Toma:umapui qe+uuus+

Hpuua epeoruua
K noc1anonke npoueum
Ocnonnax reopernueckax nonrrka annon crartn +ro nonrrka nnecrn n
ocyxenne n conpeennrn nocrconercknn renepnrn/|ennncrcknn nckypc
napanne c pyrnn oosnauennxn nesananrx |ennnson (nnernon, uepnrn,
nocrkononnantnrn, nannonanncrnuecknn, necnncknn n r.n.) nonxrne rorann-
rapnoro |ennnsa |ennnsa, sapoxennoro nnyrpn nnn nocne rorannrap-
nrx onecrn nx oxcnennx ero nonnrnuecknx pesyntraron n rnne CCCP.
B pakypce +ron saaun ocnonnr reopernueckn ycnnne xnnxercx nonrrka xorx
r nynkrnpno nosnparnrtcx k nponee onrra nne npnnrunoro neonornuecko-
ro o|opnennx
1
n ononpeenno nne nonynxpnrx neonornn rpnnnannsannn
pasnnunx ornonennx k ney kak ncero nnnt onoy ns pasnnunn n nx konrek-
cryantno |ynknnonnponannn. Tontko na nyrn nne neonornueckoro o|opne-
nnx r coxe, na on nsrnx, uro-ro ckasart o ro |ennnse n o rex renep-
nrx nccneonannxx, n koroprx rak nnrencnnno nanenrno saencrnonanr. Hpn
+ro ocnonnr nonnrnueckn pesyntraro nckypcon nsenennn r nn n koe
cnyuae ne cunrae npakrnkn oopaunnannx onnanrnrx nop nyre nx npo-
croro okkynnponannx.
Hpesnmuannoe nouoaenne n noc1cone1ckou qeunnnsue
B crarte Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon pycckoxsrunax |ennncrckax unrarent-
nnna cranknnaercx c nponokarnnnr, nponnunr n ecnonanr resnco o
konuecko n ornonennn nocrounoenponenckoro |ennnsa: n ro npex kak na
3anae noxnnxercx ruuea Ienepnax rpenora, sanepnnnnax sananyn |en-
nncrckyn napanry anrnnonxn (ecnn ne ckasart anopnxn) rnnennx o
cekcyantno pasnnunn, renepnax rpenora kak nparmura (+ksncrennnantnax n/
nnn npokparnsannn) sapoxaercx na Bocroke (n Bocrounon Enpone c +nrysn-
aso sanono orkprnann pasnnune nonon, nnn ro, uro sa nero nrananoct,
212 Hpuua epeoruua
nnner Mnrnena
2
), a nocrounoenponenckne renepnre nccneonannx opeuenr
nponrn ror xe nyrt, uro n sananre (onxnr rnn onncart nonyn cnryannn n
Bocrounon Enpone n nce xe rnn noxoxn na defa vu, nnner Mnrnena). B pe-
syntrare onn ns napaokcon, koropre oxno rontko npenoxnrt (n koro-
pre n npenaraer n cnoen crarte Mnrnena Hnkonunna), xnnxercx napaokc kon-
ueckoro n nne pasnnrnx cnepxy nnns (n ro uncne n n nne npokparn-
sannn cnepxy): xorx nocrounoenponenckne n/nnn nocrconerckne renepnre nc-
cneonannx opeuenr nponrn ror xe nyrt, uro n sananre, no rontko nnns n
nne konueckoro nonropennx. Fesycnonno rpanarnuecknn resnc o konuecko
(nnns) nocrounoenponenckoro |ennnsa oopaunnaercx n +ron crarte n no-
naropcknn |nnoco|cknn resnc o ro, uro, okasrnaercx, knnnr+ccennnen sana-
non cyekrnnnon crpykrypr kak crpykrypr nnepx-nnns (npenonoxnrentno
rerenenckon), nnepennon pycckn |nnoco|o Koxeno (no nsnecrnoy npe-
nonoxennn eppna) n conpeennyn enponenckyn |nnoco|nn, xnnxercx crpyk-
rypa nenno eeuoepuoeo cyekra ncera n nne nnn ontne ue on/ona ecrt,
nnn entne, ue on/ona ecrt.
Cneynnn nponokarnnnr nx pycckoxsrunrx unrarentnnn resnco
Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon n pakax npenoxennon rpaekropnn nornkn cnnxennx n
pasnnrnn renepnrx nccneonannn, enannn re ne enee +ry crartn oco-
enno nonesnon nenno nx nocrconerckoro konrekcra, koroprn nnkora ne o-
cyxaercx n pakax rpaekropnn nnepx (ro ecrt c nocroka na sana, n repnnax
Mnrnenr; n ecrt nn y nero noone rakon nanc?..), xnnxercx nnonne conpeen-
nrn nocrkononnantnrn aknenr na +rnnunocrn, n anno cnyuae na pyccko-
crn kak na ocoo nornuecko rnne nnacrn/kyntrypr kak kyntrypr cnnxennx
(Bocxoxnee nnxenne noonopora, nnxenne, koropoe coxpanxno ro, uro ono
paspynano, n paspynano ro, uro coxpanxno, cunranoct, cneonarentno, conep-
nennr, ecnn n pesyntrare ro, uro rno cnepxy (neeca, or, aconnrnrn yx,
nen, no rakxe n napt, ypxyasnx.), nepeenanoct nnns, nnner Mnrnena).
H n +ro crcne penonnnnonnocrt crpykrypr renepnoro pasnnunx (nockontky
nenno cekcyantnoe pasnnune pankantno ycrpanxer eury |nnoco|on o npe-
npanennn nyx n ono, no nrpaxennn Mnrnenr) n coornercrnenno sananoro
renepnoro cyekra |akrnueckn connaaer c nonarannencx n conpeennon
|nnoco|nn (haknay, +nxek, Fatn) anpnopnon (n ro uncne n naroapx Koxe-
ny) penonnnnonnocrtn +rnnueckoro pycckoro cyekra, y koroporo rerent-
xnckax peyknnx pasnnunx o npornnopeunx nnncana n pankanns penonn-
nnonnoro akra
3
. H encrnnrentno, nnkakax pyrax, kpoe aypr penonnnnn, ne
okyrrnaer pyccknn |ennns c oenra ero nosnnknonennx xorx r n nne
pankantnon penonnnnonnon onoronno nonropxeon nperensnn na ynnkant-
nocrt n ycnonnxx konnekrnnnoro onecrna: x, nepnax xennnna, koropax.
(uro rak sanopaxnnano nepnrx sananrx cnanncron, sanxnnnxcx nsyuenne rer
|ennnsa n Poccnn
4
). Bet pycckax ncropnx npenaraer k paccorpennn ne
213 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
rontko o|nnnantnrn/nnepantnrn pyccknn |ennns nauana 20 neka, n koro-
po, ecnn nocnontsonartcx onncannr x. Ckorr nepnr cnenapne |anrasnn
na arepnane sananrx |ennncrcknx nnxennn, asonon xnnxercx yronnuec-
kax |anrasnx roxecrna n raponnn, uro nponsnoxrcx arepnnckon nnontn
(no koroprn ne ncuepnrnaer, koneuno xe, onacrt xenckoro nonnrnueckoro n
+ror nepno n, onee roro, koroprn ne nsnecren pycckoy acconoy cosna-
nnn!), no n pankantnrn |ennns o |ennnsa, kora, no era|opnuec-
koy onpeenennn Ckorr, onnokax xennnna na nonye opanaercx k yxc-
kon aynropnn n nepexnnaer cnon peut kak rpancrpeccnnnoe fouissance xep-
rnennrn n reponuecknn penonnnnonnrn reppopns (kak pas nsnecrnrn acco-
noy cosnannn Bepa 3acynnu, Co|tx Heponckax n p. koropoe n ne xouer
nnert nnoro, uro nnonne n pycne rpannnonnrx oxnannn nonnornnoct n o-
pase caon nsnecrnon nocrconerckon |ennncrkn Mann Aparonon), n koro-
po penpesenrnponana rakax rpaekropnx nsrrka peantnoro, uro npnnonr k
nenosoxnocrn nsexart nponer paspynennx
5
.
B pesyntrare n conpeennrn |ennns rnnero CCCP, coennnnnnn o-
nonpeenno kak neanno onapyxennyn renepnyn penonnnnonnyn crpykry-
py cyekrnnnocrn, rak n annnn +rnnueckyn crpykrypy pankannsa peno-
nnnnonnoro akra, |opnpyer napaokc, koroprn neer, nosoxno, reopern-
uecknn nanc na yponne onronornn saennn sananyn eury o nepeenax, ne-
pexoax n rpancrpeccnxx c nckypca koynnsa na nckypc nocrconerckoro
|ennnsa (kak nckypca nonoro nponerapnara, no nrpaxennn Anronno He-
rpn) okasartcx akryantnr n conpeennon |nnoco|nn n neno? Bet kakon
ene pyron nocrconercknn nckypc ceronx rak npxo n onpeenenno nnont
crannr noncrnne penonnnnonnyn nent nsenennx connantnoro nopxka n ne-
no
6
(n neer nx +roro nonnrnueckyn nnonaky
7
)? Kakon ene nckypc ceronx
nnont oruaxnno nacrannaer ne na npno cynecrnonannn pasnnunn, peynn-
pyx k nn knacconyn opty, a kak pas nanpornn, pasnnunx peynnpyer n nep-
cnekrnny knacconon optr nenno +ry nonnrnueckyn nepcnekrnny akryann-
syer, n uacrnocrn, ona ns nanonee nonynxpnrx reopernkon nocrconerckoro
|ennnsa Enena Ianona yxe na yponne nasnannx crartn (noenennon n +ro
xe noepe xypnana): Knacconrn nonpoc nocrconerckoro |ennnsa, nnn o
ornneuennn yrnerennrx or penonnnnonnon optr?
Mne kaxercx, crartx Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon kak pas n orkprnaer +ry nonyn
nepcnekrnny nosoxnoro ocyxennx nocrconerckoro |ennnsa nepeonon
sananon |nnoco|nen.
Onako uror npoonxnrt ocyxart annyn reopernueckyn nepcnekrn-
ny, yrounn, uro n kauecrne napaokcantnrx n ornnune or nsnecrnrx |opy-
nnponok x. Ckorr, nccneonannen nornueckne napaokcr nckypca sananrx
|ennncrcknx nnxennn c oenra nx sapoxennx n nocrconercko konrek-
cre nrcrynanr ne nckypcnnnre nornueckne napaokcr, a nparmura nanekrn-
214 Hpuua epeoruua
ueckoro npornnopeunx, koropax cront xe orenna, kak n sno, nnn pyrnna rep-
popa (enncrno n connaenne npornnononoxnocren n npornnopeunx n nonxrn-
xx, no rakxe n n arepnantnon encrnnrentnocrn, nanonnaer Mnrnena).
