker (without hired employees)
5. Helper (without pay) in a family business
9. Don’t know
Column E10: How much is [NAME]’s monthly gross salary/wage/income?
This question tries to find out the category of individual monthly gross income.
Gross salary/income: is individual’s total personal salary/wage, before deductions or total income
received from sales or service rendered before any deduction.
NB: The income or salary to be recorded under this question is for the main job/business.
Categories
01. N$1000 or less
02. N$1,001-N$2000
03. N$2,001-N$3,000
04. N$3,001-N$5,000
05. N$5,001-N$10,000
06. N$10,001-N$15,000
07. N$15,001-N$20,000
08. N$20,001-N$25,000
09. N$25,001-N$30,000
10. N$30,001-N$40,000
11. N$40,001-N$50,000
12. N$50,001 or more
13. Refused
99 Don’t know
Instruction
• Write/record appropriate code for income brackets
• Write/record code 13 for Refusal and 99 for don’t know
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Quiz 6: Use the Industry code list and fill in the appropriate code in column E8c for the following main
tasks/duties.
Question E8a Question E8b Question E8c
What is main activity of the place What are the main goods or industry code
where (NAME) work? (KIND / services produced or main (ISIC-CODE)
NAME, IF ANY OF ESTABLISHMENT) functions at (NAME)’s place of work or
business
Health care services (Ministry of Regulation of the activities of
health) providing health care, education,
cultural services, and other social
services, excluding social security
Tertiary education Higher education
Raising cattle Animal production
University of Namibia Higher education
Namibia Statistics Agency Research and experimental
development on social sciences and
humanities
Bank of Namibia (BoN) Central banking
Fly Namibia (Aviation company) Freight, Air transportation
Financial services (Bank Windhoek) Other financial service activities,
except insurance and pension
funding activities, N.E.C.
Namibia Government Pension Fund Government pension funding
Windhoek Cash loan micro finance lending services
Old Mutual Namibia (insurance com- Life insurance services
pany)
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8.9. Section F: Fertility (Births) - For females aged 12 to 54 years
Note that this section is not applicable to Institutions
This section collects information on fertility/births for all females aged 12 - 54 years irrespective of their
marital status or whether they have never given birth. The purpose of the questions in this section is
to collect information for estimating fertility, infant and child mortality. Efforts should be made to get
responses from women themselves and permission to do so should be obtained from the head of
household.
General Instructions:
• Before starting with questions in section F, identify whether there are eligible females from B4
(Sex) in the household using the age from B5. Interview each eligible woman by referring to her
name given in B2.
• If the woman concerned is not present, and not likely to return within the enumeration period, a
proxy, preferably an adult woman who might have information on the fertility history of the
woman absent, should be used to answer the questions, else a CALLBACK is advised.
• Efforts should be made to get responses from the females themselves before asking other
persons and permission to do so should be obtained from the head of household.
This section asks questions on:

