Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
"#$%&'&()#*(*%+%+,&')#$%&'&()#*(*%+
-.*./+ ./+ /%)%/+ 0#0./+ /1.+ $."/2#2'3*./+ ,%&./+ 4%/4.+
%&%4%"2./+5'34#$./6+/%"*.+./+4(#/+)%,)%/%"2(2#0./7+
8()9.".:+
;<#=>"#.:+
?#*).=>"#.:+
@A.2.B+
+
;/+ /%)%/+ 0#0./+ 2C4+ "%$%//#*(*%+ *%+ .92%)+ 4(2>)#(+
,()(+ (+ #"$.),.)()+ "./+ /%'/+ .)=("#/4./+ .'+ (+
2)("/D.)4()+%4+%"%)=#(B++
+
E%+,.)+'4+&(*.+./+/%)%/+('2.2)FD#$./+/1.+$(,(A%/+*%+
,).*'A#)+./+/%'/+,)F,#./+$.4,./2./+.)=G"#$./6+./+/%)%/+
H%2%).2)FD#$./+"1.+2C4+%//(+$(,($#*(*%B+
+
@//#46+ %+ ,()(+ /(2#/D(A%)%4+ (/+ /'(/+ "%$%//#*(*%/+
"'2)#2#0(/6+ ./+ /%)%/+ H%2%).2)FD#$./+ *%,%"*%46+ *#)%$2(+
.'+#"*#)%$2(4%"2%+*./+/%)%/+('2.2)FD#$./B++
!"#$%&'&()#*(*%+%+,&')#$%&'&()#*(*%+
I49.)(+ 4'#2.+ *#0%)/./6+ ./+ /%)%/+
H%2%).2)FD#$./6+ 2C4+ 9(/#$(4%"2%+ (/+
4%/4(/+ "%$%//#*(*%/+ (.+ "30%&+ *./+
"'2)#%"2%/7+
J='(:+
K#"%)(#/:+
L#2(4#"(/:+
M&3$#*./:+
N3,#*./:+
O).2%3"(/B+
+
I/2%/6+ (+ "#0%&+ $%&'&()6+ /1.+ '2#&#A(*./+ ,()(+
(+ $."/2#2'#P1.+ *(/+ %/2)'2')(/+ $%&'&()%/+ %+
$.4.+D."2%+*%+%"%)=#(B++
+
Q%/2(+ D.)4(+ >+ ,.//30%&+ (+ )%".0(P1.+
$%&'&()+%+(+D.)4(P1.+*%+".0(/+$>&'&(/B++
!"#$%&'&()#*(*%+%+,&')#$%&'&()#*(*%+
@+ D.)4(+ $.4.+ %/2(/+ /'9/2G"$#(/+ /1.+ '2#&#A(*(/+ "./+
/%)%/+ '"#$%&'&()%/+ %+ ,&')#$%&'&(&()%/+ /1.+
9(/#$(4%"2%+#*%"2#$./+%+#"#$#(4R/%+$.4+(+!"#$%&'$B+
@9/.)P1.+
O(//(=%4+ *%+ /'9/2G"$#(/+ *.+ 4%#.+
%<2%)".+,()(+.+4%#.+#"2%)".B++
+
S./+/%)%/+'"#$%&'&()%/+(+(9/.)P1.+#4,&#$(+
(+ ,(//(=%4+ *%+ /'9/2G"$#(/+ ,%&(+
4%49)("(+$%&'&()B+
+
@/+ /'9/2G"$#(/+ ,.*%4+ (2)(0%//()+ (+
4%49)("(+ *#)%$2(4%"2%+ .'+ #"$.),.)(*(/+
"(+ $>&'&(+ ".+ #"2%)#.)+ *%+ 0%/3$'&(/+ /.D)%"*.+
,./2%)#.)4%"2%+*#=%/21.+#"2)($%&'&()B++
+
S./+ /%)%/+ 4'&2#$%&'&()%/+ ,.'$.+ $.4,&%<./+
(+(9/.)P1.+,.*%+2(49>4+/%)+*#)%$2(B+
+
S.+ %"2("2.6+ %+ "(+ 4(#.)+ ,()2%+ *./+ $(/./6+
./+ (%"2./+ #"=%)#*./+ /1.+ )%&(2#0(4%"2%+
$.4,&%<./+ ,%&.+ 5'%+ 2C4+ *%+ /.D)%)+ '4+
,).$%//.+ *%+ *#=%/21.+ (2>+ /%+
2)("/D.)4()%4+ %4+ /'9/2G"$#(/+ 4(#/+
/#4,&%/6+,.*%"*.+%"21.+/%)+(9/.)0#*./B+
@9/.)P1.+
I4+ /%)%/+ ,&')#$%&'&()%/+ *%+ 9(#<(+
$.4,&%<#*(*%+ %+ $.4+ ,.'$(/+ $>&'&(/6+
./+ "'2)#%"2%/+ ,(//(4+ *#)%$2(4%"2%+
,()(+(/+$>&'&(/B+