H yxe n npakrnke oxno |nkcnponart napaokcr rnnennx kak napaokcr npak-
rnkn.
B +ro konrekcre nasone nepnrn napaokc nocrconerckoro |ennnsa
(kak npakrnkn) |nnoco|nn poxennx ns nnuero, ononpeennoe npnoe
cocynecrnonanne nen pankantnoro pasprna c (conerckn) nponnr n pa-
nkantnon neonornn nonoro kak rnopennx ns nnuero. Bosoxno, nenno
orcna nect +nrysnas naexr n nauane 90-x na ononpeenno rereporennoe
1) eokparnueckyn nnnnnyannn n 2) cnon cocrnennrn |ennns.
Bropon napaokc npn ycnonnn poxennn ns nnuero ononpeennoe
npnoe cocynecrnonanne ne rontko 1) reopernueckoro resnca o connantnon
ckoncrpynponannocrn renepa (c koropon kak nauannct renepnre nccneona-
nnx n nocrconercko npocrpancrne, rak n npoonxanrcx, nponarannpyx (nx
uannnkon) npocryn nnapnyn onnosnnnn non/renep), no n 2) npakrnk nep-
|oparnnnocrn renepnrx nccneonannn kak penpesenrannn nx nsrnxa py-
roro no ne rpnnnantno uyxoro (sananoro pyroro), a kak pas cnoero: sanpoc
nokantnrx pexnon nnacrn (n cnyuae Poccnn eocsaras Coe+uua CCCP n 1989
roy
8
). Hanonee npneuarentnr n +ron npakrnke npnnynrentnon naccno-
napnocrn xnnxercx onee nponsnocrno a||ekra ocnooxennx kak nonrx
xencknx a||nparnnnrx +ksncrennnantnrx nyx, kora xencknn cyekr
yxe ne|opantno, uepes yrnepxenne cnonx a||nparnnnrx uvwo orneuaer
na nonrn, nponsneennrn ne n, sanpoc-nenrn|nkannn nnacrn, koroprn nnep-
nre n pycckon kyntrypnon rpannnn ocynecrnnxercx na yponne nonornueckoro
n cekcyantnocrn
9
.
Tpernn napaokc n nocrconercko |ennnse ne cynecrnyer pasenennx
na nckypc n npakrnky, ro ecrt sect ne cocroxncx opnnapnrn sananrn crpyk-
rypnrn kon|nnkr akaenuecknn |ennns/xenckoe nnxenne, a nanpo-
rnn, npncyrcrnyer neopnnapnax cmpacmi k nnxennn (n k encrnnn): ror
|akr, uro can renepnre nccneonarentnnnr nce npex ronopxr ne o nccneo-
nannxx, no o encrnnn (nnxennn), ne rpeyer cnennantnrx okasarentcrn.
Kak yro n nocrconercknx nonnrnuecknx ycnonnxx ne cynecrnyer pyrnx norn-
uecknx ocnonannn nx nckypca renepnrx nccneonannn, kpoe apryenra
xenckoro nnxennx. Kak yro nckypc renepnrx nccneonannn ne xnnx-
ercx connantnon naykon. Kak yro n crpanax rnnero CCCP ne cronr saaua
pasnnrnx nenno connantnrx uavr kak nckypca.
Henno n +ro crcne x ne cornacna c nouey-ro pacnpocrpanennr n
|eneneentnr resnco o ro, uro nocrconercknn |ennns/renepnre nc-
cneonannx ne xnnxnrcx nonnrnuecknn. H naepenno cnxsannr c nn resn-
co, uro |ennns/renepnre nccneonannx n rnne CCCP ncero nnnt ycna-
215 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
nnanr/nnoxo nepenoxr
10
sananyn |ennncrckyn reopnn. 2, nanpornn, cun-
ran, uro nocrconercknn |ennns, saponnnnct n coepe+euuo+ euoe ornnt
ne n poccnnckon nnepnn (kak okasrnanr +ro ontnnncrno nocrconercknx
ncropnkon), a reneanornueckn n +noxy crannnnsa (n nne penonnnnonnrx npak-
rnk xenckon cyekrnnnsannn nokantnrx/+rnnuecknx +nnr nanpnep, n nnne
xenr n ouepn Crannna Haexr n Cnernanr Annnnyenrx n pyrnx npecra-
nnrentnnn rorannrapnon noenknarypr) co ncen nynnn orcna nonnrnuec-
knn ocoennocrxn (1) ensoncknn a||ekr necro snannx, 2) nonxrne konn-
narepx n esnakasannocrn y Araena, 3) nnnnnyannx accr, ro ecrt |ana-
rns cnoonoro nropa Panctepa, 4) |nsnueckoe nacnnne npornn nnx/py-
rnx n r. n r.n.), nanpornn, ne oxer ncrannnponartcx or rekynen nonnrnuec-
kon cnryannn nacrontko, uro ne anannsnpyer, a nanenrno n nnrencnnno npo-
xnnaer cnon 1) +ksncrennnantnyn n/nnn 2) npokparnueckyn renepno-ap-
knponannyn xnsnt no ee nanpannennr npornn canx cex npannna. H nen-
no n +ro crcne on, na on nsrnx, xnnxercx akcnantno nonnrnueckn. Fo-
nee roro, noxnnnnncx n rnne CCCP nn n kako nno, kak n nne paoura:i-
uoeo qe+uuus+a kak pankantnoro ornera na nonrn sanpoc nokantnon nnacrn
(ynoxnyrrn rocsakas)
11
, 1) pankantno n pennrentno n nocrconercknx ycnonn-
xx cenan kareropnn xennnn nonrn enrn/nonr nponerapnaro,
2) pankantno npornnonocrannn annyn kareropnn nonoy pexny nnacrn n
pakax penonnnnonnoro anraronnsa r-onn (naunnax co snaennron crartn n
xypnane HK KHCC Koynncr n 1989 r. Pnanenckon H.M., Hocackon A.H.,
3axaponon H.K. Kak r penae xencknn nonpoc): r/nonrn nponerapn-
ar (xennnnr)-onn/ont oncrpa (nonoe-knaccono-narpnapxarno-koppy-
nnponano-nannonanncrnueckn-onnrapxnueckn-cekcncrckoe n r.n. rocyapcrno).
Hentsx nn npenonoxnrt n +ro konrekcre, uro +ro ne renepnre nccneonannx
ne oryr, ro ecrt ne oecneunnanr nonnrnueckyn npakrnky/encrnne xenc-
koro nnxennx, a uro nokantnre xenckne nnxennx ne xorxr npnnxrt pan-
kantnrn |ennns renepnrx nccneonannn n rnne CCCP c ero cront xe
penonnnnonnon kak kora-ro n 17 roy nponnoro neka nonnrnueckon saa-
uen nsenennx ne npocro nonoxennx xennnn kak orentnon connantnon kare-
ropnn (kak kora-ro nponerapnara), no n connantnoro nopxka/renepnoro pe-
xna n neno?
B +ro ecre x nonpoyn, n ornnune or Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon, ncnontso-
nart pyron |nnoco|cknn, cnxsannrn c apknponkon rorannrapnrx nckypcon
npoekr, npnennn ero k nckypcy rorannrapnoro |ennnsa. Ecnn y Mnrnenr
Hnkonunnon rorannrapnrn nckypc (kak nckypc nornueckoro npornnopeunx)
nepenocnrcx (nor ono cumue!) n ocnonr sananon era|nsnkn, n na ocnone
+roro penonnnnonnoro nepenoa |enoenr ocoennoro (nanpnep, nocrou-
noenponencknn/ne rorannrapns/r n/nnn |pannysckax |nnoco|nx ekoncrpyk-
nnn n r.n.) n pakax exannsa neycrannoro nounnennx n ornnunx nonna-
216 Hpuua epeoruua
nrcx n repnnax nornkn konueckoro kak nornkn differance, ro x xorena r no-
nxrt ror xe |enoen rorannrapnoro nckypca (n coornercrnenno rorannrapnoro
|ennnsa) n repnnax npornnononoxnon en nornkn +uuu+a:iuoeo pas:u:u,
onnpaxct na |nnoco|ckne crparernn pyrnx nocrounoenponennen, |nrypnpyn-
nnx ceronx na nponon |nnoco|ckon cnene Rnnn Kpncrenon, Cnanox +n-
xeka, Anenkn 3ynanunu. Kak |ennncrcknn |nnoco| n +ron nornueckon rpaek-
ropnn n n +ro |nnoco|cko pxy ocoenno nnrepecna Rnnx Kpncrena: net,
nosoxno, axe aepnkancknn +nrysnas n anponpnannn Kpncrenon kak ney-
nero enponenckoro reopernka (no konnuecrny nocnxnennrx en na anrnnncko
xsrke onorpa|nn Kpncrena nnnpyer cpen pyrnx |pannyscknx |nnoco|on)
na cao ene nrsnan rnynnnon rpenoron nenno n cnxsn c ee |nnoco|nen
rorannrapnsa kak nckypca nnnantnoro pasnnunx no cpannennn c nnnnn-
yannso. Horoy uro ocoennocrt |nnoco|nn Kpncrenon cocronr n ro, uro,
sannaxct xsrko, nnreparypon, ncnxoanannso n r.n. rean, ona esycnonno
sannaercx rorannrapnso rorannrapnr rnnenne n |nnoco|nen kak
rorannrapnr rnnenne n kauecrne 1) arpnnna kak npakrnk |anrasarn-
ueckoro nonnrnueckoro cyekrnnnoro koneannx exy cnnxnne n ornpane-
nne n cyekrnnannen uepes npxoe |nsnueckoe nacnnne (na uro, na on nsrnx,
rakxe opanaer cnennantnoe nnnanne Mnrnena Hnkonunna n knnre 3nauenne
n arepeynncrno
12
) n 2) npakrnk ocynecrnnennx n nperepnenannx nacnnnx n
nnrepcyekrnnno npocrpancrne ornonennx k nnxney, a ne k +nnantnoy
ontnoy pyroy. pyron |pannyscknn |nnoco| +ak Panctep no kpnrepnn
nornkn nnnantnoro pasnnunx, nosoxno, ene onee pankanen n cnonx |n-
noco|cknx nrnoax
13
, kora npxo |opynnpyer, uro ceronx ncuesno cornane-
nne o ro, uro eokparnx npecrannxer coon npana uenoneka nnnc cnoonrn
prnok, nnnc cnoonrn nrop nnnnnyya, noroy uro, no ero nennn, e-
okparnuecknn nnnnnyanns n rorannrapnrn reppop conecrno yuacrnonann
n saronope c nentn paspynnrt nce connantnre/uenoneueckne cnxsn. Fonee roro,
Panctep npxo yrnepxaer, uro rorannrapns +ro ecrecrnennoe n neoxon-
oe cnecrnne rak nasrnaeoro eokparnueckoro nnnnnyannsa: 1) |ana-
rns cnoonoro nropa n 2) esrpannunoro norpenennx.