• Live births (Column F1 to F5)
• Last live birth (Column F6 to F10)
8.9.1 Definition of a Live birth
Live birth is a birth, which results in a child that shows any sign of life (For example, breathing, heartbeat,
crying or movement of voluntary muscles) irrespective of the time or period within which these signs are
manifested.
Note: Miscarriages (spontaneous abortion, an event that result in the loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of
pregnancy) or abortions (A pregnancy termination prior to 20 weeks’ gestation, or a fetus born weighting
less than 500 grams) and stillbirths (baby born with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks’ gestation) are
not live births.
Column F1: How many live births has [NAME] ever had?
Record the number of children born before the Census Reference Night. It should be noted that the
children referred to are the respondent’s biological children and not foster or adopted children, e.g.
children of the husband by another female or children of another relative should not be recorded as they
are not biologically related to the respondent.
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Instruction
• If the woman has had a live birth, enter the number of live births by
sex. For example, if a woman gave birth to three children, one girl and
two boys enter “01” for female and “02” male.
• If the woman has never had a live birth, enter “00”, for male and
female live birth and leave the rest of the section blank to show that
the following questions are not applicable to that woman and move
on to the next eligible woman in the household or go to Section G if
there are no other eligible females.
• If the female concerned is not present and the person present does
not know the answer to this question give code “99” for “don’t
know”. Leave the rest of the section blank to show that the following
questions are not applicable to that woman and move on to the next
eligible woman in the household (Very rare cases).
• Children born after the Census Reference Night should not be
recorded.
.
Note: The total number of children born to the mother should be consistent with her age in B5.
Females in younger age groups usually have less number of children than females in the older age groups.
For example, one does not expect an 18 years old mother to have given birth to eight children.
Column F2: How many of [NAME]’s biological children were with you on the Census Reference Night (i.e.
24 September 2023)?
Instruction
• Record the number of male and female children who spent the
CRN (24 September 2023) in the household.
• If none, enter “00”
For example, if three (3) of her children, two (2) daughters and one (1) son, were with her on the night of
24 September 2023, you should record “01” for male and “02” for female.
Column F3: How many of [NAME]’s biological children were elsewhere on the Census Reference Night (i.e.
24 September 2023)?
Instruction
• Record the number of male and female children who were
• elsewhere on the CRN (24 September 2023). E.g. they may be
• staying with some relative, be at a boarding school, have been
given up for adoption or are grown up children who have left the
household.
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Column F4: How many of [NAME]’s biological children are no longer alive?
Instruction
• Record the number of male and female children that are no longer alive.
• At times it may be difficult to obtain accurate information because some
respondents may fail to mention children who died very young while
others simply do not want to remember their children who have died.
Hence, probe by asking “whether there are any male or female children
who were born alive but only survived a few hours or days?”
Note: Some respondents may be reluctant to talk about it or may become sad or upset that you are asking
such questions. Be tactful in such situations.
Column F5: How old was [NAME] when she had her first live birth?
The question refers to the age of the mother at the time of delivery of her first live birth and has to be
recorded in completed years, i.e. age at her last birthday at delivery.
Instruction
• Check consistency with her current age in B5 and the number of live births
in F1.
• If a child is listed as a member of the household in B2a, check the child’s
age against mother’s age at first livebirth in F5. This is only applicable if the
biological mother is the head of the household.
• Consistency check for age: F5 should be equal to or less than B5, and F5
should not be less than 12.
• If the age is unknown, determine the age by using the firstborn’s age and
current age of mother if the biological firstborn child is listed as a household
member.
• Enter “99” if the respondent does not know the age (very limited cases)
8.9.2 Last live birth
A last livebirth refers to the last live birth that the mother had given birth to.
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Column F6: What was the month and year of [NAME]’s last live birth?
Instruction
• Record year and month for the woman’s last live birth.
• Enter four digits for the year and two digits for the month
using this format “YYYYMM”, i.e. if birth year is 1994, enter
“1994” and enter, “01” for January; “02” for February and so
on for the month.
• If the woman does not remember the year of the last live
birth, try to find out the age of the last born and work out the
year of last live birth.
• If year is not known enter “9999 and 99” for both year and
month.
• If year of birth is known and month is not known enter “99”
for month and the correct year.
Column F7: Was [Name]’s last live birth single or a multiple?
Instruction
Enter the appropriate code corresponding to the type of birth. For example
if it was a single birth, enter code “1” and if it was a multiple birth (twins,
triplets, quadruplets etc.) enter code “2”.
Column F8: Was [NAME]’s last live birth male or female?
Instruction
Enter the number of male and female births. For example, if the last live birth
was one boy enter “1” in the box for males and “0” in the box for females.
If the last live birth was triplets of one boy and two girls enter “1” in the box
for males and “2” in the box for females.
Column F9: Is [NAME]’s last live birth still alive?
Instruction
• Enter the number of male and female child (ren) who are still
alive from the last live birth.
• If the birth is still alive enter number alive and “0” if no longer
alive.
• If the last live birth was one boy and still alive enter “1” in the
box for male and “0” in the box for female.
• If it was two girls (twins) and one died, then write “1” for
females and “0” for males.
• If the last live birth was two boys and none is alive enter “0” in
the box for females and males.
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Column F10: Who assisted with the delivery of [Name]’s last live birth?
The purpose of this question is to determine the proportion of last live births attended by skilled health
personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives) trained in providing lifesaving obstetric care, including giving
the necessary supervision, care and advice to women during pregnancy, childbirth and the post-partum
period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for new-borns.
Instruction: Read out all response categories and record appropriate code
Categories
1 Medical Doctor: These are health experts in a wide range of medical practices that offer medical
professions such medical practitioner, specialists such surgeons.
2 Nurse/Midwife: A nurse practitioner is a registered nurse who has higher education and training
in a particular area, such as pediatrics or family practice. In this case a Midwife specializes in
delivering babies.
3 Traditional birth attendant: A Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) is a person who assists a
mother during childbirth and who initially acquired her skills by delivering babies herself or through
apprenticeship to other traditional birth attendants. TBAs are often older women,
respected in their communities. They consider themselves as private health care practitioners
who respond to requests for service. The focus of their work is to assist women during delivery
and immediately post-partum.
Note: These are not professionally trained.
4 Relative/Friend: A relative or friend who does not fall in categories 1,2,3 and is not trained. If your
relative/friend is a trained medical person, then choose the appropriate category above.
5 No assistance
6 Otherspecify
9 Don’t know
Quiz 7: Test your understanding of section F by answering the following questions
• Anna gave birth to her first daughter a day before she turned 11. How old was she at her first live
birth?
• When Lisa got married in 2015, she gained 3 children (1 girl and 2 boys) from her husband’s
previous relationship and legally adopted 4 girls. At the age of 29, on the 21st June 2016, she gave
birth to twins (a boy and a girl) at home with the help of her husband while the Medical Doctor
was on his way to assist them. Sadly, the twin girl passed on when her twin brother was just 2
years, living her mother with 8 children, that were with her during CRN. Answer F01 - F10.
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8.10 Section G: Mortality (Deaths in the household in the last 12 months)
NOTE: Section G ‘Mortality’ is not applicable to institutions
This section collects information on deaths of the usual members of the household in the last twelve (12)
months before CRN (24 September 2023) since October 2022. This means, persons who were staying or
intended to stay in the household for at least 6 months and died while in the household MUST be record-
ed in that household. E.g. If someone who stays in Oniipa, Oshikoto region gets very sick and is brought to
his/her relatives in Windhoek, Khomas region and then dies in Windhoek after one month, his/her death
MUST be recorded with the household in Oniipa. But if he/she stays with his/her relatives’ household in
Windhoek for more than 6 months and burial took place in Otjinene then the death MUST be recorded in
the household where the deceased was in Windhoek.
This section provides a snapshot of current health problem, suggest persistent patterns of risk in specific
communities, and shows trends in mortality and causes of death. Mortality statistics can be used as a
corner stone in formulating health plans and policies to prevent or reduce premature mortality and
improve our quality of life.
Column G1: How many deaths have occurred in this household from October 2022 to September 2023?
Note: These are household members who died before the CRN after having spent or had an intention to
stay for 6 months or more in this household, including deceased newborns and newlyweds..
Instruction
• If any death has occurred in the household, record the
number of deaths. For example, if only one death has
occurred in the household during the stated period,
enter “01”.
• The number of persons who died in this household during
the last 12 months before CRN (24 September 2023) since
October 2022.
• If no death has occurred in the household during the stated
period, enter “00” and leave the rest of the section blank to
show that the following questions are not applicable to that
household and continue with section H.
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Column G2: What is/are the Name(s) of the deceased household member(s)?
Instruction
• List all names and surnames of persons who died in this
household for the last 12 months before CRN (24 September
2023) since October 2022.
• Enumerators should confirm that the names entered here are not
the same as those of persons in B2.
• In cases where the deceased name is not known or cannot be
mentioned, record as Deceased A for one death and Deceased B,
Deceased C... for more than one death.
Column G3: Was [NAME] male or female?
Instruction
Enter the appropriate code for the sex of the deceased. If
male enter “1”, if female enter “2”.
Column G4: How old was [NAME] when he/she died?

This refers to age at last birthday of the deceased at his/her death.
Instruction
• You MUST enter the actual age of the deceased at the time of
death in completed years.
• Enter “000” for children who died before their 1st birthday
(aged less than a year) and for persons aged 120 years and
above record/enter 120.
• For age that is unknown, ask the respondent to estimate or
enter “999”
Column G5: Was the death of [NAME] registered?

The objective of this question is to assess the coverage of the registration of deaths in the country. When
a registration takes place a death certificate is issued. Probe whether family members obtained a death
certificate for the deceased.
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Instruction
• If the death was registered record “1” for “Yes”.
• If it was not registered, record “2” for “No”.
• If the respondent does not know, record “9” for “Don’t know”
Column G6: Did [NAME] die due to…??

