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MOCKoBcKoro

KpeMJIJi_ (BOpOHHH,

1960;

IlieJI5IIIHHa,

1966;

IIaHoBa,

qaCT HaJIH"IHC

1974). MaTCpHaJIhI 1{3 MOCKOBCKoro KpeMJ151 paanen 06YBH, nponcxonauteri 113CJI051XII-XIII

8KCIloHHpyeTC51

BbIrop:HO BB.

B nacrox3Kcrr03HKOJl-

IIJ,ee BpeMH qaCTb MaTCpHaJIa IJ;HH, pa3MCIu;cnnOH JIeKIJ;HH xpaHHTC5I KPCMJIb».

na

apXeOJIOrHqeCKOH

B IIOAKJIeTe

EJIarOBCIIJ,cnCKOro

coriopa. Oc-ramsnaa
¢rYHKM3

B cpOH.n;ax OTAeJIa apXeOJJOrHH

"MOCKOBCKHM:

C naxana
BamIH:

AemIHOCThlX MOCKBbI

rO,L(OBMaClIITa6Hble OCYIIJ,eCTBJI5ICT UCHTp

oxpaHHbIC

paCKOIIKH

B HCTO-

PH"lCCKOM u,eHTpc r. MOCKBhl 06bCMa

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(UAI1)8

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A. 1. EeKCJICpa.
B XOjJ;Cpa60T,

HaJIHqHC

uroro

06yBHbIX onxcanna 3a BpeM5I

!l:eTaJICH, nOJIyT1CHHoro H CHCTCMaTH3au,HH, pa60TbI B

IIOTpe6oBaJIO

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QAH, HaM y.n;aJIOCL orry6JIHKOBaTb IlJIOmaAH, Craporo Tocrnnoro )l,BOpa, YJI,

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Apoara,
II PI{

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pacKoIlKax

1993-1995 rr.

aa MaHC)KHOH

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H3.n;CJIHH H3 KO)KH 6bUlO 3acpHKcHpoBaHO 3.n;CCbB XVII

na MCCTe CTpeJICIJ;KOH CJIO:lKeHCKOro MOH-

pacrro.aaraanrerica MOHacTLIpH,

B., I{ aa TeppHTopHH C

ceeacaoro

cymec-r-sonasnrero

XVI

no

XVIII

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7 IIceB;:J;oHI1M

M.

r. Pa6I1110Bwla.

10

Hsnre

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1.0630['

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JlHTE.PATYPA

CTaBJUUIH ,n:eTaJIH 06YBH, 'IaJIa pa3po3HeHHble

HaUIHTbIBaJIa

60Jlee

2500

3K3eMIIJlJIpoB.

OHa

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,l(eTaJIH H

ue.asre

CPOpMhI, T.IaCTb KOTOPhIX QAI19 ryQ))]l1,

6bIJla

peKOIICT-

PYHp0BaHa JIy'IlIIe

B KaMepaJIbHOH COXpaHl1J1l1Ch

.nafioparopan KO.lKaHhIe

(Berccnep,

OCl1IIOB,

1997).

Apyrl1X

o6HapY)KeHHhIe

B rrorpefieem-

ax HeKp0I10Jl5l" 06llIl1PHaJI TbIBaIOru;aJI

Monceeacxoro 4000

MOHacTblpa

(Berccnep, Ocnnoa,
KOMl1 II 06yBHbIX B coripaaa

1999).
HaC'Il1pacKoIIKax l1 canoxc-

KOJlJfeKU;MH l13,n;eJll1Hl13 3K3eMIIJlHpOB, 6bIJla

,ll;eTaJIei1, r. IIpl1

60Jlee

1997

Craporo
m,re

[OCTI1Horo

,l(BOpa. MHorOT.Il1CJIeHHble 3arnl1KCMpOBaHHhIe

06pe3KI1 'IaCTl1

OT pacKpoH azraana, azrecs B

MHCTPYMCHThI,

B lO)KHOH

MapK11pylOT

,l(e5ITeJlbHOCTb Jlep, OCI1rrOB, OKOJIO xax na

CarrO.IKHOH MaCTepcKoi1,

cyurecreosasurea
rrpH

XV

B.

(Bexc-

2000).
,n;Byx TbICHT.I zreranea B y)l,aJIOCb cofipa-rs OCHIIOB K oxpaHHhlx paCKorr-

YJI. ilJIhHHKa na

1996 rozry, (Bexcnep,

ocaoerme
KOToporo

2004).

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rrpOBo,n;I1JIHCh 'IaCTh

YT.IaCTKe, rrpHMhIKalOru;eM nocazra),

Kpacnon
Ha'IaJIaCh (noH

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BeJlHKOrO

erne

B )l,OMOHrOJIhrrpH,l1,aIOT

CK11H nepaoa <pparMeHThI rrepeKpbIThIX pawen,

(EeJlHeB, KO)KaHOll RpycaMI1

1994. C. 42).
06yBlI,

UeHHocTh

KOJIJIeKI~HI1

COXpaHl1BllII1eC.lI

B paHHl1X

HaI1J1aCTOBaHI15IX, B.

MOCTOBhIX nepsoa

nOJlOBI1HhI

XIII

(Berccnep,

KOH.1I.-

JIaryTHH,

1996).
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Bo.nee
BpeMH

I1oJlyropa

paCIWI10K

1995-1997

Ap6aT,,l1,. qaCTb

1/7,

me

IIJIOru;a,l(b I1CTaIOKe rrpeztY3-

cJle,l\oBaH1111 COCTaB11J1a 334 M2. OCHOBHaJI CTaBJleHa pa3p03HeHHhIM111(CTaJI5IMI1 cpopMaMH (BeKCJIep,

3THX

naxoztorc

06YBl1,

a TalOKC

KOIICTPYKTl1BHLIMil

JIaMl1 H rrOJIIIhIMH KO)KI1, B CJIoe

OCHnoB,

2004). Kpoxre
)KCJIe3Hble

113,n;CJlHll 113 lIO)l,KOBKH, JII1XTep,

XVI-XVII
6bIJII1

BB. 6hIJII1

Harr,n:eHbI

06YSHhle

KOTopble OCHrroB,

TaK)Ke

onrrcaar,r

H cnCTCMaT113HpOBaHhI

(BCKCJICP,

1997).
rorry I1p11 pacKonKax na YJl. I1pe'IMCTeHKa, OTXO)l,bI CanO)KHOH BO ,l\BOpe roponcxon MacTepcKoH cynrecrnoCKOlIJICHl15I 60JlCC MOmHOKO6bIJIH aarpmccaposaau QeTBepTI1

B 1997
yca,n:b6bI,

saamen
otipearcon

B TpeTbeli

XVII

B. (BeKCJlCp,

OCnITOB,

1997).

OT paCKpo.lI

11 ,n;eTaJlCrr KO)KaHOH

06yBl1,

nacmrrsraaromae
Maccy coxpaI;IHocTb

14000
CTbJO

e,n:I1HHIJ" rrpe,n;CTanJI5IJII1 c06011

I1JIOTHO cnpeccoaanrryio

40

CM, pa3Meru;aBwYlOC5I BOCCTaHOBHTb

rra rtnonrazm

16 M2. Xopomasr
11C60pKI1 06yBHble 06YSli

JKH rr03BOJIllJIa

TeXH11KY paCKp05I pacrrpocTpaHeHHhIe

06YBHbIX <pacoHbr. 6bIJIM

MO,l(CJICrr,

a TaIOKC BhI.lIBI1Tb

nantiozree

3HaT.I11TeJIbHhle na

CKOlIJlCH115I ,n;CTaJlCH KO)KaHOH MOJlO'IHOM ,l(M11TpOBKa, aBTopOM I1epeYJlKe, EOJIOTHa5I.

OTMeQeHbI naKOJI-

Kazraurescxori

naoepeacaori,
EOJILWa5I

KocMo.n:eMbHHcKOH

6epe)KHoH,

YJIHQax

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TaM

JIeKQI1M CllCTeMaTII3I1pOBaHbI OTT.IeTaM (BeKCJIep,

B npnnozcennax

K COOTBeTCTByJOm11M

1996; BeKCJIep, 2001; BeKCJIep, 2002; Bexcnep, 2003). 1996 rozta na Ka.ll:aIIIeBCKoH Ha6epeJKHOH, B 3arrOJIHeHl1H cropenrnesi nocrpojixn nep. lIOJI. XVII B., HaH)l,eU ,n:eTCKMH canoacox, KOTOphIll Y.ll:aJlOCb peKoHCTpyllpoBaTb (BeKCJIep, Ocrrnoa, 2000. C. 162). Ha ocI1pH pacKoIIKax TaJlbHOrr flJ!OIl~a,,1;H pacKoIIa rozry, rrpn 6bIJIa cofipana KOJIJICKI~H5I rro Tpaccc 06yBHhIX nO,l1,KOBOK. rrepeyJIKa, ,n:eTaJI11KO-

B 2000
B 3anOJIHeHHI1

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MOJIO'IHOrO

aacsrrrasmoro

6bIJII1 HaH,n:eHLr l13HOIIIeHHhle

9 PeKOHCTpYKl.lIUI
CKOM.

11 peCTallpaUH51

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H. I1.

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o svns

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XlI-XV!!!

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)KaHOn 500

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uaxana

ne psoji

rrOJIOBHHbI

XVIII

B., HaC'lI1TbISaIOIlV'le yrI1JIH3au.l1.IO

OKOJIO

3K3eMIVIHpoB.

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C060H

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HOH o6YSI1,

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nO,ll,OIlIBbI

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ooy-

BH C paHTOBbIM

(Bexcnep,
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2001) 85 e,ll,I1HHu., CTPOI1KOrrOH-

6bIJII1

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1783

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B. (OCI1rrOB, 06YSHble

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B

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COCTaBJI5!CT 3arrOJIHeHl1C ero KaK 3aKpbITbIH

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B 2002-2003

A. E. Maaypon
pl1aJI

II

XlII-XIV
2004,

BB.,

A. C. a

CI>IpOBaTKO) TaioKc

10, 6bIJI co6paH

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3a<i>HKCHponaHO H3rOTOBJIeHHCM 2004).

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pacKoilKax ,r:(CJIaoxpaHHbIX 110 TbIC.WIH Ccp.

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2003).

(PYKoR01l.HTeJIh

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aa JIIO-

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0 G3 0 P

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XVII

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CI1 MOCKOBCKI1X lI,BOPOB 1638 rozra

XVII
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(Flepermcrnrcxe ropo,n;a
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He rrpeCJIe,l.l,YIOIll,YK) IIeJIH

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'Ka'KO, pe3(1.f[bH.U1{ dpbJlcaUf,e, pesamu

(Cpe3HeBcKlIH, ,n;pyrlIx 1912. C. 262). peMeCJIeHHbIX

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u, 'K010801O apbJfCJ/,Uf,U, ucumu. canoeu»

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Ha 60JIbllIeH: qaCTJ.1 ll306paJKeHMH: (¢pecKax, MKOHax, MMHMaTlopax) 'roro, B OTJIllKaK npamvIO, CKpbITa ,1I,JIHHHbIMH nOJIaMH o,ne)K,1l,bl. 3arra,n:HOH:. EBPOTIbI, MaHcpa

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B xaxecrae
B TelIH B.

npH-

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(IDIJI. 1).

no

A. B.

APl.l,MXOBCKoro, nam

otiyr

B BbICOKI1e canorn H306paJKeHHe JIbHRHbIX

(ApUHXOB3TOU o6y«oHYIIIeu»

1948. C. 234). Ha

B3rJI5I,lI" CTHJIH30BaI'lHOe rroplllHll,

BM 60JIbille (mi)'qeu)

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no 1'I306paJKeHI1RM, 0 Ha1l6oJIee TaK,

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na <ppeCKax tmerax,

H MHHHaTIOpax,

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pacrrpOCTpaHeHHbIX

MCrrOJlb30BaBllIHXC5I r.), MbI BI1,nHM

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B 1136opHllKe11 CB5ITOCJIaBa

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(1073
B

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mse'ra KHR3e12

KH5I351 KMeBCKoro (HJIJI.

canorax

3eJIeHorO na

8). B

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XII

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I.:(BeTa (ITpoxoPOB, HH3Ka5! 06yBb YKpallIeHHYIo -

1881.
Tycpm1,

77). I10-BH,Il,HMOMY,
(lIJIJI_

B ,lI,aHHOM CJly-

TIOCKOJlbKY Xy,n:O)KHHK BbI,ll,el1HJI HO-

CO''lH}'lO qaCTb, KOM xpaMe c.nasa

np5I)KKaMH

(?)
r)

6). Ha

cppecKe

Beztmcoro Honroporta
B canorax JIeTOnHCHOM nepMO,ll,aM

(1199
csone

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M306pa)KeHHe

BJIa,n:m,mpOBI1'Ia

)KeJITOrO

I.:(BCTa (I1pOXOpOB,

HepezmuHpo1881. C. 77).
B rrOCBRncer'o

B
uiennsrx

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rzre BH,n:nhI CTUJII130BaHHbIe

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A.

B. ApqHXOBCKHU,

crre-

H3Y'.JaBIlIHH: ::ny TeMY I1 0606lll,HBllIHU ",.[(peBHepYCCKue 06yBL

pe3YJI1>TaTbI CBOHX HCCJIe,ll,OBaKaK HCTOpI1qeCKHU HCTO'I-

HUM B MOImrpacpllM HMK»,

MHHHaTIOpbI

BOBce He ynosmnae'r TeM He MeRee,

(API.:(UXOBCKMH.,

1944. C. 100).
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,ll,a)Ke na CTaryc acerzta

CTHJIH30BaRHOM "leJIOSeKa. 06pLI TaK,

H306pa2KeIlHH

nepezra-n. HYlO 06YBL,

COQI1aJIbHbIU KpeCTb5IHC

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B JIanTM,

0603HaQeHHbIe

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KOCOll ceTKOH, K 6e,ll,HeHIlIen

a OTCYTCTBue 06YBU YKa3b1BaeT rra npHHa,LljIe)KIIOCTb "IaCTH naCeJIeHH5I. bOChTMI1 U306pa)KaJIM HCTO"IHHKOM MOryr HUlll,HX.

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rtpenarrx 6bITOBbIe

O,ll,HHM HJIJIIOCTpaTHBIlbIM

CJIY)KHTL I1HHI.:(HaJIbI OTpa)KeHHe B rrpaaoii CBH-

pyxonnceri MOTUBbI,

XIII-XIV
cpezm

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B pR,n:e 3arJIaBHhIX
M306paJKCHHe o6pe30M

6yKB HallIJIH

KOTOPbIX

BOHHa C Me'!OM

PYKe ("4:cpenHHH, TbI,

1956.

PMC.

60). Tlon

KOPOTKOH. -,[(0

KOJIeH -

BH,II,HbI OCTpoHocble no BepxHeMY ,n;pyrOM

carrot-a oopeay

C Kococpe3aHHbIMH MOrp

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rycpm-! O,[(HllM

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pOTKHe

(lIJlJI. 5; 2).
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C5I M306pa)KeHHe ffl.e6yprcKHx)

Ma-

BpaT

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coriopa

(HJIJI.

7).

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11 C60pHYIK H3.3I1t\aTeJlbHbIX
12

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ITo MHeHHlO

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au.