H nor sect x xouy oparnrt cnennantnoe nnnanne na na asonrx, na on
nsrnx, exannsa nosnnknonennx nocrconerckoro |ennnsa:
1) pesko cnepxy nnns (n repnnax Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon); no ne n crcne
or sanaa
14
k nocroky nnn naoopor, a n crcne nokantnoro nponsnocrna: or
nokantnoro nrcokoro (conerckoe kak n ro uncne n +rnka opantnoro onra) k
nokantnoy nnskoy (nornke nckpnnnannn n rak nasrnaeon +rnke peantno-
ro). Cnecrnne +roro nanekrnueckoro nnxennx cnnxennx/onynennx xnnx-
ercx esycnonno cnntnennnn a||ekr xeprnr nckpnnnannn n nensenno co-
nponoxannnn ero a||ekr sanpera na rnnenne. Henno n rako cnyuae en-
217 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
crnne cranonnrcx enncrnenno nosoxnr paspenenne optr npornnono-
noxnocren n nne pankannsa penonnnnonnoro akra;
2) exanns nornkn onynennx kak nornkn nnskoro xnnxercx exanns-
o a||npannn rpanr npn +ro ne rpanr ercrna (koropyn oxno nrne-
unrt n knaccnuecko ncnxoanannse), a rpanr poxennx (cnxsannon c nensne-
unon +rnkon crpaannx). Henno orcna nrcokax nonnrnueckax konnnkryp-
nocrt nnskon/rpanarnunon rer nacnnnx npornn xennnn (n r.n. ocoenno
ropronnn xennnnan) kak nrcnen |opr nckpnnnannn xennnn n rn-
ne CCCP, npnsnanaeon n nsyuaeon ne rontko no sananr nsrnxo n
pakax crparernn ryannrapnon noonn, no n nourn c yonontcrnne npn-
snanaeon n cann renepnrn nccneonarentnnnan sect n kauecrne ne-
ocrarka neocrarka kak nsrrka peantnoro (n |opynnponke Mnrnenr Hn-
konunnon). Orcna neynax |opa nocrconercknx renepnrx nccneonannn kak
no npenynecrny +nnpnueckon |nkcannn pasnnunrx encrnnrentno rpana-
rnuecknx |akron nckpnnnannn.
Aro xnnxercx pesyntraro? Pesyntraro xnnxercx ro, uro Panctep nasrnaer
paaryprnen upesnruannoro nonoxennx, koropyn onncrnaer na npnepe
anannsa |nnta ornnnnt hapca |on Tpnepa (2002) kak nonyn connantnyn
paaryprnn 1) eckoneunoro sna, 2) eckoneunoro npanocynx (koropoe pacno-
naraercx, no ero nennn, na nnr npanonopxko) n 3) eckoneunoro nose-
nennx. dnnt, no nennn Panctepa, cnnroarnuno eoncrpnpyer npano
xeprnr kak aconnrnoe npano no ry cropony nnoro npana (npano nsnacnno-
nannrx xennnn n kasnennrx yxunn n r.n. n ero nnrepnperannn), rpeynnee
rakoro xe aconnrnoro ornera sa npeenan ncxkon npnnueckon nopr, n
nenosoxnocrt nocpennuecrna exy +rnn oev+ npanan n oev+ nacnnnx-
n. annyn anraronncrnueckyn nornky Panctep onpeenxer kak upesnruan-
noe nonoxenne nonoxenne, koropoe ne pasnnuaer nanauen n xeprn, kora
nenno xeprna opeuena na reppop n nenno nanau nrnonnxer |ynknnn rya-
nncrnueckoro onnka nacnnnx, neoxonoro n coonecrne nopxka nyre (na-
cnntcrnennoro) nsannennx or rpanr poxennx
15
. annre nponearnsannn
cnyxar npeocrepexenne n nx conpeennoro |ennnsa napxy c pyrnn
conpeennrn nckypcan conpornnnennx, anennnpynnnn k reponsy, crpa-
xy, opte n orponon onacnocrn n ncnontsynnnn pnropnky optr n crpa-
annx (cronr n kpnkn, nrpaxannne crpaanne, nnner Panctep).
Cnnroo roro, uro no repnno |ennns nonnanrcx npexe nce-
ro npakrnkn (xenckon) nonnrnueckon cyekrnnnsannn n rnne CCCP n nne
anraronncrnueckoro necynnnponannoro n neonocpeonannoro rorannrapnoro
ornonennx r (xenckoe nnxenne)/onn (nonre pexnr nnacrn) necro
aronncrnueckoro, okasrnaercx ornnt ne cnyuannrn sect, kak rno ykasano
nrne, |enoen Mann Aparonon kak |ennncrkn. B ocnone annon nornkn
anraronnsa npn +ro nexnr ornnt ne rpnnnantnoe nornueckoe ncne sa
218 Hpuua epeoruua
nesananrn |ennnsan orkprrne, uro ne nce xennnnr oryr rrt cecrpa-
n (arepnnckax yronnx x. Ckorr): net no ananornn c Aparonon kak o|n-
nnantnrn, rak n neo|nnnantnrn |ennns (n nnne nepnoro |ennncrckoro
antanaxa Mapnx) n rnne CCCP onnakono ncnontsyer +ksncrennnant-
nyn pnropnky npnnynrentnon naccnonapnocrn optr n crpaannx, kpn-
kon n cronon, anennnpyx k reponsy, crpaxy, opte n orponon onacnocrn
(necorpx na exannuecknn sakas nnacrn). Onako rouno rak xe n n ncnxoana-
nnse exannueckne encrnnx anannrnka nensexno nrsrnanr, kak nsnecrno,
neexannueckyn crpacrnyn nepenocnyn nnont! B pesyntrare nckypc nocr-
conerckoro |ennnsa o|opnen nnonne n yxe pyrnx nonnrnk conpornnne-
nnx, |nkcnpyerx +ako Panctepo kak 1) kpnrnka onn oncrpa, 2) nornka
pasonauennx (c nosnnnn xeprnr n r.n.) n 3) ne onrr, a ero neonornueckoe
o|opnenne.
Hoorana nn +roy nckypcy nponnunocrt xypnana Hocnenkn?..
Kpoe roro, n +ron rouke ocyxennx x xorena r oparnrt nnnanne n na
ror paarnuecknn |akr, uro n sa|nkcnponannon Mnrnenon Hnkonunnon nens-
exnon rpaekropnn konueckoro cnnxennx cnepxy nnns, c sanaa na nocrok c
nensexno cnoncrnennon en nornkon ananornn (c nepxo, sanao) nocrco-
nercknn |ennns onapyxnnaer cex n pesyntrare n ornnt ne konuecko
npocrpancrne yronnueckon nepasnnunocrn |akra n sakona (ecnn nocnontso-
nartcx ene onn opasnr onpeenenne Panctepa) ro ecrt roro, uro ecrt
(na sanae) n roro, uro onxno rrt (y nac). Ha on nsrnx, nenno n +ron
yronnueckon nepcnekrnne sanoxenr npnunnr nrnyxennoro, esycnonno o-
nesnennoro, oreuaeoro n kauecrne rakonoro ncen nocrconercknn anropan
pannennx na sananrn |ennns. H orcna xe nonnrnuecknn pankanns sa-
poxennoro ene n nepax rnnero CCCP |ennnsa, koroprn npn ero cosna-
rentnon reopernueckon opnenrannn na sana
16
re ne enee reneanornueckn
ro ecrt nennnenno n necosnarentno npoonxaer rpannnn pycckoro |en-
nnsa o |ennnsa kak nonrrky paspennrt nepaspennyn anrnnonn yro-
nnn (xorx n no pyroy nonoy) exy re, uro ecrt n re, uro onxno rrt.
Ho napaokc a||ekra yronnn cocronr, kak nsnecrno, ne rontko n ro, uro no-
nrrkn paspenennx yronnueckon anrnnonn paarnunr n onesnennr nx ca-
oro cyekra yronnn (uro nornepxanr cnnerentcrna yuacrnnn Kpyrnoro
crona n anno noepe xypnana; na +ro |one kparko entknynnax |enno-
nornx no narponaxe pykonocrna Hnanonckoro rocyapcrnennoro ynnnepcn-
rera npocro repanenrnueckax npakrnka pasnnrnx renepnrx nccneonannn n
rnne CCCP), no uro ocnonannoe na narnx naepennxx yronnueckoe en-
crnne neer ypnyn npnnruky oopaunnartcx n npakrnkn nepe|nekcnnnoro ne-
penoca ornercrnennocrn na rex, kro npenonoxnrentno enaer peannsannn yro-
nnn. Bosoxno, orcna accnponannax, no rpnnnantnax nornka noospennx n
nourn onocnrentcrna n n rak xpynko none nonoro nckypca renepnrx nccne-
219 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
onannn: opta n xanor na ro, kro renepnrn, a kro ner, kro ncrnnno
|ennncrcknn, a kro nencrnnno, kro ocnyxnnaer naprnnnre nenn nnxe-
nnx, a kro ner, kro corpynnuaer c rocyapcrno, a kro ner n r.. n r.n.
Ho xnnxercx nn +ra pankantnax nonnrnueckax npakrnka nocrconerckoro
|ennnsa encrnnrentno nonnrnueckon? Ha on nsrnx, kareropnueckn ner.
Fonee roro rak xe, kak n resnc o neoxonocrn acconocrn xnnxercx nonn-
rnueckn npenon, nockontky, kak n acconocrt, ne neer neoxonon nx nos-
nnknonennx caoro npocrpancrna nonnrnueckoro kak ornonennn no:e+u:ecrux
cvoermueuocme
17
nosoxnocrn kpnrnueckoro ncrannnponannx (neunon npo-
nnn onecrnennocrn), okasrnaxct n pesyntrare n npocrpancrne nenponearn-
snponannoro ennoopasnx n nounnennx n operax npn +ro nosoxnocrn
xorx n nnrencnnnre nanenrnoro npoxnnannx. Bosoxno, nenno orcna n
coornercrnynnax nrnenasnannax |opa nocrconercknx renepnrx nccneona-
nnn kak |opa ensonckoro rpancnenenrantnoro +nnpnsa
18
?
31o cua(koe cuono.