+
I4+ /%)%/+ ,&')#$%&'&()%/+ 4(#/+
$.4,&%<./+ ./+ "'2)#%"2%/+ ,.*%4+ /%)+
&%0(*./+ ,%&.+ /("='%6+ .'+ .'2).+ D&'3*.6+
(2>+(/+$>&'&(/B++
+
O()(+$.4,)%%"*%)+.+4%$("#/4./+5'%+
,%)4#2%+ (+ (9/.)P1.+ >+ "%$%//T)#.+
$."H%$%)+ (/+ %/2)'2')(/+ $%&'&()%/+
)%/,."/T0%#/+,.)+2(&B++
!&2)(%/2)'2')(+*(+4%49)("(+,&(/4T2#$(+
-.*(/+(/+ $>&'&(/+%"$."2)(4R/%+%"0.&0#*(/+,.)+'4(+%/2)'2')(+4%49)("()+
*%".4#"(*(+*%+K%49)("(+O&(/4T2#$(B++
I/2(+*%#2(+.+%/,(P.+#"2%)#.)+*.+%/,(P.+%<2%)#.)B+
+
8."/2#2'#+ '4(+ 9())%#)(+ /%&%$2#0(6+ (2)(0>/+ *(+ 5'(&+ /%+ ,).$%//(4+ 2).$(/+ *%+
/'9/2G"$#(/+%+%"%)=#(+%"2)%+(+$>&'&(+%+.+4%#.+%<2%)#.)B+
+
U'"$#."(+ $.4.+ '4+ /%"/.)6+ ,%)4#2#"*.+ (+ $>&'&(+ 4.*#D#$()R/%+ *%+ ($.)*.+ $.4+
*#D%)%"2%/+%/234'&./+(49#%"2(#/B+
8."/2#2'#P1.+*(+K%49)("(+O&(/4T2#$(+
@+4%49)("(+,&(/4T2#$(+>+'4+.)=("%&.+$."/2#2'#*.+,.)+
'4+$.4,&%<.+&#,.,).2%#$.7+
+
VW+(+XWY+Z%4+4(//([+*%+,).2%3"(/:+
+
\]+(+^WY+Z%4+4(//([+*%+&3,#*./:+
+
_WY+Z%4+4(//([+*%+=&3$#*./:+
+
I49.)(+ ./+ &3,#*./+ /%`(4+ (,()%"2%4%"2%+ 4(#/+
(9'"*("2%/+*.+5'%+(/+,).2%3"(/6+%/2(/+(,)%/%"2(4+'4(+
4(//(+4(#.)B+
8."/2#2'#P1.+*(+K%49)("(+O&(/4T2#$(+
O).2%3"(/+4%49)("()%/+
@/+,).2%3"(/+,.//'%4+$.4,./#P1.+%+D'"Pa%/+4'#2.+
*#0%)/(/B+
+
U'"P1.+%/2)'2')(&:+
+
U'"P1.+2)("/,.)2(*.)(:+
+
b%$%,2.)%/+*%+%/234'&./+%<2%)"./+c+$>&'&(B+
8(2(&#/(4+)%($Pa%/+5'%+.$.))%4+c+/',%)D3$#%+*(+$>&'&(B+
8."/2#2'#P1.+*(+K%49)("(+O&(/4T2#$(+
N3,#*./+4%49)("()%/+
;/+ &3,#*./+ $."/2#2'#"2%/+ *(+ 4%49)("(+
,&(/4T2#$(+/1.+4(#.)#2()#(4%"2%7+
U./D.&3,#*./+
K($).4.&>$'&(/+ ("D#,T2#$(/+ 5'%+ /%+
.)=("#A(4+%4+*',&(+4%49)("(B+
+
8.&%/2%).&+
K($).4.&>$'&(/+ H#*).DF9#$(6+ &.$(&#A(4R/%+
%"2)%+(+9#$(4(*(+D./D.&3,#*#$(B+
b%='&(4+(+D&'#*%A+*(+4%49)("(B+
+
M&#$.&3,#*./+
M&3$#*./+ 5'%+ /%+ %"$."2)(4+ "(+ ,()2%+
%<2%)#.)+ *(+ 4%49)("(+ ,&(/4T2#$(6+
&#=("*.R/%+(./+&3,#*./+Z=&#$.&3,#*./[B+
d'&=(R/%+ 5'%+ %/2%`(4+ %"0.&0#*./+ ".+
)%$."H%$#4%"2.+ %"2)%+ (/+ $>&'&(/+ %+ *%+
/'9/2G"$#(/+,.)+,()2%+*(+$>&'&(B+
K.*%&.+*.+K./(#$.+U&'3*.+ZE#"=%)+%+S#$H.&/."[+
E%='"*.+%/2%+4.*%&.7+
+
@+ 4%49)("(+ ,&(/4T2#$(+ >+ $."/2#2'3*(+ ,.)+
'4(+9#$(4(*(+D./D.&3,#*#$(B+
+
@+ 4%49)("(+ "1.+ >+ /F&#*(6+ ,.#/+ "%&(+