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<puryPbI,

KaK II «llcrrpaBJIeHlle» QeTBepTl1

BOPOT,

no

rrOCJIe,rr:UUM HCCJIe,rr:OBaHHRM

OTHOCHTOI

KO BTopon

XV

B. (PhIH.D)1Ha

1996. C. 263-266).
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Ha

3TOM

lf306paJKcm1I1 HOCTen

A B. Kypfiaroa
co BTopon

BH,l(lfT

p.H,lI,KOHKpeTHbIX

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«)KeCTKOH»

KOHCTPYKI:(l·1H nOJIOBllHhI

nHlllb

cancra (Kypoaros 1997). XVI sexa rrO.HBJI.HIOTC5IrrepBble

pyccKrrx B peaJIllCTH'IeCKOll CllrH3MYH,lI,a BaCHJIvm 0 MOCKOBHH» KHH35I

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TaK, B 6a3eJIbCKOM IIITeHHa, rrpe,u:cTaBJIeH

ll306paJKaIOrn.llx ll3,l1,aHllll «3arw:coK

Tepfiep(rep6ep-

rropTpeT

BeJlHKOrO

III

UITenH, 1988. C. 69). Flonon KH5I)KeCKOll rny6hI rrpllnOp;H.HT, na Horax BH,u:Hbl canorn C OCTPhIMll, 3arrI)'ThIMrr BBepx aocasrn (rum. 3). Xaparcrepno OTCyrCTSHe y carror nafiopnoro Ka6nyKa, rrO.HBHBllIerOCH B POCCHI1 noaznree. POCKOllI-

nsre,

60raTO

opHaMeHTllpOBaHHhIe P;OPO}KHOH yrBapH

canorrr

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na

p;pyroll

rpaBIOpe,

cpe,rr:rr rrpep;MeTOB

11BOHHCKoro

CHap5I)KeHllH

(lIJIJI. 71,72)
norpa-

(I'epfiepurrcira,
BIOpe

1988. C. 115). Carrorn 'roro

HMnepaTopy

xce cpacoHa

Bll,rr:Hbl y pyCCKHX

CJIOB, npe,u:cTaBJICHHbIX

MaKcllMIUIHaHY,

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na

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(1576 r.) (rum. 10)

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1882.

HJI.

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HBJICr'UIe 8prrxa HbI

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na

HeCKOJIbKI1X BTOPOll

rpaBIopax

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XVII

naofipaacaromnx 1674. S. 18, 26)

1906. C. 228).
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PYCCKI1X CTPCJIbIlOB (IfJIJI.

12).
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B KHI1re

A.

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«Tlyremecrnae
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aa

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UAI1 na

(Bexcnep, 2002), TaK)Ke HMeIOTCH 3K3eMrrmlphI C I1306paJKeHI1eM Bca,ll;HI1KOB. Tmarexsuas npopaoo-rxa pem-ecpa JII1QeBOH nnaCTI1HbI nonporiao rrepe,ll;aeT ,ll;eTaJIll O,ll;e)K,ll;bl BoopY}KeHHbIX BCanHI1KOB B canorax (IUIJI. 16.1). ITo I1306paJKeHllIO MO)KHO BbI,ll;CJII1Tb carror-n P;BYX cpacoBoopY)KeHHbIX HOB: C Ha60pHblM Ka6JIYKOM VI C IIll3Kl-IM C H306pa>KeHlleM I13BeCTHbI no T. H. «BuyrpeHHI1M» Ka6nyKOM. AHa" ll3pa3QbI rycapoB, paCKorrKaM

JIOrl1'IHbIC Ha60pHbIM

ofiyrr.rx

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C UII1POKI1M

Ka6JIYKOM,

B ITOJIOl1,KC (,lJ;YK, COJlOBbeB,

2004.

pMC.

8, 1,2 C. 248.) (IfJIJI. 16.2).

KapTorpa¢H~ICCKI1X I1CTO 'IHI1KOB, peMeCJIa,

Cpc,lI;I1

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acero cnezryer

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paHHI1X BB.

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XVI ~

naxaae

(IfJIJI. 19).
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Tan-ropone MO Ha3BaHI1e

rpa,n;oCTpOI1TeJIbHOH

pacrrOJlO)KeHHbIC B KI1Mocxnsr, 1983. C. 52). Cana COBMe-

3aBe,rr:eHI1H

«uacmepcxue npoJalO'lIf,UX canoeus ytcaasrsae'r

H3rOTOBJIeHM5I il rrponaacr 06YBI1.

IlI,CHI1e B O,rr:HOM MCCTe CPyHKIlllH

Ha'IaJIo

I1CCJIenOBaHH5I pa3BHTI1R nOJIOBI1He

POCCI1HCKOrO

KO)KeBeHHOro CBep;eHI15I no

peMeCJla KO)KeBeH-

OTHOCI1TCH KO BTOPOH

XIX

sexa.

Tlepnere

18

HOM)' rrpOll3BOnCTBY,

BKJIKJ<IaIOIUHe

KOMITJleKC rr3BCCTHbIX

na TO BpCMJI rnrc s-

I.

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MeHHbIX B

HCTO<IHHKOB H OTJl:eJIbHble

apxeonortraectcne
ITo MHCHIUO

naxojncn,

rr05IBJIHlOTCH pa3BHTHH B3rJIJI,lI,bI orrpe,ll,c-

paoore

H. ,lJ,. ApHCTOBJ,
HecMoTpR

KOTOPbIH 1866).

)J;aJI HI13KYlO onenxy

ypOBHH aa,

rrpOMbIlllJIeHIIOCTM H.,l1,.

(ApHCTOB,

E. A. Psrfiaxo

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na pR,[( cepbe3Hblx K peMeCJIeHHoMY B pa3J3HTlUf

He,[(OCTaTKOB, Hal1:0JIro npOH3BO,lLCTBY,

JIWH1 OTHOllleHHe KO)f(eBeHHOMY, CUll (PbI6aKoB, B naxane JI.HlOmllXC5I pIfaJIaMIf ero

HCTOPHKOB 3Ha'lem1l0

B TOM qllCJIe

X03JIHCTBa

B cpennesexoaoji

PoeJIB-

1948.

C.

203). HeCKOJIbKO CIIpaBO'lITI1KOB IT noc0611H,

XX

B. nWIBJIReTOI

csoero ITO

porta

CliCTeMaTH311pOBaHHbIMli KO)f(eBenIIOM)' arrrx 6pOilIIOp

aTHorpaq>HqeCKI1MIf (KpllBUOB,

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K)'CTapHOMY Ha ¢OHe

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sapanaa KOBaHHaR }KeBeHHoro

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BhI,lI,CJIJICTCR MOHOrpa¢H}I npOIf3BO,lLCTBa B POCCHli»,

I',

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MCJIKOrO KO)KeBeHHOro r. (IToBapHVIH, 1912).

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HCCJIe.n:yeT TeM)' pa3BllTliH 06pa60TKll KO)KH ,lI,pyrHx

AeJIa B POCCIfil

aa ¢oHe

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ace

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xonoro 3aHbI C rrplIBJIeqeHHeM

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KO}KCBCHHO-o6YBHoro

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HOBrOpO!(CKOH

apXeOJIOrIfQeCKOH rozry, npH

A. B. APll,l1XOBCKIfM.
cOOpY)KCHI1H

1932

paCKOITKaX CKOITJIeHHe me 6r:.ill

Cnanne,

XII

B., 6bIJIO ofinapyacesro OT paCKpOH.

06yBHLIX

AeTaJIeH

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aTp116YTl1pOrne Bbl-

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KOMIIJIeKC HlllIfJIH

KaK KO)KeBeHHO-CaITO)KHYIO 113 HIIX 06yBh (APll,l1XOBCKl1H,

MaCTcpCKYJO, 1949.

t.(eJIbIBaJIU

126~128). H COll,11pa400-

TIp06JICMbI aJIhHOil 60Te

TCXHHqCCKOrO

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E. A

1948.

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6bITb

paCCQHTaHhI; MOp<pOJIOrH5I, 'rex-

pa3,ll,eJIeHbI MaTepllaJI

na rpymlbI

(rrO,lJ,CHCTeMbI):

H3rOTOBJIeHll5l,

H <PYHKUH5I (cxexra

1).

<popMa,

BH)'TpH

Mop<POJIOrHH
II

BbI,l(emllOT (cxexra

CBOH nO,l(CHCTeMbI:

KOHCTPYKI.J;H5I H

:U;BeT, pa3MepbI

,l(eKOp

2).
Mopq>OJIOrHH

Cxexra 2. IIo,l(CHcTeMhI

H3YQeHllJl

l
I
KOHCTPYKUH5I (Ha6op KOHCTP)'KTHBHhIX 3JIeMeHTOB) pa3MepbI

Mopq>OJIOm:5I

I
I
,lI.eKOp

I
[(BeT

CrreI.J;Hq>I,my Be~eBoil 3JIeMeHTOB. IIo,rr:CHCTeMhI BeTCTBHH 3Ta

KaTeropHH

onpencaaer

Ha60p

KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX

XOT.H H CB.H3aHhI Me)K.n:y C060ll, 3aKOHOMepHOCT5IMH. llCrrOJIb30BaTb

HO pa3BHBaIOTC.H

B COOT-

C co6CTBeHHblMH MeT0.lU1Ka

rr03BOJI5IeT

He TOJIbKO

nensre

rrpe,n:MeTbI,

HO H cpparMeHTbI, aaansie MHorHX

a TaIOKe

npHBJIeKaTb TaK MHoro

,l(JI5I conOCTaBJIeHHll cpe.n;1l1l3,lLeJIHllll3

ztenacnap-rnao-

HaxO,lLKH, KOTOPbIX

KO)KH B KOJIJIeKll,llaX

MY3eeB H apXeOJIOrllqeCICllX

<lKCne,ll,HUHll.

Mop<pOJIOrIIJI
KOHCTpYKI(Ha

13 3JIeMeHTaM: 1) nooouiea, 2) 'Ka6.1l-)l'K,3) eOJl-08'Ka, 4) saonu«, 5) eoneuuuu; 6) 3a8J/.3'KU, 7) omBepcm'l./..JL,

CnllCOK OCHOBHblX ,ll;eTaJIeil 06)'Bll MO)KeT 6bITb CBeAeH K

8) sacmescxa,
9TlI

9) Jl3'b~"tO'K, 10) cmenvca; 11) panm,

<lJIeMeHTbI MO)KHO crpyrIIIHpoBaTb KpenJIeHHC,

12) cynuHanwp,
B ~IeTblpe COCTOHT H3 -

13) noonapRo.
61IOKa: il

I)

HH3,

II)

Bepx, -

II!)

IV) nOAK.JIa,l(Ka. Has

eOJIeHUUJa,
H3

nooouieu

'Ka6.1lJl'Ka,

Bepx

113 eO.fW61CU, aOnU'Ka, 3

KpenJIeHHa

113 3a65t.1O'K,

omeepcmuii, sa-

cmescex,

.il3bl1.t'Ka,

rrO,1l;K.JIa,l(Ka -

cmensscu, pauma,

cynUHamopa,

nOOHap.Roa.

HallMeHOBaHIHI'
qaCTH KOHCTPyKUHH,

«Bepx»
npllH.lITbI

11 «HI13»,

0603HaQaIOIIJ;I1e

COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ;ne
JIllTeparype, TaK H B

KaK B apXeOJIOHlqeCKOll

COBpeMeHHOM

06)'BHOM

np01l3BO,ll;CTBe.

npHMHTHBHbIX

(O,ll,HOqaCTHbIX)

II.

METO.1lMKA

OnMCAHVIJ!

OGYB~!

KOHCTPYKIJ;I1HX ,Tl,CTaJH-r CpXa B B pa3Bl1TbIX no cpOpMaX paCKpOH

11 HH3a

BbIKPOCHbI

sane.no

(113 O,[(IIOrO

KYCKa). OT;:r,CJlbCKOpee

'[(eTaJICH HH3a

H BepXa

npOH3BO;:r,HJlCH Me)K,[l.Y HHMH

H TOJlbKO rrOTOM HX COC,Tl,HHHJll1. B l1epBOM a BO BTOPOM CJry'lae OHM

rpaHHl.l,a lllBaMH.

YCJlOBHa,

paanerrensr see
TpH npH

pacrrpOCTpaHCHHOH HbIH 113 onnoro

MO;:r,CJl11 KaK KO}J{aHbIH

rropIIIeHb 6JlOKa:

Hanpnvep, B TaKOH (HJlJI. 22:1), BbIKpoeHrrozroursa

::no nna, roKOTOPOH IIopIIIeHb

KYCKa KO.IKM, IfMeIOTOI BCpX, a PCMCHHaH

JlOBKa H 3a,n;HHK KpCrrHJlCH K nore

060pa,

rrOMOll.\H

~ OTHOCHTCH K 6JIOKY «KPCTIJICHHC» 9JICMCHTbI, 06pa3yroIIIHC

(3aBR3KH). ncmeR MOryr II ,Tl,02000. "{ho6bI

KOHCTP}'KTHBHbIC 6bITb

KOHCTP}'KIIHll

Pa3,[(CJICHbl aa OCHOBHble,

6C3 KOTOPbIX

KaTcropllH

HC CyIIICCTBYeT,

110JIHHTCJIbHbIC, 06pa3yIOIIIllC

BCC paanoofipaane

KOHCTP}'KIIHH

(Hlanona,

C. 64).

KaKI1c

KOHCTPYKTI1BHble

8JICMCHTbI HBJlJIIOTCH OCHOBOH o6ym1:? KO BpcMeHH

OTBCTMTb na 9TOT Bonpoc, CaMbIM norrraecrcaa KycKa IIIKJpbI, paHHHM

CTOHT 06paTHTbC5I

TIO.llBJICHHJ:l o6)'BH. HBJI5ICTCH apxco113rOTOBJleHHbiX 113

CBH,[(CTCJIbCTBOM cc M.lIrKI1X canor

cyurecrnonaana KYJlbKOB,

PCKOHCTPYKIIlf:ll CKPCITJICHHOll na

rrOJIOCKaMlf

KO}J{I1. CJIC,[(hI TaKOH 06YBM 6bIJI11 06CT05IHKC 1988.

HapY}J{cHbI xo'ropofr

B TIOrpC6CHl1lf HaC'lHThIBaCT

IIaJICOJUITI1'leCKOH H. 9. 6bIJII1, HaM

25 TbIC .ner no 06yn11

(Eanep,
no

Cynr-aps, B03pacT C. 103). Ho caMoi1.

TaK Ha3hIBaCMblC MaTepHa06YBb naro-

IIpHMI1TI1BHOi1. «6aIIIMaKH»

KOHCTPYKIIHCH

rro-BH,[(I1MOMY,

(HM3

+
B

BCpX),

113BeCTHbIC B

9THorpacpH'!CCKHM

JIaM, XpaH5IIllHMC.lI TaBJII1BaJIaCb CaMbIC

Tlapnxce

MJ3cc

LJ.CJIOBCKa(rom.

22:2).

9TO

113 CH.llTOM. LJ.YJIKOM MC,Tl,BC)f(bCllIlIKypbI 113 I13BCCTHbIX I10rpC6eH1151X HaM naxoztox CKH¢CIwro OHM 06YBl1: BpeMeHH

(Hald,

1972.

S.

21,

fig. 9).
Hanp;c-

paHHI1C

-raxoro

T11na 6bIJIH

HbI B KypraHHbIX (PYJ.l.CHKO, 1952. nr-re canorrr

aa UCHTPaJIbHOM c060ii MHrKrre

An-rae
MCXO'

C.

91.

prrc.

356).

IIpe,[(CTaBJlHJlI1

C IIPI1IllHBHOll C TCnJlbIM

IIO,n;OIlIBOH KJIHMaTOM, cny)f(vJJIa

(H113

BCpX). yreIIJIHTb qaCTI1

B MCCTax
nor-a,
06YBb CTOI1bI o'r Mon

rzte ne 6bIJIO Hc06xoJ.l.11MOCTH

113Ha"laJIbHO

,[(JI.ll IIpe,Tl,OXpaHeHH5I

TIJIaHTapHon

MCXaHlfLJ.CCK11X rrOBpC)K/l,eH11H. a onna

,Tl,aHHOM CJIyqae

11CXO,n;HOH <pop-

HBJI.lJCTCHHe qYJIOK H3 IIIKYPbI, aore np11 I10MOIIIH

JIHWb IIO,[(OIliBa

(CJIep;), KpCTIHBIIIa5I"ITO B !O)KHbIX

C.lJ na

pCMelliKOB

(lIJIJI. 22:4).
KpCnJICH11c) rra CTCHax

OqeBHfI,HO,

cTpaHax 06YBH.

