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Temperature Spec
Temperature Spec
ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ РЕДАКЦИЙ
REVISION SHEET
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ/CONTENTS
3.0 СОКРАЩЕНИЯ
ANSI—Американский национальный институт стандартов
API—Американский нефтяной институт
ASME—Американское общество инженеров-механиков
ASTM—Американское общество специалистов по испытаниям материалов
BS—Британские стандарты
GOST—Государственный стандарт, ГОСТ
IEC—Международная электротехническая комиссия (МЭК)
IP — Класс защиты от проникновения загрязнений
ISA— Международное общество автоматизации
ISO — Международная организация по стандартизации (ИСО)
NACE – Национальная ассоциация инженеров по коррозии
NPT—Стандартная трубная резьба
СУТП—Система управления технологического процесса
PUE — Правила устройства электроустановок РК (ПУЭ)
RFI—Радиочастотные помехи
RK— Республика Казахстан (РК)
RTD — Резистивный датчик температуры (РДТ)
SIS — Автоматизированная система безопасности (АСБ)
SPI—Микропроцессорная система контроля установки (INtools)
SS—Нержавеющая сталь
TCO — Тенгизшевройл
3.1 Определения
В документе использованы следующие типовые определения:
Компания Тенгизшевройл (ТШО).
Заказчик Сторона, размещающая заказ на покупку или присуждающая контракт
Заказчиком может являться Компания или уполномоченный Компанией
агент.
Подрядчик Любой провайдер услуг для Компании, включая консультантов.
4.1 Данные
1. Для каждого прибора для измерения температуры должен предоставляться лист
технических данных.
2. Листы технических данных должны быть в электронном виде или на печатных
копиях.
a. Система Smart Plant Instrumentation (SPI) – предпочтительное приложение для
создания электронных листов технических данных.
b. Если электронные листы технических данных создаются в системе SPI, то для
оформления листов технических данных на бумажном носителе следует
использовать образцы, включенные в листы технических данных Компании.
3. Если для создания электронных листов технических данных используется система
SPI, необходимо следовать изложенным инструкциям компании, для заполнения
листов технических данных приборов для измерения температуры,
4. Предпочитаемой единицей измерения должна быть метрическая система.
Допустимые исключения указаны в скобках Дополнительные единицы измерения
могут использоваться с предварительного согласия.
A-ST-2008 Исходные данные для проектирования
4.4 Материал
1. Материалы изготовления комплектующих, работающих в контакте с
рабочей/технологической средой должны быть совместимыми с ней.
2. Комплектующие приборов для измерения температуры, работающие в контакте с
рабочей/технологической средой должны быть из нержавеющей стали 316 L или из
стали с лучшими характеристиками, если для процесса не требуется специальный
материал согласно проектным техническим условиям на трубопроводы.
3. Выбор материала для кольцевого уплотнения, контактирующего с рабочей средой,
должен основываться на характеристиках измеряемого процесса.
a. Кольцевые уплотнения, изготовленные из материалов Teflon® и Viton®,
должны применяться для углеводородных сред.
b. Кольцевые уплотнения, изготовленные из материала Buna-N, не должны
применяться для углеводородных сред.
4. Все части КИП, контактирующие со средой, должны быть сертифицированы и
отвечать требованиям NACE MR01-75 / ISO 15156-2009, СT РK ISO 15156-1-2011 и
W-ST-2004.
5.0 ТЕРМОКАРМАНЫ
5.2 Материал
1. Термокрман должен быть из нержавеющей стали 316 L, с минимальным значением
температуры до 1004°F (540°C), и 321L для более высоких температур или
альтернативных материалов, соответствующих условиям процесса. Должны
соблюдаться требования NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-2009, ST RK ISO 15156-1-2011
и W-ST-2004.
2. Любой другой материал, требуемый для специального применения (например,
реакторы), должен указываться в листе технических данных на прибор.
3. Материал должен соответствовать требованиям ASTM A479 Gr F316L/321L и A479
Gr 316L/321L.