This question provides information on the causes of death.
Instruction
• Read out all categories and select the appropriate cause of death.
• For females aged 12 -54 go to G7a. Else, end individual interview.
• For all males, go to next person or end individual interview.
Categories
01 Cancer: Cancer is defined as a generic term for a large group of diseases characterized by growth
of abnormal cells beyond their usual boundaries that can then invade adjoining parts of the body
and/or spread to other organs. Other common terms used are malignant tumors and
neoplasms (WHO, 2018). Some examples of types of cancer are cervix, breast, lung, prostate and
skin cancer.
02 Covid 19/Covid19 related: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the
SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19.
03 Diabetes (High/low Blood Sugar): Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by
elevated levels of blood glucose.
04 Heart Disease: Any disorder that affects the heart such as Heart attack or Heart failure.
05 Hypertension/High blood pressure/Stroke: Hypertension also known as High Blood Pressure
(HBP) is non-communicable disease (NCD) that occurs in stages where the blood pressure within
an individual’s blood vessels has elevated to an unusual level for a persistent period of time.
06 Lung Disease: Any problem in the lungs that prevents the lungs from working properly.
There are three main categories of lung disease, and each affects the lungs in a different way:
• Airway diseases: These conditions make it difficult for people to breathe in regards to airflow in
and out of the lungs using the airways.
• Lung tissue diseases: These conditions make it difficult for the lungs to work properly and diffuse
oxygen from the airways into the bloodstream.
• Lung circulation diseases: These conditions affect the way blood flows from the heart to the rest
of the body in order to deliver oxygen to the organs and tissues.
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07 Vomiting/diarrhea: This refers to a death due to vomiting/diarrhea.
08 Other Illness: Includes any other illness
09 Accident: Something unpleasant or damaging that happens unexpectedly (unplanned), (that may
be fatal leading to death). A sudden fatal incident that leads to death i.e. motor vehicle accident,
someone falling from a tree, falling from a donkey cart etc.
10 Murder: An unlawful killing of another human being.
11 Suicide: The act of intentionally causing one’s own death.
12 Natural Disaster: A natural event such as a flood, earthquake, or hurricane that causes great
damage or loss of life or a sudden and terrible event in nature that usually results in serious
damage and many deaths.
99 Don’t know
Note: For females aged 12 – 54 complete questions G7a-G7c.
Column G7a-c: Did (NAME) die…
This question provides information on maternal deaths for all females who died aged between 12 and
54 years. The term maternal death refers to death of a woman while pregnant or during child birth or
within two months after child birth or death within 42 days of termination of pregnancy irrespective
of the duration and site of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its
management but not from accident or incidental causes.
Instruction
• Only applicable to all females aged 12-54 years, else leave
blank for this person.
• Record the appropriate cause of death as provided.
Categories
G7a While pregnant:

1. Yes
2 No
9 Don’t know
• If Yes, go to next person or section H
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G7b During childbirth:
1. Yes
2 No
9 Don’t know
• If Yes, go to next person or section H
G7c Within 6 weeks of the end of a pregnancy or child birth:

1. Yes
2 No
9 Don’t know
• Go to next person or section H
Quiz 8: Read the statements below and answer the questions that follows.
• Mwafange stays in Oniipa, Oshikoto region. She got sick and went to stay with her relatives in
Windhoek and then died 2 days after the census reference night. Where will she be recorded?
• Sini, stays in Rundu, and went to her brother in Windhoek to stay with his baby for 7 months. Her
mom asked her to go back to Rundu because she was sick and needed care, and on her way
to Rundu Sini died in a car accident before the CRN. Which household will the death be recorded?
• Bino lives in Windhoek and has prostate cancer, he was transferred to Medic-Park hospital for
chemotherapy and was hospitalized for 8 months. When his condition deteriorated he developed
high blood pressure and killed himself. What would you record as the cause of death?
144

8.11 Section H: Housing characteristics
Section H is made up of questions about housing characteristics. These questions should therefore
be directed to the head of the household or the main respondent. If you have used more than one
questionnaire for one household, complete Section H only on the last questionnaire.
Note that this section is not applicable to Institutions
PURPOSE: Information on housing and access to various basic services is useful as a measure of the living
conditions of people across the regions. It will help the government to plan for better sanitation facilities,
housing and safe drinking water among others.
The section asks questions on:
• Type of dwelling units

• Main material for roofing, outer walls and floors of the dwelling units
• Number of rooms for sleeping
• Main source of water for drinking and cooking
• Main source of energy for cooking and lighting
• Main toilet facility
• Main means of waste disposal
• Main source of livelihood/survival
• Household Assets
• Land ownership
• Main language spoken at home
• Production activities
Instructions
• Most of the categories in this section should not be read to the respondent, but the enumerator
must record the response given by the respondent appropriately.
• The enumerator should note that: The household head is the best person to answer this section.
If the household head is absent, a representative and knowledgeable member of the household,
selected by other household members can answer in his/her place.
• If the household occupies more than one unit, record answers on the main dwelling unit.
• Sleeping rooms: This refers to the number of rooms used for sleeping in the dwelling unit, these
includes kitchens, study rooms, sitting/living and dining rooms, and garage if used as a sleeping
room, but exclude bathrooms, toilets, hallways, passage ways, lobbies, stoops and verandas.
• Questions about the type of dwelling and the materials used for the outer walls, roof and floor,
the enumerator should observe the dwelling and record the answers accordingly. However, if the
materials are not visible or clear, then the enumerator should ask the respondent for the actual
material used.
• The enumerator must note that the census is interested in source of cooking and drinking water
and not water used for washing, laundering or for cattle, therefore, record the most usual source
for all year round.
• If the respondent does not know, the enumerator should ask another household member who
might know better.
• The use of “Other specify” is very much discouraged.
145

IMPORTANT TERMS
Type of housing unit: Type of housing unit refers to a separate and independent living premises occupied
by a household.

Dwelling unit: Dwelling unit is a building/structure where households live. It is a place of residence
occupied by one or more households. Sometimes a household can occupy more than one building/
structure, in that case, these structures are all considered as one dwelling unit for the purpose of the
census.
On the other hand, households can occupy only part of the building/structure; in that case, that building/
structure becomes the Dwelling unit for all households within it. Buildings/structures can be classified
into dwelling units, living quarters other than dwelling units (institutions) and non-dwelling units.
Main dwelling unit: Main dwelling unit is where most activities take place or most household members
sleep (irrespective of size or type). If these criteria fail, take the main dwelling unit as the one in which the
head of the household sleeps.
Column H1: What is the Type of Housing Unit?
Type of housing unit refers to a separate and independent living premises occupied by the household.
Note that the Housing Unit referred to here is the main dwelling unit.
You should record responses from the following housing types:
Categories
01 Formal dwelling/house or brick/concrete block structure on a separate stand or yard or on farm

(Detached house): Is a house on its own or with or without an outhouse and not attached to
another house. In case of mixed set up i.e. traditional and modern/corrugated housing, record the
main type of housing for the particular household.
146

02 Traditional dwelling/hut/structure made of traditional Materials: A compound consisting of a
hut or a group of huts walled or un-walled with sticks, poles with or without thatch or grass. In
case of mixed set up i.e. traditional and modern/corrugated housing, record the main type of
housing for the particular household.
03 Flat or apartment in a block of flats/flat or apartment in a block of flats in a complex: Is a

self-contained living premises in a building with one or more floors. All apartments or flats in the
building will have a common entrance.
04 Cluster house in complex: Consists of closely grouped houses. Normally there is an arrangement
of corporate fees/levies. For flats/apartment found within this complex record them under
category 03.
147

05 Town house (semi-detached house in complex): refers to a house, which is attached to another
but with its own facilities and a separate entrance (gate).
06 Semi-detached house: Is a house, which is attached to another house but having its own kitchen/
toilet facilities and a separate entrance. One of two houses joined together with one common
wall.
07 Formal dwelling/house/flat/room/servant quarters/granny flat/cottage in the backyard: It is a

fully functional separate secondary living unit added onto the same plot or erf as a primary residential
structure with its own door entrance.
148