(1o1aun1apnme npe(nocmukn, nun o neko1opmx ocoennoc1nx
(paua1nueckon cyek1nnnsannn)
B ro xe npex noantnon roukon reneanornn pycckoro |ennnsa kak npak-
rnkn nonnrnueckon cyekrnnnsannn n ee kak yxe rno ckasano nennnen-
no, cnyuanno pasnnrnn okasrnaercx, na on nsrnx, nosneconerckoe npex,
re (nocne rorannrapnsa) noxnnxercx o|nnnantnrn nckypc cnoor n re kak
pas n sapoxaercx nepnrn neo|nnnantnrn o|nnnantnrn |ennns (antanax
Mapnx) necro nckypca |ennnsa o |ennnsa (oconerckoro n rora-
nnrapnoro).
Tontko na nepnrn nsrnx kaxercx, uro nonrn nckypc cnoor |ororpa-
|nuecknn nerarnn no ornonennn k crannnckoy. Ha cao ene on npoonxe-
nne uenoneueckon (ynorpen nenno +ro nonxrne orennoro xsrka necro
acrpakrnoro anrpononornuecknn) nonnrnkn crannnnsa, asnponannon na
resnce, uro rawoi, :roo
19
nnunocrt (koroprn neer npano axe ns IVhA-
Ia cnart nospannrentnre orkprrkn Crannny): noroy uro nen nosoxnocrt
noono Fory penart cyty rakxe nnoro pyroro, kaxoro (ne rontko n
pakax rpannnonnon ypxyasnon |penonckon cetn, no n nne ee nanpnep,
coceoa). pyrnn cnonan, nosynrn uenonek +ro snyunr ropo nnn kro rn
nnke, ror craner nce ornnt ne rnn acrpakrnrn nosynran, a peantnon
npakrnkon rorannrapnsa c uenoneueckn nnno, naunnax c koynncrnuec-
kon rorannrapnon neonornn panencrna (pannon no na|ocy panencrna rontko
pannexpncrnanckon neonornn, uey cnennantno yennn kora-ro ocooe nnn-
220 Hpuua epeoruua
anne Cepren Anepnnnen, uro nanno rnonennrn orknnk n ynax koynncrn-
ueckon nnrennnrennnn n sa uro nccneonarent nonyunn open hennnckoro ko-
coona kak sa nyunee neonornueckoe nccneonanne) n sakanunnax sacronnon
neonornen pasnnrnx nnunocrn (c ee nonynxpnr rak nasrnaer exrent-
nocrnr noxoo n rnopuecrne Menepxkona-Hntenkona n p.).
B +ro crcne nonrn nckypc cnoor kak npoonxenne nckypca rora-
nnrapnsa c uenoneueckn nnno xnnxercx esycnonno nckypco +ksncren-
nnannsa, necro acrpakrnrx rerenencknx kareropnn, ro ecrt nornkn nonx-
rnn (koropre, kak nanonnaer Mnrnena Hnkonunna, n Poccnn nnkora ne rnn
acrpakrnrn, a nanpxyn rnn cnxsanr c encrnne: penonnnnonnoro akra),
naxoxnerocx n noncke peantnrx nnen. Ornero na +ry nckypcnnnyn cn-
ryannn rnn npakrnkn, koropre Cnanon +nxek nasrnaer nenpncronnr es-
ycnonnr cao-yrnepxenne
20
n koropre xnnxnrcx npakrnkan cyekrnn-
non peannsannn nnon nenon, kora nent onpanrnaer cpecrna. dakrnueckn
annre npakrnkn crpoxrcx n nne nonoro nneparnna fouissance
21
kak akrnn-
noro nontsonannx nacnaxenne. Bce r snae +rn snakonre kyntrypnre npak-
rnkn cnoor no+rnueckoe rnopuecrno snaennron rponkn (Enrynenko,
Bosnecencknn, Axaynnna); +ksncrennnantnrn knnearorpa| Tapkonckoro,
Konuanonckoro, Mnxankona n okyrannoro nnen|o nonon nepnepcnnnon cekcy-
antnocrn Hapaxanona (nosoxno, noroy, uro ero npnnarnax nepnepcnnnax
cekcyantnocrt ckprnaer cekcyantnocrt kak uncroe nacnaxenne na ncex ypon-
nxx nynnunon xnsnn?); noprperr X+nnry+x n ankoronns kak nrcnax rnop-
ueckax peannsannx (Bennuka Epo|een) n r.. n r.n., n nckypce koropon encrny-
nr ne acrpakrnre cynnocrn, a nonnnnre arenrr, koropre nsanoencrny-
nr
22
exrentnocrt Honoro npa n Canrona; konnekrnnnax nnrepcyek-
rnnnax/nnrepcekcyantnax exrentnocrt Tearpa na Taranke, Conpeennnka n
henkoa; nepnre nccnenrr; rnopuecrno Okyxanr n crannnn nonynxpnr
|enoen pyxr, o|opnennrn kak nakr connapnocrn npornn pexna nna-
crn, nknnuannnn n cex n nrcnyn conerckyn noenknarypy (Fonnn, Aparon,
Baxnasapon n axe Anponon) n r.n. Hapxy c noprpero X+nnry+x necnyuan-
no snakonon n nono nckypce cnoor xnnxercx n |nrypa Caprpa (noonpn-
rentno narocnonnnnero, kak nsnecrno, Hnanono ercrno Tapkonckoro no-
urn kak epxannn Hynknna): caprponckax nanekrnka x n pyroro kak nentsx
onee yecrna n nonrx rpaekropnxx nosneconerckon anrpononornueckon ncrpe-
un/cronknonennx c pyrn kak nnrnnon ncrpeun (orcna |enoenr nnnn n
pyxr ne rontko nnyrpn cetn, no n, nanpnep, k coceov, +kcnoprnpynnnecx
na sana: or herxr xypannn o Mockna cnesa ne nepnr n np.). pyrnn
cnonan, oxno ckasart, necro rorannrapnon crannnckon nornkn we:auu
(k oekry, k pyroy, nanpannennon na nonyuenne Benn) nosnnkaer xpynencko-
pexnenckax +ksncrennnantnax 1) nornka e:e:euu kak napnnccnueckoe nneue-
nne nosnart caoro cex nne crpykrypr nasopnoro pyroro n nne crpykrypr
221 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
oekra kak nonnonennx nyntrapnoro oekrnnncrckoro erepnnnponannoro
conerckoro arepnannsa n 2) coornercrnynnee en mpeooeauue kak rpeonanne
npnsnart cex cyekro, naenennr nakonen npanan, kora nponecc npe-
onaaer na nenan n nponcxonr nonopor or rrnx k cranonnennn.
Tontko na nepnrn nsrnx pexnenckax +noxa sacrox kaxercx +noxon annnrnnx-
nnn nnunocrn, noroy uro net nenno npn pexnencko pexne nnepnre
nernrnnpyercx npanosannrnax npakrnka nnunrx norpenocren, koropre
nnepnre npnsnanrcx onee naxnrn, ue acrpakrnre norpenocrn onecrna
nnunre oexa, knaprnpr, renennsopr n anroonnn, oxora, pranka, nakonen,
pystx n nnont (kak npnsnanne nanen pankantnon sanncnocrn or pyrnx
n repnnax kareropnn noxecrn Xapra Herpn). Hakonen-ro neynn +ksn-
crennnantnr oyco cranonnrcx ne crpax pyroro (Crannna, hennna,
rnpana, rocyapcrna n r.n.), a knpkeroponcknn crpax ceprn (snaennroe rrne
k ceprn Xanerrepa, uyrt nosxe cennnnero pannnn +ksncrennnanncrckyn
|nnoco|ckyn oy 60-x na Caprpa n Kan: nenno Xanerrepy, no cnnerent-
crny Bnkropa Tonopona, nnner ns Canrona nncta ona ns ocnonarentnnn
|ennncrckoro antanaxa Mapnx nerenapnax Tartxna Iopnuena
23
; ornnune
neenkoro +ksncrennnannsa Xanerrepa or |pannysckoro n cocronr n ro, uro
nenno Xanerrep paspaarrnan +ksncrennnantnyn nanekrnky ne cronknone-
nnx, n ro uncne renepnoro, no nnsocrn c pyrn). H encrnnrentno, napnnc-
cnueckoe nneuenne n nenosoxnoe rpeonanne snart nakonen o cee (a ne Haprnn
nnn rocyapcrne), aknenr na ennnunocrn nnnort o ynrapckon nnnecrnnnn n
ennnunocrt
24
n napannentnon nnnecrnnnn n nepeynnpyeyn cyekrnnnocrt
rennen
25
xnnxercx knaccnueckn +ksncrennnanncrckn enanxonnueckn nne-
uenne k ceprn kak eckoneunocrn xenannx, ne orpannuennoro oekro
necro koneunocrn rorannrapnon xnsnn, ne rontko orpannuennon oekro
xenannx, no n ne annen nosoxnocrn caocroxrentno nrpart axe cocrnen-
nyn ceprt. Fonee roro, ynrapckax nnnecrnnnx n cyekrnnnocrt nrsrnaer k
xnsnn |nrypy no+ra/xyoxnnka, nponsnoxnero n nepeenrnannero kyntrypy,
utx oxsarentnax n raknx cnyuaxx npnnynrentnax sarnunnocrt opekaer
ronoc cyekra nnont n nnont nosnnkart c nynx
26
. Orcna ocoax pont |ynknnn
ocmecuca n snaennrre 60-e rakoro rnopueckoro pacnnera, koroprn o cnx nop
xnnxercx neocrnxnr kyntrypnr neano, o cnx nop xnnxx opasen nenos-
oxnoro rpeonannx: n +ror snaenarentnrn nepno ne crontko axe nnrepary-
pa, ckontko nenno no+snx kak nanonee akrnnnoe kpearnnnoe nontsonanne na-
cnaxenne n nponsnocrne nonoro sannaer ecro Peantnoro.
B pesyntrare axe ror nckypc, koroprn no onpeenennn onxen ona-
art nnn axe rrt oyco encrnnx (nccnencrno), opeenen kpearnnnoc-
rtn rnopuecrna, a nenno rpeonannxn nennkon pycckon nnreparypr: re-
poxn nccnenrcknx akron nncta xnnxnrcx ne rontko npo|eccnonantnre
nncarenn Cnnxncknn n ann+nt, no n nce repon nccnenrckoro nckypca, sna-
222 Hpuua epeoruua
kore kaxoy/nnoy conerckoy uenoneky, naxoxneycx n anraronncrnuec-
kon onnosnnnn no ornonennn k nnacrn (axe Fpexnen, kak nsnecrno, cunran,
uro necnx Brconkoro Oxora na nonkon nanncana o ne n ero crpaannxx, npn-
unnxerx ey cynecrnynnn pexno) Anpen Caxapon, renepan Ipnro-
penko, hapnca Foropas, ne ycnennnn nonyunrt npakrnueckn nnkakoro opasona-
nnx, kpoe rnpenoro, necrnaern n rparnuecknn Anaronnn Mapuenko, ne
ronopx yxe o nenpekpanannecx no ananornn co snaennrr anroarnuec-
kn penonnnnonno noanuecko nncte Xponnkn rekynnx corrnn.