4. Термокарман должен быть изготовлен из цельнометаллической заготовки с
просверленным в ней отверстием и с фланцами для подсоединения к
технологической линии. Термокарманы должны быть цельнокованными и иметь
коническую секцию, которая будет погружена в технологический поток. Фланец
также должен быть выполнен цельнокованным заодно с корпусом термокармана –
приварные фланцы запрещены. Паспортные данные фланца должны
соответствовать, как минимум, классу RF 300LB «ANSI» или более высокому
классу, если в этом возникнет необходимость, а требования к торцевой (ответной)
поверхности фланца должны соответствовать паспортным данным
соответствующего аппарата или трубопровода.
2 E ⁄ ( ϒ + ϒ′ )
fn = ( Rf )( Ff ) ( dr ⁄ L )
где:
Rf = Коэффициент частотной характеристики = [1 - 0.4(dr+dt)/L]
Ff = Коэффициент частоты = [1.65 + 1.21(dr/dt)(1.0 - 0.094 dr/dt)]
dr = Наружный диаметр основания термоканала (дюймы)
L = Длина термокармана от основания до наконечника (дюймы)
E = Модуль Юнга (28.6 x 106 для нержавеющей стали)
γ = Удельный вес материала термокармана (фут/дюйм3)
γ' = Удельный вес жидкости (фут/дюйм3)
6.0 ТЕРМОПАРЫ
7.2 Изоляция
1. В резистивных датчиках температуры должна использоваться изолированная
проволока из никеля или никелевого сплава от платинового элемента до зажима,
герметизированного эпоксидным или керамическим покрытием. В зажиме медные
провода крепятся сваркой или пайкой. Обжимные соединения недопустимы.
2. Резистивные датчики температуры должны изготовляться с площадью поперечного
сечения 0,82 мм2 (минимум) с изоляцией из опрессованной окиси магния.
3. Изоляция подводящих проводов должна быть с цветовой маркировкой согласно
МЭК 60751.
4. Изолированные термопары должны иметь сопротивление изоляции относительно
земли, равное 50 МОм (минимум) при температуре окружающей среды и 2 МОм
(минимум) при температуре 450°C (850°F).
1.0 SCOPE
1. Temperature instruments measure, indicate, and control the temperature of process
equipment and systems.
2. This document details the requirements for the engineering, design, specifying and
installation of all instrumentation for use at the Tengizchevroil (TCO) oil and gas plant in
Tengiz, Kazakhstan.
3. This specification shall be used in conjunction with project technical requirements and
data sheets for each instrument.
4. More specific and comprehensive criteria may need to be developed for particular project
needs.
5. This specification only defines technical requirements. The scope of supply,
documentation requirements and all other commercial/contractual requirements are
defined in the relevant Material Requisition.
2.0 REFERENCES
1. All works and materials shall conform to the requirements of the GOST and SNiP Codes,
Standards and Specifications, National and International Codes and Standards as listed in
this specification.
2. Where a GOST or SNiP specifies a requirement which is at variance with this
specification the most stringent requirement shall apply.
3. Where no acceptable GOST’s or SNiP’s Codes and Standards are available equivalent
internationally recognized codes and standards may be proposed by Contractor / Supplier
for Purchaser acceptance.
3.0 ACRONYMS
ANSI—American National Standards Institute
API—American Petroleum Institute
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Критерии измерения температуры
Temperature Measurement Criteria ICM-DU-5080-TCO
3.1 Definitions
The following standard definitions are used within this document:
Company Tengizchevroil (TCO).
Purchaser The party who awards the purchase order or contract. The Purchaser may be
Company or Company's authorised agent.
Contractor Any provider of services to Company, including Consultants.
Supplier Any Vendor, Seller, Provider or Supplier of goods to Company.
4.1 Data
1. A data sheet shall be provided for each temperature instrument.
2. Data sheets shall be in electronic or hard-copy format.
a. Smart Plant Instrumentation (SPI) is the preferred application to generate electronic
data sheets.
b. If SPI is used to generate electronic data sheets then templates included in
Company Data Sheet shall be used to generate hard-copy data sheets.
3. If SPI is used to generate electronic data sheets then Company instructions shall be
followed for filling out temperature instrument data sheets.
4. The preferred units of measurement shall be the metric system. Allowable exceptions are
shown in parentheses. Additional units of measurement can be used with prior approval.
A-ST-2008 Basic Engineering Design Data.
4.4 Material
1. Instrument wetted parts shall be compatible with the process fluids.
2. Temperature instrument wetted parts shall be SS 316 L or better unless the process
requires a special material per project piping specifications.
