Eaton Guide Reference Design Healthcare Critical Power en Us

Reference design guide:
Critical power for healthcare

MV and LV Power Distribution
Uninterruptible Power Supply
www.eaton.com
Reference design guide: Critical power for healthcare
MV and LV Power Distribution & Uninterruptible Power Supply
Table of content
1. Introduction��03
2. Medical locations general requirements and standards��04
3. Standard reference design critical power in hospital��12
Appendix 1. Single line diagram��33
Appendix 2. Room layout MV and transformers��34
Appendix 3. Room layout LV Main distribution boards��35
Appendix 4. Room layout UPS and battery��36
Appendix 5. Wiring diagram, parallel Eaton 93PM UPS system��37
Appendix 6. Additional links��38
Note! This design is to be used only for reference. Final

design responsibility remains fully with the electrical
infrastructure designer. Compliance with all local design
rules, regulation and standards are to be ensured by the
designer in the final designs.
EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 2

1. Introduction
Designing electrical installations in healthcare requires The second part of this Reference Design guide describes
high expertise and knowledge about medical locations. the critical power infrastructure for a medium size hospital
At the same time, it requires good coordination with other of 260 beds. The main design principle is resiliency,
types of installations that are necessary for the reliable including redundant power path from dual public electrical
operation of the entire building, such as information supply down to the medical locations and use of multiple
technology, medical gases distribution, water, heating, power supplies.
cooling, ventilation, etc.
The target audience for this reference design are
This guide first provides an overview to standard designers and consultants involved in healthcare sector.
requirements based on IEC 60364 Low voltage electrical This reference design guide aims to answer the frequently
installations – Part 7-710: Requirements for special asked questions we hear from consultants and designers
installations or locations – Medical locations. related to MV and LV power distribution and UPS systems.

2. Medical locations General

requirements and standards
Medical location is defined as “location intended for the 2.1 Electrotechnical standards
purposes of diagnosis, treatment (including cosmetic
treatment), monitoring and care of patients” for healthcare
(IEC60364-7-710.3.1). When designing and implementing Each building in which a medical facility is located contains
electrical installations in healthcare, it is necessary to a certain part of non-medical locations, which are designed
consider many requirements, which are given by the according to the usual rules for low-voltage installation
nature of the medical facility. Important aspects are: of buildings, and a part with medical locations, where
• National legal requirements for medical facilities, the specific requirements of IEC60364-7-710 must be
followed. Low voltage electrical installations –
• Safety of the installation in terms of protection against Part 7-710: Requirements for special installations or
electric shock, locations – Medical locations. This standard applies to
installations for hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums, medical
• Fire protection,
centers, surgeries, ambulances and other designated
• Emergency lighting system, objects and spaces (rooms). Each object is different, which
requires an individual approach, case by case.
• Power reliability for important and very
important circuits, Note: In this Reference design guide, the article numbers of the
• Safety and operational requirements for operation, standard (cl. 710.xxx) are given in brackets.
• Clarity for the operation of terminal circuits, Designing electrical installations for healthcare is a very
specialized activity and cannot be performed without
• Clarity of indication of critical conditions, knowledge of related regulations and specific conditions in
• Troubleshooting methods, healthcare facilities. In particular, the following areas must
be taken into account:
• Operation and maintenance costs and more.
• The legal requirements of the country concerned for
The power supply of the medical facility on the medium medical facilities
voltage supply side should, if possible, be provided in such
a way that in the event of a failure, an alternative power • General requirements for low voltage electrical
supply is available. Transformers are designed with a installations (IEC 60364-1)
power reserve and in such connection that in the event of • Protection against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41)
failure or maintenance, the operation of the medical facility
is ensured. • Fire protection (IEC 60364-4-42, IEC 60364-5-52)
The scope and method of connection of the low voltage • External influences (IEC 60364-5-51)
installation in the building is dimensioned according to the • Protection against overload and short circuit
requirements of the operator. This needs a very precise
(IEC 60364-4-43, IEC 60364-5-52)
determination of the operating conditions with regard
to the criticality classification of individual circuits, their • Verification (IEC 60364-6 - initial and regular revisions,
method of power supply and ensuring the backup of IEC 60364-7-710 - inspections)
power supply using safety sources such as generators and
• Medical locations (IEC 60364-7-710)
uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
• Energy efficiency (IEC 60364-8)

2.1.1 Normative references related to The design of electrical installations in medical facilities

2. medical applications (710.2):
has many differences from conventional installations.
These are in particular:
IEC 60601-1: Medical electrical equipment – Part 1: • External influences – with regard to the focus of
General requirements for basic safety and health facilities
essential performance
• Classification of medical locations (Group 0, 1, 2)
IEC 60364-1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions • Multiple power supplies in one installation – back-up and
power change-over requirements
IEC 60364-4-41: Protection against electric shock
• Additional safety requirements
IEC 60364-4-42: Protection against thermal effects Overview of these requirements is provided in
IEC 60364-4-44: Protection against voltage disturbances this chapter.
and electromagnetic disturbances
IEC 60364-5-51: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment - Common rules
2.2.1. External influences
equipment - Wiring systems Determining the external influences (according to IEC
60364-5-51) that will affect the electrical installation and
IEC 60364-5-53: Selection and erection of electrical electrical equipment is one of the basic conditions for a
equipment - Isolation, switching and control properly executed project. In healthcare, the following
three basic influences must be taken into account
in particular:
equipment - Other equipment
a) Medical devices. All modern electrical devices use
switched power supplies, which are a source of
equipment – Safety services
harmonics. According to the documentation of the
IEC 60364-6: Verification electrical equipment supplier, the appropriate external
influence must be selected, for example: AM3
IEC 60947-6-1: Transfer switching equipment Electromagnetic, AM4 Ionization, AM5 Electrostatic.
IEC 61439: Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear b) Patients. According to the focus of the medical area,
assemblies (IEC 61439 series) the following is used: BA2 children, BA3 person
IEC 61557-8: Insulation monitoring devices for IT systems with disability.
IEC 61557-9: Equipment for insulation fault location in c) Building occupancy, including the public, patients,
IT systems medical staff and other employees. According
to the number of persons and the layout of the
IEC 61558-2-15: Particular requirements for isolating building, the relevant external influence is determined:
transformers for the supply of medical locations BD – Evacuation (BD2, BD3, BD4). More detailed
information on this overview is provided in the
following sections.
2.1.2 Special national conditions 2.2.2 Classification of medical

National characteristics and practices need to be locations (Group 0, 1, 2)
accounted, e.g. climatic conditions and electrical earthing
For the correct design of the electrical installation and
conditions. An overview of national deviations for all
the selection of the correct method of power supply for
countries is given in Annex ZA of each national installation
medical locations, it is necessary to allocate classification
standard, which is based on IEC 60364. For the countries
of medical locations (cl.710.30) in agreement with the
in which the relevant special national conditions apply
medical staff and the person(s) responsible for the
these provisions are normative, for other countries they
medical safety. The electrical equipment designer will
are informative.
then use this information for the design according to the
applicable standards.
The degree of danger to the patient due to a failure in
the electrical installation or power supply determines the
2.2. Classification of medical division of medical locations into three groups, as shown
locations and safety circuits in in Table 1 (710.3.5-710.3.7)
medical locations
Medical location is defined as “location intended for the
purposes of diagnosis, treatment (including cosmetic
treatment), monitoring and care of patients”.

Table 1. Classification of safety services for medical locations and minimum capability of power supply
2. (according to IEC 60364-7-710, Annex A - normative Table A.1.)
Classification Definition Medical location examples