08 Informal dwelling/shack in backyard: These are housing units built of corrugated iron sheets,
discarded materials, such as cardboards, plastic sheeting, flattened empty tins that are built in the
back yard of a main DU.
09 Informal dwelling/shack not in backyard, e.g. in an informal/squatter settlement or on farm:

Makeshift structure not approved by a local authority and not intended as a permanent dwelling.
These are housing units built of corrugated iron sheets, discarded materials, such as cardboards,
plastic sheeting, flattened empty tins that are stand alone on plot/erf or on a farm or on communal
land.
149

10 Caravan/tent: Refer to living premises, which could be shifted or transplanted or
transported, such as tents, caravans, etc.
11 Single Quarters: Structurally, these are separate and independent places of abode intended for
habitation by large groups of individuals. They consists of either a room or a set of rooms with
shared toilet and kitchen facilities.
12 Other, specify: This will include any other category not listed above
Column H2: What is the ownership Status of this housing/dwelling unit?
Ownership refers to the type of ownership of the housing unit itself and not that of the land on which it
stands.
Column H2 seeks information on ownership i.e. whether one of the household members owns or rents
the dwelling unit. Ask the head of the household or any other responsible person whether the main
residential/dwelling unit is owned or rented by him/her or any other member of the household.
Categories
1 Owned and fully paid off (without Mortgage):

Mortgage refers to a loan financing the purchase or maintenance of a property. The house owner
secured financing by mortgaging the house, which is registered in his/her name, with a financial
institution. For security reasons the property is tied to the financing institution e.g. bank, so that
should the owner fail or unable to pay back, the financing institution will have some ways of
recovering its money. In cases of a house, the owner enters into an agreement with the
bank whereby the mortgage is paid on installments.
Inherited premises (fully paid) are included in this category.
150

2 Owned but not fully paid off (with Mortgage): These refers to housing units that are still being
paid in instalments or mortgage, they should be considered owner-occupied with mortgage.
Inherited premises (not fully paid) are included in this category.
3 Rented (Individual): These refers to housing units rented from an individual for a fee.
4 Rented from other (Government, Local Authority, Parastatal, Private firms): These refers to
housing units rented from government, local authority (municipality/town council), semi
government institution (NamPower, Namwater etc), private firm or company for a fee
5 Occupied Rent Free: The house is not owned by any of the household members and is occupied
rent-free, meaning that no periodic payments are made.
6 Other, Specify: Any other category not listed above
Column H3: What is the MAIN material used for the roof?
Roof material: roof refers to the upper covering of the house. For example, if a household is occupying
the ground floor of a 2-storeyed building and concrete slabs are used for separating the ground floor from
the 1st floor, the roofing material for the ground floor unit is what is on the upper covering of the house.
The roof for the housing unit of the house on the ground floor will be what is on the upper covering of
the house on the first floor (Top floor).
Categories
01 Corrugated iron/zinc sheets: These refers to structures whose outer roofing is constructed mainly
with corrugated iron sheets.
02 Asbestos sheets: This category covers buildings with roofs constructed with asbestos sheets,
mainly found at the coastal areas in Namibia.
03 Brick tiles: Refers to a thin flat slab of fiber clay used for roofing
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04 Concrete: refers to a roof that is made from concrete.
05 Thatch, grass: refers to a roof that is made from grass and wooden poles/sticks.
06 Slate: Slate is a type of a rock which easily brakes, in thin layers; these layers are often used for
roofing.
07 Wood covered with melthoid: This roofing material is mainly wood covered with melthoid fiber
strip found along the coast.
08 Sticks with mud and cow dung: These refers to roofing made of sticks/poles, and are covered with
mud and cow dung.
09 Tin: Flattened empty tins such as crude oil or cooking oil drums that can be used for construction
of a roof.
10 Wood/board/plastic/canvas: This is when wood/board/plastic/canvas is used for the roof.
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11 Other, specify: Any other category not listed above
Column H4: What is the MAIN material for the outer walls?
Wall materials: The information required is the main materials used for constructing the outer walls i.e.
the main frame of the building.
Categories
01 Cement blocks/bricks/stones: This category refers to buildings with cement blocks or bricks as
the main material used.
02 Burnt bricks/face bricks: This category covers buildings with burnt bricks as the main material
used for constructing outer walls. Burnt/face bricks have very nice colors and are usually not
plastered.
03 Mud/Clay bricks: This is usually found in traditional houses. These are bricks formed from treated
or seasoned mud/clay, which is sometimes mixed with cow dung.
04 Corrugated iron/zinc: This category refers to buildings with outer walls that are constructed
mainly with corrugated iron sheets.
05 Prefabricated materials: These are walls, which are constructed with concrete slabs, fiberglass,
asbestos and cement, gummite (stones), hardboard, wood and asbestos or wood only.
06 Wood poles/sticks or grass/reeds: If wooden poles or sticks with or without grass (thatch) are
used for the construction of outer walls.
07 Sticks with mud/clay and/or cow dung: The sticks used for the outer walls are covered with mud
or cow-dung.
08 Tin: Flattened empty tins such as crude oil or cooking oil drums that can be used for construction
of outer walls.
09 Wood/board/plastic: Wood/board/plastic is used for outer walls.
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Column H5: What is the MAIN material used for the floor?
Floor materials: The information required is the main materials used for constructing the floor i.e. the
bottom part of the building.
Categories
01 Sand/Earth: This is when there is no artificial material on the floor. The floor is only the natural
environment (earth or sand).
02 Cement: If the floor of the house is constructed with cement.
03 Mud/clay: This is usually found in traditional houses. It is treated or seasoned mud/clay, which is
sometimes mixed with cow dung.
04 Wood: This type of floor is mainly found at the coast wherebythe floor of a housing unit may be
constructed from wooden planks.
05 Concrete: This type of flooring material is mainly used or found in multi floors buildings i.e.
between first and top floor.
06 Tiles (Ceramic/plastic/wood): This is when the floor is cement or concrete covered with tiles.
07 Bricks/Interlocks: This is when bricks or interlocks are used for the floor.
Column H6: How many rooms are used for sleeping?
• Record in H6 the number of rooms that are used for sleeping purposes in the dwelling unit;
includes kitchens, study rooms, sitting/living and dining rooms, and if a garage is used as a
sleeping room counts it so, but exclude bathrooms, toilets, hallways, passageways, lobbies, stoops
and verandas.. In addition, some of the household members may be using traditional or other
outhouses (e.g. shacks) as sleeping quarters. In such a case the number of sleeping rooms should
include the number of rooms in the main building plus rooms for sleeping in the other outside
units. This is usually common in a traditional set up.
Note: A room is defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the
ceiling or roof covering, or to a height of at least 2 meters, of an area large enough to hold a bed of one
adult that is at least 4 square meters.
Traditional kitchens and dining places that are not enclosed should not be counted as rooms, also spaces
divided with curtains are not classified as rooms.
Column H7: What is the household’s MAIN source of water for cooking and drinking?
A measure of the well-being of Namibians is the proportion of households that have access to clean
(potable) water. This information will help derive areas that have water problems.
The purpose of this question is to find out how safe the water used for cooking and drinking is. Note
that we are only interested in water used for cooking and drinking and NOT for washing, or for domestic
animals. If several sources are mentioned, probe to determine the main source.
Note: This refers only to the source of water and not the method used to pump or extract water.
154