Onako nonr +crernueckn kpearnnnr noprno rn ynneuen ne rontko nc-
cnenrcknn nckypc, no n pyron nosneconercknn nckypc, rakxe no onpee-
nennn oxsannrn rrt nckypco encrnnx cocrnenno nonnrnuecknn nc-
kypc, rpnnnantno nonnaern n anno cnyuae kak nckypc nnacren npeepxa-
nnx: nncarene rn, kak nsnecrno, n ca Fpexnen c ero snaennrrn poana-
n, a rakxe ero nnxannne noonnnkn, no nx cocrnennr npnsnannx
27
e-
sycnonno n no+roy rpenerno nocnpnnnannne cnoe rnopuecrno snaennrre
oknar k cesa Haprnn, n koroprx onn reponueckn nrrannct ncrannxrt nor-
kn cnoor n nckypca eokparnn, kak :umepamvpv. Mnorne ns nnx npn +ro
rnn nncarenxn n no+ran rakxe n n ro yknantno crcne, uro n Fpexnen:
Baxnasapon nncan crnxn n ntecr (ony ns ntec oenan nocrannrt y cex n
rearpe hnnon), Anponon crnxn, Fonnn rn npocro npo|eccnonantnr
xypnanncro.
He cnyuanno n nosneconercko kyntrypno nckypce nneuennx nosnart
caoro cex n crart cyekro npeonaano nenosoxnoe rpeonanne noomuru
kak cosannx antrepnarnnnon, pyron no+rnkn, a pont rex, kro nonnonan n cno-
e akaenuecko rnopuecrne +ro nenosoxnoe rpeonanne (Faxrnn, horan n
ockoncko-raprycckax nkona, Anepnnnen, Iacnapon n p.), rna, nosoxno, o-
nee kyntronon (or Pnxrepa o Anepnnnena), ue axe kyntronax pont rex, kro
npakrnkonan no+snn kak npakrnky n re nerenapnre npeena. Kaxercx cnnroa-
rnunr, uro, orneuax onn rpeonannx +crecnca, n nosneconercko kyntryp-
no nckypce nanonee akryantnon okasanact saaua cosannx nenno pyron
no+rnkn, a ne, nanpnep, n coornercrnnn c knaccnueckon |nnoco|ckon rpannn-
en pyron nornkn nnn pyron +rnkn. B pesyntrare ca nayunrn nckypc n +ro
npex rakxe opeenen nnreparypon nnn no+rnkon: rnopuecrno Maapannnnn
nnn nrnenasnannrx Anepnnnena, Iacnapona, horana; n nenno +ra rpannnx
nayunoro nosneconerckoro nckypca rna npoonxena n n nocrconercko na-
yuno nckypce (a nonce ne nosnnkna nnont n repnnax sanncnocrn or sana-
nrx nocroepnncrcknx reopnn, kak +ro nouey-ro npnnxro oxcnxrt).
B ro xe npex opeenennocrt no+snen, no+rnkon n nnreparypon crannna
re nosneconerckne nckypcr, koropre no onpeenennn onxnr rnn sann-
artcx encrnne nccnenrcknn n npokparnuecknn n cnryannn nepaspe-
nnon anrnnonn exy npo|eccnonantnon paoron sa npana yrnerennrx n
223 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
nrcokon kyntrypon (nncta, nnreparypr), uro n pesyntrare npenxrcrnonano nx
cnoconocrn k encrnnn. Cocrnenno, ns +ron asonon necnoconocrn cyek-
ra encrnonart, ns ero orcyrcrnynnero yuacrnx n peantno nponcrekaer rnop-
ueckax kpearnnnocrt nncta, kora nenno annax necnoconocrt nepenonrcx
n akr nncta. Bosoxno, ns +ron necnoconocrn k encrnnn nrrekanr neyaun
nccnenrckoro conpornnnennx kak encrnnx: net conercknn crpon pyxnyn nx
conercknx nccnenron rak xe neoxnanno, kak n nx nnacren npeepxannx
es ncxkoro yuacrnx n +ro co croponr rex n pyrnx? danras nosneconercko-
ro nayunoro nckypca o exrentnocrn n exrentnocrno noxoe rakxe
ykasrnaer na ero pankantnyn necnoconocrt k encrnnn n ornnune or o-
cyxaeoro n crarte Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon nennnckoro nckypca kak enfant
terrible poccnnckon cecn naykn n penonnnnn, ro ecrt naykn n encrnnx. B pe-
syntrare pexnencknn nckypc nneuennx nosnart caoro cex n rpeonannx crart
cyekro n ornnune or crannnckoro nckypca rorannrapnoro xenannx k oek-
ry ns-sa orcyrcrnnx |ynknnn encrnnx |opnpyer cao rpeonanne kak norn-
ueckyn crpykrypy n nne nenosoxnoro rpeonannx ncnonn nenosox-
nre rpeonannx n +ror nepno nnacrn k nnrennnrennnn n naoopor. Ho n rako
cnyuae nenno +ro npex nnnoro esencrnnx, nonyunnnero nosxe coorner-
crnynnyn yknanncrckyn apknponky pexnenckoro sacrox, no cyrn xnnxer-
cx, n repnnax +nxeka, npeene caon uncron nonnrnsannn kak 1) nonnrn-
ueckon crparernn nenosoxnrx rpeonannn (koropre no ananornn c rpeo-
nanne Anrnronr nnkora ne oryr rrt peannsonanr: kak rpeonannx npo-
nerapnara kora-ro nnn nonrx enrx cenuac) n 2) nponearnsannn oyca
encrnnx (noroy uro nnrencnnnre n kpearnnnre nonckn cyekro cex na
ncex yponnxx nosneconerckon connantno-nonnrnueckon xnsnn ne nosnonxnn
nepenecrn +ror nrcoknn nonck na yponent anantnon npararnueckon npo-
kparnsannn axe can npecrannrenx +ron caon npararnueckon npokpa-
rnn). Anpen Konuanoncknn n +ro konrekcre n cnoen nocnenen knnre Hnskne
ncrnnr. Cet ner cnycrx ouent ocayer, uro conerckax nepecrponka nauanact
n nne nenpannntnoro encrnnx (ne re nnn nx ocynecrnnxnn n, cneonarent-
no, ne re encrnnx rnn conepnenr): ecnn r ene saennrtcx, nooxart n
knnxnen nonnrnueckon rouke es-encrnnx, ro nosoxnoe yynee encrnne
neno r nanc crart npannntnr (n Konuanoncknn cran r ero coyuacrnn-
ko).
B +ron onen rouke uncron nonnrnsannn, n koropyn na kaxynnxcx ce-
ronx nancera yrepxnnrn pannrx npnnnnnax npnoro cocynecrnonannx o-
nynenr nce nosneconerckne nckypcr kak n onyn noantnyn rouky (n pox-
ennrn nckypco npokparnueckoro conerckoro rocyapcrnennoro annapara
nporecrnrn conercknn pok, n nporecrnax n nne xoxouynero Apneknno Hyra-
uenon nnn noprnnon exrentnocrn BHA conerckax nonca, n orkasrnannne-
cx or npenn paoune (Hpenx A. Ientana), n or ka|epr yuenre (Ka-
224 Hpuua epeoruua
|epa H. Ipekonon), n or |antnnnon xnsnn kocoontnr (H +ro nce o ne
B. hnnarona n r. n r.n.) nnonne ecrecrnennr opaso (a ne npn noonn sana-
nrx |onon!) n sapoxaercx n 1979 roy neo|nnnantnrn o|nnnantnrn nosne-
conercknn |ennns: rpynna antanaxa Mapnx Tartxna Iopnuena, Tartxna
Maonona, Harannx Manaxonckax. Houepkne ene pas, uro ocoennocrtn o-
enra poxennx (onxnoro orpasnrtcx na ncex poxennrx n ne nckypcax)
rno onee cocroxnne kpearnnnocrn, nrsnannoe n ro uncne n ocor rnno
rereporennocrn |opnpynnnxcx npakrnk cmauoe:euu cvoermo+ ononpe-
ennocrtn neconecrnrx rpeonannn n 1) kannrannsa (net kannranncrn-
ueckon oepnnsannn onecrna c ee pannonantnr nnnnnyannso rpeo-
nann ne rontko eccosnarentno npononeynnne kannranncrnuecknn opas xns-
nn Bacnnnn Akcenon nnn Bnkrop Epo|een, no n nannonantno cosnarentnre
nccnenrr), n 2) +rnkn (kak ornonennn +ksncrennnantnon nnrepcyekrnnno-
crn/nnrepcekcyantnocrn, nnsocrn, pyxr n nnnn; orcna rakxe nckypcnn-
nax nosoxnocrt nosnnknonennx n +ro npex ne rontko nonon, yrnepxannen
no cpannennn co crannnckon npnopnrer nnrnnrx uyncrn noncr (nnnn, pyx-
r, pennocrn n r.n.), no n nckypca |ennnsa, rakxe yrnepxannero pan-
kantnyn sanncnocrt cyekra or noxecrn). 3ror nropon acnekr npenonara-
er ocorn rnn nnno ne crontko oua:ermu:ecroe pasnnune (n koropo nporn-
nononoxnocrn pasentnr), ckontko +uuu+a:iuoe pasnnune, nanpannennoe na
cnnxnne, +pornueckoe nsanopacrnopenne es ocrarka. He cnyuanno n nocrco-
nerckon kyntrype rak oen rn kyntr nocroka (kak cocroxnnx nnpnanr n np.);
kpoe roro, nce yxckne repon +roro rnna nckypca orkponenno rnn ann-
kan n crponnn cetn no rnny nponckynrera, a ne noparnnnon ypxyasnon
cetn, uro cunranoct npakrnkan cnoor n onnannn nakonen npnnarnoro n
npornnononoxnocrt rocyapcrny (c. nennnkn 3onoryxnna, eyapr Konua-
nonckoro n r.n.). To ecrt cnnxnne
28
, a ne orenenne no cpannennn c rpannnon-
nr sananr kak nonoe onpeenenne (n cocroxnne) cnoor xapakrepnsyer
+rn rnnr nckypcon, uro c neoxonocrtn nosnonxer saponrtcx nckypca
nonoro (n nx uncne n |ennnsy).