Group 0 Medical location where no applied parts are intended to be used and Waiting rooms, massage rooms. Medical electrical
where discontinuity (failure) of the supply cannot cause danger to life (ME) equipment are supplied from public
electrical supply.
Group 1 Medical location where discontinuity of the electrical supply does not Patient rooms, rooms for endoscopy, physiotherapy,
represent a threat to the safety of the patient and applied parts are hydrotherapy, dentistry, dialysis, magnetic resonance
intended to be used as follows: imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, etc.
• Externatlly
• Invasively to any part of the body, except where condition to
group 2 applies
Group 2 Medical location where applied parts are intended to be used in Operation rooms, intensive care units, etc.
applications such as intracardiac procedures or vital treatments and
surgical operations, where discontinuity (failure) of the supply can
cause danger to life
2.2.3 Multiple power supplies 2.2.3.1 Types of safety power

in one installation supply sources
There are several power supplies in one healthcare Generators. Standard ISO 8528-12 applies to generators
installation. powered by internal combustion engines that are used as
safety sources.
Basic power supply is provided by the public electrical
supply and the usual rules of the IEC 60364 apply. The IEC 60364-7-710 standard (710.560.6.1.101)
specifies the conditions for the power of the backup
Safety power supply must automatically take over the
generator. The dimensioning of the generator (usually
function of the basic power supply if there is a drop or
diesel generator unit) in healthcare for circuit backup is
loss of voltage on the basic power supply. Backup power
required according to the prime running power (PRP).
sources are typically generators and UPS systems.
This means that the permissible average output power
The safety power supply system shall automatically per 24 hours of operation must not exceed 70% of the
take over, if the voltage of one or more incoming live basic output (according to ISO 8528-1: 2005, cl. 13.3.2).
conductors of the main distribution board of the building It is recommended that the source sets with internal
with the main power supply has dropped for more than combustion engines have the possibility of short-term
0,5 s and by more than 10% in regard to the nominal synchronization with the network, because during regular
voltage (710.56). testing of the generator function (see cl. 710.62) there are
no power failures.
A change-over between basic and safety supplies are
provided by automatic transfer switches (ATS). These Uninterruptible Power System (UPS). A UPS is defined
devices are critical components of emergency or standby as combination of power electronic converters, switches
power system. ATS are reliable, rugged, and compact and energy storage devices (such as batteries) constituting
assemblies for transferring energy from safety power a power system for maintaining continuity of load power in
supply to selected part of medical installation. In case case of input power failure. A double conversion UPS also
of take-over time > 15s, non-automatic (manual) transfer ensures the power quality of load power from all mains
switch can be used. power problems, including power sags, surges and brown
outs. Main UPS design parameters are rated power and
An additional main incoming power supply from the public backup time in stored energy mode. General requirements
electrical supply is not regarded as a source for the safety for UPS are stated in EN/IEC 62040, parts 1 to 3. When a
power supply. (710.560) UPS is used as a safety power supply source, it is typically
The availability (readiness for service) of safety power required to be able to start the UPS without any upstream
sources shall be monitored and indicated at a suitable supply available.
location (710.560) Design principles of UPS system for Group 2 medical
locations are presented in chapter 3.3.

2.2.4 Classification of safety services for medical locations

2. The requirements for safety circuit classes for medical facilities are given in Table 2.
Table 2. C
lassification of safety services for medical locations (according to IEC 60364-7-710,
Annex A - normative Table A.1.)
Classification Expression Capability of power supply (minimum)

CLASS 0,5 Short break ≤ 0,5 s 3 hours. May be reduced to 1 hour, if power source according to class 15 is installed
CLASS 15 Medium break ≤ 15 s 24 hours. May be reduced to 3 hours, if evacuation can be within 3 hours
CLASS > 15 Long break >15 s 24 hours
In medical locations, the distribution system should be c) Power supply sources with a change-over period
designed and installed to facilitate the automatic change- > 15 s (Class >15)
over from the main distribution network to the electrical
Equipment which is required for the maintenance of
safety source feeding essential loads, as it is also
hospital services. May be connected either automatically
described in IEC 60364-5-55.
or manually to a safety power supply source capable of
The detailed requirements for safety power supply maintaining it for a minimum period of 24 h. Hospital
services as per this classification are: services include equipment, such as sterilizers, heating
of buildings, air conditioning, ventilation; refrigeration
a) Power supply sources with a change-over period equipment; kitchen equipment; battery chargers, etc.
≤ 0,5 s (Class 0,5)
In the event of a voltage failure, a safety power supply
shall be used which is capable of providing power supply
for a period of at least 3 h for
Luminaires of operating theatre tables
•
2.2.5 Allocation of group numbers and
Medical electrical equipment containing light sources
•
being essential for the application of the equipment,
classification for safety service in
endoscopes, including associated essential equipment, medical locations
e.g. monitors
Table 3 shows a list of examples, as it is provided in IEC
• Critical life-supporting medical electrical equipment 60364-7-710 (Table B.1 - Informative).
• Light sources for endoscopic surgical field-luminaries. This table considers firstly allocation to Groups 0, 1 and
2, and secondly classification according to classes of
b) Power supply sources with a change-over period safety services. It gives a clear categorization of medical
≤ 15 s (Class ≤ 15) locations, but it is provided in the standard as guidance
This class is intended mainly for safety lighting. The only. A definitive list of medical locations showing their
standard lists places where at least minimum lighting assigned groups is impractical, as the use of locations
must be provided, such as rooms with emergency power (room types) will differ between countries and even within
supply switching and control devices, main building a country. The responsible management of the medical
switchboard, basic service areas, fire alarm and monitoring location (including medical staff) should be involved in the
system, Group 1 medical rooms , Group 2 rooms of decision where safety services are needed.
medical premises with power supply of at least 50%
of luminaires, etc.

Table 3. List of examples of medical locations and their group classification (guideline, according to
2. IEC 60364-7-710, see Annex B - informative, Table B.1)
Group Class
> 0,5 s ≤
Medical location 0 1 2 ≤ 0,5 s 15 s
1 Massage room X X X
2 Bedrooms X X
3 Delivery room X xa) X
4 ECG, EEG, EHG room X X
5 Endoscopic room xb) X xb)
6 Examination or treatment room X X X
7 Urology room xb)
X xb)
8 Radiological diagnostic and therapy room X X
9 Hydrotherapy room X X
10 Physiotherapy room X X
11 Anaesthetic area X x a)
X
12 Operating theatre X xa) X
13 Operating preparation room X x a)
X
14 Operating plaster room X xa) X
15 Operating recovery room X x a)
X
16 Heart catheterization room X xa) X
17 Intensive care room X xa) X
18 Angiographic examination room X x a)
X
19 Hemodialysis room X X
20 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) room X X X X
21 Nuclear medicine X X
22 Premature baby room X x a
X
23 Intermediate Care Unit (IMCU) X X X
a) Luminaries and life-support medical electrical equipment which
needs power supply recovery within 0,5 s or less.
b) Not being an operating theatre.
Use of UPS
With this information provided by the IEC 60364-7-710 standard, the hospital electric circuits can be categorized by use
of multi-source power supply systems by safety source and recovery time requirements as in Table 4 and Table 5.
Table 4. Hospital electric circuit categorisation
Hospital electric circuit Power supply

Low criticality circuits Basic power supply
Power supply from the public electrical supply
Important circuits with power recovery time > 15 s Basic power supply
Power supply from the public electrical supply
Safety power supply
Backup source from the generator
Important circuits with power recovery time > 15 s Basic power supply
Critical circuits with power recovery time ≤ 15 s Power supply from the public electrical supply
Safety power supply
Backup source from the UPS and the generator

Table 5. Guidelines from IEC standard for the design of medical locations
2.
IEC 60364-7-710 Medical location Group 0 – ME (Medical Electrical) Group 1 – ME equipment used, Group 2 – ME equipment used,
equipment not used supply failure does not cause threat supply failure causes threat to
to patient’s life patient
Examples Massage rooms etc. Examination and treatment rooms Operating theatre, operating
etc. recovery rooms etc.
Is safety power supply needed? 2 sources needed 2 sources needed, one shall be 2 sources needed, one shall be
safety source safety source
Allowed duration of interruption ≤ 15 s for emergency lighting ≤ 15 s for emergency lighting ≤ 0,5 s for luminaires, monitors and
critical life supporting equipment
≤ 15 s for emergency lighting
Use of RCD Yes No, circuits in medical IT network)
See more information in Yes (e.g. large equipment with rated
chapter 2.2.6 power > 5 kVA)
Note! Medical location categorization may vary by country. Table 6 shows the risk categories from
UK Health Technical Memorandum 06-01.
Table 6. Country specific guidelines in UK Health Technical Memorandum 06
UK HTM 06-01 Clinical 1 Support service 2 Ambulant care and 3 Emergency care and 4 Special medical 5 Life support /
risk categories circulation diagnostics diagnostics locations complex surgery
Examples Waiting room, office, Patients in Mental health wards, Accident and Operating theatre,
lab, etc. consultation, out- some maternity areas, emergency, MRI, etc. cardiac ward, etc.
patient areas, etc. etc.
Type of building GP Practice, health clinic and health centre
Community hospital
Large acute healthcare premise
Secondary / safety Optional Optional Yes Yes for medical Yes
power supply (SPS) equipment and
required? engineering loads
Duration of interruption Specific areas should ≤ 15 s, > 0,5 s subject ≤ 15 s for other
allowed be reconnected to SPS to range of patient engineering services
within 3 h to avoid treatment
business continuity risk
Use of RCD Yes
IPS (Isolated Power Depending on load Yes
Supply)*
*) IPS refers to the medical IT network