Instruction
Mark “X” or select the appropriate category.
Concepts and Definitions

01 Piped water inside from Local water scheme (operated by service provider): This refers to water
drawn from pipes installed in the house and originating from a local water scheme such as Namwater,
Municipalities, or regional water supply.
02 Piped water outside from Local water scheme (operated by service provider): This refers to water
drawn from pipes installed in a homestead, but not inside the house, and originating from a local water
scheme such as Namwater, Municipalities, or regional water supply.
03 Public Pipe water from Local water scheme (operated by service provider): This refers to water
drawn from pipes installed in a locality to serve the whole locality and originating from a local water
scheme such as Namwater, Municipalities, or regional water supply.
04 Boreholes / Boreholes with tank covered: This refers to water from the borehole directly to the
households or where the water is pumped into a tank that is covered.
05 Boreholes with open tank: This refers to water drawn from a borehole where the water is pumped
into an open tank.
06 River/Dam/Stream: A river or naturally flowing source of water or reservoir formed by man building
a barrier across a river to hold back water.
07 Canal: Man-made open flowing water source
08 Well protected: A man-made hole/shaft dug in the ground from which water is obtained. Water is
drawn using buckets. A protected well has a fence and/or a cover.
09 Well unprotected: A man-made hole/shaft dug in the ground from which water is obtained. Water is
drawn using buckets. An unprotected well does not have a fence around it.
10 Bottled/filtered/purified water: Bottled water that is filtered or processed to remove impurities and
make it suitable for use
11 None/ Do not cook
12 Other Specify
Categories
MAIN source of water Cooking Drinking

Regional/local water scheme
(operated by municipality or
service provider)
Borehole/Borehole with tank
covered
Borehole with open tank
River/Dam/Stream
Canal
Well Protected
Well Unprotected
Bottled /filtered/purified water
None/Don not cook
Other ( Specify_____)
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Column H8: What is the MAIN source of energy this Household uses for cooking?
The answer required here is the type of energy most often used during the year for cooking.
Note that some households may use electricity, paraffin/kerosene, gas and firewood, interchangeably.
Instruction
Record/select the MAIN source only
Categories
Electricity from mains 01

Electricity from generator 02
Gas 03
Paraffin/ Kerosene 04
Wood/ Firewood 05
Charcoal 06
Coal 07
Solar energy 08
Animal dung 09
None 00
Other (Specify_____ ) 10
Column H9: What is the MAIN source of energy this household uses for lighting?
The answer required here is the type of energy most often used during the year for lighting. Paraffin for
lighting includes pressure lamps using paraffin.
Note that some households may use electricity, paraffin/kerosene, gas and firewood, interchangeably
Instruction
Record/select the MAIN source only
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Categories
Electricity from mains 01

