Ashford University Catalog

2009-2010 Academic Catalog
Effective July 1, 2009
Ashford University
400 North Bluff Blvd.
Clinton, Iowa 52732
Toll-free: (800) 242-4153
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Statement of Mission��1
Statement of Purpose��1
History��1
Accreditation��2
Memberships��2
Ownership��2
Governance��3
Right to Change Requirements��3
Title IV Compliance ��3
Commitment to Diversity ��3
Statement on Scholarship ��3
Academic and Professional Standards��4
Institutional Outcomes��4
Authorization Statements ��4
Health and Safety 5

Campus Safety and Security��5
Campus Security Office��5
Security Officer Access on Campus ��5
University Security Escort Service��6
Procedures for Reporting Criminal Actions or Emergencies ��6
Timely Reports of Specific Crimes or Offenses ��6
Annual Disclosure of Crime Statistics ��6
Missing Student Notification��8
Campus Personal Safety Tips ��8
Prevention of Sexual Abuse/Assault��8
Additional Sexual Abuse/Assault Information��8
Important Telephone Numbers ��10
Firearms/Explosives �� 11
Drugs and Alcohol�� 11
University Alcohol Use Policies�� 11
Drug Policies�� 11
General State and Federal Laws Regarding Drugs and Alcohol�� 11
University Sanctions Regarding Drugs and Alcohol�� 11
Health Risks of Drugs and Alcohol��12
Counseling, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Programs��14
Smoking Policy��14
Health and Wellness Requirements��14
Health Insurance Requirements��14
Health and Wellness Referrals��15
Medical Care��15
Health Alerts, Communicable Disease Control, and Needle Safety Procedures��15
AIDS Policy��15
Medical Emergencies ��16
Fire Regulations��16
Severe Weather ��17
Student Rights & Responsibilities 19

Notice of Nondiscrimination��19
Disability Services��19
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974��19
Electronic Communication��21
Name Changes�� 21
Sexual Harassment and Civil Rights Infringements�� 21
Table of Contents
Grievance Procedure for Student Complaints��22
Office of the Ombudsman��24
Grade Appeals��24
Student Rights and Student Conduct Regulations��24
Student Freedom��25
Statement of Student Rights ��25
Code of Student Conduct�� 26
On-Campus Student Conduct Disciplinary Processes��31
Online Student Conduct Disciplinary Processes�� 33
Graduation/Completion Rates��35
Financial Information 37
Tuition and Fees 2009-2010 ��37
Terms of Payment��39
Bankruptcy ��39
Payment Options��39
Financial Aid��41
Financial Aid Specific to the Center for External Studies Undergraduate Programs��45
Financial Aid Specific to the Center for External Studies Graduate Programs��46
University Refund and Repayment Policies��47
Federal Financial Aid Refunds/Repayments��48
Ashford University Alumni Tuition Grant ��48
Questions About Financial Aid��48
Campus Student Life 49

On-Campus Student Services��49
Office of Student Success��49
Career Development and Activities��49
Residence Life ��50
Children’s Services��50
Student Center��51
Durgin Educational Center ��51
Food Service��51
University Bookstore��52
General Hours of Campus Facilities��52
Student Activities��52
Athletics��54
General Campus Information ��55
Campus Offices��57
Ashford Campus Emergency Phone Numbers/Services��57
Help Lines/Hotlines��57
Academic Information and Policies – General 59

University Colleges and Program Offerings��59
General Education Curriculum��60
Competencies (21 credits)��61
General Education Subject Areas (25 credits)��64
Course Delivery Methods��67
Classification of Students ��68
Major/Minor Overlap Exceptions��68
Completion of Additional Majors��69
Completion of Additional Baccalaureate Degrees��69
Completion of Additional Master’s Degrees��69
Sequence of Courses��69
Academic Credit��69
Grade Point Average��69
Grading System and Grade Points��69
Other Grading Designations ��69
ii Ashford University
Table of Contents
Repeated Courses ��70
Incomplete Grades��70
Course Drop�� 71
Withdrawal from the University��71
Last Date of Attendance ��71
Reinstatement Process After Withdrawal (Less Than One Year) ��71
Readmission Process After Withdrawal (One Year or More)��71
Requests for Program Change��72
Learning Resources��72
Program Completion and Honors��72
On-Campus Traditional Undergraduate Programs 75

On-Campus Traditional Undergraduate Programs��75
College of Arts and Sciences��75
College of Business and Professional Studies��76
College of Education��76
Academic Calendar: On-Campus Traditional Programs (2009–2010)��76
Admission Policies and Procedures ��77
General Admission Process��77
Traditional Undergraduate Program Admission Requirements�� 77
Athletics and Admission��79
Technology Requirements��79
Declaration of Major and Minor Course of Study�� 80
Transfer Credits��80
Academic Policies��81
Credit Opportunities—Nontraditional Learning ��81
Registration��83
Course Drop��83
Official Program Withdrawal ��83
Class Load��83
Degree-Seeking Student Classifications��83
Auditing Courses��84
Scholars Institute��84
Testing Services��84
Veterans��84
Grade Reports��84
Academic Advisement��85
Semester-Based Course Attendance Policy��85
Leave of Absence Policy��85
Final Examinations��85
On-Campus Traditional Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) Requirements��86
Satisfactory Academic Progress Review and Evaluation��86
Academic Standards for Student Athletes��87
Graduation Requirements for BA and BS Degrees��87
Graduation Requirements for BAS Degrees��87
Changes in Degree Requirements��88
College of Arts and Sciences: Bachelor of Arts Degree Programs and Requirements��88
Bachelor of Arts in English and Communication��88
Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Studies��90
Bachelor of Arts in Health Care Administration��91
Bachelor of Arts in History��92
Bachelor of Arts in Natural Science ��92
Bachelor of Arts in Psychology��94
Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal Justice��95
Bachelor of Arts in Social Science ��95
Bachelor of Arts in Sociology��98
Bachelor of Arts in Visual Art��99
College of Arts and Sciences: Bachelor of Science Degree Programs and Requirements��100
Bachelor of Science in Biology��100
2009-2010 Academic Catalog iii

Table of Contents
Bachelor of Science in Clinical Cytotechnology��101
Bachelor of Science in Clinical Laboratory Science��102
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Mathematics��104
Bachelor of Science in Health Science��105
Bachelor of Science in Health Science Administration��106
Bachelor of Science in Natural Science ��107
Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Medicine Technology�� 108
College of Arts and Sciences: Bachelor of Applied Science Programs and Requirements �� 110
Bachelor of Applied Science in Health Care Administration�� 110
College of Business and Professional Studies: Bachelor of Arts Degree Programs and Requirements�� 111
Bachelor of Arts in Accounting�� 111
Bachelor of Arts in Professional Accounting �� 112
Undergraduate BA Accounting/Master of Business Administration Track�� 113
Graduate Coursework�� 114
Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration �� 114
Bachelor of Arts in Business Information Systems�� 115
Bachelor of Arts in Computer Graphic Design�� 115
Bachelor of Arts in Public Relations and Marketing�� 117
Bachelor of Arts in Sports and Recreation Management �� 118
College of Business and Professional Studies: Bachelor of Applied Science Degree Programs and Requirements�� 119
Bachelor of Applied Science in Accounting�� 119
Bachelor of Applied Science in Computer ��120
Bachelor of Applied Science in Computer Graphic Design �� 120
Bachelor of Applied Science in Management �� 121
College of Education: Program Information�� 122
Practitioner Preparation Program ��122
Secondary Education Licensure Program�� 123
College of Education: Bachelor of Arts Degree Programs and Requirements�� 125
Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education��125
Bachelor of Arts in Business Education ��126
Bachelor of Arts in Education��127
Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education��127
Minors��129
Accounting Minor��129
Advanced Science Minor ��129
Art Therapy Minor��129
Arts Administration Minor ��129
Business Administration Minor��130
Business Economics Minor��130
Chemistry Minor��130
Child Learning and Development Minor ��130
Computer Graphic Design Minor��131
Computer Science Minor��131
Criminal Justice Minor ��131
e-Business Minor��131
English and Communication Minor ��132
Entrepreneurship Minor��132
Environmental Studies Minor��132
Finance Minor��132
Health Care Administration Minor��132
History Minor ��133
Human Resources Management Minor��133
Information Systems Minor��133
International Management Minor��133
Liberal Arts Minor��133
Marketing Minor��133
Mathematics Minor��134
Music Minor ��134
Operations Management Minor��134
Organizational Management Minor��134
iv Ashford University
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Project Management Minor��134
Psychology Minor��135
Public Administration Minor ��135
Social Science Minor��135
Sociology Minor��135
Sports and Recreation Management Minor��135
Visual Art Minor��135
Specializations ��136
Business Economics Specialization ��136
Corrections Management Specialization ��136
Entrepreneurship Specialization��136
Finance Specialization ��136
Forensics Specialization ��136
History Specialization ��136
Homeland Security Specialization ��137
Human Resources Management Specialization ��137
Information Systems Specialization ��137
International Management Specialization ��137
Marketing Specialization ��137
Operations Management Specialization ��137
Political Science and Government Specialization ��137
Project Management Specialization ��137
Public Administration Specialization ��138
Security Management Specialization ��138
Sports and Recreation Management Specialization ��138
Center for External Studies Undergraduate Programs 139

Center for External Studies Undergraduate Programs��139
Academic Policies and Procedures��140
Program Enrollment ��140
Technology Requirements��140
Competencies ��140
System Requirements ��140
Employment Services��140
Academic Advisement��140
Schedule Changes, Program Changes, and Course Cancellation��141
Auditing of Courses��141
Course Drop��141
General Transfer Credit Provisions and Limitations��141
Nontraditional Credits��143
Associate of Arts in Business Program Details�� 144
Academic Calendar��144
Admission Requirements for the Associate of Arts Degree ��144
Provisional Admission Status Requirements��145
Full Admission Status Requirements��145
Additional Admission Requirements for International Applicants��145
Associate of Arts Academic Policies ��146
Transfer Credit and Nontraditional Credit Provisions and Limitations��146
Associate of Arts Residency Requirements��146
Associate of Arts Progression Requirement ��146
Credit Maximum Policy ��146
Concurrent Enrollment Policy��146
Associate of Arts Online Course Attendance Policy��147
2009-2010 Academic Catalog v

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Associate of Arts Satisfactory Academic Progress Policy (SAP)��147
Satisfactory Academic Progress Standards��147
Associate of Arts in Business ��149
Associate of Arts in Business Graduation Requirements �� 150
Bachelor’s Degree Program Details��150
Admission Requirements ��150
Bachelor’s Program Academic Policies��152
Transfer Credit and Nontraditional Credit Provisions and Limitations��152
Residency Requirements in Bachelor’s Programs ��153
Progression Requirements in the Bachelor’s Programs ��153
Bachelor’s Program Course Sequencing��153
Transfer Concentration Guidelines��154
Credit Maximum Policy ��155
Concurrent Enrollment Policy��155
Enrollment Status ��155
Online Bachelor’s Program Attendance Policy��155
ASPIRE Bachelor’s Program Attendance Policy ��155
Bachelor’s Program Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) Requirements��156
Honor Society��157
SMART Track Program Requirements��158
Graduation Requirements��159
Bachelor’s Degree Programs and Requirements ��160
Bachelor of Arts in Accounting��160
Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration ��160
Bachelor of Arts in Business Economics��161
Bachelor of Arts in Business Information Systems��162
Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies��163
Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education��164
Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education Administration��165
Bachelor of Arts in Health Care Administration��166
Bachelor of Arts in Health Care Studies��167
Bachelor of Arts in History��167
Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts ��168
Bachelor of Arts in Organizational Management ��169
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Government��170
Bachelor of Arts in Psychology��171
Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration ��171
Bachelor of Arts in Public Relations and Marketing��172
Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal Justice��173
Bachelor of Arts in Social Science ��174
Bachelor of Arts in Social Science with a Concentration in Education ��175
Bachelor of Arts in Sociology��177
Bachelor of Arts in Sports and Recreation Management ��178
Minors��179
Accounting Minor��179
Business Administration Minor��179
Business Economics Minor��179
Child Development Minor��179
Entrepreneurship Minor��179
Finance Minor��180
Health Care Administration Minor��180
History Minor ��180
vi Ashford University
Table of Contents
Human Resources Management Minor��180
Information Systems Minor ��180
International Management Minor��180
Marketing Minor��180
Operations Management Minor�� 181
Organizational Management Minor�� 181
Political Science and Government Minor��181
Project Management Minor ��181
Psychology Minor ��181
Public Administration Minor ��181
Social and Criminal Justice Minor ��182
Sociology Minor��182
Sports and Recreation Management Minor��182
Specializations ��182
Business Economics Specialization ��182
Corrections Management Specialization ��182
Entrepreneurship Specialization��182
Finance Specialization ��183
Forensics Specialization ��183
History Specialization ��183
Homeland Security Specialization ��183
Human Resources Management Specialization ��183
Information Systems Specialization ��183
International Management Specialization ��183
Marketing Specialization ��183
Operations Management Specialization �� 184
Political Science and Government Specialization �� 184
Project Management Specialization ��184
Public Administration Specialization ��184
Security Management Specialization ��184
Sports and Recreation Management Specialization ��184
Center for External Studies Graduate Programs 185

Center for External Studies Graduate Programs��185
Academic Policies and Procedures��185
Program Enrollment ��185
Technology Requirement��186
Graduate Studies General Admission Requirements ��186
Transfer Credit Policy��188
Schedule Changes, Program Changes, and Course Cancellation��188
Graduate Program Online Course Attendance Policy��189
Graduate Program ASPIRE Course Attendance Policy��189
Course Drop��190
Repeating Courses��190
Graduate Programs Credit Maximum Policy ��190
Concurrent Course (Double Up) Registration Policy��190
Auditing of Courses��190
Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) Policy ��190
2009-2010 Academic Catalog vii

Table of Contents
SMART Track Program��192
Master’s Degree Programs and Requirements��192
Master of Arts in Education ��192
Master of Arts in Health Care Administration��194
Master of Arts in Organizational Management �� 194
Master of Arts in Teaching and Learning with Technology �� 196
Master of Business Administration��196
Master of Public Administration��198
Course Descriptions 199

ACC Accounting��200
ANT Anthropology��201
ART Art ��201
BIO Biology��203
BUS Business��204
CGD Computer Graphic Design��210
CHE Chemistry�� 211
COM Communications��212
CRJ Criminal Justice��212
DRA Drama ��214
ECE Early Childhood Education ��214
ECO Economics��215
EDU Education��216
EMS Education Middle School ��222
ENG English��222
ENV Environmental Studies��225
ERE Education Reading��225
ESE Education Special Ed ��225
ESL English as a Second Language (ESL)��226
EXP Freshman Experience��226
HCA Health Care Administration��227
HIS History��228
INF Information Systems��230
JRN Journalism��231
LIB Liberal Arts��232
MAT Mathematics��234
MGT Management��235
MKT Marketing ��236
MHA Master Health Care Administration ��236
MUS Music��236
MUS XXX Applied Music��237
NAT Natural Science ��238
OMM Organizational Management ��238
PED Physical Education and Health��239
PHI Philosophy��240
PHY Physical Science��241
POL Political Science��241
PPA Public Administration��242
PSY Psychology��243
REL Religious Studies ��245
SCI Science��245
SOC Sociology��245
SPA Spanish ��246
SPE Speech��247
SRM Sport and Recreation Management��247
SVC Service��248
XXX Special Topics��248
viii Ashford University

Table of Contents
University Personnel 249

Board of Trustees ��249
Ashford University Administration��250
Faculty��250
2009-2010 Academic Catalog ix

Statement of Mission
The mission of Ashford University is to provide
Section One accessible, affordable, innovative, high-quality learning
opportunities and degree programs that meet the diverse
needs of individuals pursuing integrity in their lives,
professions, and communities.
Statement of Purpose
To foster a vigorous, diverse learning environment shaped
by contemporary awareness, intellectual inquiry, and a
shared search for truth in which students gain knowledge
and build skills and values useful in their personal and
career development.
To cultivate student-centered learning at all levels,
supported by technological resources and led by qualified
faculty and staff who are guided by contemporary
scholarship and professional practice.
To promote the development of foundational values
relevant to leadership in the 21st century: self-worth,
creativity, interdependence, service, integrity, and
effectiveness.
Introduction To foster intellectual and personal growth, sensitivity to

diversity and human dignity, effective and responsible
leadership, environmental responsibility, and lifelong
learning.
To provide a traditional liberal arts college experience,
accelerated external-degree programs for adult learners,
and relevant graduate programs.
To place priority upon institutional effectiveness,
excellent value, affordability, responsive student
services, accountable administrative processes,
continuous assessment of student learning, and curricular
improvement to assure quality in a rapidly changing
culture and demonstrate innovative leadership in higher
education.
To maintain operational, financial, and strategic strength
to ensure the future of the University.
History
The University, originally named Mount St. Clare
College, was founded in 1918 by the Sisters of St. Francis,
Clinton, Iowa, as a junior college for women. In 1950, the
College was accredited by the North Central Association
of Colleges and Schools and has since maintained its
accreditation. Its interest in adult learners began in 1962
when an evening program was begun to serve the needs
of students with career and family responsibilities. In
1967, the College became coeducational. Baccalaureate
degree programs began in 1979 and graduate degrees in
2003, coinciding with the name change to The Franciscan
University. In 2005, the University was acquired by
Bridgepoint Education and renamed Ashford University.
1
Introduction
Accreditation • Iowa Network of Women in Higher Education
The Higher Learning Commission of the North (IWHE)
Central Association of Colleges and Schools • Iowa State Education Association
HLC website: www.ncahlc.org • League for Innovation in the Community College
• Marine Corps Academic Explorer (MCAeX)
• NAFSA: Association of International Educators
• National Association of College and University
Business Officers (NACUBO)
• National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics
• National Association of State Directors
of Teacher Education and Certification
(NASDTEC)
• National Association of Student Financial Aid
Memberships Administrators (NASFAA)
• Alpha Sigma Lambda
• National Center for Higher Education
• American Association of Colleges for Teacher Management Systems
Education (AACTE)
• National Institute for Staff & Organizational
• American Association of Collegiate Registrars Development (NISOD)
and Admissions Officers (AACRAO)
• National University Telecommunications
• American Council on Education (ACE) Network
• Association of American Colleges and • Quality Matters Consortium
Universities
• Servicemembers Opportunity College (SOC)
• Association of International Educators
• SOCGUARD
• Association on Higher Education and Disability
• Society for College and University Planning
• Central Association of College and University (SCUP)
Business Officers (CACUBO)
• Society for Human Resource Management
• Commission for Accelerated Programs (CAP) (National and San Diego)
• Council for Adult and Experiential Learning • The College Board
Recognized by the Council for Adult and
Experiential Learning as an Adult Learning • The Council for Adult and Experiential Learning
Focused Institution (CAEL)
• Council for Higher Education Accreditation • The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education
(CHEA) • The Sloan Consortium
• Council of College and Military Educators • Upper Midwest Association of International
(CCME). Educators
• Eduventures
• Illinois Association for College Admission
Ownership
Ashford University is a wholly owned subsidiary of
Counseling
Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
• International Assembly for Collegiate Business
13500 Evening Creek Dr. North, Suite 600
Education (membership only)
San Diego, CA 92128
• International Assembly for Collegiate
Business Education (membership only)
• Iowa Association for College Admission
Counseling
• Iowa Association of Colleges for Teacher
Education
2 Ashford University
Introduction
Governance Statement on Scholarship
The Board of Trustees is responsible for the governance Scholarship at the University refers to the in-depth
of Ashford University. The strategic priorities of the investigation and shared search for knowledge and
Board include mission, organizational structure, academic truth embodied in the University mission statement.
integrity, operational responsibility, and planning. Trustees Faculty and students learn to identify relationships and
meet regularly to ensure accountability of the University to make connections, both within their own academic
to its students and constituencies. The Board of Trustees areas of study as well as across disciplinary lines with
appoints a University President to provide overall other programs. They have the opportunity to work
leadership and to administer the day-to-day operations for collaboratively on scholarly projects within an atmosphere
Ashford University. of the highest academic integrity and to share knowledge
gained with the University community and beyond.
Right to Change Requirements Examples of scholarship at the University include the
The Ashford University Catalog presents the policies following:
and procedures for graduate and undergraduate programs
offered by the University. The University reserves the • Scholarly research in more specialized areas that
right to make alterations to this catalog and the policies is used to enhance regular course offerings or is
and procedures therein as necessitated by changes in presented to the campus and local communities
curriculum, academic policies, procedures, and costs. in open forums, seminars, and other venues;
Notice is not required for a new policy to take effect; • Published works such as papers, articles, essays,
however, Ashford University will make reasonable editorials, book reviews, books, short stories,
attempts to notify students promptly of any policy changes poetry, plays, or music;
through communication methods deemed appropriate by • Performances in the fine arts, both on and off
the University administration. campus such as concerts, recitals, plays, art
exhibits, and computer graphics designs; and
Title IV Compliance • Presentations made at professional conferences,
Ashford University is committed to being in compliance
seminars, meetings, or conventions.
with Title IV of the Higher Education Act and all
implementing and interpretative rules, regulations, In addition to joining in scholarly research, faculty
guidelines, and policies of the United States (U.S.) and students also share certain responsibilities toward
Department of Education. Periodically, rules, regulations, scholarship. These responsibilities include the following:
and guidelines are updated and/or clarified by the • Establishing and cultivating a broad general
U.S. Department of Education. These updates and/ knowledge base across academic programs and
or clarifications may necessitate the need for Ashford acquiring knowledge in one’s own discipline;
University policies and practices not in compliance with
• Accepting responsibility for one’s own learning
Title IV requirements to be subject to immediate change to
and seeking opportunities for scholarly dialogue;
ensure continued compliance.
and
Commitment to Diversity • Making the commitment to pursue learning
Ashford University prepares students to serve populations throughout one’s entire life and to assist others in
with diverse social, ethnic, economic, and educational the pursuit of knowledge.
experiences. Both the academic and training curricula are Above all, the faculty continually strives to convey a
designed to provide an environment in which students can sense of excitement to their students in the shared search
develop the skills and attitudes essential to working with for knowledge and truth.
people from diverse backgrounds.
2009-2010 Academic Catalog 3

Introduction
Academic and Professional Standards Authorization Statements
Central to the University’s mission is a commitment to Tennessee Higher Education Commission
high-quality learning opportunities and degree programs Ashford University is authorized by the Tennessee
that are accessible, affordable, and innovative. Seeking to Higher Education Commission. This authorization must
serve diverse needs, the University embraces the liberal be renewed each year and is based on an evaluation by
arts as a perspective for learning in its undergraduate minimum standards concerning quality of education,
programs and offers graduate studies within a framework ethical business practices, health and safety, and fiscal
of professional competence. Through this learning responsibility.
environment, available in classroom and online modalities, Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board
the institution encourages and engages students in the Ashford University is authorized by the Washington
pursuit of intellectual growth, social responsibility, and Higher Education Coordinating Board (HECB) and
lives characterized by service and personal integrity. meets the requirements and minimum educational
standards established for degree-granting institutions
Institutional Outcomes under the Degree-Granting Institutions Act. This
To achieve organizational effectiveness, Ashford authorization is subject to periodic review and
University is committed to developing and improving authorizes Ashford University to advertise and recruit
student learning through continuous assessment of course for the following degree programs: Associate of Arts
objectives, faculty contributions, learning environments, in Business; Bachelor of Arts in Accounting; Bachelor
student performance, and program outcomes. of Arts in Business Administration; Bachelor of Arts
Graduates of Ashford University will be able to: in Communication Studies; Bachelor of Arts in Early
Childhood Education; Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood
• Demonstrate the ability to read and think
Education Administration; Bachelor of Arts in Health
critically and creatively;
Care Administration; Bachelor of Arts in Organizational
• Demonstrate the ability to communicate Management; Bachelor of Arts in Psychology; Bachelor
effectively in speech and in writing; of Arts in Public Relations and Marketing; Bachelor of
• Demonstrate the ability to communicate Arts in Social and Criminal Justice; Bachelor of Arts in
effectively through the use of technology; Sociology; Bachelor of Arts in Social Science; Bachelor of
Arts in Social Science/Education Concentration; Bachelor
• Demonstrate self-worth and respect the diversity
of Arts in Sports and Recreation Management; Master of
in others;
Business Administration; Master of Arts in Organizational
• Demonstrate an understanding of the Management; and Master of Arts in Teaching and Learning
interdependence of life in all its forms; with Technology. Authorization by the HECB does not
• Demonstrate competence in their major fields carry with it an endorsement by the board of the institution
of study; or its programs. Any person desiring information about
the requirements of the act or the applicability of those
• Share talents and resources in service to others;
requirements to the institution may contact the HECB at
• Demonstrate the ability to draw information P.O. Box 43430, Olympia, WA 98504-3430.
from different fields of study to make informed
decisions; and
• Recognize learning as a life-long endeavor.
Campus Safety and Security
It is important for students, as well as other members of
Section Two the campus community, to take responsibility for their
own safety and well-being. The University strongly
encourages students to take steps to ensure the safety and
security of their belongings, themselves, and others.
The University Campus Security Office keeps a daily
crime log that depicts any criminal incidents that occur
on the campus. This information is available for review
by anyone in the University community, with reasonable
notice given. Information in the crime log includes the
following: the nature of the crime, the date and time
the crime occurred, a general location of the crime, and
any known disposition of the complaint. The University
reserves the right to keep the confidentiality of both the
victim and the accused in any of these situations.
Campus Security Office

The University maintains a security team staffed by
student personnel and supervised by a professional
Director of Campus Security. University security officers
Health and
have civil enforcement authority only. They do, however,
work closely with the Clinton Police Department, Clinton
County Sheriff’s Office, and the Iowa Highway Patrol,
if assistance is required. University security officers
Safety have no official arrest powers. City, county, or state

law enforcement officers make all arrests. Student and
staff may contact the appropriate authorities directly, or
University security officers will make contact on behalf
of the University or individuals involved if the officers
consider it necessary or if requested. The University
takes any reported criminal action seriously and responds
to it accordingly; subsequently, the University relies on
law enforcement authorities to assist during criminal
investigations and appropriate emergencies.
Students and staff are made aware of the services offered
by the Campus Security Office through the Ashford
University Catalog and through orientation sessions for
new students, which are held annually. Crime prevention
information is posted on campus bulletin boards and
communicated in campus programming.
Security Officer Access on Campus

Security personnel monitor all campus buildings on
random weekdays during non-business hours and on
evenings during weekends. University security officers
have access to all areas of campus including the residence
halls. The University does, however, respect and seek
to ensure the privacy of students living in residence
halls; therefore, arbitrary room searches are prohibited.
Certain legal rights of room entry are maintained by the
University as a private institution that operates residence
halls. These rights include, with limitation, the right of
staff members to enter a student’s room when deemed
5
Health and Safety
advisable for community or individual welfare, and in Timely Reports of Specific
instances such as medical emergencies, fire, flood, or Crimes or Offenses
wind damage. If an occupant, resident, or guest is present, When a known crime risk might endanger students or
and a room search or cursory inspection is conducted, a employees, the Student Success Office will notify the
written, dated, and signed report will be prepared by a campus community in a timely manner through one or
Student Success professional staff member and placed in more of the following methods, depending upon the nature
the residence hall files within three (3) class days of the of the incident:
occurrence. In the absence of any occupant, and in the
absence of any emergency, a Student Success professional • Immediate notification via telephone to the
staff member will be present when entering a room. If Director and Associate Director of Student
these circumstances should occur, the Student Success Success;
professional staff member will prepare a written, dated, • Immediate notification of student body;
and signed report within one (1) working day of the a. Resident students may be notified via
occurrence. building meetings, flyers, etc.
Under certain conditions requiring a room search, such b. Entire student body may be notified via flyer,
as for stolen property, a dated and signed form must posted information, email, etc.
accompany those conducting the search. The form must
include a description of the items being sought and the • If necessary, notification of the media via written
specifically designated University officials conducting the press release or telephone call.
search. The presence of two University representatives, The Student Success Office or Campus Security Office
one being a Student Success professional staff member, may also find it appropriate to contact local police to
is required. In the event of an emergency such as weather request information about crimes reported to them that
conditions, fire, or drills of same, rooms will be checked would qualify under the Cleary Act.
for occupancy. Customary landlord rights of inspection
and maintenance by University personnel also apply. Annual Disclosure of Crime Statistics
The Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act
University Security Escort Service (Public Law 101-542) was signed into law on November
University security officers are available to provide 8, 1990. The Act requires all institutions of higher
assistance and to accompany visitors and campus education to collect and maintain statistics concerning
community members who wish to be escorted on specific crimes beginning on September 1, 1992, and each
campus after dark. If assistance is desired, please call year thereafter, and to report these statistics annually to
(563) 242-2752. If you are calling from a campus phone, students and employees. Upon request, the information is
first dial “9.” provided to any applicant for enrollment or employment.
Procedures for Reporting Criminal It is Ashford University’s intent to comply fully with the
Act, and the statistical information provided in the tables
Actions or Emergencies below is intended for this purpose.
The University encourages individuals to report any crime
accurately and promptly to a Campus Security Officer. For Ashford University, in complying with this Act, gathers
immediate assistance, you can also contact the Clinton statistics concerning the occurrence on campus, in or on
Police Department if you are the victim of a crime, if you non-campus buildings or property, and on public property
witness a crime, or if you have information that would aid of certain offenses. The statistics are gathered from the
in solving a crime. Director of Student Success, the Campus Security Office,
and the Clinton Police Department. The information is
Ashford University does not have any policies or
recorded in the year in which the crime was reported to a
procedures that allow victims or witnesses to report
University security authority.
crimes on a voluntary, confidential basis. Consequently,
the Clinton County Sheriff’s Office maintains Crime
Stoppers that may be contacted at (563) 242-6595 or
toll free (888) 883-8015. Reward money up to $1,000
could be available when the information provided leads
to the arrest and/or conviction of a criminal offender(s).
Ashford University does not have a policy that encourages
pastoral counselors and professional counselors to inform
the persons they are counseling to report crimes on a
voluntary, confidential basis for inclusion in the annual
disclosure of crime statistics.
6 ASHFORD UNIVERSITY
Health and Safety
On- Residence Non- Public
Crime Data: Office of Campus Safety Year TOTAL
Campus Halls* Campus Property
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Murder/Non-Negligent Manslaughter 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Manslaughter 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
2006 5 0 0 0 5
Forcible Sex Offense 2007 2 2 0 0 2
2008 3 3 0 0 3
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Non-forcible Sex Offense 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Robbery 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Aggravated Assault 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 2 2 0 0 2
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Burglary 2007 1 1 0 0 1
2008 11 11 0 0 11
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Motor Vehicle Theft 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Arson 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
Criminal Arrests Campus Halls* Campus Property
TOTAL
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Liquor Law Violations 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Abuse Violations 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Weapons Possession 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
Judicial/Referrals Campus Halls* Campus Property
TOTAL
2006 12 12 0 0 12
Liquor Law Violations 2007 6 6 0 0 6
2008 47 46 0 0 47
2006 1 1 0 0 1
Drug Abuse Violations 2007 3 0 0 0 3
2008 2 2 0 0 2
2006 0 0 0 0 0
Weapons Possession 2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
Hate Crime Campus Halls* Campus Property
TOTAL
2006 0 0 0 0 0
2007 0 0 0 0 0
2008 0 0 0 0 0
*Crimes reported in the Residence Halls column are included in the On-Campus column.

Health and Safety
Missing Student Notification • Immediately report all thefts, harassing phone

In accordance with the Higher Education Opportunity calls, personal attacks, threats, or similar
Act, Ashford University has developed a missing student incidents to Campus Security and/or Residence
notification policy for students who reside in on-campus Life staff. Such contact may enable University
housing. personnel to locate the person(s) involved while
they are still on campus.
Each student 18 years of age or older who resides in on-
campus housing has the option to identify and register a • Lock both your room and car doors at all times,
confidential contact with the Office of Student Success. and carry your keys with you. Never lend your
This confidential contact will be notified by the University keys to anyone. Do not leave keys or valuables in
not later than 24 hours after the time that the student is your student mailbox. Keep your campus lockers
determined missing in accordance with the notification secured at all times.
procedures set forth below. • Close all outside doors during locked hours. Do
If the missing student is under 18 years of age and is not prop open locked building doors.
not an emancipated individual, then the University must • Do not carry large amounts of cash. Store all
notify a custodial parent or guardian not later than money and valuables in appropriate places.
24 hours after the time that the student is determined
• Secure your bike with a high-safety lock.
missing in accordance with the notification procedures
set forth below. • Do not let unfamiliar people into campus
buildings or open your room door to individuals
The University Campus Security Office will notify the
unknown to you. Never give your name, address,
local law enforcement agency not later than 24 hours after
or phone number to unknown persons.
the time the student is determined missing.
Notification Procedures
Prevention of Sexual Abuse/Assault
Abusive sexual conduct by anyone is a threat to the entire
It is the obligation of the entire University community to
University community. All students who believe another
immediately report a student who has been missing for 24
individual has personally violated them in a sexual
hours to the Office of Student Success.
manner should immediately report the incident to the
Any official missing person report relating to such student Director and/or Associate Director of Student Success,
must be referred immediately to the Campus Security to University security personnel, and/or to local police.
Office. If, upon investigation of the official report, the Students are strongly encouraged to report all incidents
Campus Security Office determines that the missing that threaten the student’s continued well-being, safety,
student has been missing for more than 24 hours, the or security. University personnel will assist the student
Office will contact the individual’s confidential contact in notifying authorities, if requested. In cases where a
registered with the Office of Student Success, or, if the student believes that a rape or other assault has occurred,
student is under the age of 18, the student’s custodial the University strongly recommends that the crime be
parent or guardian via telephone within 24 hours. reported immediately so that information may be obtained
Regardless of whether the student has identified a contact and evidence preserved, as it may be necessary to
person, is above the age of 18, or is an emancipated minor, prove criminal sexual assault. Confidential counseling
the Office of Campus Security will inform the local law referral information is available through the Student
enforcement agency within 24 hours. Success Office.
The Director of Student Success will review all reported
Campus Personal Safety Tips sex offenses and will assist student victims in identifying
Although the University has a low crime rate, it is both University judicial procedures and legal options. The
essential that every member of the University community University will change a victim’s academic and living
practice personal safety. Some personal safety suggestions environment when requested and if such changes are
include the following: reasonable and viable.
• Walk only in well-lit areas. Do not take shortcuts
through dark or deserted areas. Avoid walking Additional Sexual Abuse/Assault
alone at night. Information
The following additional information is provided to
• Immediately report unfamiliar persons or people
assist individuals in dealing with issues of sexual abuse
who are acting strangely to the Campus Security
and assault.
Office at (563) 242-2752 or to a Residence Life
staff member.
Health and Safety
Counseling and Health Resources • Get involved if you believe that someone is at
Victims of sexual abuse should seek help, support, risk. If you see a person in trouble at a party
and counseling. Many support services are available or a friend using force or pressuring another
for assistance to victims. Confidential counseling person, don’t be afraid to intervene. You may
referral information is available through the Student save the person from the trauma of sexual assault
Success Office. and your friend from the ordeal of criminal
prosecution.
Educational Programs • Be especially careful in situations involving
Programs to promote the awareness of rape, acquaintance alcohol or drugs. Alcohol and drugs can interfere
rape, and other forcible and non-forcible sex offenses with your ability to assess situations and to
are sponsored at various times of the year on campus. communicate effectively.
Check the campus planner or the Student Success Office
To protect yourself against rape:
for details.
• Know your sexual intentions and limits. You
Rape Prevention Information have the right to say “No” to any unwanted
Men and women should follow the tips below to protect sexual contact. If you are uncertain about what
themselves against acquaintance rape and stranger rape you want, ask the other person to respect your
on campus. feelings.
Tips to prevent the crime of rape: • Communicate your limits firmly and directly. If
you say “No,” say it like you mean it. Don’t give
• Listen carefully. Take the time to hear what the mixed signals. Back up your words with a firm
other person is saying. If you feel he or she is not tone of voice and clear body language.
being direct or is giving you a “mixed message,”
ask for clarification. • Don’t rely on “ESP” to get your message across.
Don’t assume that your date will automatically
• Don’t fall for the common stereotype that when know how you feel or will eventually “get the
people say “No” they really mean “Yes.” “No” message” without your having to tell him or her.
means “No.” If a person says “No” to sexual
contact, believe him or her and stop. • Remember that some people still think that
drinking heavily, dressing provocatively, or
• Remember that date rape is a crime. It is going to a person’s room automatically indicates
never acceptable to use force or the threat of a willingness to have sex. Be especially careful
force in sexual situations, no matter what the to communicate your limits and intentions
circumstances. clearly in such situations.
• Don’t make assumptions about a person’s • Listen to your gut feelings. If you feel
behavior. Don’t automatically assume that a uncomfortable or think you may be at risk, leave
person wants to have sex with you because he the situation immediately and go to a safe place.
or she drinks heavily, dresses provocatively,
or agrees to go to your room. Don’t assume • Don’t be afraid to make waves if you feel
that just because a person has had sex with you threatened. If you feel you are being pressured
previously, he or she is willing to have sex with or coerced into sexual activity against your will,
you again. Also, don’t assume that just because don’t hesitate to state your feelings and get out
a person consents to kissing or other sexual of the situation; better a few minutes of social
intimacies, he or she is willing to have sexual awkwardness or embarrassment than the trauma
intercourse. of sexual assault.
• Be aware that having sex with someone who • Attend large parties with friends you can trust.
is mentally or physically incapable of giving Agree to “look out” for one another. Try to leave
consent is rape. If you have sex with a person with a group, rather than alone or with someone
who is drugged, intoxicated, passed out, you don’t know very well.
incapable of saying “No,” or unaware of what is Prevention efforts can reduce the risk of rape, but rape is
happening around him or her, you may be guilty an action decided on by the perpetrators. If you are raped,
of rape. seek help at once. We recommend that you have a free
• Be especially careful in group situations. Be and confidential rape examination at a local hospital to
prepared to resist pressure from friends to ensure your health and to preserve evidence if charges are
participate in violent or criminal acts. filed later. Most Iowa hospitals will make specialized rape

Health and Safety
counselors available to you. They can help you sort out Important Telephone Numbers
your options after the immediate trauma recedes.
We urge you to take two actions: Emergency Numbers:
Emergency (police, fire, and rescue) 911
• Seek counseling and support to help you recover
from what is a traumatic experience. Director of Campus Security (815) 718-5685
• Consider telling school officials or law University Security/Residence Life (563) 242-2752
enforcement officers what happened.
Help Services Numbers and Hotlines:
Sex Offender Registry Clinton YWCA Domestic Violence/Sexual Assault
As of July 1, 2002, Iowa law requires sex offenders to Resource Center
register with the county sheriff when affiliated with higher 317 7th Avenue South, Clinton, IA 52732
education institutions either as full-time or part-time Website: www.ywca.org/clinton
students or when employed or engaged in a vocation on a Crisis Line (800) 381-9319
full- or part-time basis at an institution in a county other
than the county of residence. The person must register Office Phone (Clinton) (563) 242-2118
within five days of becoming a student, being employed, Office Phone (Maquoketa) (563) 652-4162
or engaging in a vocation at the institution. Prior to July Fax: (563) 244-8341
2002, at-risk sex offenders had to register only in their
county of residence. Alcoholics Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous
521 South 3rd Street, Clinton, IA 52732
In addition, as of October 28, 2002, the U.S. Department
of Education amended the Higher Education Act of Website: www.aaquadcities.com
1965, Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act requiring Phone (563) 242-8136
institutions to inform members of the campus community Bridgeview Community Mental Health Center
of the means by which they can obtain information about 638 South Bluff, 2nd Floor Bluff Bldg, Clinton, IA 52732
registered sex offenders who may be present on campus.
A list of those persons from Iowa who are determined Website: www.bridgeviewcmhc.com
by the State of Iowa and local officials to be a risk to Phone (563) 243-5633
re-offend (predators) is published and available strictly
Sexual Assault/Battered Women
for your knowledge in the Student Services Office and
(24-Hour Hotline) (563) 243-7867
can be obtained from the Iowa Sex Offender Website at
www.iowasexoffender.com. Illinois registry information Women’s Health Services (563) 243-1413
is available at http://www.isp.state.il.us/sor/. Questions Iowa Suicide Prevention Hotline:
regarding local sex offender registry can be directed to the (For use in Iowa only) (800) 332-4224
Clinton County Sheriff’s Office at (563) 242-9211. Cedar Rapids Area (319) 362-2174
Quad Citians Affirming Diversity (QCAD)
1705 2nd Ave. Rock Island, IL 61201
Website: www.qcaffirmingdiversity.org
Phone (309) 786-2580
For Non-emergency Help:

Student Success Office
(Mon-Fri 8:00 a.m.–4:30 p.m.) (563) 242-4023 ext. 7794
After office hours, please call:
Clinton Police Department (563) 243-1458
Director of Student Success (563) 242-4023 ext. 7382
Director of Campus Security (563) 242-4023 ext. 7868
Associate Director of
Student Services (563) 242-4023 ext. 7789
Health and Safety
Firearms/Explosives The federal government passed the Uniform Drinking Age

Shotguns, rifles, handguns, air guns, bow and arrows, Act in 1984, which provided that all states were to raise
ammunition, and other types of potentially dangerous the minimum legal drinking age to 21. All members of the
weapons are not permitted anywhere on campus. All University community who are not of legal drinking age
types of explosives, including fireworks, gasoline, and are expected to follow this guideline.
other combustible materials, are prohibited in all areas of Iowa law relating to the consumption of alcohol is laid
the University. out in Iowa Code § 123. Following is a partial summary
of the regulation:
Drugs and Alcohol • Persons under the legal age (21 years) are
It is the University’s intent to provide a drug-free, prohibited from purchasing or possessing
healthful, safe, and secure academic environment. The alcoholic beverages (§ 123.47).
University shall make a good-faith effort to comply with
the requirements of the Drug-Free Workplace Act and the • It is unlawful to sell, give, or otherwise supply
Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1989. The alcoholic beverages to a minor (§ 123.47 and
following policies and guidelines have been established to 123.47A).
uphold the University’s obligation to its students, faculty, • Those under the legal age may not present false
and surrounding community: evidence or misrepresent their age to a vendor
or licensee for purposes of obtaining alcoholic
University Alcohol Use Policies beverages (§ 123.49(3)).
The University neither condones nor sanctions the use • No person may sell or give alcoholic beverages
of alcohol. All individuals are expected to observe the to an intoxicated person (§ 123.49(1)).
alcoholic beverage laws of the State of Iowa or the state
in which they reside. The University strictly prohibits Anyone under the age of 21 who is caught driving with
the use, consumption, possession, and distribution of a blood alcohol level of 0.02 or more will lose his or her
alcohol by any student, regardless of legal age, within driver’s license or permit for up to 60 days. Temporary
the residence halls, on campus grounds, or at University- driving permits for school, work, or other reason, will not
sponsored activities. be issued during the suspension period. Realize that 0.02
is a very small amount–as little as one beer or drink.
For certain University events or functions, alcohol may be
served only to those persons of legal drinking age. Written University Sanctions
permission from the Campus Director or University
President to serve alcohol and an alcohol permit must be
Regarding Drugs and Alcohol
Any student convicted of any drug-related criminal statute
obtained prior to the function.
must notify the Director of Student Success and the
Campus Financial Aid Office, in writing, no later than 5
Drug Policies days after such conviction, regardless of where the offense
The possession, unlawful use, sale, or distribution of occurred. Under federal law, any student convicted of a
illegal drugs is prohibited on the University campus. drug-related felony offense must be denied all federal Title
Also, drug paraphernalia is not permitted on the IV assistance, including Pell Grants.
University campus.
In addition, Ashford University seeks to uphold University
General State and Federal Laws drug- and alcohol-related policies and laws by disciplinary
action of those members who violate said policies and
Regarding Drugs and Alcohol laws. Such sanctions could lead to a student being
Both state and federal laws prohibit distribution of,
suspended or expelled from the University. Students,
manufacture of, or possession with intent to distribute a
faculty, or employees who violate related laws may also
controlled substance or a counterfeit controlled substance.
be referred to law enforcement for prosecution. As part of
State penalties range from 5 years to life confinement
the disciplinary process, the University may also request
and a fine of $1,000 to $1,000,000 depending upon
that the person complete a rehabilitation program. A
the type and quantity of drug involved. Specific drugs,
criminal conviction is not necessary to find that a student
amounts, and penalties are described in Iowa Code §
has violated the University standards of conduct, and
124. Maximum federal penalties range from 1 year
Ashford University need not, and ordinarily will not, defer
confinement to life imprisonment and a fine of $250,000
its own actions and sanctions pending the outcome of any
to $4,000,000, depending upon the type and quantity of
criminal proceeding.
drug involved.