2.2.6 Additional safety requirements 2.2.6.3 TN and TT systems

2. of electrical installations In final circuits of group 1 rated up to 32 A, residual
in medical locations. current protective devices with a rated residual operating
current not exceeding 30 mA shall be used. Some
The presence of patients in healthcare facilities brings countries require it in circuits up to 63 A rating.
stricter safety requirements, we will mention the most In medical locations of group 2 protection by automatic
important ones. disconnection of supply by means of RCD with a
I∆n≤30mA shall only be used for
• Circuits for the supply of movements of fixed
operating tables
2.2.6.1 Protection against electric • Circuits for X-ray units (it is mainly applicable to mobile
shock (710.40) X-ray units brought into group 2 locations)
• Circuits for large equipment with a rated power > 5 kVA
The conditions for protection against electric shock are
based on the basic safety standard IEC 60364-4-41. • Country specific conditions shall be respected.
The most commonly used protective measure in the event
of a fault is also automatic disconnection, the prescribed
disconnection times are the same.
The conventional touch voltage in group 1 and 2 medical
rooms must not exceed the limit of 2.2.6.4 Medical IT system
25 V (UL ≤ 25 V AC or UL ≤ 60 V DC, respectively).
Generically, medical IT networks (710.411.6) are used for
terminal circuits in group 2 medical locations, which must
be resistant to interruption of supply in case of the first
failure. If an earth fault occurs (first fault), the IT network
is converted to a grounded network (TN). A decrease
2.2.6.2 Requirements for RCD in of insulation resistance is permanently monitored with
medical facilities audible and visual signals by an insulation monitoring
device (IMD) alarming the medical staff and the technical
In medical locations of group 1 and group 2, where RCDs staff. After this first earth fault, the installation remains
are required, only type A or type B shall be selected, safe, however it should be identified and repaired as soon
depending on the possible fault-current arising. as possible. Only the second earth fault will cause
An increase in resistance to avoid nuisance tripping of a disconnection of supply by the upstream
RCD is achieved by using RCD with high surge current protective device.
resistance. In circuits with additional protection by current
Important points for selection of medical IT system are:
protector (30 mA), where surge currents occur (during
switching on, in coordination with surge arresters), it is • Medical IT networks are powered from safety power
recommended to use version G with non-actuating time source backed up by a generator (change-over
up to 10 ms, which have resistance to surge current in the time > 15 s) or from a UPS (change-over time < 0.5 s)
working conductors up to 3 kA (8/20 µs). Commonly used
types are guaranteed resistance only up to 250 A (IEC
• In group 2 medical locations, the medical IT system
61008). If sensitivity up to 300 mA is required, selective shall be used for final circuits supplying ME (medical
type S is available (selective, exposure time 40 ms, surge electrical) equipment and ME systems intended for
current resistance up to 5 kA). life support, surgical applications and other electrical
equipment located in the “patient environment”
or that may be moved into the “patient environment”
(710.3.9), excluding equipment listed in the above
section ‘TN and TT systems’.
Type A • Overload protection is not allowed in secondary circuit
of the transformer. Overcurrent protective devices
(fuses) may be used in the incoming line of the
transformer for short-circuit protection only.
• Overcurrent protection against short-circuit and
Type B
overload current is necessary for each final circuit
• Medical IT system is using medical isolating
transformers (complying to IEC/EN 61558-2-15). The
transformers shall be installed in close proximity to the
medical location (cable length up to max 25 m).
Figure 1. Residual Current Device, type B
• For each group of rooms serving the same function, at
least one medical IT system is necessary, two are used.
G Type G with high immunity against nuisance trips • RCD are not used on secondary side of IT transformer.
S Type S (selective)

2.2.6.5 Supplementary protective • Periodic verification of individual items shall be carried

2. equipotential bonding
out in accordance with local/national regulations. If no
local/national regulations exist, the following intervals
are recommended. If no local/national regulations exist,
In each medical location of group 1 and group 2,
recommended intervals would be followed (710.62):
supplementary protective equipotential bonding shall
be installed and the supplementary protective bonding a) Functional testing of changeover devices: 12 months
conductors shall be connected to the equipotential
b) Functional testing of insulation monitoring devices:
bonding busbar for the purpose of equalizing potential
12 months
differences between the parts, which are located or which
may be moved into the “patient environment” (710.415.2). c) Checking, by visual inspection, settings of protective
devices: 12 months
Sockets connected to safety circuits should be easily
identifiable. However, IEC 60364-7-710 does not provide d) Measurement verifying the supplementary equipotential
any further details. Different systems of differentiation are bonding: 36 months
used in individual countries. This area is not yet unified by
IEC standard, therefore it is necessary to train medical e) Verifying integrity of facilities required for equipotential
staff according to local conditions. bonding: 36 months
Note: colored drawer covers, for example, are used as a simple and f) Monthly functional testing of:
proven system. For example: to restore power up to 15 s - green, up to • Safety service with batteries: a minimum of 15 min
15 s supplemented by medical IT - yellow, up to 0.5 s - orange.
• Safety services with combustion engines: until rated
running temperature is achieved; 12 months for
“endurance run”
2.2.6.6 Requirements for verifications • Safety services with batteries: capacity test
and functional testing (710.6) • Safety services with combustion engines: 60min
• Individual procedures for the initial and periodic In all safety services functional tests, at least 50% of the
verifications are specified in IEC 60364-6 Verifications rated power shall be taken over.
and in IEC 60364-7-710 Medical locations. The contractor g) Measurement of leakage currents of IT transformers:
or the manufacturer shall give advice to the operating 36 months
authority in the operating instructions for the following
necessary periodic verification. Procedures for the h) Checking of the tripping of RCDs at I∆N: not less
periodic verification in medical locations shall be made in than 12 months
close cooperation with the medical staff in order to keep
the risk for patients to a minimum.

3. Standard Reference Design

Critical Power in Hospital
This chapter presents a reference design for critical power in a medium hospital. The following chapters describe the
building blocks of the system from Medium voltage switchgear and transformers to low voltage power distribution and
parallel redundant UPS system supporting the group 2 critical medical locations.
Building type Medium hospital, single building

Hospital capacity 260 beds
Final design load 2,2 MVA
Medium voltage 12 kV
Low Voltage 400 V, 50 Hz
Medical locations Group 0, 1, 2 as per IEC 60364-7-710
Reference design solution Critical power
MV switchgear
MV generators
Transformers
LV distribution boards
UPS systems
Eaton Product Families Eaton Xiria Generator Ring Main Unit
Eaton Power Xpert UX MV Main switchgear
Eaton dry MV/LV transformers
Eaton xEnergy LV distribution boards:
xEnergy Main, xEnergy Light, xEnergy Basic
Eaton 93PM G2 UPS

3.1. Reference electrical design architecture

3. The schematic and block diagram in Figure 2 shows the main electrical design principles in this hospital reference
design. The design complies to the IEC standards for LV distribution in medical locations, providing high redundancy and
resiliency. The Single Line Diagram is also available in Appendix 1.
Figure 2. Block diagram: Reference hospital electrical distribution design strategy
3.1.1 Main design principles

There is dual power path for critical Group 2 areas and redundant backup supply components, including generators (1+1),
MV/LV transformers (1 unit for redundancy) and UPS systems 2(N+1).
The electrical design of the hospital is split in two separate feeds A+B, with change-over switch (S3). Both feeds A and
B are supplying all rooms, and most critical equipment use interleaving of sockets. Any single point of failure is placed as
far downstream near the individual end load as possible.
Generators are sized for approximately 50% of total hospital consumption. They are designed in the MV network due to
high consumption. This design enables using smaller busbar cross-sections and simplifies
the installation.

