1963

1 (32)

. .

Q -b,
a,bQ,
,
= b, = b a,bQ.

Q [1],
:
a(bc) = (ab) (),
(1)

(bc)a = (ba)(ca).

(2)

(1) (2) . .
[2] , . [3], [4],
,
. ,
, .
,
<]>,
.

= xty (~ ).

(3)

Q ( o ) . Q(-)
, Q ( ) .

. [2] , <
> xtyx~ , . .
Q . (3)
= -$, , ,
, .
:
, ?
.
,
. 1.
Q(-)
,

l

2)

3)

xy-zx = (x-yz)x,
,

(4)

y,zQ.

1) Q ( ) ,
(?(). {-, ),
Q ().

2) Q ( o ) Q (),
, , Q , , ( ) ?-"( X, yQ.
Q ( o ) Q(). = 1.
3) \ =1 = .

17

, ,
, , [5].
1 ([5], . 115). :
x(y-xz)

= (xy-x)z,

(xy-z) = x(y-zy),

(5)

(4) .
2 ([5], . 111,115). Q ()
:
() = () , () = () , () = () X,
() = ()'
= ,
- = -1 = \,{- )-1 = ,{)- = -*-*.
1

(6)
(7)
(8).

Q .
3. >

.
. . ,
.
, Q ( - ) 2 + 1,
= . = -
= x
= ( x ) ' = (y )
= / + = :
([5], . 117),
,
.
, .
2. Q ( - ) . Q(),
,
2

2+1

2 n + 2

J + 1

2 n+l

(, ) = ~ ,

(9)

Q(-) ([5|, . 120).

1.

.
. , Q() .

(, ) = , *
(9), : xa~ .
~ , ~ ~~ = ~ ,
l

{xar f

= bar\

(10)

, , -^
,
, 1/2:
- 7 + J C ' . , (10)
'xa~ =(ba~ yi , x=(ba~ )
.
(, ) = ab~ a. ,
. , Q()
. , Q(A) , . .
l

1 2

l vi

[, A(y,z)]

= A[A(x,y),

A(y,z)}

- (11)
l

, , z Q. t \(, ), (, z)]=A (xy~ x,

xz~ x)=
= xy~ x-(xz" x)~ -xy~ x.


(5) (8): t = ' -" zx~ -xy~
= (xy~ X
X\~ zx~ )-xy~ x t = {x[y~ (x-x~ zx~ )]\-xy~
.

:
-^ zx~ = (~ -z) " = zx~ .
,

1
x
t = [ (->-- ))
~ \ [ ( rzx~ )\ xYy-^-x '= 1{[xy~x-'izx^L'X)]X
X \ \ = [ ( - -z) ~ \ = [( "
= - zy~ -,x,=
X
X \ (, z)\~ [, A (y,z)\. (11). , ,
, Q () .
1

>

~ )1'

-391.

18

. .

2. ,

(. . ),

=
(12)
, yQ.
. (12) . Q ()
, , ,
[(,~ ),
\\ = [(,
1),(*-\1)],
(13)
(, 1) = ( , ~ ), () = .

:
-
= .
(14)
, (12).
(12) . ,
(14), (13).
z
. L , L a = A (z, )
, (1)
Q(A). L
(13):
* A\A(L y,
L x~ ),
L \\ = A[A(L y,
L l), A(L x~\
L \)\.
(15)
Ho L \ =A(z, l) = z , L y = zy~ z, L x = zxz. z , zy~ z, zxz
, v, w, (15) A [A (v, w), ] =
= A [A (v, ), A (w, )]. , v, w,
Q(-), .
3.
,

,
Q ( ),

[ ( )] z = x [
(
z)}
(16)
(. [5], . 121).
. [6], Q(A)
, . ,
:
2

y = A(RJ x,
Lu y),
(17)
R x = (, g), L x = A(h, ). Q ( o ) ,
A (h, g). Q ()
Q(-). Q ( ) (17), g = h = \.
R x=A
(, 1) = , L x = (1, ) = ~ . , =
= A(RT , L\ ), (, ) = R x L , (, )=
.
(9), - = ,
= .
(18)
g

( ) z, (5) (8):
( ) z = xyx-z-xyx
= xyx-(z-xyx)
= (-)\{zx-y)x\
=
[ (zx )] X = [ ( zx) ] = [ (xzx) ] = [ ( z) ] X
= [ {X z)} X = X [ ( z)],
. .
( ) = X o [ ( )\.
(19)
2

Q(-) Q ( o ); ,
2 = 1 , (19) ( yf = x o ( ),
, [ ( )] z = x o [ ( z)]. ,
,
(16).
2

19

1. Q( ), 3,
, Q ( - )
(12).
, (18)
:

(20)

Q ( ) , , 2,
( ) = ( ) X.
Q(-) (20,:
112

!2

1!2

2 112

= ( > )

("

(21)

xy^W-

1 2

' :
2

1,2

1 2

^() () ' .
(22)
z ; ~ z y~* = " ()~ = .
(22) , v (y~ z y~ f
2

2 ll2

2 2

= (z ) -y^z y- _

(z f , z y- z

= zy~ z y~ z, zy~ z = y- z y-\

, y~ , z
, (12).
(21) (22) ,
(12) (21). (16)
z = x: [ ( )] = [ ( )]. ,
(21), [ ( )] = [( ) ]. :
,
: ( ) = ( ) .
(15) \( ) \ z = x [ ( z)\.
, 1, , Q ( ) .
2 1 3,
2. (12)
Q ( - ) , Q ( - )
, Q ( ), (20).
, [7], ,

, , .
.
, ,
> Q ( - ) Q.
, ,
, (12)
Q(A),
, . Q(A)
, , [6] (
Q ( ) , Q ( - ) ~ ), Q ( )
, Q ( o ) V .
. Q(-),
[8] (. 225). <? , #
3k + 2,
:
" = 1, b = c = d = l,
cb = bcd, a~ bac,
= b~ ~ , .
da = ad, db bd, dc = cd.

!) , , .

2*

20

. .

a~ ba=c,
~ =~ ~
~' { )
=
"" = ~ ~ .
,
ba~ ba =c~ .
(12),

:
c- = (a- b a- )a
= a- b a = (a- ba) = c ,
= 1. , , c =\
q > 3. ,
Q ( - ) . (12) .
, Q ( - )
, .
, -", . .
(16), , .
.
, ([5],
. 124).
1

. .

12 XII 1959

1. . B u r s t i n , W. M a y e r . Distributive Gruppen. J . rein und angew Math.,

160, S. 111160, 1929.
2. Sh. K. S t e i n . On a construction of Hosszu. Publ. Math. Debrecen, 6, p. 1015,
1959.
3. M . . . Colloq. Math., 5, p. 3242. 1957.
. 4. M . H o s s z u . Nonsymmetric means. Publ. Math. Debrectn, 6, p. 19, 1959.
5. R. H . r u c k . A survey of binary systems. Springer Verlag, Berlin Oottingen Heidelberg, 1958.
6. A. A . A l b e r t . Quasigroups, I. Trans. Amer. Math. S o c , 54, p. 507519, 1943.
7. . . . . , . XIII,
. 3 (81), . 235236, 1958.
8. . . . . . , . , 1959.