Electricity from generator 02
Gas 03
Paraffin/Kerosene 04
Wood 05
Candles 06
Animal dung 07
Solar energy 08
battery lamp / torch/ cell phone 09
None 00
Other (Specify) 10
Column H10: What is the household’s MAIN type of toilet facility?
This information can be used in obtaining a measure of sanitation level of the household since these
facilities are important for disease control and health improvement. Please note that it is access to a
toilet facility, which is referred to here and not the ownership. If several toilet facilities are given (e.g.
children use the bush, while adults use the latrine), probe to find out which facility is used by most of the
household members most of the time.
Instruction
Record/select the MAIN type only
Categories
01 Private Flush connected to main sewer: Household has water closet or flush/pour toilet
connected to main sewer used only by the household members and their visitors.
02 Private Flush connected to septic cesspool: Household has water closet or flush/pour toilet
connected to a septic tank (empties to piped system connected to an individual sewage
disposal system) used only by the household members and their visitors.
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03 Private Flush not connected to main sewer septic cesspool: The household has water
closet or flush/pour toilet not connected to main sewer or septic tank (empties to piped system
connected to an individual sewage disposal system) used only by the household members and
their visitors.
04 Public Flush connected to main sewer: Household shares water closet or flush/pour toilet
connected to main sewer with other households.
05 Public Flush connected to the septic cesspool: Household shares water closet or flush/pour
toilet connected to a septic tank (empties to piped system connected to an individual sewage
disposal system) with other households.
06 Public Flush not connected to main sewer septic cesspool: The household shares water closet
or flush/pour toilet not connected to main sewer or septic tank (empties to piped system
connected to an individual sewage disposal system) with other households.
07 Chemical toilet (mobile toilet): A chemical toilet collects human excreta in a holding tank and
uses chemicals to minimize odors and they can be moved around. They do not require a
connection to a water supply and are used in a variety of situations. They are mostly used at
construction sites and large gatherings such as funerals/wedding or by travellers.
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08 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe: A ventilated improved pit latrine (VIP) is a dry pit latrine that
uses a hole in the ground to collect the excreta and a squatting slab or platform that is firmly
supported on all sides, easy to clean and raised above the surrounding ground level to prevent
surface water from entering the pit. The platform has a squatting hole or is fitted with a seat.
09 Covered pit latrine without ventilation pipe: The household members use a Pit latrine, long drop
without ventilation pipe and with covering. A lid on drop hole keeps light out of the pit and
helps stop flies and odor entering the toilet super structure. A lid can be made from plastics
or wood and is used to cover the hole in floor when the pit latrine is not in used.
10 Uncovered pit latrine without ventilation pipe: The household members use a Pit latrine, long
drop without ventilation pipe that is not covered.
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11 Bucket toilet (manually removed): The household members use bucket toilet. The excreta/
waste in the bucket is manually removed.
12 No toilet facility/Open defecation (bush, riverbed, fields, plastic bag): The household members
use the bush, riverbed, fields, plastic bag or open space, meaning no toilet.
Column H11: What is the household’s MAIN means of waste disposal?
This information can be used in obtaining the hygienic level of households since these facilities are
important for disease control and health improvement. Please note that This is access to disposal of
refuse or garbage referred to here and not the ownership. Try to find out which facility is used by MOST
of the household members most of the time.
Instruction
• Record the MAIN means only
Categories
1 Regularly collected: This is whereby refuse is collected at fixed intervals, for instance once
every week on a fixed date. The collection is usually done by the local authority (Town council/
Municipality).
2 Irregularly collected: The collection of refuse is not consistent; waste is collected at irregular
intervals i.e. no fixed date for waste removal (Town council/Municipality).
3 Burning: The household would collect its refuse/waste and burn it, either in a pit or open
space.
4 Roadside dumping: The household would collect its refuse and dispose it alongside the road,
often the road may be located close to where they reside.
5 Rubbish pit: The household would dig a pit either inside or outside the yard. The pit would then
be used to dispose of waste, once full a new pit is dug once again.
6 Burying: The household bury their waste in a pit. This refers to digging a pit and burying wastes
that time.
7 Dump in the field/bush: The household would collect its refuse and dispose it in the field/bush.
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Column H12: What is the MAIN language spoken in this household?
This refers to the language usually spoken or most often spoken in the household.
Instruction
• Write the Main language in the space provided
• If sign language is used by the household, write Sign
Language.
Column H13: What is the household’s MAIN source of income/livelihood/survival?
The purpose of this question is to collect information on the livelihood of the household, since these
aspects are very important for the elimination of poverty and hunger and the improvement of the living
standard of the people. It is very difficult for some respondents to classify themselves into the categories
of their sources of income. It is therefore of outmost importance that you understand the definitions
given below.
The main source of income that is referred to be not only money but these can also be the main
products that are produced for consumption and / or sale (e.g. some households cultivate and depends
on Mahangu, in this case farming is the main source of income for these households.
Categories
01 Salaries and / or Wages: Those who are getting wages and salaries from their jobs/work and
depend mostly on these wages and salaries as their main source of income to sustain their
livelihood.
02 Subsistence farming: Subsistence agriculture is self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers
focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families. The typical subsistence
farm has a range of crops and animals needed by the family to feed and cloth themselves during
the year.
03 Commercial farming: Farming for a profit, where food is produced by advanced technological
means for sale in the market. Often very few workers are employed.
04 Business activities, non-farming: Those who are involved in business activities (non-farming)
and persons who mostly depend on profit making business activities.
05 Cash remittances domestic (not including alimony/child support): This is any allowance sent by
any family members or friends within the country aiming at improving the livelihood of a
household to any member of that household. Persons that mostly depend on income in a
form of cash from family members, friends etc…, and these persons who remit them are not
members of their households
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06 International cash remittance (not including alimony/child support): This is money, often sent
by a foreign worker in another country to family members in their home country. Persons that
mostly depend on income in a form of cash from family members or friends in another country.
07 Rental income: This is money generated from rent of immovable properties.
08 Interest from savings/investments: This is any interest received from savings/investments.
09 Old-age pension: Those who mostly depend on old-age pension from social fund (for example old
age pension given by Government to all persons 60 years and above every month, N$1300/month).
10 War veterans/Ex-combatants grants: These is money paid regularly by the Government to war
veterans.
11 Disability grants: This is a sum of money paid regularly by the Government to persons with
disabilities.
12 State maintenance grant: Maintenance Grant is a state financial support given to a parent/
guardian with a child (ren) whose parent/s has died or; this financial support is for the care of
child (ren). The parent/ guardian should be earning less than N$1200 per month or is
unemployed. A child whose parent/ guardian receives an old-age pension or a disability grant
and the parent whose spouse/ partner is sentenced to imprisonment for six months or longer
is also eligible. This is applicable to Namibian citizens and permanent residents.
13 Foster parent grant: Foster care grant is a state financial support given to a caregiver who’s
taking care of a child/children who lost both parents and any child who need care and protection.
Such children should be found in need of care by the Children’s Court and a court order is issued to
such caregiver as a proof of legal responsibility to the child.
14 Vulnerable grant: Vulnerable grant is a state financial support given to biological parents (both
parents alive) of a child/children in the household and such parents should be earning less than
N$ 1000.00 per month or without any source of income at all.
15 From workmen’s compensation, unemployment insurance, Social security: This is the money
from the workmen’s compensation, or unemployment insurance. e.g. in case of injury on duty
such that one can no longer continue with work, the employee can be compensated until they
retire. This is money paid from social security commission.
16 Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) Fund: This is money paid from MVA and similar funds (any grant
from MVA Fund).
17 Pensions from previous employment and/or annuity funds: This is a sum of money paid out to an
individual at retirement age.
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18 Government Institution Pension Fund (GIPF): These are pensions and monthly payments
received by beneficiaries of deceased parents/spouses or retired government/ parastatals/ local
authority’s employees.
19 Alimony: Alimony is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to his or her
spouse before or after marital separation or divorce.
20 Drought relief assistance: Food AID given to people identified as being vulnerable to hunger as
a result of natural disasters, in this case drought.
21 Harambee/Food bank: The household depend on food distributed freely by government for
welfare.
22 In-kind receipts: In kind refers to goods, services, and transactions not involving money or not
measured in monetary terms which are received by the household.
23 Child support (Parents): This is money paid by parents as a financial obligation for the up keep
of their children.
24 Other, Specify
Column H14: Does the household own or have access to any of the following assets?
This question intends to establish whether the household OWN or has ACCESS to various types of
assets. The assets provide an indication of household wealth or socio-economic status.
The household may own or have access to one or more assets. You MUST record all applicable assets.
Instruction
• Read out all the categories from the questionnaire to the
respondent.
• Select either own or access
• At least one household member should own or have access to
the assets for the household to be classified as having access or
ownership.
• The assets referred to here, are those functional assets.
• People who own the assets and are still paying them off should
be considered as owning the assets.
• Motor car includes Sedan, Hatchback, SUV, Bakkie, Bus,
Mini-bus, truck etc.
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Categories
Assets Own Access None

Transportation assets
Motor car
Motorbike/cycle
Bicycle
Animal-drawn cart
Boat/canoe
Communication assets
Computer/Laptop
Smartphone
Radio
Television
TV decoder (e.g. DSTV, GoTV)
Telephone (fixed)
Telephone (mobile)
Home fixed internet connectivity
Mobile internet connectivity
Housing utilities
Refrigerator/Freezer
Electrical/gas stove
Air conditioner
Generator
Microwave
Washing machine
Sewing/knitting machine
Vacuum cleaner
Column H15: Does this household own/have the land rights where this dwelling is built?
This question aims to establish if the household owns/have land rights on which the dwelling unit is built.
This will also provide information that will address the issue of land availability in Namibia.
Note: Even households who are renting or having mortgage, owns or have land rights where the
dwelling unit is built.
Categories and Instructions
1. Yes
2. No, Go to H17
9. Don’t know, Go to H17
Column H16: What legal right does this household have over the ownership of this land where your
dwelling is built?
This question aims to find out the type of ownership over the land the dwelling is built on.
164