HMCHHO

CaH,ll;aJIHH (H113

H 6bIJIB

HaLJ.aJIbHOn <popMon B

I1x naoripazceune Bena-I'acane (Er11TIeT.

B B

cOXpaHHJIOCb CPC'[(HCC

rpofirmrrsr Xnysrxo-rerra 22:3),

OHl16bIJIli H3BeCTHbI

qapcrBo.

XII

)l;llHaCTI-'HI).

Cy;:r,H ITO 8TOMY

p;peBHeHllIeMY

113 113BeCTHbIX HaM PI1CYHKOB ("rum. H. a.

YJKe
HbI (1338

XX B. zto
rp06HHIIc

Boraro

opHaMCHT11pOBaHHhle <papaoHa rronotinaa ee

CaH,Tl,aJI1111bIJI11 o6HapJ)Kc6 p;I1HaCTHH

3HaMCHllToro KaBKa3C

XVIII

Tyranxasrona
«qaphIKoB». H3 KyJIbsase

r. zto H. a). Ha PaB'[(oHHKac (PaB,ll;OHI1KaC, TaKHM

06)'13b nOCHJIa Ha3BaH11e TIO 11306pa)f(CHI1I0 na

T. )l
06bI

PCKOHCTPYHPYCT 1990.

C. 33).
pcrHoHax npH 113rOTOBJIeHMM 06ynl1ll3P;BC pa3Hblc KOHCTPYKTHBHbIC CXCMbI: H113

o6pa30M,

B pa3JI11qHbIX

Ha'laJIbHO

I1CrrOJIb30BaJIH

BCpX H I1p11

H113 + KpeITJICH11C, KOTOPbIC aTOM HI1 O,ll;11H 8JIeMCHT BbIACJIllTb ocnoBy.

MO)f(HO paccMaTpHBaTb

KaK pamIOnpaBHble.

HC BCTpCQaCTC5I Ilo3TOMY npM

nOOp;HHO"lKC.

LJ.CB11,D:H a,

06)'Bli

HCJIh3H

paCLJ.CTC KOM6HHaq11n

6JIOKOB Mbl , ;:r,06aB-

paCCMaTpHBaCM JIeHl1e Mep KO"ropOH

BX KaK paBHorrpaBHble, yrrp0"'IH5IeT li

aa I1CKJI!OQCHHCM nozrrcnazncn I1pHcyrcTB11e

KOHCTpyKI~HIO. 3aJ1:HHKa,

nO,!l.KJI'l,D;K11,HanpH):KCCT'lC. 6bITh n pac-

TIOAHap}lp;a

xcec-rxoro

zre.nae-r

KOHCTPYXUHIO

B03MO)f(HbIC CqHTaHbI

KOM611HaqMI1 211-

H113a, Bcpxa n-YlHCJIO

11 KpCrrJICH115I MOryT 6JIOKOB. B HailleM

ITO cpoPMYJIC

1,

rp;e

cJIY'Iae

=3

06YBb

MOCKOBCKOYI

3EMJlI1

XII-XVIII

UB.

(Hl13, BepX,

KperrJICHlle),

CJIe).l,OBaTeJIbHO, (Ta6JI. KJIaCCbI

23 - 1 = 7. To

ecrt-

B03MO)KHbI

ceMb

KOHCTPYKTHBHbIX Ho He

KJIaCCOB 06yBl1 paCCqHTaHHbie

1).

see

HbI KJIaCChI, COCT05Ul~l1e ll3 pe

oznroro
KOTOPbIC llX

6JIOKa (KJIaCCbl

cyurec-reyior peam.no. MaRO BepmITN~ 1,2,3). PeaJIbHbI qeTblB IlOClIe,lJ,HeM cToJI611,e Ta6JIH-

xnacca

(N2 4, 5, 6, 7),
Hn3

noraexensr

nsr 1 3HaKOM
HllH).l,JIR

oc+», PaCCMOTpl1M

noapoonee:
He llMelO~lle KperrJIe-

Knacc 4.

qmKCall,I1ll Bepx

+ Bepx. EaIIIMaKH, T)'cpJIn, carror-n, aa nore (IULJI. 22; 6, 7,10.23;7).

+

Knacc 5.
xoxcaasre

xperrnemre,
6bIJIll 9Ta

TaKYJo

KOHCTpyKll,lllO B TpeTbeil

llMClOT,

K rrpllMepy,

reTpbI.

Orra

pacrrpOCTpaHeHbI 06YBb

qeTBepTH

XVI

B.

aa KapTllHe I'anca rOJIb6eilHa Mnaznnero (Mepnanoaa M. H. 1993. C. 450. Pile. 446). Pa3HOBH,lJ,HOCTbIO 3TOil:IKe KOHCTPYKll,HH MO)KHO c-nrrart, nonoaca (HJIJI. 22:8). B PYCCKOM Cpe).l,HeBeKoBoM nocrrexe OHn HOCllJIH Ha3BaHHe «6yrypJIbIKll». KaK rrpaBHJIO,
cpe,n:H aHrmiI4CKllX rOp0:IKaH. H306pa)KeHa HX He OTHOC.5lT K 06yBH, rHqeCKH OHll, paCCMaTpHBa.5l CB.5l3aHbi KaK qaCTb

ztocrrexa.

O)J,llaKO

MOPCPOJIO-

neCOMHeHHO,

06yBblO14. rrO)J,OIIIBa, rrpHKpeTIJIeHqTO B TeXHOJIOrO-THrro-

Ha.5l K

Kaacc 6. HH3 + KpeIIJICHHe. CaH)J,aJIHH, TO ecrr, nore (mill. 22:3; 4. 23:1; 9). H}')KHO OTMCTHTb,

JIOrHqeCKOH: ll;I1aJInCTbI Herberrova

cxesre E. H. Orrrenoii
06yBH

3Ta

06YBb

o-rcyrc'rsyer. Hexoropste
(Kubalova OT O)J,RaKD, B OTJIHqne OTHOCRTC5I K

no HCTOPHH 0., Lamarova

KaK H

rrpHqHCJullOT

K caH)J,aJIHHM JIarrTH

cneL.,

M. 1981. S. 573-575),
llMeIOT Bepx, TO

canzraH T. ).l,. MO)J,C~

JIHH, JIarrTH,

nopunm,

ec-n,

xnaccy 7.

9TOT JIeil

Knacc 7. HI13 + Bepx + KperrJIeHHe. Carrorn, 6aIIlMaKH, TycpmI xnacc B!UIlO~laeT IIlHpOKHH accopruaerrr casrsrx paaaootipaaasrx (llJIJI. 22:9,11,12.23: 1-6; 8-10).
,n:JIR rrOBbIIlIeHHH H3HOCOYCToi1qHBOCTH KJIaCCbl Mor),!, HMeTh H BJIarOHerrpoHHIweMocTH (~OIlOJIHHTeJIbHhle

nezte-

peqHCJIeHHhle TaJIH).

m.mre

rrO~KJIa~Ky

OTJIHqHe

OT OCHOBHhIX B

)J,eTaJIe.i1, )J,CTaJIH nO}1;KJIa}1;KI1 He I13MeH5IIOT KJIaCCmpllKall,l1ll 3TllX OHa CJIY)KHT ,Il,JI5IBbl).l,CJIe,ll,CTaJIerr

CPO PM}' 06}'BH,

rr08TOMY

naureir

HI1R rro).l,KJIaCCOB. Har:mqI1c Ka6nyKoM, rr03BOJl5IIOT (ORTeBa,

HJIH oTcyrcTBI1e

cOBoKyrrHOCTI1 H M.5lrKl1H: THIlbl

HCCJIC).l,OBaTeJI51M BhI)J,eJIaTb )KeCTKH:0

KOHCTPyKll,Hll

1973. C. 105).
06yBH.

Ta6JIHll,a

1. Knaccsr

(2n - 1) PeaJIbHOCTb
KJlacca

3JIeMeHT/ IVlaCC

H113

Bepx
0

KperrJICHl1e 0 0 0 1 1 1
I

1 2
3 4 5 6 7

1 0 1 0 1 0 1

1 1 0 0 1 1

14

C II03HUHH

<PYHKUl!lOH3JIbHOrO BbIIlOJ1IHIBIllHe

I1Cl10JIL30BaHHlI pOJ1b ziocnexa.

K 06yBl1

HeJIb31I

OTHOCHTb

pearap-

CKl1e 60T¢OpTbl,

II.

METOAl1KA

Of1I1CAHHH

OEYBl-1

Ha Hble

CJleP:YlOw;eM ypoBHe

KJIaccu:qmKaUllll

orrU:CbIBalOTC.H

KOHCTPYKTilB-

KJlaCCbI 6JIOKOB:

H 113
HH3 llMeeT

(n6JI.

2).
ElJleMeHTaMli JlBJl5IeTC5I HH3a 5IBJlJllOTC.H nOAOllIBa KOHCTP)'KTHBHble H Ka61I)'K. KJIaCCbl 3JIeMeH-

KOHCTpYKTHBHblMH

OCHOBY, KOTOPOll no ~opMYJIe K OCHOBe.

nozroursa.
II -

paCCQHTbIBaIOTC5I TOB, npH6aBJI5IeMbIX

2n, rne

QHCJlO KOHCTP)'KTllBHbIX

KJIaCC 1. Tloaonrsa (rom. 22:1-5, 7, 9. 23:2, 6) xnacc 2. Ilononrsa + Ka6JIYK (llJI.J1:. 22:6, 10-12. 23: 3-5; 7-10)

8JIeMeHT

jKiIacc

Flozrouma (ocaoaa)

Ka6JIYK

PeaJIhHOCTb xxacca

1 2
Bepx(Ta6JI.3). KOHCTPYKTHBHbIMli rOJIeHl1I.IJ;e.

1 1

0 1

+
+

ElJleMeHTaMl1 HeJIb35l

Bepxa

5IBJIHIOTC5I: rOJIOBKa, OCHGBOH. B 3TOM

3a.[(HllK

HH

OP:HH H3 HllX

Ha3BaTb

crryxae

paCQeT

KOM611HaIJ,l1H np0113BO,'l,l1TC.sr Ul1H paBHO

no

cpopMyJIe

2n-1.

LfHCJIO B03MOJKHbIX

KOM611Ha-

cexra. 113 ceMil paC'-IeTHbIX KJIaCCOB urecrt, xnacc 1. [OJIOBKa (UJI1I. 22:6) xnacc 2. I'o.aeurnne (U1I1I. 22:8) roracc 3. [OJIOBKa + roxenmne (UJIJI. 22:12)
[peIJ,HH paCIIpOCTpaHeHbI K KpeIII-I.D,hI IIpH

5lBJl.HlOTC5I peaJIbHbIMH:

xnacc 4. 3aAHHK B ApeBHell

6bIJII-i lllHPOKO 3aAHl1KOM, KpemlBllla5IC5I [OJIOBKa

B rrepllO.l1. apXal1KH

(VII -V

BE.,[(O H. 3.)

M5IIKaJl IIJIaCTfIH'IaTM

noztoursa

nore

nOMOI.IJ;M peMelllKOB

(ruIJI. 22:5).

xnacc 5.
HaJIH'-IMe

+
+

3a.[(HMK (lIJI1I. 3aAHHK

22:1;7).
(lIJ1JI.

xnacc 7. [OJIOBKa
HJIIi

rOJIeHHI.IJ;e

22:10. 23:7).
OTHeCTil KOHCTPYK'-ITO COOTBeT-

Ulln

K HU3KHM

o rcyrc'raae (xnaccsi N9 1,4,5)

rOJIeHHIll,a

n03BOJUleT

IDU-:r BbICOKIiM

(roracc No 3, 7),

crsyer cxet-re E. 11. OSITeBOll

Ta6m1IJ,a

(OSITeBa,

1973. C. 105).

3.

MaCChI

Bepxa

(2n - 1).
PeaJlbHOCTb

8JIeMeHTj Knacc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

fOJIOBKa

Toncaume
0

3a,n;HHK

KJIacca

0
0

+ + + + +

1 1
0 0

1
0 1 0

0 1 1 1 1

1 1

06YBb

MOCKOBCKOC'1

3EMJlH

XlI-XVlll

BB.

K P e rr JI e H He (n6JI. K KOHCTPYKTHBHbIM
CTe)KKH, BMeCTO oTBepCT¥lH:, K rrpI1Mepy.

4).
aJIeMeHTaM KpeIIJIeHH.Si OTHOCJlTCJI 3aB.Si3Kll, aa-

.Si3hI'lOK li OTBepCTYI.Si.

Y OT,n;eJIbHbIX
B KO)Ke,

Mo,n;eJIeU B

xaxecrae nervra
K

KperrJIeHU.Si, (YUIKll). OHU,

rrpo,n;eJIaHHhIX

npI1MeHJlIOTC.Si canor

llCilOJIh30BaJIHCh lllRj'pKOB.

M.Si IIOi'l:B.Si3bIBaH¥lJI ITo

nosey (mIJI.

22: 11),
OT-

I1JIH ,n;Jl5I KpenJIeHI1.Si BepcTlleM,

cyrn, rrernn

.fIBJIJlIOTCJl YCJIO)KHeHHbIM

noaroxry Mbl He BbI,a:eJIJleM HX KaK OC06hlU aJIeMeHT. I10CKOJIbK)' Hll arnx 3JIeMeHTOB He 5IBJI.SieTC.Si OCHOBoli, KJIaCCbI KpeIIJIeHH.Si pacc'HITbIBaIOTC.Si TIO <}:>opMyJIe 2n~ 1. qUCJIO B03MO)KHhIX KOM6llHau,UM: paBHo 15. MaJIO BepO.fITHbI KOM6uHau,ull, BKJIIOqaIOlll)J:e O,n;HU oTBepCTU5I (xnacc 2), O,n;llH .fI3bI'lOK (roracc 8), 3aBJl3Kll + aasrsox (xzracc 9), OTBepCTI-m + 513bIqOK (xnacc 10). I13 nsrrnaznrarrr paC'leTHbIX KJIaCCOB OCTaeTC.Si ,D,BeHa):J;:u;aTb
O,ll;HH H3 peaJIbHblx:

1 3aB.Si3KI1 (HJIJI. 22:3, 5. 23:2). Krracc 3 3aB.Si3KI1 + oTBepCTI1.Si (IDIJI. 22:9. 23:4). Krracc 4 3aCTe)KKll (IIJIJI. 23:5). Krrace 5 3aBR3Kll + 3aCTe)KKI1 (HJIJI. 22:4). Krracc 6 oTBepCTI15I + 3aCTeKKH (HJlJI. 23:3, 10). Krracc 7 3aB.Si3Kll + oTBepcTwi + 3aCTe)KKll. Krracc 12 3aCTe)KKll + 5I3hI'lOK (UJIJI. 23:8). Knacc 13 3aB5I3KI1 + 3aCTe)KKI1 + 513bI'lOK Krracc 14 oTBepCTI1H + 3aCTe)KKH + .Si3bI'lOK. Krracc 15 3aB.fI3KI1 + oTBepcTmI + aacreacxn + .Si3bl'lOK (ruIJI. 24).
Krraee

Tafinnua 4. Knaccsr
3JIeMeHT/

KpeTIJIeHll51

(2n

1).
PeaJIbHOCTb

Knacc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

3aB513KI1

OTBepCTI1R

3aCTe)KKI1

5i3bl'lOK

KJlaeca

1 0 1 0 1
0

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0

0 0
0

0
0

0
0

1 0 1 0 1
0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0

1
1
0 0 1

12
13 14 15

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(JIy-

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1975. C. 6). JJ:o s'roro

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BbI,l(eJIKH CblPOMRTHO:H

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1991. C. 7).

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16 Tlp ouecc

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33

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XII-XVIII

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35

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1975. C. 258,307,330,355).

20

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(Apnuxoscxan, 1930. C. 102),

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K rrpasoa nonoruasr.

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I1IHBaJIaCb KpOl1JIaCb

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B rrepefnre.