Health and Safety
Health Risks of Drugs and Alcohol Heroin

The Iowa Drug Rehabilitation Coalition has listed the Heroin abuse is associated with serious health conditions
following health risks associated with the use of the including fatal overdose, spontaneous abortion, collapsed
following illicit drugs and with prolonged alcohol use. veins, and infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS and
hepatitis.
Methamphetamine Mental functioning becomes clouded due to depression of
Methamphetamine releases high levels of the
the central nervous system. Long-term effects of heroin
neurotransmitter dopamine, which stimulates brain cells,
appear after repeated use for some period of time. Chronic
enhancing mood and body movement. It also appears to
users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart
have a neurotoxic effect, damaging brain cells that contain
lining and valves, abscesses, cellulitis, and liver disease.
dopamine and serotonin, another neurotransmitter. Over
Pulmonary complications, including various types of
time, methamphetamine appears to cause reduced levels
pneumonia, may result from the poor health condition
of dopamine, which can result in symptoms like those of
of the abuser, as well as from heroin’s depressing effects
Parkinson’s disease, a severe movement disorder. Users
on respiration.
may become addicted quickly and use it with increasing
frequency and in increasing doses.
Marijuana
The central nervous system (CNS) actions that result Recent research findings also indicate that long-term
from taking even small amounts of methamphetamine use of marijuana produces changes in the brain similar
include increased wakefulness, increased physical to those seen after long-term use of other major drugs
activity, decreased appetite, increased respiration, of abuse.
hyperthermia, and euphoria. Other CNS effects include
irritability, insomnia, confusion, tremors, convulsions, Someone who smokes marijuana regularly may have
anxiety, paranoia, and aggressiveness. Hyperthermia and many of the same respiratory problems as tobacco
convulsions can result in death. smokers. These individuals may have daily cough and
phlegm, symptoms of chronic bronchitis, and more
Methamphetamine causes increased heart rate and blood frequent chest colds. Continuing to smoke marijuana can
pressure and can cause irreversible damage to blood lead to abnormal functioning of lung tissue injured or
vessels in the brain, producing strokes. Other effects of destroyed by marijuana smoke.
methamphetamine include respiratory problems, irregular
heartbeat, and extreme anorexia. Its use can result in Ecstasy (MDMA)
cardiovascular collapse and death. MDMA causes injury to the brain, affecting neurons
Cocaine that use the chemical serotonin to communicate with
Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that other neurons. The serotonin system plays a direct role
interferes with the reabsorption process of dopamine, in regulating mood, aggression, sexual activity, sleep,
a chemical messenger associated with pleasure and and sensitivity to pain. Many of the risks users face with
movement. Dopamine is released as part of the MDMA use are similar to those found with the use of
brain’s reward system and is involved in the high that cocaine and amphetamines:
characterizes cocaine consumption. • Psychological difficulties including confusion,
The physical effects of cocaine use include constricted depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe
peripheral blood vessels, dilated pupils, and increased anxiety, and paranoia – during and sometimes
temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The duration weeks after taking MDMA;
of cocaine’s immediate euphoric effects, which include • Physical symptoms such as muscle tension,
hyper-stimulation, reduced fatigue, and mental clarity, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred
depends on the route of administration. vision, rapid eye movement, faintness, and chills
High doses of cocaine and/or prolonged use can or sweating;
trigger paranoia. Smoking crack cocaine can produce • Increases in heart rate and blood pressure, a
a particularly aggressive paranoid behavior in users. special risk for people with circulatory or heart
When addicted individuals stop using cocaine, they often disease; and
become depressed, which may lead to further cocaine • Also, there is evidence that people who develop a
use to alleviate depression. Prolonged cocaine snorting rash that looks like acne after using MDMA may
can result in ulceration of the mucous membrane of the be risking severe side effects, including liver
nose and can damage the nasal septum enough to cause damage, if they continue to use the drug.
it to collapse. Cocaine-related deaths are often a result of
cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest.
Health and Safety
Rohypnol, GHB, and Ketamine after consuming less alcohol than men do over a shorter
Coma and seizures can occur following abuse of GHB period of time. Because alcohol affects many organs in
and, when combined with methamphetamine, there the body, long-term heavy drinking puts you at risk for
appears to be an increased risk of seizure. Combining use developing serious health problems, some of which are
with other drugs such as alcohol can result in nausea and described below.
difficulty breathing. GHB may also produce withdrawal Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: More than 2 million
effects, including insomnia, anxiety, tremors, and Americans suffer from alcohol-related liver disease. Some
sweating. In October 1996, because of concern about drinkers develop alcoholic hepatitis, or inflammation
Rohypnol, GHB, and other similarly abused sedative- of the liver, as a result of long-term heavy drinking. Its
hypnotics, Congress passed the Drug-Induced Rape symptoms include fever, jaundice (abnormal yellowing
Prevention and Punishment Act of 1996. This legislation of the skin, eyeballs, and urine), and abdominal pain.
increased federal penalties for use of any controlled Alcoholic hepatitis can cause death if drinking continues.
substance to aid in sexual assault. If drinking stops, this condition often is reversible. About
10 to 20 percent of heavy drinkers develop alcoholic
LSD cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver. Alcoholic cirrhosis can
The effects of LSD are unpredictable. They depend on cause death if drinking continues.
the amount taken; the user’s personality, mood, and
Heart Disease: Moderate drinking can have beneficial
expectations; and the surroundings in which the drug is
effects on the heart, especially among those at greatest
used. Usually, the user feels the first effects of the drug
risk for heart attacks, such as men over the age of 45 and
30 to 90 minutes after taking it. The physical effects
women after menopause. But long-term heavy drinking
include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased
increases the risk for high blood pressure, heart disease,
heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite,
and some kinds of stroke.
sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors.
Cancer: Long-term heavy drinking increases the risk of
LSD is not considered an addictive drug since it does
developing certain forms of cancer, especially cancer of
not produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior as do
the esophagus, mouth, throat, and voice box. Women are
cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, alcohol, and nicotine.
at slightly increased risk of developing breast cancer if
However, like many of the addictive drugs, LSD produces
they drink two or more drinks per day. Drinking may
tolerance, so some users who take the drug repeatedly
also increase the risk for developing cancer of the colon
must take progressively higher doses to achieve the state
and rectum.
of intoxication they had previously achieved. This is an
extremely dangerous practice, given the unpredictability Pancreatitis: The pancreas helps to regulate the body’s
of the drug. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) blood sugar levels by producing insulin. The pancreas
is funding studies that focus on the neurochemical and also has a role in digesting the food we eat. Long-term
behavioral properties of LSD. This research will provide a heavy drinking can lead to pancreatitis, or inflammation
greater understanding of the effects of the drug. of the pancreas. This condition is associated with severe
abdominal pain and weight loss and can be fatal.
Alcohol
If you are like many Americans, you may drink alcohol
occasionally. Or, like others, you may drink moderate
amounts of alcohol on a more regular basis. If you are a
woman or someone over the age of 65, this means that
you have no more than one drink per day; if you are a
man, this means that you have no more than two drinks
per day. Drinking at these levels usually is not associated
with health risks and can help to prevent certain forms of
heart disease.
Some problems can occur after drinking over a relatively
short period of time. But other problems, such as liver
disease, heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and
pancreatitis, often develop more gradually and may
become evident only after long-term heavy drinking.
Women may develop alcohol-related health problems

Health and Safety
Counseling, Treatment, and Genesis Multiple Addictions Recovery Center (MARC)

Rehabilitation Programs Address: West Central Park at Marquette,
The following national toll-free telephone numbers Davenport, IA 52804
are provided to assist any member of the University Phone: (563) 421-2900
who may require assistance in dealing with a drug or Intake: (563) 421-2901
alcohol problem. Website: http://www.genesishealth.com
• American Council on Alcoholism
(800) 527-5344: Addresses alcoholism as a New Life Outpatient Center Inc.,
treatable disease through public education, Address: Paul Revere Square, Suite 2000 North,
information, intervention, and referral; 2322 East Kimberly Road, Davenport, IA 52807
• Al-Anon Phone: (563) 355-0055
(888) 425-2666: Helps families and friends of Website: http://www.newlifeopc.com
alcoholics recover from the effects of living with
the problem drinking of a relative or friend; and Smoking Policy
Smoking is prohibited on the University campus except
• The National Institute on Drug Abuse Hotline
within designated areas. All smokers should be respectful
(800) 662-HELP/(800) 662-4357: Provides
of their fellow University members by disposing of their
information, support, treatment options, and
waste in the proper container.
referrals to local rehab centers for any drug or
alcohol problem.
Health and Wellness Requirements
For on-campus students in the State of Iowa, the following All students attending on-campus classes are required to
counseling services have been identified: complete an Emergency Contact form and return it to the
Center for Alcohol and Drug Services Student Success Office prior to their first day of classes
Address: 4869 Forest Grove Road, Bettendorf, IA 52722 and prior to the beginning of each fall semester thereafter.
Phone: (563) 332-9080 On-campus resident students are required to have an
Website: http://www.cads-ia.com updated Student Immunization Record form on file with
the Student Success Office prior to the first day of classes.
All returning on-campus resident students must submit an
Center for Alcohol and Drug Services—
updated form to the Student Success Office at the start of
Intake Outpatient Administration
each academic year prior to the first day of fall classes.
Address: 1523 South Fairmount Street,
Students participating in intercollegiate athletics are
Davenport, IA 52808
required to have a physical examination each academic
Phone: (563) 322-2667
year. This physical must be completed before the student
Website: http://www.cads-ia.com
begins athletic practice. All information provided
is confidential and kept on file in case of a campus
Center for Alcohol and Drug Services— emergency.
Country Oaks
Address: 12160 Utah Avenue, Davenport, IA 52804 Health Insurance Requirements
Phone: (563) 326-1150 It is recommended that all resident students maintain full
Website: http://www.cads-ia.com health insurance that includes coverage for major medical
events and hospitalization and to know the details of their
coverage and policy numbers. Students are responsible
Family Resources Inc., for their own health and accident insurance. Students
Wittenmyer Youth Center/Leslie East participating in intercollegiate athletics, as well as active
Address: 2800 Eastern Avenue, Davenport, IA 52803 physical education classes, are required to have full
Phone: (563) 326-6431 ext. 243 health and accident coverage through either a family or
Intake: (563) 326-6431 ext. 239 individual policy. Resident international students must
Website: http://www.famres.org purchase health insurance that provides coverage in the
United States.
The University provides access to insurance plans,
through a third-party vendor, for on-campus students.
Details concerning insurance plans are available in
the Student Success Office. Students must sign up for
Health and Safety
coverage to be eligible. Exclusions and limitations of Public Health, and the location where students can
apply. The University will not be held responsible for find out more information about Meningococcal Disease
medical bills that are incurred by students. It is the (American College Health Association website,
student’s responsibility to maintain adequate medical www.acha.org). Questions should be directed to your
insurance coverage. health care provider.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the
Health and Wellness Referrals United States Public Health Service report procedures
University life presents many new challenges and and recommendations for dealing with communicable
situations that individuals may not have experienced diseases. The University uses such guidelines in
previously. While many of these experiences may be determining reasonable care on a case-by-case basis.
welcomed, they may also overwhelm and/or leave one Students who know or suspect they may have a
feeling confused, discouraged, and anxious. communicable disease should contact the Director of
The Student Success staff can and will refer students to Student Success so that reasonable care and protection can
services for depression, suicidal thoughts, loneliness, be assured to them and to others.
anger, anxiety, intimacy/relationship issues, family Resident and on-campus commuter students taking
concerns, eating disorder/habits, self-esteem, sexuality/ medication routinely administered by injection, such as
gender identity issues, substance misuse concerns, insulin, must contact the Office of Student Success for
roommate conflicts, relationship issues, sexual assault/ access to and proper disposal and replacement of a sharp
abuse, domestic/dating violence, grief, and more. These disposal container for used needles and syringes. This
services may include the following: container is a requirement of the Occupational Safety and
• Short-term, confidential individual counseling; Health Administration (OSHA). Needles and syringes
must never be disposed of in regular waste receptacles.
• Support groups;
Needles and syringes must only be disposed of in proper
• Educational programming; disposal containers.
• Long-term mental health counseling and
specialized counseling therapy; and AIDS Policy
• Emergency and inpatient mental health services. The purpose of this policy is to provide a comprehensive
institutional policy and procedure statement on the
treatment of students and employees with Acquired
Medical Care Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and/or associated
The City of Clinton has several medical clinics including
conditions. It is the policy of Ashford University that
the following:
students and/or employees who have AIDS, AIDS-
• Medical Associates, 915 13th Ave. North (at the Related Complex (ARC), or Human Immunodeficiency
corner of 13th Ave. North and Springdale Drive), Virus (HIV) antibodies will be allowed normal classroom
(563) 243-2511; attendance; usual access to campus academic, social,
• Quality Urgent Care, 2745 Lincoln Way, athletic, and cultural activities; and/or performance of
(563) 244-2161; and regular duty assignments as long as they are physically
and psychologically able. Access to social areas will not
• Mercy Medical Center (hospital), located at
be restricted. The University campus coordinates AIDS
1410 North Fourth Street, (563) 244-5555.
prevention and education programs for students and
employees. Educational information is critical to impede
Health Alerts, Communicable Disease further spread of the disease.
Control, and Needle Safety Procedures
The University recognizes its responsibility to exercise Health Risks
reasonable care in protecting students, faculty, staff, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the
administrators, and visitors from health dangers while U.S. Public Health Service say AIDS is not a readily
on the campus. In April 2004, a bill was passed by the communicable disease. There are no known cases of
State of Iowa relating to distribution and collection of transmission by food, water, or casual contact. The virus
data regarding Meningococcal Disease vaccination. has not been spread in families that have one or more
Colleges and universities are now mandated to inform persons who have been diagnosed with AIDS.
all students who are enrolled in an institution of higher
education that has an on-campus dormitory or residence The current scientific understanding is that the AIDS virus
hall of the Meningococcal Disease vaccination, the annual is transmitted through transfer of body fluids into the
Anonymous Data Collection for the Iowa Department broken skin or mucous membranes of the recipient, most

Health and Safety
usually by sexual intercourse, through exchange of blood residence halls with infected individuals. Circumstances
that occurs when needles are shared by an infected person, may exist where students with HIV antibodies might be
or through blood transfusion from an infected person. exposed to certain contagious diseases in a close living
Considering current medical opinion, there is no basis for situation. Because of the medical need of such students to
routinely excluding or dismissing students because they exercise greater control over their environment, they will
have AIDS, ARC, or HIV antibodies. be offered appropriate options based upon consultation
with their personal physicians. Housing may offer private
Precautions rooms to protect the health of the immunodeficient student
The University adopts safety guidelines as proposed from the exposure to infectious diseases.
by the U.S. Public Health Service for the handling of Incidents of harassment, either emotional or physical,
the blood and body fluids of all persons, not just those toward students or employees who are either known
known to have HIV infection. When dealing with persons to be or suspected of being HIV positive will not be
who have AIDS, ARC, or HIV antibodies, University tolerated. Complaints should be handled according to
personnel follow the guidelines published by the Centers the policy regarding Sexual Harassment and Civil Rights
for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. Infringements.
Each University department is responsible for establishing
procedures to implement these guidelines to ensure Medical Emergencies
student and/or employee safety. In the case of a medical emergency, call 911 immediately.
Students and/or employees may contact the Student Then promptly report the emergency to the Campus
Success Office to obtain additional information about Security Office or to a Residence Life staff member.
AIDS and associated conditions and/or HIV testing.
Individuals requesting HIV testing will be referred to Fire Regulations
laboratories that can perform this testing. Open burning is not permitted on campus without written
permission from the Director of Campus Security.
Procedures Fire alarm boxes are directly connected to the Clinton
The University will not screen prospective and/or current County Law Enforcement Center. A fire can be reported
students and employees for HIV antibodies as part of the by pulling the lever on any of these boxes. If a fire is
regular admission or employment process. In accordance suspected, a student, faculty, or staff member should
with University policy, medical records, personnel files, immediately sound the building alarm and leave by the
and educational records are confidential, including nearest exit. Then call the Campus Security Office at
information related to AIDS. (563) 242-2752 and provide them with as much
Individuals with HIV antibodies who participate in information as possible.
activities where an exchange of body fluids such as Turning in a false alarm is both dangerous and illegal.
blood may occur (e.g., contact sports, educational THE CURRENT FINE IS $100 PLUS CRIMINAL
laboratory settings, etc.) should discuss the advisability of PROSECUTION FOR REPORTING A FALSE ALARM.
participation with their physicians. The participant who A SIGNIFICANT FINE IS ALSO ASSESSED FOR
is positive for HIV antibodies has the responsibility to MISUSE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.
inform other participants of the possibility of transmission.
All students, faculty, and staff must evacuate buildings
Individuals with HIV antibodies will not be restricted whenever a fire alarm sounds, regardless of the time
access to food service areas, nor will food service workers of day or outside weather conditions. Fire evacuation
be so restricted, unless they show evidence of another instructions are posted on each floor and in each
infection, condition, or illness for which there should be classroom. Carefully read and note the exit route to be
such restrictions. All food service workers should follow used in the event of a fire emergency. All resident
recommended standards and practices of sanitation and students must leave the residence halls whenever a fire
personal hygiene. alarm sounds.
Occupants of residence halls will not be advised if another
resident has tested positive for HIV antibodies. Current
medical information indicates there is no risk in sharing
Health and Safety
Evacuating a Building Severe Weather
• When an alarm sounds, keep low to the floor if In the case of severe weather, listen for a warning siren
there is smoke in the room. and/or radio announcements. (On campus, an air horn will
• Feel the door or doorknob before opening any be used to signal warnings or impending danger.) The
doors. If either is hot, do not open the door. If no severe weather/tornado siren sounds a steady blast or tone
heat is felt, open the door slightly to check for for three minutes. When a severe weather/tornado warning
heat or heavy smoke. If heat or heavy smoke is occurs, be prepared to take cover in a designated shelter
present outside the room, close the door and stay area. Campus Security staff, faculty, staff members, and
in the room until help arrives. Residence Life staff will assist students in moving to
designated areas on campus. All students must move
• If you are unable to leave the room, seal up to the designated areas for the duration of the warning!
the cracks around the door using wet clothing, Please note that it is everyone’s individual responsibility
sheets, etc. Hang an object out the window, to be prepared and to educate themselves accordingly in
such as a jacket, shirt, sheet, etc. to attract the event of impending severe weather.
attention. If a phone is available, call Campus
Security at (563) 242-2752 and inform them of Campus Security and Residence Life staff will notify
your location. students when the “all clear” signal has been issued by
the Clinton Police Department. Students will then be
• If you are able to leave the room, go to the allowed to leave the designated areas. Students are asked
nearest exit or stairway. Never use the elevator! to cooperate with all directives given by University staff.
If the exit is blocked, try another exit. Close all
doors behind you as you go. NEVER USE THE FIRE ALARM FOR
• If you cannot find a clear exit, go to a higher NOTIFICATION OF SEVERE WEATHER.
floor and signal for help by waving or shouting In the case of severe weather, listen to local radio stations
out a window. KROS, AM 1340; The Eagle, FM 94.7; or KCLN, AM
• If you try to escape through a smoke-filled room 1390 or watch Quad-City area television stations WHBF,
or corridor, move quickly in a crouched position. Channel 4; KWQC, Channel 6; or WQAD, Channel 8.
Cover your head and body with something that
can be easily discarded should it catch on fire
(preferably wet) and breathe through a wet cloth,
taking short breaths through your nose.
• After evacuating the building, stand clear;
emergency equipment will need to maneuver
around the buildings. Stay away from main
entrances.
• Follow all directions given by fire and police
personnel, Campus Security staff, or Residence
Life staff.
• Even if an alarm has been turned off, you should
not return to the building until authorized to do
so by a Fire Department official. Never re-enter a
burning building.

Notice of Nondiscrimination
Ashford University is an educational institution that
admits academically qualified students of any race,
Section Three color, or national origin to all the rights, privileges,
programs, and activities generally available to students at
the University. The University does not discriminate in
employment or in its educational programs and activities
on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic origin,
religion, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, or veteran
status. The University is an equal opportunity employer
and complies with all federal, state, and local laws.
Disability Services
In accordance with Section 504 the Rehabilitation Act
of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of
1990, and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, Ashford
University prohibits discrimination on the basis of a
disability. The University is committed to providing
an equal opportunity to access a full educational
experience and reasonable accommodations will be
granted to students who present documentation of
disability and are otherwise qualified to participate.
Students are responsible for disclosing disability
information and requesting accommodation, in accordance
with University requirements. Current documentation
Student Rights & of the disability must be provided by a qualified health

care professional. Authorized accommodations are based
upon documented disability and the functional effects of
Responsibilities the disability upon the student’s educational endeavor.

Accommodations are not retroactive. The determination
of reasonable accommodation resides with the Disability
Services Coordinator.
Students who believe they are in need of accommodations
should contact the Disability Services Office at
disabilityservices@ashford.edu. Students who have a
concern about their disability services may contact the
Disability Services Manager. Formal complaints will
be handled in accordance with the Ashford University
Grievance Procedure for Student Complaints.
The Family Educational Rights

and Privacy Act of 1974
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
affords students certain rights with respect to their
education records. These rights include the following:
1. The right to inspect and review the student’s education
records within 45 days of the day the University
receives a request for access.
a. Students should submit written requests that identify
the record(s) they wish to inspect to the University
Registrar or the Campus Registrar. The Registrar
will make arrangements for access and notify the
student of the time and place where the records may
19
Student Rights & Responsibilities
be inspected. If the records are not maintained by the • A person or organization acting as an official
Registrar’s Office, the Registrar’s Office will facilitate agent of the institution and performing a business
the student’s access to the requested records. function or service on behalf of the institution;
2. The right to request the amendment of the student’s • A person serving on the Board of Trustees; or
education records that the student believes is • A student serving on an official committee, such
inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the as a disciplinary or grievance committee, or
student’s privacy rights under FERPA. assisting another school official in performing his
a. Students may ask the University to amend a record or her professional responsibilities.
that they believe is inaccurate, misleading or otherwise b. Upon request, the University discloses education
in violation of the student’s privacy rights under records without consent to officials of another school in
FERPA. They should write the Registrar, clearly which a student seeks or intends to enroll, or is already
identifying the part of the record they want changed, enrolled so long as the disclosure is for purposes
and specifying why it should be changed. related to the student’s enrollment or transfer.
b. If the University decides not to amend the record as c. The University may disclose education records
requested by the student, the University Registrar will without consent to parents in the following
notify the student in writing of the decision and advise circumstances:
the student of his or her right to a hearing regarding • When a student is a dependent student as defined
the request for amendment. Additional information in Section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of
regarding the hearing procedures will be provided to 1986;
the student when notified of the right to a hearing.
• When the student has violated any Federal, State,
c. If, as a result of the hearing, Ashford University or local law, or any rule or policy of Ashford
decides that the information in the education record is University, governing the use or possession of
not inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation alcohol or a controlled substance if Ashford
of the privacy rights of the student, the student will be University determines that the student has
afforded the opportunity to place with the education committed a disciplinary violation with respect
record a statement commenting on the contested to that use or possession, and the student is under
information in the record and/or a statement setting the age of 21 at the time of the disclosure to the
forth any reason for disagreeing with the decision of parent; or
the hearing. The statement placed in the education
record by the student will be maintained with the • The disclosure is in connection with a health or
contested part of the record for as long as the record is safety emergency.
maintained. When the related record is disclosed to an d. The University may also disclose education records
authorized party, the record will include the statement without consent when the information is deemed
filed by the student. necessary to protect the health or safety of the student
3. The right to provide written consent prior to disclosures or other individuals in an emergency.
of personally identifiable information contained in the e. Directory information can be published and/or
student’s education records, except to the extent that disclosed to outside organizations without a student’s
FERPA authorizes disclosure without consent. prior written consent. “Directory information” means
a. An exception, which permits disclosure without information contained in an education record of
consent, is disclosure to school officials with a student that would not generally be considered
legitimate educational interests. A school official has harmful or an invasion of privacy if disclosed. If you
a legitimate educational interest if the official needs do not want Ashford University to disclose directory
to review an education record in order to fulfill his or information from your education records without your
her professional responsibilities for the University. A prior written consent, you must notify the University
school official may include any of the following: Registrar in writing. A request for nondisclosure of
• A person employed by the University in an directory information is valid unless or until the student
administrative, supervisory, academic, research, requests a change in writing. Ashford University has
or support staff position (including law designated the following information as directory
enforcement unit personnel and health staff); information:
• A person or company with whom the University • Student’s name
has contracted (such as an attorney, auditor, or • Participation in officially recognized activities
collection agent); and sports
• Address If the student has an official name change, he or she must
• Telephone listing complete the Ashford University Name Change form and
provide copies of a Social Security card reflecting the new
• Weight and height of members of athletic teams name, along with supplemental documentation, as outlined
• Electronic mail address on the Name Change form, to the Office of the Registrar.
• Photograph
Sexual Harassment and
• Degrees, honors, and awards received
Civil Rights Infringements
• Date and place of birth
• Major field of study
Principle
The University is committed to maintaining a humane
• Dates of attendance atmosphere in which individuals do not abuse their
• Grade level personal and/or professional authority or power
in interpersonal relationships. More specifically,
• The most recent educational agency or institution
administration, faculty, staff, and students will not
attended
condone actions or works that a reasonable person would
• Enrollment status (e.g. undergraduate or regard as either discrimination or harassment.
graduate, full-time or part-time)
• Class rosters within the classroom Definitions
Harassment: An act, verbal or nonverbal, that causes
4. The right to file a complaint with the U.S. Department
a person to feel intimidated, threatened, abused, or
of Education concerning alleged failures by Ashford
assaulted. At least partial evidence that harassment has
University to comply with the requirements of FERPA.
occurred is based upon the feelings of the offended
The name and address of the Office that administers
party. Harassment includes conduct that has the effect of
FERPA is:
creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment
Family Policy Compliance Office for a student, faculty, or staff member and has the effect of
U.S. Department of Education substantially interfering with the academic performance
400 Maryland Avenue, SW or extracurricular activity of a student or the work
Washington, DC 20202-5920 performance of a faculty/staff member.
Sexual Harassment: An attempt to coerce an unwilling
Electronic Communication person into a sexual relationship; to subject a person to
Email is considered an official form of University-related
unwanted sexual attention; to punish a refusal to comply;
communication. It is recommended that students check
or to create a sexually intimidating, hostile, or offensive
their email at least 3 to 4 times per week in order to
educational or working environment.
stay current with University-related communications.
Students have the responsibility to recognize that certain Discrimination: Any distinction, derogatory reference,
communications may be time-critical. Failure to check or favor for or against an individual compared to others
for messages and failure to receive messages due to full that is based upon an individual’s gender, race, color,
mailboxes, spam filtering, or auto-forwarded email are age, creed, national or ethnic origin, physical or mental
not acceptable excuses for missing official University disability, or sexual preference.
communications. Online students must additionally
maintain and provide the University with an email Sexual Harassment of a Student
address for correspondence with University administration by Another Student
and faculty. Any unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual
favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a
Name Changes sexual nature by a student toward another student are
If Ashford University becomes aware that a student’s inappropriate behaviors and constitute sexual harassment
name recorded in the Ashford University system does when such conduct interferes with a student’s living or
not match the student’s official name as reflected by studying conditions or creates an intimidating, hostile, or
the United States Social Security Administration, the offensive environment for that student.
Registrar’s Office will change the name in all systems to
reflect the student’s legal name.

Sexual Harassment of a Faculty/Staff Member Individuals with complaints of this nature also always
by a Student have the legal right to file a formal complaint with the
Any unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual Office for Civil Rights (OCR), United States Department
favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C.
sexual nature directed by a student toward a faculty/ 20201.
staff member are inappropriate behaviors and constitute
sexual harassment when such conduct interferes with a Grievance Procedure for
faculty or staff member’s University duties or creates Student Complaints
an intimidating, hostile, or offensive living or working The Ashford University community benefits from
environment for the faculty or staff member. formal procedures that encourage prompt resolution of
complaints and concerns that students may have about the
Sexual Harassment of a Student implementation of policies and procedures that govern
by a Faculty/Staff Member the institution.
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, Students pursuing grades appeals, transfer credit appeals,
and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature appeals of satisfactory academic progress dismissal, or
by a faculty or staff member toward a student are held to appeals of Student Conduct Committee findings, should
constitute sexual harassment when: follow the procedures for these appeals outlined elsewhere
1. Submission to such sexual conduct is made either in this Catalog. For financial complaints, students should
explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of rating first contact his or her designated financial services
an individual’s educational development or advisor (or supervisor), or email studentfinancehelp@
performance; or ashford.edu.
2. Such conduct has the purpose or effect of interfering Informal Dispute Resolution: A Necessary First Step
with a student’s educational performance or creating before Filing Formal Complaints
an intimidating, hostile, or offensive living or studying Before pursuing the formal complaint process, every
environment for that student. reasonable effort should be made to constructively resolve
While a particular interaction must be offensive to an issues with faculty, staff, or administrators, including
unwilling person to be defined as harassment, faculty and following procedures for formal appeal identified above.
staff members and other persons of authority should be Whenever possible, the problem or complaint should
sensitive to questions about mutuality of consent that may first be discussed with the individual involved in the
be raised and to the conflict of interests that are inherent complaint. If satisfactory resolution is not reached after
in personal relationships that result from professional and discussion with the individual, the student should contact
educational interactions. Harassment in any situation is the individual’s direct supervisor to attempt to resolve the
reprehensible; it is particularly damaging when it exploits complaint. If these efforts are unsuccessful, the formal
the educational dependence and trust between students complaint process may be initiated.
and faculty/staff. When the authority and power inherent Formal Complaint Process:
in faculty/staff relationships with students, whether
• The complaint must be presented in writing and
overtly, implicitly, or through misinterpretation, is abused
sent via email attachment or other written form.
in any way, there is potentially great damage to the
It should describe the alleged incident(s) and any
individual student, to the accused, and to the climate of
corrective action sought.
the University.
• The complaint should be signed by the initiator
Complaints Concerning Discrimination or, in the case of an email submission, sent as
and/or Harassment a Microsoft Word attachment in letter format
Ashford University does not discriminate or harass in our and should contain the name and all contact
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national information for the student. Any supporting
origin, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, documentation and evidence shall be referenced
age, religion, or any other characteristic protected by state, within the body of the formal complaint. The
local, or federal law. Students who believe they have been words “this constitutes a formal complaint” must
subjected to discrimination or harassment in violation be included in the subject line of the complaint.
of this policy should follow the procedure outlined in 1. The written complaint should clearly and
the Grievance Procedure for Student Complaints. This concisely describe the alleged incident(s) and any
process is intended to provide a fair, prompt, and reliable corrective action sought.
determination about whether the Ashford University
nondiscrimination policy has been violated.
2. The complaint’s supporting documentation must delegate decision making authority to a grievance
clearly demonstrate all informal efforts to resolve committee consisting of representatives from the
the issue(s). This includes, names, dates and following Departments: Compliance, Academics,
times of attempted or actual contact along with a Registrar, Student Success, Finance, Student
description of the discussion and the manner of Affairs, and/or Enrollment.
communication made in the course of each effort. • The investigator may contact or request a
3. The initiator shall attach to the complaint all meeting with either the initiator or the respondent
contact information supporting the efforts made as part of the investigation. The initiator or
to resolve the issue(s) before filing the formal the respondent may also request to meet and
complaint. discuss the allegations with the investigator
• Students presenting complaints for resolution and may offer any witnesses in support of their
must present them within thirty (30) days of the position to the investigator during the course of
incident prompting the complaint or from the the investigation. Any party to a complaint has
date of knowledge of the incident prompting the right to have an advocate present during the
the complaint. This means the complaint must investigation meetings and discussions. Such
be filed on or before thirty (30) days from when an advocate must be a member of the Ashford
the initiator knew, or should have known, of the University Community: student, faculty member,
alleged action(s). academic advisor, or staff member. The disputing
parties must advise the investigator of the
• Except in cases where it is determined by identity of an advocate or witness at least five (5)
Ashford University administration that notice days before the date of the meeting between the
may endanger the health or safety of the initiator parties. The student’s advocate may not act as an
or other persons, the person or persons named in attorney or formally represent the student. These
the complaint will be notified of the complaint by procedures are entirely academic in nature and
the appropriate party. are not considered legal proceedings. No audio
• The following persons have been designated or video recording of any kind is permitted, nor
to formally investigate grievances at Ashford is formal, legal representation allowed. At his or
University, handle inquiries, and to coordinate her sole discretion, the investigator may prohibit
the University’s compliance efforts regarding from attending or remove any person who
student complaints and grievances: disrupts the investigation.
• The Vice President of Academic Affairs,
Adriana DeJong University Provost, or Vice President of Student
Student Grievance Resolution Coordinator Services will determine whether a violation of
858-513-9240, ext. 3317 the Ashford University policies has occurred and
respond to the student in writing within thirty
Natalie De Witte (30) business days* from receipt of a complaint.
Student Grievance Resolution Coordinator If the Vice President of Academic Affairs,
858-513-9240, ext. 3488 University Provost, or Director of Student Affairs
determines that a policy has been violated, they
Jenefer Gilbert may also recommend corrective action.
Student Grievance Resolution Coordinator
858-513-9240, ext. 2993 • The decision of the Vice President of Academic
Affairs, University Provost, or Vice President of
Email contact: Student Services may be appealed by petitioning
GrievanceResolution@ashford.edu the President of the University. The written
appeal must be made within twenty (20) business
• Generally, the Vice President of Academic days* of receipt of the determination letter
Affairs, University Provost, or Vice President from the Vice President of Academic Affairs
of Student Services will have decision making or the Vice President of Student Services. The
authority in regards to formal complaints. President, or his/her designee, will render a
These individuals may appoint a third party or written decision on the appeal within twenty (20)
parties to investigate the dispute and present business days* from receipt of the appeal. The
a recommendation to them. In most cases, the President’s decision shall be final.
Vice President of Academic Affairs, University
Provost, or Vice President of Student Services *Business day is defined to mean normal operating
hours, Monday through Friday, excluding recognized
national holidays. In cases where additional time is needed Students who are administratively dropped from a course
in the investigation of a complaint, students will be for not meeting attendance requirements are not eligible
notified accordingly. to receive an “I” grade. Students who are not able to
Tennessee Residents: Any grievances not resolved on complete at least 75% of the course prior to requesting an
the institutional level may be forwarded to the Tennessee incomplete grade are also ineligible.
Higher Education Commission, Nashville, TN 37243- Note: Please refer to the Catalog’s Academic Information
0830, (615) 741-3293. and Policies-General, Incomplete Grades, for complete
details on Ashford University’s Incomplete Grade policy.
Office of the Ombudsman
Ashford University maintains an Office of the Grade Appeal Procedure
Ombudsman to assist and investigate issues concerning All grades may be appealed in writing within fourteen
students that are brought to the attention of the office by (14) days after the grade in dispute is granted, through the
members of the University community. The Office of the following procedure:
Ombudsman provides confidential, neutral, impartial, and • The student should first discuss his or her
informal dispute resolution services and subscribes to the concerns with the instructor who issued
International Ombudsman’s Associations Code of Ethics the grade.
and Standards of Practice. Contact may be made by e-mail
at ombudsman@ashford.edu or phone at 866-974-5700, • If the student is not satisfied with the grade
ext. 3097. issued in the class, he or she should appeal to
the instructor in writing for reconsideration of
Grade Appeals the grade.
• If the student is not satisfied with the outcome
Basis for a Grade Appeal
of appeal to the instructor of the course, online
Grades may be appealed based on the student’s perception
students may appeal to the Director of the
that any of the following conditions exist:
Center for External Studies via the Grade Appeal
• An error was made in the calculation of the form and campus students may appeal to the
course grade. Dean of the college in which the student is
• The instructor was incorrect with respect to an enrolled. Appeals will not be accepted without
objective fact within the discipline and this error documentation that the student has made a
affected the student’s final grade. written appeal to the instructor.
Students experiencing extreme temporary hardship during • If the Director of the Center for External Studies
the last 25% of a course should request an incomplete is the instructor of the course, the student may
grade through their instructor prior to the course end appeal to the Dean of the college in which the
date. However, there may be extreme circumstances that student is enrolled. If the Dean of the college
prohibit a student from making this request prior to the is the instructor of the course, the student may
conclusion of a course. To appeal for an “I” grade after appeal to the Vice President of Academic Affairs.
the end date of a course, the student must fax or email the • Unless otherwise qualified above, the Dean of
written grade appeal with official documentation of the the college in which the student is enrolled is the
hardship experienced. An incomplete grade or a grade final decision maker on all grade appeals.
of “W” may be approved and applied for the following
documented reasons that directly impacted the student’s Student Rights and Student
ability to complete the course requirements or program Conduct Regulations
during the last 25% of the course: Ashford University is responsible for creating and
• Documented military duty that resulted in an maintaining an environment that is conducive to the
inability to continue in the course or program; pursuit of learning and living and to the development
• Documented personal or family medical of students as scholars and citizens. Ashford University
emergency; is committed to preserving the exercise of freedom of
inquiry, freedom of thought, freedom of discussion
• Documented act of nature; and expression, and the right of petition and peaceful
• Documented death in the family; or assembly. Each student shall enjoy certain freedoms
• Documented temporary severe economic as a member of the academic community and should
hardship. exercise his or her freedoms with responsibility. The
responsibility to secure and maintain conditions conducive Conduct regulations apply to misconduct only when the
to the freedom to learn is shared by all members of the conduct adversely affects some distinct and clear interest
University community. of the University academic community. Students who act
University regulations are necessary to safeguard the in concert to violate the University regulations, or students
mission of Ashford University, thus protecting the who advise or incite to violate the University regulations,
freedom of students to learn without undue interference are also responsible for such violations.
by others. If violations of conduct regulations occur, the When students violate local, state, or federal law(s) off
University community must respond in ways that protect campus, they may incur penalties as determined by local,
the rights and freedoms of all members of the community. state, or federal authorities. Institutional actions shall not
The welfare and development of the individual student are be used to duplicate functions of general laws, but when
primary concerns. Rights and freedoms imply duties and the violation of the law also adversely affects the orderly
responsibilities, and all of these duties and responsibilities operation of the University, the University may enforce
require orderly procedures for implementation. To fulfill its own regulations regardless of any federal, state, or
its function as an educational institution and to protect the local legal proceedings or dispositions. University action
rights of all the members of the University community, will be initiated only when the institution’s interest as an
the University has the right and the duty to maintain order academic community is clearly involved.
within the University and to exclude persons who disrupt
the educational process. When necessary, the University Statement of Student Rights
will call upon the local, state, and/or federal authorities to It is the policy of Ashford University to guarantee that
maintain order. each student shall enjoy certain rights as a member of the
academic community.
Student Freedom
1. A student shall have the right to participate in
Freedom of Inquiry and Expression University-sponsored services and activities without
Ashford University is committed to preserving the discrimination or harassment based on the student’s
exercise of freedom of inquiry, freedom of thought, and race, creed, color, national origin, age, sex, or other
freedom of discussion and expression and the right of classification that deprives the person of consideration
petition and peaceful assembly. Special attention should as an individual.
be noted that a student who exercises his/her rights as a 2. A student shall be provided with a clear statement
private citizen, whether individually or collectively, must of basic rights, obligations, and responsibilities
assume full responsibility for the consequences of such concerning academic and nonacademic conduct.
actions and must not identify their position or actions as
representing the University. 3. A student has the right to be evaluated solely on the
basis of academic achievement and fulfillment of the
Exercise of Rights of Citizenship educational requirements with freedom of expression
On-campus students are both members of the academic protected and respected.
community and citizens of the Clinton community. 4. A student shall have the right to join associations
As members of the academic community, students are without fear of charges being brought based solely on
entitled to all the rights and protections enjoyed by other such membership.
members of the community. Students are also subject to
5. A student shall have the right of protection from
obligations by virtue of this membership. As citizens of
maintenance by the University of Records reflecting
the Clinton community, students are subject to all local,
the student’s beliefs or his/her political activity and
state, and federal laws, the enforcement of which is the
associations, except for counseling records, health
responsibility of duly constituted local, state, and federal
records, and records of disciplinary proceedings. Also,
authorities.
a student shall have the right of protection from release
to persons outside the University community of such
Institutional Authority and Local, State, records as well as academic and disciplinary records
and Federal Penalties without the express consent of the student or
When students violate University regulations, they are a court order.
subject to disciplinary action by the University, whether or
not their conduct violates local, state, or federal laws. By 6. A student shall have the right to petition for change
committing an act of misconduct, a student or organization in either academic or nonacademic regulations,
may be subject to disciplinary action by the University. procedures, or practices.

7. A student shall have the right of due process in any All students are expected to make themselves familiar
action that can reasonably be expected to affect the with the Code of Student Conduct (hereinafter referred
student’s status with the University brought or taken to as Code). Ignorance of this Code, including behavioral
by the University or any of its constituent parts or expectations, specific prohibited conduct, or penalties for
agencies. misconduct is not a defense to, nor grounds for, excusing
The due process rights in cases under the Code of Student violations of the Code.
Conduct shall include the right to the following: In support of this goal, the University reserves the right
• Have a prompt hearing; to refuse admission to any applicant whose behavior
is deemed inappropriate based on communication with
• Be protected from self-incrimination; University employees. Admissions decisions are final.
• Be protected from arbitrary and capricious The University reserves the right to create, modify, or
charges; make changes to the Code from time to time, as needed, or
• Be protected from arbitrary, malicious, or unjust when it determines necessary in particular circumstances.
sanctions; The Code may also be extended or amended to apply to
• Have a fair and impartial hearing; new and unanticipated situations that may arise.
• Challenge the membership of the hearing board; Misconduct

• Be treated and considered innocent until proven It is the intention of this Code to clarify the standards
otherwise by preponderance of the evidence; of behavior essential to the University’s educational
• Have an advocate; mission and its community life. The Code is not written
with the specificity of criminal statutes, nor standards
• Be notified of charges and to have charges applicable to criminal prosecution. In addition, the Code
explained; is not an exhaustive attempt to codify every possible type
• Present evidence and witnesses; and of problematic behavior. Violations of the Code in any
• Challenge not only the facts of the case but also form may be grounds for immediate expulsion, even for
the rule itself. first-time offenses. Any attempt to commit or conceal an
act of misconduct prohibited by these rules is subject to
8. A student shall have the right to protection from sanctions to the same extent as completed acts.
placement of non-University financial obligations
on the student’s account without the express written Misconduct is defined as any prohibited conduct on the
consent of the student. University campus, at a University-sponsored event,
or in a University online classroom for which a student
9. A student shall have the right to protection from ex post or guest is subject to University disciplinary action. In
facto regulations. addition, students are subject to discipline for engaging
10. A student shall have the right to have a clearly defined in prohibited behaviors, regardless of the location of their
means to participate in the formulation and application commission, if the behavior at issue directly and adversely
of institutional policy affecting both academic and affects the University or members of the University
non-academic services. The student’s participation community. Misconduct includes, without limitation, the
shall include the right to gain access to information, to following kinds of willful acts.
express a view, and to have views considered. Violence: Any act of violence, force, coercion, threat,
or intimidation; physical abuse or assault (including
Code of Student Conduct sexual assault) upon any person; conduct that threatens
All students of the University are expected to conduct
or endangers the health or safety of any person; physical
themselves in such a manner as to be a credit to
detainment of any person against his/her will; or
themselves and to the University. As responsible
possession, storage, use of, or attempt or threat to use any
individuals, they are expected to seek the resolution of all
kind of ammunition, firecrackers, explosives, firearms,
issues through the process of reason. Moreover, students
or weapons.
have a responsibility to comply with all University
policies and procedures. In a community of learning Property: Theft of, damage to, defacement, or
and living, individual or group conduct that is unlawful, destruction of University property or the property of
disrupts or interferes with the educational process, causes others; vandalism; and alteration, fabrication, misuse,
destruction of property, or otherwise infringes upon the or destruction of University documents, records,
rights of other members of the University community or identification cards/access cards, or parking stickers.
of the University itself cannot be tolerated.
Disruption: Obstruction, disruption, or attempts Online Communication: Written communication in an
at obstruction or disruption of teaching, research, online community is an extremely important factor in
administration, disciplinary procedures, or other online educational programs. The ability to communicate
University or University-authorized activities, functions, clearly and effectively is crucial to the success of all
events, or operations; blocking the entrance or exit of online learning programs. Professional language relevant
any University facility or building or any corridor or to the course content should be used in the online
room therein; blocking or impeding normal pedestrian discussion postings. Students are expected to follow the
or vehicular traffic on or adjacent to University property; rules of Netiquette, as posted in their online courses. The
lewd, indecent, or disorderly conduct; failure to comply following behaviors are disruptive to the online learning
with the directive of a University official; obscene conduct environment and will not be tolerated:
or expression or participation in a riot. (Nonexclusive • Flaming: Flaming is the term used for behaving
examples include inappropriate communication in an disrespectfully to others online. This behavior
online environment, loud noises after residence hall includes, but is not limited to, mocking, shouting,
quiet hours, food fights, disrespect of another person’s cursing, humiliating, and discriminating against
belongings, public intoxication, false fire alarms, someone in the online environment.
tampering with smoke alarms or other fire equipment, and
the breach of University peace.) • Disrespect: Impolite and impertinent behavior
such as putting down or cursing your instructor
Harassment: Harassment of any kind will not be tolerated or any student in an online classroom will not
by the University and will be dealt with in accordance be tolerated.
with University policies regarding harassment.
• Offensiveness: An online classroom is not
Trespass: Unauthorized entry into, presence in, seizure, the place for graphic terminology, sexual
or occupation of any University facility that is locked, discussions, swearing, or any pornographic
closed to student activities, “used outside of normal posted resources. Inappropriate language and materials
hours,” or otherwise restricted as to its use. of this nature are inexcusable and constitute
Illegal Activity: Any actions considered in violation of unacceptable behavior.
federal, state, and local codes. Examples include but are • Discrimination: Derogatory statements about
not limited to alcohol- and drug-related offenses and race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion,
gambling. sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, and
Fraud: Any misrepresentation, forgery, alteration, misuse, veterans will not be tolerated. This includes the
or embezzlement of University documents, equipment, use of threatening, harassing, sexually explicit
records, funds, property, or instruments of identification or discriminatory language, or conduct that
(e.g., access cards or passwords) is considered fraud. violates state and/or federal law or the Ashford
Writing checks that fail to clear within thirty (30) days is University Sexual Harassment and Civil Rights
prohibited. After notification that a check was returned Infringements policy and Ashford University
for insufficient funds, students must provide immediate Notice of Nondiscrimination.
restitution to the check holder. The act is considered theft • Solicitation: It is against policy and
and has a direct effect on the relationship between the inappropriate for students to use the
student and the University. communication channels within Blackboard to
Drugs and/or Alcohol: Using or being under the influence solicit other users for personal or professional
of alcohol or illegal drugs on campus, while in class, reasons. Students may not send emails to
at University-sanctioned events, or when meeting with classmates or post messages that attempt to sell
University personnel is subject to disciplinary action. products, promote business, or solicit employees.
Computer, Telephone, and Communication Misuses: Use of Technology Resources: University technology
The University prohibits violations of the privacy of resources are to be used to advance the University’s
others (including prejudicial or discriminatory attacks) mission of education, scholarship, and service. Students
and the abuse of resources, copyright laws, and illegal may use these resources for purposes related to their
file sharing while using any electronic device or system. studies or research or other University-sanctioned
Communication used in the course of committing a activities. These resources include, but are not limited
crime or obscene, profane, lewd, vulgar, pornographic, to, hardware (including telephones, computers, and
threatening, or inflammatory language, video, graphics or traditional media equipment) either owned or leased
telephone messages are prohibited. by the University, software, and consulting time (and
expertise) of the Information Technology Services or
other University technology support staff. The use of

technology resources provided by the University for • Use for personal monetary gain or for
commercial or other purposes not directly related to commercial purposes that are not directly related
study, research, or University-sanctioned activities should to University business;
be considered as secondary activities (i.e., personal or • Sending copies of documents in violation of
otherwise). Should such secondary activity in any way copyright laws;
interfere with primary activities, the secondary activity
must be terminated immediately. • Inclusion of the work of others into electronic
mail communications in violation of copyright
Many of the University’s technology resources are shared laws;
among the entire University community. The use of these
resources shall not violate law or the rights of others. • Capture and “opening” of electronic mail except
Prohibited activities include, but are not limited to: as required in order for authorized employees to
diagnose and correct delivery problems;
• Activities that violate copyright or other
intellectual property rights of others, including • Use of electronic mail to harass or intimidate
but not limited to, the infringing use of peer-to- others or to interfere with the ability of others to
peer file sharing services; conduct University business;
• Sending copies of documents in violation of • Use of electronic mail systems for any purpose
copyright laws via electronic mail or any other restricted or prohibited by laws or regulations;
electronic transmission; • “Spoofing,” (i.e., constructing an electronic mail
• Inclusion of the work of others into electronic communication so it appears to be from someone
mail communications or any other electronic else);
transmission in violation of copyright laws; • “Snooping,” (i.e., obtaining access to the files
• Activities that obstruct usage or deny access to or electronic mail of others for the purpose of
technology resources; satisfying idle curiosity, with no substantial
University business purpose);
• Activities that could be considered as harassing,
libelous or obscene; • Flaming, disrespect, offensiveness,
discrimination or solicitation as outlined in the
• Activities that violate University policies; Online Communication section above; or
• Activities that violate local, state, or federal laws; • Attempting unauthorized access to electronic
• Unauthorized use of computer accounts; mail or attempting to breach any security
• Impersonating other individuals; measures on any electronic mail system, or
attempting to intercept any electronic mail
• Attempts to exploit or explore security transmissions without proper authorization.
provisions, either at the University or elsewhere;
Monitoring of Email Communications: The University
• Activities that invade the right to privacy does not intend to monitor individual electronic mail as a
of others; routine matter, but may do so at any time as the University
• Destruction or alteration of data belonging deems necessary for purposes of maintaining the integrity
to others; and effective operation of the student email system. No
• Creating, using or distributing computer viruses; facility exists on this system for the sending or receiving
of private communications.
• Allowing other individuals to use your account
or password, including for the purpose of The University reserves the right to inspect and disclose
meeting attendance requirements in an online the contents of email as follows: in the course of an
class; investigation triggered by indications of misconduct
or misuse; as needed to protect the health and safety
• Disruption or unauthorized monitoring of of students and staff; as needed to prevent interference
electronic communications or of computer with the academic mission; as needed for technical
accounts; and troubleshooting or spam/content filtering; or as needed
• Inappropriate/widespread email distribution. to locate substantive information required for University
Electronic Mail: The following uses of electronic mail are business that is not more readily available by some
prohibited: other means.
• Personal use that creates a direct cost for the

University;
Violation of Federal Copyright Laws Note: These penalties are subject to change as deemed
Any member of the University community who appropriate and necessary by Ashford University
participates in the unauthorized distribution of administration.
copyrighted material, including peer-to-peer file sharing, Emergency Administrative Leave of Absence: In
may be subject to civil and criminal liabilities in addition situations requiring immediate action, and after
to sanctions imposed by the University. Violations per consultation with concerned individuals (e.g., students,
offense include: faculty, administrators, other staff members, internship
Civil—Damages may be awarded in the amount of: or student teaching supervisors, etc.), the Vice President
of Academic Affairs, Director of Student Success, the
• Actual damages suffered as a result of the
Provost, the Vice President of Student Services, or the
infringement
Director of Student Affairs may place the student on an
• Statutory damages of not less than $200 or administrative leave of absence. During this leave of
more than $25,000 unless willful infringement absence, the University administration will undertake,
is found in which case a maximum statutory in a timely fashion, assessment of the circumstances and
penalty of $150,000 per infringement per severity of the student’s behavior. Students will remain on
work can be awarded (See 17 U.S.C. §§ 501 an administrative leave of absence no more than 30 days.
et seq. (infringement) and §§ 1201 et seq. Within that 30-day period, the University administration
(circumvention of technological copyright will follow University procedures for administration of
protection measures)). the Code of Student Conduct and render a decision as to
Actual damages for infringement can be significantly the penalties, if any, to be imposed by Ashford University.
higher including profits made from infringement. Students on Emergency Administrative Leave of Absence
may not be allowed to return to campus or to participate in
Criminal—Willful infringement of copyrighted material
University classes or events.
for commercial advantage or private financial gain,
reproduction or distribution of copyrighted material worth Reprimand/Disciplinary Warning: A written notice to
more than $1000, or distribution of a work being prepared the student that his/her behavior has not met University
for commercial distribution can also result in criminal standards and that a continuation or repetition of
fines and penalties of: prohibited conduct, within a specified period of time,
will be grounds for more serious disciplinary action;
• $500,000 or imprisonment for not more than 5
disciplinary warning, if given, extends through graduation.
years for first offense.
Conduct Probation: Action permitting a student to remain
• $1,000,000 or imprisonment for not more than
at the University on probationary status. During the period
10 years for subsequent offense. (See 17 U.S.C.
of probation, if the student is found guilty of a further
§§ 501 et seq., §§ 1201 et seq, and 18 U.S.C. §
violation of a University regulation, the student may be
2319.)
subject to suspension, separation, or expulsion from the
For additional information visit www.copyright.gov. University.
Students who are found to have participated in the Removal From Course: Exclusion of a student from the
unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material and/or course in which the violation occurred.
other forms of copyright infringement will be subject to
Suspension: Exclusion of a student from the University
an appropriate sanction in accordance with the Code of
for a definite period of time, not to exceed one calendar
Student Conduct found in this Catalog.
year, as set forth in the written notice of suspension
Both the Recording Industry Association of America subject to other University regulations. Suspension or
(RIAA) and the Motion Picture Association of America expulsion may occur midcourse with no reimbursement
(MPAA) maintain a list of legal alternatives for for University tuition. In some cases of suspension or
downloading. Please visit http://www.riaa.com/ or http:// separation, students may not be allowed at any time, or
www.mpaa.org/ for more information. for any reason, to return to the campus or to participate
in University classes or events unless the suspension is
Penalties for Misconduct successfully appealed through the formal appeal process.
Engaging in misconduct may result in one or more of the Separation: Termination of a student’s status with
following penalties imposed by the University, depending the University for a definite period of time, exceeding
on the offense. Following a judgment according to one calendar year. Upon expiration of the designated
applicable disciplinary procedures, penalties will be period of separation, the student seeking to re-enter the
imposed with noted appeal procedures available. University shall be required to reapply. Readmission is not
guaranteed.