3.1.2 Final loads by category

3. The reference hospital final design power consumption is 2,2 MVA. Table 7 shows the categorization of final loads and
the power supply design. The load distribution per category varies by project, depending on design selections, so this
table is only illustrating this particular reference design.
Table 7. Reference Hospital load categories
Category % of total Examples Supply Notes

hospital load
Non-medical 53% Heating, Ventilation, Air- Basic power supply. Switches S1 and S2 represent the
Conditioning, Sterilization, Some loads are essential for hospital principle of shedding specific non-
Office, Café, etc. operation and are connected to safety essential loads from safety supply
power supply from generator or UPS during outage
and generator.
Group 0 3% Waiting room, etc. Basic power supply and
Safety power supply from generator.
Group 1 35% Bedrooms, Examination Basic power supply and
room, etc. Safety power supply from generator.
Some loads are supplied from Safety
power supply from UPS.
Group 2 9% Operating room, Intensive Basic power supply and Safety power Larger loads connected to Safety DB
care, etc. supply from UPS. TN network. Use of RCD (30 mA).
High criticality loads connected to the
medical IT (IT MED) network created
by Isolated Power Supply (IPS) units.
Use of RCDs are forbidden.
Bill of Material
OFFERING QUANTITY PRODUCT

GENERATOR RING MAIN UNIT 1 Eaton Xiria
MV MAIN SWITCHGEAR 2 Eaton Power Xpert UX
MV/LV TRANSFORMERS 4 x 800 kVA Eaton Dry Transformers
LV MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARDS basic supply DB Eaton xEnergy Main
safety supply DB
UPS FOR GROUP 2 MEDICAL LOCATIONS 4 Eaton 93PM G2 150(200)
150 kW UPS
60 min VRLA Battery rack
UPS DISTRIBUTION BOARD 2 Eaton xEnergy Main
UPS OUTPUT SAFETY DISTRIBUTION BOARD 2 Eaton xEnergy Light
SUB-DISTRIBUTION BOARDS 75 Eaton xEnergy Light and Basic

3.2 Medium Voltage switchgear relays for current and voltage-based feeder protection
3. and transformers
are implemented in both medium voltage main and
the generator ring main unit switchgear systems.
These microprocessor-based relays are equipped with
communication protocols like IEC-61850, Modbus-RTU
3.2.1 System design considerations and Modbus-TCP/IP, which enable this needed integration
The medium voltage switchgear shall be in accordance
with IEC/EN 62271 series – High voltage Switchgear 3.2.2 Main medium voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies. The transformers shall be
in accordance with IEC/EN 60076-11 series – Dry type Power Xpert UX
transformers. Power Xpert UX is Eaton’s range of withdrawable air
Reliability, resiliency, redundancy and availability of power insulated switchgear used at rated voltage levels up to 24
is critical in hospital applications. At the medium voltage kV with a rated current of 4000 A. The system is available
power distribution level this is achieved through using two with single and double busbar (duplex) configurations. The
separate main medium voltage switchgear systems fed by compact and flexible panel design with three widths and
separate public electric supplies A and B. The generator two depths allows a small footprint. The switchgear design
ring main unit is connected to two generators in 1+1 is focused on single pole insulation and isolation of current
configuration for safety supply. The generator switchgear paths. These arc free zones greatly reduce the potential of
and the main switchgear systems are interconnected internal faults.
to ensure the uninterrupted transfer of power supply Power Xpert UX uses withdrawable technology, mounting
between the sources. the withdrawable parts on a carrier that can be easily
To ensure full resiliency, the switchgear systems should extracted and reintegrated. This allows for operating the
preferably be installed in separate switchrooms or withdrawable switching device from test to service and
substations, in different locations in the site. Access to the back to the test position behind closed doors, ensuring
rooms should be restricted from unauthorized personnel. full internal arc containment at all times. For additional
operation safety, there is an option for full remote
It should be possible to integrate the switchgear operation of the switchgear where withdrawing or
systems in the hospital SCADA or energy management inserting the circuit breaker is controlled remotely.
system to ensure efficiency. Eaton intelligent protection
Figure 3. Eaton Power Xpert UX

3.2.3 Generator ring main unit gas, it is not absorbed or destroyed naturally and can
3. Xiria family is Eaton’s range of compact fixed type metal
remain active in the atmosphere for up to 3200 years.
In medium voltage switchgear, SF6 gas has been used
enclosed air insulated switchgear, equipped with load- as an insulation medium, to provide electrical insulation
break switches and circuit breakers for 12 kV / 20 kA and between internal components. The gas is usually stored
24 kV / 20 kA networks. The nominal current of the load in a sealed tank inside, but seals can fail over time and
break switch is 630 A. The nominal current of the circuit there is SF6 escaping during initial filling and at end of life.
breaker is 200 A or 630 A. All live parts in the panels are The electrical industry is currently responsible for 80% of
single pole insulated. SF6 produced every year. Aside from the environmental
impact, there are health and safety issues concerning toxic
The ON/OFF position of the main vacuum interrupters byproducts that result from the effect of arcs, discharges,
and the position of the integrated earthing are visible and sparks on SF6.
through inspection windows. Xiria is flexible as well
as extremely compact with 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-panel Eaton has been pioneering in SF6-free medium voltage
extendible type available. switchgear systems for over 60 years with more than
200 patented inventions and over one million SF6-free
switchgear panels sold. Eaton Power Xpert UX and
Xiria are using air insulation and switch in vacuum.
3.2.4 SF6-free switchgear This eliminates the risk of leakage of any SF6 gas and
SF6 is the most potent greenhouse gas. According to the minimizes maintenance costs as well as expensive end-of-
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), SF6 life disposal procedures with all materials being re-usable
has a global warming potential 23500 times greater than or recyclable. The metal enclosed, fully insulated and
that of CO2 over a 100-year period. As it is a synthetic isolated design extends the product life.
Figure 4. Eaton Xiria

3.2.5 Distribution transformers
3. Ulusoy Dry Type Distribution Transformers with aluminum
winding cater to Eco-Tier 2 efficiency. The transformers
are manufactured in accordance with the national and
international standards TS EN, IEC, IEEE, CENELEX EN.
Eaton dry type transformers are using high quality epoxy
resin components in the vacuum casting of HV coils.
Quartz sand is used as the filling material. Per customer
request, epoxy resin and insulation materials are used
in coils for H thermal class. A range of accessories are
available, including thermal sensors for temperature
monitoring of both windings and cores, anti-vibration pads
and cooling fans.
The reference design includes two 800 kVA 12 kV/400V
Dyn11 transformers in both feeds A and B.
Figure 5. Eaton Dry Type transformer
3.2.6 Site planning using arc absorbers. This design uses the arc absorbers,
which allow for arc venting inside the switchroom without
The MV switchroom layout drawings are in Appendix 2. danger to operating personnel. This option requires
Figure 6 shows the room layout for MV Main switchroom minimum 3360 mm height for the room.
for feed A and Eaton Power Xpert UX and the MV The dimensions of the switchroom is adjusted to keep
Generator Switchroom and Eaton Xiria. the total pressure within permissible limits, in case of arc
A cable cellar is designed below the floor of the flash hazard venting inside the room. The room should be
switchroom for cable routing. built using either a reinforced concrete wall or a reinforced
concrete cell.
Pressure venting is needed to prevent damage or
accidents in case of an arc fault, either outside the There should also be ventilation inside the transformer
switchroom using arc ducts or within the switchroom rooms, either natural ventilation or fans.
Figure 6. Room layout Main MV A Switchroom and MV Generator Switchroom

3.3 Low Voltage distribution boards This separation must fulfill conditions for specified fire
3. resistance, according to national fire regulations
(e.g. minimum 90 minutes).
3.3.1 System design considerations Distribution boards for Group 2 applications shall be
This chapter describes the general conditions for selection installed in close proximity to the Group 2 medical
of distribution boards, as specified in the standard locations and shall be clearly identifiable.
IEC 60364-7-710. Distribution boards should preferably be installed outside
Distribution boards shall be in accordance with IEC/EN medical locations and should be safely guarded against
61439 series – Low voltage Switchgear and unauthorized persons.
controlgear assemblies.
A distribution board for medical location is a board which
3.3.2 Eaton xEnergy introduction
fulfils all the functions for the supplied medical location Eaton xEnergy distribution boards are suitable for use as
area assigned to it and where the voltage drop in the main both main distribution and final subdistribution boards.
LV distribution board supplied by main power supply is
measured (dropped for more than 0,5 s and by more than xEnergy Main is designed for use as main distribution
10 % of nominal voltage). board with current rating up to 6300 A. By standard,
it comes with IP 31 enclosure, recommended internal
Dedicated distribution boards should be provided separation Form 4. According to request of building
separately for the basic power supply and the safety technology fixed section, box solution or also motor
power supply. control center (MCC) sections can be used.
Figure 7. Eaton xEnergy Main

xEnergy Light distribution boards up to 1600 A, tested xEnergy Basic subdistribution boards up to 630 A with
3. results for assembled combinations are available. flexible configuration for final circuits.
Figure 8. Eaton xEnergy Light Figure 9. Eaton xEnergy Basic
3.3.3 Electrical safety in
LV distribution
Eaton is a leading company in providing safety technology
for low voltage switchboards. This is a short overview of
the available solutions, more information is available in
www.eaton.com.
Diagnose system provides 24/7 temperature monitoring of
vital points in xEnergy system with advanced monitoring,
alarm and trending to allow for planned maintenance
program. It provides early warning of potential faults on
the switchboard before the issue becomes critical.
Today’s Values
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00
Temperature
Figure 10. Components of wireless thermal diagnostic system and example view of the resulting monitoring data.