Instruction
Record/select the MAIN type only
Categories
01 Customary Land Right – Registered: Communal land right in respect of a portion of communal land
registered in the prescribed register in the name of the person to whom it was allocated. Ask the
right holder if there is a certificate on the land or not. Ask the right holder if there is a certificate
issued in accordance with the Communal Land Reform Act on the land or not. Notice that
certificates of registration are issued by the Communal Land Board of that specific region and
letter from the traditional authority is not considered as a certificate.
02 Customary land rights – Unregistered: An unregistered existing communal land right in respect of
a portion of a communal land. The land under which a person/family is holding is not registered
in accordance with the Communal Land Reform Act and is yet to be recognised as such. Ask the
right holder if there is a certificate issued in accordance with the Communal Land Act on the land
or not. Notice that certificates of registration are issued by the Communal Land Board of that
specific region and letter from the traditional authority is not considered as a certificate.
03 Occupational Land Right: Communal land right in respect of portions of communal land assigned
or occupied by institutions providing public services. If the land is used for a health facility but
not registered under this right, the enumerators should probe further whether the land right
is unregistered, registered customary land right or leasehold.
The following occupational land rights for the provision of public services may be allocated in
respect of communal land for –
(a) Government projects;
(b) projects of a State-owned enterprise as referred to in the Stateowned Enterprises Governance
Act, 2006 (Act No. 2 of 2006);
(c) health facilities;
(d) educational, social or sport facilities;
(e) church facilities;
(f) non-profit making organisation facilities; and
(g) community projects.
04 Leasehold / Contracts – Urban and declared settlement: A right granted to a person to lease a
portion of land which is situated in a declared urban or settlement area for a specified period.
This may take the form of a written or verbal rental contract or similar.
05 Leasehold / Contracts – Agricultural (Commercial): A right granted to a person to lease a portion
of land which is situated in agricultural commercial land (commercial farms) for a specified period.
This may take the form of a written or verbal rental contract or similar.
06 Leasehold / Contracts – Communal: A right granted to a person to lease a portion of land which
is situated in a communal land for a specified period. This may take the form of a written or
verbal rental contract or similar.
07 Starter Title: The starter title right is the simpler level of land tenure that provides the holder
with the right to occupy an undefined site in an informal settlement within a blockerf. Starter title
schemes and land hold title schemes may only be established on land situated within the
boundaries of a municipality, town, or village council or within the boundaries of a settlement
area. In Namibia, these are both associated with informal settlements. “Blockerf” means a piece
of land on which a starter title scheme or a land hold title scheme is established. For example the
certificate of occupancy issued by the City of Windhoek, Oshakati.
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08 Landhold Title: The landhold title right is an upgrade of the starter title right that provides the
holder with the right to occupy a defined plot in an informal settlement within a blockerf.
09 Freehold Title: A freehold title right is a higher-level land right that enables the right holder to
own the land or property outright and such right is formally registered in the Deeds Registry. It
applies to land situated in agricultural commercial and urban areas. In Namibia no freehold land
rights are granted in communal areas and declared settlements.
10 Others, specify
99 Don’t Know
H17: Has any usual member of this household engaged in the following production activities in the past
12 months (October 2022 to September 2023)?
The purpose of the question is to identify households that are engaged in production activities related to
aquaculture, fishing, forestry and agriculture in the past 12 months (October 2022 to September 2023).
The information collected from households will assist in the design of the agricultural census frame. .
Additional Notes:
• If a member owns the farm for both crops and/or livestock is away from
the agricultural holding but employed someone that stays there, then the
owner as a member of household is not engaged in Agriculture (crop and/
or livestock) but the worker is engaged in agriculture production activity.
• If the owner/any other member directly works on the farm and the farm is
within the proximity of 50km, then it is an agricultural household.
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS:
• The household that is operating the land and livestock at the time of the census represents the
agricultural holding and, moreover, should report all crop and livestock activities during the
reference year, including activities carried out prior to the sale.
• Reference period for crops: Refers to the agricultural year for crops (i.e. October 2022 to
September 2023)
• Reference period for number of livestock: Refers to the number of livestock kept by the
agricultural household on the day of enumeration irrespective of ownership. This number should
also include the livestock belonging to the holding but temporarily away or in transit on the
day of enumeration and which are not on any other holding.
Categories
1 Aquaculture: Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, molluscs, crustaceans,
plants, crocodiles, alligators and amphibians. In the context of farming, this refers to some
intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding and
protection from predators. Aquaculture normally involves rearing of organisms from fry, spat or
juveniles. Aquaculture may be carried out in ponds, paddy fields, lagoons, estuaries, irrigation
canals or the sea, using structures such as cages and tanks. It may take place in freshwater or
saltwater.
166

2 Fishing: refers to the capturing of fish, i.e. the hunting, collecting and gathering activities directed
at removing or collecting live wild aquatic organisms (predominantly fish, molluscs and
crustaceans) including plants from the oceanic, coastal or inland waters for human consumption
and other purposes by hand or more usually by various types of fishing gear such as nets, lines
and stationary traps. Such activities can be conducted on the intertidal shoreline (e.g. collection
of molluscs such as mussels and oysters) or shore based netting, or from home-made dugouts or
more commonly using commercially made boats in inshore, coastal waters or offshore waters.
Unlike in aquaculture ,the aquatic resource being captured is usually common property resource
irrespective of whether the harvest from this resource is undertaken with or without
exploitation rights. Such activities also include fishing restocked water bodies.
3 Forestry: This division includes the production of roundwood as well as the extraction and
gathering of wild growing non-wood forest products. For example, production of timber,
pulpwood and firewood, wood chips, mushrooms, berries, mopane worms, charcoal, aloe vera,
and operation of forest tree nurseries among others. These activities can be carried out in
natural or planted forests.
167

4 Crop farming: involves the growing or cultivation of plants that may be used for consumption or
marketing by a household. These are any kind of grain used for food, especially cereal. This
includes Mahangu (pearl millet), maize, sorghum, beans, wheat, sunflower and others. NB:
Fruits, vegetables, flowers or ornamental plants, also nuts, herbs, mushrooms, algae and
seaweed are classified as crops hence should be treated as such.
5 Livestock farming: Refers to the practice of raising all animals, birds and insects kept or reared
in captivity mainly for agricultural purposes. This includes cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs,
as well as bees and silkworms. Domestic animals (pets), such as cats and dogs are excluded
unless they are being raised for food or other agricultural purposes. NB: Poultry are domestic
fowls, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, or geese, ostriches raised for meat or eggs are classified
under livestock hence should be treated as such.
Instruction
• Read out all the categories,
• If “Yes on crops in H17”, go to H18
• If “Yes on livestock in H17”, go to H19
• If no on both agriculture categories (crop farming and
livestock farming), then it is a non-agricultural household.
End interview, (although other categories (such as
Aquaculture, fishing, forestry are selected)).
H18: If Yes on crops in H17, what type and size of crop is the household engage in?
This question is a follow-up to those that answered “YES” on crop in H17. These questions aim to
capture the type of crops and the land size on which the crops are grown.
• Mixed Crop: The land size occupied by more than one for example, Mahangu, Maize and
Pumpkins etc..
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• Pure Stand: The land size occupied by one crop only e.g. Mahangu
Instruction
• For an area that is less than 0.25 hectares, record zero (0),
else record actual number of hectares given by the
respondent.
• For CAPI, if mixed cropping is selected, enter the number of
plots and the size in hectares for all the mixed crops.
169

Cereals
Mahangu/millet (Pure stand)
Maize (Pure stand)
Sorghum (Pure stand)
Wheat (Pure stand)
Mixed cropping
Vegetables and melons (Pure stand)
Melons
Pumpkins
Cabbages
Spinach
Carrots
Tomatoes
Onions
Leguminous crops (Pure stand)
Beans
Cow Peas
Bambara Beans
Fruits and nuts (Pure stand)
Mangoes
Paw-Paws
Lemons
Guavas
Oranges
Nuts
Dates
Berries
Other specify
Below are the pictures for Leguminous crops
Beans
170