Expulsion: Permanent separation of a student from the Fabrication: Intentional and unauthorized falsification
University with no opportunity for reapplication. Students or invention of any information or citation in an
who are expelled from the University may not at anytime, academic exercise.
or for any reason, return to the campus or participate Facilitating Academic Dishonesty: Intentionally or
in University classes or events unless the expulsion is knowingly helping or attempting to help another student
successfully appealed through the formal appeal process. commit a breach of academic integrity.
Restitution: Reimbursement for damage to or destruction Plagiarism: Representing the words or ideas of another
or misappropriation of property. as one’s own in any academic exercise. Plagiarism
Revocation of Privilege: Loss of privilege of living in occurs when a student deliberately uses the ideas,
University housing, using University dining facilities, language, or another writer’s original material (that is not
having an automobile on campus, and/or loss of general common knowledge) without acknowledging the source.
status recognition. Plagiarized materials include texts (print or online) as
Community Service: An assignment to perform a task well as the work of other students. Plagiarizing denies the
or service for the University or a University-sponsored student the powerful opportunity to develop as an ethical
organization. and conscientious human being. Herein rests the greatest
reason not to plagiarize.
Counseling: In cases where the student and the Vice
President of Academic Affairs, Director of Student Acts of plagiarism include, but are not limited to:
Success, or the appropriate Student Conduct Committee • Copying text from printed materials, which
explore the nature of the issue and the reasons behind the include books, magazines, encyclopedias,
specific violation and, to avoid a repeat of the behavior in newspapers, etc.;
the future, a student may be referred for counseling. When • The modification of text with the intent
behavior is extreme and outside all guidelines set by the of changing verbiage, changing words, or
Code of Student Conduct, counseling will be required, interspacing the student’s work into the
at a direct cost to the individual, before a student will be plagiarized work;
allowed to return to the University community. • “Copy and paste” plagiarism, which involves
Academic Dishonesty copying and pasting materials from Internet
Students of Ashford University will follow expected sources and presenting them as one’s original
levels of academic integrity. Ashford University defines work;
academic dishonesty as deceitful and/or deceptive • The use of another student’s work, even if the
attempts to fulfill academic requirements. While student has the permission of the other student.
plagiarism is the most common form of academic The use of another’s work constitutes an act of
dishonesty, cheating or furnishing fabricated or false collusion, which constitutes an act of plagiarism;
information to Ashford University officials and faculty • The use of materials purchased from Internet or
(such as lying to affect a grade change) are also acts of other outside sources;
academic dishonesty and will be met with censure.
• “Recycling” old papers for a current course.
The academic community of the University believes that Students may use previous work only to support
one of the goals of an institution of higher learning is to current work (and the previous work must be
strengthen academic integrity and responsibility among cited properly); or
its members. To this end, the University, throughout its
history, has emphasized the importance of sound judgment • Paraphrasing or summarizing another’s work
and a personal sense of responsibility in each student. without giving appropriate credit.
All members of the academic community are expected to Common Knowledge vs. Plagiarism: Some students have
abide by the highest standards of academic integrity. the mistaken notion that they must give credit to a source
Academic dishonesty is a serious offense at the University only when they use a direct quotation. Paraphrasing
because it undermines the bonds of trust and personal (putting ideas into your own words) or changing a
responsibility between and among students and faculty, word or two in a source does not relieve the student of
weakens the credibility of the academic enterprise, and responsibility to credit the source. If an idea is not the
defrauds those who believe in the value and integrity of student’s own, he or she must cite the source in the text of
the degree. Academic dishonesty may take several forms: the paper and at the end of the paper as a reference. The
only exception to this rule is if the idea the student uses is
Cheating: Intentionally using or attempting to use common knowledge. Facts that are common knowledge
unauthorized materials, information, or study aids in any will generally be known by many people and can easily be
academic exercise (e.g., test, essay, etc.).
found or referenced. Common knowledge facts (e.g., that University students is essentially an educational process.
Robert Kennedy was assassinated in 1968) do not need to The University will deal with misconduct on the basis of
be documented. However, students must reference lesser- this premise whenever possible.
known ideas and interpretations of common knowledge
(e.g., a press release defense attorney Lawrence Teeter Disciplinary Responsibilities
issued regarding the possible innocence of Sirhan Sirhan, Violations of the Code of Student Conduct will be referred
the accused assassin of Robert Kennedy). to and managed by the Director of Student Success or
Avoiding Plagiarism: Address any questions regarding designee. Violations of the local, state, and federal law
plagiarism to the course instructor. Students should be will be referred to the appropriate authorities.
aware that Ashford University instructors utilize anti- Students are required to cooperate fully and immediately
plagiarism resources to determine the originality of with any reasonable request made by a University staff
submitted written work. These tools compare students’ member. Failure to cooperate with reasonable staff
work with texts available in internal databases and through requests is a violation of University standards, and
Internet searches. such violations will be referred to the appropriate
University Administrator.
Penalties for Academic Dishonesty
A student who commits an act of academic dishonesty In all cases where a student’s behavior abridges the
may face disciplinary action, including but not limited to; personal freedoms and rights of other students or of the
failure to receive credit on an academic exercise, course University, the case will be referred to the appropriate
failure, and/or dismissal from the University. University administrator. Depending upon the severity
of the infraction, any reported misconduct may result
Instructors or other University staff may report instances in disciplinary sanctions ranging from reprimand and
of academic dishonesty to the Instructional Specialist warning to dismissal from the University.
(External Studies) or Vice President of Academic
Affairs (on-campus); the student will receive notice
informing him/her of the offense, as well as any resulting
Disciplinary Procedure
The purpose of this policy is to establish disciplinary
disciplinary action(s). Students may appeal disciplinary
procedures to guide the enforcement of the Code of
decisions regarding academic dishonesty through the
Student Conduct. These procedures are applicable to
grade appeal process. Students may appeal disciplinary
any student or student organization that is charged with
actions of the Student Conduct Committee as per the
a violation of the Code of Student Conduct. However,
process outlined in this Catalog, based upon enrollment in
because of the individual nature of students, their
online or on-campus programs.
behaviors, and the particular circumstance involved, the
University may not in every situation be able to follow
On-Campus Student Conduct these procedures precisely. Deviations from the outlined
Disciplinary Processes timeline and/or procedures may occur on occasion and
Ashford University is committed to sustaining an will not invalidate a decision or proceeding.
environment that promotes total development of the
student. The University provides a wide range of When a student is charged with prohibited conduct:
opportunities for students to develop intellectually, • The student shall be notified verbally or in
culturally, ethnically, vocationally, physically, socially, writing of the alleged misconduct. Delay in
and spiritually. Along with responsible student leadership, notification, from the time of incident, may occur
the University promotes and encourages co-curricular when charges are being investigated.
programs that meet the continued and emerging interests • The student shall be directed as to his/her rights
of the students. It is the main purpose of the Student as explained in the Ashford University Catalog.
Success Office to initiate these programs and to model
them for the rest of the University community. The When prompt action is deemed necessary, actions
development of conditions conducive to personal growth, to protect the safety and welfare of the University
privacy, and academic success is a primary goal of the community may be imposed prior to a full investigation of
Student Success Office. This should also become the the alleged misconduct.
personal goal of any student who wishes to gain the most
from his/her University experience. It is expected that Incident Report of Violation: Any member of the
some students will make an occasional error in judgment; University academic community may submit an
however, students generally are able to learn from allegation(s) of violation(s) of the Code of Student
their mistakes. The disciplinary system is based on the Conduct to the Student Success Office or the Vice
premise that correcting most types of misbehavior among President of Academic Affairs.

• In most situations where a member of the Following a formal hearing, students shall be given the
University community suspects a student of option to:
violating the Code of Student Conduct, he or • Accept the decision of the Vice President of
she should first confront the suspected party Academic Affairs or designee;
regarding the concerns and, consequently, his
or her intent to make a referral. In situations • Appeal the decision in writing within ten (10)
where there may be a risk of harm, confrontation business days* to the Vice President of Academic
should be avoided and a referral should be made Affairs or designee for an On-Campus Student
immediately. Conduct Committee hearing if the decision
imposes a sanction of suspension, separation, or
• Any allegation presented to the Student Success expulsion.
Office or the Vice President of Academic Affairs
must be submitted in writing. The writing must Appeal for On-Campus Student Conduct Committee
be signed and dated by the person submitting the Hearing: The On-Campus Student Conduct Committee
allegation. This referral should contain all the (OCSCC), consisting of an administrative chair, six
facts that form the basis for the allegation. The students, and four faculty or staff, will hear all appeal
student alleged to have committed the violation cases based on the following:
and the person making the allegation shall be
• Whether the original hearing was conducted in a
considered “parties” to the investigation. All
fair manner;
documentation that may be relevant to the case
should be presented at the time of the referral. • Whether the evidence was significant enough to
warrant a decision against the student(s); and
Informal Hearing: The Director of Student Success,
appropriate College Dean, Director of Campus Security, • Whether the sanction imposed was in keeping
or designee meets with the individuals involved in with the seriousness of the violation and prior
the alleged violation to determine responsibility and conduct record of the student(s).
sanctions, if necessary.
Procedures for an On-Campus Student Conduct
Every student who is charged with a disciplinary sanction Committee:
shall be given the option to: • A designated Chair will correspond with all
• Accept the imposed sanction; or parties and provide all parties with notice that an
appeal has been made to the On-Campus Student
• Appeal the sanction within ten (10) business
Conduct Committee. OCSCC members will
days* and request a formal hearing.
receive notice of the allegation.
Sanctions involving consideration of suspension,
• After receiving notice of the allegation,
separation, or expulsion will be provided a formal hearing
additional information may be included in
unless a student otherwise declines.
the record. The student may provide a written
Formal Hearing: The Vice President of Academic Affairs statement and/or other documentation for the
or designee hears the case to determine responsibility and Committee to review.
sanctions, if necessary. • The Chair will provide the student with any
additional information that has been added to
Procedures for a formal hearing: the record.
• A hearing shall be set at a suitable time and • The Chair will remind the student that the
place. investigation into the allegation, OCSCC
• The student shall be permitted to present proceedings, and the meeting concerning the
witnesses. allegation shall be conducted according to the
• The student shall not be permitted to have an Ashford University Catalog. These procedures
attorney present at any hearing or in appeal or are entirely academic in nature and are not
review. considered legal proceedings. No audio or video
recording of any kind is permitted nor is formal
• Formal rules of evidence applicable in a court of legal representation allowed.
law do not apply.
• The Chair will set a date for the OCSCC meeting
within ten (10) business days* after receiving
notice of the student appeal to the OCSCC. The
meeting will occur within twenty (20) business Final Appeal of On-Campus Student
days* after receipt of the student appeal. The Conduct Committee Decisions
Chair will determine the location of the meeting. Students have the right to appeal disciplinary actions
The student is required to attend the OCSCC of the On-Campus Student Conduct Committee to the
meeting in person or via teleconference. Campus Director. Students have ten (10) business days*
• At the meeting, the Chair will briefly outline the from the date of the letter indicating a decision by the
procedures to be followed. The Committee will On-Campus Student Conduct Committee to inform the
read and discuss all the submitted documentation Campus Director in writing of the intent to appeal. The
regarding the allegation. letter must clearly state the reason for the appeal, include
supporting documentation, and be signed by the student.
• Guided by common sense, fairness, and
Students may appeal based upon whether the original
published institutional policy, the Chair and the
hearing was conducted in a fair manner, whether the
Committee members will consider evidence
evidence was significant enough to warrant a decision
relevant to the alleged conduct and disciplinary
against the student, whether the sanction imposed was in
action. At the discretion of the Committee,
keeping with the seriousness of the violation and prior
witnesses may be interviewed by the Committee.
conduct record of the student(s), and/or a review of the
The person bringing the allegation, the student
original complaint. The Campus Director will render a
in question, and other witnesses may be called
decision and notify the student in writing within thirty
to answer questions or to present information.
(30) business days* of receiving notification of the appeal.
Generally, parties involved and witnesses will be
The decision of the Campus Director is final.
interviewed separately and not in the presence of
the other parties involved. * Business day is defined to mean normal operating
hours, Monday through Friday, excluding recognized
• The student has the right to have an advocate
national holidays.
present during the committee meeting. Such
an advocate must be a member of the Ashford Authority for the implementation of these rules and
University community (e.g., student, faculty regulations is delegated to the Vice President of
member, academic advisor, or other staff Academic Affairs. It is the responsibility of the student
member). The student’s advocate may not act to complete all sanctions of a disciplinary decision.
as an attorney or formally represent the student. Failure to do so could result in additional sanctions being
The advocate may assist the student during the imposed. Sanctions imposed will not be deferred due to a
proceeding; however, the student will be the only pending appeal.
person allowed to present information to the
Committee in support of her/his position. Online Student Conduct
• The parties may be asked to make statements Disciplinary Processes
at the meeting. The Chair and Committee The disciplinary system for online student conduct
members may ask questions of any individual violations is based on the premise that correcting most
in attendance at the meeting at the Committee’s types of misbehavior among University students is
request. The Chair of the Committee will essentially an educational process. It is expected that
determine the order in which witnesses will some students will make an occasional error in judgment;
present information. however, students generally are able to learn from their
mistakes. The University will deal with misconduct on the
• At the conclusion of the meeting, Committee basis of this premise whenever possible.
members will confer privately in an executive
session to discuss the information before them.
Disciplinary Responsibilities
The OCSCC Chair will notify the parties of the
The University Provost, the Director of Student Affairs, or
committee’s decision in writing within ten (10)
designee maintains the responsibility for determining and
business days* of the Committee’s decision.
enforcing rules and consequences of a student’s failure to
Following an On-Campus Student Conduct Committee adhere to the Code of Student Conduct.
Hearing, students shall be given the option to:
Students are required to cooperate fully and immediately
• Accept the decision of the Committee; or with any reasonable request made by a University staff
• Appeal the decision in writing within ten (10) member. Failure to cooperate with reasonable staff
business days* to the Campus Director. requests is a violation of University standards, and
such violations will be referred to the appropriate
University Administrator.

In all cases where a student’s behavior abridges the student alleged to have committed the violation
personal freedoms and rights of other students or of the and the person making the allegation shall be
University, the case will be referred to the University considered “parties” to the investigation. All
Provost, the Director of Student Affairs, or designee. documentation that may be relevant to the case
Depending upon the severity of the infraction, any should be provided at the time of the referral.
reported misconduct may result in disciplinary sanctions Informal Hearing: The Director of Student Affairs,
ranging from reprimand and warning to dismissal from University Provost, or designee contacts the individuals
the University. involved in the alleged violation to investigate and
determine responsibility and sanctions, if necessary.
Disciplinary Procedure
The purpose of this policy is to establish disciplinary Every student who is charged with a disciplinary sanction
procedures to guide the enforcement of the Code of shall be given the option to:
Student Conduct. These procedures are applicable to • Accept the imposed sanction; or
any student that is charged with a violation of the Code • Appeal the sanction within ten (10) business
of Student Conduct. However, because of the individual days* and request a formal hearing.
nature of students, their behaviors, and the particular
circumstance involved, the University may not in every Students imposed a sanction of dismissal/expulsion are
situation be able to follow these procedures precisely. entitled to a Student Conduct Committee hearing prior to
Deviations from the outlined timeline and/or procedures imposing this sanction.
may occur on occasion and will not invalidate a decision Formal Hearing: The Director of Student Affairs,
or proceeding. University Provost, or designee hears the case to
When a student is charged with prohibited conduct: determine responsibility and sanctions, if necessary.
• The student shall be notified verbally or in Procedures for a formal hearing:

writing of the alleged misconduct. Delay in
• The Online Student Conduct Committee (OSCC)
notification, from the time of incident, may occur
for online students is comprised of the Director
when charges are being investigated.
of Student Affairs or his/her designee (Chair),
• The student shall be directed as to his/her rights member of the University Registrar’s office,
as explained in the Ashford University Catalog. an academic administrator, and a Center for
When prompt action is deemed necessary, actions External Studies Council faculty member. Any
to protect the safety and welfare of the University member of the University academic community
community may be imposed prior to a full investigation of may submit an allegation(s) of violation(s) of
the alleged misconduct. the Code of Student Conduct to the Director of
Student Affairs.
Incident Report of Violation: Any member of the • Any allegation presented to the OSCC must be
University academic community may submit an submitted in writing to the Director of Student
allegation(s) of violation(s) of the Code of Student Affairs. The writing must be signed and dated by
Conduct to the Director of Student Affairs or University the person submitting the allegation. This referral
Provost. should contain all the facts that form the basis
• In most situations where a member of the for the allegation. The student alleged to have
University community suspects a student of committed the violation and the person making
violating the Code of Student Conduct, he or the allegation shall be considered “parties” to
she should first confront the suspected party the investigation at the Committee meeting. All
regarding the concerns and, consequently, his documentation that may be relevant to the case
or her intent to make a referral. In situations should be presented to the committee at the time
where there may be a risk of harm, confrontation of the referral.
should be avoided and a referral should be made • The Chair will correspond with all parties and
immediately. provide all parties with notice that the allegation
• Any allegation presented to the Director of has been received. OSCC members will receive
Student Affairs or University Provost must notice of the allegation.
be submitted in writing. The writing must be • After receiving notice of the allegation,
signed and dated by the person submitting the additional information may be included in
allegation. This referral should contain all the the record. The student may provide a written
facts that form the basis for the allegation. The
statement and/or other documentation for the in attendance at the meeting at the committee’s
committee to review. request. The Chair of the Committee will
• The Chair will provide the student with any determine the order in which witnesses will
additional information that has been added to present information.
the record. • At the conclusion of the meeting, Committee
• The Chair will remind the student that the members will confer privately in an executive
investigation into the allegation, OSCC session to discuss the information before them.
proceedings, and the meeting concerning the The OSCC Chair will notify the parties of the
allegation shall be conducted according to the Committee’s decision in writing within ten (10)
Ashford University Catalog. These procedures business days* of the Committee’s decision.
are entirely academic in nature and not legal
proceedings. No audio or video recording Final Appeal of Online Student
of any kind is permitted nor is formal legal Conduct Committee Decisions
representation allowed. Students have the right to appeal disciplinary actions of
the Online Student Conduct Committee to the University
• The Chair will set a date for the OSCC meeting
Provost. In cases where the University Provost is
within ten (10) business days* after receiving
involved in the referral, the appeal may be directed to
notice of an alleged violation. The meeting will
the University President. Students have ten (10) business
occur within twenty (20) business days* during
days* from the date of the letter indicating a decision by
regular University business hours, with respect to
the Online Student Conduct Committee to inform the
the time zone in which the student resides. The
appropriate University official in writing of the intent to
Chair will determine the location of the meeting.
appeal. The letter must clearly state the reason for the
The student is required to attend the OSCC
appeal, include supporting documentation, and be signed
meeting via teleconference.
by the student. Students may appeal based upon whether
• At the meeting, the Chair will briefly outline the the original hearing was conducted in a fair manner,
procedures to be followed. The Committee will whether the evidence was significant enough to warrant a
read and discuss all the submitted documentation decision against the student, whether the sanction imposed
regarding the allegation. was in keeping with the seriousness of the violation and
• Guided by common sense, fairness, and prior conduct record of the student(s), and/or a review of
published institutional policy, the Chair and the original complaint. The University official will render
the committee members will determine what a decision and notify the student in writing within thirty
evidence will be considered. At the discretion of (30) business days* of receiving notification of the appeal.
the Committee, witnesses may be interviewed. The decision of the University official is final.
The person bringing the allegation, the student * Business day is defined to mean normal operating hours,
in question, and other witnesses may be called Monday through Friday, excluding recognized national
to answer questions or to present information. holidays.
Generally, parties involved and witnesses will be
interviewed separately and not in the presence of Graduation/Completion Rates
the other parties involved. Ashford University, in compliance with the Student Right-
• The student has the right to have an advocate to-Know and Campus Security Act of 1990, provides the
present during the Committee meeting. Such following information regarding its graduation/completion
an advocate must be a member of the Ashford rate. The rate reflects only the graduation/completion
University community: student, faculty member, status of students who enrolled as first-time, degree-
academic advisor, or staff member. The student’s seeking students during the 2002-2003 school year and
advocate may not act as an attorney or formally for whom 150% of the normal time-to-completion has
represent the student. The advocate may assist elapsed.
the student during the proceeding; however, During the fall semester of 2002, 48 first-time, full-time,
the student will be the only person allowed to degree-seeking students entered Ashford University (prior
present information to the Committee in support to 03/09/05 known as Mount St. Clare College and The
of her/his position. Franciscan University [of the Prairies]). After six years (as
• The parties may be asked to make statements of August 31, 2008) 44% of these students had graduated
at the meeting. The Chair and Committee from Ashford University. Please contact the Registrar’s
members may ask questions of any individual Office with any questions.

Please note that the graduation/completion rate does not
include any student who attended a college or university
after high school and then enrolled at Ashford University.
Graduation/Completion Rate by Gender

Men 29%
Women 71%
Graduation/Completion Rate by Race or Ethnic Group

Nonresident alien 0%
Black, non-Hispanic 0%
American Indian/Alaska Native 0%
Asian/Pacific Islander 0%
Hispanic 0%
White, non-Hispanic 100%
Race/ethnicity unknown 0%
Graduation/Completion Rate by Financial Aid Category

Pell Grant Recipient 33%
FFEL or Direct Loan Recipient (no Pell Grant) 53%
Neither Pell Grant, FFEL, 14%
nor Direct Loan Recipient
* The number of students in this group is not large enough

to be statistically reliable or the data has been omitted to
protect the privacy of the members of the group.
Ashford University is committed to helping students
understand and manage the financial aspects of obtaining
their education. For questions regarding tuition, fees, and
Section Four payment options for On-Campus Traditional Programs,
students should contact the Campus Business Office. For
questions regarding tuition, fees, and payment options
for programs in the Center for External Studies, students
should contact their personal Financial Services Advisor.
Financial Information
Tuition and Fees 2009-2010
Tuition and applicable fees are due and payable at the
beginning of each class. Ashford University will withhold
transcripts, degree verifications, grade reports, and
diplomas until accounts are paid in full.
Tuition rates and fees may change at any time without
prior notice.
On-Campus Traditional Programs
Financial
(09/10 Academic Year)
Tuition and Fees:
Information
Full-time per semester (12 to 18 credits) $7,860.00
Part-time (11 credits or less) or in excess
$458.00
of 18 credits (per credit)
Per credit for audit,
senior citizens (age 60 and over) and
high school students (not enrolled in $230.00
the State of Iowa’s Post-Secondary
Enrollment Option)
Room & Board Fees:

Room per semester for all room
$1,300.00
configurations (nonrefundable)
Board per semester (19 meals per week)
$1,700.00
(nonrefundable)
Room deposit (refundable when room is
$100.00
officially vacated with no damage)
Other Fees:
Application fee (nonrefundable) $20.00
Books (estimated amount per semester,
$500.00
actual amount may vary)
Technology fee per semester
$200.00
(nonrefundable)
Part-time technology fee (per credit) $15.00
Activity fee per semester
$75.00
(nonrefundable)
37
Activity fee per credit for less than Replacement/Duplicate Diploma $45.00
$6.00
12 credits (nonrefundable) Official transcript $10.00
Insufficient funds fee $30.00 Unofficial transcript $5.00
Graduation fee $110.00 Educational records – Per page $0.50
Replacement/Duplicate Diploma $45.00 * Payment for evaluation does not guarantee that credit
Official transcript $10.00 will be awarded.
Unofficial transcript $5.00 ** Non-refundable fee, applied on the 6th week of
enrollment, post start date. The technology services fee
Cost of exam
CLEP testing fee per exam provides the student with initial configuration setup to
plus $15.00
University systems such as Blackboard, student portal,
Independent student fee (per credit) $150.00 the online library collection, and other academic
College of Education Transcript support systems.
Analysis Fee, for non-degree seeking ***The education concentration fee covers additional
$100.00
students who are not alumni, pursuing costs associated with administrative functions and
endorsements only in the State of Iowa program management inherent in the facilitation of
College of Education credential Between $3.50 education concentrations.
file request and $30.00
Graduate Programs
Undergraduate Programs Offered The following is a list of tuition and fees applicable to
Through the Center for External Studies Master’s degree programs and/or courses, effective
The following is a list of tuition and fees applicable to April 1, 2009. Tuition rates and fees may change at any
Associate and Bachelor’s degree programs and/or courses time without prior notice.
offered through the Center for External Studies, effective
April 1, 2009. Tuition rates and fees may change at any Tuition per credit:
time without prior notice. Master of Arts in Education $463.00
Master of Arts in
Tuition per credit: $515.00
Health Care Administration
100- to 400-level Courses $354.00 Master of Arts in
$515.00
Organizational Management
Fees:
Master of Arts in
Application fee $55.00 $463.00
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Books and materials Master of Business Administration $515.00
$100.00
(average per course) Master of Public Administration $515.00
Sponsored professional training Fees:

$30.00
assessment (per credit evaluated)*
Application fee $55.00
Technology services fee** $990.00 Books and materials (average per course) $140.00
Late payment fee $30.00
Education concentration fee*** $140.00 Insufficient funds fee $30.00
Graduation fee $110.00
Course fee - SPA 103 or SPA 104 $15.00 Replacement/Duplicate Diploma $45.00
Prior learning assessment experiential Official transcript $10.00
learning essay assessment $125.00 Unofficial transcript $5.00
(per evaluation)* Educational records – Per page $0.50
Late payment fee $30.00
Insufficient funds fee $30.00
Graduation fee $110.00
Terms of Payment • Complete an Institutional Application;
Tuition and fees are due and payable at the beginning • Complete the Free Application for Federal
of each course/term; however, on-campus students in Student Aid (FAFSA);
traditional programs who are in need of a more flexible
• Complete a Master Promissory Note (MPN);
payment schedule may use the option (Level-Pay Plan)
below. Arrangements to participate in this plan must be • Complete a Loan Entrance Interview;
made with the Campus Business Office at the beginning of • Complete all related paperwork and
each term. documentation further requested by the
The University reserves the right to cancel the registration University; and
of any student whose account is delinquent. Diplomas or • Pay all applicable fees.
certificates will be withheld, graduation participation will
If the student fails to supply all required documents or
be delayed, and transcript of semester credits will not be
is unable to qualify for financial aid, the student is held
forwarded to another institution or potential employer
responsible for any outstanding balances incurred and
until all accounts with the University are paid in full.
must select another finance option. On this plan, it is
the student’s responsibility to reapply for funding as
Bankruptcy necessary. Students enrolled in On-Campus Traditional
Any student who files bankruptcy and has a debt to the Programs are encouraged to reapply each year by
University discharged as part of the bankruptcy must pay March 1, for the upcoming academic year. Students
his or her tuition balance in full upon future registration. enrolled in programs offered through the Center for
External Studies, must reapply 90 days prior to the start of
Payment Options each academic year. Tardiness in applying could result in
Ashford University offers a variety of options for covering disqualification and require compliance with the terms and
the costs of a student’s education. conditions of the Cash Plan.
Note: Under this plan for enrollment in nontraditional
Cash Plan
programs, continuous attendance with no attendance
The Cash Plan requires that 100% of applicable tuition,
breaks greater than 29 days is required to retain eligibility
room, board and any applicable fees be paid prior to each
for disbursed federal financial aid funds. The University
course start date. Students may choose to have tuition and/
may be required to return the federal funds of students
or fees automatically charged to a credit card (debit cards
with reduced financial aid eligibility due to attendance
are not accepted). Full cash payments must be made prior
breaks, leaving the student responsible to the University
to the start date of each course.
for the remaining balance on the student’s account.
Students are advised that credit cards are accepted as a Students in this situation who received excess funds
convenient method of payment. Credit cards bearing high stipend checks maybe required to return those funds
interest rates should not be used as a long-term financing to the institution. Students are strongly encouraged to
method for educational costs. Ashford University contact their Financial Services Advisor to understand the
encourages all students to utilize the free financial potential impact attendance changes may have on their
counseling provided by the Financial Aid Office. financial aid as far in advance as possible.
Financial Aid Plan Any student not completing the financial aid process in
The University will provide assistance to all students and advance of their last date of attendance forfeits eligibility
families who are eligible for financial aid. The University for financial assistance that might otherwise have been
provides a convenient online application process. This available during that period of enrollment, and becomes
process includes access to required financial aid forms, fully responsible for all remaining balances.
options for electronically signing the application, and
links to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Level-Pay Plan
Aid (FAFSA) and Master Promissory Note. All students (On-Campus Traditional Programs ONLY)
seeking federal financial aid benefits must be admitted The Level-Pay Plan offers students an opportunity to
to a financial-aid eligible degree program to determine spread the cost of tuition, fees, books, room, and board
financial aid eligibility. To select the Financial Aid Plan as (whichever are applicable) over the term. Additional
the primary financing option, at least 50% of a student’s details about this program can be obtained from the
annual tuition must be funded through the federal financial Campus Business Office.
aid benefits. To apply for the Financial Aid finance option,
the student must meet the following conditions:

Tuition Reimbursement Plan Military Veteran’s Benefits Plan
The Tuition Reimbursement Plan is available as a The Military VA Plan requires that all tuition and any
primary option if you qualify for your employer’s tuition applicable fees be paid prior to each course’s start date,
reimbursement program and if your employer reimburses with the exception of the first course in the student’s first
at least 50% of your annual tuition. academic year. Under this plan, tuition for the first course
Under this plan, tuition is deferred a maximum of 90 is deferred a maximum of 60 days from the course’s start
days from the course/term start date, regardless of when date, regardless of when the student receives disbursement
the student receives disbursement from the employer. from the Veterans’ Administration. Applicable fees are due
Applicable fees are due on or before the start date of on or before the start date of each course/term. To qualify,
each course/term. To qualify, prior to the start of the prior to the start of the course/term, students must submit
course/term, students must submit a signed Tuition a signed Student Finance Agreement form that includes
Reimbursement Certification and Authorization form a valid credit card number (debit cards are not accepted)
that includes a valid credit card number (debit cards are with authorization to charge the card if the tuition is not
not accepted) with authorization to charge the card if the paid within the 60-day time frame. The credit card must
tuition is not paid within the 90-day time frame. The credit be issued in the student’s name.
card must be issued in the student’s name. Automatic credit card payments are charged after the start
The conditions of this plan are not dependent upon the date of each course; otherwise, full cash payments must
receipt of a course grade or completion of the course. be made prior to the start date of each course. Credit card
Tuition must be paid in full 90 days after the start date of information will be requested of students selecting this
a course/term; otherwise, the student’s credit card will be option in order to establish credit for this plan.
automatically charged. If fees are not paid in full on or Documentation required for the Military VA Plan:
before the start date of a course/term, the student’s credit • Student Finance Agreement form; and
card will be automatically charged. A declined card will
automatically result in a late fee and an insufficient funds • Military VA Certification & Authorization form.
fee. Students who have two declined credit card payments
will be required to comply with the terms of the Cash Military Tuition Assistance Plan
Plan and will no longer qualify for the Tuition Ashford University is approved for active duty Military
Reimbursement Plan. Tuition Assistance. Students are required to submit Tuition
Assistance (TA) vouchers at least 5 days prior to the
Documentation required for the Tuition Reimbursement
start of each course. Any tuition and applicable fees not
Plan includes the following:
covered by the TA program must be paid prior to the start
• Student Financial Agreement form; and date of each course.
• Tuition Reimbursement Certification and Documentation required for the Military TA Plan:
Authorization form.
• Military Tuition Assistance Forms DD1556; and
Direct Bill Plan (Third-Party Billing) • Student Finance Agreement form.
Direct Bill Plans are available if Ashford University has
pre-approved a student’s employer or agency for direct Private Loan Plan
billing. At minimum, 50% of a student’s annual tuition Ashford University will work with any lender
must be paid by the employer or agency to be eligible for participating in private student loans a student wishes
this option. Any amounts not covered by the employer to provide. Students may also select from one of the
or agency must be paid prior to the start of each course. many lenders currently working with existing Ashford
The employer or agency must remit payment to Ashford University students (this information is available from
University within 90 days of the course start date. your Financial Services Advisor upon request). Ashford
Vouchers should be sent to directbill@ashford.edu five University and its staff are prohibited from accepting
days prior to the start of each course. Failure to supply remuneration or compensation from any institution
voucher or payment timely may result in disqualification providing loans to its students.
for Direct Bill Payment Plan. Documentation required for the Private Loan Plan:
Documentation required for Direct Bill Plan: • Student Finance Agreement form;
• Student Finance Agreement form; and • Completed Loan Application; and
• Company voucher approved by Ashford • Signed Promissory Note.
University or other authorized agency
tuition voucher.
Financial Aid Verification for Federal
The University is committed to the idea that no one Student Aid Eligibility
should be denied an education because of financial need. Students selected for verification of federal aid eligibility
The University will provide assistance to all students and must submit the required documentation, as determined by
families who are eligible for financial aid. In general, current federal regulations, before a financial aid package
financial aid is provided in the form of scholarships, is awarded. Students will be notified of the required
grants, and loans. Part-time work programs are available documentation needed to complete the verification
for students enrolled in On-Campus Traditional or process. After documents are reviewed, students will
ASPIRE programs. While some students may qualify for receive written notification of aid eligibility, generally
one type of financial assistance, others may qualify for a within two to three weeks from the date all documents are
combination of two or more programs. This “packaging” submitted to the Financial Aid Office.
of financial aid allows Ashford University to assist a The University reserves the right to adjust any aid package
larger number of students and to award aid suited to the when conflicting documentation exists, in accordance with
student’s individual needs. Each student may be expected federal regulations and institutional guidelines, or as a
to make a financial contribution toward educational result of any cutbacks in specific financial aid programs.
costs based on family circumstances and ability to pay. The University, however, will utilize all other available
The family’s share of the cost and eligibility for aid are aid resources for students whose packages are revised due
determined through the Free Application for Federal to any of the reasons outlined above.
Student Aid (FAFSA).
University Awards
How to Apply for Financial Aid (for On-Campus Traditional Programs)
Complete an application for admission to the University. The University awards institutional aid based on a
A student must be accepted by the University before a student’s demonstrated financial need and academic
financial aid award can be determined. Complete the record. For more information, please see our website
Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), at www.ashford.edu or inquire in the Admissions or
and list the University (Code: 001881) as a college Financial Aid Offices.
to receive information. The University recommends
students enrolled in On-Campus Traditional Programs
are encouraged to apply each year by March 1, for the
State Aid Programs
Iowa Tuition Grants (lTG): Awarded by the State of Iowa
upcoming academic year. Students enrolled in programs
to assist Iowa residents who plan to attend an independent
offered through the Center for External Studies, must
college or university in Iowa. A student must be a resident
apply 90 days prior to the start of each academic year.
of Iowa and demonstrate financial need. The maximum
grant amount varies annually and may be available for
Free Application for Federal up to four years of full-time study. Students must file the
Student Aid (FAFSA) FAFSA by July 1.
This form is available online at www.fafsa.ed.gov . The
completed form should be signed electronically with your Iowa Grants (Available for On-Campus Traditional
PIN so that the student’s financial need can be evaluated. Programs Only): Awarded by the State of Iowa to students
who are residents of Iowa, show high financial need, and
All Iowa residents are encouraged to apply for an Iowa are enrolled for at least three semester hours at an Iowa
Tuition Grant (ITG) by indicating on the FAFSA that college. Awards range from $100−$1,000.
financial data should be sent to the Iowa College Student
Aid Commission. All paperwork for financial aid should Grants may be available in other states for students in
be received at the processing center by July 1 to be the Center for External Studies. Students are encouraged
eligible for an Iowa Tuition Grant and to allow maximum to inquire to the State Commissions where they reside
consideration for all aid from the University. and provide state grant information to the Financial
Aid Office.

Federal Aid Programs minus all other financial aid and resources, directly
Federal Pell Grants: Federally funded grants for from participating commercial banks, savings and loan
undergraduate students who have not earned a bachelor’s associations, and credit unions. Repayment begins 60
or professional degree. These grants are based on financial days from the date the loan is fully disbursed, although
need and enrollment status at the University. Pell Grants some lenders allow deferment options. These loans are
provide a foundation of financial aid for many students subject to credit approval and are available only to aid
to which other aid may be added. To determine eligibility dependent students.
for Federal Pell Grants, the U.S. Department of Education Federal Graduate PLUS Loans (Available for Graduate
uses a standard formula to evaluate the information Programs Only): Long-term, low-interest unsubsidized
supplied to them from the student. This formula produces loans for graduate students. The student may borrow
an Expected Family Contribution (EFC) amount. The up to the cost of attendance, minus all other financial
amount a student receives depends on a student’s EFC, aid received, and after all Stafford Subsidized and
cost of attendance, status as either a full-time student or Unsubsidized loan eligibility has been exhausted. An
part-time student, and whether the student has attended eligible student may borrow directly from participating
school for a full academic year. Pell Grants are limited commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and
each award year in amounts depending upon program credit unions. Repayment begins 60 days from the date
funding and a maximum per-student amount. Grants are the loan is fully disbursed, although some lenders allow
currently awarded up to a maximum of $5,350 per year. deferment options. These loans are subject to credit
Federal Academic Competitiveness Grants (ACG): approval.
Federally funded grants for undergraduate students Federal Stafford Loans: Students may borrow directly
who are Pell Grant recipients and are enrolled in a from a participating bank, credit union, or savings and
two- or four-year degree program. Students must have loan association, regardless of financial need. To be
completed a rigorous high school program as defined by eligible for a loan, a student must be enrolled on at least a
the Department of Education and must self-certify on half-time basis. The Stafford Loan Program offers a lower
the FAFSA. In addition, first-year students may not have interest rate than many commercial loans. The federal
previously enrolled in an undergraduate program and government pays the interest on the loan while the student
must have completed high school after January 1, 2006. is in school for students who qualify for Subsidized
Second-year students must have completed high school Stafford Loans based on a demonstrated financial need.
after January 1, 2005, and must be maintaining a GPA of An origination/guarantee fee may be deducted from the
at least 3.0 in the current eligible program. Awards are student’s loan, dependent on the lender, to help reduce the
generally $750 for the first academic year and $1,300 federal cost of the interest subsidy. If a student does not
for the second academic year. Awards are not available demonstrate a financial need, the Unsubsidized Stafford
beyond the second academic year. Loan is available and does accrue interest while the
Federal SMART Grants (Available for On-Campus student is in school. Repayment begins six months after
Traditional Programs Only): Federally funded grants for the student graduates or is no longer enrolled at least half-
students who are Pell Grant recipients and are enrolled time, and up to 10 years may be allowed to repay the loan.
in the third- or fourth-year of an eligible program Applications are available from participating lenders.
maintaining a GPA of at least 3.0. Eligible programs are Federal College Work-Study Program (FCWS)
limited to science and math fields of study as defined by (Available for On-Campus Traditional and ASPIRE
the Department of Education. Awards are generally $4,000 Programs Only): Funded by the federal government
per academic year for the third- and fourth-year only. and the University. To be eligible, a student must have
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants a documented financial need and maintain satisfactory
(FSEOG): Federally funded grants for undergraduate progress, as defined for financial assistance.
students with exceptional financial need. The University
determines who will receive an FSEOG based on factors
such as need and availability which may vary by session,
as determined by the Institution.
Federal Parent PLUS Loans (PLUS) (Available for
On-Campus Traditional Programs & Center for External
Studies): Long-term, low-interest rate loans made
available to eligible parents to help pay expenses at
an approved postsecondary educational institution. An
eligible parent may borrow up to the cost of attendance,
Subsidized/ Additional Unsubsidized

Federal Stafford Annual Loan Limits: Unsubsidized Limit Limit (Independent
(Dependent Students) Students ONLY)
1st Year Students
Campus Programs: 0–29 Credits $5,500 $4,000
Center for External Studies 0–23 Credits
2nd Year Students
Campus Programs: 30–59 Credits $6,500 $4,000
Center for External Studies 24–47 Credits
3rd & 4th Year Students
Campus Programs: 60 Credits or Greater $7,500 $5,000
Center for External Studies: 48 Credits or Greater
Graduate Students $8,500 $12,000
Federal Stafford Aggregate Loan Limits:

Additional Unsubsidized for
Subsidized/Unsubsidized Combined Total
Independent Students
Undergraduate $31,000  $34,500  $57,500
$65,500 $73,000 $138,500

Graduate (includes undergraduate (includes undergraduate (includes undergraduate
borrowing) borrowing) borrowing)
* A dependent student whose parent is denied a PLUS loan is allowed to borrow additional Unsubsidized Stafford
amounts equal to the amount that independent borrowers are able to borrow.
Ashford University Military Students enrolled in an undergraduate program offered

Veteran’s Tuition Grant through the On-Campus Traditional programs may be
Students enrolled in an Undergraduate program offered eligible for Ashford University’s U.S. Military Veteran’s
through the Center for External Studies may be eligible Tuition Grant. To receive the Ashford University U.S.
for Ashford University’s U.S. Military Veteran’s Tuition Military Veteran’s Tuition Grant, Veterans of the U.S.
Grant. To receive the Ashford University U.S. Military Armed Forces must be certified for VA Benefits through
Veteran’s Tuition Grant, Veterans of the U.S. Armed the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by Ashford
Forces must be certified for VA Benefits through the University. Students should contact the Campus Financial
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by Ashford Aid Office for additional information.
University. Grants are applicable to courses for which GI Bill Application Procedure: The student must obtain
tuition is in excess of $250 per credit hour. For courses the appropriate form(s) from www.gibill.va.gov under
with tuition of $354 per credit hour, the grant is $104 “Education Benefits.” Forms can be submitted online
per credit hour. In addition, this grant also covers the full directly to VA. The signature page from the appropriate
$990 Technology Services Fee. Tuition grants are only form(s) will need to be mailed directly to VA at
applied to an eligible student’s account upon receipt of an
VA Regional Office
approved VA certification. VA Classification of Ashford
PO Box 33860
University Students: Students enrolled in undergraduate
St. Louis, MO 63166-6830
programs offered through the Center for External Studies
are classified as three-quarter time. The only way to get Students must double check that their name and Social
the full-time payment rate is to double up on courses Security Number appear on the bottom of the signature
after successful completion of two courses with Ashford page. Ashford University requires a signed copy of
University. Students enrolled in graduate programs offered the appropriate completed form(s), as follows, for the
through the Center for External Studies are classified as student’s file:
full time.