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ro OBaJIa, co CJla6bIM npl1

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nO,l1;OIIlBa CKperIJI5IJIaCb TycpeJIb K nore rrpope-

nOMOIJ~H BbIBopoTHoro o6opa

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rrplIeMoB. paCKOITKax BO ,I1;BO-

TaKOH KOHCTPYKIlHll (IlIeJI5IITHHa,

HaH,I1;CHbI rrpll

1971_ C. 124) 11 B I{CHTPaJIbHOM ABope 3,11;aHI-Dl bIBiliero 6 Ceaara (TIaHoBa, 1994_ C_ 4) (IIJIJI. 37:1, 2). EII{c O)1;Ha TYCPJI5! 06HapY)KCHa npa pacKoHKax Huarroncrcori rrJIOII{a.llJ-I (TIaHoBa, 2001)_ AsTOphI OT'-IeTa OTHOC5IT HX K XlII-XIV BB. KOHCTPYKTJ.IBHO 6mr3KlIe MO,l1;eJIH 6bIJIH aacpmccnpoaaasr rrpn paCKonKax HllKOJlbCKOH YJI. B CJIoe BToporo ropll30HTa (rrep. nOJI.

XIII

B.).

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npW-IHHe

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nJIOXO

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(BeKCJICp, npn

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pacKOIIKax

2004_ C. 334).

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TYCPJI5I 3acpHKclipoBaH HHB .

B 3ap5I,I1;be (MI1rM. ,I1;HeHXOPOIIlO

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,.Uo HaIIlHX rpyrrrrbI

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ryCPJI5I H3 pacxorrox C.

Marneescxoe

II (Jla-rsnneaa,

1954.

48).

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BOCCTaHOBJIeHHbIH Tyra JIerKoii:

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K caMbIM npnnannexorr 06b5ICHI1Tb peB KpOll

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MO,l1;eJlH BCTpe'-laIOTCR (KOJI'-IliH HAP-,

40)

(KY30BKHHa,

1981- C. 108-109), 1993. C. 154, 156_

zrpeanepyccxnx BB. ryCPJlH B cnoe

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1962. C. 80-83), Topacxa 4), CMOJIeHCKa (110JIOHCKaJI, 1991BbIXO)J,5IT H3 yrrorperinenna. ryCPJIH. (I1.1IllI1X cpparMeHTbI) 3K3eMIIJI5!p B cnoe Hll3KOH. 06}'BH rrOJIOBHHhl IT pH. rrpaK(He cxn-

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If t(pyrHX

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nepsoir

XVII

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26

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XII-XVIII

BB.

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(HJIJI. 51). IT pOHOmeHHM,II;O

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BblCOKYIO 06YBb.

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B qaCTHOCTH, KOHu:a

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XVII

BR.

(Kypoa-ros 1995. C. 203. pMC. 10). Bo STOPOH "IeTBepnI XVIII B. B MO)..(y BXO,ll;RT Tyq:lJIll
6e3 3a)J;HMKa, T. H. «MYlIM» 11.3 pa31IHqHbIX npll (OT aarn. mules MaTepHaJIOB. paCKOI1KaX

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Ocarroa, 1999. C. 217-220).

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,ll,Be peKoHcTpYHPOBepxoM, CTeJIhKY C noCKOII1eHHOH )J;1IH.YCHJIC-

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n cyrnmaropoa 6bIJIH Ilap HaH,[(eIIbI (BeKCJICp,

48, 49). Hcnornn.re

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B 3,[(am-IH IJ,B3

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2005) (HJIJI.54).
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XVIII

B. 6bIJIa

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CJIO)f(HYIO Ha6opHYIO ,n;eTaJIeH B ee Ha60pe urrarpepxa II1HYpKH

H HH3KnH

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2001). OHa HMClIa Kpoxre OCHOBHbIX

nozmapnzr, CTeJIbKa HCIlOJIb30BaJIHCb H

MCnOJIb30SaJIHCb 3a}l;HHKa. B

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C ,lI,BY)J;eTaJIbHbIM aepxosr npH paCKonKax UB3

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XVIII

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(HJIJI. 52). B OTlIH'IHe

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f'OlIOBKa

3THX TY¢elIb

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C ,L(BYXCOCTaBHhIM BepXOM

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43

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XlI-XVII!

ne.

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IJ;B3 BCTbIK.

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,n;JI5I

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(HJIJI. 56).

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EaU.£AW1C.

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3TilM

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rro)J,pa3YMeBaeTC5I Mbnr~enKa Hrra

KOHCTPYKl.I,l15I, 3aKpbIBaIOII(a5I

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U ro.nem,

(JIO,lJ,bl)KKH) n UMeIOID;a5I cnepeJVI

pa3pe3

,IT,JI5I 6JIer'IeHH5I o

(3bI6uH,

1977. C. 12). B
B KOHu;e KaK II MHorrre

nllCbMeHHhIX

rrCTOQHI1Kax MHeHIHO

CJIOBO «6aIllMaK» aaasamre H3

BnepBbie ,nOH

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XV

B. ITo

<pHJIOJlOrOB, 6bIJIO

06YSII,

carroxorsre

TepMHHbI,

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(Baxpoc,

1959. C. 51).
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rrO,lJ,pa3yMeBaJIOCb

XV~XVII

BB. He1l3BeCTna»,

B «Onnen u;apcKoMY rlJIaTbIO ... » cOXpaHll.lIllCb CBe}.J.eHll51 0 6aIIlMaKax p51 Muxauna <t>e}.J.opOBll'Ia «... U.£um1J€X 30AOmO.M BOAO"ieHH1JI.M, CKo6u cejJe6pJ//lloL.
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cpparMeHTLI 6alUMaKa

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na YJI. PO)K}1;ecTBeHKa KaK 6epUbI

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2001). Bepx
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pacrrO.lIO)KCHHbIX

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XVIII

B. 6alUMaKH,

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(Pa-

6llHOBI1'I,

1988.

C.

176).

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narn-

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XVIII

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2001).
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C rOJICHllII(CM, llJIll

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nepC,[(Hero nnepnsre

1978. C. 12-13).
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r.)

(Lllaxsraroa, 1902). B p,OMOHrOJIbCKOe

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BCTpeQarOTCR fOpO%aHe

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UCJIble

~11KCl1pOBaHbI OHI1.I1MeJIH

(Pa6HHOBllQ,

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(mIJI.

124, 3).

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OT,[(eJIbHO BbIKPOCHHYIO noztonrsy

fOJIOBKY, M5Ir-

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59). Canorn
B p,pyrHx zrpea-

XII-XIII

BB. aHaJIOfHqHbI ropoztax:

no paCKUl1KaM

44

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(HJVI. 60).

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XII-XVIII

BB.

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aa KllTallCKI1X 11 nepnpopncoaxoa neraBbICOKaR TOBa-

(Llfaxnasse,

1985).
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no

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III,

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(llJIJI_ 74). Taxas

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110, 111). B :':ITOM cJIY'Iae

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(BeKCJIep, na

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nepeYJIKC 20016)

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XVIII

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aaocrpennsrii. Te.aeuo-maa xacrt, BbI,n:eJIeHa cJIa6o. (IDIJI. 139-143). KaK OTMeqaJIOCb asuue,
-racrn BIIIllBaJIC.H B crreunanr.asra Bblpe3 IIIBa H crroco6CTBOBaJIO aaanorrranoro (rUM. YKpeIlJIeHHlO

oKpyrJIaa: KO-

aaocrpeirnsra

3a,n:HllKa,

'ITO o6ecrre-

qUBaJIO pa3rpY3KY MeTUM,

n51.TOqHOrO y3JIa. OTrrpll paCKorrKax

'ITO nononmsr

KpO.H 3acpllKCI1pOBaHbl OT,l(eJI apXeOJIOrllll. IlO,n:OIllBbI UHB.

TIO,n:MOCKOBlIbIX KYpraHoB

N2 42436)_
U3 TOHKon rrpll KOIIOMOna

11 O,l(HOClIOnHble,
JKll TOlImllHOH IlI,ll BhIBopoTHoro He 60JIce

II COCTaBHble

ll3rOTOBJICHbI

MM_

BepxoM

nonourasr

CKpeIIJIIDIllCh rrpll

IIIBa_ HeCKOJIhKO

rroztome,

Hali,n:eHHblx B_, uMeroT no

pacKoIIKax

YlI.

Hm.mnca
nrsa

B CJIoe rrropofr H rrpuHa,n:lIe)KaT, BB. cpopMa

rrOJIOBMHbI

XlII

IIepHMeTpy

CJIeAhI

Ta'lHoro

rro-BI1AllMOMY,

K TyCPJI.HM_ OT.JIU'laJIaCb 60JIbIIIllM co=re-ranue ¢OpM pa3HO-

B XV-XVII
o6pa311cM, pei1Mbl II

KpO.H :7TllX zreranen pa3JIIIqnOC KaK

KOTopoe

ofiecrte=nraano

HOCKa, rrepaCKOTIOK,

rr51.TKll (nxn. cpOpMbl

156-184).

rrOKa3bIBaIOT

MaTepHaJIbI OHH

paarmnnsre BllCliMOCTli HUH

KpO.H IIO,ll;OllIB cocYIlI,eCTBOBaJIH. 3aKa3qHKa. TeM

He MeH5'!JIIICb B sana rrpOT51)Ke-

OT MO.nbI MJlU IIO)KCJIaHHH

He MeHee

XV-XVII BB_ MO)KHO BbI51BHTb HaM60JIee YCToil'lUBbIe ¢aCOHbI. BqaCTHOCTH, B XV - aaxane XVI BB. saocrpeunsni HOCOK IIO,n:OIlIBbI HeCKOJIbKO YAJII1H5'!eTC51,B CB5'!3U C MOAOfi aa 3arHyrble BBepx HOCbl (rum. 157)31_
TIo
JII1'lHbIX MaTeplIaJIaM KOJIJIeKUUH 3apHtI:h51 HaMlI npOBel1.eHa CTaTHCTllKa pa3cpOpM HOCKa IlOAOlllB_

Ta6JI_

4_

<PopMa

HOCKa nononrasr

r-----.HOCOK rrozioumsr

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Ilponerrr ]6,20 0,19 24,93

57,85

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1---------, BonI}'ThIH BblnyKJIbIH OCTpbIH
TIJIOCKHll

65
2

100 232
2

0,49 100

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401

31 TaKHM

nonoursau

COOTBeTCTSYJOT rOJIOBKH C BbIpe30M

B HOCO'rHOi1 qaCHL

53

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3£MJlIi

XII-XVIII

au.

rI1CTOrpaMMa

4.

<popMa

HOCKa noJt;OIlIBbI

(n

%)

0,49

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IE
0 57,85

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•
B XV-XVI
BB. Y nozronrs CI1JIbHO BapbI1pyeT pa3Mcpa pa3McpOB reJICHO"IHa5! ()KCHCKaH

pa3Mep

nepemna.

Y 06yBI1
Y
Ma-

60JlhlIlOrO JIeHhKI1X

'-IaCTb, KaK rrpaBHJIO, 06YBb) rrO)l,OIIIBbI

BbI,n:eJIeHa cJla6o.

CI1JIbHO He (lVIJI.

npO¢HJIHpOBaHI:>I. npensnuaer

BCTpe'IalOTCR HOCKI1 'IaCTh TaKI1X

rrO)l,OIIIBbI

I11I1pHHa

rrepeH:MLI mITKa

KOTOPblX BblTRHyra TeM

CM.

norroura aaocrpensr,
I1MCeT CI1MMCTPM'IHhIH

159).

OCHOBHa5!

nononrs

KpOH.

He MCHee,

Ha rrpOTR)KCHHll

XII-XVII na, rrpI1cyrcTByeT He3Ha'IMTCJIbHbIH rrpOlI,CHT noziours (HC 60JICC 1%) aCHMMCTpH'IHOrO Kpm!. Panee HaMI1 BbICKa3LIBaJIOCb rrpezmonoxccuae,
'-ITO 06YBL C aCI1MMCTPI1'IHhIMI1 IIJIOCKOCTorrHcM cnoero nOp;OIIIBaMI1 H3rOTaBJIMBaJIaCb 01l.HaKO ).l.JI51 JIlO)l,Crr,

crpaztarourax

(Ocnnon, 2003. C. 20). XVII CTOJICTll5I,

o6}'BHoro TCpMI1Hhl

3Ta BCPCH51 no-

xa HC rroJIY'II1JIa

IIO).l.TBep)KP;CHI151. Ra'IaJ.[C B CBH3H C pacnpocTpaHcIIllcM IlO,l(OlliBLI H30myrOH: aacpOpMbl. IIO-

B KOHlI,e XVI60pHhIX Ka6nyKoB,

rrOBceMeCTIIO

BCTpe'IaIOTC5I

conpCMCHHOH:

TepMI1HOJIOrI1H (06)'13h.

rrpOH3BO).l.CTBa OHI1 HMClryroTC5I H orrpC)~CJIeHH5I. Ka6.rryK, rrOKphIBa5I -racrrr (lVIJI. rOCT ero

)l,OllIBal\1M

«C KpoKYJIeM» rroztomsa

23251-83.
I1 OLI:Ta-

1983).

TaKa5!

orH6ana

Ha60pHbill B ero

cnepxy

HOBpeMCHHO

5IBJIHllCl, na60H:KOH acero

IIHTO'IIIOH

175). HOCKH

KHX IIO).l.OlIlB xaure

nsmyion.re, neperixa
B. pacrrpocTpaHHlOTol nozrouraasrn KP05I. MM.

CI1JIhIIO 3aY)KeHa, rrarxa IIO,ll,OlllBhI C TYIlblMH

oKpyrJIaR. HOCKaMM.

C
Hapazry
CJIOHHOll HMeCT

naxana

XVIII

C cHMMeTpn'IHbIMH aCI1MMeTpM'IHOrO

Ha'-IHHaCTC5I MaCCOBoe I13rOTOBJIeHbI

np0I13BO,ll,CT-

BO IIOLI:OlllB

OHH

M3 )KCCTKOH O,l(HO'IaCTb nortonra 'IaCTH

KO)l(H TOJlmHHOH

3-5

3TOT rrepnon xorna

OCHOBHaa

OrrTHMaJIbHYKl

IlpOCPUJIHpOBKY, llIllpHHbI

CpKeHHe

B reJIeHO'IHOH

COCTaBJIHeT 2/':1 MaKCHMaJIbHOH

Ka6J1,yK.
BCTpe'IaeTC5I

9TllMOJIOnm B ",ll,YXOBHOH

TIOPKCKI1M 3aMMCTBOBaHHeM

186-190). aroro CJIOBa CJIQ)KHa. Brrepsr.ie CJIOBO «Ka6JlYK» J];MMTpH5i I1BaHOBH"Ia» (1521 ron) I1 C'fllTaeTCR (ITOJIOHCKaR, 1991. C. 109).
(HJIJI. cymecTBOBaJIH znsa TMIla Ka6JIYKoB: T. II. BHyrnoaCPJIHH3 HeCKOJIbKHX Kococpe3aHHblx

Y
peHHHH:

cpemreaexoaoa Ka6JIYK (lIJIJI. na60pHhIH

06yBI1

204),

COCTORlll,Hll

KJIa,n;OK, II KOB32

Ka6nyK,

co6paHHhIH

113 OTL(eJIMIO

nsncpoemrsrx

(HJIJI.

199-200).

BHJTpeHH.l1H:

Ka6JIYK

11CrrOJIh30BanC5I

C cepep;11Hbl

32 <Pm'lK - TIJlaCTI:IHa nOJIYKpy,JlOH

IVII1 non:yOBaJIbHoi1

CPOpMbI,

BXO,UHIl\aJI B coc'ras

54

Ha6opHoro

Ka6n:yKa.

III.

KO)KAHA5I

OGYBb

XII-XVIII

e.

XIV XVI xa

~,L1;O
sexa.