,).2%3"(/+ %+ %//%"$#(&4%"2%+ ./+ D./D.&3,#*./+
(,)%/%"2(4+4.0#4%"2./7+
+
N(2%)(#/+ R+ "(+ 4%/4(+ $(4(*(6+ 9(/2("2%+
$.4'"/:+
+
-)("/0%)/(#/+ ²+ 2(49>4+ $."H%$#*./+ $.4.+
4.0#4%"2.+D&#,RD&.,6+%"2)%+$(4(*(/6+)()./B+
+
e/2.+ ,%)4#2%+ '4(+ =)("*%+ D&'#*%A+ *(+
4%49)("(B+
K.*%&.+*.+K./(#$.+U&'3*.+ZE#"=%)+%+S#$H.&/."[+
+
O#".$#2./%:+
+
I"*.$#2./%+4%*#(*(+,.)+)%$%,2.)%/B+
I"*.$#2./%+
U(=.$#2./%+
@+4%49)("(+,&(/4T2#$(+%"=&.9(+,()23$'&(/+*%+=)("*%/+*#4%"/a%/+.'+4%/4.+$>&'&(/+
#"2%#)(/B+
+
K'#2(/+$>&'&(/+%4#2%4+,).&."=(4%"2./6+,/%'*.,.*%/6+5'%+%"=&.9(4+(+,()23$'&(B+
+
U.)4(4+'4(+0%/3$'&(+D(=.$32#$(+.'+D(=.//.4(+5'%+>+#"2%=)(*(+".+#"2%)#.)+*(+$>&'&(B+
+
S.+ #"2%)#.)+ *(+ $>&'&(+ %/2(+ 0%/3$'&(+ D'"*%R/%+ $.4+ &#/.//.4(/+ Z0%/3$'&(/+ $.4+ %"A#4(/+
*#=%/2#0(/[+*("*.+.)#=%4+(+0($k.&./+*#=%/2#0./B++
I"*.$#2./%+
O#".$#2./%+
K'#2.+ /%4%&H("2%+ c+
D(=.$#2./%+ ".+ %"2("2.+ (/+
,()23$'&(/+%/21.+*#//.&0#*(/+
.'+ D&'3*(/6+ ,%&.+ 5'%+ (/+
0%/3$'&(/+ D.)4(*(/+ /1.+
4(#/+,%5'%"(/B+
+
l+ '4+ ,).$%//.+ 5'%+ .$.))%+
,.)+ %<%4,&.+ "(/+
4#$).0#&./#*(*%/+#"2%/2#"(#/B+
I"*.$#2./%+
I"*.$#2./%+4%*#(*(+,.)+)%$%,2.)%/+
S%/2%+ ,).$%//.+ (/+ 4($).4.&>$'&(/+ %"2)(4+ &#=(*(/+ (+
)%$%,2.)%/+ 4%49)("()%/+ %/,%$3D#$./+ ,()(+
*%2%)4#"(*(/+/'9/2G"$#(/B++
+
Q(*.+ 5'%+ $(*(+ )%$%,2.)+ >+ %/,%$3D#$.+ ,()(+ '4(+
/'9/2G"$#(6+%"21.+/F+HT+%"2)(*(+*%+'4(+/'9/2G"$#(B+
I<.$#2./%+
@+ %<.$#2./%+ >+ '4+ ,).$%//.+ #"0%)/.+
c+ %"*.$#2./%+ ".+ 5'(&+ (/+ $>&'&(/+
	%)2(4+ ,()(+ .+ 4%#.+ %<2%)#.)+
/'9/2G"$#(/+ ()4(A%"(*(/+ %4+
0%/3$'&(/B+
+
I/2(/+ 0%/3$'&(/+ D'"*%4R/%+ $.4+ (+
4%49)("(+,&(/4T2#$(+%+	%)2(4+.+
/%'+$."2%k*.B+
+
Q%/2(+D.)4(+(/+$>&'&(/+	%)2(47+
b%/3*'./:+
I"A#4(/:+
?.)4."(/«+
Q#=%/21.+#"2)($%&'&()+
@+ 4%49)("(+ ,&(/4T2#$(+ "1.+ >+ (+
k"#$(+ %/2)'2')(+ 4%49)("()+ *(/+
$>&'&(/B+
+
S(+ )%(&#*(*%+ (+ 4%49)("(+
,&(/4T2#$(+ %"$."2)(R/%+ %4+ $."2($2.+
$.4+'4+/#/2%4(+*%+4%49)("(/7+
+
e"0F&'$).+S'$&%():+
+
b%23$'&.+I"*.,&(/4T2#$.:+
+
8.4,&%<.+*%+M.&=#B+
Q#=%/21.+#"2)($%&'&()+
I/2%+ /#/2%4(+ *%".4#"(R/%+ *%+ /#/2%4(+
%"*.4%49)("()B+
+
;+ /#/2%4(+ %"*.4%49)("()+ %/2T+ %"0.&0#*.+ ".+
,).$%//.+ *%+ *#=%/21.+ #"2)($%&'&()+ 5'%+ ,.)+ /'(+ 0%A+
&%0(+(+.92%"P1.+*%+%"%)=#(+%+4(2>)#(B++
b%23$'&.+I"*.,&(/4T2#$.+