• 22-1990 (Application for VA Education Benefits) Ashford University Military Tuition Grant
for veteran students who are using their GI Bill Center for External Studies: Students enrolled in an
for the first time. undergraduate program offered through the Center
• 22-1995 (Change of Program/Training) for for External Studies may be eligible for the Ashford
veteran students who have used their GI Bill University Military Tuition Grant. Eligible students
benefits before. include Active Duty, National Guard, Reserves,
Department of Defense employees, and spouse of Active
• Chapter 35 Dependent/Spouse benefit forms are Duty, National Guard, or Reserves U.S. Military. To
available for each branch on the website below. receive the Ashford University Military Tuition Grant,
• DD-214 (Release from Duty). Ashford students must provide the University with an approved
University requires a copy of this form for the TA Authorization form or valid Military ID card. Grants
student’s file if available. This form does not are applicable to courses for which tuition is in excess of
hold up certification. $250 per credit hour. For courses with tuition of $354 per
The School’s certifying official will certify the student for credit hour, the grant is $104 per credit hour. In addition,
a year of courses on the VA-ONCE website. this grant also covers the full $990 Technology Services
Fee. Tuition grants are only applied to an eligible student’s
Procedures While Enrolled: account upon receipt of an approved TA Authorization
• After the student receives an award letter from form or valid Military ID card.
the VA, he/she is required to begin monthly self- Military Tuition Assistance Procedure:
verification of enrollment by the 30th of each
month. This is accomplished by using the Web • Military students must first complete the TA
Automated Verification of Enrollment (WAVE) Application form, which can be found under the
or by Interactive Voice Response (IVR). Education tab;
WAVE = www.gibill.va.gov • The TA Application form must be received before
IVR = 877-823-2378 the fee waiver or course cost adjustments will be
Click the link to WAVE applied. TA vouchers must be received by the
fifth day of each course.
• Students should allow 10 to 12 weeks after
completion of all paperwork to receive the • Once the TA Application form has been received
first payment, which will be based on by the Ashford University Military Tuition
certification beginning with the student’s Assistance Office, an invoice will be sent to the
first date of eligible attendance in an Ashford military. A copy of this invoice may be mailed or
University degree program. Subsequent faxed to the student upon request.
payments should be received monthly, as per • After command approval has been received, the
the VA Office’s processes. student digitally signs the TA Application form
• Payment of VA benefits may be mailed directly and then sends it by fax or email to:
to the student. Students are responsible for Ashford University
paying Ashford University tuition and fees at the Military Tuition Assistance
start of each course, unless there is alternative, MilitaryTA@Ashford.edu
approved financial aid. Payment by Direct On-Campus Traditional: Students enrolled in an
Deposit/Electronic Funds Transfer is strongly undergraduate program offered through the On-Campus
encouraged. Payments are sent directly to student Traditional Programs may be eligible for the Ashford
savings or checking account. To establish or University Military Tuition Grant. Eligible students
change direct deposit information, students include Active Duty, National Guard, Reserves,
should click on the ‘Direct Deposit Enrollment Department of Defense employees, and spouse of Active
Form’ link after they have logged into WAVE. Duty, National Guard, or Reserves U.S. Military. To
Changes and enrollments are usually processed receive the Ashford University Military Tuition Grant,
the next business day. students must provide the University with an approved TA
• The University’s VA Certifying Official will Authorization form or valid Military ID card. Students
report course drops and withdrawals to the VA should contact the Campus Financial Aid office.
on a weekly basis. Course drops may affect
eligibility for VA benefits.
Military Tuition Assistance Procedure: Financial Aid Specific to the
• Military students must first complete the TA Center for External Studies
Authorization form, which can be found under Undergraduate Programs
the Education tab;
Definitions
• The TA Authorization form must be received
Week = 7 calendar days
before the fee waiver or course cost adjustments
will be applied. TA vouchers must be received Academic/Financial Aid Award Year Definition = 40
prior to the first class date of each term. weeks of instructional time and 24 earned credits
• Once the TA Authorization form has been Financial Aid Payment/Disbursement Period = Minimum
received by the Ashford University Campus 20 weeks of instructional time and 12 earned credits
Financial Aid Office, an invoice will be sent Block/Course = 5 weeks of instructional time
to the military. A copy of this invoice may be
mailed or faxed to the student upon request. Loan Disbursement Information
• After command approval has been received, the Loan periods are two terms in length, unless students
student digitally signs the TA Authorization form. begin at the mid-point of a term; then the loan period will
The form should be faxed to (563)-242-8684 or run for 2 ½ terms.
delivered to the Campus Financial Aid Office. Loan periods are 40 calendar weeks in length. The
beginning of the loan period will coincide with the date a
Book Benefits for Eligible Military student begins coursework.
Books, including standard shipping costs, required for an
The first disbursement will be delivered on or after the
eligible student’s program of study and purchased through
start date of the course, depending upon completion of the
Ashford University’s bookstore or textbook partner will
financial aid paperwork.
be covered by Ashford University. Students enrolled in
undergraduate or graduate level programs who meet one The second disbursement will be delivered once a student
of the criteria below may certify their eligibility to receive has successfully completed at least 12 undergraduate-
this benefit. level credits. A student must also be registered for and
start the next class, and at least half of the loan period (20
Eligible Military Status:
weeks) must have passed. Grades of “W,” “WF,” “*I,” or
• Active Duty “F” do not count toward successfully completed courses.
• National Guard Grades of “D+,” “D,” or “D-” that do not count towards
successful completion of required competency courses
• Reserves
and thus must be repeated, also do not count toward
• Veterans/Retired successfully completed courses. In addition, students who
(eligible for VA education benefits) are required or choose to repeat courses in which they
• Spouse of Active Duty/Nat Guard/Reserve earned a grade of “C,” will not have the repeated course
counted toward successfully completed courses.
• Department of Defense Employee
A student may receive a second loan once these conditions
Students taking a break of greater than 29 days in have been met:
enrollment will be asked to recertify eligibility for book
benefits and/or military tuition grant by faxing a copy of • The initial 40-week loan period has ended.
their military ID card indicating a future expiration date or • The student has completed at least 40 weeks
other appropriate verification. of non-concurrent instructional time. This may
take longer than the 40-week loan period if the
Other Available Financial Aid student does not remain continuously enrolled in
Alternative loans may be available in addition to aid sequential courses.
programs listed. Students may request information • The student has successfully completed at least
through the Financial Aid Office or by speaking with their 24 undergraduate-level credits and is registered
Financial Services Advisor. Scholarships, grants, and for another course. Grades of “W,” “WF,”
loans are also made by private organizations. Students “*I,” or “F” do not count toward successfully
should check with their high school, area civic groups, completed courses. Grades of “D+,” “D,”
businesses, and churches to determine availability. or “D-” that do not count towards successful

completion of required competency courses and A student may receive a second loan once these conditions
thus must be repeated, also do not count toward have been met:
successfully completed courses. In addition, • The initial 36-week loan period has ended.
students who are required or choose to repeat
courses in which they earned a grade of “C,” • The student has completed at least 36 weeks
will not have the repeated course counted toward of non-concurrent instructional time. This may
successfully completed courses. take longer than the 36-week loan period if the
student does not remain continuously enrolled in
*Note: Once a grade of “I” is successfully completed sequential courses.
for a permanent grade as outlined above, the course will
count towards successful completion. • The student has successfully completed at least
18 graduate-level credits and is registered for
Tuition Payment and Financial Aid another course. Grades of “W,” “WF,” “*I,” or
Each financial aid disbursement is intended to cover “F” do not count toward successfully completed
tuition costs for at least 12 undergraduate-level credits. courses. In addition, students who are required
However, students who do not meet the criteria listed or choose to repeat courses in which they earned
above for receipt of loan funds may be required to pay a grade of “C” will not have the repeated course
for more than the minimum number of courses before a counted toward successfully completed courses.
subsequent disbursement is available. *Note: Once a grade of “I” is successfully completed
Students who do not consistently register for for a permanent grade as outlined above, the course will
sequential courses may not be eligible for financial aid count towards successful completion.
disbursements.
Tuition Payment and Financial Aid
Each financial aid disbursement is intended to cover
Financial Aid Specific to the Center for
tuition costs for at least 9 graduate-level credits. However,
External Studies Graduate Programs students who do not meet the criteria listed above for
Definitions receipt of loan funds may be required to pay for more
Week = 7 calendar days than the minimum number of courses before a subsequent
disbursement is available.
Academic/Financial Aid Award Year Definition = 36
weeks of instructional time and 18 earned credits Types of Aid Available for Graduate Students:
Financial Aid Payment/Disbursement Period = Minimum • Federal Stafford Loan
18 weeks of instructional time and 9 earned credits • Students may request information about
Block/Course = 6 weeks of instructional time alternative loans through the Financial Aid
Office.
Loan Qualifications and Disbursement Graduate Stafford Loan Limits:
Loan periods are 36 calendar weeks in length. The • Subsidized $8,500.00
beginning of the loan period will coincide with the date a
student begins coursework. • Unsubsidized $12,000.00
The first disbursement will be delivered on or after the • Maximum Lifetime Loan Limit $138,500.00
start date of the course, depending upon completion of the • Maximum Lifetime Aggregate Subsidized Loan
financial aid paperwork. Limit $65,500
The second disbursement will be delivered once a • Maximum Lifetime Aggregate Unsubsidized
student has successfully completed at least 9 graduate- Loan Limit $73,000
level credits. A student must also be registered for and • A borrower who has reached his or her aggregate
start the next class, and at least half of the loan period borrowing limit may not receive additional loans.
(18 weeks) must have passed. Grades of “W,” “WF,”
“*I,” or “F” do not count toward successfully completed
courses. In addition, students who are required or choose
to repeat courses in which they earned a grade of “C” will
not have the repeated course counted toward successfully
completed courses.
University Refund and Repayment Policies Special Circumstances
The following policies govern refunds to students in Students called to active duty in the Armed Forces of the
case of course drop, withdrawal, or dismissal from the United States or leaving the University because of illness
University. Students who do not have federal financial aid or other causes beyond their control may receive special
will have their charges and financial credits assessed in consideration. Each case will be considered individually
accordance with the refund policy. Any nonfederal aid will based upon the special circumstances involved. Tuition,
be prorated and refunded using the same percentages in room, and board refunds may be authorized on a pro rata
the refund policy. No refund will be made if the student’s basis or such other adjustments as considered necessary in
withdrawal date occurs after 60% of the enrollment period those circumstances. Decisions are solely at the discretion
has passed. of the University and are final.
Institutional Tuition Refund Policy Dismissal/Expulsion

Students whose last date of attendance (LDA) for a class Students dismissed or expelled from the University are
or semester, as outlined in the chart below, is during the not authorized refunds of any kind other than those
indicated week will receive the tuition credit indicated. provided by the withdrawal policy. Any financial aid
Classes for On-campus Traditional terms begin on available to a student who has been dismissed will
Monday and end on Friday. Classes in the Center for be based on the student’s dismissal date and will be
External Studies Undergraduate and Graduate programs calculated accordingly.
begin on Tuesday and end on Monday of each week.
If a student drops on or before the start date of a course,
a 100% refund of the total cost of the course, excluding
books, materials, administrative fees, student services
fees, technology services fees, orientation fees, and other
fees applies.
Tuition refunds/credits are based upon class or semester
length as outlined below.
Return of Title IV is based on the length of the
payment period.
Ashford University Tuition Refund Schedule

*Refund percentage applied based on week of last date of
attendance (LDA)
Course 1st * 2nd * 3rd * 4th * 5th* 6th* 7th* 8th* 9th* 10th*
Program Length week week week week week week week week week week
Semester-Based Programs
(On-Campus Traditional Format) 16 100% 100% 80% 60% 60% 60% 40% 40% 40% 0%
Refund % by Semester LDA
Semester-Based 8-Week Format
(On-Campus ASPIRE,
8 100% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% N/A N/A
On-Campus Traditional Formats)
Refund % by Course LDA
Nonterm-Based Graduate
Level Programs
6 100% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% N/A N/A N/A N/A
(Online, On-Campus ASPIRE Formats)
Nonterm-Based Undergraduate
Level Programs
5 100% 50% 0% 0% 0% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
(Online, On-Campus ASPIRE Formats)

Federal Financial Aid Refunds/Repayments Students who do not have federal financial aid will have
The U.S. Department of Education requires every their charges and financial credits assessed in accordance
institution participating in Title IV Federal Financial Aid with the University Refund Policy. Any nonfederal aid
Programs to have a fair and equitable refund policy. Under and/or personal payments will be refunded according to
this policy, the institution is required to refund unearned the Refund Policy.
tuition to a student who withdraws or otherwise fails to
complete the period of enrollment for which the federal Ashford University Alumni Tuition Grant
aid was intended. Application fees are waived for the students who have
graduated from an Ashford University degree program and
The University uses the prorated refund policy defined
wish to apply for another degree.
by governmental regulations. This refund equals that
portion of tuition, fees, and any other charges assessed Associate’s to Bachelor’s: Students who graduate
to the student by the institution until the date a student from an Ashford University Associate’s degree program
withdraws, minus any unpaid charges owed by the and enroll in an Ashford University Bachelor’s degree
student. No federal refund is required if the student’s last program are eligible for an Alumni Tuition Grant. To
date of attendance occurs after 60% of the enrollment be eligible for the grant, students must successfully
period has passed. complete four attempted courses after matriculation into
a Bachelor’s degree program. The tuition grant will then
If a student withdraws completely from the University
be applied to the student’s account in the amount of tuition
prior to the first 60% of the payment period, it is very
charged for the fifth attempted course.
likely a portion of the financial aid the student received
will be required to be returned to the federal government. Bachelor’s to Master’s: Students who graduate from
The calculations for determining how much aid must an Ashford University Bachelor’s degree program and
be returned is based on the date the student begins the enroll in an Ashford University Master’s degree program
withdrawal process from Ashford University. If the are eligible for an Alumni Tuition Grant. To be eligible
student withdraws completely from the University after for the grant, students must successfully complete three
the 60%, the student is entitled to retain aid received. attempted courses after matriculation into a Master’s
Any student considering withdrawing should consult with degree program. The tuition grant will then be applied to
the Financial Aid Office to discuss the effects on loan the student’s account in the amount of tuition charged for
eligibility. These effects vary depending on the student’s the fourth attempted course.
program of study. It is important, if a student does need
to leave school, to complete the official withdrawal Questions About Financial Aid
process and fully understand the financial implications of Students should call, write, or visit the Financial Aid
disruptions to continuous attendance. Office for help in completing forms, answering questions,
As a result of these requirements, all or part of the federal and explaining the award process. The Financial Aid
and institutional funds awarded to a student may need to Office telephone number for On-Campus Traditional
be repaid to their respective programs. Repayments due Programs is (563) 242-4023, ext. 7727; the fax number for
to Title IV programs will be reimbursed in the following On-Campus Traditional Programs is (563) 242-8684.
sequence*: The Financial Services telephone number for students in
the Center for External Studies is (866) 974-5700.
1. Unsubsidized Federal Loans
2. Subsidized Federal Loans
3. Perkins Loan (where applicable)
4. Federal PLUS Loans
5. Federal Pell Grant
6. Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG)
7. National SMART Grant
8. Federal SEOG
*This sequence may be revised without notice to conform
to new federal regulations.
On-Campus Student Services
Ashford University has a commitment to the educational
Section Five goals of a regional, national, and international
student population. This mission, shared by the entire
University community, is that students live and learn
in an environment that fosters a supportive and caring
community. The Student Success Office makes every
attempt to meet the needs of the University’s globally
diverse students through various programs designed to
enhance the experience of all students.
The University provides a wide range of student-centered
services. Many are part of the Office of Student Success,
while others are provided elsewhere throughout the
University. Services provided are detailed below.
Office of Student Success

The Office of Student Success develops, implements, and
continually evaluates the University’s living and learning
programs and services offered to University students.
These programs and services are actively integrated
throughout the University and encompass values that
Campus
enhance and enrich the moral, intellectual, spiritual,
and psychological growth of the whole student. The
office includes the Director of Student Success, Career
Student Life Development and Activities, Student Success Activities,

Residence Life, Alumni, Campus Security, University
Retention Services, Career Lab, Student Center, Clare’s
Corner, Orientation, and Health Service Referrals.
The Student Success Office coordinates the on-campus
student ID/Access Cards, health insurance forms, and
campus postings of signs. Students are encouraged to
contact the Student Success Office with any questions
or concerns.
Career Development and Activities

The Career Development and Activities Office offers
resources related to career exploration, employment, job-
seeking techniques, sample resumes, cover letters, and
career testing. A career services bulletin board is updated
regularly and lists full-time, part-time, and temporary
employment opportunities from worldwide employers
as well as internships. Job postings and internships are
also located on our website at www.ashford.edu. In
addition, directories of public, private, and nonprofit
industries, state, and regional school districts, federal
and international career opportunities, internships, and
summer jobs are available for student use.
The Career Development and Activities Office also
provides individualized career planning assistance to all
students and alumni. Through career testing, individuals
may explore their interests, abilities, values, and job
realities, while identifying career options and goals.
Annually, the office may host a career lecture series
49
Campus Student Life
and themed interview weeks to provide assistance with • Providing opportunities for residents to
placement opportunities, interview experience, job experience a balance of educational, recreational,
shadows, and the opportunity to explore the current job cultural, and social programs within the halls;
market. Services are also provided via career services and
workshops on a variety of career-related topics and • Encouraging residents to govern themselves,
networking opportunities with alumni. Participation at within their living and learning environments, by
regional job fairs can be arranged through the Career providing guidelines and regulations.
Development and Activities Office, and the office also
hosts Homecoming in the fall and local alumni nights in The University residence halls are available to all
and around the community. members of the University on-campus community.
The halls provide lounges, reception, and living
Residence Life accommodations for all residential students. Durham
The Residence Life Program seeks to create a living and Hall and Regis Hall serve the residential needs of the
learning environment in which students, faculty, and staff University. All rooms are equipped with beds, storage
benefit from the scholarly exchange of insights, ideas, space, desks, and chairs. Each room is Internet and cable
and experiences. To this end, the University adheres to a ready. Indoor and outdoor recreational facilities, designed
residence requirement to provide adequate time for such to enhance the living and learning environment, are
an exchange and for the student’s development both inside centrally located and open to all residents of the campus
and outside the classroom. See Residence Life Handbook community (e.g., sand volleyball, basketball, etc.).
for more information regarding Residence Life policies. Students are strongly encouraged to play an active role in
The residence halls are an integral part of the total all aspects of the hall’s functioning. Hall Council fosters
education program for students. Therefore, to develop a community within and between each hall through a
student-centered, group-living experience that encourages governing structure that includes student staff members,
self-responsibility for decisions, behaviors, and a sense residents of each hall, and the Director of Residence Life.
of community among all residents, students need to HC is an organization that serves as the representative
comply with all policies and regulations. Each resident, body for resident students and provides many excellent
as a member of the overall residence hall community, is opportunities for students to become involved. A liaison
required to attend all hall and floor meetings. between the Residence Life Office and the residents, HC
provides the residence hall community with educational,
The philosophy of the Residence Life Program is designed social, cultural, and programming opportunities.
to complement and enhance the educational mission of the
University. This philosophy is based on self-governance Missing Student Notification
within a matrix that includes the Student Success staff, the It is the obligation of the entire University community to
Student Code of Conduct, the Residence Life staff, and immediately report a student who has been missing for
the Hall Council (HC). Within this structure, the Director 24 hours to the Office of Student Success. Please read the
of Residence Life fosters self-governance by working Health and Safety section of this Catalog to review the
closely with the residents, student staff, and HC as an complete missing student notification policy.
educator, mediator, and advisor. The Director oversees
the Resident Advisors/Assistants and HC, as well as the Children’s Services
development and implementation of residential policies in The University offers, at a cost and when space is
conjunction with the Director of Student Success. available, a drop-in child care program for children 3 to 6
years of age. The child care service is available weekdays
The overall Residence Life Program is committed to: from 7:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., during the school year only.
• Providing a support system of professional staff The University offers a preschool for children ages 3 to 5.
and paraprofessional student staff who work to Two-hour morning and afternoon sessions are available
promote respect for individual differences, while from Labor Day to Memorial Day. All children must meet
encouraging residents to meet academic goals state eligibility requirements and provide all required
and the many social and emotional needs of a documentation.
positive University residence hall community; Individuals interested in registering a child for a program
• Placing an emphasis on living and learning as a should contact Ashford Children’s Center, located on the
community, while teaching residents how to take first floor of the Science Building, at (563) 242-4023, ext.
responsibility for their own actions and resolving 2100 for more information.
their own problems;
Campus Student Life
Student Center Food Service
The collegiate center is the Student Center, which is The food service at the University is operated by
designed for meetings, social events, and an opportunity AmeriServe, Inc. AmeriServe operates two dining
to gather, socialize, and relax. The Student Center features options for the University, the main dining hall and
a television lounge, a commuter lounge, and a game room Clare’s Corner.
located adjacent to the bookstore. Clare’s Corner provides
a snack bar environment for all students and it serves as an Main Dining Hall
alternative dining option for residential students. Vending Payment for a meal is required for admission to the Dining
machines and a microwave are also available for student Hall. Meals are served primarily in the Dining Hall (lower
use. Students who use the lounge are asked to respect the level of St. Clare Hall) during the following times (dining
rights of others by keeping the area neat and clean. hours and services are subject to change and may not be
available during scheduled holidays and breaks):
Departments, organizations, or individuals wishing to
schedule an activity, event, or information table within the Monday - Friday:
Student Center must contact the Student Success Office Breakfast 7:30 a.m. - 9:00 a.m.
for reservation information. Continental Breakfast 9:00 a.m. - 9:30 a.m.
Lunch 11:15 a.m. - 2:45 p.m.
Durgin Educational Center Salad & Sandwich 12:45 p.m. - 1:15 p.m.
The Durgin Educational Center includes the University Dinner 4:45 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. (Monday - Thursday)
gymnasium (Kehl Arena) and the Golinvaux Fitness Dinner 4:45 p.m. - 5:45 p.m. (Friday)
Center and provides facilities and equipment for Saturday - Sunday:
recreational and physical education activities, both
organized and informal. Brunch 11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
Dinner 4:45 p.m. - 6:00 p.m.
The University gymnasium is open for student use,
dependent on scheduling; physical education classes, The University board program provides three meals per
intercollegiate athletics, and intramural athletics shall have weekday, Monday–Friday, and brunch and dinner on the
first priority for use. Special events occasionally require weekend. All resident students must participate in the
the temporary closing of specific areas. Students should University’s board program plan. Each meal, whether it
check the area bulletin boards or ask at the athletics is breakfast, lunch, or dinner, is deducted from the total
offices regarding any closings. Some athletic equipment is number of meals. Unused meals are not carried over and
available for student use and can be obtained through the are nonrefundable and nontransferable.
Athletics Department. No food or tableware can be taken from the main Dining
The Golinvaux Fitness Center offers state-of-the-art Hall. Requests for meals for resident students who are ill
facilities for full body workout and exercise including free or who have university-related conflicts must be made
weights, Nautilus equipment, plyometric boxes, aerodyne through the Food Service Director.
bicycles, an elliptical machine, and a treadmill. Hours Special diets: If you have any special dietary needs, food
will be posted. The Fitness Center is closed during all service will attempt to tailor a program to those needs.
University athletic home events at Kehl Arena. Students Please inform the Food Service Director in writing.
should check the Fitness Center bulletin board for event Vegetarian and low-fat items are always offered on the
schedules and facility closings. daily menu.
The Fitness Center is open only to the following Nonresident/commuter students wishing to eat in the
individuals: registered Ashford University students, main Dining Hall may purchase a meal plan or pay for
alumni of the University who have an earned degree, and each meal at the door before entering. Contact the Student
faculty/staff of the University and their families. Upon Success Office for more information.
request, a valid Ashford University student ID/Access A valid Ashford University student ID/Access Card must
Card must be presented for admission to the Fitness be presented by resident students for admission to the
Center and to all other areas of the Durgin Educational Dining Hall. Lost or stolen IDs should be reported to the
Center. (Family members under the age of 16 must be Student Success Office immediately. Replacement cards
accompanied by an adult.) may be obtained for a fee.
Note: Use of Durgin Educational Center is allowed only
during posted hours, with the exception of sports teams
supervised by coaching staff.

Campus Student Life
Clare’s Corner General Hours of Campus Facilities
Clare’s Corner offers a snack bar environment for all General campus office hours are 8:00 a.m. until 4:30 p.m.
students and it serves as an alternative dining option for Monday through Friday. Hours of operation for
residential students. Residential students may use their each department and facility will be updated and posted
student ID/Access Card in Clare’s Corner under their on campus throughout the academic year. No one will
meal plan offered by the University. Commuter students be allowed to use a campus facility after the posted
may either purchase food items or utilize the vending hours end.
machines. A microwave is also available for student use.
Clare’s Corner operates during the following times Student Activities
(services are subject to change and may not be available Students attending the University can choose from a
during scheduled holidays and breaks): variety of activities to participate in as part of their
Monday - Thursday: 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. University experience. Some of these activities are
detailed below.
Friday: 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
University Bookstore Student Success Activities Office

Course textbooks, school supplies, University The Student Success Activities Office provides support,
memorabilia (including insignia clothing and souvenirs), resources and advice to assist students in planning
and limited personal supplies are available at the programs and developing organization and leadership
University Bookstore. skills. The office works closely with the Director of
Student Success, the Student Government Association,
Bookstore Refund Policy and student organizations in the programming of student
Textbooks purchased at the beginning of each semester activities.
may be returned for full refund, subject to the following The Student Success Activities Office is also responsible
conditions: for coordinating many of the University’s “learning
• Students have until the last day of the drop/add and living” co-curricular activities and events, both on
deadline to request a refund. and off campus. The philosophy of the office centers
• Books to be returned must be accompanied by on a holistic approach to education, one in which high
the receipt of purchase. standards and expectations are placed upon students
toward the development of mind, body, and soul. The
• New books must be free of all markings and in
office’s key principle is that of community involvement: a
original wrap (if originally wrapped).
concept through which students, faculty, and staff actively
• Defective books will be replaced. participate in the mission of the University, shaping its
image and making the student’s University experience
Buyback Policy even more meaningful and successful for all members of
During the last two days of final exams at the end of each the community.
semester, the Bookstore will hold a textbook buyback
opportunity. Students should bring all textbooks to the Student Success Activities Office events include Welcome
buyback unless the books will be kept for future reference. Week and Homecoming. The office also coordinates
Textbooks will be purchased at 50% of the student’s events such as movie nights, bowling, comedians, and
purchase price if the following conditions exist: other such entertainment. Additionally, the Student
• the book will be required during the following Success Activities Office provides support services and
semester; resources to all students and student clubs in the area of
leadership development. The Career Development and
• the Bookstore is not overstocked on the textbook; Activities Coordinator also assists the Director of Student
• books must be in resale condition. The Bookstore Success in advising the Student Government Association
reserves the right to refuse to buyback books if and coordinating new student orientation. Additionally,
such books are not in resalable condition. the Office works directly with the Student Success Office,
Workbooks, lab manuals, mass market paperbacks, and Student Government Association, intramural athletics,
study guides will not be bought back by the Bookstore. student organizations, and other clubs in coordinating
campus activities and events.
The Bookstore has no guarantee that all of the student’s
textbooks will be bought for 50% of the purchase price.
New editions and the selections of textbooks for student
use are beyond the control of the University Bookstore
management.
Campus Student Life
Student Government Association Campus Organizations
The Ashford University Student Government Association The University offers many opportunities for students to
provides a means of expression for the student body and become involved in clubs and organizations on campus.
an opportunity for students to participate in and share the Campus organizations include, but are not limited to,
responsibility for student life. All students automatically service organizations, religious groups, special interest
become members of the Student Government Association groups, special event planning committees, support
with their payment of the University activity fee. The groups, honor societies, and recreation clubs. Anyone
nonrefundable activity fees comprise the budget of the interested in forming a club or organization on campus
University Student Government Association. The activity should contact the Student Success Activities Office
fees subsidize the cost of events sponsored by the Student for more information. The following list represents
Government Association. organizations active on the University campus:
The Student Government Association is the representative Campus Pals: Mentors at risk middle school students
body of the students and directs student elections, with their homework and offer leadership activities to the
social and cultural activities, and special events. Any students.
department, group, or individual who wishes to sponsor Concert Choir: Auditioned vocal ensembles open to
an entertainment or social activity for students is asked students from all majors. The group rehearses three
to coordinate the event with the Student Government times weekly and performs a wide variety of works from
Association. For more information, contact the Student western to popular music. The performing schedule has
Government Association President or the Career included madrigal dinners and a spring tour as well as a
Development and Activities Coordinator. variety of concerts, both on- and off-campus.
The Student Government Association consists of the Crème de la Crème: A service sorority that is the premier
following: organization for young women at AU. The purpose
• The Executive Officers, who are elected in of the organization is learning, developing, nurturing
the spring of the previous academic year. The and maximizing the member’s leadership potential as
Student Government Association, along with the individuals and professionals.
Career Development and Activities Coordinator, Fine Arts Club: An organization that unites the University
shall decide the number and specific titles of community members who have an affinity for artistic
these positions. expression and organizes, with collective effort, a
• The Senators representing a cross-section of company of performers from all arenas of art to convey,
the student body. These representatives are not teach, entertain, and communicate to one another and to
elected but make a personal commitment to the the University community the causes and effects of
Student Government Association. artistic expression.
• One representative from each recognized campus Hall Council: The governing body of the University
club/organization. residents, whose members include all students living in
Student Government Association Mission Statement Durham Hall and Regis Hall. Hall Council promotes a
We are dedicated to representing the student body with living environment conducive to the improvement of the
integrity, by the following standards: residents’ academic, social, cultural, spiritual, and physical
welfare. Officers are elected in the spring semester, and
• We are dedicated to a commitment to our vision representatives from each floor are appointed early in
while creating partnerships with a sense of the fall.
personhood.
Inspirational Choir: Performance choir focusing on
• We are dedicated to knowing the strengths and gospel music which is open to all majors.
weaknesses of ourselves and applying them
while keeping the diversity of the students Latin American Student Organization (L.A.S.O.): A
in mind. group promoting activism, advocacy and raises awareness
about Latin American issues; organizes events that
• We are dedicated to being academically and provide information about the cultural richness of Latin
socially sound role models. America.
• We are dedicated to an awareness of diversity and Mu Omega Sigma Fraternity: A group of young men
take pride and embrace our differences. who work with other AU students and at-risk students in
• We are dedicated to the intellectual and the community to encourage their success in earning an
emotional growth of ourselves and the student education.
body we represent.

Campus Student Life
Phi Beta Lambda: A national organization for students Honor Societies: University students are academically
interested in a business career. Members tour businesses; recognized through the following honor societies:
invite business people to chapter meetings; compete in • Junior/Senior Honor Society: Recognizes and
state, regional, and national business contests; and become encourages scholarship among juniors and
involved in other business-related activities. seniors. Membership is extended to full-time
Ping Pong Association: Group of students who want to juniors and seniors who have completed at least
play ping-pong playing at AU and to compete with other one semester at the University and have attained
organizations, colleges, and universities. a semester grade point average of 3.50 or better.
Spirit Club: Helps cheer on the AU Saints athletic teams Thereafter, the student must maintain a grade
and promotes university spirit during other events. point average of 3.20.
Student Ambassadors (SA): Under the direction of the • Lambda Sigma Society: A national honors
Admissions Office, Student Ambassadors serve as links society that recognizes scholarship, service, and
between current students, prospective students, and leadership in sophomores. Membership in the
alumni, developing a strong networking system. Alpha Upsilon chapter is extended to full-time
sophomores who have completed at least one
Student Iowa State Education Association (SISEA): freshman semester at the University and have
A student organization devoted to helping fulfill attained a semester grade point average of 3.20
the mission of its parent organization, the National or better.
Education Association (NEA). The Iowa State Education
Association (ISEA), NEA, and SISEA promote the cause • Mu Sigma Eta: A society composed of honor
of quality public education and advance the profession of students from the fields of biology, chemistry,
education; expand the rights and further the interests of and mathematics. This organization promotes the
educational employees; and advocate human, civil, and scientific development of it members. Admission
economic rights for all. SISEA membership encompasses is by faculty invitation.
local, state, and national levels and allows members to
participate in cooperative work on the problems of the Athletics
profession and the community as they prepare for
teaching careers.
Intercollegiate Athletics
Athletic activities at the University include men’s and
Wind Ensemble: A select instrumental ensemble open to women’s basketball, soccer, track and field, and golf;
students from all majors, faculty/staff of the University, men’s baseball; and women’s softball and volleyball. The
and interested community members. Members need to University is a member of the National Association of
display a competency on their chosen instruments. The Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and the Midwest Classic
wind ensemble meets weekly in regularly scheduled Conference. To participate in intercollegiate sports, a
rehearsals and establishes its own performance schedule. student must be enrolled in a minimum of 12 institutional
credit hours, attain the prescribed grade point average,
Other Campus Activities and have accumulated a specified number of credit hours.
Other activities on campus include, but are not limited to, Details regarding athletic eligibility may be found in the
the following: Athletic Handbook or by contacting the Athletics Office.
Artists’ Series: The University may offer a full calendar
of performing artists throughout the school year. Students Intramural Athletics
may attend at no charge and frequently receive class credit The intramural program is intended to allow all current
for attendance. students, faculty, staff, and their spouses to become
involved in recreational activities regardless of skill
Lecture Series: The University sponsors several lectures
level or past experience, in order to develop a lifetime
each year. The traditional Matriculation Ceremony held
interest in recreational activities and to maintain a healthy
in the fall, which features a speaker, formally begins
lifestyle. The intramural program is student run and is
the academic year and welcomes new students into the
coordinated by the Student Success Activities Office.
University community. The annual Sr. Cortona Phelan
In addition to participating, students serve as event
lecture series features a guest lecturer to speak about a
supervisors, league commissioners, officials, floor athletic
topic related to the University’s heritage, causes, and
directors, and team captains. For more information contact
philosophy. The Bonaventure lecture series showcases
the Student Success Activities Office.
faculty members in their area of expertise. Guest lecturers
are also frequently invited to campus to enhance the
instruction in individual classes.
Campus Student Life
General Campus Information Office reserves the right to remove any item(s) posted
improperly. Requirements for the posting of signs and
Campus ID/Access Cards posters are shown below.
Each student receives a campus Student ID/Access Card. • Signs and posters may be displayed on designated
Access Cards are generally obtained through the Student bulletin boards, cork strips, or non-painted surfaces
Success Office at the beginning of each semester. The only. Posting is prohibited on campus buildings,
campus Access Card is required for electronic building trees, cars, sign posts, windows, glass doors, and
access after normal business hours; check out of Library painted surfaces without special permission from
materials; admission to University social, cultural, and the Student Success Office.
athletic events; access to the University Fitness Center;
and access to the Dining Hall for those students on a board • Please use masking tape (not transparent tape),
plan. The Access Card also entitles the holder to reduced tacks, or appropriate hardware to display signs and
rates for City of Clinton bus passes. posters. All signs and posters should be removed
within 24 hours after the event advertised.
An Access Card is nontransferable. Suspension of activity
privileges and access to the Dining Hall and Fitness • Items posted should be legible and attractive.
Center may be imposed if an Access Card is used by The club, organization, or event moderator
anyone other than the person to whom it was issued. should check signs/posters made by students for
grammar, spelling, and appropriateness of content.
Replacement Access Cards may be obtained through the
Student Success Office; a $40.00 fee will be charged for • The posting of notices and/or advertisements that
replacement cards. A student who withdraws from the include the sponsorship, distribution, consumption
University must return his/her campus Access Card to the or sale of alcohol at an event/function, whether
Student Success Office. held on or off campus, is strictly prohibited. The
distribution of such notices and/or advertisements
Student Mailboxes into campus mailboxes is prohibited.
All undergraduate students are assigned a campus mailbox. Note: Prior to posting, employment notices, job openings,
This mailbox may remain the same for the duration of the and other career-related items must be approved by the
time a student is enrolled at the University. Faculty, staff, Career Development and Activities Coordinator or the
administration, and students may use these mailboxes to Student Success Office.
communicate with individual students. All students are
responsible for checking their mailboxes frequently. A
Lost and Found Articles
fee is charged if a key needs to be replaced. Vandalism of
The lost and found service is located at the Information
student mailboxes will be considered a criminal trespass.
Desk, second floor, St. Clare Hall. Students should check
U.S. Postal delivery service is provided to resident students
with this office for missing items or to turn in items found
within their regular student mailboxes. Please contact the
on campus.
Business Office with any problems or questions.
The University does not accept responsibility for the
Locker Sign-Up loss of students’ possessions and advises students to
Lockers are available for any student; a locker sign-up secure their items properly. Any suspected thefts should
sheet is kept in the Student Success Office. A student be reported immediately to the Campus Security Office
may select any empty locker for his/her use and must so that a description of the missing property can be
indicate the locker number chosen on the sign-up sheet. circulated.
Lockers in use without proper sign-up may be subject to
lock removal. The student who selects a particular locker Campus Publications
is responsible for making sure that locker is cleaned out. The Clarion: The University publishes a student
Anything left in lockers may become the property of newspaper called The Clarion. This publication offers
Ashford University. interested students the opportunity to participate in various
aspects of newspaper production including reporting,
Signs and Posters writing, editing, layout, photography, advertising, and
The posting of signs and posters for clubs, organizations, management. All students are invited to apply for a
and activities on and off campus; community events; position on the newspaper staff. Students enrolled in the
or publicity information must be approved through the News Writing course may earn limited academic credit for
Student Success Office. All items must be stamped serving on the newspaper staff.
and initialed prior to posting. The Student Success

Campus Student Life
Publicity and Photo Release student should change cars during the academic year, a
All media releases of information originating from replacement permit will be issued for $10.00. Second
the University should be channeled through the permits will be issued to students for another family car
Communications Office. Media inquiries directed at a cost of $10.00.
toward students, faculty, and staff at the University Faculty and staff parking permits are also issued though
are to be directed to the Communications Office, and the Campus Security Office, in the same manner as the
administrators, faculty, staff, or students who are student parking permits. Applicable faculty/staff parking
contacted directly by the media should refer the media to regulations are available at the Campus Security Office
the Office of Communications. Comments should not be as well.
given to the media until the Office of Communications has
been contacted. Special Permits: Students needing special parking permits
should discuss their needs with the Campus Security
All students give implicit permission and authorization Office. Special permits are issued for visitors, temporary
to the University to use any still photograph/video of physical disabilities, and emergency reasons only. Visitors
themselves that is taken or is authorized by a University may obtain a temporary parking permit from the Campus
faculty or staff member for instructional or promotional Security or Student Success Office during office hours.
purposes, unless a written request to withhold directory This special permit must be hung from the rear-view
information is on file in the Registrar’s Office. mirror. Visitors may park in designated spots in Lot B or
Students, faculty, and staff are encouraged to inform anywhere in Lot C.
the Communications Office about newsworthy events Parking Fines: A basic fine of $15.00, payable at the
and developments regarding class and campus events Business Office within 48 hours, will be charged for
of interest. Students should also contact their advisers violations of the parking regulations, except as listed
regarding newsworthy information. below. Violators with three or more fines will have their
vehicles towed at the owner’s expense.
Campus Parking Policy • A fine of $35.00, payable at the Business Office
Students are permitted to bring motor vehicles to campus.
within 48 hours, will be charged to all vehicles
Students who wish to park on campus must display a
illegally parked in spaces marked “Child Care”
student parking permit on the back side of the rear-view
or specially designated parking such as Speech
mirror of the vehicle. Students are required to register
and Hearing, etc.
their vehicles every year and are responsible for all
fines attributed to that vehicle. A motor vehicle is the • A fine of $100.00, payable at the Business Office
responsibility of the student whose name is on the most within 48 hours, will be charged to all vehicles
current registration card and/or the owner. Motorcycles, illegally parked in spaces marked “Handicapped
snowmobiles, mopeds, and any other motorized vehicle Only.”
are subject to all usual parking rules and regulations. • Vehicles parked in spaces designated as fire
Parking regulations are enforced 24 hours per day, seven lanes will be towed immediately, at the owner’s
days per week in all student, visitor, and tow-away zones. expense, and a fine of $100.00, payable at the
Lots are designated according to the campus parking map Business Office within 48 hours, will be charged
available at the Campus Security Office. Parking tickets to the student’s account.
will be issued for violations of parking regulations. A copy
Fines delinquent more than 48 hours will be double their
of the parking policy and a complete list of violations may
original amount.
be obtained from the Director of Campus Security. Please
refer to the parking map and brochure received when a Ticket Appeals Process: All rulings in the appeal process
permit is issued to you. will be made according to the stated Ashford University
Parking Policy. The appeals process is as follows:
Parking Permits: All students wishing to use campus
parking must have a student parking permit. A permit • All fines must be paid before the appeals process
allows a student to park in the designated parking area as can begin. A refund will be issued if a ticket
long as room is available but does not guarantee a parking violation is overturned. However, any late fees
space on campus. Resident students are allowed only will not be refunded.
one vehicle. • A written appeal must be submitted to the Campus
Student parking permits may be obtained free of Security Office within 48 hours of the ticket
charge from the Campus Security Office. The state issuance. All written appeals will be reviewed and
auto registration must be shown to Campus Security a ruling made within five working days from the
staff before a permit is issued. If, for any reason, a date the appeal was received.
Campus Student Life
• Upon ruling, the written decision will be placed Ashford Campus Emergency
in the student’s campus mailbox. A receipt for Phone Numbers/Services
refund will be issued if the ticket is overturned
by the appeals committee; any late charges will The following numbers should be called in the event of an
not be refunded. emergency:
Ambulance 911 (Dial 9 to get an outside line)
Public Transportation
Information on local bus service and regional bus service Fire 911 (Dial 9 to get an outside line)
can be obtained from the Student Success Office. Police 911 (Dial 9 to get an outside line)
Campus Offices Campus Security Office (563) 242-2752

To reach campus offices or resident students, please dial (answered 24 hours a day)
(563) 242-4023 and then the extension. Director of Student Success (563) 242-4023 ext. 7382
College Deans and Faculty Support Services ext. 7834 Director of Campus Security (563) 242-4023 ext. 7868
Admissions ext. 7383 Associate Director of
Alumni Office ext. 7380 Student Services (563) 242-4023 ext. 7789
Athletics Department ext. 7862 University Information Desk (563) 242-4023
Athletic Training ext. 7846
Bookstore ext. 7725
Business Office ext. 7722 Help Lines/Hotlines
24 Hour National Suicide Prevention/
Campus Director’s Office ext. 7707 Mental Health Crisis Lifeline (800) 273-TALK (8255)
Campus Security (563) 242-2752 24 Hour National Domestic
Career Services Office ext. 7380 Violence Hotline (800) 799-SAFE (7233)
Children’s Center ext. 7833 TDD Line: (800) 787-3224
Communications Office ext. 7730 National Sexually Transmitted
Director of Student Success ext. 7382 Disease Hotline (800) 227-8922
Duty Radio (563) 242-2752 ext. 4900 CDC National AIDS Hotline/
National STD Hotline (800) CDC-INFO
Financial Aid ext. 7727 (232-4636)
Fitness Center ext. 7817 National AIDS Hotline for the Hearing Impaired
Flavian Achievement Center ext. 7767 TDD Line: (888) 232-6348
Food Service, AmeriServe, Inc. ext. 7864 24 Hour National Alcohol & Substance
Menu Hot Line ext. 5199 Abuse Information Center (800) 784-6776
Information Desk ext. 7714 Gay and Lesbian National Hotline (888) THE-GLNH
I.T. Help Desk ext. 7752 (843-4564)
Library ext. 7823 The Youth Law Hotline (800) 728-1172
after 5:30p.m. ext. 5536 Poison Control Center (800) 222-1222
Maintenance ext. 7849 National Child Abuse Hotline 800-4-A-CHILD
Registrar’s Office ext. 7702 (422-4453)
Residence Life Office ext. 7789
Durham Hall ext. 1599
Regis Hall ext. 6111
Speech and Hearing Center (563) 242-4070
Student Activities ext. 7812
Student Success Office ext. 7794
A complete University Directory is available by
contacting the Office of Student Success.