KOHu,a Ty

XVI

B. Ha60pHbIll

Ka6JIYK

paCrrpOCTpaH5:leTC5l paCKOrrOK

C CepC,L1;l1Hbi CeBCKa6JIYJIll-

)Ke ,L1;aTY rrO,L1;TBCp)K,L1;aIOT MaTepl1aJIbI

B ropo,r(ax

pO-3ana,ll,a

POCCI1I1.

A. B. Kypoaroa

CB5:l3blBaeT

rr05:lBJICHl1C

Ha6opHOrO

C 06111en

TCH,L1;eHl~l1CH. «CBpOrrCI13aIJ,llll»

Poccnn,

HaQaBIIICik5:l

nOCJIe

BOHCKOH. BOH.HbI Ka6JIYKll me, HHe CKHX qeM MOrJIa

(Kypoaroa,

npl·rihl1

IT C BOCTOKa,

1995. C. 202). OAHaKo, na Ham B3rJI5:l,n:, MO,L1;a na rne Ka6JIfKH n05IBJI5:lIOTC5:l rOpa3,L1;O paHb11306pa%.cB MOCKOBKa6JIYKoB C

B Espone. TaK, na nepCIT.ll.CKITX IT TypCU,KllX MllHHaTIOpax aaoopnoro Ka6JIYKa 113BeCTHo C XIII B. (jafvert, 1938. S. 51). KOJIJIeKI.I,ll5:lX llMeeTC5I He60JIhllIOe KOJIll'ICCTBO ITo Ha60pHbIX

TpeyrOJIbHhiM rrpHCM 6MB

BblPC30M

BHyrpH

(UJIJI. 202).

MHCHlllO

IO.

IT. 3bI6HHa

STOT (3hI-

llCrrOJIb30BaJIC5:l,IT,JI5I llCKYCCTBCHHoro

YBCJIHQeHM5:l 06bCMa,L1;CTaJIM

1952. C. 37, 38). XVII B. B MOCKBC OTMC'ICH CTpeMI1TeJIbHbIH POCT Ka6JIfKa. Cy,L1;5I rro CBl1.ll.CTCJIbCTBY A. OJICapH5:l, B Tpl1,l:(u;aThle r-ozrsr XVII CTOJICTlI5:l BbICOTa Ka6JIYKa ,n:OCTHraeT 'ICTBepTH JIOKT5:l! (OKOJIO 10 CM) (OJICapHll, 1906. C. 176). 9TH CBC,L1;CHM5I rro,n:TBcp)K)l:acT H apxeonor-a-recxaa MaTCpllaJI. B CJIoe XVII B. Heo,n:lIOKpaTHO CPl1KCHPOBaJIHCb naoopm.re Ka6JIYKll BbICOTon 6-7 eM (IDIJI. 203). CaMbill BhICOKHll Ha6opHhIH. Ka6JIYK 6blJI HanAcH B 3ap5:l,l(bC (rHM. Ormcr, 1817 NQ1048). Ero BhlCOTa COCTaBJI.!IeT 7,5 CM, nprr'ICM Ka6JIYK
n np. C Ha'IaJIa COXpaHl1JIC5l BbIIIIe erne tre KaK ua BCIO BbrCOTY. na CYA5:l no eM. BhIcTyrraIOII.I,HM caMOM KOHu;e urrrenrsxai«, on 6bIJI MIIIII1MYM KOTOPblX

1,5

XVII

B. rr05IBJI.!IIOTC5l rrOJIOCKOH eaponenB.

Ka6JIyKH, KO)Kll.

OCHOBa

113l'OTOBJICHa

113 ,n:cpcBa,

06T5Iuyroro

IIPI1Ql'IHY

HX n05:lBJICHH5:l MO)KHO YCMOTPCTb Ka6JIYKll

B KorrllpOBaHlill rrOJI.

CKOH: 06YSH,

rzte TaKHC

nO.!IBJI5IlOTC5l BO BTOp.

XVI

(Kypriaro

a,

1997. C. 27).
,lJ;JI.!I 06YSH, paKTcpHbI pacnpOCTpaHJ.1BIIlCHC5:l KaK nOCJIe rrCTpOBCKllX Ka6JIYKa pC¢OpM, nexaBbICOKI1C Ka6lIYKll. npaBllJIO, BbICOTa He npCBhIIIlaJIa 11 xoxcansre Ha-

3-3,5
60pHbie CKOll Hhle

CM.

B Ha'Ian:c
Ka6JIyKH

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llCpHO.ll.a

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(06T5[)KHble) no

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rrpllHap;JIe)KHOCTH

K MY)K,lJ;epeB.!IHHMeJIll,

(xoacansre) Ka6JIYKH,

(ztepeasrmn.re) K )KeHCKIiM

o6yBll

(IUIJI. 205-207).
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rrpl1Ha.n;JIe)Kalll11C Ka6JIYKa ro

MOACJI5:lM, KaK rrpaBMJIO,

cxourearryro
<PopMa cppOHTaJIbHa5I TOBaH 60JIee

cpoPMY

(T. H. cppaHu,Y3cKllH Ka6JIYKa TaIOKC

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qaCTb

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, 'ITO

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(XN

B.) Y canol'

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cnocori-

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H BJIarOHerrpOHHI.I,aeMOCTll.

55

OEYBb

MOCKOBCKO(1

3EMJlIi

XII-XVIII

BB_

[Joa1lapJta_ B XIV-XVII
BeCTHbI llJIl1 no,nHapR,ll,bI

BB_ no,n:HapH,IJ; l1MeJIl1 nornn.te -

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113-

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BhIKpocHHble -racrs.

BOO rOJIOBK)' BhI-

neno.nnste, non

BbIKpOCHHbIC BCCb rrepe,n (HlIJI.

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(rOJIOBKY),

B CBOID OqCPC,nb,

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IJ,CJIhHO-

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97-98)_
OTMeqCHhI rOJIeHl1IIl,a, I1MCBIlIHC CJIC,IJ;bl

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nO,lJ;HapH,n:oB aa

(MHTM.
Ham

OT,n:CJI apxeOJIOrmL IlIBa aa

Has. No 23932/394, 23933/395)_

BH)"I'PCHHCiI Bepxa qaCTl1 rOJICHl-UQa MaprOJICHHIIl,a, a HC KpCrrJICHHe

B3rJIH,IJ;, cnezna

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06YBI1, CTpaHHIOTC5I TOp 11T.,D:-

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neraneit

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3TO BpCMH pacrrpopaHT, cyrnma-

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Cmeuoca: Y
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06ynH,

113rOTOBJICHHOH Bepxa

no

3aT5I:lKHoiI

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OCHOBKOI1pH

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c noziouraori rroaomao

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ii CTCJIbKa

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Ha BHYTpeHIlciI

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nannoeaponencxon

BH

MO,n:CJIHPOBI(H (Kyptiaroa, 1997_ c_ 72). B1iympe1iH.R.5l cme.n:'blW_ rrpaKTH~IcCKll BCC Hail,D:CHHhIC HaMH MO,n:CJIlf 06yXVIII B. UMCIOT JIy65!H}'10 UJIH KO)KaHYIO nJIaCTHHY (T_ H. BHYTPCHHIOIO npOJIO)KCHH}'ID (:UJIJI. MC)I(,lI:f BCpxHCi1 CTCJIbKOi1 H nO,ll,OIlIBOH BHYTpcHHei1 rro BCCii: TIJIO-

CTCllbKY), uranrr

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192, 198,4) _HaJIHqMC

:lKCCTKOCTH sceii

CTeJIbKl1 cnocoficraoce H3HOCO-

BaJIO nOBbIlilCHHIO YCTOH:ql1BOCTb.

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ii,

113HOCOycTOUQHnOCTb cTpaHax (Goubitz, 3arra,ll,HOll

U PCMoHTonpHro,n;HocTh

210).

B XII
aexa

Enporrsr paHToBbIC KOHcTpYKLl,nH OTMeQCHbI C 1984_ fig. 3, 4). Cperm MOCKOBCKOll 06ynl1 OT,n;CJIbHbIe Mo,n:epaHToBoro umpoKoro KpenJIeHHJI 6bIllH 3acpl1KCnpOBaHbI OHll He rro~aIDT. B CJIORX pacnpocTpaHCHHJl

JIH C npHMeHcHHcM

XVI-XVII

BB., ozraaxo

B CJIOe
11 rOJIOB)KC

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B CCQCHllH rrpH

(HJIJI. 69). Taxne

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C rOJICHl1Il1,CM_ 0HH

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Y,n;JIHHCHUYIO rrOJIOqocotienno y Ka6JI)'Q3Ta np06JIe-

icy,

CJI}QKHBuryID AJI5I 8'T00)fCC ue.mr BpeMH

(IUIJI. 213).

HbIX MO,n;CJICH, ztoxroe

He I1MCBIlICi1: )KCCTKOCTl1 B reneaxe,

[II.

KO)l(AHA51

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XII-XVIII

ee.

lVla 6bIlIa

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(lIJIJI. 211).

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XVIII

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B Mocxne Hall,ll,eHbI urradiepxn B OTJIMT.IMe OT orracannoro

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MaTepHaJJ.oB, HOCHMoe

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Bll «H3,n;eJIHe H3 KO:lKH HJIM ,n;pyrllx

aa Borax»

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1.

KOJICe6e7i7iOe c'btpoe
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1971. C. 124),

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KOHCTpyupoBaHll5I xaior, 06YBI1. BMeCTO nc,1l)UI

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na T. H. OCHOB3aT51)K-

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nem eucuompesu.

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(O.lIeapI1H,

1906. C. 207).

3.

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HeCMOTp.fl na xac'roe pacKorrKax ynoxumanue ll,BeTHOH 06yBlf B rrHCbMeHHbIX 9'1'0 HC, rrpll OHa TIpaKTH'leCKH He BCTpeQaeTC5I. MO)KHO

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BB.

KHH:, 1928. npHMepHo ca¢MIHa npll

C.

47). ECJIH OObI"lHble canon1 (MeJIbHHKOBa,

B rrepaoii 1990. C.

'-JeTBepTH XVI

B. CTOHJUI

25~50 xonecx
60raTbIX

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pacKoIlKax

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(Il.Ienartaaa,

1966).

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'-ITO B ,lI;pynrx

TaK)Ke HeBeJIHKO (I131oMoBa,

Hoaropozr, 1959. C. 194).

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KH xpacnoro

B CJIoe ITJIO'1'HO cnpeccoaannon

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rrpH paCKOITKax carrmKHOH: MaCTepCKOH: na YJI. Tlpe-nrcren-

OCHITOB, 19996.

C.

145).

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1952). KpaCHTeJIH (nopse

,ll;Jll!

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H JIHCThH), TaK H MHHepaJIbHble JIH'-IHble OTTeHKH KpacHoro

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)\JI5IKOpIiqHeBOrO

30 sanacs HBOBaH Kopa. ,ZLJDI nOJIY'leHHJ.! 3CJIeHOrO UBe'1'arrpHMemIJIC5I KynOpOC, CMemaHHbIH: C HaCToeM H3 KOpH1! 6ap6aplica .ll:JI1! xa-recrnemroro KOTOPbIC 3aKynarrHcb HbIX opeIIlKoB 1992. oKpaca (IToBapHHH, 1912.

C.

75) .

Tpe6oBaJII1.Cb

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B 60JIbJIIHX KOJIH'IeCTBaX B cTpaHax

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rra Ka)K,o;yIOKO}KY HY)I(IIO ObIJIO YIToTpe6HTb

C.

281).

l(.lm

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(06bIKHOBeHHl>Te, ,,6ypCKHe» H «HeMeI.I,KMe»), xo'ropr.re ,lI;oporo.

TaK)Ke CTOHJIH oxerrs

4.
ro

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1.

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B CJIOHX XlI-XVI

BB. ll,eJIaJJ. T)'CPJI1!C TaKHM opHaMeHToM, IIaJIaTbI (IlleJI5IITHHa,

6bIJIa HaH.,o;eHa np11 paCKOITKaX BO ,lI;BOpe 0pY)l(eUHOn 1971.

C. 124. 221).

PHC. 29). BblIIIHBKa 3aBHTKH,

B BH,o;eAopmKKH, no

OT KOTOPOH OTXOA5IT BOnpO,ll;OJIbHOH OCPl HOCKa Y T)'cpeJIb H3

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TBepcKoH (I13IOMoBa,

C.

221),

na Mo,o;eJIJIX H3

Honropona

C.

159),

CMOJIeHCKa (I10JIOHCKa5I, 1991.

C.

109). B31!Ta1! sa pa3JIJ1tIaIOIIlHX-

OCHOBYpaCIllHBHa5l ):(0pO)l(Ka HMeJIa MHO)KeCTBO BapHaIlToB,

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AO CepeAl1Hbl zreranax

XII-XIII BB., XOT.fI OT,lI;eJIbIIhle MOj\eJIl1 XIV B. (Tlonoaa, 2001. C. 221).

BCTpe"laeTC5I j\OBOJIbRO pacKonKax J1 rOJIOBKl1, J1 rOJICHJ1w;a.

TarWH

BbIIllHBKa

pe)JJ<O. KaK B 3ap5I,lI;be YKpaliIeHcaB.

npaBHJIO,

OHa YKpaIllaJIa rr. 6hIJIH

rOJIOBKM

Ilpn

1953-1956
nO)KHa5I

Han.ll.eHbl 0pHaMcHToM

cpparMeHTbl

l'OJICHHma

HbIC paCTl1TeJIbHbIM rOJIOBKa

(mill. 225, 228).

"TPI1JIl1CTHHKOM",

OTT)')J.a)Ke Han.n,eRHaH

rrpOI1Cxo)J,HT B CJIoe

C BbIIIlJ1TbIM

XVI

(,ll;y6bIHIiH,

1955. Pnc. 41,8).

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2.
,ueHHoH

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ucnoanotnsi;

npoTllBOflOCTaBJI.HeT

CKOMY M)l)Kl1Ky KaJl)')I(CIWf'O

ofipo-raoro

r<pecTb5!Hl1Ha:

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ustieuxax, xooum. na 6apUJ,u1iY, mOpZOB./I,eUne sascuscaemcst, ecm xMY:J!cC1(,tdi o6pCfl.l,1ibtii MYJICUX o6urnaem
B

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xooum B caJIllIllh no

nozax» (Tvprenes,
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0 TOM, 'ITO Aa)Ke AJIH aaH Ha,n:eBaJIHCb

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cotinasnumem;

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(MaMHH-CH6HP5IK, ECJII1 B 1678 TO rrapy 1953. C. 484). canoru

cuscnamueii, ica« uueuno

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XVIII

B. XO,n:UJIH B C. 206), .npy-

(Kypoaroa,
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225-231:

I'POMOB, na

1977.

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C. 22).

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(WIJI. 284),
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B cI>HHJI.IIHAH11, HOlliCHHe

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C. 54).

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BB. 11X KOJIll'IeCTBO

MH.

OT ll3,L(eJIllM ll3 KO)l(H, )KeJIC3Hhle

nO,L(KoBKH 60JIce HeCMOTpn HaxO'[(OK,nO

i'J:OJIrOBe'IHbI

II XOPOUIO COXpaR}IIOTC.lI B CYXOM rrYHTC. pacnpOCTpaHeHllC, 3Ta KaTerOplUI

TCM He MeHec,

aa

IIIllpOKoe nop He

apXCOllOrlI'IeCKHX

cnx

40

,n:o

XVIII

nerca He cyutecraosano

KOHCTPYKTHBHOrO pa3JIWH:UI )l{eHCKO» H MP(CKOH

06YIH-!. 41 fIOJIb3YJICb CJIyqaeM, aBTOp BblpaJKaeT HCKpeHHlO1O 6JIaro.n;apHOCTb HOM aa B03MO)!{HOCTb 03HaKOMHThCH C KO)])IeKUI1}!MH TOSKe aroro M'UepHaJIa.

T. C.

Anenm-

11aKTI1BHYIO nOMOIIIl> B nonro-

42 DOJIb3Y51CbCJI)'''laeM, XO"l:[y no6JlarO,ll,apHTbA. aT}' Hl-[¢OpMal~HIO.

B. Kyp6aTOBa,

npel1.0CTaRl-{Blllel~O

MHe 75

Or;YBb

MOCKOBCKOH

3EMJlH

XII-XV!!!