3. Wetted O-ring material selection shall be based on the nature of the process monitored.
a. O-rings constructed of Teflon® or Viton® shall be used in hydrocarbon applications.
b. O-rings constructed of Buna-N shall not be used in hydrocarbon applications.
4. All wetted materials in instruments shall be certified and conform to NACE MR01-75 /
ISO15156-2009, ST RK ISO 15156-1-2011 and W-ST-2004.
2. No equipment or materials shall be delivered until all applicable tests have been
completed and all defects rectified and re-tested successfully. Full certification packages
will be a normal requirement
3. Preference will be given to products designed, manufactured, inspected and tested under
the control of a documented QA/QC system such as ISO 9001.
4. Special reference to inspection/test actions within the detailed sections of this
specification are additional to and shall not replace or reduce the QA/QC requirements.
5.0 THERMOWELLS
5.1 General
1. Thermowells shall be provided for temperature-measuring devices such as
thermocouples, RTDs, and indicating thermometers.
2. Temperature sensors in atmospheric and non-hazardous services may be installed without
a thermowell. Examples of such services are ambient air, motor windings, bearing
temperatures, electronic equipment cabinets, furnace tubeskin points, and reactor
multipoint temperature bundles.
3. The internal diameter of thermowells for duplex thermocouples and resistance
thermometers shall be suitable for 6mm diameter elements and 9.5mm dia temperature
gauge stem. Larger diameter elements may be used for special applications.
4. Locations that require only occasional temperature measurements to check equipment
(i.e., continuous measurement is not required) shall have test thermowells with the
following:
a. Internal bore diameter to suit 9.5mm dia bi-metallic temperature gauge stem.
b. A 316 SS plug and chain.
5. Thermowells installed in oxygen service shall meet the requirements of CGA G-4.4 and
the engineering standards of the oxygen producer. (Refer to Article 4.3, “Velocity,” of
CGA G-4.4 for requirements.)
6. Thermowells shall be specified with their accompanying instrument so that the devices
are dimensionally compatible.
7. Unless temperature limitations require ceramic or other material, thermowells in fired
heater walls, ducts, and stacks shall be of type 310 SS, in accordance with ASTM A276.
8. Refer to J-ST-6204 for furnace stack thermowell fabrication details.
9. If two independent readings of a temperature are necessary, a second temperature element
located in a separate thermowell shall be provided.
10. Thermowells shall not be installed in the upstream and downstream straight runs of flow
meters.
11. Purpose-designed multiple cluster thermocouple assemblies shall be used where reactor
vessels containing fixed, packed catalyst beds are used and multiple temperature
measurements are required, either in the vertical plane to monitor catalyst activity, or in
the horizontal plane to detect channel flow.
a. Thermocouple assemblies shall be provided with specially fabricated thermowells of
suitable length and inside diameter, which meet the vessel code requirements for
material, wall thickness, and mounting connection.
b. The design shall be reviewed and accepted by Purchaser.
12. Thermowells shall be designed to be suitable for the service in which they are used.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Критерии измерения температуры
Temperature Measurement Criteria ICM-DU-5080-TCO
a. For general service, drawings J-ST-6201, J-ST-6202, J-ST-6204 and J-ST-6208 shall
be considered as the minimum acceptable practice for thermowell selection.
b. For corrosive or erosive services, the use of alternative materials and construction
shall be considered, subject to Company’s acceptance.
13. Temperature test points (thermowells) shall be provided so that test and performance data
may be obtained, though the cost of permanent instrumentation is not justified.
14. Plating shall not be allowed unless reviewed and accepted by Company for special
applications.
15. Connection between measuring element and thermowell shall be by ½” NPT adjustable
union.
16. The surface of the well shall be smooth and free from burrs and notches. The transition at
diameter changes and connection to the flange shall be a smooth radius to minimise stress
amplification
17. All thermowells shall be manufactured of certified materials and shall be pressure tested.
18. Thermowells shall be installed direct into lines 4” or greater. For lines smaller than 4”,
the thermowell shall be mounted in an elbow or in a suitably enlarged section of line.
5.2 Material
1. Thermowell material shall be SS 316 L minimum for temperatures up to 1004°F (540°C)
and 321L for higher temperatures or alternative materials to suit process conditions. The
requirements of NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-2009, ST RK ISO 15156-1-2011 and W-
ST-2004 shall be met.