University Colleges and
Program Offerings
Section Six Associate, Bachelor’s, and Master’s programs are offered
through three colleges.
College of Arts and Sciences

Bachelor of Arts
• Communication Studies
• English and Communication
• Environmental Studies
• Health Care Administration
• Health Care Studies
• History
• Liberal Arts
• Natural Science
• Political Science and Government
• Psychology
Academic
• Social and Criminal Justice
• Social Science
Information
• Social Science with Education Concentration
• Sociology
and Policies – • Visual Art

Bachelor of Applied Science
General • Health Care Administration

Bachelor of Science
• Biology
• Clinical Cytotechnology
• Clinical Laboratory Science
• Computer Science and Mathematics
• Health Science
• Health Science Administration
• Natural Science
• Nuclear Medicine Technology
Graduate Studies
• Master of Arts in Health Care Administration
59
Academic Information and Policies - General
College of Business and General Education Curriculum
Professional Studies
Associate of Arts Philosophy and Purpose
The higher education offered by the University and
• Business other colleges and universities differs from other forms
Bachelor of Arts of postsecondary education in the belief that education
• Accounting involves preparation for living life as a whole rather than
simply training a student for a specific job. Typically,
• Professional Accounting Program colleges and universities have sought to provide such
• Business Administration preparation by requiring that students devote a substantial
• Business Economics portion—often about one-third—of their coursework
to General Education programs that provide sufficient
• Business Information Systems breadth of education and mastery of essential learning
• Computer Graphic Design skills to enable them to understand and to adapt to a
• Organizational Management changing world as well as to contribute to its betterment.
While virtually all institutions of higher education have
• Public Administration some sort of General Education requirements, there is
• Public Relations and Marketing much variety, and the pattern that a college’s General
Education program takes says a great deal about its values,
• Sports and Recreation Management
its view of the world, and its personality.
The University’s General Education requirements are
• Accounting grounded firmly in the University’s mission statement,
• Computer which places the University squarely within the liberal
arts tradition of higher education. It speaks of intellectual
• Computer Graphic Design
growth and of a shared search for truth within a
• Management community that values diversity in ways of learning and
Graduate Studies forms of knowledge as well as in terms of the people the
University seeks to serve.
• Master of Arts in Organizational Management
In crafting a General Education program that reflects
• Master of Business Administration
the mission statement, the faculty believed that students
• Master of Public Administration graduating from the University should first of all possess
certain competencies that define a college-educated
College of Education person. In curricular terms, this takes the form of a
Bachelor of Arts competency block in which students must demonstrate
• Business Education proficiency in applied ethics, computing, critical thinking,
mathematics, and written and oral communication.
• Early Childhood Education These learning skills are valuable in and of themselves
• Early Childhood Education Administration and, doubly so, when used as means to realize the
• Education (non-licensure) “intellectual growth” and “shared search for truth” of the
mission statement. They are also skills much in demand
• Elementary Education by employers.
• Physical Education A liberal arts education is rooted in the idea of preparing
Graduate Studies a person for life as a citizen in a free society and, so,
• Master of Arts in Education demands breadth. In structuring this part of the General
Education program, the faculty formulated five general
• Master of Arts in Teaching and Learning with goals in the areas of aesthetic awareness, literature,
Technology physical world, social awareness, and values and beliefs.
These goals were then defined in greater detail as learning
outcomes within each subject area. Courses appropriate
to the desired outcomes were identified and incorporated
into the General Education curriculum. Certain subject
areas relate directly to elements of the mission statement,
most obviously in the area of values and beliefs. More Competencies (21 credits)
generally, the distribution of coursework across five Competencies are skills deemed necessary by the faculty
subject areas requires students to take courses in many to demonstrate a quality college education. The following
disciplines. By experiencing a diversity of subject matter general policies apply to the competencies:
and ways of knowing, students will emerge with a
• Prerequisite courses, if needed, must be
broadly based education that equips them, in conjunction
completed before taking the competency course.
with studies in their major and elective coursework,
However, required courses listed can be waived
not only to pursue successful careers but also to lead
by means of high school advanced placement
meaningful lives.
(AP) coursework and/or placement/competency
testing. Students should consult their Academic
General Education Requirements Advisors for additional information regarding a
The General Education program incorporates a framework
waiver of competency requirements;
that balances specified competencies and five general
subject areas. • A minimum grade of “C–” will be required
to satisfy competencies and competency
In addition to satisfying the competencies, a total of 25
prerequisites; and
credits of General Education courses in five subject
areas is required for the Associate of Arts, Bachelor of • Competency courses may not simultaneously be
Arts, Bachelor of Applied Science, and Bachelor of used to satisfy subject area requirements.
Science degrees. Demonstration of the competencies listed below is
General Education requirements for all Ashford University required for the AA, BA, BAS, and BS degrees. Courses
associate- and bachelor-level programs are outlined in offered by Ashford University to satisfy these competency
this section; however, specific General Education courses requirements are listed in each area.
may be required for some programs and majors. Every
Ashford University General Education course is not Applied Ethics Competency (3 credits)
available in every modality and/or degree program. The Applied Ethics competency involves two major
Please refer to the program requirements section of this components: (1) understanding principles of normative
Catalog for information on specific degree program and non-normative ethical theories and (2) applying these
requirements. principles in decision-making activities including case
studies and contemporary social issues. Moral character
is explored in all its dimensions: virtues and vices,
General Education Total 46 credits commitments and attitudes, personal relationships, and
Competencies 21 credits community involvement, in addition to right and wrong
conduct.
Applied Ethics 3 credits
Learning Outcomes
Communication 9 credits
Students meeting this competency will be able to do the
Computer 3 credits following:
Critical Thinking 3 credits a. formulate the historical perspective on the
Mathematics 3 credits development of the philosophy of morality and
General Subject Areas 25 credits ethics;
b. respond to other’s insights and interpretations of
Aesthetic Awareness 3 credits
issues;
Literature 3 credits
c. examine the development of social and personal
Physical World 4 credits ethics and their application to society;
Social Awareness 9 credits d. analyze connections between schools of thought
Values and Beliefs 6 credits and ethics and morals;
e. evaluate ethical issues with alternative ethical
solutions; and
f. appraise through personal reflection his/her own
response to moral issues.

One applied ethics course, 3 credits, is required. Ashford d. demonstrate competence in verbal and nonverbal
University offers the following courses to satisfy this aspects of delivery;
requirement: e. locate appropriate information for speeches,
• BUS 250 Corporate and Social Responsibility evaluate it for credibility, and present it in an
(AAB only) (3 credits) ethical manner avoiding plagiarism;
• HCA 322 Health Care Ethics and Medical Law f. use various strategies for organizing information
(3 credits) in speeches to achieve his or her purposes; and
• PHI 107/307 Philosophy of Human Conduct g. listen effectively (i.e., recognize the intention
(3 credits) of a speaker, show awareness of a speaker’s
• PHI 445 Personal & Organizational Ethics technique, identify inconsistencies in logic, and
(3 credits) separate fact from opinion).
• REL 203 Contemporary Human Problems Three communication courses, totaling 9 credits, are
(3 credits) required. Ashford University offers the following courses
to satisfy this requirement:
• SOC 331 Social Justice & Ethics (3 credits)
Required courses:
Typically, courses that deal with ethics or morality, usually
with a PHI or REL prefix, may be applied in transfer to • ENG 121 English Composition I (3 credits)
satisfy this competency. • ENG 122 English Composition II (3 credits)
A competency test is available to campus students upon Choose one course from:
request. • COM 200 Interpersonal Communication
(3 credits) OR
Communication Competency (9 credits)
To earn a degree at the University, a student must • SPE 103 Oral Communication (3 credits)
demonstrate writing and speaking competency. Students have the option of using a passing score on a
Learning Outcomes CLEP examination to fulfill the English Composition I or
Composition II requirement. Campus students may fulfill
In writing, students meeting this competency will be able the Composition II requirement by earning a passing score
to do the following: on an Ashford English Department examination. Campus
a. write appropriately for different occasions, students may also satisfy the speech requirement by
audiences, and purposes; earning a passing score on an Ashford University speech
examination or through a portfolio demonstrating a range
b. use the conventions of standard written English
of public speaking experiences.
with skill and assurance;
Please note: Students placed in ENG 100 must earn a
c. locate information from library and non-library
grade of “C” before progressing to ENG 121.
sources for use in research projects;
d. use critical reading skills in evaluating Computer Competency (3 credits)
information gathered from various sources; Computer competency is defined as the level of
e. use information in an ethical manner to produce computer literacy necessary to understand the purpose
research papers with a persuasive or expository of a computer, how computers assist individuals
purpose; and and organizations to work more efficiently, and how
computers influence society. Students will study computer
f. prepare a manuscript using a standard style of concepts, terminology, and the role of system software.
documentation. Students will utilize computer applications software to
In speech, students meeting this competency will be able produce various documents, to construct spreadsheets, and
to do the following: to create visual presentations.
a. speak confidently to achieve various purposes (to Learning Outcomes
inform, to persuade, to present formal speeches); Students meeting this competency will be able to do the
b. adapt his or her message to a specific audience following:
and occasion; a. discuss the future prospects of computer
c. select and use with confidence a variety of audio- hardware;
visual aids to present messages; b. discuss the advantages and limitations of
computers;
c. describe software types and their functions; One critical thinking course, 3 credits, is required. Ashford
d. discuss the ethical implications of computer use; University offers the following courses to satisfy this
requirement:
e. speak knowledgeably about how computers
impact society; • COM 323 Persuasion & Argumentation
(3 credits)
f. use the computer as a tool to improve problem
solving at school, at home, and at work; • PHI 103 Informal Logic (3 credits)
g. use operating software; • PHI 104 Fundamentals of Critical Reasoning
(3 credits)
h. use a computer to perform file management;
i. use of computer to create text documents; Typically, logic courses or courses stressing critical
thinking may be applied in transfer to satisfy the critical
j. use a computer to create spreadsheets; thinking competency. Most applicable courses will have a
k. use a computer to create visual presentations; PHI or LOG prefix.
l. use library and computer resources to do A competency test is available to campus students
research; and upon request.
m. define essential computer concepts.
Mathematics Competency (3 credits)
One computer course, 3 credits, is required. Ashford Mathematics competency permits students to efficiently
University offers the following course to satisfy this process data and to learn new material in fields inside
requirement: and outside of mathematics. Students will develop a
• INF 103 Computer Literacy (3 credits) knowledge base that allows logical reasoning and valid
problem-solving techniques.
Typically, introductory computer courses or courses
stressing the application of computers to a specific Learning Outcomes
industry may be applied in transfer to satisfy the computer Students meeting this competency will be able to do the
competency requirement. Most applicable courses will following:
have a BPC, CIS, INF, or COMP prefix.
a. communication of mathematical concepts;
A competency test is available to campus students b. reasoning skills to analyze situations and draw
on request. valid conclusions;
c. modeling real data and refining the model if
Critical Thinking Competency (3 credits) necessary;
Critical Thinking competency is defined as a set of skills
and strategies for making reasonable decisions about d. using technology to organize, analyze, and test
what we do and believe. These skills and strategies data; and
include understanding the use of thought and language, e. making connections to other disciplines.
recognizing the most common logical fallacies, and using One math course, 3 credits, is required. Ashford
the essential skills of deductive and inductive argument University offers the following courses to satisfy this
analysis and evaluation. Students must demonstrate requirement:
practical applications of critical thinking in academic
disciplines. • MAT 126 Survey of Mathematical Methods
(3 credits)
Learning Outcomes
• MAT 225 College Algebra (3 credits)
Students meeting this competency will be able to do the
following: • MAT 228 Mathematical Modeling (3 credits)
a. formulate and analyze deductive reasoning; A comparable course with a grade of “C-” or better
may be applied in transfer to satisfy the mathematics
b. distinguish logical fallacies from valid competency.
arguments;
All incoming campus students, except those with an A.A.
c. apply critical reasoning concepts in his/her or A.S. degree, or a math course with a grade of “C” or
academic discipline; higher deemed equivalent to the competency requirement,
d. contrast the purposes of language in persuasive will be required to take a placement test approved by
statements; and the Mathematics Department. Those placing beyond the
e. classify and evaluate inductive reasoning. courses listed above will be held to have satisfied the
competency.
General Education • MUS 105 Music Theory I (3 credits)
Subject Areas (25 credits) • MUS 255/355 Music in the United States
A course may be applied only once to meet a General (3 credits)
Education requirement. Whether a course may be applied • MUS 257 The American Musical Theater
simultaneously to a General Education requirement (3 credits)
and to a major requirement depends on the requirements
specified for each major. Courses offered to satisfy • SPE 301 Oral Interpretation (3 credits)
the General Education subject area requirements are Typically, a course in one of the following subject
listed below: areas may be applied in transfer to satisfy the aesthetic
awareness requirement: art, film, photography, dance
Aesthetic Awareness (3 credits) (non-PE activity), and music.
The student will develop an understanding of, and
appreciation for, the value of the arts through individual Literature (3 credits)
expression and through an examination of his/her impact The student will develop life long habits of reading
on society. literature for pleasure, information and personal growth.
Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes
Students meeting this subject area will be able to do the Students meeting this subject area will be able to do the
following: following:
a. understand the role of the arts as both a reflection a. interpret and evaluate works of literature using
of, and an influence on, society; his or her own values and beliefs;
b. demonstrate knowledge of the terminology b. read accurately and with comprehension; make
and skills necessary to understand the artistic logical inferences; and demonstrate analytical
experience; and interpretive skills;
c. incorporate analytical skills and aesthetic c. understand the role of literature as the product of
appreciation in the interpretation and evaluation a culture at a given historical moment;
of works of art; d. explore the realm of the imagination and
d. comprehend/realize/understand the impact of the discover relations among fiction, imagination and
creative process on people’s cultural and ethical experience;
values and principles, thereby gaining insight e. discover the diversity of experience, as well
into both our individual selves and our relations as what is held in common with those of other
with others; and cultures and historical moments;
e. gain an appreciation for the communal and f. use technology to research topics in literature and
communicative value of the arts through create informative presentations;
participation in fine arts classes, music ensembles g. write effective critical essays on works of
and/or theatrical presentations. literature; and
One aesthetic awareness course, 3 credits, is required. h. compose in-depth research papers on literary
Ashford University offers the following courses to satisfy topics using the MLA documentation format.
this requirement: One literature course, 3 credits, is required. Ashford
• ART 101 Art Appreciation (3 credits) University offers the following courses to satisfy this
• ART 102/202/302/402 Study of Art and Culture requirement:
Abroad (3 credits) • ENG 125 Introduction to Literature (3 credits)
• ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design (3 credits) • ENG 201 American Literature to 1865 (3 credits)
• ART 200/ART 300 Art Appreciation II: Modern • ENG 202 American Literature Since 1865
Art (3 credits) (3 credits)
• CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits) • ENG 203 British Literature I (3 credits)
• ENG 225 Introduction to Film (3 credits) • ENG 204 British Literature II (3 credits)
• LIB 327 World Music (INTD) (3 credits) • ENG 212/312 African American Literature
• MUS 101 Masterpieces of Music (3 credits) (3 credits)
• ENG 217/317 International Voices (3 credits) • PHY 202 College Physics II (4 credits)
• ENG 303 Survey of Shakespeare (3 credits) • SCI 201 Physical Geology (4 credits)
• ENG 388 Destination Course: Literary & • SCI 207 Dependence of Man on the Environment
Historical Developments in 19th Century (4 credits)
England (3 credits)
Typically, introductory courses with lab, in the following
• LIB 316 Historical Contexts and Literature areas may be applied in transfer to meet the physical
(3 credits) world requirement: natural sciences including chemistry,
Typically, survey courses in American and British biology, astronomy, and physics.
literature and courses dealing with works of major writers,
applied in transfer, will satisfy the literature requirement. Social Awareness (9 credits)
The student will identify and explain significant
Physical World (4 credits) relationships among peoples, social processes, institutions,
To foster environmental responsibility, the student will and the self.
understand the human species as a dynamic component of Three Social Awareness courses, totaling 9 credits, are
the physical world. required in the following perspectives areas.
Learning Outcomes Historical Perspectives (3 credits)
Students meeting this subject area will be able to do the Learning Outcomes
following: Students meeting this subject area will be able to do the
a. recognize the effect of natural phenomena on following:
living things and the physical world; a. demonstrate the ability to use the past as a
b. demonstrate an awareness of the relationship context for explaining significant aspects of the
between human activity and the ability of the present;
environment to sustain life; b. demonstrate the ability to explain the
c. demonstrate skills and problem solving in a development of selected societies, institutions,
hands-on scientific laboratory experience; and and processes over time; and
d. utilize the scientific method to address issues in c. demonstrate the ability to distinguish between
the physical world. primary and secondary sources and explain the
One physical world course, 4 credits (with lab), is use of each in understanding the past.
required. Students with transfer credits in science may One historical perspectives course, 3 credits, is required.
substitute two physical world courses without lab. Ashford Ashford University offers the following courses to satisfy
University offers the following courses to satisfy this this requirement:
requirement: • HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits)
• BIO 100 Life Science (4 credits) • HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits)
• BIO 103 Principles of General Biology I • HIS 203 American History to 1865 (3 credits)
(4 credits)
• HIS 204 American History Since 1865 (3 credits)
• BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II
(4 credits) • HIS 306 Twentieth-Century Europe (3 credits)
• CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits) • HIS 388 Destination Course: Literary &
Historical Developments in 19th Century
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits) England (3 credits)
• ENV/BIO 101 Humanity and the Environment • LIB 316 Historical Contexts & Literature
(4 credits) (3 credits)
• ENV/CHE 108 Introductory Environmental Typically, a course in World or Western Civilization, or
Chemistry (4 credits) an American history course, may be applied in transfer to
• PHY 103 Weather and Climate (4 credits) satisfy the Historical Perspectives requirement.
• PHY 105 Introduction to Physical Science
(4 credits)
• PHY 201 College Physics I (4 credits)

Multicultural Perspectives (3 credits) Social Perspectives (3 credits)
Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes
Students meeting this subject area will be able to do the Students meeting this subject area will be able to do the
following: following:
a. demonstrate the ability to identify the sources a. explain relationships between the individual and
and forms of cultural diversity; society;
b. demonstrate the ability to explain major forms of b. explain the social implications of institutional
interaction among different cultures; and change; and
c. explain implications of globalization. c. demonstrate the ability to explain the
One multicultural perspectives course, 3 credits, is characteristic concepts of a social science
required. Ashford University offers the following courses methodology.
to satisfy this requirement: One social perspectives course, 3 credits, is required.
• ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Ashford University offers the following courses to satisfy
(3 credits) this requirement:
• BUS 403 International Business (3 credits) • ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic
Issues (3 credits)
• ENG 212/312 African-American Literature
(3 credits) • ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
(3 credits)
• ENG 217/317 International Voices (3 credits)
• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics
• ENG/HIS 388 Destination Course (3 credits) (3 credits)
• HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits) • LIB 125 Contemporary Issues in Organizational
• HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits) Leadership (3 credits)
• HIS 351 Asia in the World of Decolonization and • POL 201 American National Government
Globalization (3 credits) (3 credits)
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives • PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
(INTD) (3 credits) • PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development
• LIB 323 Revolution and Terrorism in the Modern (3 credits)
World (INTD) (3 credits) • PSY 202 Adult Development and Life
• LIB 327 World Music (INTD) (3 credits) Assessment (3 credits)
• LIB 380 History and Culture of Mexico • PSY 304 Lifespan Development (3 credits)
(3 credits) • SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)
• LIB 382 London Studies (3 credits) • SOC 203 Social Problems (3 credits)
• REL 113 Comparative Religions (3 credits) • SOC 308 Racial and Ethnic Groups (3 credits)
• REL 114 Comparative Religions II (3 credits)
Values and Beliefs (6 credits)
• SOC 308 Racial and Ethnic Groups (3 credits) In pursuit of integrity in their lives, professions, and
• SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives (3 credits) communities, Ashford University students will examine
• SPA 103 Beginning Spanish I (3 credits) the role of values and beliefs in the development of
peoples, processes, and institutions.
• SPA 104 Beginning Spanish II (3 credits)
Learning Outcomes
Typically, a course with a cross-cultural, global context,
or a context other than the United States, may be applied Students meeting this subject area will be able to do the
in transfer to satisfy the Multicultural Perspectives following:
requirement. a. demonstrate an understanding of the concepts/
principles that guide ethical behavior;
b. identify his/her personal values and begin to
critically evaluate them;
c. identify the influence of values on personal and
professional decision making;
d. develop an understanding and respect for the Freshman Experience Requirement
values of others, especially peoples different • EXP 103 Freshman Experience (3 credits)
from themselves; (Campus only)
e. demonstrate a basic understanding of the The primary goal of this course is to assist all first-year
principles of philosophical/theological inquiry; campus-based students in their personal adjustment to
and college life. This is accomplished by investigation and
f. demonstrate the ability to think critically and practice of specific academic skills, by inquiry into life
logically about philosophical and ethical issues. skills necessary for citizenship in any diverse community,
and by knowledge of history, traditions, and values at
Two values and beliefs courses, 6 credits, are required. Ashford University.
Ashford offers the following courses to satisfy this
requirement: Note: Faculty Academic Advisors, Registrar’s Advisors,
and Academic Advisors assist students with course
• ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology selection, but it is the student’s responsibility to ensure he
(3 credits) or she fulfills the above requirements.
• LIB 125 Contemporary Issues in Organizational
Leadership (3 credits) Course Delivery Methods
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives Ashford University offers programs using the following
(3 credits) course structures and delivery modalities:
• PHI 100 Human Person and Values (3 credits) On-Campus Traditional Course Delivery
• PHI 101 Introduction to Philosophy (3 credits) Generally, Ashford University courses are offered on-
campus during two traditional 16-week semesters. A
• PHI 107/PHI 307 Philosophy of Human Conduct
limited number of course offerings are also available
(3 credits)
during shorter summer sessions and winter interim
• PHI 200 Mind & Machine (3 credits) sessions between fall and spring semesters. Classes
• PHI 210/PHI 310 Franciscanism: Today and meet on campus throughout the week days for
Yesterday (3 credits) traditional students.
• PHI 445 Personal & Organizational Ethics Starting in Fall 2008, a limited number of upper division
(3 credits) courses will be offered at Sauk Valley Community College
in Dixon, IL. Students enrolled at this location will
• PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
complete three credits in an accelerated 8-week format.
• REL 100 Introduction to Theology (3 credits) Two courses will be offered every 8 weeks, allowing
• REL 101 Person and Faith (3 credits) students to complete a total of 12 credits (4 courses at 3
credits each) embedded within the traditional 16-week
• REL 107 Introduction to Sacred Scripture
semester term.
(3 credits)
• REL 113 Comparative Religions (3 credits) ASPIRE Course Delivery
Undergraduate students meet with a classroom instructor
• REL 114 Comparative Religions II (3 credits)
for a 4-hour period once a week for five consecutive
• REL 130 Quest for Judaic-Christian Values weeks. Ashford’s accelerated course delivery structure
(3 credits) requires 20 classroom contact hours for completion of
• REL 250 Judeo-Christian Thought (3 credits) an undergraduate course carrying three credits. Graduate
students meet with a classroom instructor for a 4-hour
• SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)
period once a week for six consecutive weeks, meeting the
• SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics and Social requirement of 24 classroom contact hours.
Responsibility (3 credits)
Students must spend a significant block of time each week
• SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives (3 credits) acquiring content information on their own, outside of the
• SOC 402 Contemporary Social Problems & the classroom, by using textbook and other resources provided
Workplace (3 credits) before the class session each week. Classroom time is
devoted to knowledge processing and application, rather
Typically, a combination of coursework in philosophy,
than to acquiring content. The instructor uses a facilitative
religion, and/or sociology-based coursework with a values
approach (rather than lecture) in which students interact
and beliefs component may be applied in transfer to fulfill
with one another and with the instructor, which further
the values and beliefs requirement.
contributes to a dynamic, active-learning environment.

Online Course Delivery Ashford University degree program in which the courses
Undergraduate students complete three credits in are offered and any prerequisite coursework required
accelerated online delivery in five weeks. An accelerated for an individual course. Non-degree seeking students
online graduate course lasts six weeks. Specific log-in planning to formally apply for admission to a program
requirements are built into the design of each course should have their intended course selections reviewed
and monitored over the Internet through the Blackboard by their Academic Advisors to determine relevance and
instructional platform. The course structure allows potential applicability to the program.
students to take the initiative to learn content on their Individuals who have previously matriculated at Ashford
own time and provides carefully developed learning University but are not in attendance currently, those who
activities that allow students to optimize their knowledge previously have been denied regular admission, or those
processing/application efforts. Course objectives are who have been dismissed or disqualified from Ashford
clearly stated and measured through multiple measures. University must petition the Vice President of Academic
Affairs on campus or the Provost for online courses, to
Classification of Students register as a non-degree seeking student. Graduates of
Ashford University are generally permitted to register for
Degree-Seeking Students continued coursework as non-degree seeking students.
A degree-seeking student is one who has been accepted
by the University as a degree candidate and is currently The number of non-degree seeking students in any class
enrolled. A student who remains continuously enrolled may be limited. Ashford University reserves the right to
is classified as a less than half-time, half-time, three- limit courses for which a non-degree seeking student may
quarter time, or full-time student according to enrollment register, as well as to assess the suitability of a non-degree
requirements for the degree program. Undergraduate seeking student for any course.
students are further classified according to the number of Note: Non-degree seeking students are not eligible to
undergraduate credits earned. take courses offered in the Associate of Arts in Business
degree program.
Non-Degree Seeking Students
Students who wish to take a limited number of courses Major/Minor Overlap Exceptions
and do not wish to be enrolled in a degree program at A maximum of 50% of required credits in a minor can
Ashford University may enroll as non-degree seeking overlap with courses fulfilling major requirements in order
students (non-degree students or non-matriculated to declare the given major/minor combination, unless
students) by completing an application for admission. otherwise specified by current program.
Students who enroll as non-degree seeking students The following major/minors combinations are approved
are generally expected to have earned the prerequisite exceptions to the 50% rule:
degree(s) required for admission to an Ashford University
degree program through which the courses are offered. Major Minor
Applicants may be required to submit copies of Business Administration Information Systems
transcripts indicating previous degree earned. Students
Business Administration Sports & Recreation
who are enrolled in high school must be recommended
Management
by their high school guidance counselor or equivalent
administrator for non-degree seeking student status. Non- Natural Science Child Learning &
degree seeking students pay the standard tuition rate and Development
are ineligible for financial aid. Registering as a non-degree Public Relations & e-Business
seeking student in no way guarantees or implies admission Marketing
to any degree programs. Public Relations & Marketing
Credit is granted, grades are recorded, and students are Marketing
required to satisfy all academic requirements, including Sociology Social and Criminal Justice
prerequisites, for courses taken. Upon acceptance to Sports & Recreation Business Administration
the program, qualified students may be permitted to Management
apply a specified number of credits to a degree program. Visual Art Computer Graphic Design
Students who wish to apply credits to an undergraduate-
Biology Chemistry
or graduate-level degree program at Ashford University
may apply up to 12 credits, unless otherwise approved Clinical Lab Science Chemistry
by the Dean of the College. Students who enroll as non- Nuclear Medicine Chemistry
degree seeking are generally expected to have earned Technology
the prerequisite degree(s) required for admission to an
Completion of Additional Majors Sequence of Courses
Students who wish to pursue an additional major at the In most cases, students are not permitted to take a course
undergraduate level may do so by successfully fulfilling for credit after they have completed a more advanced
the requirements for that major. Students must complete course in the same subject with a grade of “C-” or higher.
a minimum of twenty-four (24) unique credits that apply Course sequencing requirements may be outlined for each
to the additional major and are not used to satisfy major degree program, major, minor, and/or specialization.
requirements in any other declared majors. Coursework in
the additional major must be completed within the normal Academic Credit
timeframe for the degree. If a baccalaureate degree has Academic credit at Ashford University is granted using
already been awarded from Ashford, coursework must the semester credit hour system.
commence before a period of five (5) years has elapsed
from the date the B.A. or B.S. degree was granted. Grade Point Average
The student’s transcript will reflect completion of the The grade point average is determined by dividing the
additional major upon completion of all the required total number of quality points earned by the total number
coursework. of credits attempted for which quality points are given.
The grades of “Incomplete” and “Passing” do not alter the
Completion of Additional grade point average. If a student repeats a course, only the
Baccalaureate Degrees most recent grade earned affects the grade point average;
A student who has previously earned a baccalaureate the grade point value of the first grade is no longer
degree at an appropriately credentialed university and included in calculating the cumulative average. “W”
wishes to earn an additional baccalaureate degree must grades are counted as credits attempted when calculating
complete an additional 30 upper-division credits at completion-rate requirements for satisfactory academic
the University and fulfill all graduation requirements progress. “WF” grades are counted as credits attempted
applicable to the additional degree. Unless the specific and equal the same grade points as an “F.” No grades
degree requires General Education requirements beyond are awarded for transferred credits, and transfer credit
the traditional General Education core, an appropriately hours are not reflected in the Ashford University grade
accredited Bachelor’s degree will meet all General point average.
Education requirements.
Grading System and Grade Points
Completion of Additional Credits are awarded in semester credit hours.
Master’s Degrees
A student who has previously earned a Master’s degree Note: Plus and Minus grades and/or “D” grades are not
at Ashford University, or an appropriately credentialed applicable to graduate programs.
university, and wishes to earn an additional Master’s Grades/Quality Points:
degree must fulfill all degree and graduation requirements
applicable to the additional degree. Any credits applied A = 4.0 C- = 1.7
to a previously awarded degree cannot be applied to a
A- = 3.7 D+ = 1.3
subsequent degree. If a student has completed coursework
that fulfills content requirements for the second Master’s B+ = 3.3 D = 1.0
degree, the student must complete additional courses to
fulfill total credit requirements for the additional degree. B = 3.0 D- = 0.7
Completion of Concurrent Master’s Degrees B- = 2.7 F = 0

For students who enroll concurrently in more than one
C+ = 2.3 WF = 0
Master’s degree program, courses cannot be used to
fulfill total credit requirements across more than one
C = 2.0
Master’s degree program. Any credits applied to one
Master’s degree cannot be applied to another Master’s
degree. If a student completes coursework that fulfills Other Grading Designations
content requirements for more than one Master’s degree, T = Transfer Credit
the student must complete additional courses to fulfill
total credit requirements for the additional degree. Incomplete Course
I =
Students pursuing this option should discuss financial aid (replaced when final grade is awarded)
implications with their Financial Services Advisor.

not be granted to students hoping to improve
AU = Audited Course (On-Campus Traditional Only) their grades.
Designates Pass/Fail credit earned for courses • The student must send a formal request for
P = specifically designated as Pass/Fail. Credits the incomplete to the instructor. Incompletes
earned count toward the degree requirements, requested in the last week of class will be denied,
although grade points will not be earned. unless a compelling reason is addressed.
• The instructor must approve the plan presented
CR = Credit by Exam by the student for satisfying the requirements
of the course and meet attendance requirements
E = Enrolled in Course for the course. Students in accelerated course
modalities must meet weekly attendance
W = Withdrew from Course requirements through the end of the course.
Withdrawn Fail, issued when a student drops • The student has up to 30 days, based on
instructor discretion, from the last day of the
WF = or is administratively dropped from a course course to finish his or her coursework, unless
after 75% of the total instructional time has
elapsed. Credits are marked as attempted and an extension is otherwise approved by the
grade points are equivalent to an “F” grade. Dean of the appropriate College. If the student
does not complete the work, his or her grade
CE = Competency by Exam automatically defaults to the grade earned as of
the conclusion of the course.
PLA = Prior Learning Assessment Credit • Regardless of a request for an incomplete
grade, students in accelerated course modalities
AP = Advanced Placement Credit are responsible for adhering to all program
attendance policies. Incomplete grades will
** = Repeated Course* not be issued to students who have not met
attendance requirements for the entire course.
NC = No Credit • Students experiencing extreme temporary
*A student may repeat a course previously taken only hardship during the last 25% of a course should
if the initial grade earned was a “C” or lower. Unless request an incomplete grade through their
otherwise designated, credit is earned for a course only instructor prior to the course end date. However,
once. The previous grades for all repeated courses are there may be extreme circumstances that prohibit
retained on the transcript and count as credits attempted. a student from making this request prior to the
Only the most recent grades and points are used in conclusion of a course. In order to appeal for
calculating the grade point average (GPA). Transfer an “I” grade after the end date of a course, the
credit from other institutions is noted on the transcript in student must submit a written grade appeal
semester credit hours. with official documentation of the hardship
experienced to the Vice President of Academic
Repeated Courses Affairs. An incomplete grade or a grade of “W”
A course may be repeated at the University if the initial may be approved and applied for the following
grade in the course was a “C” or lower. The most recent documented reasons that directly impacted
grade earned in the course is used in computing the the student’s ability to complete the course
cumulative grade point average. Limits on the number of requirements or program during the last 25% of
courses or times a course may be repeated may be set at the course:
the degree and/or major level. • Documented military duty that resulted in an
inability to continue in the course or program;
Incomplete Grades • Documented personal or family medical
Incomplete (“I”) grades are issued at the discretion of emergency;
the instructor and based upon compelling circumstances.
The “I” grade appears on the grade reports and/or official • Documented act of nature;
transcripts. To issue a grade of “I” for a course, the • Documented death in the family; or
following conditions must be met:
• Documented temporary severe economic
• The student’s coursework to date in the course hardship.
must be of passing quality; incompletes will
• Students who are dropped from a course for not • Students who do not meet the minimum
meeting attendance requirements are not eligible attendance requirements for the course/program;
to receive an “I” grade. Students who or
are not able to complete at least 75% of the • Students requesting to officially withdraw from
course prior to requesting an incomplete grade the University.
are also ineligible.
Note: Please refer to the Grade Appeals policy outlined in Last Date of Attendance
this Catalog for complete details on Ashford University’s For official or unofficial withdrawals, a student’s last date
Grade Appeals policy. of attendance date is:
• The last documented date of academically related
Course Drop activity by the student (attendance is documented
Students who officially drop from a course or courses on a weekly basis in courses utilizing online
during the add/drop period, which is before the conclusion learning); or
of the first 10% of the total number of instructional weeks • In instances where a last date of academically
of attendance, will have that course removed from their related activity cannot be established, the last
academic transcripts. date of attendance will be the earlier of the date
Drop Deadlines: the student began the withdrawal process by
notifying the institution, in writing or orally, of
16-week course = Week 2 his or her intent to withdraw or the midpoint of
6-week course = Week 1 the payment period or period of enrollment.
5-week course = Week 1
Reinstatement Process After Withdrawal
3-week course = Day 3
(Less Than One Year)
Students who officially drop or are administratively Students who are withdrawn from Ashford University
dropped from a course after 10% and prior to the last 75% may request reinstatement to the same degree/program
of the total instructional weeks of attendance will receive in which they were enrolled at the time of withdrawal.
a “W” in the course. Students seeking reinstatement to a different degree/
program must complete admission materials and
Last Week to Drop with a Grade of W: meet requirements for admission to that degree/
16-week course = Week 12 program. Students seeking reinstatement to Ashford
6-week course = Week 5 University should contact their Academic Advisors for
accelerated programs and the Registrar’s Office for
5-week course = Week 4 traditional programs. Reinstatement is not guaranteed.
3-week course = Day 16 If reinstatement is granted, Ashford University will
Students who officially drop or are administratively determine any conditions under which the student may be
dropped from a course after 10% and prior to the last 75% reinstated and will convey those conditions to the student.
of total instructional weeks of attendance will receive a
grade of “W” in the course. Students who officially drop
Readmission Process After Withdrawal
or are administratively dropped from a course after 75%
(One Year or More)
Students who are withdrawn from Ashford University
of the total instructional time will receive a grade of “WF”
and are seeking readmission to the same or a different
in the course.
degree/program must submit new admission materials.
This process is to ensure that the University has current
Withdrawal from the University demographic information for each student. A second
Ashford University determines that a student is withdrawn
application fee is not required. If the student has continued
when he or she falls into one of the following categories:
his or her education at another school since leaving the
• Students who do not register for and attend the University, official transcript(s) from any other college
current semester, term, or course sequence; attended should be submitted.
• Students who do not return from an approved Students must meet admission requirements and complete
leave of absence; all degree requirements in effect for the program of study
• Students who fail to follow the proper procedures at the time of readmission. Readmission is not guaranteed.
for requesting a leave or who do not receive If reinstatement is granted, the University will determine
approval for their leave; the conditions under which the student may re-enroll and
will convey those conditions to the student.

Requests for Program Change Assistance in Developing
Students who are requesting a program change must Writing Proficiency
submit any additional admission materials required for A number of self-help resources are available on the
the new program of study. Students must meet admission Ashford University website for students preparing to
requirements and complete all degree requirements in meet the writing proficiency standards in degree programs
effect for the program of study at the time of admission offered online. In addition, fee-based tutorial services
to the new program. Admission is not guaranteed. The are available to students who need personal assistance
University will determine the conditions under which the in writing skill improvement. Campus students are
student may enroll and will convey those conditions to provided with support and tutoring through the Flavian
the student. Achievement Center.
Learning Resources Flavian Achievement Center – On-Campus

The Flavian Achievement Center is named for Sister
Library Flavian Launderville, OSF, who taught for many years in
Ashford University students have access to both Clinton’s Catholic schools. Sister Flavian was renowned
traditional and online research resources and services for giving students individual attention in those areas
during Library hours that include 85 weekly hours during of study where they experienced difficulty. The Flavian
regular semesters, extended hours during finals, and Center seeks to further her work.
special holiday, break, and summer schedules. The Center is committed to helping on-campus learners
The University’s PrairieCat consortium online catalog of all ability levels achieve and maintain the academic
provides access to the 8.4 million volumes in the competencies that form the core of a liberal arts education.
University collection in addition to the collections of The General Education requirements in a liberal arts
more than 90 regional libraries. Students may choose to institution cover a wide range of disciplines, and most
receive materials from other libraries, either by regular students can benefit from academic assistance. Students
courier delivery to the Library or by visiting these libraries are invited to come to the Flavian Center for individual
and using a patron ID. Current and back-file collections tutoring, to engage in group study, or to participate in
of more than 600 periodicals and journals are housed in competency-based activities suggested by the academic
the Library in several formats, and full-text articles from departments. These free services are provided by
hundreds of other journals are available by using the professional staff and peer tutors who have demonstrated
online research databases. Computer and audio-visual excellence in the basic competencies as well as in a
materials are also available for use in the classroom. variety of content areas.
Interlibrary loan services are provided free of charge, via In addition to academic assistance, the Flavian Center
the PrairieCat system, for items in the online catalog or has computers that may be used for academic research
on the OCLC national network from libraries throughout and word processing and a number of software programs
the world. relevant to the content areas. Make-up and assessment
testing are also provided by the Flavian Center.
The Library coordinates on-campus and remote access
to online research databases. Instruction in the use of Program Completion and Honors
these databases and other library resources is available on
campus for groups, classes, and individuals and by email. Dean’s List
Center for External Studies:
Curriculum Resource Center (CRC) – Associate and Bachelor degree-seeking students will
be evaluated three times per calendar year for academic
On-Campus
recognition, in December, May, and August. Students
Located on the Library’s main floor, the CRC supports
who meet the following criteria will be recognized for
Ashford University’s education programs by providing
their scholarship through the Academic Dean’s List.
access to more than 7,500 print and non-print instructional
materials. Access to these instructional aids is available • 3.50 Ashford University cumulative grade
to all patrons, but check-out privileges are limited to point average;
currently enrolled Ashford University undergraduate and • Have completed a minimum of 12 credit
graduate students majoring in education. hours in the ASPIRE program or online program;
• In good academic standing at the time of
review; and
• Currently attending or on an approved Leave of
Absence at the time of review.
On-Campus Traditional: Iowa Society of Certified Public Accountants, recognizes
Following the close of each semester, the Registrar’s the top accounting graduate. The Alex Esquivel Promising
Office identifies students who merit academic recognition Teacher Award is given in memory of a graduate of the
for their scholarship. Students enrolled for a minimum Elementary Education program and goes to a teacher
of six credits who earn a grade point average of 3.50 or education graduate who shows exceptional potential as
above are placed on the Dean’s List. an educator. The James Mooney Social Science Award
recognizes the social science graduate with the highest
Graduation/Degree Awards grade point average and is named for the distinguished
The completed Petition to Graduate form, including American anthropologist whose sister, Sr. Agnes Mooney,
required fees, must be submitted as a requirement for was Mother Superior of the Sisters of St. Francis from
graduation from all Ashford University programs. 1879 to 1900 and was one of the founders of Mount St.
Students should petition to graduate when they are Clare Academy. The Joan Walsh Richeson Award honors
within four (4) courses of program completion or the memory of a former faculty member and prominent
before the beginning of their final semester. The date of artist and goes to the Arts and Science major who best
degree conferral recorded on the student’s transcript and personifies the values of a liberal arts education. The
diploma reflects the date the student completes all degree College of Business Scholar’s Award, sponsored by the
requirements. Degree completion is generally recorded College of Business and Professional Studies is given to
on a student’s official transcript within 30 days after the highest-ranking graduate in business as determined by
completion of ALL program requirements. Diplomas are the College.
generally ordered within 30 days after completion of all
program requirements and payment of all related tuition Commencement Ceremony
and fees. The Petition to Graduate is available in the The completed Petition to Graduate form, including
Registrar’s Office or online in the Student Portal at required fees, must be submitted as a requirement for
www.ashford.edu. Diplomas, certificates, and transcripts participation in Ashford University commencement.
will be withheld until all accounts at the University are Commencement ceremonies are held two times a year on
paid in full. the Ashford University campus in Clinton, Iowa. Petitions
received after the deadlines will be forwarded to the next
Graduation Honors and Awards commencement ceremony date. Students must be within
Candidates for a Bachelor’s degree who have completed six (6) credits of meeting all graduation requirements, as
at least 55 credits at the University and candidates for the per the published deadlines below, prior to participating in
Associate degree who have completed at least 32 credits the commencement ceremony.
at the University may be awarded the following honors
at graduation by earning the corresponding grade point Commencement Dates
Application Deadline
average: for 2009/2010
Cum laude 3.30–3.69
December 12, 2009 October 1, 2009
Magna cum laude 3.70–3.89
Summa cum laude 3.90 or above May 8, 2010 March 1, 2010
Candidates for a Bachelor’s degree who have completed
30 credits (but fewer than 55 credits) with letter grades
Note: Dates may be updated periodically and are
at the University and who have a cumulative grade point
available on the Petition to Graduate form in the
average of at least 3.50 may graduate “with Distinction.”
Registrar’s Office or online in the Student Portal at
With Distinction 3.50 or above www.ashford.edu.
Recognition also is given to Scholars Institute graduates
and to students who are members of honor societies:
Junior/Senior Honor Society, Alpha Sigma Lambda, and
Mu Sigma Eta. Also recognized are students who were
selected for “Who’s Who Among Students in American
Colleges and Universities.”
Five awards are given at commencement to graduates
who have distinguished themselves in their major areas of
study. The Accounting Student Award, sponsored by the

Ashford University offers the following baccalaureate
programs at its campus in Clinton, Iowa. These academic
programs are administered by the College of Arts and
Section Seven Sciences, the College of Business and Professional
Studies, and the College of Education (formally known
as the Marilyn Huegerich College of Education). Study of
the liberal arts provides a common learning perspective
across the disciplines, a perspective that is enhanced
by a traditional residential campus environment and a
community where scholarship and human relationships
are valued.
On-Campus Traditional
Undergraduate Programs
Bachelor of Arts
• English and Communication
• Environmental Studies
On-Campus • History
• Natural Science
Traditional • Psychology
Undergraduate • Social Science
Programs
• Sociology
• Visual Art
Bachelor of Science
• Biology
• Clinical Cytotechnology
• Clinical Laboratory Science
• Computer Science and Mathematics
• Health Science
• Health Science Administration
• Natural Science
• Nuclear Medicine Technology

75
On-Campus Traditional Undergraduate Programs
College of Business and Academic Calendar:
Professional Studies On-Campus Traditional
Bachelor of Arts
• Accounting Programs (2009–2010)
• Professional Accounting Program FALL SEMESTER: August 24–December 11, 2009
(154 credits, CPA track) Must be completed prior to
New Student Registration
• Business Administration the first day of class.
• Business Information Systems Convocation Ceremony Sunday, August 23

• Computer Graphic Design Classes Begin Monday, August 24
• Public Relations and Marketing
Labor Day Holiday Monday, September 7
• Sports and Recreation Management
Thursday−Friday,
Thanksgiving Break
Bachelor of Applied Science November 26-27
• Accounting Monday−Thursday,
Final Exams
December 7-10
• Computer
• Computer Graphic Design December Graduation Saturday, December 12
• Management
College of Education WINTERIM: January 4–January 15, 2010

Bachelor of Arts
• Business Education SPRING SEMESTER: January 19–May 6, 2010
• Education (non-licensure) Must be completed prior
Student Registration
to the first day of class.
• Elementary Education (grades K-8)
Classes Begin Tuesday, January 19
• Physical Education
President’s Day Holiday Monday, February 15
Monday−Friday,
Spring Break
March 15-19
Monday−Thursday,
Final Exams
May 3−6
Graduation Saturday, May 8
MAY TERM and SUMMER TERM: 2010
May Term
May 10−May 28, 2010
(3-week session)
Summer Term
June 7−July 16, 2010
(6-week session)
Admission Policies make a decision on the student’s admission. Additional

application requirements may include ACT or SAT
and Procedures scores, recommendation letters, an essay, and/or a
General Admission Process personal interview with the Vice President of Academic
Admissions decisions are made on a continuous basis. Affairs. Students who are admitted under the committee’s
Applicants may apply for fall, spring, or summer recommendation are placed on academic watch to be
admission. Students must contact the Office of Admissions monitored closely by their Faculty Academic Advisors.
for admission materials. Notification of admission status Regular student meetings with the Faculty Academic
is made within ten days following receipt of all necessary Advisor are required during the first academic year.
forms, transcripts, and test scores. Please write or call the Documentation Required:
Office of Admissions (563) 242-4023 or 1-800-242-4153 • Final official high school transcript indicating
with any questions. All applicants for admission should an earned regular high school diploma, GED, or
forward the necessary admissions materials to: documentation that the applicant has completed
Director of Admissions secondary school through home schooling, as
Ashford University defined by state law. An earned IEP or Special
400 N. Bluff Blvd. Education Diploma or Certificate of Completion
P.O. Box 2967 based upon IEP goals does not meet the regular
Clinton, Iowa 52733-2967 high school diploma requirement for admission
to Ashford University;
Traditional Undergraduate • Official ACT scores or SAT scores (required
Program Admission Requirements if applicant does not meet GPA and class rank
Requirements for Full Admission criteria and/or applicant completed high school
(Less than 30 college-level transfer credits) less than three years prior to application date);
Freshman students who seek to attend the University • Official transcripts from any college-level
should meet two of the three following requirements: coursework attempted;
• A grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 or above • Nonrefundable application fee; and
in college preparatory courses or regular high • The ability to study in English proven by one of
school courses (GED equivalency is also the following methods:
accepted) or have completed secondary school
• Submission of high school transcripts
through home schooling, as defined by state law;
indicating that English was the primary mode
• A rank in the upper half of the graduating class; of instruction or that GED was taken in
and/or English; or
• A minimum ACT composite score of 18 or SAT • Submission of copies of official scores for
composite score of 860. the Test of English as a Foreign Language
If an applicant meets only one of the three criteria for (TOEFL) examination taken within the past
admission, then the Admissions Committee reviews two (2) years. (A minimum score of 173
the details of the student’s academic records and computer based, 500 paper based, or 61
determines if additional information is necessary to Internet based is required.)
make a decision on the student’s admission. Additional
application requirements may include recommendation
Requirements for Conditional Admission
Student may be enrolled, but CANNOT attend class.
letters, an essay, and/or a personal interview with the Vice
Students normally apply for admission early in the senior
President of Academic Affairs. Students who are admitted
year of high school and should provide the Admissions
under the committee’s recommendation are placed on
Office with the following documentation:
academic watch to be monitored closely by their Faculty
Academic Advisors. Regular student meetings with the • Completed application for admission;
Faculty Academic Advisor are required during the first • Transcript of high school credits (complete and
academic year. official high school transcript must be submitted
If an applicant graduated from high school three (3) or after graduation);
more years prior to admission and does not meet the GPA • Official ACT or SAT scores (required if applicant
or class rank criteria, then the Admissions Committee does not meet GPA and/or class rank criteria and
reviews the details of the student’s academic records applicant completed high school less than three
and determines if additional information is necessary to years prior to application date);