Seismic rating of xEnergy is tested according to expected Passive protection of persons is recommended if
3. most seismic active locations. operation of the switchboard is regularly required, such
as operation of devices, measuring of values, etc. This
Safety of operation in substations plays a very important
system ensures that any gasses and overpressures
role when considering a standard switchboard or motor
generated during the arcing event are directed upward and
control center design. Due to the high power levels in
away from the front of the equipment, where personnel
switchboards, there is a relatively high risk of the creation
are mostly likely to be.
of internal arcs inside of switchboards. Eaton can offer
effective solutions for mitigation of internal arcs created
inside of power switchboards.
Figure 11. Fully safe operation in front of the distribution board equipped with passive protection.
Arcflash Reduction Maintenance

Systems ARMSTM is used in power
circuit breakers (ACBs, MCCBs) for
the reduction of tripping time to the
minimum possible level. Eaton’s
unique solution allows the reduction
of thermal energy to an acceptable
level to protect the safet
of operators. Activation can be done
automatically by door contact during
door opening.
Figure 12. ARMSTM is a standard option of Eaton’s power circuit breakers.

ARCON arc fault protection system provides the best

3. level of safety for personnel and switchboards. It uses
active electronic protection with an arc quenching unit.
Extremely low reaction time < 1,5 ms with the new
generation ARCON 3G is the fastest system on the
market. It provides full personnel protection even if the
doors are open, e.g. during maintenance. In case of arc Quenching unit
creation, the quenching unit is activated and the main
circuit breaker is disconnected from supply source. This
enables the possibility to restore the distribution board
back into operation. After the root cause for the arc fault
is identified and eliminated, the quenching unit can be
replaced and insulation measurements conducted, after
which the main breaker can be switched on. Light sensors Electronic units
Figure 13. Basic components of ARCON 3G system.
In case the ARCON system is not used, the distribution board would be damaged and restoration to normal operation is
prolonged due to the time required to reconstruct or replace it. Figure 14 shows the safety hazard and damage caused
by an arc in a main distribution board.
Figure 14. Internal arcing inside the main distribution board. The resulting damage to the equipment and safety hazard for
personnel can be significant, when active protection is not used.

3.4 Uninterruptible Power 3.4.1.1 Modular topology and

3. Supply systems Uninterruptible Power
This reference design includes a central 3ph UPS parallel Modules (UPM)
redundant system to support the group 2 medical 93PM G2 Uninterruptible Power Module (UPM) has power
locations and medical IT networks to provide a no-break rating of 50 kW (1.0 PF) or 60 kVA (0.9 PF). It includes
electrical system. The UPS unit and UPS system design all necessary components for the double conversion
principles are covered in this chapter. operation of the UPS, namely the rectifier, DC link, inverter
Chapter 3.3.1 introduces the 93PM G2 product and its and battery converter.
topology and design features. Chapter 3.3.2 describes the The modular topology of 93PM G2 UPS increases
design principles for this reference design application. resiliency and ensures flexibility of the system by
providing the following benefits:
1. Inherent redundancy. Each UPM can operate
3.4.1 93PM G2 UPS introduction independently. In the event of one UPM malfunction,
it can isolate itself from the system and the remaining
Eaton 93PM G2 is a three-phase double-conversion UPS, power modules remain online to support the load.
that supplies conditioned and uninterruptible AC power to 2. Concurrent maintainability. Each UPM can be
critical loads. The available power rating ranges from removed from the system for maintenance while
50 to 360 kVA, with paralleling capability of up to four remaining UPMs continue supporting the load in
units in parallel. double conversion. Power modules can be exchanged
The 93PM G2 is a modern high-performance UPS, which with zero downtime.
builds on the customer valued features by its predecessor 3. Scalability. The power capacity of the 93PM G2 UPS
– the first generation Eaton 93PM UPS. Eaton 93PM G2 is system can be scaled in response to load growth
also an EnergyAware UPS which can be used to support easily by installing field upgrade UPMs.
wider adoption of renewables in the grid as well as
generate revenue and savings from demand response
and grid ancillary services.
STATIC
BYPASS
SWITCH
FUSE
AC BYPASS
SOURCE BACKFEED
CONTRACTOR
AC SOURCE LOAD
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER MODULES
Figure 15. Eaton 93PM G2 200 kW UPS and its modular topology

3.
Hot Swap
Modules can be replaced or added to the Eaton 93PM G2 at any time – without powering the system down
or going to bypass. Units in steps of 50 or 60 kVA can be added while the system is up and running.
Growing capacity is easy, efficient and timely. Critical load is not affected. System downtime is not required.
3.4.1.2 Rectifier features 3.4.1.3 Inverter features

The quality of power in the hospital is important to the The inverter of the 93PM G2 UPS utilizes the three-level
critical loads, but also for optimization of the distribution switching and an output filter to maintain sinusoidal output
upstream of the UPS. voltages at variable load conditions in a power factor
ranging from 0.8 leading to lagging.
Via balancing of phase currents and input power factor
correction, the 93PM G2 rectifier input power factor is > In the case of UPS downstream short circuit, each UPM
0.99, making it appear as a resistive symmetrical load in inverter will supply short-circuit current of up to ~2,5
the hospital upstream network, regardless of the power times the rated current, resulting in 180 A per 50 kVA
factor and imbalance on the UPS inverter. rated power module for duration of 300 ms, in order to
clear the fault.
The rectifier three-level switching and input filtering
ensures sinusoidal waveforms with total current harmonic The 93PM G2 UPS can supply up to 150% overload (75
distortion (THDi) of <3%. kVA / UPM) for 60 seconds, before it will automatically
transfer to static bypass.
Consequently, intended operation of other equipment is
not adversely impacted by switching noise and there is no Special consideration shall be paid to start-up of loads
need to oversize the cabling and transformers to account with large inrush currents (such as transformers, motors,
for load imbalance, poor power factor or heating effects compressors). In these cases, the above-mentioned
of harmonics. current limit of the inverter and inverter overload capability
are important parameters.
When operating on generator, the 93PM G2 provides
configurable settings for maximum input current and
smooth ramp up of the UPS rectifier. This helps to avoid
generator overloads and fluctuations of output voltage
and/or frequency as a result of sudden load steps. The
UPS rectifier ramp-up is achieved by seamless and
controllable power sharing from UPS rectifier input and
battery to support the critical load.

3.4.1.4 Central static bypass module 2. Short circuit protective device, sized and rated
3. 93PM G2 static bypass module includes the static switch,
according to manufacturer’s declared prospective
short circuit withstand Icc or Icw. Eaton 93PM G2
backfeed protection contactor and ultra-rapid bypass static bypass has been tested to safely withstand
fuses, rated in 200 kW and 300 kW capacity. (i.e. without arcing, fire, insulation damage, etc.) a
conditional short circuit current of up to 100 kA, which
Having a central fully rated bypass brings resiliency makes the 93PM G2 UPS suitable to be installed
benefits in the UPS design, since the status or number safely in practically any installation.
of UPMs will not impact the UPS bypass fault clearing
capability or short circuit withstand capability. This makes These components are required in each installation
it possible to design a scalable UPS system without and can be integrated into the UPS or installed directly
compromise in resiliency. upstream the UPS in the distribution board. Eaton 93PM
G2 approach is to integrate these safety components into
Eaton design ensures that the electrical safety is made the UPS static bypass module as pre-designed, pre-tested
easy. The UPS safety standard IEC 62040-1 requires that and pre-installed, to deliver regulatory compliance and
each UPS installation needs to include: ensure the safety of the installation. This is safer, and
1. Backfeed protection to isolate the output of the UPS more cost-effective than integrating them in the
when incoming supply is lost, to prevent hazardous upstream distribution.
voltages upstream. The requirement is in place to
protect the maintenance personnel from risk of
electric shock due to backfeeding of energy.
Static Static
bypass bypass
switch switch
Fuse Fuse
AC
Backfeed bypass Backfeed
contractor contractor
AC bypass source
source External
protection
Load AC source Load

AC source
Uninterruptible power modules Uninterruptible power modules
Eaton 93PM G2 UPS. Alternative UPS

Integrated backfeed protection Installation protective devices not
and fuse integrated in the UPS
Figure 16. Electrical installation safety made easy with Eaton 93PM G2 UPS.