BB.

npI1BlJeKaJIa

Crre~I1aJIbHOrO

BHI1MaHJ.15f HCCJIeJ(OBaTeJIeit. B pafio'rax no

KaK

nonymsra
06YBHoro

MaTe-

PHaJI, nO)l;KOBKll

paCCMaTpHBaJIHCb

H3)"IeHHIO (KOJI'lHH,

nporra-

1959, C. 7-121) H )KeJIe3006pa6aTbIBaIOllJ,ero peMeCJIa (HUKHTHH, 1971. C. 42). Hx nO.!IBJIeHHe He HMeeT TO'-IHOH )l;aTI1pOBKH. O)l;Hlf HCCJre,lJ;OBaTeJIlf OTHOCHT ero K XN B. (1I3IOMoBa, 1959. C. 214), npyrne - K cepenase XVI B. (Kypriaroa, 1997). B MOCKOBCKI1X KOJrJIeK~Il.HX, 06YBHble nO,ll;KOBKM He BCTpe'laI01'CH B CJIORX panee XVI B. B MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIX l1y6JlI1KaUHHX apxeonornvecxax KOJIBO)l;CTBa (lI3lOMoBa, C. KY3HeQHorO JIeKUHH ,lI;pyrllX 6e3 ,lI;peBHepYCCKllX pa3)l;eJIeHU.!I nx roponos paazm-nrr.re CPOPMbI nO,ll,KOBOK ynorpyrrnaM (raH):(}'KoB, MHHalOTCR ITO XpOHOJIOrH'leCKllM

1959.

192-222),

1992,

JIa6yrllHa,

1967).
npeMeHH KOJIllqeC1'BO rrO,lJ;KOBOK 3Ha'lH1'eJIbHO npOCJIe,ll;I1B naxonox aa B03POCxapaKrrpOT5:!31'OT MaTepHM, apXeOJIOrIf'-IeCKllX

K
JIO, 'ITO -repnsre JKeHIfil

nacromucray

IT03BOJI.He1' CllCTeMaTll3HponaTb lf3MeHeHDJI 31'OH KaTeropHH

XVI-XIX Baaori M.H

)l;BOpe

BB. HCCJre,ll;OBaHIfR nOCJIY*IfJIll u.eUTpa KOJIJIeKIJ,I1I1, coopamrsre HJIhI1HKa, EO Bpe-

WI paCKorrOK rOCTllHOM HaMil

lfCTOpUqeCKOrO

na yJIHIJ,aX Ap6aT, 06llJ,aR e.n;IfHHl.(.

rra CTapOM cocpannsrx

H MaHe)KHOH:

nnoutarnr.

QHCJIeHHOCTb

06yBHLIX

nO,ll;KOBOK COCTaBJIfleT orrncamre KOJIqllHa

165

Brrepnsre
B pafio're JIliKoro» JIeHliR 3HaK,

il CliCTeMaTli3al.(I1R

rrO,l(KOBOK 6bIJIa peMeCJIO

npe,l(CTaBJIeHa HOBrOpO,l(a Be-

B. A.

«)KeJIe3006pa6aTbIBalOrn:ee

(KOJIqI1H,

1959. C. 110),
BbIJ(eJIllJI

rrre I1CCJIe.n;OBaTeJIb BbI,lI;eJII1JI J(Ba Tl1I1a KpenI1 na rB03J(HX. THII 06yBHbIX IIcnoJIb3Y.H 3TOT )[{e rrpI1-

nO,l(KOBKI1 K Ka6JIyKy:

Ha urnrrax TpeTHH

A. B.

HI1KIfTHH cIIoco60M ace

no.n;KOBOK c ({KOM6uHIf-

pOBamlbIM» TaKHM

KpenJIeHWI no.n;KOBKH 6bIJIH

nJIaCTI1HhI paszrene.asr

(HliKHTI1H, no cnoco6y

1971. C. 42).
KpenJIeHH.H Ha

06pa30M,

TpI1 rpyrrnbI:

1. Bpeaasre (na Illl1uax).

2.

KOM6I1HI1pOSaHHble.

3. Ha6usHble (aa rB03.n;.Hx). B TI1nOJIOrI1H O. H. )JeBKO BMeCTe

C.HTaK)Ke BblCOTa KO,

co

cnocotiov 6bI

KpeIIJIeHH.H caMoH

)"'IHTbIBaeT-

I1 TOJIlI~I1Ha IIO.n;KOBKH, T. e. pa3Mep .n;aHH0l1: patio-re MbI X01'eJIH

nJIaCTJ.-IHbI (JIeBpa3JII1QHbIe paccMoTpenJIaCTI1Hbl H

1984. C. 48). B

conocraaarr,

rrpI13HaKH, Hl1li

BbI,lJ;eJIeHHble

npeAbrAy[!~HMH ,lI;Be rpyrrrrbl

HCCJIe,l(OBaTeJI.HMI1. I1pI1 npH3HaKOB: pa3MepbI

nO,l(KOBOK MbI yqHTbIBaJIli ee KperIJIeHI15I

cnocof
Thlpe

K Ka6JIYKY. BblCOTa H IlIIfpm'Ia l1JIaCTI1HbI,

B Ta6JIHIJ,e 2 conocraanensr
B03MO:lKHbIX aapnarrra:

zraromae

qe-

1.

ITJIaCTI-ma I1JIaCTI1Ha TIJIaCTI1Ha

BbICOKaR H Y3KaR BbICOKaR li Hli3KaR HH3KaR sapHaHTe (rum.

2.

(lIJIJI. 301). IIIMPOKaR (mill. 305).

cpopMa HaM He H3BecTHa). (HJIJI.

3.

li yaKaR (TaKaR H IIIHPOKaR

4. I1JIaCTHHa B qeTBepToM
HOll

309).
rrO,!1;KOBKIf KaK C OCTpOKOHeq(IDVI.

MO)KHO BbIAeJIHTb

3a.n;Herr KPOMKOH

304),

TaK 11 6e3 nee

302).
110 pa3MepaM co B03MOJKHbIX BapHaHToB QeTblpe

B
CIIoc060M

Ta6m·Il.(e

zraua

lCUppeJI.Hn:1u1 rpyrrrr, Hanll-IX MaTePHaJIax

BbmeJIeHHbIX H3

KperweHHH.

18

IIpe.n;cTaBJIeHO rpynnhI, 'rorna

8. Bpesasre
KaK Ha6HBHble arux

nO,lJ;KOBKI1 HaI160Jree H KOM6llHI1pOSaHHble

pa3H006pa3HbI: no ztae.

PacnOJIOJKeHlle rr03BOJI.HeT BbICTPOllTb

rpyIm

B XpOHOJIOrUqeCKOH cxeMY:

rrOCJIe,.o:OBaTeJIbHOCTI1

cnenyiouryro

V I.

H H <I> 0 l' M A 1.( I"l

H H bl E B 0 3 M 0 )!( HOC T VI 0 [; Y B H bl)(

K 0 11 Jl E K 1I Ii tl

npeansre nO).J:KOBKH. KOM6HHHpOBaHHbIe IIJIaCTl"IHbI no;:ryqaIOT pacnpocTpaHeHl1e B XVII B. IT zro.nroe BpeMH cocyw;ecTBYIOT C npe3HbIMH IIO,l(KOEKaMH. B CJIoe BTOpOM IIOJIOBI1HbI XVII B. Bpe3HhIe rrOjJ;KOBKH BCTpeqalOTC5! ,ll"OBOJIbHO penxo, yCTyrraJI rr03HIJ;I1U KOM611HHponaHHMM. B rOpU3GHTax KOHL~a XVII ~ uanana XVIn BB. Bpe3Hble nonKOBKH OTCyrCTByrOT BOBce. Ilpouecc BbITeCHeHll5! onaoro Tuna ,[(pyrWM MO)f(CJI05!X B. npHcyrcTBpoT JIHilib HG rrpOCJIe,l(WTb

XVI

na

IIpHMepe

ICOJIJIeKqMuI13 B. (EeJIOB

paCKOilOK

Manraaen,
C.

c06paIlHOH 06-

B CJIoe BTOPOH nOJIOBWHbI rqeH IIIeH QHCJIeHHOCTbIO coxpaHHocTH,

XVII

H.D:p.,

1981.

50). B KOJIJIeKqrm

81

IIIT.,

H3 KOTOPhIX

Bpe3Hble

IIO.D:KOBKI1 COCTaBJI.lIIOT

pOBaHHbIe

70 % (47 IlIT.) , a Ha6HBHbIe B Mocxse Ha611BHble nO,l(KOBKM,

II.lIO~a.n:H, lUHPOKOH

67 aK3eMIIJI.lIpOB HaXO).J:.lITC.lIB xopo25 % (17 IIIT.) , KOM6UHI14,4 % (3 IIIT.).

MaTepIfaJIbI pacKoIIoK JIHilib B CJIoe

KaK nOKa3bIBaIOT

rra

MaHemIIOH

3acpHKcnpoBaHbI

naxana XVIII
KpaaMI1

B. OHH

I1MeIOT Bll.lJ: lIJIOCKOll CTH5IMH

nzracrmn.r

co cKpyr.IIeHHblMH

If oTBep-

nozt rB03,[(H. B naureir

KOJIJIeKLI;I1I1HMeerUI ,[(0

TOJIhKO O,[(Ha TaKaH nO.D:KOBKa. BpeMeHH n BhIXOMT 113

Hatinansre
yrroTpe6JIeHI15I

nO.D:KOBKI1 ,UO)KllBaIOT

.III1IIIb B nOCJIe,[(HHe 06)'BIIOH

nanrero ,[(e01TI1JIeTH5I XX

B. 3TO CB5l3aHO C H3MeHeKaK HCIIOJIh30BaHlle ,[(orrOJIHrITeJIh,l.l,eJIa-

HH5fMH B TeXHOJIOrHH BbICOKOIIPO'IHhIX

IIpOMblIIIJIeHHOCTH, MaTepl1aJIOB,

TaKHX

CUHTeTUqeCKHX

He Tpe6yroIlJ,ux o6-beM

noro

YKpeII.lIeHH5!

nonornasr. R
3a6bITO

H3CToH~ee

RpeMH

rrp0I13Bo,l.l,CTBa

e'r per-rorrr
HbIX Ha60eK

06YBl1 <:lKOHOMHL(eCKH HeBhrro).J:HbIM,

MaCCOBOC rrpOH3Bo).J:CTBO 06yBHa60eK

ztasrro

(sa

HCKJIIOQeHHeM

na

runI1.IIhKU). cpOpMbI caMoH

Tenepi, MbI CTI1Hbl. Bpeansre

TpeM.lI rpYIlIIaMU U HH3KOH HOB3HUH

XOTeJIH

6b1 OCTaHOBI1TbC5!

na

pa3BI1TIU1

nrra-

II O,[(KOBKI1, 06HapY)KeHHhIe ITJIaCTUH: BbICOKOH ~ Y3KOH

B c.lIoe (cK06a),

XVI

B., npe,[(CTaBJIeHhI

BbICOICOH -- IlIHPOKOH 60JIec TeM paHHIOIO He MeHee

HlUpOKOH.

BhI,[(eJIHTb

U3 clTHX ,[(Byx rpyrrrr

na

oc-

I1MeIOIlJ,erOC5I y Hac MaTepliaJIa

MbI He MomCM_

BbICO-

xas

H Y3Ka5! IIJIaCTHH3 Ha6uBHbIX

o rcyrc'rnye-r
Bpe3HOH

il

cpezm KOM6I1HIfpOnaIIHbIX
CYilIeCTBYCT

ll, TCM 60.IIee,

cpena

ITO,UKOBOK. 3aTO

nmpoxo

paCIlpOCTpaHeIIHag U TIJIOCKOH ITO OT-

«IIepeXO,[(HaB:» HOllICHI1IO

cpopMa

TIO,UKOBKI1, 60JIee IIJIaCTllHe.

IIIllPOKOH

K Y3KOH 11BbICOKOll rrepBOM

B
Mil

rOpI130HTax

IIOJIOBIIHLI HI13KOH:

XVII

B. BMeCTe C KOM6uHl1pOBaHHbIBCTpeqalOTCB: Bpe3Hhle IIO,l(-

rrO,l.l,KOBKaMI1 C nnrpoxori,

nnac-rmron

KOBKI1 C TaKOH

)I{e IlJIaCTI1HOH.

Hlrrpoxne

11 BbICOKI1e

rrO,[(KOBKU,

I1MeIO~He

xaanparrroe

ce-renne,

OTHOC5ITCB: K pe,n;KHM pa3HOBH).J:HOCT5IM rr03,n;HHX cpOpM, nOJI. Ta-

ofinapyxcennsrx B ropnaorrrax K. XVIII-XIX BB. B Mocxne B CJIOHX nep. XVII B. HaM,lJ,ena JIHilib O,[(Ha Bpe3Ha5! nO,[(KOBKa C IIo).J:06HOH rrJIaCTI1HoH.
KUM o6pa30M, KOBKll, aa llCKJIIOlJeHl1eM pe,[(Koro Bapl1aHTa IlIHPOKOH Mhl na6.JIIO,L(aeM npou:ecc pacnpocTpaHeHHoro napnaara IIJIaCTHHbI: YHHltJI1Kau:ull, BapI1aHTa KOTOPbIH IIPUBO,[(llT

II BhICOKOH nozK rocnonIIO,UKOBKU H1l3IIJIa-

CTBY oznroro HMeIOT TpM

(llJIJI. 308). Bpeaasre

HI13KaH

BbICOKyro-Y3KYIO,

BhICOK)'IO-ilillpOKyro, IIIUPOKaH

KYIO-IlIHPOKYIO.

,n:JIH KOM6:VlHHpoBaHHhlx

HCIIOJIb3YCTCH

CTI1Ha, OHa )Ke rrpHMeH5IeTC5I,1l,JIB: H3rOTOBJIeHH.H phI KOTOPbIX co BpeMeHeM )'1\1eHbllIaIOTCH. JIllIIIh

Ha6uBHbIX

rro,n:KOBOK, pa3Mesee 60JIee npeofizra-

B ,1l,aJIhHeHIIIeM
MaTepllaJI

,UaIOT nO,1l,KOBKH, 3aKpbIBaIOliIlle C06paHHbIll )KHTh 33TeM B HallIHX

3a,[(HIOIO qaCTh

Ka6JIYKa. II03BO.II5IeT Bpe3Hble rrJIaCTI1H, npe)l;noJIoIIO,L(KOBKI1, KOTophIe

KOJIJIeKQU.HX

CJIe,n;yIOIqyro cxeMY: Ha'lHHaeTCR

BHa'IaJIC

H3rOTODJIHJIUCb

JIHIIIb

I1CIIOJlb30BaHI1e

KOM6HHHPOB31IHhIX BbITeCI-IR.lI HX.

cocyru;ecTBYIOT

C Rpe3HbIMu,

IIOCTerreHHO

11 JUUllb

3aTCM nOHB-

JDIIOTC5I Ha611BHble

nO,l.l,KOBKH.

77

OE>YBb

MOCKOBCKOH

3EMJlJ.1

XII-XVIII

na.

HCnO.lIb30BaHHe HMyrn.eCTBa: BO-nepBbIX,

Ha6HBHbIX

nO.n.KOBOK ooecnevnsaer

C.lIe!1.YIO~He

npe-

YHHBepCaJIbHOCTb.

Ha60llKH

na

3a.n.HIOIO QaCTb

Ka6JIYKa H

rrO.n.XO)J,5lTKaK Ha IIIHPOKHIT,

TaK H na Y3KHIT Ka6JIyK.

ITO.n.XOAHT OHH TaIQKe

)JjlH HOCOQHOH QaCTH nO,n:OIIIBbI. BO-BTOPbIX, cjJOpM, CBH3aHHbIX YHmpHKau,llH rrpOH3BO.n.CTBa. Ka6JIYKaMH, ilIHpOKOe nocrenenao neztaanero pa3H006pa3He CBO.n.HTCH K BpeMeHH.