• Nonrefundable application fee; and credits from an appropriately accredited
• The ability to study in English proven by one of postsecondary institution, as defined by Ashford
the following methods: University transfer credit policies;
• Submission of high school transcripts • Official transcripts from any college-level
indicating that English was the primary mode coursework attempted indicating 30+ transfer
of instruction or that GED was taken in credits earned;
English; or • The ability to study in English proven by one of
• Submission of copies of official scores for the following methods:
the Test of English as a Foreign Language • Graduation from a high school where English
(TOEFL) examination taken within the past was the primary mode of instruction or where
two (2) years. (A minimum score of 173 GED was taken in English;
computer based, 500 paper based, or 61 • Submission of copies of official scores for
Internet based is required.) the Test of English as a Foreign Language
Unofficial documentation must indicate that the student (TOEFL) examination taken within the past
will likely meet two out of three of the following criteria two (2) years. A minimum score of 173
upon graduation from high school: computer based, 500 paper based, or 61
• A grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 or above Internet based is required; or
in college preparatory courses or regular high • Submission of copies of transcripts
school courses (GED equivalency is also designating that a minimum of 30 transferable
accepted); and credits have been taken at regionally or
• A rank in the upper half of the graduating class; nationally accredited colleges/universities in
and the United States.
• A minimum ACT composite score of 18 or SAT Requirements for Provisional Admission
composite score of 860. Provisional admission may only be used beginning two
weeks prior to semester start. Student may attend class
Requirements for Full Admission- for up to one semester in provisional status. International
Transfer Students students are not permitted to enter under this status.
(30+ transferable college credits)
Documentation Required:
Transfer students who seek to attend the University should
meet the following requirement: • Copies of all required documentation outlined for
full admission.
• A cumulative grade point average (GPA) of
2.0 or above in all college-level coursework Students who seek to attend the University must meet
attempted. the requirements for full admission based upon unofficial
documentation.
If a transfer applicant does not meet the GPA criteria,
then the Admissions Committee reviews the details of the Additional Admission Requirements for
student’s academic records and determines if additional Applicants Relying on Academic Credentials
information is necessary to make a decision on the
Earned Outside the United States for Admission
student’s admission. Additional application requirements
In addition to the requirements for full admission outlined
may include ACT or SAT scores, recommendation letters,
in the admission policy for undergraduate students,
an essay, and/or a personal interview with the Vice
applicants must submit an official evaluation from an
President of Academic Affairs. Students who are admitted
approved evaluation service indicating that they have met
under the committee’s recommendation are placed on
one or more of the following requirements:
academic watch to be monitored closely by their Faculty
Academic Advisors. Regular student meetings with the • The equivalent of an Associate’s degree from
Faculty Academic Advisor are required during the first the United States with 60 or more transferable
academic year. credits; and/or
Documentation Required: • A record of having achieved the equivalency of a
United States high school diploma.
• Signed application indicating a high school
diploma or GED equivalency, recognized by the
Department of Education of the state in which it
was earned, OR a minimum of 60 transferable
All academic records from countries other than the United Athletics and Admission
States must have been evaluated by one of the following The University athletic teams, called The Saints,
evaluation services: participate in 13 intercollegiate sports: men’s baseball,
• Educational Credentials Evaluators, Inc. (ECE) basketball, cross-country, golf, soccer, and track and
OR field; and women’s basketball, cross-country, golf, soccer,
softball, track and field, and volleyball. The University is
• World Education Services (WES)
a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate
Note: Students who have already had their Athletics (NAIA) and the Midwest Classic Conference.
international credentials evaluated prior to making NAIA eligibility regulations state that the student wishing
application to Ashford University may petition the to participate in intercollegiate athletics if a first-time
University Registrar for acceptance of evaluations from entering freshman must meet at least two of three entry-
other credible agencies. level requirements:
• Have a score of at least 18 on the ACT or 860 on
Additional Admission Requirements the SAT;
for Nonimmigrant Students
Ashford University is authorized under federal law • Achieve an overall high school grade point of
to enroll nonimmigrant alien students in approved 2.00 on a 4.00 scale; and/or
programs offered in Clinton, Iowa. • Graduate in the top half of the senior class in
Applicants seeking to enroll in valid nonimmigrant status high school.
must meet all admissions requirements stipulated for In addition, to participate in intercollegiate sports, a
all students and must additionally submit each of the student must be enrolled in a minimum of 12 institutional
following items: credits per semester and earn a specified number of credits
• A completed and signed Statement of Financial each academic year. Details regarding athletic eligibility
Support; may be found in the Ashford University Student Athletes’
Handbook.
• Official financial statements. Financial
statements (typically provided by a bank) must
verify sufficient funds to cover the cost of
Technology Requirements
It is our intent to assist students and to prepare them
the educational program as well as all living
adequately for their coursework at Ashford University.
expenses;
Therefore, technology competencies and requirements
• A photocopy of the student’s passport to provide have been established. These requirements are in effect for
proof of birth date and citizenship. Students all Ashford students taking courses on campus and using
outside the United States who have not yet laptops. Students must meet the following competencies:
acquired a passport will need to submit a copy of
• Ability to access course and program material on
their birth certificates;
the Web;
• For all nonimmigrant applicants residing in
• Ability to correspond with University staff,
the United States at the time of application: a
students, and faculty using email and the Web;
photocopy of the visa page contained within
and
the student’s passport as well as a photocopy of
the student’s I/94 arrival departure record (both • Ability to use appropriate anti-virus utilities so
sides); and that transmitted files are virus free.
• For all nonimmigrant applicants residing in the System Requirements: The following minimum system
United States at the time of application in either configuration and software are required:
F, M, or J nonimmigrant classification: written • Platforms: Mac OS X 10.2 or greater or
confirmation of nonimmigrant status at previous Windows 2000, NT, XP, or greater;
school attended before transferring to Ashford
• Hardware: Minimum 512Mb RAM, CD-ROM,
University.
1Gb free disk space, sound card, and speakers;
If an applicant seeking to enroll in valid student
• Productivity Software: Microsoft Word,
nonimmigrant status is transferring from a college or
PowerPoint, Excel, and Adobe Acrobat;
university in the United States, the International Student
Transfer Clearance form is also required. If the applicant • Windows Media Player 7.0 or higher;
is accepted, he or she will be sent additional information • Web Browser: Firefox, Netscape 6 or greater;
regarding the student visa application process. Internet Explorer 5.5 or greater, Safari, or Opera;

• Networking: 56k dialup modem and DSL or is declared. A change of major is accomplished by
cable modem; and submitting a completed Declaration of Major form for
• Email: Outlook, Outlook Express, Mac Mail, the new major, approved by the student’s Faculty
Eudora, Entourage, or Yahoo/Hotmail/Google Academic Advisor.
mail; and Requirements for Minors: Students may minor in a
• Compatible with 802.11b and/or 802.11g second field to complement their major studies at the
wireless networks. University. See Minors section of this Catalog for the
specific course requirements for these minors.
Declaration of Major and
Minor Course of Study Transfer Credits
Declaration of Major: Students who are planning Transfer credits will be evaluated by the Office of the
to pursue a Bachelor’s degree at the University are Registrar in terms of curriculum. Courses similar in
required to complete a Declaration of Major form prior content and level will be accepted as equivalents to
to registration for their first semester of enrollment. The University courses based on the following criteria:
form must be signed by the student’s Faculty Academic • Coursework must be completed at a regionally
Advisor. The student must satisfy the academic eligibility or approved nationally accredited college or
requirements of the involved department(s) at the time the university at the time the student attended.
major is declared. After the Declaration of Major form is
returned to the Registrar’s Office, an official degree plan is • Students transferring credits from international
prepared for the student. institutions will be accepted based on a detailed
evaluation from an approved evaluation service.
To be accepted into the Accounting, Professional
Accounting, Business Administration, or Health Care • Course must be freshman/sophomore level
Administration programs, the following conditions must or higher.
be fulfilled: • Course must not duplicate previously completed
• Completion of a minimum of 60 college credits coursework. Unless special conditions exist,
with a cumulative grade point average of 2.00; upper-division courses will not be considered
• Achieve an overall cumulative grade point equivalent or duplicative of lower-division
average of 2.50 in all major and collateral courses.
courses completed at the time a declaration of • Grade of “C-” or better must have been earned.
major is filed; and • A quarter credit taken in transfer will be equated
• New entering freshmen or transfer students to two-thirds of a semester credit.
without an Associate’s Degree must complete • The Associate of Arts degree from a regionally
MAT 332 by the end of their sophomore year accredited college or university, with a 2.0
(fourth semester). Transfer students with an cumulative grade point average, will be
Associate’s Degree must complete MAT 332 accepted as fulfilling all the General Education
or its equivalent by the end of their second requirements at Ashford University, with the
semester at Ashford University. Part-time exception that all students seeking a Bachelor
students should complete MAT 332 or its of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Science (BS)
equivalent by the conclusion of their fourth degree should have credit for college algebra
semester at Ashford University. or an acceptable substitute. This does not
The above requirements apply to both native students constitute a waiver of any course required to earn
and transfer students. The Office of the Registrar will in a major. In addition, Associate of Science
evaluate transfer credit through an official transcript (AS) degrees accepted as meeting the general
before accepting a transfer student into one of the education requirements for Bachelor of Arts
aforementioned majors. degrees offered through state universities in
To be accepted in Practitioner Preparation or to which the college granting the AS degree resides,
apply for student teaching, students must meet the will be accepted by Ashford as fulfilling all the
requirements outlined in the College of Education General Education and competency requirements
section. in Bachelor’s programs offered at Ashford
University. A maximum of 9 credits with a
Change of Major: Students changing their majors grade of “D” may be transferred to Ashford
must satisfy the academic eligibility requirements of University, for students with either an AA or AS
the involved department(s) at the time the new major degree. An Associate of Science degree with
a 2.0 cumulative GPA will be reviewed on a
case-by-case basis for fulfillment of all General
Academic Policies
Education requirements. Credit Opportunities—
• Credits earned in certificate programs will be Nontraditional Learning
evaluated on an individual basis for the BA and Ashford University provides three methods of awarding
BS degrees. Courses taken that are similar to university-level credits for nontraditional learning:
those taken in an Associate of Arts or Associate through national credit recommendations, through
of Science degree program will be accepted national testing programs, and through the prior learning
in transfer. Exceptions to this policy must be assessment process. Credit maximums are specified by
approved in writing by the Vice President of degree program.
Academic Affairs. National Credit Recommendation Policies
• A maximum of 90 credits may be accepted in The University will award credits for American Council
transfer from a two-year institution. Limitations on Education (ACE) and Program on Noncollegiate
on the number and type of transfer credits Sponsored Instruction (PONSI) transcripts in accordance
accepted are set by each Ashford University with the level, number, and content area indicated by the
degree program. ACE and PONSI national guides. Students must submit an
ACE/PONSI transcript or other authentic documentation
• Ashford University’s 3+1 programs (Clinical of successful course completion, which indicates ACE/
Cytotechnology, Clinical Laboratory Science, PONSI credits earned, to the Office of the Registrar.
Nuclear Medicine Technology, and Health
Science) will accept up to 64 applicable transfer National Testing Programs
credits. Students are required to complete at Advanced Placement (AP)
least 30 hours at Ashford University before Students taking AP courses in high school and receiving
attending the professional training year in their a score of 3 or higher on a College Entrance Examination
area. The professional training will transfer back Board Advanced Placement test may receive college
an additional 30 to 34 hours of credit that will credit. Details of tests recognized and scores required are
apply toward their Ashford degree. available from the Registrar’s Office.
• Due to the rapid advancement of knowledge
in the chemistry and biology fields, the CLEP
acceptance of transfer credits earned more than Ashford University is a participating university in
10 years prior to the student’s admission to the College-Level Examination Program (CLEP).
Ashford University will be evaluated on a case- CLEP provides students of any age the opportunity to
by-case basis. demonstrate college-level achievement through a
program of examinations in undergraduate college
• Additional requirements and limits on courses. The University follows the policies for CLEP
transferability of credits may apply to students testing established by the Educational Testing Service.
who pursue the practitioner preparation program Ashford University will accept all CLEP exams with
in the College of Education. Transfer credits a minimum score of 50 except for Level II Foreign
will be evaluated against the most current Language. Those required scores are French: 62, German:
requirements of the State of Iowa by the 63, and Spanish: 66.
Registrar’s Office with final approval of the Dean
of the College of Education. Ashford University On-Campus College-Level
Applicants and/or students who have questions Examination Program (CLEP) Policy
concerning their transfer credit evaluation should CLEP examinations are administered on campus, by
contact the Registrar’s Office to discuss their concerns. individual request, throughout the year. Registration
Students requesting re-evaluation of specific transfer procedures and test information are available by
credits may be required to submit course descriptions and/ contacting the Flavian Center, Ashford University, 400 N.
or syllabi for the previous courses to be reviewed by the Bluff Boulevard, Clinton, IA; (563) 242-4023, ext. 7767
Registrar’s Office. or (800) 241-9893, ext 7767.
All available CLEP exams are administered on computer.
Each exam is 90 minutes long, except for the English
Composition with Essay, and is made up primarily of
multiple-choice questions; however, some exams do have
fill-in-the-blank questions.

Candidates may not repeat an examination within 180 Tutorial: To help students navigate through the
days (6 months) of the testing date. computerized test, a free downloadable tutorial is
Fees: The total cost is $15 plus the cost of the available on the CLEP Website at www.collegeboard.com/
examination. Test fees must be paid by credit card clep. The free CLEP Sampler contains the same tutorials
(preferred method of payment) or check/money order as the actual exams. The CLEP Official Study Guide for
made payable to Ashford University CLEP. Payment must all tests (not free) and Individual Subject Guides (not free)
be made prior to candidates taking the exam. are also available for download from the Website and
feature test-taking tips and procedures.
Score Reports: If students want their scores sent to a
college, employer, or certifying agency, this option must Test Invalidation (On-Campus): As an official CLEP
be selected through the exam software on the day of the Testing Center, Ashford University reserves the right to
exam. This service is free of charge only if the score invalidate a test session if a candidate uses a prohibited
recipient is selected at the time of the test. One institution item during the test administration or engages in
may be designated for free at the time of the exam. A $20 misconduct.
fee will be charged for each additional institution or for Prohibited Items: Use of the following items in the testing
a transcript ordered at a later date. Scores will be kept on room is strictly prohibited unless an approved exception
file by CLEP for twenty (20) years. has been specified by CLEP:
Students will be able to obtain unofficial test results at the • Food, beverages, or tobacco products;
time of testing, except for the English Composition with • Hats (unless worn as a religious requirement);
Essay exam.
• Hand-held calculators (a calculator function is
Special Accommodations: Students who will need built into the software for those tests that require
special accommodations must contact the CLEP Testing calculator use);
Center two weeks prior to taking the test. Only students
with documented hearing, learning, physical, or visual • Calculator watches, digital watches (wrist or
disabilities are eligible to receive testing accommodations. pocket), or alarm wristwatches;
CLEP Credit: Each institution sets its own policy • Wristwatch cameras or digital cameras;
regarding CLEP exams for which it will grant credit and • Dictionaries, books, pamphlets, or reference
how many credits it will award. materials;
For Students Planning to Attend Ashford University: At • Papers of any kind (except for authorized scratch
the time of the exam, students should designate Ashford paper provided in the testing room);
University as a score recipient. The college code number • Slide rules, protractors, compasses, or rulers;
is #6418.
• Highlighter pens and/or colored pens and
Students with previous CLEP results should request an pencils;
official transcript be sent to the Registrar’s Office at
Ashford University. • Cellular phones/pagers, beepers, “walkie talkie,”
or PDAs;
For Students Planning to Attend College Elsewhere:
Check directly with the college or university you plan to • Wireless communication devices of any kind
attend to find out which exams are accepted, what scores (e.g., BlackBerry);
are required, and how much credit will be granted. • Listening devices, radios with headphones, or
Duplication and Regression: It is the student’s recorders;
responsibility to make sure that CLEP tests do not • Copying or photographic devices;
duplicate previous credit earned. A student may not • Transmission or receiving devices;
earn credit by examination in an area in which he or she
previously has completed an equivalent course, a course • Mechanical pencils or any type of pen;
of similar level, or one that is more advanced in content • Nonmedical electronic devices (e.g., laptop
level. Some CLEP tests may be duplications of other computers or digital assistants);
national testing programs, such as Advanced Placement
• Candidate-provided keyboards; and
(AP) tests. If you are an Ashford University currently
enrolled student, you should check with your advisor • Any other unauthorized testing aids.
to determine if specific CLEP tests will fit into your
academic plan and not duplicate previous credit awarded.
Misconduct: Candidates involved in any misconduct time student is dropping to part-time status, the student
will be asked to terminate their exams and to leave the must also have the permission of the Vice President of
testing room. Exam scores will be cancelled. Examples of Academic Affairs, the Dean of Students, the Athletic
misconduct are as follows: Director (if a student athlete), and the Residence Life
• Giving or receiving assistance of any kind; Director (if a resident student). Students receiving
financial aid who drop courses should contact the
• Using any of the prohibited aids listed; Director of Financial Aid to determine how the change in
• Taking or attempting to take an exam for registration affects their financial aid status. The form used
someone else; to add or drop a course can be obtained in the Registrar’s
• Failing to follow test regulations or the test Office. The change is not official until the form is received
administrator’s instructions; by the Registrar’s Office. The date the form is returned to
the Registrar’s Office becomes the official date of change.
• Removing or attempting to remove test questions
and/or responses (in any format) from the testing Last Day to Add a Class
room; A course may not be added after the first nine days of
• Tampering with the operation of the computer or classes without the approval of the Vice President of
attempting to use it for any function other than Academic Affairs, the Faculty Academic Advisor, and the
for taking the exam; instructor of the course to be added.
• Leaving the testing room without permission; Course Drop
and To officially drop from a class or classes without
• Causing a disturbance of any kind. withdrawing permanently from the program, a student
must complete and submit a written request to the
Prior Learning Assessment Registrar’s Office. (Forms are available in the Registrar’s
The Ashford University Prior Learning Assessment Office.) The date this form is received by the Registrar’s
Program allows students pursuing a baccalaureate degree Office will be the official date of determination and single
the opportunity to earn credit for college-level learning course drop date of the course for grading purposes.
that occurs outside a traditional classroom setting. Official Program Withdrawal
Students may earn credit in two ways: An on-campus student wishing to officially withdraw
• Through faculty evaluation of sponsored from Ashford University must notify the Registrar’s
professional training; and Office. Students notifying Ashford University for
• Through faculty evaluation of experiential official withdrawal will be asked to complete a written
learning via the experiential essay process. withdrawal form.
The student must resolve any financial obligations to
Registration Ashford University before receiving an official transcript
Registration for classes each semester is conducted on from the Registrar’s Office.
dates announced by the Registrar’s Office. Currently
enrolled students should contact their Faculty Academic Class Load
Advisors for assistance during each registration period. A full-time class load is 12−18 credits. Additional tuition
The Registrar’s Office assists new students with their is charged beyond the 18th credit. A student who plans to
assignments to a Faculty Academic Advisor for the register for more than 18 credits must have the permission
initial registration. Registration for classes and changes of the Vice President of Academic Affairs. A student
to the schedule should be made through the Registrar’s on academic probation is usually limited to 12 credits.
Office prior to or on the official registration day for each Exceptions must be approved by the Vice President of
semester, as indicated in the Catalog. An additional late Academic Affairs.
fee may be charged for registrations completed after the
official registration day. The University reserves the
right to cancel any course due to low enrollment or for
Degree-Seeking Student Classifications
Class Level:
other reasons.
Changes in Registration: Each student should carefully Freshman: 0-29 credits earned
plan an educational program of study with the assistance Sophomore: 30-59 credits earned
of a Faculty Academic Advisor. If a change in registration
Junior: 60-89 credits earned
is desired, permission of the Faculty Academic Advisor
and the instructor(s) involved must be obtained. If a full- Senior: 90 or more credits earned

Enrollment Status: • Take a regularly scheduled Scholars Institute
course;
Less than half-time: 1-5 credits
• Take one of their regular courses with an
Half-time: 6-8 credits
“honors option,” which would be worked out
Three-quarter time: 9-11 credits between the student and the professor; or
Full-time: 12 or more credits • Complete a “special topics” research-oriented
project where the student and professor
Auditing Courses work collaboratively on the parameters and
Students may register to audit lecture classes on a space- requirements for the project.
available basis. Students who are auditing a course The following scale indicates minimum standards for each
are expected to attend class regularly. They are not grade level:
responsible for written assignments or examinations. A
# of upper- # of public
student who wishes to change from audit to credit seeking Grade Level # of credits
level credits presentations*
must notify the Registrar’s Office by the end of the first
two weeks of classes. Freshman 18 9 3
Sophomore 12 6 2
Scholars Institute Juniors/
The Scholars Institute is the University’s honors program, 9 6 2
Transfers
which offers an enhanced undergraduate experience
• *Participate in an end-of-semester forum of
for able and highly motivated students in any of the
Scholars Institute students where papers, projects
University’s On-Campus Traditional Program majors.
or other demonstrations are presented in a public
At the heart of the curricular experience is a series of
setting and open to the entire campus community.
limited-enrollment, interdisciplinary honors courses
(This is in addition to students presenting their
taught by selected faculty. In addition, Scholars Institute
work in the context of a regular class with honors
members have opportunities to work closely with senior
component requirements.) Presentations should
University faculty in joint research projects, to participate
be a minimum of ten minutes in length.
in distinctive co- and extracurricular activities, and to have
access to enhanced internships and capstone courses. • Maintain a portfolio of scholarly work completed
for each honors course (examples would include
Requirements for Admission and Membership papers, research projects, presentations, etc.).
For admission into the Scholars Institute, students must
complete the following requirements: Testing Services
• Fill out an application for admittance and submit Placement exams in math and English are administered
it to the Director of the Scholars Institute; to all incoming freshman prior to the start of their first
semester. These exams are designed to assist in the
• Submit a sample of his or her formal writing,
academic placement of students in these subject areas.
either from a previous class or newly written;
and
Veterans
• Possess a cumulative G.P.A. of 3.50 or higher Students who are eligible for educational benefits from
(For incoming freshmen, high school G.P.A. is the Veterans Administration should notify the Financial
considered.). Aid Director of their intention to enroll. Assistance in the
To maintain membership in the Scholars Institute, students certification procedure will be provided. Veteran students
must meet the following requirements: are required by the Veterans Administration to maintain
• Maintain a cumulative G.P.A. of 3.50 or higher satisfactory progress in their educational program. These
and a minimum of 3.50 in honors-designated regulations are available from the Financial Aid Director
courses. and are followed by the University, or students can visit
the following website: http://vabenefits.vba.va.gov/
• Complete a minimum number of credits of vonapp/main.asp.
Scholars Institute or honors-designated courses,
a percentage of which must be at the 300- or Grade Reports
400-level. It is also strongly recommended that At mid-semester, the University will make a reasonable
at least half of the courses be the designated attempt to notify any student who is performing at the
Scholars Institute courses offered each semester. level of a “D” or “F” grade in a course. Grade reports
Students have three options for fulfilling are accessible to all students at the end of each semester.
membership requirements:
Only final semester grades are recorded on the official Leave of Absence Policy
transcript. Campus/Semester-Based Programs
Although Ashford University encourages continuous
Academic Advisement enrollment from the time of matriculation through
The University has supportive faculty and staff members graduation for all students, from time to time
who work with each student to help ensure the student’s circumstances may arise that warrant a short break
success at Ashford University. A Faculty Academic in enrollment. Students who need to request a break
Advisor is appointed for each degree-seeking student. The in enrollment may request an official Leave of
Faculty Academic Advisor assists in the development of Absence (LOA).
a class schedule that is tailored to meet the interests and
• A LOA may be considered an approved leave
educational goals of the student. If a student decides to
if the request is made after the second week of
change majors, the Registrar’s Office should be notified
the beginning of the semester and before the
immediately. Students may request a change of Faculty
conclusion of the 12th week of the semester.
Academic Advisor by application to the Registrar’s Office.
• A financial aid student considering a Leave of
Semester-Based Course Attendance Policy Absence should contact the Financial Aid Office
The attendance policy at Ashford University is based to discuss the impact on financial aid eligibility.
on the commitment of the faculty and administration to At the point a student withdraws from all classes
helping students develop the work habits and skills that or falls below at least half-time enrollment status,
are essential for achieving academic success. student loan grace/repayment periods begin.
Students are required to attend the classes and labs for • The start date of the Leave of Absence is based
courses in which they are enrolled. They are expected to on the last date of class attendance.
arrive on time for each class and to remain for the entire • Students are allowed one Leave of Absence per
class unless prior arrangements have been made with academic year.
the instructor. If a student is excused from class due to
• The scheduled return date must be no later than
a University-sponsored activity, that student is expected
the start of the next semester, which cannot
to arrange with the instructor for all class work and
exceed the 180 days.
assignments to be made up before the event. Students
on academic probation must receive prior approval for • Students who are requesting a leave of absence
missing class for a University sponsored event from the must complete a Leave of Absence Request
course instructor and the Vice President of Academic form. Failure to return to school on or before
Affairs. If a student must miss a class due to an emergency scheduled/approved re-entry date will result in
over which he or she has no control, the student must the student’s withdrawal from the program.
contact the instructor to determine what preparation is • Leave of Absence Requests must be SIGNED
needed before returning to the next class. AND SUBMITTED ON OR BEFORE the last
Faculty members are required to report absences from day of class attendance. Requests submitted after
their classes, on a weekly basis, to the Registrar’s the last day of attendance require an explanation.
office. Federal regulations require that the University Requests submitted greater than 15 days after last
establish a last date of attendance for any student who date of attendance will not be approved.
ceases attending the University and return financial aid • Students who do not return from an approved
funds according to federal guidelines and University Leave of Absence will be withdrawn from the
policy. Students who do not attend any classes for two University as of the last date of documented
consecutive weeks will be administratively withdrawn attendance.
from the program by the Registrar’s Office. The student’s
grades for the semester will be determined according Final Examinations
to the Course Drop policy guidelines outlined in the The academic year is divided into two semesters of
Academic Information and Policies–General section of approximately sixteen weeks each, beginning in late
this Catalog. August and in mid-January of each year. The last week of
Faculty members will include a clearly stated policy on each semester is reserved for final exams. Some form of
each course syllabus to further explain how absences will final evaluation (exam, project, report, etc.) is required in
affect a student’s grade in that course. every course and should be given at the time designated
by the Registrar’s Office on the final exam schedule.
Exceptions to this policy must receive the written
approval of the Vice President of Academic Affairs at least

two weeks prior to the scheduled exam week. A student’s Cumulative GPA includes all undergraduate-level
absence from a final examination without a serious reason coursework attempted at Ashford University, excluding
and permission of the instructor may be recorded as a grades of Pass, I, or W. Only the latter grade is counted
failure in the course. Deciding the nature of final exams as when a course is repeated. No grades are recorded or
well as the frequency of other exams during the course is counted toward GPA for transfer credits or prior learning
the responsibility of the individual instructor. credits. A successful completion rate equals 67% or 2/3 of
all attempted credits. Attempted undergraduate credits are
On-Campus Traditional Satisfactory all course attempts recorded on the academic transcript;
Academic Progress (SAP) Requirements repeated courses are not excluded. Grades that count
We are dedicated to the academic success of our students. negatively against successful completion rates include
In this vein, the following policy outlines the academic I, W, WF, and F. Successful completion of all program
requirements for Ashford University on-campus traditional requirements must be accomplished within 150% of the
programs and how they will be measured to ensure that normal length of the program.
students are making satisfactory academic progress toward
successful degree completion. Probationary periods Satisfactory Academic
provide an opportunity for students to improve academic Progress Review and Evaluation
performance and meet overall requirements for degree Reviews will take place at the end of each semester
completion. Students on probation should meet with their (including summer) in traditional semester-based
Faculty Academic Advisors to discuss course scheduling programs. Undergraduate students will be evaluated
and planning for remediation. Please contact the Ashford against the GPA and 67% requirement for satisfactory
University Registrar with any questions concerning the academic progress at the conclusion of every 12 attempted
requirements outlined in this policy. credits at Ashford University.
Undergraduate Semester-Based Probation, Appeal, and Dismissal

Program Measures Students who do not meet the minimum requirements
• Week = 7 calendar days for making satisfactory academic progress at the time
• Academic Year = 32 weeks of instructional time of evaluation are placed on academic probation for the
• Semester/Term = 16 weeks of instructional time following term. Students will be given up to 12 credits
of attempted coursework to meet the requirements for
• Full-Time Enrollment = 12 credits or more per satisfactory academic progress. All coursework attempted
semester/term after the term during which the student did not meet
On-campus traditional undergraduate students must meet satisfactory academic progress will be counted as a part
the minimum criteria of a cumulative GPA in Ashford of the first-term probationary period. Students who are
University coursework of 2.00 to make satisfactory otherwise eligible to receive Title IV financial aid will be
academic progress. eligible to receive Title IV financial aid while on first-term
academic probation.
The following majors require a 2.50 GPA standard:
Students on probation who do not meet the requirements
• Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education;
for satisfactory academic progress at the conclusion of 12
• Bachelor of Arts in English and Communication attempted credits may be dismissed from the University.
with Secondary Education Track; However, students who have shown marked improvement
• Bachelor of Arts in Natural Science; and/or who have experienced extreme temporary hardship
during this probationary period but have not met the
• Bachelor of Arts in Social Science with
requirements for satisfactory academic progress may
Secondary Education Track;
appeal to the Associate University Registrar/Campus
• Bachelor of Science in Clinical Cytotechnology; Services to take up to 12 additional credits of coursework
• Bachelor of Science in Clinical Laboratory for second-term probation.
Science; Students granted an appeal for a second-term probation
• Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and may be required to retake coursework previously
Mathematics with Secondary Education Track; completed to increase the likelihood of successfully
meeting satisfactory academic progress and/or graduation
• Bachelor of Science in Natural Science with
requirements. These requirements may affect the
Secondary Education Track; and
student’s eligibility for financial aid funds.
• Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Medicine
Technology.
In rare circumstances, students who have been dismissed Academic Standards for Student Athletes
from the University for failure to meet satisfactory Eligibility to participate in intercollegiate athletics is
academic progress requirements may be re-admitted after governed by the standards adopted by the National
one or more years have elapsed since their last date of Association for Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and
attendance. Students must appeal to the Registrar for re- supplemented by the University Athletic Handbook.
admission and must present compelling evidence that they
have the ability to succeed in an academic program due Graduation Requirements for
to changed circumstances, experience, and/or successful BA and BS Degrees
completion of college-level credits during the period of To be eligible for the Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of
absence. Students who are approved by the Registrar Science degrees, a student must successfully accomplish
and appropriate Dean, Vice President of Academic the following:
Affairs, or Provost for re-admission after dismissal will
be on academic probation, and will be required to meet • Completion of the General Education
specific academic requirements outlined in writing from requirements, including competencies;
the Registrar to return to good standing. Failure to meet • Completion of a minimum of 120 credits that are
specific requirements will result in dismissal without the 100-level or higher;
opportunity for re-admission.
• Completion of all major course requirements;
• The appeal must be made prior to the student’s
• Completion of all collateral course requirements
enrollment in any classes that begin after the
(where applicable);
first-term probationary period.
• Minimum cumulative grade point of 2.00
• The written appeal must include a reasonable
in all coursework attempted and in major,
explanation for the student’s academic
minor, and collateral coursework attempted at
performance to date, which may include
the University. Students with more than one
mitigating circumstances such as student injury/
major must average 2.00 in each major (A
illness, death of a student’s family member, or
cumulative grade point of 2.50 is required for
other reasons resulting in undue hardship to
the business education, clinical cytotechnology,
the student, and a plan for completion of the
and elementary education majors and all majors
coursework required for removal from probation
seeking secondary education endorsements.);
during the following term.
• A minimum of 30 credits in upper-division
• Appeals will be evaluated by a committee made
courses numbered 300-level or above. At least
up of the University Registrar or an Associate
21 of these credits should be credit for major or
Registrar and an Academic Administrator
collateral courses;
who has oversight in the student’s program of
study. The decision of the Committee will be • No more than 45 credits in a single department
communicated in writing to the student by the (Neither limit is applicable to students majoring
Registrar’s Office. Students who are otherwise in Clinical Laboratory Science); and
eligible to receive Title IV financial aid will be • Completion of 30 credits from the University.
eligible to receive Title IV financial aid while on
second-term academic probation. Note: Faculty Academic Advisors assist students with
course selection, but it is the student’s responsibility to
• Students who do not meet the requirements for
ensure that he or she fulfills the above requirements.
satisfactory academic progress at the conclusion
of 24 credits in probationary status will be
dismissed from the University. Dismissed Graduation Requirements
students are not eligible to receive Title IV for BAS Degrees
financial aid. To be eligible for a Bachelor of Applied Science degree, a
student must successfully accomplish the following:
• If at any point during the program it becomes
clear that the student will not be able to • An Associate of Applied Science or similar
successfully complete all program requirements degree from an institution accredited by a
at the conclusion of 150% of the normal length recognized agency or association; and
of a program (measured in credits), he or she will • Completion of the University’s baccalaureate
be dismissed from the University. General Education requirements, including
competencies, with the following modifications:

• Aesthetic Awareness: Any 3 credit art or of Academic Affairs and the College Deans have
music course may be taken to satisfy the authority to waive or to provide substitute coursework
requirement (as may ENG 225 or SPE 301). for program requirements.
• Literature: Any literature course may be taken
to satisfy the literature requirement.
• Social Awareness: Any history course may
College of Arts and Sciences:
be used to satisfy the historical perspectives Bachelor of Arts Degree
requirement. Programs and Requirements
• Values and Beliefs: PHI 402 may be taken to
satisfy the philosophy requirement.
Bachelor of Arts in
• Completion of a minimum of 120 credits that are English and Communication
100-level or higher. (The University will accept The English and Communication program is designed to
up to 64 transfer credits earned as part of an AAS provide a framework for developing an understanding of
degree.); the complex and changing nature of human interaction.
• Completion of core requirements in accounting, Exploring literary works provides insights on social,
computer, computer graphic design, health and philosophic, and moral aspects of human interaction;
human services management, or management engaging in communication through writing, speaking,
(see BAS section for specific requirements). and technological media presents resources for building
The degree will be noted on the transcript as meaningful and productive human relationships. This
a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in the combination of intellectual inquiry and communication
chosen core; practice, therefore, provides students with fundamental
• A minimum grade point average of 2.00 in all ideas and skills for developing effective human interaction
work at the University and a minimum 2.00 in the workplace and in all aspects of life.
grade point average in core, track, specialization,
and minor courses, if applicable; Program Outcomes
Students in the English and Communication
• Completion of at least 30 credits of upper-
program will be able to:
division credit (300-level or higher); and
• Communicate effectively in written, oral, and
• Completion of 30 credits from the University.
non-verbal modalities;
Decisions on the applicability of courses taken as part • Utilize appropriate communication skills in a
of an AAS degree to General Education requirements variety of contexts;
(including competencies) will be made by the Vice • Interpret various literary genres and works in
President of Academic Affairs and the Associate their cultural contexts;
University Registrar, in consultation with relevant faculty.
• Demonstrate knowledge of rhetorical,
Note: Although Faculty Academic Advisors and journalistic, and mass media communication
Registrar’s Advisors assist students in course selection, techniques;
it is the student’s responsibility to ensure that he or she • Demonstrate adaptability in technological
fulfills all graduation requirements. communication;
• Conduct effective independent research; and
Changes in Degree Requirements
Students have the option of satisfying degree requirements • Integrate significant literary ideas and themes
under any Catalog in use during their period of continuous into the development of a personal worldview.
attendance. Students are required to notify the Registrar’s
Office of any decision to follow degree requirements Requirements for the Major
under a Catalog other than the one in place at the time of Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
initial enrollment. General Education Requirements: 46 credits
Major requirements for graduation are those in effect Common Core Requirements: 12 credits
at the time the student declares a major. Changes in
requirements after this time may apply, provided they Literature/Comm. Track: 24-25 credits
do not require a student to prolong the time required to Electives: 37-38 credits
complete the degree requirements. The Vice President
Students majoring in English and Communication will • CGD/JRN 303 Publication Design (3 credits)
successfully complete the Common Core and one of the • CGD/JRN 318 Public Relations Practices and
following three tracks. Professional Writing (3 credits)
Common Core Requirements (12 credits) • CGD/JRN 340 Print Production (3 credits)
6 credits (2 courses) in 200-level literature surveys: • JRN 210 Introduction to Reporting (3 credits)
• ENG 201 American Literature to 1865 (3 credits) • JRN 211 News Reporting Lab (3 credits)
• ENG 202 American Literature After 1865 (up to an additional 3 credits beyond the above
(3 credits) requirement)
• ENG 203 British Literature I (3 credits) • ENG 315 Business and Professional Writing
• ENG 204 British Literature II (3 credits) (3 credits)
• ENG 212 African-American Literature (3 credits) • ENG /JRN 328 Scientific and Technical Writing
(3 credits)
• ENG 217 International Voices (3 credits)
• JRN 310 Editorial and Feature Writing (3 credits)
Note: Students in the Secondary Education Concentration
will take either ENG 201 or ENG 202, and either ENG • ENG 318 Creative Writing (3 credits)
203 or ENG 204. • ENG/JRN 490 Communications Internship
One Course in composition: (3 credits)
• ENG 223 Intermediate Composition (3 credits) • INF 240 Visual and Verbal Presentations
(3 credits)
One Course in linguistics:
One Course of portfolio:
• ENG 321 Introductory Linguistics (3 credits)
• ENG/JRN 480 Communications Portfolio
Literature Track (25 credits) (3 credits)
6 courses (18 credits) in literature courses:
English/Language Arts Track/Endorsement 5-12
• Must be numbered 300-level or higher. (22 credits)
ENG 318 Creative Writing (3 credits) may be This endorsement is for students intending to teach
substituted for 3 credits (one course). in middle or high school. In addition to meeting the
One Course in research: requirements enumerated below, students in this
• ENG 380 Literary Research (3 credits) endorsement must also satisfy requirements for admission
to the College of Education’s Practitioner Preparation
Two courses (4 credits) in thesis: Program and successfully complete all other requirements
• ENG 498 Senior Thesis I (2 credits) for licensure.
• ENG 499 Senior Thesis II (2 credits) One Course in 200-level literature:
• EDU 203 Child and Adolescent Literature
Communications Track (24 credits)
(3 credits)
One Course in journalism:
One Course in secondary reading:
• JRN 211* News Reporting Lab (3 credits)
• ERE 240 Secondary Reading (3 credits)
*JRN 210 and JRN 310 are both prerequisites to JRN 211.
One Course in research:
One Course in speech
• ENG 380 Literary Research (3 credits)
• SPE 301 Oral Interpretation (3 credits) OR
SPE 315 Business and Professional Speaking Three Courses (9 credits) in literature:
(3 credits) • Any literature course 300-level or higher
15 credits from the following pool of courses: One Course in speech:
• ART 225 Photography I (3 credits) • SPE 301 Oral Interpretation (3 credits)
• CGD/JRN 217 Survey of Graphic One Course in English teaching:
Communications (3 credits)
• ENG 330 Teaching Literary Genres and
• CGD/JRN 240 Media Writing and Editing Techniques (1 credit)
(3 credits) (taken concurrently with EDU 342)
• CGD/JRN 253 Web Publishing (3 credits)

Additional Education Requirements (47 credits): in order to deal with the complexities of environmental,
• EDU 200 Introduction to Education and Field cultural, and social issues that are local, national, and
Experience I (1 credit) global in scale.
• EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits)
Program Outcomes
• EDU 250 Foundations of American Education Students in the Environmental Studies program will be
(2 credits) able to:
• EDU 270 Principles of Education and Field • Demonstrate specific knowledge of material,
Experience II (2 credits) information, and techniques in the natural
• EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the sciences relating to a career in the environmental
Classroom (2 credits) fields;
• EDU 330 General Methods of Secondary • Demonstrate specific knowledge of material and
Education (3 credits) information in the humanities and social sciences
• EDU 331 Practicum: Secondary Education relating to a career in the environmental fields;
(1 credit) • Demonstrate critical reading, thinking, and
• EDU 342 English/Language Arts Specific communication skill using language specific to
Methods (3 credits) the environmental fields;
• EDU 343 Practicum Secondary English/ • Demonstrate the ability to utilize appropriate
Language Arts (1 credit) current technologies that allow their work and
knowledge in the field to meet or exceed course
• EDU 370 Human Relations Skills for Educators expectations; and
(1 credit)
• Demonstrate critical thinking, reading, and
• EDU 460 Student Teaching in the Secondary integration skills in the analysis of complex
School (8 credits) AND 461 Student Teaching in situations in order to develop descriptions,
the Secondary School (7 credits) OR EDU 462 interpretations, and solutions regarding issues in
Student Teaching in the Secondary School the environmental fields.
(15 credits)
• EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit) Requirements for the Major
• ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Education Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
Content Areas (3 credits) General Education Requirements: 46 credits
• PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development Major Course Requirements: 40 credits
(3 credits) Minor (student’s choice): 18-27 credits
• PSY/ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students Required Electives: 11 credits
(3 credits)
Electives: 0-5 credits
• ESE 325 Behavior Management in the
Classroom (3 credits)
Students majoring in Environmental Studies will complete
the following requirements:
Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Studies
The B.A. in Environmental Studies prepares students Major Course Requirements (40 credits)
as professionals and citizens of the world for work in • ENV 101 Humanity and the Environment
environmental careers. Environmental Studies is an (4 credits)
interdisciplinary program that instills in students an • ENV 300 Environmental Biology (3 credits)
ability to better understand the relationships between
• ENV 301 Environmental Studies Seminar
humans and environments and humanity’s impact on
(3 credits) (cross-listed with BIO 301)
different environments. Students work individually
and collaboratively to acquire the knowledge, skills, • ENV 306 Environmental Chemistry
attitudes, and motivation to seek out solutions to global (4 credits)
environmental issues. Through interdisciplinary study • ENV 310 Environmental Policies (3 credits)
in science, the social sciences, and the humanities,
• ENV 345 Business and the Environment
Environmental Studies encourages students to embrace
(3 credits)
the interconnections in knowledge and the environment
• ENV 498 Senior Thesis I (2 credits) Electives (0-5 credits to meet minimum 120
• ENV 499 Senior Thesis II (2 credits) degree credit requirement)
• *Each of these courses will be allowed to count
• ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology*
as both a required course and as a General
(3 credits)
Education requirement (ANT 101 = Multicultural
• PHY 103 Weather and Climate* (4 credits) OR Perspective, PHY 103/105 = Physical World,
PHY 105 Introduction to Physical Science* POL 201 = Social Perspective, PHI 310 = Values
(4 credits) and Beliefs).
• POL 201 American National Government*
(3 credits) (prerequisite for ENV 310)
Bachelor of Arts in
• ENG 328 Scientific and Technical Writing Health Care Administration
(3 credits) The Bachelor in Health Care Administration is designed
• LIB 315 The Environment and the Human Spirit to meet the learning needs of health care professionals
(INTD) (3 credits) and others in the acquisition of foundational knowledge
in health-related topics, operations, and applications.
Minor Requirement (18 credits minimum) The Health Care Administration degree is characterized
• Students must complete a minor of their choice; by an interdisciplinary and integrated learning approach,
all minors are applicable except Environmental reflecting the realities of the health care system. Specific
Studies. curriculum in health administration, regulation and
financing, health care planning, health policy, and quality
Required Electives (11 credits) monitoring is provided.
Additional courses from the following:
Courses included in the minor requirement do not meet Program Outcomes
these requirements. Students in the Health Care Administration program will
• BIO 103 Principles of General Biology I be able to:
(4 credits)
• Examine the requirements of continued learning
• BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II for health care professionals;
(4 credits)
• Evaluate the contributions of volunteerism within
• BIO 201 Microbiology (4 credits) the context of the health care delivery system;
• BIO 210/310 Field Techniques Laboratory • Explore the ramifications of cultural and social-
(4 credits) demographic variables as they impact the
• CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits) delivery of health care;
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits) • Demonstrate the integration of multi-disciplinary
knowledge into the multiple perspectives of the
• ENV 420 Environmental Internship (variable
U.S. health care system;
credits)
• Analyze the major financing systems of U.S.
• LIB 313 Moral Controversies in Technology
health care services;
(INTD) (3 credits)
• Discuss the provision of health care services
• LIB 318 Peacemaking: A Study of Conflict
across the life span;
Resolution (INTD) (3 credits)
• Communicate the major forces driving change in
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives
the U.S. health care system; and
(INTD) (3 credits)
• Analyze health care delivery’s outcome research.
• LIB 332 Science and Culture (INTD) (3 credits)
• An introductory statistics course (3 credits) Requirements For the Major
• PHI 310 Franciscanism Yesterday and Today* Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
(3 credits) General Education Requirements: 46 credits
• PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits) Major Requirements: 37 credits
• SOC 203 Social Problems (3 credits) Electives: 37 credits
Note: Special topics courses may be included with the
permission of the Program Director.