l+.+4(#.)+.)=("%&.+*.+/#/2%4(+4%49)("()B+
+
I<2%"*%R/%+*%/*%+(+4%49)("(+,&(/4T2#$(+(2>+(.+#"0F&'$).+"'$&%()B+
+
l+$."/2#2'#*.+,.)+'4+$."`'"2.+*%+$#/2%)"(/+($H(2(*(/6+2k9'&./+%+
0%/3$'&(/6+D.)4("*.+'4+/#/2%4(+$."23"'.B+
+
I<#/2%4+*.#/+2#,./+*%+b%23$'&.+I"*.,&(/4T2#$.7+
b'=./.+ZbIb[+²+5'%+,.//'#+)#9.//.4(/+(//.$#(*./+(+D($%+%<2%)"(+*(+
4%49)("(6+)%/,."/T0%&+,%&(+/3"2%/%+,).2%3$(B+
+
N#/.+ZbIN[+²+"1.+,.//'#+)#9.//.4(/+(//.$#(*./+%+%/2T+%"0.&0#*.+"(+/3"2%/%+
*%+D./D.&3,#*./+%+"(+%&(9.)(P1.+*%+4%49)("(B+
8.4,&%<.+*%+M.&=#+
l+ $."/2#2'#*.+ ,.)+ 2.*./+ ./+ *#$2#.//.4(/+ *%+ $(*(+
$>&'&(B+
8(*(+ *#$2#.//.4(+ ,.)+ /%'+ &(*.+ >+ $."/2#2'#*.+ ,.)+ '4+
$."`'"2.+*%+/T$'&./+.'+$#/2%)"(/+%+%4,#&H(*(/+*%+D.)4(+
)%='&()6+ "(+ ,%)#D%)#(+ *(/+ 5'(#/+ %<#/2%+ '4(+ />)#%+ *%+
0%/3$'&(/B+
+
8(*(+*#$2#.//.4(+2%4+'4(7+
U($%+$."0%<(+.'+*%+D.)4(P1.+²+0#)(*(+,()(+.+bI6+*%+
."*%+ )%$%9%+ ,).2%3"(/6+ (2)(0>/+ *%+ $("(&3$'&./+ + .'+
(2)(0>/+*(+D'/1.+*%+0%/3$'&(/B++
+
U($%+ $m"$(0(+ .'+ *%+ 4(2')(P1.+ ²+ 0#)(*(+ ,()(+ (+
4%49)("(+,&(/4T2#$(6+."*%+/%+%"$."2)(4+(/+,).2%3"(/+
4(2')(*(/B+
+
@//#4+.+8.4,&%<.+*%+M.&=#+%/2T+%"0.&0#*.+".+,).$%//.+
*%+ 4(2')(P1.+ *%+ *#D%)%"2%/+ /'9/2G"$#(/+ $.4.+ ,.)+
%<%4,&.7+,).2%3"(/6+=&#$.,).2%3"(/+%+&3,#*./B++
@/+ ,).2%3"(/+ ,.)+ %<%4,&.+ 2.)"(4R/%+ D'"$#."(#/+ (.+
,(//()%4+,%&.+8.4,&%<.+*%+M.&=#B+
N#/.//.4(/+
E1.+ ,%5'%"(/+ 0%/3$'&(/6+ 4(#/+
.'+ 4%"./6+ %/D>)#$(/+ %+
*%#2(*(/+,.)+'4+4%49)("(B+
+
8."2%4+,.)+%<%4,&.+%"A#4(/B+
+
;/+ &#/.//.4(/+ D.)4(4R/%+ "(+
D($%+ *%+ 4(2')(P1.+ *.+
8.4,&%<.+ *%+ M.&=#+ %+
%0%"2'(&4%"2%+ D'"*%4R/%+ $.4+
0%/3$'&(/+ %"*.$32#$(/6+ D.)4("*.+
'4(+0%/3$'&(+*#=%/2#0.B++
N#/.//.4(/+
S(/+0%/3$'&(/+*#=%/2#0(/6+%+=)(P(/+c/+%"A#4(/+*#=%/2#0(/6+.$.))%4+
,).$%//./+*#=%/2#0./+*%+4(2%)#(#/+$(,2(*./+,.)+%"*.$#2./%B+
S%/2%+$(/.+%/2(4./+,%)("2%+H%2%).D(=#(6+,.#/+(/+,()23$'&(/+*#=%)#*(/+
/1.+%<2%)"(/+c+$>&'&(B+
+
;$(/#."(&4%"2%+./+&#/.//.4(/+,.*%4+,.*%+D'"*#)R/%+$.4+.)=("%&./+
*(+$>&'&(6+*#=%)#"*.R./B+
+
S%/2%+$(/.+%/2(4./+,%)("2%+('2.D(=#(6+%+./+0($k.&./+(//#4+D.)4(*./+
/1.+0($k.&./+('2.DT=#$./B+
+
l+'4+,).$%//.+5'%+,%)4#2%+(+)%'2#&#A(P1.+*%+4(2%)#(#/+5'%+$."/2#2'%4+(+
$>&'&(B++
+