3.4.1.5 Backup power options Eaton advanced battery management (ABM) is an optional

3. Eaton 93PM G2 UPS can integrate a wide range of backup
built-in feature in the 93PM G2 UPS, which extends the
lifetime of VRLA batteries and provides automated
power sources, including VRLA batteries, Li-Ion batteries battery testing.
and supercapacitors.
Extended float charging shortens battery lifetime,
increases energy consumption and gives no advance
notice of battery failure until utility fault results in load
loss. The automated ABM mode introduces a three-stage
3.4.1.6 Lead Acid Battery testing charging process that optimizes the float charging period.
and UPS burn-in testing • For most of the time, the battery sits in rest mode, its
voltage per cell monitored but not actively float charged.
Regular VRLA battery testing is essential for UPSs used • Then system enters charge mode, where the battery
as safety power supplies in hospitals. Regular (e.g.
is charged first in constant current charge and then
monthly) battery health tests are the only way to gain
constant voltage charge to ensure full battery state
a predictive warning for low battery health. If the UPS
of charge.
VRLA battery is kept in constant float charge without
battery test, at worst case the first signal of battery • Finally, the battery is kept in float mode for 96 hours.
failure is during a power outage – when battery is needed Advance notice of degraded battery condition is
the most. Eaton Advanced Battery Management (ABM) obtained with a brief periodic battery test cycle during
is a built-in feature that can automate battery health the float operation.
monitoring, and is described in this chapter. • All parameters are configurable to suit different
In addition, regular (e.g. yearly) battery capacity tests are battery configurations.
a recommended way to monitor battery performance.
The battery test is performed automatically, ensuring that
Traditional testing using an external load bank is a typical
the test gets done under same conditions repeatedly.
way for managing the test. In addition to using a load
Obtaining the battery test data from a long period of time,
bank for battery testing, the 93PM G2 UPS provides also
ensures that a change in battery test result is noticed and
alternative testing method with Easy Capacity Test (ECT),
the UPS signals a battery health alarm.
which will be described later in this chapter.
Charge mode ABM float mode Rest mode
Battery test 1
35 sec
2.3
Battery test 2
Volts per cells
45 sec
<10 days
2.1
24 hours
100 hours max 48 hours – 96 hours 28 days
Figure 17. Eaton Advanced Battery Management three-stage charging technique.

3.
Figure 18. Eaton Easy Capacity Test principle of operation during battery discharge test.
Eaton Easy Capacity Test (ECT) is a testing technology, 3.4.1.8 Resilient parallel UPS system
that allows to perform a burn-in test or battery capacity
test without connecting a load bank to the system. with Hot Sync technology
ECT battery test operating principle is drawn in Figure x. Paralleled UPS units’ inverters need to always share
While on battery mode, the battery is discharged the load equally for balanced parallel operation, even
according to configurable test load level. The energy will during load step changes or abrupt UPS system
be fed to loads connected to UPS output, and if sufficient capacity changes. Typically, parallel UPS systems rely on
load level is not present, remaining energy will flow via communication cable and master-slave configuration to
the static bypass to the other parallel loads connected to share inverter output synchronization guidelines to the
the upstream distribution. parallel connected units.
ECT burn-in test can be performed with full UPS rated This communication is required for the double-conversion
capacity, for example to perform site test or burn-in test operation and can be a single point of failure or force
after power upgrade or major maintenance. In ECT burn-in the UPS system to bypass operation.
test, the UPS output breaker is open and the energy is Eaton Hot Sync UPS paralleling technology increases
circled from rectifier to inverter to static bypass back to resiliency by allowing the parallel UPSs to share the load
the rectifier at nominal rating, with only power losses even without communication link, eliminating a single
taken from the network. point of failure. The patented Hot Sync algorithm is
operating in the digital signal processor in each UPS power
module, and is able to independently adjust the output
frequency of each inverter to ensure load is balanced. It is
based on similar operating principle with droop control as
3.4.1.7 High operating efficiency with generators operating in islanding mode, but thanks
to DSP, it is much more accurate. Hot Sync algorithms
93PM G2 double conversion operating efficiency is up to ensures UPSs can keep running after communication
97%, which reduces the operation energy error even during load steps, ensuring load can remain in
costs and provides savings in cooling. double conversion.

3.4.1.9 Operating modes 3.4.2.1 UPS system sizing based on

3. 1. Online or double-conversion mode. The critical load power and startup inrush
load is supplied via the rectifier and inverter such that currents
any mains voltage and frequency disturbances are
corrected. In this mode the 93PM G2 operates at The total load connected to this UPS system is 146 kVA at
VFI-SSS-111 performance according to the IEC62040-3 0.8 PF, with allowance of future growth to 195 kVA.
UPS standard, meaning the output voltage remains
sinusoidal and independent of the input voltage/ A large part of this load is connected via medical IT
frequency in steady state and load steps. transformers, also known as Isolated Power Supply (IPS)
units. Each IPS unit rating is between 3 to 10 kVA, with an
2. Stored energy mode. In case of mains outage, the inrush current of up to 8 x In according to
UPS transfers to stored energy mode and uses the EN 61558-2-15. The UPS system sizing needs to be
battery system to supply the energy to support the able to provide enough output capacity to start these
critical load. transformers. To avoid UPS oversizing, it is generally
3. Operation from bypass. If an inverter overload recommended to limit total inrush by e.g. energizing
exceeds permitted limits or is manually shut down, large inrush loads on UPS output sequentially instead of
the load automatically transfers to static bypass simultaneously.
without disruption to the load. When the power demand and inrush current are properly
4. Battery start. Makes it possible to start the UPS considered in UPS system sizing, the IPS units do not
without any upstream supply available. This is typically generally place additional specific requirements onto the
required when the UPS is used as safety power UPS. Eaton 93PM G2 UPS is fully compatible with medical
source in medical locations. IT network loads and all IPS units.
5. Variable Module Management System

(VMMS) mode. The UPS system is operating in
double-conversion while significantly improving
the operating efficiency at < 50% operating load. 3.4.2.2 UPS system redundancy
At low load levels, redundant power modules are
automatically placed in suspended mode, ensuring the The electrical design of the hospital is split in two separate
active modules are loaded at their optimum operating feeds A+B, as described in chapter 3.1.
point. In case of any anomalies or utility outage, the
The selected redundancy principle for this UPS system
suspended modules transfer online in less than 2 ms.
is 2(N+1), which enables full redundancy. In this design,
In High redundancy UPS systems, the power modules
the full load capacity remains UPS protected in the event
are typically operating at 20 to 50% load, whereby the
of failure of a single UPS power module, UPS unit or
VMMS mode provides significant benefit.
one side of supply. It ensures that any UPS unit or either
6. Energy Saver System (ESS) mode. The critical load supply side can also be isolated for maintenance. Table 8
is supported through the static bypass, with the UPS shows the common levels of redundancy.
constantly monitoring utility voltage and frequency.
In case of any mains abnormality, transfer to double-
conversion is performed in typically less than 2 ms Table 8 Common levels of redundancy.
transition time. ESS operation provides significant
Redundancy
energy savings with 99 % operating efficiency, level
without compromising system reliability.
Applicable for sites with high mains power quality. N Capacity system, no redundancy.
Removing one unit will result in loss of capacity.
N+1 Redundant unit, one UPS can be removed from
system for full capacity.
System is concurrently maintainable.
3.4.2 Reference Design of UPS 2N Two independent capacity systems,
feed A + B. Fault tolerant.
system as safety supply for
2(N+1) Two independent redundant systems, feed A+B.
Group 2 medical locations Any one unit can be removed from system with no
effect to 2N power path.
As described in chapter 2.2, the critical group 2 medical
locations require a safety power source with ≤ 0,5 s
change-over time to ensure continuity of life critical
equipment and operations.
Chapter 3.1 describes the electrical design in this
reference hospital and shows examples of loads
connected to this central UPS system. The group 2
medical locations consist of operating rooms, recovery
rooms, intensive care and medical wards etc. Some
equipment will be connected directly to the UPS
downstream distribution TN network, while highly
critical equipment is connected via additional
transformers to create a medical IT network,
as described in chapter 2.2.6.