Major Course Requirements (37 credits): Requirements for the Major
• ACC 281 Accounting Concepts for Health Care Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
Professionals (3 credits) General Education Requirements: 46 credits
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management Major Requirements: 42-43 credits
(3 credits)
Electives: 12 credits
• HCA 305 The U.S. Health Care System
(3 credits)
Major Course Requirements
• HCA 311 Health Care Financing and Information Four Survey courses (12 credits):
Systems (3 credits)
• HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits)
• HCA 322 Health Care Ethics and Medical Law
• HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• HIS 203 American History to 1865 (3 credits)
• HCA 340 Managing Health and Human Services
(3 credits) • HIS 204 American History Since 1865 (3 credits)
• HCA 375 Continuous Quality Monitoring and One Methodology Course (3 credits) from the following:
Accreditation (3 credits) • HIS 378 Historiography & Historical
• HCA 415 Community and Public Health Methodologies (3 credits)
(3 credits) • LIB 307 Social Science Seminar (3 credits)
• HCA 430 Special Populations (3 credits) Eight Upper-level Content Courses (24 credits) from the
• HCA 421 Health Care Planning and Evaluation following:
(3 credits) • Choose eight courses from available courses.
• HCA 459 Senior Project (4 credits) OR LIB 325 The Civil War in American Culture
HCA 402 Health Care Internship (3-6 credits) (3 credits) may be counted. At least two courses
must be in American history and at least two
• SOC 313 Social Implications of Medical Issues
courses in non-American history.
(3 credits)
Capstone (3-4 credits):
Bachelor of Arts in History • HIS 497 History Capstone (3 credits); OR
In a world transformed by the powerful tides of
globalization, history provides an intellectual toolkit for • LIB 498 Senior Thesis/Project I (2 credits) and
dealing with complex national and international realities. LIB 499 Senior Thesis/Project II (2 credits); OR
Every aspect of the present is rooted in aspects of the past • Students will designate a research paper written
Immersion in place-based knowledge and understanding in an upper-level content course to demonstrate
how unintended consequences shape our lives help mastery of major learning outcomes. Those
students to understand an increasingly complex world. choosing the last option will take an additional
Program Outcomes content area course.
• Identify appropriate historical sources and
utilize them in the creation of written and/or oral Bachelor of Arts in Natural Science
narratives and analyses; The B.A. in Natural Science prepares students to become
licensed teachers in secondary schools in the state of
• Interpret events, institutions, and human Iowa. The program provides a broad base in the sciences,
communities in their historical contexts; with further specialization to allow for endorsements in
• Explain historical phenomena in terms biology, chemistry, or general science.
of causation, agency, significance, and
consequence; Program Outcomes
• Demonstrate an understanding of the
• Distinguish between history and other ways of
fundamental content and processes in biology,
thinking about the past;
chemistry, and general science;
• Practice historical scholarship in an ethical
• Analyze science problems and interpret data
manner;
using the scientific method;
• Utilize chronology appropriately; and
• Incorporate science processes using an
• Relate historical phenomena to their interdisciplinary approach in biology, chemistry,
geographical contexts. and general science;
• Relate science to the daily lives and interest of • EDU 460 Student Teaching in the Secondary
students through science instruction; School and EDU 461 Student Teaching in the
• Demonstrate ability to organize, implement, and Secondary School (15 credits)
assess science programs; • EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit)
• Demonstrate ability to effectively plan and teach • ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Education
science in both the lecture and lab components; Content Areas (3 credits)
and • PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development
• Use technology to help solve problems and (3 credits)
communicate information. • PSY/ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
(3 credits)
Requirements for the Major
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits • ESE 325 Behavioral Management in the
General Education Requirements: 46 credits
Major Requirements: 62 credits Endorsements Requirements
beyond Core Requirements
Electives: 12 credits Multiple endorsements are possible by meeting each
Endorsement Requirements: credits depend on individual endorsement or a combination is possible after
endorsement selection completing one endorsement and an additional 15 hours
(see following) in another endorsement area.
Biology Endorsement
Major Course Requirements (62 credits)
Core courses (15 credits) Required courses:
• BIO 104 Principles of Biology II (4 credits)
• BIO 103 Principles of Biology I (4 credits)
Choose at least 1 course of the following:
• CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits)
• BIO 205 Human Anatomy & Physiology I
• PHY 201 College Physics I (4 credits) (4 credits)
• BIO 301 Science Seminar (3 credits) • BIO 340 Cell Biology (4 credits)
Education Requirements (47 credits) • BIO 342 Genetics and Immunology (4 credits)
• EDU 200 Introduction to Education (Elementary Choose at least 1 course of the following:
& Secondary) & Field Experience I (1 credit)
• BIO 101 Humanity and the Environment
• EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits) (4 credits)
• EDU 250 Foundations of American Education • BIO 210 Field Techniques Laboratory (4 credits)
(2 credits)
Choose any of the following to total 24 credits
• EDU 270 Principles of Education (Preschool, of biology:
Elementary, & Secondary) & Field Experience II
(2 credits) • BIO 201 Microbiology (4 credits)
• BIO 204 Biology: Special Problems: Mu Sigma
• EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the Eta (1 credit)
• BIO 206 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
• EDU 330 General Methods of Secondary (4 credits)
Education (3 credits)
• BIO 225 Medical Biology for Health Care
• EDU 331 Practicum in Secondary General (3 credits)
Methods Literature (1 credit)
• BIO 300 Environmental Biology (3 credits)
• EDU 346 Business Education Methods
(3 credits) • BIO 310 Field Experience for Biology (4 credits)
• EDU 347 Business Education Methods Chemistry Endorsement

(1 credit) Required courses
• EDU 370 Human Relations Skills for Educators • CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits)
(1 credit) • CHE 203 Demonstrations for Teachers (3 credits)
• CHE 301 Organic Chemistry I (5 credits)

Elective courses (Choose any of the following to total 24 Requirements for the Major
hours in chemistry): Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
• CHE 302 Organic Chemistry II (5 credits) General Education Requirements: 46 credits
• CHE 306 Environmental Chemistry (4 credits) Major Requirements: 36-37 credits
• CHE 313 Nuclear Chemistry (3 credits) Electives: 37-38 credits
• CHE 315 Quantitative Chemistry (4 credits)
Major Course Requirements (36-37 credits)
General Science Endorsement: • PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
This endorsement can be earned with 8 additional hours in
• PSY 104 Child/Adolescent Development
biology, chemistry, or physics after completing the major
(3 credits)
core requirements. Students in this degree program must
also satisfy requirements for admission to the College of • PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
Education’s Practitioner Preparation Program, acceptance • PSY 304 Lifespan Development (3 credits)
into student teaching, and successfully complete all OR PSY 202 Adult Development and Life
other requirements for Iowa licensure. See College of Assessment (3 credits)
Education Student Handbooks. Additional requirements
from the Iowa Department of Education may be added at • PSY 330 Theories of Personality (3 credits)
any time. • PSY 331 Psychology of Learning (3 credits)
• PSY 350 Physiological Psychology (3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in Psychology • PSY 496 Applied Project (3 credits) OR
The Psychology major guides students as they study
PSY 497 Psychology Capstone (3 credits) OR
human behavior and mental processes. This major
PSY 498 Senior Thesis I (2 credits) AND
explores psychology both as an area of scientific
PSY 499 Senior Thesis II (2 credits)
investigation and as a health or human services profession.
A psychology major is also particularly valuable for Research and Statistics Requirement (6 credits)
students who desire to continue their education through • PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social
graduate study in psychology. Students are encouraged Sciences (3 credits)
to consult the admissions requirements of prospective
• PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits)
graduate schools when planning their undergraduate
programs. Requirements may vary somewhat among • MAT 332 Applied Statistics OR an introductory
different schools and programs. Students majoring in statistics course
psychology may also seek employment opportunities in Choose two upper level psychology courses (6 credits)
business, law, government, health care, and other careers
that involve understanding human behavior and providing • PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology
competent leadership. (3 credits)
• PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits)
Program Outcomes • PSY 305 Sports Psychology (3 credits)
Students in the Psychology program will be able to:
• PSY 309 Special Topics (3 credits)
• Analyze human behavior and mental processes;
• PSY 311 Counseling Psychology: Methods of
• Analyze theories of continuing education in Applied Psychology (3 credits)
psychology and related fields;
• PSY 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
• Evaluate theories of personality development; (3 credits)
• Evaluate psychology research methods; • PSY 317 Cognitive Functioning in the Late
• Demonstrate communication behaviors Adulthood (3 credits)
consistent with the study and practice of • PSY 335 Tests & Measurements (3 credits)
psychology; and
• PSY 340 Research and Presentation (3 credits)
• Acquire and use skills and concepts that are
fundamental to the ethical application of
psychology.
Bachelor of Arts in Five Upper-Level Major Courses (15 credits)
Social and Criminal Justice • CRJ 305 Crime Prevention (3 credits)
The Social and Criminal Justice major is a unique • CRJ 306 Criminal Law and Procedure
interdisciplinary program that offers an emphasis in (3 credits)
criminal justice through which a perspective for building
a more just society is considered. • CRJ 308 Psychology of Criminal Behavior
(3 credits)
Program Outcomes • CRJ 311 Forensics (3 credits)
Students in the Social and Criminal Justice program will • CRJ 320 Families & Domestic Violence
be able to: (3 credits)
• Examine law enforcement issues; • HIS/POL 303 The American Constitution
• Apply knowledge to socio-economic (cultural) (3 credits)
diversity to criminal justice; • LIB 323 Revolution and Terrorism in the Modern
• Investigate the operation of the criminal justice World (3 credits)
system; • PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
• Examine the relationship of social justice to the • PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits)
criminal justice system; and
• SOC 203 Social Problems (3 credits)
• Apply information from sociology law,
psychology, ethics, and related fields to the study • SOC 305 Crime and Society (3 credits)
of criminal justice. • SOC 308 Racial and Ethnic Groups (3 credits)
Requirements for the Major Social and Criminal Justice majors must earn a minimum
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits of 30 upper division credits in the major. Credits applied
General Education Requirements: 46 credits to General Education requirements may be applied to
major requirements, but a course may be applied only
Major Requirements: 36 credits once to a major requirement.
(30 upper division)
Please note: CRJ 201 is a prerequisite for CRJ 301, 303,
Electives: 38 credits and 305.
Three Courses in Social Justice (9 credits) from the

following: Bachelor of Arts in Social Science
• PHI 107/PHI 307 Philosophy of Human Conduct The Social Science major offers students an opportunity
(3 credits) to focus their studies primarily in psychology, sociology,
history, and related social science fields. Optional tracks
• PHI 210/PHI 310 Franciscanism Yesterday and are available in health and human services management,
Today (3 credits) history, human services, psychology, and sociology.
• SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics and Social
Responsibility (3 credits) Program Outcomes
• SOC 305 Crime and Society (3 credits) Students in the Social Science program will be able to:
• SOC 330 Social Justice and Society (3 credits) • Evaluate fundamental social science concepts;
• SOC 331 Social Justice and Ethics (3 credits) • Examine the implications of social and cultural
diversity in social interactions;
Four Courses in Criminal Justice (12 credits) • Acquire and use a foundation of research skills
• CRJ 201 Introduction to Criminal Justice from the social sciences, including history,
(3 credits) psychology, and sociology;
• CRJ 301 Juvenile Justice (3 credits) • Examine the relationship of service to social
science; and
• CRJ 303 Corrections (3 credits)
• Integrate knowledge from the social sciences,
• CRJ 420 Criminal Justice Practicum (3 credits) including history, psychology, and sociology.
OR CRJ 422 CRJ Capstone (3 credits)

Requirements for the Major One of the following four courses:
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits (Students planning to pursue a graduate degree are advised
to complete more than one course in this requirement.)
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits)
Major Requirements: 48 credits
• PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social
Sciences (3 credits)
Major Course Requirements (48 credits): • PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits)
9 credits in history, including 6 or more credits at the • PSY 335 Tests & Measurements (3 credits)
300-level or higher
The Social Science major also requires the completion of
9-12 credits in psychology, including 6 or more at the a minimum of 36 credits at the 300-level or higher.
300-level or higher
Secondary education students pursuing endorsements
9 credits in sociology, including 6 or more at the 300-level in American History, World History, Psychology, and
or higher. Sociology will also meet the major requirements for the
(HCA 305 The U.S. Health Care System may be applied Social Science degree. Endorsement courses may also be
to this requirement.) used to meet major and General Education requirements.
6 credits in multidisciplinary social science, selected Political Science Option: Students desiring more depth
from the following courses: in political science may apply up to six hours of upper-
• HCA 305 The U.S. Health Care System level POL courses in areas of the major that require more
(3 credits) than one course (i.e. the History, Psychology, Sociology,
Multidisciplinary, and Cross-Cultural requirements),
• LIB 309 Interdisciplinary Topics in the Liberal
provided that no more than three hours are applied
Arts (INTD) (3 credits)
to any one area. This option may not be applied to
• LIB 318 Peacemaking: A Study of Conflict course-specific requirements in the tracks offered within
Resolution (INTD) (3 credits) the degree. This option is designed to help facilitate
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives secondary education students seeking the American
(INTD) (3 credits) Government endorsement.
• LIB 332 Science and Culture (INTD) (3 credits) Note: A single course may apply to only one of the
requirement areas in the major. Some courses may also
• LIB 323 Revolution and Terrorism in the Modern apply to General Education requirements.
World (INTD) (3 credits)
• LIB 325 The Civil War in American Culture Health and Human Services
(INTD) (3 credits) Management Track (57 credits)
The Health and Human Services Management track
3-6 credits in cross-cultural perspectives, selected from
provides an interdisciplinary course of study for students
the following courses:
in the social science major. This track provides the
• ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology educational credentials to seek employment opportunities
(3 credits) in management roles entailing the direct supervision of
• HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits) other human service professionals. Students selecting this
track are required to complete specific courses including a
• HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits) business course component. Students pursuing the health
• LIB 316 Literature in Historical Context and human services management track may pattern their
(3 credits) coursework to complete the requirements for Nursing
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives Home Administration licensure in the state of Iowa.
(INTD) (3 credits)
History (9 credits):
• SOC 308 Racial and Ethnic Groups (3 credits)
• Same requirements as listed under Social Science
• SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives (3 credits) major.
3 credits in political science
Psychology (9 credits):
The following seminar course:
• PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
• LIB 307 Social Science Seminar (3 credits)
• PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits) OR
PSY 317 Cognition in Late Adulthood (3 credits)
• PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits) OR Accounting (6 credits):
PSY 311 Counseling Psychology (3 credits) OR • ACC 281 Accounting Concepts for Health
PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral and Social Professionals (3 credits)
• HCA 311 Health Care Financing & Information
Sociology (9 credits, including 6 or more at Systems (3 credits)
the 300-level or higher):
Philosophy (3 credits):
• SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)
• HCA 322 Health Care Ethics & Medical Law
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management (3 credits)
(3 credits) (course fulfills requirement in place of
one 300-level sociology course.) Internship/Project (3-6 credits)
• SOC 313 Social Implications of Medical Issues • HCA 402 Health Care Internship (3-6 credits)
(3 credits) (Must have a GPA in the major of 2.75) OR
HCA 459 Senior Project (3 credits)
Multidisciplinary Social Science Courses (6 credits):
History Track (21 credits)
• SOC 320 Public Policy & Social Services The History track provides Social Science majors an
(3 credits) opportunity for greater emphasis on history in their major
• LIB 318 Peacemaking: The Study of Conflict studies and allows them to document a history-based
Resolution (INTD) (3 credits) OR program at the undergraduate level.
PSY/SOC 309 Special Topic in Human Services History concentrators must meet the general requirements
(3 credits) for the Social Science major, as well as the following:
Cross-Cultural Perspectives Courses (6 credits): • Either HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits)
• SOC 308 Racial and Ethnic Groups (3 credits) OR HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits)
OR • Either HIS 203 American History to 1865
SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives (3 credits) (3 credits) OR HIS 204 American History Since
And one of the following courses: 1865 (3 credits)
• ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology • LIB 325 The Civil War in American Culture
(3 credits) (INTD) (3 credits)
• HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits) • 4 upper-level HIS courses (12 credits)
• HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits) Courses in the track may also apply, where appropriate, to
General Education and major requirements.
(INTD) (3 credits) Human Services Track (57 credits)
The optional track in Human Services gives an applied
Political Science (3 credits): emphasis to the major. Students selecting the human
• POL 201 American National Government services track are required to complete specific courses
(3 credits) within most of the nine requirement pools in the Social
Science major.
Economics (3 credits):
History (9 credits):
• Same requirements as listed under Social Science
(3 credits)
major.
Methods Course (3 credits): Psychology (9 credits):
• HCA 375 Continuous Quality Monitoring • PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
Accreditation (3 credits) OR
• PSY 304 Lifespan Development (3 credits)
HCA 421 Health Care Planning & Evaluation
(or equivalent)
(3 credits)
• PSY 311 Counseling Psychology: Methods of
Seminar requirements (3 credits) will be satisfied by Applied Psychology (3 credits)
• HCA/SOC 340 Managing in Health and Human
Sociology (9 credits):
Service: An Interdisciplinary Approach
(3 credits) • SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)

• SOC 312 Child, Family, and Society (3 credits) Psychology Track (18 credits)
• SOC 320 Public Policy and Social Services The Psychology track requires the courses listed below in
(3 credits) addition to the other courses required for a Bachelor
of Arts in Social Science. Courses listed will be applied
Elective Social Science Courses (15 credits): to the psychology course requirement of the Social
• PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits) Science major.
• PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits) Required Courses:
• SOC 330 Social Justice and Society (3 credits) • PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
• SOC 340 Managing Health and Human Services • PSY 304 Lifespan Development (3 credits)
(3 credits) • PSY 497 Psychology Capstone (3 credits)
(3 credits) Three courses selected from the following:
• LIB 318 Peacemaking (3 credits) • PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
• SOC 308 Racial and Ethnic Groups (3 credits) • PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology
(3 credits)
• SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives (3 credits)
• PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits)
• PSY 317 Cognition in Late Adulthood (3 credits)
• PSY 305 Sports Psychology (3 credits)
• SOC 304 Social Gerontology (3 credits)
• PSY 311 Counseling Psychology (3 credits)
• CRJ 301 Juvenile Justice (3 credits)
• PSY 317 Cognition in Late Adulthood (3 credits)
• SOC 305 Crime and Society (3 credits)
• PSY 335 Tests and Measurements (3 credits)
Political Science (3 credits):
• POL 201 American National Government
(3 credits) Sociology Track (21 credits)
The Sociology track provides Social Science majors an
Economics (3 credits):
opportunity for greater emphasis on sociology as part
At least 3 credits in economics or courses specifically
of their major studies and allows them to document a
related to the economics of providing human services,
sociology-based program at the undergraduate level.
selected from the following courses:
Sociology track students must meet the general
• ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic requirements for the Social Science major, as well as
Issues (3 credits) the following:
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics • SOC 101 Intro to Sociology (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics (INTD) (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• 5 upper-level SOC courses (15 credits)
Courses in the track may also apply, where appropriate, to
(3 credits)
General Education and major requirements.
Methods Course (3 credits):
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) Bachelor of Arts in Sociology
The B.A. in Sociology focuses on the study of human
• PSY 325 Statistics for Behavioral and Social
beings in their social settings. Sociology majors study
topics such as social structures, various forms of social
• PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits) interactions, racial and ethnic groups, and the making and
• PSY 335 Tests and Measurements (3 credits) implementation of social policy. Graduates of the program
are prepared for entry-level social science-linked and
Seminar and Practicum (6 credits): social service positions.
• LIB 307 Social Science Seminar (3 credits) Program Outcomes
• PSY/SOC 421 Human Service Practicum Students in the Sociology program will be able to:
(3 credits)
• Demonstrate a knowledge of basic sociological Bachelor of Arts in Visual Art
concepts; The Bachelor of Arts in Visual Art program prepares
• Apply major sociological theoretical creative students with design skills to seek employment
perspectives; in the art market through e-commerce, web page design,
or computer graphics. The Bachelor of Arts Degree in
• Explain the methodologies of collecting and
Visual Art may also be combined with a minor in Business
assessing data that the discipline of sociology
Administration, Marketing, or Computer Science for
offers;
students who plan to seek employment in the global
• Assess the quality of sociological research by marketplace.
applying the standards of the discipline;
• Analyze critically major sociological issues; Program Outcomes
• Demonstrate an appreciation for cultural and Students in the Visual Art program will be able to:
social diversity. • Demonstrate a blend of technical knowledge and
principles with various art media;
Program Requirements • Apply aesthetic principles and theories in the
Total number of credits required: 120 credits creation of works of art;
General Education Requirements: 46 credits • Apply knowledge of styles and characteristics
Major Course Requirements: 36 credits of eras of art history in the creation of individual
works of art;
• Synthesize the technical, aesthetic, and historical
Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-
aspects of visual arts in the creation and analysis
division credits. In this program, some courses may
of works of art; and
simultaneously be applied to major and General Education
requirements. • Demonstrate appropriate language in expressing
creative ideas in written and verbal forms.
Lower-Level Major Requirement (6 credits): Requirements for the Major
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
• SOC 101 Intro to Sociology (3 credits)
Research and Statistics Requirement (6 credits): Collateral Requirements: 34 credits
• PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social Electives: 9 credits
• PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits) Major Course Requirements (31 credits):
Required Two-Dimensional Studio Art Courses
Upper-Level Major Requirement (24 credits from the (18 credits):
courses listed below): • ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design (3 credits)
• SOC 304 Social Gerontology (3 credits) • ART 105 Drawing I (3 credits)
• SOC 305 Crime & Society (3 credits) • ART 207 Painting I (3 credits)
• SOC 308 Racial & Ethnic Groups (3 credits) • ART 215 Computer Art I (3 credits)
• SOC 312 Child, Family, & Society (3 credits) • ART 220 Printmaking I (3 credits)
• SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives (3 credits) • ART 225 Photography I (3 credits)
• SOC 320 Public Policy & Social Services
(3 credits) Required Three-Dimensional Studio Art Courses
(3 credits):
• SOC 330 Social Justice and Society (3 credits)
• ART 204 Three-Dimensional Design (3 credits)
• SOC 331 Social Justice & Ethics (3 credits)
OR
• SOC 490 Social Science Capstone (3 credits) ART 211 Ceramics I (3 credits)

Required Art History Courses (6 credits): • CGD 221 2-D Computer Animation (3 credits)
• ART 101 Art Appreciation (3 credits) • CGD 331 Digital Video and Audio (3 credits)
• ART 200/300 Art Appreciation II: Modern Art • CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits)
(3 credits) • CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits)
Senior Thesis/Project (4 credits): • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
• ART 498 Senior Thesis/Project I (2 credits) • CGD 330 Digital Still Imaging (3 credits)
• ART 499 Senior Thesis/Project II (2 credits) • CGD 340 Print Production (3 credits)
• CGD 353 Dynamic Publishing (3 credits)
Collateral Requirements: Liberal Arts Courses
Beyond General Education (34 credits) Other program requirements for Visual Art majors:
Visual Art and Liberal Arts Requirements (11 credits): • Earn an overall grade point average of 2.00
or higher in art courses taken to complete the
• ART 205 Drawing II (3 credits)
program;
• ART 307 Painting II (3 credits)
• Complete a minimum of 30 credits of 300- to
• ART 350 Advanced Art Seminar (2 credits) 400-level courses;
• LIB 304 Fine Arts Seminar (3 credits) • Earn a minimum grade of “C-” for ART 498 and
ART 499; and
Interdisciplinary Course Requirements (6 credits):
• Mount an exhibition of their artwork in the
• LIB 309 Interdisciplinary Topics in the Liberal Cortona Art Gallery as part of the Senior Thesis/
Arts (INTD) (3 credits) Project requirement.
• LIB 311 The Human Quest for Personal
Freedom: Art, Music, and Literature of the
Romantic Era (INTD) (3 credits) College of Arts and Sciences:
• LIB 315 The Environment and the Human Spirit Bachelor of Science Degree
(INTD) (3 credits) Programs and Requirements
• LIB 318 Peacemaking: A Study of Conflict
Resolution (INTD) (3 credits) Bachelor of Science in Biology
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives The Bachelor of Science degree in Biology offers students
(INTD) (3 credits) the opportunity to focus on the study of life forms
and processes. Ashford University biology majors are
• LIB 325 The Civil War in American Culture exposed to different areas of biology and gain experience
(INTD) (3 credits) in both laboratory and field research. A Biology major
• LIB 327 World Music (INTD) (3 credits) is particularly valuable for students preparing for
postgraduate study in medicine, physical therapy, and
• LIB 330 The Renaissance (INTD) (3 credits)
other health-related fields. Students are encouraged
Elective Studio Courses (16 credits, 9 of which must be to consult the admissions requirements of prospective
300-level courses): graduate schools when planning their undergraduate
program. Requirements may vary somewhat among
• ART 204 Three-Dimensional Design/Sculpture
different schools and programs.
(3 credits)
• ART 309 Special Topics (1-3 credits) Program Outcomes
Students in the Biology program will be able to:
• ART 311 Ceramics II (3 credits)
• Demonstrate proper experimental and scientific
• ART 315 Computer Art II (3 credits)
methodologies including laboratory and safety
• ART 320 Printmaking II (3 credits) skills;
• ART 325 Photography II (3 credits) • Demonstrate critical reading, thinking, and
• CGD 217 Survey of Graphic Communications communication skills, using language specific to
(3 credits) the sciences;
• CGD 220 Storytelling & Storyboarding
(3 credits)

• Demonstrate a breadth of understanding in numbered 200-level or above, of which one
the biological sciences for a career in the life course must be numbered 300-level or above.
sciences;
• Demonstrate critical thinking and reading
skills in the analysis of data using appropriate
Bachelor of Science in
technology to their field; and
Clinical Cytotechnology
Cytotechnology is the microscopic study of cells
• Demonstrate the ability to integrate contained in body tissues. The clinical cytotechnologist
interdisciplinary knowledge into a personalized must differentiate malignant cells from normal ones
emerging body of scientific knowledge. in the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. To make
these critical decisions in the medical laboratory, the
Requirements for the Major cytotechnologist must have a strong academic background
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits in natural science along with intensive laboratory training
General Education Requirements: 46 credits in cytology.
Major Requirements: 58 credits The Clinical Cytotechnology program at the University
is a 3 + 1 program offered in cooperation with the
Biology Electives: 11 credits Cytotechnology Program, Mayo Foundation, Mayo
Unrestricted Electives: 5 credits School of Health Sciences in Rochester, Minnesota.
In their first three years of study at the University, students
Major Course Requirements (58 credits) complete a program of study in biology and chemistry in
• BIO 103** Principles of General Biology I addition to fulfilling General Education requirements for
(4 credits) the baccalaureate degree. Students complete their senior
• BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II year at the Cytotechnology Program, Mayo Foundation,
(4 credits) Mayo School of Health Sciences in Rochester, Minnesota
• BIO 201 Microbiology (4 credits) (contingent upon their admission to this school). The
fourth year is devoted to laboratory studies in the different
• BIO 301 Science Seminar (3 credits) fields of cytology.
• BIO 340 Cell Biology (4 credits) Students must gain admission to the Cytotechnology
• BIO 498* Senior Thesis/Project I (2 credits) Program, Mayo Foundation, Mayo School of Health
Sciences in Rochester, Minnesota before this phase of
• BIO 499* Senior Thesis/Project II (2 credits)
the program can be completed. A minimum cumulative
• CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits) GPA of 2.50 at Ashford University and strong academic
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits) performance in the courses following are required for
admission.
Students who have met the degree requirements of the
• CHE 302 Organic Chemistry II (5 credits)
University and the professional training requirements
• ENG 328 Scientific and Technical Writing of an affiliate institution receive the baccalaureate
(3 credits) degree from the University and a professional certificate
• An introductory statistics course (3 credits) from the affiliate. Students who then pass the national
examination administered by the American Society of
• MAT 227 Pre-calculus (3 credits)
Clinical Pathology are eligible to achieve full professional
• MAT 351 Calculus I with Analytic Geometry certification in Clinical Cytotechnology.
(4 credits)
• PHY 201 College Physics I (4 credits) OR Program Outcomes
Students in the Clinical Cyotechnology program will be
• PHY 202 College Physics II (4 credits)
able to:
*Students must earn a grade of “C–” to fulfill degree
• Demonstrate proper experimental and scientific
requirements.
**BIO 103 may also be applied to General Education skills;
requirements.
• Demonstrate critical reading, thinking, and
communication skill using language specific to
Biology Electives (11 credits minimum) their personal goals and specific to their degree
• Choose three additional biology courses
program;

• Demonstrate specific knowledge of material and in the courses above are required for admission to an
information appropriate for professionals within affiliate program.
their chosen degree;
Residency at Affiliated Program
• Demonstrate critical thinking and reading Major course requirements at an affiliated program
skills in the analysis of data using appropriate involve successfully completing 30-32 credits in
technology to their chosen degree; and residence.
• Demonstrate the ability to integrate
interdisciplinary knowledge into a personalized Bachelor of Science in
emerging body of scientific knowledge. Clinical Laboratory Science
Clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists
Requirements for the Major perform the laboratory tests on which physicians rely
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits for accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of disease.
General Education Requirements: 46 credits Clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists are
highly skilled health team members who use a battery
of sophisticated procedures and instruments in their
Additional Requirements: 15 credits work and who possess specialized knowledge and skills
Major Requirements at acquired through completion of a formal program of
Affiliate University: 30-32 credits academic and clinical study. The Clinical Laboratory
Science (CLS) program at the University is a 3 + 1
Major Course Requirements at program offered in cooperation with OSF Saint Francis
Ashford University (36 credits) School of Clinical Laboratory Science, OSF Saint Francis
• BIO 103 Principles of General Biology I Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois.
(4 credits) In a clinical laboratory setting, a CLS graduate may:
• BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II • Work in clinical chemistry, hematology,
(4 credits) immunohematology, immunology, molecular
pathology, and/or clinical microbiology;
• BIO 201 Microbiology (4 credits)
• Perform analyses on blood, urine, and other body
• BIO 205 Human Anatomy & Physiology I fluids;
(4 credits)
• Operate complex instruments to generate
• BIO 206 Human Anatomy & Physiology II scientific data that aid in the diagnosis, treatment,
(4 credits) and prognosis of disease;
• BIO 340 Cell Biology (4 credits) • Evaluate quality assurance data to ensure
• BIO 342 Genetics & Immunology (4 credits) accurate and reliable test results;
• CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits) • Use independent judgment and problem-solving
abilities;
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits)
• Develop research projects to evaluate new
Additional Requirements products and methods; or
A minimum of 15 credits in upper-division courses • Provide and participate in continuing education.
numbered 300 or above. A minimum of 90 credits must be
The 4-year degree program opens options at the
completed prior to attending the affiliate institution.
supervisory level that a Medical Technician (2-year
certificate program) cannot offer.
Residency Requirements at Ashford University
Transfer students must earn at least 30 credits from General Requirements
the University before attending the affiliate school of The CLS program is a 3 + 1 (3 years of prerequisite and
cytotechnology. General Education coursework followed by a clinical
Admission to Cytotechnology Program at year) professional program that grants a certificate and/
Affiliated University or a baccalaureate degree. Alternatively, students must
Students must gain admission to one of the affiliate possess or be eligible for a baccalaureate degree upon
programs before this phase of the program can be completion of the clinical year. In their first three years of
completed. A minimum cumulative GPA of 2.50 at study at Ashford University, students complete a program
Ashford University and strong academic performance of study in biology, chemistry, and mathematics in

addition to fulfilling General Education requirements for • BIO 205 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
the baccalaureate degree. Students complete their senior (4 credits)
year of study at the OSF Saint Francis School of Clinical • BIO 206 Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Laboratory Science, OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, (4 credits)
Peoria, Illinois (contingent upon their admission to the
program), devoted to clinical laboratory studies. • BIO 342 Genetics and Immunology (4 credits)
Program Outcomes Optional/Recommended Courses:

Students in the Clinical Laboratory Science program will • PHY 201 College Physics I (4 credits)
be able to: • PHY 202 College Physics II (4 credits)
• Demonstrate proper experimental and scientific • BIO 340 Cell Biology (4 credits)
methodologies including laboratory and safety Students who plan to pursue a graduate degree, enter
skills; medical or dental school, or are considering a science
• Demonstrate critical reading, thinking, and undergraduate major other than Clinical Laboratory
communication skill using language specific to Science should take the second semester of organic
their personal goals and specific to their degree chemistry either in place of or in addition to biochemistry.
program; In addition, those students should also add the two-
• Demonstrate specific knowledge of material and semester sequence of college physics and the cell
information appropriate for professionals within biology course.
Residency Requirements at Ashford University:
Transfer students must earn at least 30 credits from
Ashford University before attending the affiliate’s Clinical
technology to their chosen degree; and
Laboratory Science program.
Of the Major Course Requirements at OSF Saint Francis
interdisciplinary knowledge into a personalized
School of Clinical Laboratory Science, OSF Saint Francis
emerging body of scientific knowledge.
Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois, 32 credits would transfer
back to Ashford University for a Bachelor of Science
Requirements for the Major in CLS.
General Education Requirements: 46 credits Admission to Affiliated University CLS Program:
Major Requirements: 48 credits Students must gain admission to the CLS program at
OSF Saint Francis School of Clinical Laboratory Science,
Major Requirements at Affiliated
OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois, before
Clinical Lab: 32 credits
this phase of the program can be completed. A minimum
cumulative GPA of 2.75 at Ashford University and strong
Major Courses (48 credits): academic performance in the courses above are required
• BIO 103 Principles of General Biology I for admission. Furthermore, Science division advisors
(4 credits) are in the position to gauge a student’s ability in advising
• BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II sessions and would be in a position to recommend
(4 credits) students into the CLS program at University of Iowa.
• BIO 201 Microbiology (4 credits) Declaration of a major is required at the end of the
sophomore year, and advisors would be in the position
• CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits) to determine whether a student would proceed into
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits) the program.
• CHE 301 Organic Chemistry I (5 credits) The professional (clinical) program consists of a minimum
• CHE 302 Organic Chemistry II (5 credits) OR of 12 months of didactic and practical instruction and
CHE 309 Special Topics: Biochemistry successful completion of 32 credits. The first summer
(5 credits) session and fall semester are devoted to lectures,
laboratory experience, demonstrations, short generalist
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) rotations, and seminars covering theory and technique in
• MAT 227 Pre-Calculus (3 credits) clinical laboratory science.

Bachelor of Science in • MAT 352 Calculus II/Analytic Geometry
Computer Science and Mathematics (4 credits)
The Computer Science and Mathematics program has • MAT 320 Discrete Mathematics (3 credits)
flexibility to allow students to concentrate in computer
programming, applied mathematics, or secondary Collateral Courses Requirements* (7 credits):
education. Students in this program will develop and • PHI 103 Informal Logic (3 credits) OR
strengthen their ability to solve problems creatively and PHI 302 Formal Logic (3 credits)
effectively, to reason logically, and to apply computer
and mathematical skills while preparing for careers as • PHY 201 College Physics I (4 credits) OR
mathematicians, computer programmers, or secondary PHY 202 College Physics II (4 credits) OR
education teachers or to prepare for graduate-level work in PHY 105 Introduction to Physical Science
computer science or mathematics. (4 credits)
* Note: Collateral courses could also count towards
Program Outcomes General Education requirements.
Students in the Computer Science and Mathematics
program will be able to: Computer Science Track (30 credits):
• Apply concepts such as linear transformations, Required courses (24 credits):
matrices, bases, and kernels to represent real-life
models; • INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits)
• Apply discrete mathematics concepts to practical • INF 325 Telecommunications and Networking
applications such as those in computer science; Concepts (3 credits)
• Use concepts and tools of differential and • INF 331 IS Programming (3 credits)
integral calculus to solve real-life applications; • INF 431 Advanced IS Programming (3 credits)
• Create and develop software applications using a • INF 410 Project Management (3 credits)
systemic approach; • INF 420 Senior Portfolio (3 credits)
• Apply general principles of modern • MAT 206 Linear Algebra (3 credits)
programming languages; and
• Examine emerging computer and software Elective credits (9 credits) from the following:
technologies within dynamic environments. • INF 322 Database Management Systems
(3 credits)
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits • INF 391 IS Seminar I (3 credits)
General Education Requirements: 46 credits • INF 392 IS Internship (3 credits)
Common Core: 21 credits • MAT 353 Calculus III (4 credits)
Track: 28-60 credits • MAT 300 History of Mathematics (3 credits)
Electives: 0-25 credits • MAT 362 Modern Algebra (3 credits)
• MAT 364 Modern Geometries (3 credits)
Requirements for the Common Core
plus Track (49-57 credits) Mathematics Track (28 credits)
Students majoring in Computer Science and Mathematics Required courses (22 credits):
will successfully complete the Common Core and one
of the three following tracks. The number of major • INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits)
credits for the Mathematics tracks is 49, for the Computer • INF 331 IS Programming (3 credits)
Science track, 51, and for the Education track, 57. • INF 431 Advanced IS Programming (3 credits)
Common Core (21 credits): • MAT 206 Linear Algebra (3 credits)

• MAT 362 Modern Algebra (3 credits)
Required Major Courses (14 credits):
• MAT 364 Modern Geometry (3 credits)
• INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits)
• MAT 498 Senior Thesis/Project I (2 credits)
• MAT 351 Calculus I/Analytic Geometry
(4 credits) • MAT 499 Senior Thesis/Project II (2 credits)

Elective credit (6 credits) from the following: • ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Education
• INF 322 Database Management Systems Content Areas (3 credits)
(3 credits) • PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development
• INF 325 Telecommunications and Networking (3 credits)
Concepts (3 credits) • PSY/ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
• INF 391 IS Seminar I (3 credits) (3 credits)
• INF 392 IS Internship (3 credits) • ESE 325 Behavioral Management in the
• MAT 353 Calculus III (4 credits)
In addition to meeting the requirements enumerated
• MAT 300 History of Mathematics above, students in the education endorsement must
(3 credits) also satisfy requirements for admission to the College
• MAT 362 Modern Algebra (3 credits) of Education’s Practitioner Preparation Program and
• MAT 364 Modern Geometry (3 credits) successfully complete all other requirements for licensure.
Education Endorsement (57 credits): Bachelor of Science in Health Science

Required courses (10 credits): The B.S. in Health Science is a 3+1 program that prepares
• MAT 206 Linear Algebra (3 credits) OR students for entry into post-baccalaureate professional
MAT 362 Modern Algebra (3 credits) training programs in a health-related field. The curriculum
centers around essential biological, chemical, physical,
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) and social sciences that are fundamental to the allied
• MAT 364 Modern Geometries (3 credits) health professions. The program is designed to fulfill
requirements for admission into advanced degree
• One additional MAT course (3 credits)
programs such as physical therapy. The University has
Education requirements (47 credits): affiliation agreements with Clarke College.
• EDU 200 Introduction to Education and Field In their first three years of study at the University, students
Experience I (1 credit) complete a program of study in biology and chemistry
• EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits) in addition to fulfilling General Education requirements
for the baccalaureate degree. Students complete their
• EDU 250 Foundations of American Education
senior year in the Doctor of Physical Therapy program at
(2 credits)
Clarke College.
• EDU 270 Principles of Education and Field
Students must gain admission to the 3+3 Doctor of
Experience II (2 credits)
Physical Therapy program at Clarke College before this
• EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the phase of the program can be completed. Requirements for
Classroom (2 credits) admittance at Clarke College are listed below.
• EDU 330 General Methods of Secondary The degree will be granted upon successful completion of
Education (3 credits) a fourth year in an articulated program, such as the 3+3
• EDU 331 Practicum: Secondary Education Doctor of Physical Therapy program at Clarke College.
(1 credit) When the student completes the Doctor of Physical
Therapy at Clarke College (projected in two additional
• EDU 344 Math Specific Methods (3 credits)
years), Clarke College confers the Doctorate.
• EDU 345 Practicum Secondary Mathematics
(1 credit) Program Outcomes
• EDU 370 Human Relations Skills for Educators Students in the Health Science program will be able to:
(1 credit) • Demonstrate proper experimental and scientific
• EDU 460 Student Teaching in the Secondary methodologies including laboratory and safety
School (8 credits) AND EDU 461 Student skills;
Teaching in the Secondary School (7 credits) OR • Demonstrate critical reading, thinking, and
EDU 462 Student Teaching in the Secondary communication skill using language specific to
School (15 credits) their personal goals, and specific to their degree
• EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit) program;

• Demonstrate specific knowledge of material and Admission to Health Science Program
information appropriate for professionals within at Affiliated Institution
their chosen degree; Students must gain admission to the affiliate programs
• Demonstrate critical thinking and reading before this phase of the program can be completed.
skills in the analysis of data using appropriate Requirements for admittance at Clarke College include a
technology to their chosen degree; and minimum cumulative G.P.A. of 3.00 and no grades lower
than a “C” on prerequisite courses. Other requirements
may apply; check with a Faculty Academic Advisor or
with Clarke College.
Residency at Affiliated Program
Requirements for the Major Major course requirements at Clarke College’s Doctor of
Physical Therapy program are as follows:
Major Course Requirements: 53 credits
Professional Program Requirements:
Physical Therapy Program at Clarke College
Professional Program Requirements (35 credits)
at Affiliated College: 35 credits
• BIOL 410 Human Gross Anatomy
Major Course Requirements (53 credits): • BIOL 420 Human Physiology
• BIO 103 Principles of General Biology I*
• PT 414 Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
(4 credits)
• PT 422 Physical Agents
• BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II*
(4 credits) • PT 425 Issues in Health Care
• BIO 205 Human Anatomy and Physiology I* • BIOL 425 Exercise Physiology
(4 credits) • BIOL 445 Neuroscience
• BIO 206 Human Anatomy and Physiology II* • PT 424 Patient Care
(4 credits)
• PT 426 Intro PT Exam/Intervention
• CHE 151 General Chemistry I* (4 credits)
• PT 429 Clinical Practicum
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II* (4 credits)
• PT 518 Therapeutic Exercise
• PHY 201 College Physics I* (4 credits)
• PHY 202 College Physics II* (4 credits)
Bachelor of Science in
• MAT 227 Pre-Calculus (3 credits) Health Science Administration
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) The B.S. degree in Health Science Administration
• PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology* (3 credits) prepares students to seek entry-level positions in a health-
related field or to gain admission into a post baccalaureate
• PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology* (3 credits) OR program in a health-related field. The curriculum gives
PSY 304 Lifespan Development* (3 credits) the individual a firm foundation in essential biological,
• SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits) chemical, physical, and social sciences, as well as
• HCA 221 Health Care Practicum** (3 credits) effective management skills that are fundamental to
administering allied health programs. Students are
*Prerequisites must have “C” or better with minimum encouraged to consult the admissions requirements
GPA of 3.00. of prospective graduate schools when planning their
**Requirement of 75 documented hours under the direct undergraduate programs. Requirements may vary
supervisor of a licensed Physical Therapist in at least three somewhat among different schools and programs.
different settings.
Program Outcomes
Residency Requirements at Ashford University Students in the Health Science Administration program
Transfer students must earn at least 30 credits from will be able to:
Ashford University before attending the affiliate school. • Demonstrate proper experimental and scientific
skills;

• Demonstrate critical reading, thinking, and • SOC 313 Social Implications of Medical Issues
communication skill using language specific to (3 credits)
their personal goals, and specific to their degree • HCA 305 The U.S. Health Care System
program; (3 credits)
• Demonstrate specific knowledge of material and • HCA 311 Health Care Finance & Information
information appropriate for professionals within Systems (3 credits)
• HCA 322 Health Care Ethics & Medical Law
• Demonstrate critical thinking and reading (3 credits)
technology to their chosen degree; and • HCA 340 Managing Health and Human Services
(3 credits)
interdisciplinary knowledge into a personalized • HCA 375 Continuous Quality Monitoring &
emerging body of scientific knowledge. Accreditation (3 credits)
• HCA 415 Community & Public Health
Requirements for the Major (3 credits)
• HCA 421 Health Care Planning & Evaluation
General Education Requirements: 46 credits (3 credits)
Major Course Requirements: 47 credits • HCA 402 Health Care Internship* (3-6 credits)
Administration Requirements: 36-39 credits OR
HCA 221 Practicum in Health Care (3 credits)
Major Course Requirements (47 credits):
• BIO 103 Principles of General Biology I
(4 credits) Bachelor of Science in Natural Science
The B. S. degree in Natural Science offers students an
• BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II opportunity to tailor their education to their specific
(4 credits) career goals within the science area. It provides a basic
• BIO 205 Human Anatomy and Physiology I background in biology and chemistry that can then be
(4 credits) expanded upon for students considering health care or
• BIO 206 Human Anatomy and Physiology II research professions. A secondary education teaching
(4 credits) endorsement, which combines biology and chemistry, may
be completed within this degree.
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits) Program Outcomes
• PHY 201 College Physics I (4 credits) Students in the Natural Science program will be able to:
• PHY 202 College Physics II (4 credits) • Demonstrate proper experimental and scientific
• MAT 227 Pre-Calculus (3 credits) skills;
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) • Demonstrate critical reading, thinking and
• PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits) communication skills using language specific to
• PSY 304 Lifespan Development (3 credits) the sciences;
• SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits) • Demonstrate specific knowledge of material and
information in the natural sciences for a career in
• HCA 221 Health Care Practicum (3 credits) OR the scientific or health-related fields;
HCA 402 Health Care Internship (3 credits)
Administration Requirements (36-39 credits):
technology to their field; and
• ACC 281 Accounting Concepts for Health Care
Professionals (3 credits) • Demonstrate the ability to integrate
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations
(3 credits)
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management
(3 credits)

Requirements for the Major • EDU 331 Practicum: Secondary Education
Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits (1 credit)
General Education Requirements: 46 credits • EDU 346 Sec Ed: Science Specific Methods
(3 credits)
• EDU 345 Practicum Sec Ed: Science (1 credit)
Additional Requirements: 26 credits
• EDU 370 Human Relations Skills for Educators
(1 credit)
Students majoring in Natural Science will complete the
• EDU 460 & 461 Student Teaching in the
following requirements:
Secondary School OR EDU 462 Student
Teaching in the Secondary School (15 credits)
• BIO 103 Principles of Biology I (4 credits) • EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit)
• BIO 104 Principles of Biology I (4 credits) • ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Education
Content Areas (3 credits)
(4 credits) • PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development
(3 credits)
• BIO 206 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
(4 credits) • PSY/ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
(3 credits)
• ESE 325 Behavior Management in the
• One introductory statistics course (3 credits)
In addition to meeting the requirements enumerated
• NAT/BIO 301 Science Seminar (3 credits) above, students seeking licensure in the state of Iowa must
• NAT/BIO 498 Senior Thesis (2 credits) also satisfy requirements for admission to the College of
Education’s Practitioner Preparation Program, acceptance
• NAT/BIO 499 Senior Thesis (2 credits) into student teaching, and successfully complete all other
requirements for Iowa licensure. See College of Education
Additional Requirements (26 credits) Student Handbooks. Additional requirements from the
26 additional credits in BIO, CHE, PHY, or MAT, Iowa Department of Education may be added at any time.
numbered 200 or above beyond General Education
requirements; three of these courses must be 300-level
or above. Bachelor of Science in
Nuclear Medicine Technology
Education Endorsements for Bachelor of Science Nuclear Medicine Technology (NMT) is a medical
in Natural Science Majors specialty program that uses nuclear medicine instruments,
Endorsements are possible in Biology, Chemistry, sophisticated computers, and detectors for diagnostic,
Chemistry with Physics option, Bio-Chem Combo, or therapeutic, and research purposes. The nuclear
General Science. medicine technologist diagnoses diseases by safely using
radioactive tracers for diagnostics purposes and works
Education Major Requirements (47 credits) hand-in-hand with nuclear medicine physicians, health
• EDU 200 Introduction to Education and Field physicists, radio pharmacists, and radio chemists as an
Experience I (1 credit) integral part of a highly skilled team.
• EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits) The Nuclear Medicine Technologist generally works in
hospitals and clinics. The NMT’s functions might include:
• EDU 250 Foundations of American Education
• Operating nuclear medical instruments;
(2 credits)
• Positioning patients for imaging procedures;
Experience II (2 credits) • Preparing data for the physician’s interpretation;
• EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the • Preparing and administering
Classroom (2 credits) radiopharmaceuticals;
• EDU 330 General Methods of Secondary • Collecting and preparing biological specimens
Education (3 credits) to measure levels of hormones, drugs, and other
components;

• Radiation safety; and/or to University of Iowa’s Nuclear Medicine program, a
• Quality control. student may earn a degree from the University of Iowa.
Students must meet the admissions requirements of the
The Nuclear Medicine Technology program is offered in University of Iowa Nuclear Medicine program or any
cooperation with the Mayo School of Health Sciences. certified Nuclear Medicine program where the student
Note: Students should see an Ashford University Dean or wishes to apply. Students will be strongly advised to
the Vice President of Academic Affairs for details about follow Ashford University Bachelor of Science in Biology
any arrangements between Ashford University and other degree program requirements. In this way, students who
colleges/universities. Transferability of credits is always are not admitted to University of Iowa’s Nuclear Medicine
up to the receiving institution. Students who wish to apply Technology program can complete an Ashford University
to the University of Iowa or other Nuclear Medicine degree in their chosen area within four years.
programs will be subject to that institution’s admissions
requirements. Program Outcomes
Students in the Nuclear Medicine Technology program
General Requirements will be able to:
The NMT program is a 3 + 1 (3 years of prerequisite and
General Education coursework followed by a clinical • Demonstrate proper experimental and scientific
year) professional program that grants a certificate and/ methodologies including laboratory and safety
or a baccalaureate degree. Alternatively, students must skills;
possess, or be eligible for, a baccalaureate degree upon • Demonstrate critical reading, thinking, and
completion of the clinical year. In their first 3 (three) communication skill using language specific to
years of study at Ashford University, students complete a their personal goals, and specific to their degree
program of study in biology, chemistry, and mathematics program;
in addition to fulfilling General Education requirements • Demonstrate specific knowledge of material and
for the baccalaureate degree. Students complete their information appropriate for a professional in
senior year of study at the Mayo School of Health their chosen degree;
Sciences in Rochester, Minnesota (contingent upon
their admission to the program), devoted to nuclear • Demonstrate critical thinking and reading
medicine technology. skills in the analysis of data using appropriate
technology to their chosen degree; and
In the first 3 (three) years of study at Ashford University,
students must complete at least 38 credits in the areas of • Demonstrate the ability to integrate
biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and computers, interdisciplinary knowledge into a personalized
plus fulfillment of General Education requirements and emerging body of scientific knowledge.
competencies (46 credits). The required courses in the
first and sophomore years emphasize the physical and Requirements for the Major
biological sciences, which provide a basic background Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
for future development in the junior year. Students take General Education Requirements: 46 credits
electives to ensure a minimum of 90 credits to apply to a
certified Nuclear Medicine Technology program. Students
complete their senior year of study at the Mayo School of Professional Program Requirements
Health Sciences Nuclear Medicine Program (contingent at Affiliated Institution: 34 credits
upon their admission to the program). Upon satisfactory
completion of the fourth year, students receive a certificate Major Course Requirements (45 credits):
from the nuclear medicine program attended and, upon • CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits)
transferring the 34 credits, a baccalaureate degree in • CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits)
Nuclear Medicine Technology from Ashford University.
Graduates then are eligible for national certification by • CHE 313 Nuclear Chemistry (3 credits)
the Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board as • CHE 315 Quantitative Chemistry (4 credits)
nuclear medicine technologists. • BIO 103 Principles of General Biology
Optional approach: Students may complete the Ashford (4 credits)
University Nuclear Medicine Technology requirements • BIO 104 Principles of General Biology
previously outlined and choose to apply to the University (4 credits)
of Iowa’s Nuclear Medicine program. Upon acceptance
• PHY 201 College Physics I (4 credits)