H sect x nosnonn cee nnont nepnyrtcx k ron napaokcantnon nanekrnke
nnepx-nnns (koropyn enaer nenrpantnon n cnoen crarte Mnrnena Hnkonunna),
koropax npoxnnxer cex n n +ron nonon no cpannennn c nennnckon penonnnnon-
non cnryannn. Hoeuennax Mnrnenon ocoennocrt nanekrnkn pasnnrnx no
nocxoxnen n conerckon kyntrype npnnnart nn cnepxy nnns akryannsyercx n
n nono |enoene on|nkannn nnacrn or npxon k nasopnon no cpannennn c
rorannrapnso: nonax nnacrt ne ocynecrnnxer ontne npxoe rorannrapnoe
nacnnne nnnsy, a encrnyer cnepxy, |opnpyx cnepxy nnns +ksncrennn-
antnre uyncrna conecrn n nnnr uepes ocore penpesenrarnnnre |nrypr, neo-
xonre nx ocynecrnnennx +ron nonon nonnrnueckon crparernn nanpnep,
|nrypy Conxennnrna kak onoro ns ocnonnrx npo|eccnonanon anennxnnn na-
225 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
konen-ro k +ksncrennnantnr uyncrna (conecrn n nnnr), koropre, kak r sna-
e, orcyrcrnonann n esxanocrno crannncko rorannrapnse. Onako, na on
nsrnx, n +ror ncropnuecknn nepno n pakax rpaekropnn nnepx-nnns npno co-
cynecrnynr na ocnonnrx noroka connantnon n kyntrypnon akryannsannn uyn-
crna nnnr kak ocnonnoro +ksncrennnantnoro uyncrna. Onn, npecrannennrn n
nepnyn ouepet |nrypon nn pasy ne ycrynnnnero nnacrn yxe ynonnannerocx
Conxennnrna, necrnaeo n eccrpanno npakrnkynnero ensoncknn pan-
kantnrn nepenoc nnnr na pyroro ro ecrt na conerckyn nnacrt, ro ecrt nnepx
(n repnnax Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon). Bropon |yknanckax nnrepnopnsannx,
nepenoc nnnr nnns, ro ecrt ne na nnacrt, a na cao napoonacenenne nnn
conercknn napo, npnsrnannnn ero art |yknancknn oruer o cee, nonxrt cnon
onnkn, npnsnart k conecrn (nanpnep, rnopuecrno ene onoro kyntronoro ex-
renx +ron nerenapnon +noxn Anpex Fnrona c ero xpecroarnnnr Hynknnc-
kn oo, nocnxnennr nenno crparernn akryannsannn nnnr y napoona-
cenennx). Pesyntraro ononpeennoro encrnnx nyx norokon akryannsannn
nnnr xnnxercx +ksncrennnantnoe koneanne n snaennroe nakanonckoe pacnen-
nenne cyekra nnyrpn +ron cnoxnon rpaekropnn nnepx-nnns ononpeenno, uro
rakxe cnnxaer norennnan encrnnx, no nonrnaer norennnan rnopuecrna, upe-
narrn cosanne nonoro (ns nnuero).
B pesyntrare crpykrypa nosneconerckoro +ksncrennnantnoro cyekra
|opnpyercx kak paarnueckax nenosoxnocrt nrpart exy nyx noro-
kan akryannsannn nnnr o|opnxercx kak nenosoxnocrt nrpart e vc:oeux
uepaspeuu+o aumuuo+uu (n cnxsannax c +rn necnoconocrt encrnonart).
pyrnn cnonan, nrop cyekra n +rnx ycnonnxx nnkora ne yer cnoo-
nr nropo, nockontky n ycnonnxx nepaspennon anrnnonn ey ocrannenr
rontko ne nornueckne nosoxnocrn nyx crparernn noneennx: nnn nserart
+roro nropa (nrop Co|nn), nnn, n repnnax Fatn, rrt nepnr cnoey
paarnueckoy pacnennennn. Onako n nepno cnyuae nnon orkas or nro-
pa nensexno yer |ynknnonnponart kak perpoakrnnnoe onynenne nnnr; nro-
pax crparernx upenara paarnueckn caoynncrnennr xeprnonpnnonenn-
e kak enncrnennon nosoxnocrtn npepnart cnryannn nacnnnx nepaspenn-
on anrnnonn, nanpannn nacnnne na cex kak enncrnennrn akr cnoonoro
nropa n kak nakonen encrnne n cnryannn necnoconocrn k encrnnn. Ha +ron
paarnueckon nornke n nosnnkaer neo|nnnantnrn o|nnnantnrn |ennns.
Cocrnenno, +ror caoynncrnennrn xecr nonnrnueckon +ancnnannn kak +k-
crpanaranrnon caoecrpyknnn cranonnrcx ne rontko ocnonnr nccnenrc-
kn xecro (ncnonn ornaxnyn rpynny nrnennx na nnonat ecnoon-
nrx nepe annaparo conerckoro nacnnnx oruaxnnnxcx nnen c nosynro sa
nany n nany cnooy! kak nepnrn nynnunrn xecr nonnrnueckoro conpornn-
nennx, kora c noontn cocrnennoro xeprnonpnnonennx npn +ro kopx-
nax art Harantx Iopanenckax nsxna c coon na nnonat konxcky c rpynr
226 Hpuua epeoruua
peenko, ycnnnn koncrpyknnn xeprnonpnnonennx o nonnoro paspenanact
ne rontko nponea encrnnx n ycnonnxx nepaspennon anrnnonn, no n npo-
nea acconon nonnrnueckon onnnsannn okpyxannnx), no n no ananornn
xecro nonnrnueckon +ancnnannn nepnon o|nnnantnon |ennncrckon rpyn-
nr antanaxa Mapnx, kora pyrantnax nonnrnueckax penpeccnx, sakonunn-
naxcx nrcrnkon ncen rpynnr ns CCCP, nocnyxnna nenx antnennen onnn-
sannn nckypca |ennnsa yxe n konne 80-x (Anekcanp Hnanonnu Cnopon.
nnepnre nonean na o nonontno nsannn |ennncrckoro antanaxa 'Ma-
pnx, o cyte ero yuacrnnn.
29
, nnner Harannx Kaenenkax). Bcx exrent-
nocrt arepn pycckon penonnnnn hapncr Foropas (ne nasrnannen cex |e-
nnncrkon) nponnsana +rn xe na|oco
30
.
Pesyntraro annrx oruaxnnrx n +kcrpanaranrnrx pankantnrx ocnoo-
nrentnrx |ennncrcknx crparernn rn, c onon croponr, nakr neneennx,
cocroxnnn n orkase ne rontko onycrnrt nnny, no n axe snart, uro nnna rna
(nockontky oyc nnnr npenxrcrnyer crpykrype encrnnx no onnnsannn no-
nnrnueckon akrnnnocrn acc uepes exanns connapnocrn), a c pyron
nonrnenne ponn anraronnsa kak pankantnoro nornueckoro ornonennx nec-
ro nnepantnoro npenpanennx anraronnsa n pasnnune (npnoe cocynecrno-
nanne) no ornonennn k oruyxennr npakrnka rocyapcrna. He +ror nn npo-
rpanrn +rnnuecknn pyccknn nckypcnnnrn anraronns kak nornka cnnxe-
nnx nosxe oecneunn n exanns antnennero npenpanennx/onynennx nrco-
knx (n npnrx) conercknx connantnrx pasnnunn n nnsknn (nenpnrn, es-
xanocrnrn n ecnonanrn) nocrconercknn knacconrn anraronns?
Hapaokco nonrx paarnuecknx npakrnk nonnrnueckon cyekrnnnsa-
nnn kak rnopuecknx ynnkantnrx npakrnk cnoor, nanpannennrx npornn pe-
xna craporo conerckoro rocyapcrna (n ro uncne |ennncrcknx), n nosneco-
nercknn nepno okasrnaercx napaokc, koroprn Cnanon +nxek |nkcnpyer na
npnepe napaokca nccnenrcknx nnxennn n Bocrounon Enpone: pankant-
nrn anraronns conpornnnennx okasrnaercx opton ne npomue pexna, a sa
pexn: c uenoneueckn nnno. Orcna ornnt ne cnyuanno, uro cneynnax
nonna |ennnsa n rnne CCCP, crnynnponannax rocsakaso Connna CCCP,
nsernyn nakonen (nosoxno, ns-sa +ron cnryannn sakasa?) cnryannn paa-
rnueckon +ksncrennnantnon nepaspennon anrnnonn naunnaer cocrnennoe
|ynknnonnponanne kak, no-nepnrx, pankantno-|ennncrckoe anraronncrnuec-
koe nakonen-ro encrnne, nanpannennoe, kak yxe rno ckasano, ne rontko na
nsenenne nonoxennx xennnn n nono nckpnnnannonno (knaccono, onn-
rapxnuecko, koppynnnonno n r.n.) connantno-nonnrnuecko pexne, no n
nsenenne caoro +roro pexna (renepnoro nopxka), n, no-nroprx, kak en-
crnne, nanpannennoe na corpynnuecrno c rocyapcrno
31
.
227 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
Tesnc o +c1ecnce
paarnuecknn napaokc +roro rereporennoro n anraronncrnueckoro |e-
nnncrckoro encrnnx, poxennoro no rpannnn sanono, penonnnnonno-pan-
kantno n nocrconercknx ycnonnxx nnont n nnont poxennoro penonnnnen
saknnuaercx n ro, uro, o|opnennoe kak (nonropn era|opy Panctepa) kpn-
rnka onn oncrpa, ono re ne enee n noncke nonrx |op ynnnepcantnon
connapnocrn rno naccnonapno cnxsano c xenanne operennx n nonrx nn-
crnrynnn kak xenanne arepnnckoro. B pesyntrare |opon +roro nncrnry-
nnonantnoro xenannx onroe npex xnnxnact |opa corpynnuecrna (c rocy-
apcrno, c nonnrnuecknn naprnxn, c nokantnrn opranan nnacrn n r.n.),
koropax rontko n conpeenno |ennncrcko nckypce nynenrx no cpanne-
nnn c 90-n nonepraercx conennn, nrnnnaxct n pasnnunre |opr ckasannn
o reopernueckon nnn nonnrnueckon nponearnunocrn cocrnennon exrentno-
crn n akryannsannn noncka uuoeo nonnrnueckoro encrnnx (c. arepnanr Kpyr-
noro crona n +ro xe noepe xypnana). Car paarnueckn n +ron cnryannn
xnnxercx re ne enee, na on nsrnx, ne cocrnennax |ennncrckax accnpo-
nannax nckypcnnnax n +ksncrennnantnax paarnsannx, a ror |akr, uro n pe-
syntrare encrnnn corpynnuecrna, osaouennrx |parenrapnr n uacrnu-
nr ncnontsonanne nx rocyapcrno n noxenanne rocyapcrny npuumi u
ucno:isoeami IH e:uro+
32
, sa 17 ner |ennncrcknn/renepnrn nckypc n
rnne CCCP cnencx n ocnonno k ecnoonnon |nkcannn, kak yxe rno cka-
sano nrne, pasnnunrx yxacnrx |akron nckpnnnannn, ro ecrt k crona n
kpnka, nrpaxannn crpaanne, ro ecrt okasancx nepenpesenrarnnnr, or-
kasan re car rameeopuu xennnn, koropon on onepnpyer, n nosoxnocrn
rrt nonnrnuecknn cyekran (uepes akryannsannn anraronncrnueckon no-
rnkn xeprnr |akrnueckn nosnpanax npnnanexnocrt +ron kareropnn k oan-
ney npocrpancrny kak npocrpancrny npnnarnoro nepenpesenrarnnnoro crpa-
annx).