3.4.2.3 Final UPS system configuration efficiency is used in this project, which allows also for
3. The above-mentioned load capacity and selected
some design margin in the sizing.
redundancy level result in a UPS system selection of Additional battery specific sizing factors are:
2x (2 x 150) kW 93PM G2 UPS system. These units are End of discharge voltage. At longer discharge times, a
scalable 200 kW UPS units with additional higher end of discharge voltage is used. For the specified
Field Upgrade power module. 60 minute runtime in our reference project, the cutoff
voltage is 1.75 volts per cell.
3.4.2.4 Battery system sizing Aging factor. The battery capacity decreases with time
and usage. A typical aging factor of 1,25 is applied for this
As described in chapter 2.2.4, the backup time reference design.
requirement given in IEC 60364-7-710 for Class 0,5 safety VRLA Battery room ambient temperature. High ambient
circuits is 1 hour, when a generator is also installed. Each temperature decreases battery life time and increases
93PM G2 UPS will be installed with a dedicated 60 min available energy, whereas low battery temperature
VRLA battery. decreases available energy and increases battery life time.
Typically, the battery-vendor specified optimal ambient
Following load and UPS-specific battery sizing factors
temperature is 20 to 25 °C, and no correction factors
shall be considered:
are needed.
Initial kW load and scalability. The initial load in our
Lifetime. VRLA batteries are available typically with 5-10
reference design is 146 kVA at 0.8 PF, i.e. 116,8 kW. After
year lifetimes. In large UPS systems, 10 year long life
the maximum allocated load growth of 35 %, the resulting
battery is typical to reduce battery replacement costs and
load is 158 kW.
increase availability.
Battery configuration. The alternative battery
Discharge Cycles. The reference design assumes
configurations for a modular UPS system typically are:
generally good quality of the public electrical supply,
• Common battery, all UPS power modules share whereby discharge cycles are typically not a limiting
the battery factor for VRLA lifetime.
• Separate battery, each UPS power modules has its own The final battery configuration selected for this
dedicated battery. Good option for scalable solution, as reference design is
there’s no need to mix young and old batteries.
• 40 pc 12V blocs per string, separate battery per power
Battery string sizing. The UPS battery voltage range module, each UPM has its own string for increased
determines the flexibility of battery string sizing. Eaton resiliency. Protection for each string is implemented in
93PM G2 UPS supports battery string length from 36 to the battery switchboard via individual string breakers.
44 pcs of 12 V blocks in series.
• The battery is installed in an open rack design of
These battery strings can be connected in parallel for W4800 x D750 x H1800 mm per UPS.
higher capacity and/or redundancy.
• After anticipated maximum 35% load growth a fourth
UPS efficiency in battery discharge mode. Some of the string is added and an additional 1600 mm wide rack
battery heat is consumed as losses in the UPS. 95% is installed.
Figure 19. Parallel redundant UPS system 2x(2x 150 kW)

3.4.2.5 UPS Distribution board

3.



The UPS distribution board A includes all input and output

breakers for UPS A parallel system in one enclosure.

Similar setup is repeated for UPS B system.
Below list indicates the breaker legend

and functionality:

• BIB = Bypass Input Breaker
RIB = Rectifier Input Breaker

•
• MIS = Module Isolation Switch

• MBS = Maintenance Bypass Switch

• LBB = Load bank breaker, used for connecting an
external resistive load bank for UPS and battery testing

For more detailed wiring diagram of a parallel UPS system,
please see Eaton 93PM G2 site planning data document.
That document also shows the interlocking arrangement

of the MBS and MIS, used to avoid human error and
loss of load during transfer to and from maintenance
bypass. In this reference design, the interlocking has been
implemented by mechanical interlocking of the rotary
switches in the distribution board. Figure 20. Eaton xEnergy UPS Distribution board
Figure 21. UPS system A and UPS A Distribution board

3.
Figure 22. Floating IT system created by disconnection of upstream neutral.
3.4.2.6 Three-pole switching During an earth fault downstream of the UPS, the loss
of earth reference means there is no return path for the
upstream UPS fault current and the UPS inverter cannot trip downstream
protection. Instead, the system becomes corner grounded
As indicated in the SLD in Appendix X and Figure 19, the via the earth fault impedance, giving rise to potentially
breakers upstream the UPS on the input distribution and hazardous voltages.
LV distribution boards are three-pole while on the UPS
output, four-pole breakers are used. Usage of four-pole Reclosing the upstream breaker in a system where
breakers and transfer switches upstream the UPS system the phase and neutral voltages have drifted will cause
is not recommended, since the breaking of Neutral may a sudden change of voltage and fast transient current
result in hazardous voltages and nuisance tripping. between phases and neutral toward protective earth. In
case there are a lot of EMI-filter equipped loads connected
In the earthed TN-S system, the neutral should remain to the UPS, the fast charge or discharge of the EMI
connected to the earth reference at all times to ensure filtering capacitors can cause a large enough current
proper operation, safe voltage levels and correct transient to trip residual current protective devices.
functionality of protective devices during earth fault. In the
reference design, this earth reference is established in the
main LV distribution board via a PE-N bridge. While 4-pole
breakers will de-energize a downstream distribution with 3.4.2.7 Selectivity design for
loads, they will not de-energize UPS downstream loads UPS system
due to UPS transferring to battery operation, maintaining
output voltages to protect the critical load. As the neutral Selectivity is an important part of the resiliency of a
is disconnected between the PE-N bridge and the UPS, UPS-supplied installation. This chapter will go through the
the earth reference is lost for the part of the UPS supplied selectivity considerations in our Reference design. The
downstream distribution and it begins to behave as a focus will be on the potential short circuit scenario in UPS
floating IT-system, see also Figure 22. downstream distribution.
In normal operation of this IT system, stray capacitances, 93PM G2 inverter short circuit capability is about
inductances and connections to protective earth in e.g. 2,5 x In for duration of 300 ms, for clearing the fault. This
EMI filter components will cause the system phase and means 180 A per 50 kVA power module, 1080 A for total
neutral voltages to drift. In the worst-case scenario, UPS system.
the system may become nearly ‘corner grounded’ where
one of the phases is near earth potential and other phases With the Eaton software tool xSpider (www.eaton.
see line-to-line voltage to earth. In this scenario, a high com/xspider) it is possible to select the suitable type of
voltage is also present between neutral and earth. These protective devices (MCBs, MCCBs, breaking capacity,
voltages can be harmful for loads which are not designed etc.). Examination is done by use of tripping characteristics
for IT distribution and dangerous for maintenance (time-current) and with let-through current and let-through
personnel who may not expect hazardous voltages on energy curves. The correct coordination of protective
the neutral. device parameters is done with the information of UPS
system short circuit capability, to ensure the inverter is
able to clear the fault.

3.
Figure 23. Comprehensive evaluation of selectivity of LV protective devices by use of xSpider software, example image.
If the fault is close to the UPS and the fault impedance is System of 2 X 93PM 200/150 Bypass Fuse Pre-Arc Energy vs Time
small, the inverter output voltage will sag as it operates Total let-through of downstream breaker, NZM1-A (20-160A)
at the previously mentioned inverter short circuit current
limit. When bypass is available, the 93PM G2 will react by
doing an emergency transfer to bypass, to increase the 4
available short circuit current and maintain output voltage.
The UPS bypass static switch is protected by a fast-acting
2
semiconductor fuse, which shall be examined for selective
Let-through energy /2t [A2s
coordination with the outgoing breakers on the UPS

output safety distribution board. 106
Firstly, we determine the prospective short-circuit current 8
while the UPS is on bypass by calculating the fault 6
415 V
impedance from the utility to the fault. Eaton xSpider 4
software tool is using the wiring diagram of the installation 525 V
to model the impedances of the grid, transformers, cables
690 V
and loads while designing and dimensioning the system. 2
The prospective fault currents at various points in the
building network can be calculated. Respective protective
devices are then selected with respect to known values 105
of operating and short-circuit currents. xSpider can work 8
with configurations ranging from simple designs to very 6
complicated networks, including meshed networks with
various sources and loads in different part of installation. 4
In the reference design, the prospective fault current is 30

kA at the UPS output safety distribution board. Taking into 2
account the parallel UPSs by dividing the current equally
for the UPS static bypass paths, the prospective current is 104
15 kA per UPS static bypass fuse.
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 15 20 30 40 5060 80100
Figure 24 compares the I2t pre-arcing curve (available Prospective Short-Circuit Current [kA]
from Eaton Bussmann) of two parallel UPS static bypass
fuses with a total let-through downstream NZM1 circuit
Figure 24. Selective coordination table.
breaker (available via xSpider). At 30 kA, the chart shows
that the UPS outgoing breaker will clear before pre-arcing
of the fuses take place. This confirms proper selectivity
can be achieved.