C OIIpeAe.lIeHHbIMH cjJOpMe,

e.n.HHOH YHHBepCaJIbHOH B-rpeTbHX, MH llMe!OT 6o.lIee

HCIIO.lIb3yeMOll.n.0

y.n.06CTBO H3fOTOB.lIeHHH. rrpocTylO CPOPMY· KperrJIeHHH.

IT.lIOCKHe

IIO.n.KOBKH C OTBepCTlf5I-

n-qeTBepTbIX, He Hy:tKHO Bpe3aTb B-n51TbIX, lOT .n.JlHcsoero

y.n.06CTBO

Ha611BHble,

IIJIOCKHe

I1JIaCTll.Hbl

B TOJlnzy Ka6JI}'Ka. He60JIbllIHe MeTaJIJIa. MaTepHaJI TIOHHTb rr03BOJI.HeT HaM pacIIJIOCKHe Ha60llKH Tpe6y-

aKOHOMHH MaTepmlJIa. H3fOTOBJIeHHH MeHbllIC

ITpe,n:CTaBJIeHHbIH CMaTpI--lBaTb

rro.n.o6HbIM

06pa30M

BeI.Qb B npou,ecce

ee pa3BllTHH. qeTKHe

xapaKTep Me)l{)l)'

H 3aKOHOMeppa3JIHqHbIMH MaTepHaH3MeHeperrepOM

HOCTH <:lTOfO npouecca, IIpll3HaKaMH, JIOB, a TaIOKe na ocnoae

YCTaHOBHTb KOTOPbIX

Pa3JIHQHH

rrpOBOAHTC51

CHCTeMaTH3anm'I

OIIpe.n.eJIHTb

He06paTHMhle 5lBJIRIOTGI

(MaKp0<:lBOJlIOlJ,HOHHbIe) KaK 6bI XPOHOJIOfHqeCKHM

HllH cjJOpMbI Ha6oeK, MH csoero nepHo.n.a.

xo'ropnre

XOTeJIOCb ce6e,

6bI eme

pa3 OTMeTHTb, 06YBll,

'ITO IIO)~KOBKll

cym;eCTBYIOT He caMH no llOAKOBOK HOBbIX, 3aBHCllT 60JIce OT ee cOBep-

a JIBJIH!OTCH AeTaJIbIO

nO<:lToMY cjJopMa

KOHCTPyKTHBHbIX

H3MeHeHllIT. 06yBll,

IToHBJIeHHe

B o611xoAe cpOpMy

ureansrx

MOAeJIeH

3aCTaBJIHeT

MeHHTb

IIO.n.KOBOK II

cnocof ox
B CBH.BJIH5IIIJIa-

KpeIIJIeHllH.

A IIIHpOKoe
MOAbI,

paaaootipasae
06YBHOfO cnocoricrnyer,

HOBbIX cpacoHoB, IIPOH3Bo.n.CTBa na Ham

rrOJIBHBIllllXCH. 11YCOJIHBIIIHMOI

311 C ,ll;aJIbHeHIllllM Hll5IM crstn, aanazuroir

pa3BHTlleM

B3f.lI5I,!.(, CTaI·I)1.apnI3alJ,HH ¢aCOHa. qaCTb IIOAKOBOK

npnronnsrx
AHaJIH3bI

)1.JI5I pellJIeHHH. K

na Ka6JIyK JlI060fO "ITO OCHOBHa}[ (KOJI411H, ll3

CblpbH

YCTaHOBHJlH, xceneaa

H3rOTOBHe MeHee KOTO-

JIeHa 1-13 06bI<JHoro npM pble paCKonKax HMeJIll

Kpll'lHOrO

1959.

c. 112). TeM
)KeJITOfO llJIaCTllHhI,

BCTpeqaIOTC}[

nOJl.KOBKH

MeTaJIJIa

[(BeTa,

erne

11)1.eKOpaTllBHYIO opHaMeHTOM, (rum.

CP)'HKlJ,HIO. TpH

TaKHe

YKpaIIIeH-

nsre
H

peJIbe¢HbIM "MaHe)K»

6bIJlll

Bbl5I:BJIeHbI npll

paCKOIIKax

aa YJI. Ap6aT

UB3

311-313).
C 06bIqHbIMll IIO,ll;KOBKaMll, ,ll;eKOpaTHBHble IIJIaCTllHbI K Jl.oporoH:,

ITo

cpaBHeHHIO

BCrpeqaIOTC.lI

rOpa3)1.0 pe)Ke. 06yBH.

Oxeanzrao , 'ITO

OHH npllHa;r,ne:tKaJII1

AeKopHpOBaHHOH

Ta6.lIHu,a

2. Paaeaepst

IIJIaCTHHbI

IIIHpliHa BbICOTa Y3Kall (He 60JIee IJJl1pOKaR (6OJlee

10 MM)

10 MM)
+ +

BbICOKa51(casnue

3 MM)

HH3KaR (MeHee

3 MM)

V I.

VI H

(j)

0 P MAl(

H 0 H H hI E B 0 3 M 0 )f( HOC

THO

I>

Y B H hI X

K 0 JJ JJ E K l( VI i1

Ta6JIHu:a

3. KOppeJIHlJ,HH

rpyrrrr

rro pa3MepaM

n crroco6aM

KpeIIJIeHH.lI

1>opMa IIJlaCTHHhI

(cesenae)

C110co6 KpenJIeHHJl

Y3KaJl. BhICOKaJl

Illrrpoxaa
6e3 KpOMKH

BhICOKaJl

liIHPOKaJI

HH3Ka5!

6e3
KpOMKH

C KpOMKOM

C KPOMKOM

6e3 KpOMKH

C KPOMKOM

Bpeaasre
KOM6HHH-

poaaaasre
Ha6HBHble

Tafinnua 4. XpOHOJIOrn'leCKaJI

rrOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIbHOCTb rpynrr

rro,n;KOBOK

I'pyrmu:

XVIB. (BTOp. nOJI.)

XVII (nep.

B. nOJI.)

XVII

B.

XVIIIB. (nep. nOJI.)

(BTOp. nOJI.)

1. Bpeaaaa nsrcoxaa
Y3KaH 6e3 KpOMKH

10

3.

Bpe3HaH

HH3Kaa

UmpOKaH

6e3 KpOMKH

23

11

4.

Bpe3Ha5!

IDHPOKa5!

HH3Ka5! C KPOMKOH

5. Bpeauas
asrcoxaa

IllHPOKa5!

6e3 KpOMKH

9.

KOM6HHHpoBaHHaH HH3KaH 6e3

IDnpOKaH KpOMKH

12

30

17

10.

KOM6HHl1pOBaHHaH

IDHpOKa5! HH3KaJI C KPOMKOM

10

15

15.

Ha6HBHaH

IIIHPOKaH

BblCOKaH 6e3 KpOMKH

17.

Ha6HBHaa

IDHpOKa51

HH3KaJI

6e3

KpOMKH

Bcero

165

:;IK3eMnJIapOB

79

OI>Yl.Ib

MOCKOBC[{OH

3EMJlH

XII-XVIII

BD.

I'acrorpaxoaa 5. Pacrrpezrenenae

rrO,ll;KOBOK no

cnoco6y

KpeIIJIeHll.a

40 :s: :s:
Q.)

::r

35 30 25 20 15
10

:I: "I:

0
III
II)

'"
::<:

:r

:s:

5
0
:aTOp. IIOJI.

nep. non.
XVIIB.

aTOp. nOR.
XVII".

XVIs.

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na
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rro,n:pa3YMeBa-

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(Ycneacxna, 1985. C. 329)

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XVII

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1986, c. 109 -110).

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.n.

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A.

,lI.pemmc

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BB. / /Poc·

JI., 1986.

116. 117.

JIllxTep JIllxTep Kpyr

10. A. ITPOHI1KalODlI1C Opy,llJ1.llll opyacne. M., 1995.

n. A.
10. A.,

ApxeoJlOrl1'1eCKI1H

I1CTO'lHI1K

II

6a3bl ,IlaHHb!X. BbI60p

MO,llC)l11/ /

l1,nei1. M., 1996. CTOJlS!poBa

118.

JIJ1XTep

E. K.

KOHCTPYKTI1BHa5! KJlaCcllq:.I1KaIl.Hll

HeKoTopblX

Teopna 11 npaKTHKa KJlaCCHcpJ!lKaIJ;l1l111 CllCTeMaTI1KJ!l B HapO,ll;HOM X03.HHCTBe. Teancr.r. ITYDlI1HO, 1990.

rrpe,llMeTOB MaTepYLaJll:.HOH KYJlbT)'pbl ApeBHocTl1 119. JIl1xTep

1/

peMCCJlO / / 120. 12l.

10. A. Ocnnou Il. O. MOcKoBCKall P. A. N~3. M., 1995.

KepaMI1Ka

II

MOCKOBCKoe KCpaMH'IeCKOe

JIYKOBKI1 11. 113,1lCJII15! 113KOIKI1. M., 198L JII0611'1 M.

r. Ofiynnoe

MaTepl1aJIOBe,lleHI1C. M., 1970. lIO Hoaropozry BeJIHKOMY KOHIJ;aXVI B. CIT6., 1911. BB. M.,

122.
123.

MaHKoB B. B. KHHra nacnoaas

Maxapos H. A.
1997. MaKapOB

KOJIOHll3aIJ;l15! ceBepHblx

OKpal1H .n:peBHeH PYCll IX-XIII

124. 125. 126.

H. A.

MaTCpHaJIb! C06paHI1e

KpyfJIOro

CTOJIa. 2005. M., PA.J\IQL

MaMHH,CI16I1p.llK.

CO'lllHCHI1H T. I. M., 1953. BOCTO'-lHOCJlaB:f!flCKI1H C60pHI1K. M.,

Macnosa
1956. MaCJlOBa
H

r. c. 06YBb

MYMCKaJI 11 )KeHCKaR / /

127.
128.

r. C. HapOAH3.5l
XVIII

oneaczra B BOCTO'lHOCJlaBjlHCKJ.1XTPa,lll1I.\J.10HHhIX 06hl'la5!X

KpeCTbJlHCKa.H npoJI., 1950.

o6pHtlax

XIX - naxana XX BB. M., 1984.

B.
11

Marepaaxsr 110 I1CTOPI-Jl1KpeCTb.HHCKoi1 rrpOMblIIlJleHHOCTI1.

MbllllJleHHOCTb flepsoH rronoaausr

96

XIX

B.

T. II. M.-

CflHCOK

YICflOJlb30BAHHOH

JlHTEPATYPbI

129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136.

MeJIbHI1KOBa

A. G M.

EYJIaT H anaro.

M.,

1990.
BpeMeH 11 Hap0JJ:OB. TOM.

Mepuaxosa Mnaaarropsr
MOHraHT HI1KI1TI1H A.

H. KOCTIOMb[ pa3Hblx

1-4. M., 1993~200 i.

K PYKOIlI1CH n03Mb!

«IIIaxHaMe»

1333 rozt, M., 1985.

n. PH3aHcKaR

3eMJIR.

M., 1961. pesreczo XVI~XVII

BB.

A. B. Pyccxoe

KY3He4Hoe

M., 1971. M., 1976.

MOCKOBCKI1H Kpafi

HI1KOJIaeBa T.

B. TIpI1IUIa,1l;HOe

I1CKYCCTBOMOCKOBCKOH pYCI1.

HOBI1I.I;KI1H f. A. B

ero

rrpOIIIJlOM.

Ilepesre MOCKOBCKl1e MaHYcpaK'rypbl XVII M., 1928.

H PyccKoe K)'Ile4eCTBo B

B. / /

H. E. PaHHI1H ropo.n; aonpoca) / / Hcczrczrosaanx 1971.

HOCOB 06YBb. O)KerOB

XVI

CTOJIeTHI1 (K rrOCTaHOBKe HCTOPI11'! POCCl1H. JI.,

no COUHaJIbHO-rrOJII1TI14eCKoH

137. 138. 139.

Tepsmasi G H.

11

orrpe,n:eJIeHI1H. fOCT 5l3h!Ka.

23251~83. M., 1984.

M. 1983.

C.1IOBapb pyccKoro

0pJlOBa M. A. 0 rpynrre XIV - naxana XV BB. (K owe

np0l13Be,n:eHl1ll rrpo6JIeMe

.n;peBHepYCCKoro

cepeepaaoro
//

zrena KOHL\a
.ll:peBHepyc-

reaeaaca

CTH.1Ia H 0pHaMeHTa)

I1CK)'CCTBO. Hcczrezroaaarre

I1 aTpI16Yll;I1Vl. CIT6., Bb!CTaBKH.

1997. M., 2000.

xapaKTepHcTHKax MOCKBb! //
11

140. 141.

Ocanon

Il.

O.

Cnezr

B l1CTOpl1l1. KaTaJIOr

OCl1nOB,a:. O. K Borrpocy qeCKI1X 3a60JIeBaHll.lJX

06 aHTporrOMeTp.l1qeCKHX HaCeJJeHllJl

OpTOne,llVl-

cpenneaexoaon

JJ:peBHOCTI1 MOC-

KOBCKOH 3eMJII1. TIp06JIeMh!

cOBpeMeHHoH

apxeOJlOrl1H.

Te311Ch! KOHcpepeHll;Yll1.

M.,2001. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153.
OomOB

n. O.

l1H<pOpMaL\BOHHhle B

B03MO)KHOCTI1 KOJlJJeKll;l1H KO)KaHoi1 06YBl1 (no PA

MaTepHaJIaM O.lJTeBa E.l1.

pacKonoK 06YBb

Mocrcne) / / rccxcansrc

N~ 2.

M.,

2003.
// ACfS.

11 ,D,pyn1e

113,l1eJIyU!,IJ;peSHero TIcKoBa

Br-m.
JIa-

4. JI., 1962. Orrreaa E. 11. 06yBh ztorn / / Oarcaa Oaresa X~XlII

ACfS. 11,lIpyrHe KO)KaHble 113ileJIl1H 3eMJJ5IHoro rop0,lJ;I1ll(a

Crapori

BhlIT.

7. JI., 1965.
06yBb U3 BbIl1.

E. 11. Koxcanaa
E. BB.

30p ny6nl1KaUI1H)

/ / ACfS.

cpeztneaexoasrx 12. .II., 1970.

//

ropozros Bees

TIOJIbUII1 (KpaTKI1H

06-

H. EeJI03epCKaa M., 1973.

KO)KaHaJJ 06yBh

H CJIaB5!He

na Eenosr

o3epe

Onreaa E. 11. K JI.,1973.

O.lJ:TeBa E. 3aHcKoH

MeTO)lI1Ke H3YQeHH.lJ:,lIpeBHei1 KO)J(aHoH 06yBI1 / /

Acrs.

BblIT.

15.
PR-

11.

06YBb

113 paCKorrOK

Flepeaczrannrr-Pnaaacxoro
HCTOpHqeCKo["o

//

ApXeOJIOrHa

3eMJII1. M.,

1974.
06yBb TaJI.1II1H,

O.lJ:TeBa E.

,lII1HaBCKI1H C60pHHK. OJlTeBa

H. Oceoeprcxan XX.

(Onsrr 1975.

I1CCJIe,llOBaHHl'I) / /

CKaH-

E. 11. Zlne

rry6JIl1KaU:Y!H cpennesexoaon
BblIT.

KO)KaHOH o6YSI1. KpHTI1QeCKHe

aa-

MeQaHYH! / / ACfS.

17 . .II., 1976.
M.,

ITaMRTHHKI1 apXI1TeKT)'phl. TIaHoBa T. ,a:. I'oponcxon

1983.
o6pa,ll; Cpe,llHeBeKOBOH. PY01

nOrpe6aJIhHb!H

(XV~
H

XVII

BB.). Asropeqi.

,lII1C... KaH.n;.BCT. HaYK.