C pyron croponr, cnnro nponearnsannn cocrnennrx encrnnn
33
xnnxercx esycnonno kpearnnnr n eccosnarentno ykasrnaer na nonnanne
roro akryantnoro nx conpeennon nonnrnueckon reopnn resnca, uro nporecr
kak ynnnepcantnocrt optr sa ocnooxenne nknnuen n nornky +knnnanenr-
nocrn: reppopns n norpenenne, nporecrr n spennne nokasanr kak uacrt o-
noro n roro xe nponecca, koropr ynpannxer sakon ronapa, ro ecrt sarou oreuea-
:eumuocmu, no cnona Panctepa.
Kak nrnrn ns +ron paarnueckon anraronncrnueckon penonnnnonnon
nornkn nnn/nnn nocrconerckoro |ennnsa ecnn ne nonropxrt caoecrpyk-
rnnnoe penonnnnonnoe encrnne nosneconerckoro |ennnsa n crart nce xe
nonnrnuecknn cyekran? B kauecrne nponokarnnnoro c nentn nanrn nos-
228 Hpuua epeoruua
oxnoe onocpeonanne n paarnueckon nornke nnn/nnn kora-ro non rn
nrnnnyr resnc o nocroepnncrcko |ennnse n nocrconercknx ycnonnxx.
Onako nosoxnre ornerr, ouennno, nao nckart n pakax onero reopern-
ueckoro noncka conpeennrx nonnrnuecknx reopnn, nx koroprx nenno kpn-
rnka rpannnonnon nornkn encrnnx n nonckn nonrx |op nonnrnueckon cyek-
rnnnsannn xnnxnrcx ceronx nanonee akryantnrn.
B +ro konrekcre n kauecrne nosoxnoro napnanra x npenaran oparnrt-
cx k ny npornnononoxnr nonnrnueckn npoekra npoekry +crecnca +aka
Panctepa n npoekry nenacnntcrnennon +rnkn xynr Farnep kak nonnrnkn
ncko|opra n npakrnkn oruera o cee.
B nonon nonnrnueckon cnryannn, kora, no cnona Farnep, penaercx, utn
xnsnn oryr rrt apknponanr kak xnsnn n utn ceprn yyr cunrartcx cep-
rxn, n kora nnax nannonantnax enanxonnx, nonxrax kak ckopt, nens-
exno nrsrnaer arpeccnn (nnesakonnre onepannn nnacrn, enncrnennr ne-
rantnr npannno koroprx cranonxrcx nnnrapncrckne kor
34
), Farnep nnont
opanaercx k dyko n ocnonno renept k nosnn paora. Kora dyko n ka-
ko-ro nnrepntn, no ee cnona, aer oruer o cee, on ronopnr, uro ue suaem
npnunn roro, nouey on n onoocrn unran, nanpnep, Hnnne. Bepnee, on aer
neoxnanno npocron, no nennn Farnep, orner noroy, uro ero unrann opveue
(n uacrnocrn, Faran n Fnanno). To ecrt n akre oranannx oruera o cee nosnnn,
npnsnannrn n nsnecrnrn dyko ne nenrn|nnnpyer cex kak ocnonononaran-
nero (caoocrarounoro n cynepennoro) cyekra, no kak cyekra c ncropn-
en, cnxsannon c pyrnn
35
. Ho+roy n npornnononoxnocrt pyrn nnrep-
nperaropa dyko Farnep naxonr, uro nosnne |yknanckne npakrnkn saorr o
cee ncera uevooe:emeopume:iuie ycnnnx nosnparnrtcx k cee ns cnrya-
nnn rrnx uyxr caoy cee: net x ncera cranonnnct ene onee ne-
onaannn n nnon penpesenrannn, n rontko n +ro ne-onaannn, cnne-
rentcrnynne, uro nn ono x ne npnnanexnr cee
36
, n nosnnkaer +rnuec-
koe nsepenne kak rakonoe.
B pesyntrare n nono nonnrnuecko konrekcre Farnep ocrarouno neoxn-
anno pasnnnaer cnon pannnn konnennnn enanxonnnnoro renepa kak kon-
nennnn nnrepcyekrnnnocrn uepes ncnxoanannrnueckoe nonxrne norepn
kak norepn cex uepes npnsnanne xenannx k pyroy, ocynecrnnxx re ca-
r nocrrerenenckyn pennsnn cnenr xenannx n npnsnannx kak +rnueckoro
npoekra. 3rnuecknn npoekr nocrrerenenckoro npnsnannx kak norepn ca+o-
cesuocmu u ca+ouoeumu:uocmu osnauaer, uro pyron ne onxen rrt npeoo-
nen pan x (konnenr xpynkax xnsnt). Frrt cnxsannr c re, uro ne ecrt x,
n osnauaer, no Farnep, uro +rnka onxna crart ne npocro pnropnkon, no conn-
antnon kpnrnkon n reopnen ornercrnennocrn nonpoco o ro, kakon nenon
c|opnponano nane x (Oranax oruer o cee, 2005).
229 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
Tak xe, kak n Farnep, n nonon nonnrnueckon cnryannn nonrx nonnrnk co-
npornnnennx +ak Panctep kpnrnkyer pnropnuecknn, n repnnax nornkn opant-
noro ontnnncrna +rnuecknn nonopor n conpeennon |nnoco|nn n |nnoco|-
ckon anrpononornn kak nepasnnunocrt |akra n sakona ro ecrt acrpakr-
noe yronnueckoe +rnueckoe nenosoxnoe rpeonanne, npnnoxnee, nanpnep,
nocrconercknn |ennns ononpeenno k 1) anraronnsy n 2) corpynnue-
crny. Ho+roy necro rpannnonnrx nornk conpornnnennx, koropre, kak yxe
rno ckasano nrne, xnnxnrcx nonon paaryprnen eckoneunoro sna, ecko-
neunoro npanocynx n eckoneunoro nosenennx n oecneunnanr, no ero ne-
nnn, nonrn onnk nacnnnx, npnsnannoro n ryanncrnueckon |ope nnknnn-
ponart nce ro, uro ne orneuaer yronnueckon kareropnn onxnoro, Panctep npe-
naraer npakrnkn nonon nonnrnueckon cyekrnnnsannn, koropre on nasrnaer
nonnrnueckn ocmecuco+ neoxonocrt onapyxennx onen neroxe-
crnennocrn onyrnoro caoy cee. B +ro konrekcre on nnonr cnennantnoe
nonxrne nonrx nonnrnuecknx cyekron nonenuecknx cyekron nnn no-
nenuecknx nenrnunocren, ocoennocrt koroprx, no ero nennn, cocro-
nr n ro, uro nrckasrnannnncx cyekr (nanpnep, r) orenen or cyek-
ra nrckasrnannx (nanpnep, napo, paoune, xennnnr n r.n.). B pesynt-
rare cyekrnnnsannx n ero nonnannn +ro ornonenne ncconnnponannon
nenrnunocrn exy 1) nrckasrnannncx cyekro n 2) cyekro oosna-
uennr; no rontko rakon cyekr, no nennn Panctepa, oxer rrt nonr no-
nnrnueckn cyekro, asnponanno ne na rpannnonno nonxrnn nnepant-
noro nonnrnueckoro koncencyca, a na nono nonxrnn nonnrnueckoro nccen-
cyca. B +ro konrekcre Panctep opanaer nnnanne na ror nonnrnuecknn |akr
npakrnk conpornnnennx, uro ncera, kora ronopxr r napo (nnn n nane
cnyuae r xennnnr), n +ro nnkro ne nepnr, kak ne nepxr n can nrckasrna-
nnnecx, no rakon ceronx enncrnennrn cnoco ckasart npannrentcrny, uro
xennnnr (nnn napo) +ro ue mo, ue nr ynpannxere.
Ho nennn Panctepa, nonnrnueckax cyekrnnnsannx nacrynaer rora,
kora nponcxonr peoprannsannx caon onacrn annoro, onynaeoro, yxon-
noro n, snaunr, nosoxnoro, a necro konconnannn nonnrnueckax cyek-
rnnnocrt o|opnxercx kak nccencyc. B pesyntrare Panctep nepeonpeenxer:
1) nonxrne connantnrx nnxennn (naroapx koropr, no ero cnona, na ropn-
sonre conpeennon nonnrnkn nnont noxnnxercx onpeenxnnnn nx nonnrnkn
oenr panencrna) kak rpynn ocoon uyncrnnrentnocrn, n koroprx encrny-
nr a) nnnnnr n ) rpynnr, ysnannne pyr n pyre cnonx, no ne |opnpyn-
nne cnny, koropax oonana r necnpanennnocrt; 2) cyekra kak nekoncrn-
rynpyeoro (nanpnep, nnrpanra n r.n.) ne kak roro, kro neer ornonenne
k necnpanennnocrn, no kak nonenueckyn nenrnunocrt, asnpynnyncx na
nccencyce, ro ecrt pasprne n orcyrcrnnn oonennx.
230 Hpuua epeoruua
Pesyntraro npnenennx pancteponcknx npnnnnnon nonnrnueckoro +cre-
cnca oxer crart, nanpnep, rakon nonnrnuecknn |enoen, kora knacconax
opta (kak kon|nnkr, necornacne, nccencyc nonenuecknx nenrnunocren)
okaxercx ne npocro, kak +ro yxe rno n ncropnn, anraronncrnueckon nenpn-
kprron, ne cnnonnsnpyeon nenanncrtn k pyroy (noroy uro n rako cny-
uae necro nckypca nonnrnkn nosnnkaer anonnrnueckax uncro anrpononorn-
ueckax nenrnunocrt: nnrpanr, uepnokoxnn, apa, xnno pyron), no |op-
on nonnrnueckon cyekrnnannn, kora nonenueckax cyekrnnnocrt uepes
+ror kon|nnkr oxer ynopxounnart |opr conecrnoro cynecrnonannx n o-
necrne nenrnunocrn n nnakonocrn.