l+".)4(&4%"2%+'4+,).$%//.+$."2).&(*.6+,()(+5'%+"1.+.$.))(+*%/2)'#P1.+
*(+$>&'&(B++
;92%"P1.+ *%+ 4(2>)#(+ ,%&./+ /%)%/+ H%2%).2)FD#$./+
4'&2#$%&'&()%/+
I4+ /%)%/+ '"#$%&'&()%/+ 2.*.+ .+ ,).$%//.+ *%+
.92%"P1.+*%+4(2>)#(6+*#=%/21.+%+*#/2)#9'#P1.+
*%+"'2)#%"2%/+>+)%(&#A(*.+,%&(+$>&'&(B+
+
O.)+ .'2).+ &(*.+ "./+ /%)%/+ H%2%).2)FD#$./+
4'&2#$%&'&()%/+ .+ ,).$%//.+ >+ 4(#/+ $.4,&%<.++
,(//("*.+,%&(/+/%='#"2%/+D(/%/7+
E;20#:'$+ ²+ %"2)(*(+ *./+ (%"2./+ ,()(+ .+
.)=("#/4.:+
+
F)20#:'$+²+$."`'"2.+*%+,).$%//./+5'%+&%0(4+(+
2)("/D.)4(P1.+ *%+ 4.&>$'&(/+ $.4,&%<(/+ %4+
4.&>$'&(/+/#4,&%/:+
+
9"#$%&'$+ ²+ ,(//(=%4+ *./+ + "'2)#%"2%/+
)%/'&2("2%/+*(+*#=%/21.+,()(+.+4%#.+#"2%)".B++
;92%"P1.+*%+4(2>)#(+,%&./+/%)%/+H%2%).2)FD#$./+
4'&2#$%&'&()%/+
@+ *#=%/21.+ %<2)($%&'&()+
)%,)%/%"2(+ '4(+ 0("2(=%4+
%0.&'2#0(6+ ,.#/+ ./+ .)=("#/4./+
,.*%4+ #"=%)#)+ 5'("2#*(*%/+
/#="#D#$(2#0(/+ *%+ (%"2.6+
()4(A%"("*.+ %+ *#=%)#"*.R.+
&%"2(4%"2%6+,%&.+5'%+"1.+2C4+
$."/2("2%4%"2%+5'%+/%+%/2()+(+
(%"2()B++
?#*)(+ZQ#=%/21.+%<2)($%&'&()[+
@+ ?#*)(+ >+ '4+ .)=("#/4./+ H%2%).2)FD#$.+ 4'&2#$%&'&()+ 4'#2.+
/#4,&%/B+
@,)%/%"2(+(,%"(/+*'(/+$(4(*(/+*%+$>&'&(/:+
@+,()%*%+$.),.)(&+*%#2(+'4(+$(0#*(*%+#"2%)"(+*%".4#"(*(+*%+
8(0#*(*%+M(/2).0(/$'&():+
-%4+(,%"(/+'4(+(9%)2')(6+(+g.$(:+
8(,2')(+(/+/'(/+,)%/(/+(2)(0>/+*%+2%"2T$'&./+5'%+).*%#(4+(+9.$(B+
+
@+#"=%/21.+.$.))%+5'("*.+./+2%"2T$'&./+$(,2')(4+%+&%0(4+(2>+
c+9.$(+.+(%"2.:+
+
Q%+ /%='#*(+ #"#$#(R/%+ (+ *#=%/21.+ $.4+ (+ 	%)2(P1.+ *%+ %"A#4(/+
,).*'A#*(/+,.)+$>&'&(/+=&("*'&()%/+*(+,()%*%B+
+
Q%+ /%='#*(6+ (/+ ,()23$'&(/+ D.)4(*(/+ ,%&(+ *#=%/21.+ /1.+
D(=.$#2(*(/+,%&(/+$>&'&(/+*(+,()%*%+$.),.)(&B++
+
O%&.+D($2.+*.+/#/2%4(+*#=%/2#0.+*%/2%+/%)+0#0.+2%)+(,%"(/+'4(+
(9%)2')(+*%".4#"(R/%+*%+G)#:0-!,F)20#:)A$,E;4$-./0:$B+
-'9.+*#=%/2#0.+$.4,&%2.+
K'#2./+("#4(#/+(,)%/%"2(4+2'9.+*#=%/2#0.+
$.4,&%2.6+ #/2.+ >6+ (,)%/%"2(4+ *'(/+
(9%)2')(/7+"$4!+%+@;+#B+
+
I/2(+ 4.*#D#$(P1.+ *.+ /#/2%4(+ *#=%/2#0.+ 2%4+
=("H./+ 4'#2.+ /#="#D#$(2#0./+ ,()(+ ./+ /%)%/+
0#0./6+ ,.#/+ ,%)4#2%+ '4(+ *#=%/21.+ %+
!"#$%&'$,#0?+0;4)!/:+
+
@+ *#=%/21.+ .$.))%+ /%4,)%+ %4+ '4+ /%"2#*.6+
"1.+ H(0%"*.+ 4#/2')(/+ *%+ (%"2./+
*#=%)#*./+$.4+(%"2./+,.)+*#=%)#):+