M., 1990.
XOJIMa

TIaHoBa

T.

n. ApXeOJIOrHH
C. A.

Mblca EOPOBHlJ;KOro naMHTHHKB

Mocxnsr:

crpanrrpacpmI

XpOHOJlOrl1.lJ: / /

ApxeOJlOrH'IeCKHe

MOCKBb!

11 I10,llMOCKOBbH.

M.,

2000. 154.
I1lIeTHeBa TIOJJOBeUKl1e KaMeHHble H3Ba.lJ:Hml / / CAl1. BblIT.

£-4-2. 1974.

155.

ITo3.1lHerr2JIeOJlI1TH'IeCKOe nocenenne

CYHrHPb.

(Ilorpeoesne

H OKPY)l(aIOUl,8JIcpe-

zra). M., 1988.

97

MOCKOBCKOti

3EMJIH

XII-XVIII

0"

156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165.

M. Tloeapnna 1912.
J10JIOHCKa5! BO.M.,

f. Oxepxa

MeJlKorO

KO)KeBeHHOro

npOH3BO/lCTBa

POCCI1I1. Crr6.,

M. IO. 1991.

KO)KaHaR

06YBb

zrpearrero

CMOJIeHCKa / /

CMOJIeHCK I1 lHe3,uo·

TIOJly.6oRpI1HoBa

M . .lI.. PYCCKHC JIIO/lH

OpHaMeHTaL~H.I!

B 30JIOTOH 0PlI.c. 06YBH

M., 1978.
KaK .ilaTYlpYJOmHH TIL TBCPb,

Ilonosa
3HaK. / /

C. B.

II.peBHcpycCKOH C60pHHK.

npn-

TBCPCKOH apxcoJlOf"l1LJCCKHH

Bsm, 4.

2001. nepaoii

TIOTanOB A.

JI. ):(peBHHH norpef A.

6JlH3 KPblMCKOH

nJlOIUa)I.I1. / /

TIo Tpacce

o-iepena 1910-1912
ITpoxOpOB )Kll3HH

MOCKOBCKoro

MCTPOUOJlI1TeHa. Z:hHMOJlOrl1'IeCKHH

JI., 1936.
CJIOBapb PYCCKoro H3b!Ka.

TIpc06pa)KeHCKHH rr.

T. I, II. M.,

B.

O,!l;e)K,D,a./ /

Marepaaasr

110 llCTOpifIl1

PYCCKllX OlI.e)K,D, 1 06CTaHOBKll 1 C0J.13BOJleHI1IO. T. I CIT6.,

HapOII.IJOH, 113J(aBaCMb!e no BblCO'lai1IIIeMY

1881.
M .•

Pa6HHOBJ.1<!

M.

r. Pa60Ta

MOCKOBCKOi1. 3Kcne.n;HIJ;J.1J.1 CHI1MK K

Bsm. XXVII. 44. M., 1952.

1949.
Pa6llHOBHLJ Pa6I1HoBI'I'I MaTepl1aJIaM

M.l'.

PaCKOl1Kll

B MOCKBC B

1950 r. / / Mocxse

KCHA

Bblll.

M. I', 113

I1CTOpvlll

6bITa ropO,!.(CKoro paCK0I10K B

naCeJlCHI1R pycl1 XI-XVII B

BB. (no C9

apXeOJlOrH'IeCKI1X

1946-1951

rr).

//

N2 4.

M.,1955. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178.
Pa6HHoBwI M. r. BeJlI1KI1H Bsm. 57. M., 1955. Pa6I1HoBH'I pmKaH M. 1. 0 II.pCBHeH BB. nOCa,II. MOCKBb!

(no pacxonxasr

1951 roxa}.
KyJ1hrypbl

KCI1HMK

B Xl-XVI

Mocase. M., 1964.

OyepKH

MaTCpllaJIbHOH

H 6blTa

ro-

Pa6vIHoEwi TO'lHOH

M. r. O,[(e)K,D,aPYCCKI1X XIII-XIV Esporna. M., 1986.

M.

BB. / / .lI.PCBHJlH o.v;C)K,L(a napozron

Boc·

Pa611HoEll'l

r. OyepKI1

MaTepiflaJIhHOH

KYJIbryPb!

PYCCKOfO ¢eo.v;aJIbHOrO

ropo·

na. M., 1988. Pasaonnxac T. 21:. Oxepxn Kaexasa. JI., 1990

PHKMaH KaM no l1CTOpHI1 Ol\OKl\bl HaCeJleHH.51

Ceccpo-Sanazmoro

9. A. PC3YJlhTaTbI apXeOJlOfH'ICCKJ.1X KCI1l1MK

Ha6JlJOl\em1H

E 3apRII.bC

(no

pacKon-

1949-51 rr). / / A.

Bsrn, 57. M., 1955.

nopTpeTb! MOCKOBCKI1X

POBHHCKHH):(. P03eHq>eJIbII.T

JJ:oCTOBepHble

rocynaperr.

CIT6., //

1882.

P. JI. I1HcTpYMeHTbI

MOCKOBCKI1X peMeCJIeHHHKOB

T-I,peBHOCTI1

MOCKOBCKOl'O KPCMJIR.

M., 1971.
HaxO.o;KYI 11 CKl1cpb!. PyCJ.1. M.-

Pynenrco C. H.
Phl6aKOB Pbl6aKOE Pbl6vIHa

10pHo-AJIrai1cKl1e PeMeCJIO ):(peBHdl: PeMeCJIO. / /

M-JI., 1952.

E. A. E. A.

JI., 1948.
,ll,peBHex PYOf. T.

I1CTOPHR KyJlbrypbI oyepKll

1. M·JI., 1951.
-roprosna

E. A. ApxeOJlOrl1'IeCKHC X~XVI BR. M., 1978.

PblHAHHa

HCTOPl-!H

HOBropo'[(cKOH

A. B. Honropoztcxoe M .. 1996.
M. A. Iforpefiam.naa // ):(peEHocTifl

cepetipaaoe

,1(eJlOXIII·

XV

BB' KaTaJIOr

//

):(eKopaMCTanJI

TI1BHo'npI1KJIa,lI.HOe XI~XV BE.

I1CK)'CCTBO BCJlI1KorO

Ho sropozta.

XY.1(0)KeCTBeHHbIH

179. 180. 181. 182.

Caoyposa

.1lpcBHepycCKaR CJIaBRH 11PyCI1.

OII.C)K,L(a HeKoTopbIe 11

BOIIPOCb! ee

TI'IIIOJIOrYlI1.

M., 1988.
PeKoHcTpYKl(lU! .apeaae-

Cafiyposa M.

A. ,ll,peBHepycCKl1H

KOCTJOM. O.lle)!{,[(a. 6YBb. 0

PYCCKOH o.o;e)K,D,bI./ /

.lI.peBH.5lR PYCb. ObIT 11KYJIbrypa. cTapHHHblX

M., 1997.
o,[(eJKII., OpY)KH.5l, paTHblx Cn6.,

CaBBaJ.1TOB IT. Onl1CaHHe ,lIocneXOB 11KOHCKoro

PYCCKI1X yrsape£:i,

npl160pa pesrecno.

n a36yQHOM

nOp.51,!l;KcpacnOJIO)KeHIIoe. PYKOBO,[(CTBO. C1l6.,

1896.

98

CaIIO)!(HO-6allIMa'lHOe

Flpaxr

arecxoe

1911.

cn

Yl C 0 K

11C

0 JJ b 3 0 BAH

H0 H

JJ Yl T EPA T Y P bI

183. 184. 185. 186.

CUMOHI1 IT. ,n:Ba CTapl1HlIbIX Cnosaps .lI.peBHepyccKoro

06JIaCTHhlx CJIOBap51XVIII (TOJleTI151. Crr6.,

1898.

R3I,IKa (Xl-XIV

BB.). T. IV. M., 1991.

Cnoaaps PYCCKO!'O5!3blKa Xl-XVII BIl. Burn. 7. M., 1980.

CMI1PHOBA. C. Kosensrorepnsre 6a3bl.ll.aHHbIX B apxeoJIonm. / / KOMfIbIOTep B apXeOJIOD!'IeCKYlX Y1CCJIe.ll.OBaHI15!X. Ea3bl.1laHHI,IX B apxeOJIOrl1lf.

M., 1995.

187.

CMlfPHOB A C. Coxpaacaue fIpo6JIeMbI. / / Poccancxaa

apxeonornvecxoro

HaCJIC.lI.HR POCCUH. HCTOPHH 1'1

apXeOJI0fl151. N2 4., M., 2000. Y1TorH H3yqeHHR KOJIJICKI.J;HH H3.1lCJll1A 113KO)Kl1 ¢e,1l0'
3eMJIR.

188.

COJIOBbeB,n:. 11. Hexoropsre

P08CKHX paCKonOB HOBrOpO.1la. / / HOBrOpO.1lH HOBropo.uCKa5I apXCOJIon15l. EI,In. 16. HOBropO.1l, 2002. 189. 190. 191. CnpaBOQHa5I KHHra 06YBIItI1Ka. CnpanOQHYlK 06YBlllHKa. Cpe3HeBcKHll 1912. 192. CTaHIOKOBl1'l

HCTOPI15! H

T.

1. M.·JI., 1935.

M., 1967.
J+1I5I JIOBap5!.lI.peBHepycClwrO C 5I3hIKa. T.

H.

H. MaTepYlaJII,I

3. CIT6.,

A. K. fpo6Hl1Il,a
0

npenO.1l06HOrO

HHKI1Tbl CTOJITIHI1Ka, IIepeCJIaBcKO-

ro qy,n;oTBOpll.a. 3BeHHrOpO.1l, 2001. 193. 194. 195. CYXMaH M. M. I1HOCTpaHIl,bl ,n:peBHeM Mocxae, M., 1991.

CblTl1H II. B. 113 Y1CTOPl1HMOCKOBCKI1XYJII1l(. M., 1952.

Tapacos

C. B. TeXHOJlOf1Ui H Y1HCTpYMeHThl KO)KeBeHHO-CanO)!{Horo

1989. ,n:. 11.

peMeCJIa ITo1988 rr,

JIOl(Ka H Ml1HcKa (XI-XVIII

BB.) / / ITaM5ITHHKl1 HayKl-i H TeXHHKH. 1987-

Mnxcx,
196. 1959. 197. 198.

Tsepcxan

Mocxaa -

ll.eHTp CKJIa,n;blBalOlIl,erOCR acepoccniicaoro

pbIHKa. M.,

TepelliKOBI1Q

T. A CJIOBapb MO)].I,I. MYlHCK, 1999. C. 39 BeJII1KOrO KHH)KeCTBa. / / He-

TI1XOMI1POB M. H. MOCKBa - CTOJIYlll.a Mocxoscxoro TOpl1.H MOCKBI,I T. 1. M., 1952.

199.

TI1XOMHPOB M. H. ,n:pel3H5!Jl Mocxaa. IT)'T.HXXIV-XV 1992.

Cpeaneaexoaaa

POCCH5I xa MC)KJJ;)'HapO.ll.HblX 113.1l.2-e. M.,

l3B. / / Cep, «KJIy6 JlJOOHTeJIeH llCTOPUH OTeqeCTBa».

200. 201. 202.

Toproana Typrenes
YpbcEa A.

11

npOMblUIJleHHOCTb

MOCKBI,I B XVI-XVIII

BB. M., 1910.

11. C. Cofipanne

CO"lI1HeHI1A M., T. 1. 1953.

1>.,

'-IepHblx

H. E. ,ll;eH.1lPOXPOHO)IOn-l'IeCKOe 113YQelIHe JJ;epeBa rrocTpoH3Y'IeHl1e TIcKOBa. M., 1983 B KYJII,TYPC,l(peBHeH PyCI1. / / IIpo6JIeMbI113Y"le-

ex 203.
204. 205.

113

paCKOITOK TIcKOBa. / / Apxeonoruxecxoe

YcrreHCKI1M E. A. Arrnuroaeaemre HllJl KYJlbTYpHoro

xacnezusa.

M., 1985. CJIOBapI, pyccxoro Jl3b!Ka. 113.11.. 3-e. CII6., rocy.u.apCTBa co cTpaHaMH BOCTOKa
B

¢>acMep M. 3THMOJlOrH"leCKHH ¢exHep .1lbl HIM.

1996.

M. B. TOprORJI5I Pyccxoro BI,lIT. XXI B. M., 1952.

XVI B. Tpy-

206. 207.

¢JlepOR B. K. ,n:eHh Ha KO)KeBCHIIOM aaaozte ¢OHRKOB,u. KCl1A. BI,Ill.

11

06yBHOll

4Ja6pllKe.

M.,

1926.

11. OOYBI,

11 .1lpyrl1e KO)KaHI,le H3.1leJIH5I 113 pacxonox

Toponua

//

195. M., 1989.

208.

XJIe6Hl1KOBa

1'. A

KO)KCBeHHOe AeJIO / /

[OpOA

EOJIrap.

Oneprcu peMeCJIeHHoi1:
BB. M., 1963. //

,n:eJlTeJlhHOCTI1.M., 1988. 209. 210.

Xopouncesu-r Xopomxeen-t
CHrH3MYHlI

A. Jl. TOprOBJIR Benuxoro

Hoaropozra
11

B XIV-XV

A. JI. Cl1rI13M)'H,!l, I'epoepnrrena

ero «3an11CKI1 0 MOCKOBHH"

Fepfepurreiin.

3anMcKH 0 MOCKOBVfvL

M.. 1988.
/ / POCClla - ITOJII,llia: 06pa-

211.

XopOlIIKeBH'-1 A. JI. ,,3arrHCKI1" Map rsma I'pyxescra. 3bll1 cTepeonmI,l B JlI1TepaType

1'1 KYJlbTYpe_

M., 2002.

99

OEYBb

MOCKOBCKOt'!

3EMJlH

XII-XVIII

SB.

212. 213. 214. 215.

216. 217. 218. 219.

UaJIKlI!H B. H. MaTCpl1aJIbl).l)I5I I1CTOpI.m CKOTOBO.n:CTBaB ll:peBHei1 pYCI1 / / MHA. BbID. 51. M., 1956. IJ.aJIKI1H B. H. Hexoropue lI!Torl1 113YQeHH5IKOCTHbIX OCTaHKOB )j{HBOTHbIX H3 pacKOilOK Mocxasr. / / )J:peBHOCTI1 MOCKoBcKoro KpeMJHI. M., 1971. "Iepennaa J1. B. PYCCKa5Inaueorpaqn-n. M., 1956. cOBpeMeHHoro pyccKoro

l{epHblx fl. 5L HCTOPI1KO-<JTHMoJloo-rQeCKHH CJI0Bapb 513bIKa. M., 1994. Illaranosa H. M. TeXHOJlOrl151 C6opK113aroToBoK

ncpxa o6yal1. M., 1989. J1eTOB

Hlaxsraros A. A. HCCJle.l\OBaHliC 0 Pa.n;3HBl1J1J10BCKOH11J111 KeHI1rc6eprcKoH ilHCH. T. II. cne., 1902. Illennrmaa H. C. ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKl1.e Ha6J11o.n:eH1-151B Mocxoucxoja

KpeMJIe

1963-1965
IlITLIXOB Illn-rxoe

rr. / / )XpeBHocTl1 MOCKOBCKoro KpeMJIR. M., 1971.

r. B. Ornsrr

HCCJIe.n:oBaHIHI.n:peBHerrOJlOll.KoJ1 KQ)Kli / / CA, Ni 4. M., 1963.

220.
221.

I'.B. 7l.peBHHw fIOJIOU;K. MHHcK, 1975.

IlITblXOB T. B. Topona I10JlOUKOH 3eMJIH. MHHcK, 1978.

222. 223.
224.

Illyr K. IT. 06YBb zrpeaaero MHllCKa. / /

Illanosa 10. J1. .upeBHee M.,1989. Ilfanosa M.,1992.

Borrpocr.r

HCTOPJ-lH. MaTepHaJIbI

IX KOH-

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