Cowpeas
Bambara Beans/Nuts
Nut/ground nuts
171

A hectare is a unit of area equal to 10,000 square meters, (1 hectare= 100m×100 m^ ). Usually used to
measure land.
Symbol: ha
1 ha = a side of soccer field (the inside of the field with white marking as shown in the pictures below;
the area between the two goal poles)
Example 1
Example 2: Enumerators should request the respondents to demonstrate/illustrate the land size and
base the estimation on the demonstration given by the respondent.
Instruction
Mark ‘X’, or select all the appropriate responses.
Indicate the number of trees for fruit trees (not land size in hectares).
H19: If Yes on livestock in H17, what type of livestock is the household raising?
Instruction
Record the appropriate number
172

Categories
Cattle, small stock and equine

Cattle
Goats
Sheep
Pigs
Donkeys
Horses
Poultry
Chickens
Ducks
Geese
Other specify
Duck Goose
H20: What is the main purpose of production of this/these agricultural activity/activities??
Instruction
Record/select the MAIN purpose only
Categories
01 Producing mainly for sale

02 Producing mainly for sale with some own consumption
03 Producing mainly for own consumption with some sale
04 Producing mainly for own consumption
Quiz 9: Test your understanding by answering questions.

Scenario 1
• Patricia lives in a house located near 77 Independence Avenue. Her DU is owned by James, an
entrepreneur from Ovamboland. The roof material used for Patricia’s flat is constructed out of
corrugated iron and the outer walls are built out of bricks, the floor is constructed out of
wood. Her DU has 5 rooms in total, two sleeping rooms, 1 kitchen, 1 living room, 1 toilet.
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• The dwelling unit has piped water inside for cooking food, they also buy purified bottled water
for drinking purposes. Additionally, the household is connected to a power grid which is
used for cooking, heating and lighting.
• The toilet of the DU is not shared and private by nature. Furthermore, the municipality regularly
collects the household’s garbage. Members of Patricia’s household mainly communicate in
Oshiwambo, particularly Oshindonga. Her salary is her main source of income but has other
small businesses where she gets some income.
(a) Complete H1-H16 of the questionnaire
Scenario 2
Suppose you as an enumerator in an EA on 29 September 2023 is faced with a homestead in a rural
area. The setup is one of a father who has two sons that are married and have their home structures
build around next to the father’s house. As an enumerator you identify that there are three different
households in this homestead with shared cattle kraal whose holder is the father who is the head of
household A.
The livestock in the kraal are 100 cattle of which 60 cattle are owned by household A, 15 cattle are
owned by household B and household C owns 25 cattle. Household A also has two crop fields that
they cultivate and harvest from. Household A crop fields sizes are Mahangu pure stand size is 1.4 Ha
and mixed crop field of sorghum and mahangu size of 0.25 Ha.
Household B has a fishpond that covers 4000 square meters (about 0.4 Ha) in surface area to provide
for the family, but this household has no crop field. While household C has one crop field of 0.7 Ha
that they cultivate, in addition to the mixed field belonging to the father that they also harvest from.
1. Considering the three different households indicate for each whether it is an agricultural house
hold or not.
2. In the questionnaire complete section H17, H18 and H19 for all the households.
8.12 Summary Section
8.12.1 Interview conclusion of CAPI/questionnaire:
Instructions:
• Write/select the final interview conclusion response or code of the final result of the interview
as discussed in Chapter 7, section 7.5
8.12.2 Number of persons in the household or institution/place

Summary counts are very important as they help NSA to compile and release the Preliminary census
results, hence it is essential to record summaries for each questionnaire used.
Instruction
• For all the Forms enter the male, female and person totals on
each form on the spaces provided, these should be entered after
all persons are enumerated in a household/institution/place.
• In CAPI, the summary will be done automatically.
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8.12.3 Date of interview
It’s important to write/record the date when the interview started and ended as this will help in future
planning of census and surveys. The starting date is always at the beginning of the questionnaire and the
ending date is at the end of the questionnaire.
Instruction
Write/record the date (day and month) and time (Hrs. and Min) the interview
ended before you leave the household.
8.12.4 Field Staff
• Here the enumerator and the supervisor are required to write their full names and staff code.
• Enumerator and supervisor must also sign off the completed questionnaire with a date (day
and month) in the summary section.
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176

2023
PLAY YOUR PART, BE COUNTED
Namibia Statistics Agency Tel: +264 61 431 3200

P.O. Box 2133, Fax: +264 61 431 3253
FGI House, Post Street Mall, Email: 2023-census@nsa.org.na
Windhoek, Namibia www.nsa.org.na
177

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1

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

CHAPTER 2: KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ������������������������ 10

CHAPTER 3: MAP READING AND ORIENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ������������������������ 14

CHAPTER 4: LISTING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ������������������������ 25

CHAPTER 5: LISTING AND ENUMERATION OF HOUSEHOLDS/INSTITUTIONS/SPECIAL

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

CHAPTER 7: CENSUS INSTRUMENT (QUESTIONNAIRE) AND CODING OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE..72

CHAPTER 8: INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE QUESTIONNAIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

1.2 Legal Provision

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

1.4 Objectives of the 2023 PHC

The Specific census objectives of the PHC include:

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

1.6 Sources of errors in census data

The three critical stages of census implementation are:

1.6.1 Coverage errors

1.6.2 Non-response errors

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

1.6.2.1 Control of non-response errors

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

Respondent as a source of Response Error:

Enumerators as source of Response Error:

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

2.1 Dwelling unit

An institution can be defined as sets of premises in a permanent structure or structures designed to

2.3 Households (Conventional/ Private)

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

2.6 Head of household

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

2.8 Primary Respondent

2.9 Census Reference Night (CRN)

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

3.1 What is a Map?

3.1.1 Tile Package

Figure 1: Example of a Tile package on a Tablet

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

a) Maps ensure coverage and facilitate census operations (pre-enumeration).

3.3 Types of Maps for the Census 2023

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

3.4 Common Map Elements for the 2023 PHC

Title Scale & Direction

Figure 2: Map Elements

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

3.4.7 Dwelling Structure Numbers

3.5 How to measure distance on a Map?

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

3.6 Map Inset

Overview Map: This helps the

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

Inset 2: Shows inset 2 of 14 as

Figure 3: Map Insets

3.7 Enumeration Area Field Orientation

Direction (using the sun)

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

These are the different ways to orient a map/tile package:

3.8 Use of imagery in the 2023 census

2023 Census Data Collection Instruction Manual

Unlocking the rich information in a satellite image:

1. Look for patterns, shapes, and textures.

CHAPTER 2: KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 10

CHAPTER 3: MAP READING AND ORIENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 14

CHAPTER 4: LISTING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� 25

CHAPTER 7: CENSUS INSTRUMENT (QUESTIONNAIRE) AND CODING OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE..72