3.4.2.8 Site planning specification. The allowed ambient operating temperature

3. This chapter includes the important site planning
range of 93PM G2 UPS is 0 to +40 °C.
The battery room ambient temperature is maintained at
considerations for UPS room. For more information about 20 to 25 °C. Sufficient ventilation is required to clear out
the 93PM G2 UPS, please refer to the 93PM G2 User’s any hydrogen gas that may potentially develop after a
and Installation Guide, Site planning data and fault or overcharging. The ventilation of the battery room,
Technical specification. dimensioned accounting for future expansions of capacity
Figure 20 shows the UPS Room A layout, whereas all UPS and following IEC 62485-2 and the battery vendors
and Battery room layout are included in Appendix X. recommendations, results in < 8 m3/h.
Note! The design needs to consider any national regulation regarding
required clearances for escape routes etc.
93PM 150 kW UPS footprint is 800 x 998 mm. Power
cable entries are in top and bottom-right of the cabinet,
1000mm
and connectivity cables are wired through the top left of
the cabinet. A1 UPS 150 kW
Service clearance
93PM G2 UPS used fans to circulate cooling air within the Eaton 93PM G2
cabinet. Cool air is drawn from the front of the cabinet and 150(200)
hot air is exhausted from rear or top of the cabinet.
600mm
• Rear air exhaust is standard configuration. It is UPS A
800mm
necessary to leave a cooling clearance of 200 mm Eaton
behind the unit. Switchboard xEnergy
Eaton xEnergy
• Top air exhaust is option. Additional fans are installed 998mm
on top of the unit. No rear clearance is needed in the
installation. The reference design is made with top air
A2 UPS 150 kW
800mm
exhaust option.
Eaton 93PM G2
Additionally, 400 mm clearance is recommended on the
top of the UPS, to avoid hot air circulating back to UPS 150(200)
cool air inlets. 1000 mm Service clearance is required in
front of the UPS unit.
The 93PM UPSs and distribution boards are located
800mm
Eaton
next to each other to minimize cabling distances, and to xEnergy
facilitate maintenance by providing an overview of the UPS A Output Safety DB
UPS supply from a single room. Eaton xEnergy
Double doors for the UPS and battery rooms simplify
installation and maintenance procedures, allowing to bring
800mm
Eaton
equipment near the final installation location on a pallet. xEnergy
Cables are routed using trays or ladders supported from UPS Room A 600mm
the ceiling. For further reliability, communication cables
utilize shielding and are routed some distance on a
separate tray from the power cables until entering the
cabinet enclosures.
Temperature, humidity and cleanliness of the air in the
UPS and battery rooms are controlled via a closed-loop
HVAC system. Taking into account future load growth
and worst-case scenario with loss of one side, we obtain
maximum heat dissipation for HVAC sizing per UPS room
to be 2 kW, according to 93PM G2 200 kW technical Figure 25. UPS Room A Layout

Appendix 1. Single line diagram

Appendix 1.

Appendix 2. MV Switchgear room layout

Appendix 2.
1550mm
1100mm
800 kVA Transformer 1-1 800 kVA Transformer 1-2 800 kVA Transformer 2-1 800 kVA Transformer 2-2
Eaton Dry Transformer Eaton Dry Transformer Eaton Dry Transformer Eaton Dry Transformer
800mm
550mm 3100mm 550mm
Arc Absorbers Arc Absorbers
MV Main Switchgear A 12KV MV Main Switchgear B 12KV

Eaton Power Xpert UX Eaton Power Xpert UX
1500mm
Main MV A
Switchroom Main MV B
Switchroom
Generator 12KV MV MV Generator

Switchgear Eaton XIRIA Switchroom
600mm
2500mm

Appendix 3. LV Main distribution boards for Basic supply and Safety supply
Appendix 3.
4500mm 6300mm
LV Main distribu�on board LV Main distribu�on board

Basic supply Safety supply
4000mm
LV Main distribu�on board
Eaton xEnergy Main
LV Main distribu�on board

Eaton xEnergy Main
Basic supply
4200mm
Safety supply
LV Main LV Main
Basic supply Safety supply

Appendix 4. UPS and Battery room for safety supply: System A

Appendix 4.
3000mm 7060mm
1000mm
A1 UPS 150 kW BATTERY RACK
Service clearance
Eaton 93PM G2
150(200) Ba�ery breaker
600mm cabinet A1
800mm
950mm
Eaton
UPS A Switchboard xEnergy
Eaton xEnergy 1600mm
998mm
400mm
A2 UPS 150 kW
800mm
4200mm
9941mm
RESERVATION FOR FUTURE RESERVATION FOR FUTURE

Eaton 93PM G2 BATTERY EXT BATTERY EXT
150(200)
Ba�ery breaker
cabinet A2
800mm
Eaton
xEnergy
UPS A Output Safety DB 4800mm
Eaton xEnergy
800mm
Eaton
xEnergy BATTERY RACK
600mm
Ba�ery Room A
UPS Room A

Appendix 5. Wiring diagram, parallel Eaton 93PM UPS system

Appendix 5.

Appendix 6. Additional links

Appendix 6.
For additional documents and websites visit this link.

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application expertise in power distribution and circuit protection;
power quality, back-up power and energy storage; control and
automation; life safety and security; structural solutions; and
harsh and hazardous environment solutions. Through end-to-end
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Eaton is powering what matters across industries and around the
world, helping customers solve their most critical electrical power
management challenges.
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We provide sustainable solutions that help our customers effectively
manage electrical, hydraulic, and mechanical power – more safely,
more efficiently, and more reliably. Eaton’s 2020 revenues were
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For more information, visit Eaton.com
Changes to the products, to the information contained in this

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Only order confirmations and technical documentation by Eaton is
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Reference design guide:

Critical power for healthcare

2. Medical locations general requirements and standards��������������������������������������������������������������������������������04

Appendix 5. Wiring diagram, parallel Eaton 93PM UPS system������������������������������������������������������������������������37

Note! This design is to be used only for reference. Final

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 2

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 3

2. Medical locations General

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 4

2.1.1 Normative references related to The design of electrical installations in medical facilities

2.1.2 Special national conditions 2.2.2 Classification of medical

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 5

Classification Definition Medical location examples

2.2.3 Multiple power supplies 2.2.3.1 Types of safety power

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 6

2.2.4 Classification of safety services for medical locations

Classification Expression Capability of power supply (minimum)

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 7

Table 4. Hospital electric circuit categorisation

Hospital electric circuit Power supply

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 8

Table 6. Country specific guidelines in UK Health Technical Memorandum 06

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 9

2.2.6 Additional safety requirements 2.2.6.3 TN and TT systems

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 10

2.2.6.5 Supplementary protective • Periodic verification of individual items shall be carried

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 11

3. Standard Reference Design

Building type Medium hospital, single building

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 12

3.1. Reference electrical design architecture

Figure 2. Block diagram: Reference hospital electrical distribution design strategy

3.1.1 Main design principles

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 13

3.1.2 Final loads by category

Table 7. Reference Hospital load categories

Category % of total Examples Supply Notes

OFFERING QUANTITY PRODUCT

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 14

Figure 3. Eaton Power Xpert UX

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 15

Figure 4. Eaton Xiria

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 16

Figure 5. Eaton Dry Type transformer

Figure 6. Room layout Main MV A Switchroom and MV Generator Switchroom

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 17

Figure 7. Eaton xEnergy Main

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 18

Figure 8. Eaton xEnergy Light Figure 9. Eaton xEnergy Basic

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 19

Arcflash Reduction Maintenance

Figure 12. ARMSTM is a standard option of Eaton’s power circuit breakers.

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 20

ARCON arc fault protection system provides the best

Figure 13. Basic components of ARCON 3G system.

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 21

3.4 Uninterruptible Power 3.4.1.1 Modular topology and

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER MODULES

Figure 15. Eaton 93PM G2 200 kW UPS and its modular topology

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 22

3.4.1.2 Rectifier features 3.4.1.3 Inverter features

EATON Reference design guide – March 2021 23

Load AC source Load

2. Medical locations general requirements and standards��04

Appendix 5. Wiring diagram, parallel Eaton 93PM UPS system��37

2.1.1 Normative references related to The design of electrical installations in medical facilities

2.1.2 Special national conditions 2.2.2 Classification of medical

2.2.3 Multiple power supplies 2.2.3.1 Types of safety power

2.2.4 Classification of safety services for medical locations

Table 6. Country specific guidelines in UK Health Technical Memorandum 06

2.2.6 Additional safety requirements 2.2.6.3 TN and TT systems

2.2.6.5 Supplementary protective • Periodic verification of individual items shall be carried

3.1. Reference electrical design architecture

Figure 2. Block diagram: Reference hospital electrical distribution design strategy

3.1.1 Main design principles

3.1.2 Final loads by category

Table 7. Reference Hospital load categories

Figure 3. Eaton Power Xpert UX

Figure 4. Eaton Xiria

Figure 5. Eaton Dry Type transformer

Figure 6. Room layout Main MV A Switchroom and MV Generator Switchroom

Figure 7. Eaton xEnergy Main

Figure 13. Basic components of ARCON 3G system.

3.4 Uninterruptible Power 3.4.1.1 Modular topology and

Figure 15. Eaton 93PM G2 200 kW UPS and its modular topology

3.4.1.2 Rectifier features 3.4.1.3 Inverter features

3.4.1.5 Backup power options Eaton advanced battery management (ABM) is an optional

Figure 17. Eaton Advanced Battery Management three-stage charging technique.

3.4.1.9 Operating modes 3.4.2.1 UPS system sizing based on

Figure 19. Parallel redundant UPS system 2x(2x 150 kW)

3.4.2.5 UPS Distribution board

Figure 21. UPS system A and UPS A Distribution board

Figure 22. Floating IT system created by disconnection of upstream neutral.

3.4.2.8 Site planning specification. The allowed ambient operating temperature