2. Any other material required for special applications (e.g., reactors) shall be identified on
the instrument data sheet.
3. Material shall be as per ASTM A479 Gr F316L/321L and A479 Gr 316L/321L.
4. Thermowells shall be solid drilled type with a flanged process connection. Thermowells
shall be one piece forgings with tapered immersion profile. The flange shall be integrally
forged with the well. Welding of the flange to the well is prohibited. Flange ratings shall
be ANSI Class RF 300 lbs minimum with or a higher rating, if required, and flange facing
to suit the relevant vessel or piping specification.
5. Ideally, the tip of the thermowell shall be located in the middle third of the pipe. Where
the wake frequency vibration calculation demonstrates that a well installed with its tip in
the middle third of the pipe will resonate, either a shorter well and/or a velocity collar
may be used. Where possible a standard “U” dimension shall be selected from the
Thermowell Installation Drawing J-ST-6202. Special “U” lengths may have to be selected
to accommodate special applications.
a. If fluid Reynolds Number is less than 40.000, either ASME PTC 19.3 or the method
described below may be used when performing thermowell stress analysis.
b. If fluid Reynolds Number is greater than 40,000, thermowell stress analysis shall be
calculated using the method described below.
Step 1: Determine the Strouhal Number (NS):
For NR < 40,000: use NS = 0.21
For 40,000 ≤ NR ≤ 400,000: use NS = 0.24 (log10 NR) - 0.894
For NR > 400,000: use NS = 0.45
where:
NR = Reynolds Number
NS = Strouhal Number
Step 2: Calculate the vortex frequency (fv, Hertz) as follows:
fv = 12 NS U/dt
where:
fv = Vortex frequency
U = Fluid velocity (feet/second)
dt = Thermowell diameter at the end (inches)
Step 3: Calculate the lowest natural elementary frequency (fn) of the thermowell:
2 E ⁄ ( ϒ + ϒ′ )
fn = ( Rf )( Ff ) ( dr ⁄ L )
where:
Rf = Frequency response factor = [1 - 0.4(dr+dt)/L]
Ff = Frequency factor = [1.65 + 1.21(dr/dt)(1.0 - 0.094 dr/dt)]
dr = Outside root diameter of thermowell (inches)
L = Length of thermowell, root to tip (inches)
E = Young’s modulus (28.6 x 106 for stainless steel)
γ = Specific weight of well material (lb./inch3)
γ' = Specific weight of fluid (lb./inch3)
6.0 THERMOCOUPLES
6.1 General
1. Thermocouple properties, extension wires, colour coding, and limits of error shall
conform to IEC 60584-2/ANSI ISA MC96.1, Class 1. Thermocouples shall be ranged
according to IEC 60584 reference tables.
2. Thermocouples shall be prefabricated and swaged, with the following specifications:
a. 18-gauge to wire (min) to 0.82mm2 (min), cross sectional area (CSA).
b. Hard-packed magnesium oxide insulation.
5. Terminals within the head shall be clearly marked “+,” “ −,” “ground,” as appropriate.
6. Multi circuits within heads shall be clearly identified.
7. For further details of the thermocouple assembly, refer to drawing section 2.1.
7.1 General
1. RTDs shall use a 100-ohm platinum (99.999 percent purity) element (resistance measured
at 0°C) wound on a ceramic or glass core, hermetically sealed, and manufactured in
accordance with IEC 60751, Class B.
2. RTDs shall be 3-wire ungrounded, 100 ohm at 0°C complete with thermowell, large head
(epoxy coated low copper aluminium), union, and terminal blocks for dual RTD
termination.
3. For special high-accuracy applications; 4-wire RTDs shall be acceptable.
4. Platinum RTDs shall use the following standard for temperature coefficient:
a. Temperature coefficient of 0.00385°C-1 per IEC 60751
5. RTDs shall be enclosed in a 6mm OD SS 316 L (seamless tube with welded close ends)
protection sheath (minimum), with an epoxy or ceramic sealed transition piece and 0.33
mm2 minimum copper lead wires. Element material for general process services shall be
SS 316 L.
6. Critical applications or those with restricted access to the element shall use Duplex RTDs
and Intermediate Junction Boxes, even if only one signal is used. For other applications
single element RTDs with “head mounted” transmitter should be considered.