Ho+roy saaua nonrx nonnrnk conpornnnennx n pakax kareropnn +cre-
cnca no Panctepy nnonne cornacyercx c nonrn nonnrnuecknn crparernxn
x. Farnep nrnrn ns pnropnueckon nacnntcrnennon rpannnonnon +rnuec-
kon kon|nrypannn, nepnyrt rnnennn ue:ucmomv, oevc+ic:euuocmi, ueua-
oewuie u cnopuie paspiei, nnn, ronopx cnonan Panctepa, nsannrtcx n co-
npeennon |nnoco|nn n nonnrnueckon reopnn or ncxkon rcnn/nnapnsa o
ncxonon rpane n rpxyne cnacennn. Orcna nonnrnuecknn nocrynar o ne-
oxonocrn nnpryosnocren pasnnunoro poa: cnoconocren enxrt ecra n
nenrnunocrn (uror nponrtcx cknost pacnpeenenne ecr), neperpynnnpo-
nok c nentn nponsnecrn nonyn kon|nrypannn spnoro, yxonnoro n nosoxno-
ro, ocynecrnnxx nonnrnueckne nosoxnocrn :rooeo/rawooeo.
B +ro nono reopernuecko konrekcre, nosoxno, onn ns napaokcant-
nrx resncon, koroprn oxno rno r rontko npenoxnrt n annanenrnon
nonnrnueckon cnryannn nocrconerckoro rorannrapnoro |ennnsa, or r crart
resnc o neoxonocrn |ennncrckoro +iu:euu n cnryannn no:umu:ecroeo
sanpema ua +iu:euue n rnne CCCP ro ecrt neoxonocrn npakrnk or-
uera cyekra o caon/ cee n ycnonnxx, kora konnenr xpynkon xnsnn cra-
nonnrcx ocnonnr konnenro conpeennon nonnrnkn?
1
C. Hoopora Banepnn. Ho:umura u qu:ocoqu. Hoeie eisoei, http://
2nd.moscowbienale.ru/ru/podorogadoklad.
2
C. crartn Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon Oonnnx n rereporonnx: cekcyantnoe pasnn-
une n cnyuan Aufhebung n +ro noepe xypnana.
3
C. ra xe.
4
Fapapa 3nrent, Pnuap Cranrc, Fapapa X+n n p.
5
C. crartn Mnrnenr Hnkonunnon Oonnnx n rereporonnx: cekcyantnoe pasnn-
une n cnyuan Aufhebung.
231 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
6
C. pasen O nonnrnueckon nocrpeonannocrn IH n Poccnn n crarte Enenr Kou-
knnon Cncrearnsnponannre napockn 'Ienepnre nccneonannx n Poccnn: or
|parenron k kpnrnueckoy nepeocrcnennn nonnrnuecknx crparernn n +ro
noepe xypnana.
7
C. pasenr Honnrnueckne rakrnkn +Hn n Poccnn: ocrnxennx n Kocnennoe
nnnxnne +Hn n IH n Poccnn ra xe.
8
Xorx norne xenckne anropr nnn rpynnr ceronx npeenynr na ncropnueckoe a-
repnncrno, nrxcnxx, kro xnnxercx aynkon, a kro areptn pycckoro |ennns-
a, c. cneynnee cnnerentcrno Hoxnnenne renepnrx nccneonannn n nepax
PAH CCCP n 1989 r. rno cnxsano c eocsaraso+ Coe+uua CCCP, nonoxnnnn naua-
no uucmumvuoua:iuo exrentnocrn naoparopnn HIH n HC3HH PAH n 1990 r.
(npekrop Hncrnryra npo|. Pnanenckax H.M., pykononrent naoparopnn k.+.n.
Hocackax A.H.) n crarte Enenr Kouknnon n +ro noepe xypnana.
9
C. n +epeknna Hpnna. Ieuoepuie 90-ie, u:u qa::oca ue cvecmevem (CH.: Ane-
renx, 2003), c. 5.
10
C. ne pas nonropxern resnc C. Vnaknna o ro, uro IenHc n Poccnn +ro npexe
ncero nepenonon npoekr n 'Doing Gender na pyccko none: kpyrnrn cron n
xypnane Ienepnre nccneonannx, X 13, 2005, c. 201. Hnn axe ene onee rpyo
Kauecrno nepenoon +ro rea orentnon nckyccnn. hnnennre cocrnennon xsr-
konon cper, no-pycckn +rn rekcrr 'ne snyuar, rounee, snyuar nnoxo. Aro n one-
ro nonxrno nn repnnonornx, nn apryenrr ene ne nrronopenr, ne sakpennenr n
peun n npoonxanr ocranartcx noka 'koncrpykran, cnoeopasnr 'hero nx
nspocnrx. Ta xe, c. 197.
11
A ornnt ne sananrn nnrepnennnpynnnn oknnk, rpnnnantno rpakryern n pa-
kax ycrapennnx nonnrnuecknx konnennnn saronopa. Ckprnart sanpoc nokantnon
nnacrn na nponsnocrno nonoro nonnrnueckoro cyekra xnnxercx ne npocro norn-
ueckon nepexnocrtn, no n nonnrnueckn onacnr encrnne.
12
Hnkonunna Mnrnena. 3ua:euue u +amepevoucmeo. Tpaouu +amepe e ceeme R:uu
Kpucmeeo (Mockna: Hex npecc, 2003).
13
C. paorr: Panctep +ak. Ha rpar no:umu:ecroeo (M.: Hpakcnc, 2006).; Panctep
+ak. Jcmemu:ecroe oeccosuame:iuoe (CH., M.: Machina, 2004).; Panctep +ak.
3rnuecknn nonopor n +crernke n nonnrnke, Kpumu:ecra +acca, X 2, 2005, c. 61-
72.; Panctep +ak. eokparnx kak nonnrnueckax |opa, Ho:umura. vu:ocoqu.
Hcrvccmeo (M.: Ecce homo, 2003), c. 125-129.; Ranciere, Jacques. The Politics of
Aesthetics. The Destribution of the Sensible (L. & N.Y.: Continuum, 2004). n p.
14
H onxrt xe nosnonn cee nonropnrt, uro ne sana xnnxercx ncrounnko npons-
nocrna nonrx nokantnrx nckypcon nnoro rnna n ro uncne n renepnoro.
232 Hpuua epeoruua
15
Panctep cnennantno pasnnuaer n +ro konrekcre rpannnonnrn |penoncknn er-
cknn rpanarns n nonrn rpanarns poxennx. Opanaxct k arepnany knno,
Panctep akryannsyer ror reopernuecknn |akr, uro ene y Xnukoka ontnon okasrna-
ercx cnacen naroapx peakrnnannn nrrecnennon erckon rpanr. Ceronx xe cun-
raercx, uro peakrnnannx nacnnnx (nanpnep, rakoro nsnecrnoro |nnoco|ckoro nep-
conaxa kak Anrnrona) ne neer nn nauana, nn konna, xnnxercx rannon: ro ecrt uro
conpeennre cyekrr, nonepxennre ne |penonckoy erckoy rpanarnsy
(nennne ncnxonornueckne nponer/sanpemi e ce+ie), a rpanarnsy poxe-
nnx (connantno enre/nnnennre n knxnnoncko crcne ro ecrt or poxennx),
opeuenr na meppop. Feckoneunoe xe npanocyne n npnoperaer rora ryanncrn-
uecknn onnk nacnnnx, neoxonoro n coonecrne nopxka c nentn nsannennx
or rpanr.
16
C., nanpnep, cnnerentcrno Harannn Kaenenkon: B 1989 roy +neprnunre n
nnosnarentnre acnnpanrr Pouecrepckoro ynnnepcnrera, nckyccrnoner Anna
E|nona n hen Manonnu npoxnnnn nnrepec k |ennnsy n Conercko Conse. (Ha-
rannx Kaenenkax. Cynecrnyer nn nocrconercknn |ennns? Ieuoepuie ucc:e-
ooeauu, X16, 2007).
17
Ene ono nrpaxenne Panctepa.
18
O +nnpnse n onncarentnocrn renepnrx nccneonannn nnnyr nourn nce sa-
nnannnecx +ron reon anropr.
19
Tepnnr Panctepa n nonnrnueckon |nnoco|nn coonecrna pannrx.
20
Zizek, Slavoj. In The Parallax Jiew (MIT Press, 2006), c. 3.
21
Ibidem, p. 381.
22
Ibidem, p. 125.
23
C. Bnkrop Tonopon. eouoe ouo. Hpusuauu crauoa:ucma (M.: 3axapon-Acr, 1999).
24
Hnkonunna Mnrnena. 3ua:euue u +amepevoucmeo. Tpaouu +amepe e ceeme R:uu
Kpucmeeo (Mockna: Hex npecc, 2003), c. 16.
25
Ta xe, c. 23.
26
Ta xe.
27
C. Fonnn Anekcanp. 5 :em cpeou eepeee u +uooeee, u:u Hspau:i us orua poccu-
croeo noco:icmea (Mockna: 3axapon, 2000)., Baxnasapon Ieoprnn. C eowo+u u oes
uux (Mockna: Barpnyc, 2001), Aparon Ieoprnn. e:oeer cucme+i (Mockna: Barpn-
yc, 2002).
233 Toma:umapui qe+uuus+
28
Apenaroe nepnr cekcyantnr onrro nn c ke, kak onncrnaer cnon cekcyant-
nrn onrr no saannn orna A. Konuanoncknn (Konuanoncknn Anpen. Husrue ucmu-
ui. Ce+i :em cnvcm (Mockna: 3kco, 2007).
29
C. Harannx Kaenenkax. Cynecrnyer nn nocrconercknn |ennns? Ieuoepuie
ucc:eooeauu, X16, 2007.
30
C. cnnerentcrna no +roy nonoy Hnnr Boponent n knnre Bes npurpac. Bocno+u-
uauu (Mockna: 3axapon, 2003).
31
Ho cnnerentcrny Enenr Kouknnon n nrnenasnannon crarte n +ro noepe xypna-
na.
32
C. cnnerentcrno Enenr Kouknnon n nrnenasnannon crarte.
33
A uro r cocrnenno enann n kakne nenno rakrnueckne nonnrnueckne saaun
nrrannct pennrt? cnpannnaer Enena Kouknna n nrnenasnannon crarte.
34
C. Butler, J. Precarious Life. The Powers of Mourning and Jiolence (L. and N.Y.:
Verso, 2004).
35
Butler, J. Giving Account of Oneself (New York.: Fordbam University Press, 2005), p. 117.
36
Ibidem, p. 132.