+
N.=.+ #//.+ /#="#D#$(+ '4(+ *#=%/21.+ 4(#/+
%D#$(AB++
L%)2%9)(*./+ZQ#=%/21.+%<2)($%&'&()[+
S./+ 0%)2%9)(*./+ .+ /#/2%4(+ *#=%/2#0.+ >+ 2(49>4+
$.4,&%2.6+4(/+4(#/+$.4,&%<.B++
+
S.+ ?.4%4+ %<#/2%4+ 2.*.+ '4+ $."`'"2.+ *%+ F)=1.+
%"$())%='%/+,%&(+*#=%/21.6+*%/%4,%"H("*.+$(*(+'4(+
/'(+D'"P1.B+
+
I<#/2%4+ (#"*(+ *#0%)/(/+ =&G"*'&(/+ ("%<(/+ 5'%+
,).*'A%4+/'$./+5'%+D($#(4+(+*#=%/21.B++
+
@+(9/.)P1.+*./+"'2)#%"2%/+>+&%0(*(+(.+%<2)%4.+=)(P(/+
(+ %<#/2C"$#(+ *%+ #"k4%)(/+ ,)%=(/+ (.+ "30%&+ *.+ #"2%/2#".+
*%&=(*.7+0#&./#*(*%/+#"2%/2#"(#/B+
+
O.)+/'(+0%A+$(*(+0#&./#*(*%+#"2%/2#"(&+>+$."/2#2'3*(+,.)+
'4+ "k4%).+ 4'#2.+ =)("*%+ *%+ 4#$).0#&./#*(*%/+ 5'%+
('4%"2(4+ =)("*%4%"2%+ (+ /',%)D3$#%+ *%+ $."2($2.+ *.+
#"2%/2#".+ *%&=(*.+%+ $.4.+2(&+ ('4%"2(4+(+$(,($#*(*%+
*%+(9/.)P1.B+
Q%,.#/+ *%+ (9/.)0#*./6+ ./+
"'2)#%"2%/+ /1.+ &%0(*./+ (+ 2.*(/+
(/+$>&'&(/+*.+.)=("#/4.+(2)(0>/+
*.+/("='%+%i.'+&#"D(B+
+
Q%/2(+ D.)4(+ %49.)(+ (+
*#=%/21.+ .$.))(+ D.)(+ *.+ $.),.6+
2.*(/+ (/+ $>&'&(/+ *.+ .)=("#/4.+
2C4+ ($%//.+ (./+ "'2)#%"2%/+
%//%"$#(#/+ (./+ /%'/+ ,).$%//./+
9#.&F=#$./B+
\+²+;92%"P1.+*%+4(2>)#(+,%&./+
/%)%/+('2.2)FD#$./+
E%)%/+@'2.2)FD#$./+
I"5'("2.+ ./+ /%)%/+ H%2%).2)FD#$./+ "%$%//#2(4+
*%+ $(,2')()+ .+ /%'+ (%"2.6+ (&='"/+
.)=("#/4./+ $."/%='#)(4+)%/.&0%)+(+ /#2'(P1.+
*%+.'2)(+D.)4(«+,).*'A#"*.+.+/%'+,)F,)#.+
(%"2.B+
+
I//%/+ /%)%/+ 0#0./6+ ,.)+ ,).*'A#)%4+ .+ /%'+
,)F,)#.+ (%"2.+ *%".4#"(4R/%+ *%+
@'2.2)FD#$./B++
+
O()(+ ,).*'A#)%4+ .+ /%'+ ,)F,)#.+ (%"2.+
"%$%//#2(4+*%+'4(+D."2%+*%+%"%)=#(7+
I"%)=#(+/.&()+²+H$:$##<;:0#0IH$:$!+:$:%7*)4$#:+
I"%)=#(+ 5'34#$(+ Z;<#*(P1.Rb%*'P1.[+ ²+
J+)-)$##<;:0#0IJ+)-)$!+:$:%7*)4$#B+
U.2.//3"2%/%+
;+ ,).$%//.+ ('2.2)FD#$.+ 4(#/+
$."H%$#*.+>+T+D.2.//3"2%/%B+
+
O).$%//.+ 9#.&F=#$.+ (2)(0>/+ *.+ 5'(&6+
,&("2(/+ %+ .'2).+ /%)%/+ 0#0./+ 5'%+
,.//'%4+ ,#=4%"2./+ D.2.//#"2>2#$./6+
/#"2%2#A(4+ $.4,./2./+ .)=G"#$./+ )#$./+
%4+%"%)=#(B+
@+,()2#)+*%7+
Q#F<#*.+*%+8()9.".:+
J='(:+
8.4,./2./+ .)=G"#$./+ Zb#9'&./%+
Q#D./D(2.[B+
+
b%$.))%"*.+ (+ %"%)=#(+ /.&()+ $.4.+
D."2%+*%+%"%)=#(B+
U.2.//3"2%/%+
V8;\h_\?\;++++++++8V?_\;V+h+V;\+h+V?\;+
+
;+*#F<#*.+*%+$()9.".6+(+T='(+%+(+&'A+/1.+.92#*./+