7.2 Insulation
1. RTDs shall use insulated nickel or nickel alloy wire from the platinum element to the
epoxy or ceramic sealed transition piece where the copper wires shall be attached by
welding or soldering. Crimped connections are not acceptable.
2. RTD's shall be fabricated with 0.82 mm2 (minimum), in hard packed magnesium oxide
insulation.
3. RTD lead wire insulation shall be color coded per IEC 60751.
4. Insulation resistance to ground shall be 50 mega ohms minimum at ambient temperature,
and at least 2 mega ohms minimum at 450°C (850°F).
5. Terminals within the head identified with wires color-coded in accordance with the local
specifications or IEC 60751.
7.5 Applications
1. For Temperature range -200 Deg C to +750 Deg C, RTD's Manufactured in accordance
with IEC 60751 shall be used. Depending on the application and minimum temperatures
to be measured, either Class A or Class B specification RTD’s may be selected.
a. In temperature measurement for calculations in which a thermocouple would not
provide sufficient accuracy.
b. In control applications requiring high accuracy and repeatability, where the
thermocouple voltage span would be less than 5 mV.
c. In differential temperature measurements of less than 5 mV or 115°F (50°C), in
which case matched pairs shall be used.
d. Temperature compensation in flow measurement.
e. Remote indication of temperature span less than 50 °C or where the span of
temperature to be measured includes 0 °C.
f. Where a temperature measurement is to be used to prove a plants performance (mass
balance).
g. Resistance thermometers shall not be used where high frequency vibration is present,
e.g. in high velocity steam or gas streams, or at temperatures greater than 750 °C.
h. RTD’s are the preferred temperature measurement device.
2. RTDs shall be used on motor applications.
3. RTDs shall not be installed where excessive vibration exists.
8.1 General
1. All temperature measurements which are to be monitored remotely shall be equipped with
two wire transmitters.
2. Temperature transmitters shall have the following characteristics:
a. A minimum accuracy, including the combined effects of linearity, hysteresis, and
repeatability, of ± 0.25 percent of the calibrated span.
b. A configurable input type (thermocouple or RTD) and span.
3. Transmitter output shall use 4–20 mA HART.
4. All transmitters do not require integral indicators. Integral Indicators are required for
critical measurement transmitters (i.e., inputs to controllers and safety instrument
systems) and differential flow measurements (facilitates field maintenance) and/or as
required by RoK Regulations or codes.
a. If the output is used to assist a local operation, a local LCD indicator scaled in
physical units shall be visible from the control point. The indicator shall be mounted
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Критерии измерения температуры
Temperature Measurement Criteria ICM-DU-5080-TCO
a. Input/output isolation.
b. Cold junction compensation.
c. Automatic thermocouple burnout detection with selectable upscale or downscale
failure mode.
d. Configurable transmitter burnout.
e. Built-in temperature linearization capability for output signal.
3. Transmitters having RTD input shall also provide the following:
a. Input/output isolation.
b. A dedicated screw connection for use in grounding the RTD extension wiring shield.
4. Multi-input temperature transmitters shall not be used for control applications (indication
only).
9.1 General
1. Indicating thermometers shall be heavy-duty bimetallic sealed-type.
2. Indicating thermometers shall have a minimum accuracy of ± 1.0 percent of the scale
span.
3. Indicating thermometers shall be designed to install into a thermowell with a 0.10 inch
(2.5 mm) clearance between the thermometer stem (dia: 9.5mm) and the inside diameter
of the thermowell.
4. The stem length of thermometers shall be selected to bottom out in the thermowell in
which they are to be installed.
5. Thermometers shall be furnished with thermowells.
6. Mercury in steel thermometers is not permitted.
7. The normal operating temperature shall be within the middle third of the scale.
8. Local temperature indication on cryogenic service shall utilise a galvanometer type
indicator in conjunction with a pad type thermocouple.
9. Wherever possible a local temperature indicator shall be fitted at the same process
position as the transmitting element.
Vessels Inlet and outlet lines where different temperatures are expected.
Heat Exchangers On inlet and outlet of both shell- and tubesides for each exchanger bank, to give
both direct and differential temperatures.
Heaters On process inlet and outlet, as a minimum. In each pass as required by the heater
design. Furnace floor when Low NOx burners are used.