(+,()2#)+*.+4%#.+(49#%"2%B+
+
;/+ .)2-0;:$#, *$:$##);:3:)4$#, /1.+ ./+ )%/,."/T0%#/+
,.)+$(,2')()+(+%"%)=#(+&'4#"./(B+
O#=4%"2./+D.2.//#"2>2#$./+
@+&'A+%4+$."2($2.+$.4+./+4(2%)#(#/+,.*%+/%)+)%D&%$2#*(6+)%D)($2(*(+
.'+(9/.)0#*(+
+
E'9/2G"$#(/+ 5'%+ (9/.)0%4+ (+ )(*#(P1.+ &'4#"./(+ 0#/30%&+ /1.+
$."H%$#*./+$.4.+,#=4%"2./B++
Q#D%)%"2%/+,#=4%"2./6+(9/.)0%+*#D%)%"2%/+)(*#(Pa%/+&'4#"./(/B+
+
;/+ ,#=4%"2./+ 5'%+ #"2%)0C4+ "(+ D.2.//3"2%/%+ + /1.+ *%".4#"(*./+ *%+
.)2-0;:$#,*$:$##);:3:)4$#8++
+
;+4(#/+$."H%$#*.+,#=4%"2.+D.2.//#"2>2#$.+>+(+$&.).D#&(B+
8&.).D#&(+(+²+@A'&R%/0%)*%(*(+
8&.).D#&(+9+²+@4()%&.R%/0%)*%(*(+
;+,)#"$#,(&+,#=4%"2.+D.2.//#"2>2#$.+>+(+$&.).D#&(+(6+/%"*.+(+k"#$(+5'%+,.*%+
,()2#$#,()+ *#)%$2(4%"2%+ "(/+ )%($Pa%/+ *%+ &'A6+ (+ $&.).D#&(+ 9+ >+ '4+ ,#=4%"2.+
($%//F)#.+ 5'%+ %49.)(+ 4'#2.+ /%4%&H("2%+ c+ $&.).D#&(+ (+ (9/.)0%+ )(*#(P1.+
"'4+ $.4,)#4%"2.+ *%+ ."*(+ &#=%#)(4%"2%+ *#D%)%"2%6+ .+ 5'%+ 4%&H.)(+
/#="#D#$(2#0(4%"2%+.+,).$%//.B++
+
S.+ %"2("2.+ %<#/2%4+ .'2)./+ ,#=4%"2./+ #='(&4%"2%+ #4,.)2("2%/B
+ +
8().2%".#*%/+²+@4()%&.R(&()("`(*.+
l+2(49>4+'4+,#=4%"2.+D.2.//#"2>2#$.+($%//F)#.B+
@+&'A+
;/+ $.4,)#4%"2./+ *%+ ."*(+ *%+ ,)#"$#,(&+
#4,.)2G"$#(+,()(+(+L#*(+"(+-%))(+%"$."2)(R
/%+%"2)%+./+noW+%+./+X]W+"4B+
+
I/2(+ )(*#(P1.+ >+ $."H%$#*(+ $.4.+ &'A+ 0#/30%&6+
,.#/+>+(+&'A+5'%+./+.&H./+H'4("./+$."/%='%4+
*%2%$2()B+++
+
@+ '"#*(*%+ 9T/#$(+ *(+ &'A+ /1.+ ./+ D.2a%/6+
,()23$'&(/+$())%=(*(/+*%+%"%)=#(+%+5'%+/%+
,).,(=(4+/.9)%+(+D.)4(+*%+."*(/B++
@+ %"%)=#(+ $())%=(*(+ ,.)+ '4+ D.21.+ >+
#"0%)/(4%"2%+ ,).,.)$#."(&+ (.+ $.4,)#4%"2.+
*%+."*(+*%//%+D.21.B+
+
e/2.+ >6+ '4+ D.21.+ *%+ &'A+ 0#.&%2(+ $."2>4+ 4(#/+
%"%)=#(+*.+5'%+'4+D.21.+*%+&'A+0%)4%&H(B+
+
+
@+&'A+
f'("*.+'4+D.21.+(2#"=%+'4+T2.4.6+'4+
*./+ %&%$2)a%/+ /(&2(+ ,()(+ '4+ "30%&+ *%+
%"%)=#(+/',%)#.)B+
Q#AR/%+ 5'%+ %//%+ %&%$2)1.+ /%+ %"$."2)(+
0D4):!($B+
+
f'("*.+ ./+ ,#=4%"2./+ D.2.//#"2>2#$./+
(9/.)0%4+ &'A6+ ./+ /%'/+ %&%$2)a/+ D#$(4+
%<$#2(*./6+ /%+ ".+ %"2("2.+ ,%)*%)%4+
%//(+%"%)=#(6+/.9)%+(+D.)4(+*%+&'A+.'+
$(&.)6+ 0.&2(4+ (.+ /%'+ %/2(*.+ #"#$#(&+ ²+
%/2(*.+D'"*(4%"2(&B+
+
I4+(&2%)"(2#0(+.+,#=4%"2.+,.*%+$%*%)+
.+ %&%$2)1.+ %<$#2(*.+ (+ 4.&>$'&(/+
0#A#"H(/+*%".4#"(*(/+*%+!40.:$%0#B,
b%($Pa%/+;<#*(P1.Rb%*'P1.+
f'("*.+'4(+/'9/2G"$#(+)%$%9%+'4+%&%$2)1.+*#AR/%+
5'%+D#$(+%0(+>)($B+
+
O.)+ /%'+ &(*.+ (+ /'9/2G"$#(+ 5'%+ ,%)*%+ .+ %&%$2)1.+
*#AR/%+5'%+D#$(+$D)(!(!B++
+
@+ %/2(/+ )%($Pa%/+ *%+ 2)("/D%)C"$#(+ *%+ %&%$2)a%/6+
#"#$#(&4%"2%+,).0%"#%"2%/+*%+'4+D.21.+*%".4#"(4R
/%+*%+%0!4&M0#,*$:$?+<-)4!#B++
U.2.//3"2%/%+
OM@+²+J$#*.+U./D.=&#$>)#$.+
OM@N+²+@&*%3*.+U./D.=&#$>)#$.+
@+,()2#)+*.+OM@N+(+$>&'&(+,.*%+/#"2%2#A()+
%"2)%+.'2)(/+/'9/2G"$#(/7+
M&3$#*./6+".4%(*(4%"2%+=&#$./%:+
8.4,./2.+*%+V+$()9."./+#"/2T0%&+
b#9'&./%+Q#D./D(2.+Z]+$()9."./[+ N3,#*./:+
O)F2#*./B+
+
@-+O+ S@QO+?+ @-+O+ S@QO+?+ S(+ D.2.//3"2%/%+ .+ OM@N+ ,.*%+ /%='#)+ *.#/+
$(4#"H./7+
;'+>+'2#&#A(*.+,()(+/#"2%2#A()+=&#$./%:+
+
OM@N+
OM@+ OM@+
OM@N+ ;'+>+'2#&#A(*.+,()(+)%=%"%)()+.+b'QOB+
+
@//#4+ ,.)+ $(*(+ V+ 8;\+ 5'%+ (+ ,&("2(+
$(,2')(+ /#"2%2#A(4R/%+ _\+ OM@N6+ *./+ 5'(#/+
b'QO+ \+/1.+'2#&#A(*.+,()(+/#"2%2#A()+_+M&#$./%6+%+
M&#$./%++
./+ )%/2("2%/+ _W+ /%)0%4+ ,()(+ )%=%"%)()+ V+
b'QO+Z/%"*.+=(/2./+4(#/+V+@-O+,()(+2(&[B+
+
@//#4+*')("2%+.+8#$&.+*%+8(&0#"+/1.+=(/2./6+,.)+$(*(+V+*#F<#*./+
*%+$()9.".7+_\+S@QO?+%+_o+@-OB++
f'#4#.//3"2%/%+
@&='"/+ 2#,./+ *%+ 9($2>)#(/+ 2C4+ (+
$(,($#*(*%+ *%+ .92%)+ %"%)=#(+
(2)(0>/+ *(+ .<#*(P1.+ *%+
/'9/2G"$#(/+ #".)=G"#$(/6+ '/("*.+
%//(+ %"%)=#(+ ,()(+ D#<()+ *#F<#*.+
*%+$()9.".B++
+
;/+ $.4,./2./+ #".)=G"#$./+
'2#&#A(*./+,.*%4+/%)+*#0%)/./7+
S?n+²+@4."3($.:+
8;\+²+Q#F<#*.+*%+8()9.".:+
?\E+²+E'&D')%2.+*%+?#*).=>"#.B+
f'#4#.//3"2%/%+
;+,).$%//.+>+%4+2'*.+/%4%&H("2%+c+D.2.//3"2%/%7+
!4(+D(/%+*%+,).*'P1.+*%+@-O+%+S@QO?B+
@+ *#D%)%"P(+ )%/#*%+ "%/2(+ D(/%6+ ,.)+ .<#*(P1.+ *%+
$.4,./2./+ 4#"%)(#/6+ %/2%/+ .)=("#/4./+ .92C4+ ,).2a%/+ %+
%&%$2)a%/+%//%"$#(#/+(+,).*'P1.+*.+@-O+%+S@QO?B+
+
!4(+ D(/%+ %4+ 5'%+ .$.))%+ .+ $#$&.+ *(/+ ,%"2./%/6+ %+
5'%+&%0(4+c+,).*'P1.+*%+$.4,./2./+.)=G"#$./B++
f'#4#.//3"2%/%+
I"2)%+ ./+ .)=("#/4./+ 5'%+
)%(&#A(4+ %/2%+ 2#,.+ *%+
('2.2).D#(+ *%/2($(4R/%+
(/+ 9($2>)#(/+ D%))./(/6+
/'&D')./(/+%+"#2)#D#$("2%/B++
+
I/2(/+ 9($2%)#(/+ %/21.+ "(+
9(/%+ *%+ 4'#2./+
%$.//#/2%4(/+ ,)#0(*./+
*%+ &'A+ /.&()6+ 2(#/+ $.4.+
D."2%/+2%)4(#/+*./+)#D2%/B++