• PHY 202 College Physics II (4 credits) of expertise in an applied science, the BAS degree adds
• BIO 205 Human Anatomy and Physiology I breadth through a liberal arts-based General Education
(4 credits) component and depth through the chosen core. The BAS
graduate is thus prepared for greater career mobility and a
• BIO 206 Human Anatomy and Physiology II more enriched life. In addition to the general requirements
(4 credits) for the BAS degree noted previously (see Requirement for
• BIO 353 Cross-Sectional Anatomy (3 credits) Graduation with a Bachelor of Applied Science Degree
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) section in this Catalog), students must complete one of the
following core requirements:
Recommended Electives:
• BIO 201 Microbiology (4 credits) Bachelor of Applied Science in
• BIO 340 Cell Biology (4 credits) Health Care Administration
• BIO 342 Genetics and Immunology (4 credits) The Bachelor in Health Care Administration is designed
to meet the learning needs of health care professionals
• MAT 311 Managerial Calculus (3 credits) and others in the acquisition of foundational knowledge
• BIO 225 Medical Biology for Health Care in health-related topics, operations and applications. The
(4 credits) Health Care Administration degree is characterized by
• HCA 221 Practicum in Healthcare (3 credits) an interdisciplinary and integrated learning approach,
reflecting the realities of the health care system. Specific
curriculum in health administration, regulation and
Residency Requirement at Ashford University:
Transfer students must earn at least 30 credits from
monitoring is provided.
Ashford University before attending an affiliate institution
with a Nuclear Medicine Technology program.
Program Outcomes
Students in the Health Care Administration program will
Major Course Requirements
be able to:
at Mayo School of Health Sciences:
Students must declare a major at the end of the sophomore • Examine the requirements of continued learning
year, and Ashford University advisors would be in the for health care professionals;
position to determine whether a student would proceed • Evaluate the contributions of volunteerism within
into the NMT program. Science advisors are in the the context of the health care delivery system;
position to gauge a student’s ability through advising
• Explore the ramifications of cultural and social-
sessions and to recommend students into the NMT
demographic variables as they impact the
program. A minimum cumulative GPA of 2.75 at the
delivery of health care;
University and strong academic performance in the
courses above are required for admission to NMT • Demonstrate the integration of multi-disciplinary
programs such as the program at the Mayo School of knowledge into the multiple perspectives of the
Health Sciences. The curriculum of the NMT clinical U.S. health care system;
year is based on Essentials of an Accredited Educational • Analyze the major financing systems of U.S.
Program in Nuclear Medicine Technology. The clinical health care services;
year consists of 30 plus hours.
• Discuss the provision of health care services
across the life span;
College of Arts and Sciences: • Communicate the major forces driving change in
the U.S. health care system; and
Bachelor of Applied Science • Analyze health care delivery outcome research.
Programs and Requirements
The Bachelor of Applied Science degree offers holders Requirements for the Major
of Associate of Applied Science degrees the opportunity Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
to pursue a four-year degree with a focus in accounting,
AAS Degree (includes 46
computers, computer graphic design, health care
General Education Requirements): 64 credits
management, health and human services management,
or management without losing a large number of credits Selected Core: 45-48 credits
in the transfer process. Accepting the AAS as evidence Elective: 12 credits

Major Course Requirements (45-48 credits): *The prerequisite for BUS 303 is SOC 340 Managing in
• ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits) Health and Human Services (3 credits), or permission of
the instructor.
• ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II (3 credits)
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management* ** GPA of 2.75 required in the core.
(3 credits)
• HCA/PSY 321 Program Evaluation (3 credits)
• HCA/SOC 310 Funding Health and Social
College of Business and
Services (3 credits) Professional Studies: Bachelor
• PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits) of Arts Degree Programs and
• POL 201 American National Government Requirements
(3 credits)
• PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits) Bachelor of Arts in Accounting
• PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology The Accounting major at the University develops
(3 credits) necessary analytical, conceptual, and technical
• SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits) knowledge and proficiency in accounting. Collateral
courses complement the accounting curriculum and
• SOC 320 Public Policy and Social Services enable students to better understand the internal and
(3 credits) external business environment through study in business
• HCA 402 Health Care Internship** (3-6 credits) administration, economics, and quantitative methods.
Accounting majors may also pursue an optional track
One course from the following (3 credits): in environmental studies. The Professional Accounting
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations Program meets the needs of students planning to sit for the
(3 credits) Certified Public Accounting (CPA) exam.
• HCA/SOC 340 Managing in Health and Human
Services: An Interdisciplinary Approach Program Outcomes
(3 credits) Students in the Accounting program will be able to:
• Collaborate to achieve organizational goals;
One course from the following (3 credits):
• Use technology tools related to the area of
• PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits) Accounting;
• PSY 317 Cognition in Late Adulthood • Analyze alternatives to complex accounting
(3 credits) problems;
One course from the following (3 credits): • Apply and integrate accounting information into
business decision making;
• PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
• Apply ethical standards to accounting; and
• Apply knowledge and skills to obtain Certified
• PSY 320 Research Methods and Statistical Management Accountant professional
Applications (3 credits) designation.
Elective (12 credits): Requirements for the Major

• HCA 425 Long-Term Care Internship (12 credits) Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
The following courses may also be applied to the General General Education Requirements: 46 credits
Education requirements:
• PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits) • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
• SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits) • ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II (3 credits)
• ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I (3 credits)

• ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II (3 credits) Program Outcomes
• ACC 310 Cost Accounting I (3 credits) Students in the Professional Accounting program will be
able to:
• ACC 380 Accounting for Not-For-Profit
Organizations (3 credits) • Collaborate to achieve organizational goals;
• ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I (3 credits) • Use technology tools related to the area of
Accounting;
• ACC 410 Auditing (3 credits)
• Analyze alternatives to complex accounting
One course from the following: problems;
• ACC 311 Cost Accounting II (3 credits) • Apply and integrate accounting information into
• ACC 402 Federal Income Taxes II (3 credits) business decision making;
• ACC 407 Advanced Accounting (3 credits) • Apply ethical standards to accounting; and
Business Core Requirements • Apply knowledge and skills to obtain Certified
(12 credits from the following): Management Accountant or Certified Public
• BUS 307 Operations Management & Accountant professional designation.
Quantitative Techniques (3 credits)
Double Undergraduate Major Degree Track
• BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
• BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits)
Requirements for Double Major
(3 credits)
Business Core Requirements: 24 credits
Collateral Core Requirements: 18 credits
One course in Information Systems (3 credits):
Information Systems Requirements: 9 credits
• INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits)
Electives: 17-18 credits
• INF 240 Visual & Verbal Presentations
(3 credits) Major Course Requirements (36 credits):
• INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
(3 credits) • ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II (3 credits)
• CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits) • ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I (3 credits)
• ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II (3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in • ACC 310 Cost Accounting I (3 credits)
Professional Accounting • ACC 311 Cost Accounting II (3 credits)
Since January 1, 2001, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants (AICPA) requires members of its • ACC 380 Accounting for Not-For-Profit
organization to have earned 150 credits of education Organizations (3 credits)
and to have passed the CPA exam. To respond to this • ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I (3 credits)
requirement, Ashford University has developed the
• ACC 402 Federal Income Taxes II (3 credits)
Professional Accounting Program. This five-year,
150-credit-hour curriculum meets the AICPA • ACC 407 Advanced Accounting (3 credits)
requirements for sitting for the CPA exam. The • ACC 410 Auditing (3 credits)
Professional Accounting program also incorporates
• ACC 420 Internship (3 credits)
AICPA recommendations for broadening the academic
preparation of public accountants. Students completing
the program can choose either double undergraduate Business Core Requirements (24 credits):
majors in accounting and business administration or • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
an undergraduate degree in accounting and a Master of (3 credits)
Business Administration degree. • BUS 307 Operations Management &

• BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits) Undergraduate BA Accounting/
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics Master of Business Administration Track
(3 credits)
Requirements for the BA Accounting/
Master of Business Administration
(3 credits)
Accounting Core Requirements: 24 credits
Collateral Core Requirements (18 credits): Business Core Requirements: 24 credits
• BUS 312 Business Law II (3 credits) Collateral Core Requirements: 18 credits
• BUS 405 Principles of Investments (3 credits) Information Systems Requirements: 9 credits
• BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits) OR
Undergraduate Accounting Core (24 credits):
ECO 317 Money and Banking (3 credits)
• ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
• ENG 315 Business & Professional Writing
(3 credits)
• ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I (3 credits)
• MAT 311 Managerial Calculus (3 credits)
• ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II (3 credits)
• SPE 315 Business & Professional Speaking
(3 credits) • ACC 310 Cost Accounting I (3 credits)
• ACC 380 Accounting for Not-For-Profit
Information Systems Requirements (9 credits): Organizations (3 credits)
• INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits) • ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I (3 credits)
• INF 240 Visual & Verbal Presentations • ACC 410 Auditing (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis Business Core Requirements (24 credits):
(3 credits) • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
(3 credits)
Elective Courses • BUS 307 Operations Management &
(17-18 credits from the following): Quantitative Techniques (3 credits)
• ACC 420 Internship (maximum 8 credits) • BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management • BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
• BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 318 Organizational Behavior (3 credits) • ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 339 Marketing Research (3 credits) • MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits)
• BUS 345 Business and the Environment • PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits)
(3 credits)
Collateral Core (18 credits):
• BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits) • BUS 312 Business Law II (3 credits)
• BUS 352 E-Business (3 credits) • BUS 405 Principles of Investments (3 credits)
• BUS 403 International Business (3 credits) • BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits) OR
• BUS 405 Principles of Investments (3 credits) ECO 317 Money and Banking (3 credits)
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions and Markets • MAT 311 Managerial Calculus (3 credits)
(3 credits) • ENG 315 Business & Professional Writing
• ECO 317 Money and Banking (3 credits) (3 credits)
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives • SPE 315 Business & Professional Speaking
(INTD) (3 credits) (3 credits)

Information Systems (9 credits): assist students in acquiring essential knowledge and
• INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits) competence in accounting, economics, ethics, and
mathematics. Elective specializations in finance and
marketing build on the core curriculum.
(3 credits)
• INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis Program Outcomes
(3 credits) Students in the Business Administration program will be
Before progressing to the graduate Master of Business able to:
Administration program, students must first earn their • Collaborate to achieve team goals;
undergraduate degree in Accounting. • Develop an awareness of their leadership style;
• Evaluate a situation and apply an effective
Graduate Coursework leadership style;
Requirements for the Master of Business • Use technology tools related to their area of
Administration: emphasis;
Total Minimum Credits Required: 33 credits • Manage change within a dynamic business
Graduate Accounting Core: 9 credits environment; and
Graduate Business Core: 24 credits • Create a strategic business plan.
Graduate Accounting Core Requirements for the Major

(9 credits from the following): Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
• ACC 502 Federal Tax II (3 credits) General Education Requirements: 46 credits
• ACC 507 Advanced Accounting (3 credits) Major Requirements: 45 credits
• ACC 511 Cost Accounting II (3 credits) Electives 29 credits
• ACC 520 Internship (3 credits)
Students should plan to complete the first 9 credits in the • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
Graduate Accounting core in the traditional classroom
format on campus. The remaining 24 credits in the • ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II (3 credits)
Graduate Business core will be completed by students • BUS 303 Human Resource Management
in the accelerated classroom format (either in Ashford’s (3 credits)
ASPIRE program on-campus or in the online modality)
offered through the Center for External Studies.
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
Graduate Business Core (24 credits): • BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits)
• BUS 610 Organizational Behavior (3 credits) • ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
• BUS 650 Managerial Finance (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 670 Legal Environment (3 credits) • ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics
• BUS 620 Managerial Marketing (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 640 Managerial Economics (3 credits) • MGT 415 Group Behavior in Organizations
(3 credits)
• BUS 630 Managerial Accounting (3 credits)
• MGT 435 Organizational Change (3 credits)
• BUS 644 Operations Management (3 credits)
One course in Statistics (3 credits):
• BUS 690 Business Strategy (3 credits)
• MAT 332 Statistics (3 credits)
One course in Management (3 credits):
Bachelor of Arts in
Business Administration • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
Business students study the environment of business (3 credits)
in a market-based economy and explore the different One course in Strategic Planning (3 credits):
functional areas of business including finance, human
• BUS 402 Strategic Management and Business
resources, information management, and marketing.
Policy (3 credits)
Collateral courses complement the business core and
One course in Ethics (3 credits): Requirements for the Major:
• PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits) Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
One course in Information Technology (3 credits):
(3 credits) Electives: 29 credits
• INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis
Required Courses (45 credits):
(3 credits)
(3 credits)
Elective Specializations
Students may choose from a variety of optional • ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics
specializations to supplement their major program. Please (3 credits)
see the Specializations section in this Catalog. • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
Financial Certification
Students interested in pursuing the CFA (Chartered • BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
Financial Analyst) qualification should consult the Dean • BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits) OR
of the College of Business and Professional Studies MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits)
regarding appropriate coursework. • COM 340 Technical Writing (3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in • INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits)
Business Information Systems • INF 322 Database Management Systems
Bachelor of Arts in Business Information Systems
(3 credits)
graduates are able to understand the interaction and
importance of information systems and information • INF 325 Telecommunications & Networking
sharing within a business or organization. Courses will Concepts (3 credits)
focus on networking, e-business administration, strategic • BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits)
data utilization, business management, as well as problem
• INF 410 Project Management (3 credits)
solving and leadership in designing, developing and
implementing new or existing information systems within • INF 336 Project Procurement Management
the businesses organization. (3 credits)
• MGT 497 Strategic Technology Planning for
Program Outcomes Organizations (3 credits)
Students in the Business Information Systems program
will be able to:
• Utilize analytical, logical, and critical thinking
Bachelor of Arts in
abilities to analyze user requirements and Computer Graphic Design
to design, develop, and deploy effective The Computer Graphic Design major combines the
Information Systems solutions; application of visual art, communication, marketing,
music, and computer programming skills that are needed
• Evaluate appropriate enterprise solutions for to aid current business and industry. The Graphic Design
business success; degree involves the creation of information that people
• Manage relationships with technology providers see and read: posters, books, signs, advertisements,
and customers; commercials, brochures, video production, digital
• Analyze alternatives to complex business imaging, and Websites. See Business Information Systems
problems and alternatives; and description and Computer Science and Mathematics
description for other degree options in the computer
• Evaluate the business as an integrated science field.
information system including the relations
among the functional areas, and the application
of long-range planning, systems implementation,
and control processes.

Program Outcomes • CGD 326 3-D Dynamics (3 credits)
Students in the Computer Graphic Design program will be • CGD 327 Advanced 3-D Seminar I (3 credits)
able to:
• Utilize computer graphics and visual arts tools • CGD 427 Advanced 3-D Seminar II (3 credits)
related to their track focus (Animation, Print • ENG 225 Introduction to Film (3 credits)
Media, or Web Design);
• Accurately determine client needs, audience, Animation Electives (3 credits from the following):
purpose, and media capabilities in the • ART 211 Ceramics I (3 credits)
development and execution of graphic • ART 225 Photography I (3 credits)
communication projects;
• Develop and communicate creative ideas to
colleagues and clients through oral, written, and • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
visual communication during the completion of • CGD 221 2-D Computer Animation (3 credits)
individual and team projects; • CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits)
• Investigate opportunities for professional growth; • CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits)
and
• CGD 323 3-D Modeling II (3 credits)
• Incorporate professional ethics on projects.
• CGD 330 Digital Still Imaging (3 credits)
Requirements for the Major: • CGD 332 Multimedia Authoring (3 credits)
• INF 391 IS Seminar I (3 credits)
Required Courses: 27 credits
• INF 392 IS Internship (3 credits)
Track: 27-30 credits
Electives: 17-20 credits Print Media Track (27 credits):
Required Courses (27 credits):
• ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design (3 credits) • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
• ART 105 Drawing I (3 credits) • INF 240 Visual & Verbal Presentations
(3 credits)
• ART 215 Computer Art I (3 credits)
• CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits)
• CGD 217 Survey of Graphic Communication
(3 credits) • CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits)
• CGD 240 Media Writing/Editing (3 credits) • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
• CGD 330 Digital Still Imaging (3 credits) • CGD 318 Introduction to Public Relations and
Promotional Writing (3 credits)
• CGD 340 Print Production (3 credits)
• INF 420 Senior Portfolio (3 credits) Print Media Electives (3 credits from the following):
• ART 225 Photography I (3 credits)
Tracks (27-30 credits)
• BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
Students must choose ONE track from the following:
Animation Track (30 credits): • BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits)
Students must earn a “C-” or better in each course to move
• CGD 220 Storytelling and Storyboarding
on in the program.
(3 credits)
• CGD 220 Storytelling/Storyboarding (3 credits)
• CGD 221 2-D Computer Animation (3 credits)
• CGD 223 3-D Modeling I (3 credits)
• CGD 331 Digital Video and Audio (3 credits)
• CGD 332 Internship (3 credits)
• CGD 324 3-D Animation I (3 credits)
• CGD 325 3-D Animation II (3 credits)

• INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits) in problem analysis, strategic planning, message
• INF 391 IS Seminar I (3 credits) development, and tactical solutions.
• INF 392 IS Internship (3 credits) Program Outcomes
Students in the Public Relations and Marketing program
Web Design Track (27 credits): will be able to:
• Develop an understanding and mastery of
• BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits) (may substitute marketing and public relations functions;
BUS 317 or 330)
• Create a repertoire of communication skills in
• CGD 221 2-D Computer Animation (3 credits) order to become an effective communicator
• CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits) across contexts;
• CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits) • Develop competencies in using planning skills
• CGD 353 Dynamic Publishing (3 credits) to create and implement marketing and public
relations solutions to meet clients’ needs;
• INF 322 Database Management Systems
(3 credits) • Evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of
marketing and public relations messages; and
(3 credits) • Engage in problem analysis, strategic planning,
message development, and tactical solutions.
Web Electives (3 credits from the following):
• ART 225 Photography I (3 credits) Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
• ART 315 Computer Art II (3 credits) General Education Requirements: 46 credits
• BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits) Core Requirements: 33 credits
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) Corporate Communications Track 15 credits
• CGD 221 2-D Computer Animation (3 credits) Marketing Track 15 credits
• CGD 318 Public Relations Practices & Core Requirements (33 credits):
Promotional Writing (3 credits) • ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design (3 credits)
• CGD 332 Multimedia Authoring (3 credits) • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
• INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits) • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
• INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis • BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits)
(3 credits) • BUS 420 or CGD/INF 392 Internship (3 credits)
• INF 431 Advanced IS Programming (3 credits) • CGD 240 Media Writing & Editing (3 credits)
• INF 391 IS Seminar I (3 credits) • CGD 318 Public Relations Practices &
• INF 392 IS Internship (3 credits) Promotional Writing (3 credits)
(3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in
Public Relations and Marketing • INF 420 Senior Portfolio (3 credits)
Graduates of the major in Public Relations and Marketing • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
will be able to develop an understanding and mastery of (3 credits)
marketing and public relations functions. Emphasis is • PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits)
on creating a repertoire of communication skills in order
to become an effective communicator across contexts, as Corporate Communications Track (15 credits):
well as to develop competence in using planning skills • ART 215 Computer Art I (3 credits)
to create and implement marketing and public relations
solutions to meet client’s needs. Graduates will be able • BUS 355 Corporate Communication Strategies
to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of (3 credits)
marketing and public relations messages and engage • CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits)

• CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits) required coursework will be exposed to various theories
• CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits) of management in the field of business administration,
exhibit college-level writing and speaking skills, and
Electives (3 credits) acquire a knowledge base in the field of sports and
• ART 315 Computer Art II (3 credits) recreation management.
• CGD 330 Digital Video & Audio (3 credits)
Program Outcomes
• CGD 340 Print Production (3 credits) Students in the Sports and Recreation Management
• ENG 315 Business & Professional Writing program will be able to:
(3 credits) • Integrate knowledge from sports recreation and
• JRN 211 News Reporting Lab (3 credits) business administration fields;
• SPE 315 Business & Professional Speaking • Apply theory to practice through practica and
(3 credits) internships;
• Communicate effectively in a variety of
Marketing Track (15 credits) modalities;
• BUS 339 Marketing Research (3 credits)
• Apply business procedures to team and facilities
• BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits) management; and
• BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits) • Demonstrate appropriate decision-making skills
• BUS 336 Marketing Strategy (3 credits) in organizational contexts.
• INF 242 Database & Spreadsheet Analysis
(3 credits) Requirements for the Major
Electives (3 credits)
• BUS 315 Professional Selling & Sales
Management (3 credits) Major Requirements: 45 credits
• BUS 318 Organizational Behavior (3 credits) Electives (6 credits are specified): 29 credits
• BUS 403 International Business (3 credits)
• ENG 315 Business & Professional Writing • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• SPE 315 Business & Professional Speaking (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• BUS 307 Operations Management &
Bachelor of Arts in • BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
Sports and Recreation Management • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
The Sports and Recreation Management major helps
to prepare professionals for managerial positions in the • SRM 410 Contemporary Issues in Sports
sports and recreation industry including professional, Marketing and Management (3 credits)
intercollegiate, and interscholastic sports; sport/fitness • ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
clubs; sports/athletics equipment merchandising; public, (3 credits)
private, and commercial recreation programs; and • SRM 320 Organization and Administration of
intramural and recreational sports. Sports and Recreation Management (3 credits)
Students complete coursework in the following areas: • SOC 318 Sociology of Sport (3 credits)
accounting, business, economics, English, information
systems, philosophy, physical education, sociology, Practicum/Case Study (3 credits from the following):
speech, and psychology. The curriculum consists of • SRM 244 Practicum I (1 credit)
learning experiences that are essential for assuming • SRM 344 Practicum II (2 credits) OR
entry-level business management positions in the sports SRM 325 Case Research in Sports and
and recreation profession. Students completing the Recreation Management (3 Credits)

One course in Advanced Communication • Analyze alternatives to complex accounting
(3 credits from the following): problems;
• BUS 340 Business Communications (3 credits) • Apply and integrate accounting information into
• INF 240 Visual and Verbal Presentations business decision making;
(3 credits) • Apply ethical standards to accounting; and
One course in Public Relations/Media • Apply knowledge and skills to obtain Certified
(3 credits from the following): Management Accountant professional
• CGD 240 Media Writing and Editing (3 credits) designation.
• CGD 318 Public Relations Practices and
Promotional Writing (3 credits)
One course in Internship/Project Management
(3 credits from the following):
• SRM 420 Internship (3 credits)
Core: 36 credits
One course in Information and Technology
(3 credits from the following): Major Course Requirements (36 credits):
• INF 242 Database Analysis (3 credits) • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
• CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits) • ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II (3 credits)
• ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I* (3 credits)
College of Business and • ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II* (3 credits)
Professional Studies: Bachelor • ACC 310 Cost Accounting I** (3 credits)
of Applied Science Degree • ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I** (3 credits)
Programs and Requirements • ACC 410 Auditing (3 credits)
The Bachelor of Applied Science degree offers holders • BUS 311 Business Law I** (3 credits)
of Associate of Applied Science degrees the opportunity • ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
to pursue a four-year degree with a focus in accounting, (3 credits)
computers, computer graphic design, health care • ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics
management, health and human services management, (3 credits)
or management, without losing a large number of credits
in the transfer process. Accepting the AAS as evidence • MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits)
of expertise in an applied science, the BAS degree adds • PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits)
breadth through a liberal arts-based General Education *May substitute ACC 380 Accounting for Not-For-
component and depth through the chosen core. The BAS Profit Organizations (3 credits) or ACC 407 Advanced
graduate is thus prepared for greater career mobility and a Accounting (3 credits), if the student earned a “B-” grade
more enriched life. In addition to the general requirements or better in a course similar to ACC 305 or ACC 306 at the
for the BAS degree noted previously (see Requirement for freshman- or sophomore-level.
Graduation with a Bachelor of Applied Science Degree
section in this Catalog), students must complete one of the **May receive credit for ACC 310, ACC 401, or BUS 311
following core requirements: if the student earned a “B-” or better grade in a similar
course at the freshman- or sophomore-level. Credit will be
awarded after the student earns a grade of “C” or higher
Bachelor of Applied Science in Accounting in Ashford University courses: ACC 311, ACC 402,
BUS 312.
Program Outcomes
The following courses may also be applied to the General
Students in the Accounting program will be able to:
Education requirements:
• Collaborate to achieve organizational goals;
• Use technology tools related to the area of (3 credits)
Accounting;

• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics • INF 317 Procedures for IS Support (3 credits)
(3 credits) AND/OR • INF 391 IS Seminar I (3 credits)
PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits)
• INF 392 IS Internship (3 credits)
Bachelor of Applied Science in Computer Collateral Course Requirements (9 credits):

Program Outcomes (3 credits)
Students in the Computer program will be able to:
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) OR
• Know general principles of modern MAT 320 Discrete Mathematics (3 credits)
programming languages;
• Demonstrate knowledge of business procedures;
(PHI 402 may also be applied to General Education
• Recommend technology tools and techniques to requirements.)
meet the information needs of an organization;
• Research organizations’ information needs; Additional Degree Requirements:
• Coordinate information technology requirements A student may be required to demonstrate competency in
to support the information systems requirements; COBOL programming if previous COBOL coursework
and was completed more than four years prior to enrollment
at Ashford University. At least one programming course,
• Research emerging technologies to adapt within 200-level or above, must be taken at Ashford University.
dynamic organizations.
Requirements for the Major Bachelor of Applied Science in

Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits Computer Graphic Design
Program Outcomes
Students in the Computer Graphic Design program will be
Required Major: 18 credits able to:
Collateral Course Requirements: 9 credits • Utilize computer graphics and visual arts tools
Electives (9 credits are specified): 29 credits related to their track focus (Animation, Print
Media, Web Design);
Major Course Requirements (36 credits): • Accurately determine client needs, audience,
Required Courses (18 credits): purpose, and media capabilities in the
development and execution of graphic
• INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits) communication projects;
• INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits) • Develop and communicate creative ideas to
• INF 331 IS Programming (3 credits) colleagues and clients through oral, written, and
• INF 322 Database Management Systems visual communication during the completion of
(3 credits) OR individual and team projects;
INF 325 Telecommunications and Networking • Investigate opportunities for professional growth;
Concepts (3 credits) and
• INF 410 Project Management (3 credits) • Incorporate professional ethics on projects.
• INF 420 Senior Portfolio (3 credits)
Requirements for the Major:
Choose three electives (9 credits) from the following: Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
• ART 215 Computer Art I (3 credits) AAS Degree (includes 46
• BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits) General Education Requirements): 64 credits
• CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits) Major Requirements: 21 credits
• CGD 353 Dynamic Publishing (3 credits) Track: 24 credits
• INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis Electives: 11 credits

(3 credits)

Major Course Requirements (21 credits): • INF 240 Visual & Verbal Presentations
• ART 105 Drawing I (3 credits) (3 credits)
• ART 215 Computer Art I (3 credits) • INF 322 Database Management Systems
(3 credits)
• CGD 217 Survey of Graphic Communications
(3 credits)
Additional Degree Requirements:
• CGD 240 Media Writing and Editing (3 credits) In the following courses, students will produce an
• CGD 330 Digital Still Imaging (3 credits) animation, print media, or Web portfolio project. If the
• INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits) student is double majoring in another major offered by the
IS Department, one of the projects may be in a topic area
• INF 420 Senior Portfolio (3 credits) for that major. A single project may fit more than one topic
area, even if from a different major.
Tracks (24 credits) • INF 391 IS Seminar I (3 credits)
Students must choose one of the following: Animation
track, Print Media track or Web Design track and complete • INF 392 IS Internship (3 credits)
all course requirements. • INF 410 Project Management (3 credits)
• INF 420 Senior Portfolio (3 credits)
Animation Track (24 credits):
• CGD 220 Storytelling/Storyboarding (3 credits)
• CGD 223 3-D Modeling I (3 credits) Bachelor of Applied Science in
• CGD 331 Digital Video and Audio (3 credits)
Management
• CGD 324 3-D Animation I (3 credits) Program Outcomes
• CGD 325 3-D Animation II (3 credits) Students in the Management program will be able to:
• CGD 327 Advanced 3-D Seminar I (3 credits) • Collaborate to achieve organizational goals;
• CGD 427 Advanced 3-D Seminar II (3 credits) • Develop an awareness of their leadership style;
• ENG 225 Introduction to Film (3 credits) • Evaluate the situation and apply an effective
leadership style;
Print Media Track (24 credits): • Use technology tools related to their area of
• ART 315 Computer Art II (3 credits) emphasis; and
• BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits) • Manage change within a dynamic business
environment.
• CGD 220 Storytelling and Storyboarding
(3 credits)
• CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits) Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
• CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits) AAS Degree (includes 46
• CGD 318 Introduction to Public Relations & General Education Requirements): 64 credits
Promotional Writing (3 credits) Major Requirements: 33 credits
• CGD 340 Print Production (3 credits) Electives: 23 credits
(3 credits) Major Course Requirements
(33 credits required):
Web Design Track (24 credits): • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
• BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits) • ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II (3 credits)
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) OR
• CGD 331 Digital Video & Audio (3 credits) MGT 330 Management for Organizations
(3 credits)
• CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits)
• CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits) (3 credits)

• BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits) the Practitioner Preparation Program and transfer to the
• BUS/ECO 316 Financial Institutions and appropriate program for the endorsement area being
Markets (3 credits) pursued. Students who are not interested in a teaching
license, or do not meet the requirements for a teaching
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) license may complete the Bachelor of Arts in Education
• ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic program or a related major without teacher certification.
Issues (3 credits) OR Professional Behavior and Enrollment in Courses in
ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics Teacher Education
(3 credits) OR Students who successfully complete all required courses
ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics (including the Student Teaching Semester) and who
(3 credits) demonstrate a minimum of entry-level proficiency
• MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) in all competency areas can be recommended for an
• PHI 402 Business Ethics (3 credits) Iowa teaching license. The Iowa Board of Educational
Examiners requires a federal criminal background check
• Two upper-level electives (6 credits) in and fingerprint check on all applicants prior to teacher
accounting, business, and/or information licensure. Felony convictions, certain assault convictions,
systems. child abuse or neglect convictions, and certain drug and
alcohol convictions are among the convictions that will
The following courses may also be applied to the
preclude the award of a teaching license. The University
General Education requirements:
asserts that students who enter the program must be
• ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic eligible to be recommended for a teacher license upon
Issues (3 credits) completion of program requirements.
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics Checkpoints
(3 credits) Students in elementary and secondary education take
• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics General Education courses and 100-, 200- and possibly
(3 credits) some 300-level Education major course requirements
during the first five to six semesters. Students must have
a cumulative grade point average of 2.50, a minimum
grade point average of 2.70 in education core courses, a
Elective Specializations cumulative GPA of 2.70 in endorsement area courses, and
Students may choose a finance or marketing optional a passing score on a basic skills test to be eligible to apply
specialization to supplement their major. for admission to the Practitioner Preparation Program
(PPP). When admitted to the PPP (typically, in the junior
year), the majority of the Education courses will be at
College of Education: the 300-level. Curriculum and methods courses and the
Program Information accompanying practica are taken during the semesters
immediately preceding student teaching. A full semester
of student teaching takes place during the last semester,
Practitioner Preparation Program which equals a minimum of 15 weeks. Elementary
The practitioner preparation program is the licensure track education majors are required to receive a passing score
common to all endorsements and majors in the College of on the Praxis II exam to be recommended for an Iowa
Education and prepares students for rewarding careers as initial license.
professional educators. Students desiring to teach Pre-K Professional Behavior and Contact with
through grade eight will major in elementary education. Children and Youth
Those preparing to teach fifth through twelfth grades will A student pursuing a program in Teacher Education
select a major related to the content area they wish to or a minor in Child Learning and Development at
teach, while also taking a substantial number of Education Ashford University must meet the professional behavior
and Education-related courses. requirements to enroll in field experiences, practica,
Students who are interested in teacher licensure will be internships, or student teaching courses. Any student who
initially enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts in Education fails to meet the criteria for professional behavior may be
program or Secondary Education program of interest. removed from or denied enrollment in any course where
Upon completion of Level One requirements outlined there is direct contact with children, youth, or young
in the Ashford University Practitioner Preparation adults such as a field experiences, practica, internships, or
Handbook, students will be eligible for admission to student teaching.

Repeating/re-enrolling in Education Core Courses behaviors such as promptness, preparedness,
Students who wish to repeat or re-enroll in education adhering to contractual issues, and participating
core courses they previously dropped must obtain the in on-going professional development;
permission of the instructor, their advisor(s), and the Dean • Meet the needs of diverse learners in a variety of
of the College of Education. Permission will be granted settings;
on a limited basis, and conditions for enrollment in/
continuation in the course will be articulated. • Utilize a variety of assessments and use
assessment data to drive instruction;
Required General Education Courses for Students • Acknowledge the important role of reflection in
Seeking Teacher Licensure in Iowa an educator’s ability to self-evaluate and modify
Students that transfer to the College of Education with an actions in the learning community, actively
AA degree will be required to fulfill the general education seeking input for professional development
requirements listed below. opportunities;
• ART 101 Art Appreciation (3 credits) OR • Communicate effectively in a variety of
MUS 101 Masterpieces of Music (3 credits) modalities including technological, verbal,
• ENG 122 Composition II (3 credits) nonverbal, and written; and
• HIS 203 American History to 1865 (3 credits) • Implement teaching strategies that promote
• SPE 103 Oral Communication (3 credits) the intellectual, physical, emotional, and social
development of learners.
• One course each from the biological and physical
sciences (one course must include a laboratory Requirements for the Program
experience) Total Minimum Credits Required: 120 credits
Note: Secondary education only requires one science General Education Requirements: 49 credits
course that includes a lab.
Secondary Education Requirements: 47 credits
• One literature course with an ENG prefix
(3 credits) Endorsement Area: 15-24 credits
Please note: In some cases, the Iowa State Department
Secondary Education Requirements (47 credits):
of Education requirements change after the Ashford
• EDU 200 Introduction to Education and Field
University Catalog has been published. It is essential that
Experience I (1 credit)
students work with the Dean of the College of Education,
and faculty, to ensure compliance with current State • EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits)
regulations. • EDU 250 Foundations of American Education
Endorsement-Seeking Students (2 credits)
Certified teachers who hold a valid Iowa teaching license • EDU 270 Principles of Education and Field
may add any endorsement for which Ashford University is Experience II (2 credits)
approved and currently offers courses.
• EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the
Secondary Education Licensure Program • EDU 330 General Methods of Secondary
Program Outcomes Education (3 credits)
Students in the Secondary Education program will be • EDU 331 Practicum: General Methods (1 credit)
able to: • EDU 340 Business Education Methods
• Exhibit evidence of a high level of academic (3 credits)
preparedness; • EDU 341 Practicum in Business Education
• Demonstrate skills in sound teaching (1 credit) OR
methodology and instructional strategies; • EDU 342 Secondary Education - English
• Create a classroom environment where students Methods (3 credits)
experience mutual respect and appreciation for • EDU 343 Practicum in Secondary English
diversity; (1 credit) OR
• Respect privacy, possess knowledge of • EDU 344 Secondary Education - Mathematics
mandatory reporting, and exhibit professional Methods (3 credits)

• EDU 345 Practicum in Secondary Mathematics
(1 credit) OR General Science 5-12 BA/Natural Science or
(24 credits) BS/Natural Science
• EDU 346 Secondary Education - Science
Methods (3 credits) BS/Computer Science
Mathematics 5-12
• EDU 347 Practicum in Secondary Science and Math, Education
(24 credits)
(1 credit) OR Concentration
• EDU 348 Secondary Education - Social Science Psychology 5-12

BA/Social Science
Methods (3 credits) (15 credits)
• EDU 349 Practicum in Secondary Social Science Sociology 5-12
BA/Social Science
(1 credit) (15 credits)
AND all of the following: World History 5-12
BA/Social Science
(15 credits)
(1 credit)
Coaching Authorization or Endorsement
• EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit) The Education Division also offers coaching credentials
• EDU 460 & EDU 461 Student Teaching in the for students who successfully complete the following
Secondary School (15 credits) OR program:
EDU 462 Student Teaching in the Secondary • PED 203 Exercise Physiology (1 credit)
School (15 credits)
• PED 211 Theories and Techniques of Coaching
• ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Content Area (1 credit)
(3 credits)
• PED 242 Prevention and Care of Athletic Injuries
• PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development (2 credits)
(3 credits)
• PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development
• ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students (3 credits)
(3 credits)
Students must earn a grade of “C–” or higher in the four
• ESE 325 Behavioral Management in the courses required for the Coaching credential. Students
Classroom (3 credits) who are eligible or currently hold an Iowa teaching
Secondary education students will complete Iowa state license will be issued the K−12 Coaching endorsement.
endorsement requirements as part of the following The students must meet the GPA requirements of the
corresponding degrees: Practitioner Preparation Program.
Students in programs of study outside of Education are
State of Iowa Corresponding
eligible for the K−12 Coaching Authorization. These
Secondary Education Ashford University
students must hold a minimum GPA of 2.00 in the four
Endorsement Area Degree
required coaching courses. Students who successfully
American Government 5-12 complete the Coaching Authorization are responsible for
BA/Social Science submitting appropriate application fees and must complete
(15 credits)
and pay fees associated with the DCI/FBI criminal
background investigation, as required by the Iowa Board
American History 5-12
BA/Social Science of Educational Examiners.
(15 credits)
Biology 5-12 BA/Natural Science or

Chemistry 5-12 BA/Natural Science or

BA/English and
English/Language Arts 5-12
Communications,
(22 credits)
Education Concentration

College of Education: Elementary Education Major

Requirements (44 credits):
Bachelor of Arts Degree • EDU 200 Introduction to Education and Field
Programs and Requirements Experience I (1 credit)
• EDU 203 Child and Adolescent Literature
(3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education
• EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits)
Program Outcomes • EDU 250 Foundations of American Education
Students in the Elementary Education program will be (2 credits)
able to:
• Exhibit evidence of a high level of academic Experience II (2 credits)
preparedness;
• EDU 301 Language Arts in the Elementary
• Demonstrate skills in sound teaching Schools (3 credits)
methodology and instructional strategies;
• EDU 303 Reading Methods and Curriculum
• Create a classroom environment where students (3 credits)
experience mutual respect and appreciation for
diversity; • EDU 305 Clinical Experience in Reading/
Language Arts Methods (1 credit)
• Respect privacy possess knowledge of
mandatory reporting, and exhibit professional • EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the
behaviors such as promptness, preparedness, Classroom (2 credits)
adhering to contractual issues, and participating • EDU 311 Social Studies Curriculum and
in on-going professional development; Methods (2 credits)
• Meet the needs of diverse learners in a variety of • EDU 313 Elementary Curriculum and Methods
settings; of Science (2 credits)
• Utilize a variety of assessments and use • EDU 315 Curriculum and Methods of Teaching
assessment data to drive instruction; Mathematics in the Elementary School
• Acknowledge the important role of reflection in (2 credits)
an educator’s ability to self-evaluate and modify • EDU 317 Clinical Experience in Social Studies/
actions in the learning community, actively Science/Math Methods (1 credit)
seeking input for professional development
opportunities;
(1 credit)
• Communicate effectively in a variety of
• EDU 450 Student Teaching in the Elementary
modalities including technological, verbal,
School (8 credits) and EDU 451 Student
nonverbal, and written; and
Teaching in the Elementary School (7 credits)
• Implement teaching strategies that promote OR EDU 452 Student Teaching in the
the intellectual, physical, emotional, and social Elementary School (15 credits)
development of learners.
• EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit)
Requirements for the Major Collateral Course Requirements (15 credits):
• MAT 223 Math for Educators (3 credits)
Elementary Education Major (3 credits)
Requirements: 44 credits
• ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
Collateral Course Requirements: 19 credits (3 credits)
Electives: 5 credits • ESE 317 Mild/Moderate Disabilities (3 credits)
(One Endorsement Area is also required for the state • ESE 325 Behavior Management (3 credits)
of Iowa)

Two courses from the following (4 credits): • Respect privacy possess knowledge of
• ART 201 Art Skills for the Classroom Educator mandatory reporting, and exhibit professional
(2 credits) behaviors such as promptness, preparedness,
adhering to contractual issues, and participating
• MUS 225 Musical Skills for the Classroom in on-going professional development;
Teacher (2 credits)
• Meet the needs of diverse learners in a variety
• PED 205 Physical Education for the Elementary of settings;
Teacher (2 credits)
• Utilize a variety of assessments and use
• PED 230 Health Education for Elementary assessment data to drive instruction;
Education Majors (2 credits)
• Acknowledge the important role of reflection in
Students in Elementary Education must also complete an educator’s ability to self-evaluate and modify
an endorsement area. Endorsements are available in the actions in the learning community, actively
following areas: seeking input for professional development
• Pre-K–K (30 credits) opportunities;
• Reading K–8 (27 credits) • Communicate effectively in a variety of
• English/Language Arts K−8 (24 credits) modalities including technological, verbal,
nonverbal, and written; and
• History K–8 (24 credits)
• Implement teaching strategies that promote
• Mathematics K−8 (24 credits) the intellectual, physical, emotional, and social
• Science Basic K−8 (24 credits) development of learners.
• Social Studies K−8 (24 credits)
Students who pursue one or more of the previous Total minimum credits required: 123 credits
endorsements are also eligible to complete an endorsement
in the following: General Education courses 46 credits
• Instructional Strategist I (Special Education) K-8 Business Courses Requirements 30 credits
(18 credits) Education Courses Requirements 47 credits
• Middle School 5-8 (30 credits)
Business Courses Requirements (30 credits)
• Coaching K-12 (7 credits)
The Practitioner Preparation Handbook provides further
details regarding program requirements.
(3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in Business Education
Students will be awarded this degree and have earned • BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
an endorsement in Business – All 5-12. In addition to Choose 6 credits from the following:
meeting the requirements enumerated below, students • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
in this endorsement must also satisfy requirements for
admission to the College of Education’s Practitioner • BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits)
Preparation Program and successfully complete all other • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
requirements for licensure.
One course (3 credits) from the following:
Program Outcomes • INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits)
Students in the Business Education program will be • INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis
able to: (3 credits)
• Exhibit evidence of a high level of academic Choose 6 credits from the following:
preparedness;
• ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic
• Demonstrate skills in sound teaching Issues (3 credits)
methodology and instructional strategies;
• Create a classroom environment where students (3 credits)
experience mutual respect and appreciation for
diversity;

• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics Bachelor of Arts in Education
(3 credits) Students who are interested in education, but who do
One course (3 credits) from the following: not meet all of the requirements for teaching licensure
or are not interested in a teaching license may complete
this degree. Candidates for completion of this degree
(3 credits)
must formally apply to the College of Education and
• ENG 315 Business & Professional Writing be accepted before an internship can be arranged.
(3 credits) Additional requirements such as background checks, first
• SPE 315 Business & Professional Speaking aid certification, etc. may be necessary if an internship
(3 credits) placement requires it.
Education Courses Requirements (47 credits) Program Outcomes

• EDU 200 Introduction to Education and Field • Understand how students learn;
Experience I (1 credit) • Understand how students differ in their
• EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits) approaches to learning;
• EDU 250 Foundations of American Education • Can create and evaluate learning experiences that
(2 credits) make subject matter meaningful for students;
• EDU 270 Principles of Education and Field • Understands and can use individual and group
Experience II (2 credits) motivation strategies; and
• EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the • Demonstrate effective use of verbal, nonverbal
Classroom (2 credits) and media communication techniques to foster
interaction.
• EDU 330 General Methods of Secondary
• EDU 331 Practicum: Secondary Education Total minimum credits required: 120 credits
(1 credit)
General Education requirements: 46 credits
• EDU 340 Business Specific Methods (3 credits)
Education course requirements: 36 credits
• EDU 341 Practicum Secondary Business
(1 credit) AU minor requirements: 18-27 credits
• EDU 370 Human Relations Skills for Educators Internship requirements: 4-8 credits
(1 credit) (The internship is optional if 120 credits have previously
• EDU 460 Student Teaching in the Secondary been completed.)
School (8 credits) AND 461 Student Teaching in
the Secondary School (7 credits) OR EDU 462 Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education
Student Teaching in the Secondary School The Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education is designed for
(15 credits) students who want to teach K-12, elementary, middle, and/
• EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit) or secondary school. This degree will also help prepare
• ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Education students who seek careers in wellness, recreation, and
Content Areas (3 credits) coaching. This program will provide both elementary and
secondary physical education endorsements.
(3 credits)
Program Outcomes
• PSY/ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students Students in the Physical Education program will be able
(3 credits) to:
• ESE 325 Behavior Management in the • Identify physical education content and
Classroom (3 credits) disciplinary concepts related to the development
In addition to meeting the requirements enumerated of a physically educated person;
above, students in this endorsement must also satisfy • Demonstrate how individuals learn and develop
requirements for admission to the College of Education’s by providing opportunities that support their
Practitioner Preparation Program and successfully physical, cognitive, social, and emotional
complete all other requirements for licensure. development;

• Applies knowledge of how individuals differ • EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the
in their approaches to learning, by creating Classroom (2 credits)
appropriate instruction adapted to these • EDU 370 Human Relations Skills for Educators
differences; (1 credit)
• Use an understanding of individual and group • PSY 104 Child & Adolescent Development
motivation and behavior to create a safe learning (3 credits)
environment that encourages positive social
interaction, active engagement in learning, and • ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
self-motivation; (3 credits)
• Use knowledge of effective verbal, nonverbal, • ESE 325 Behavior Management in the
and media communication techniques to enhance Classroom (3 credits)
learning and engagement in physical activity • ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Education
settings; Content Areas (3 credits)
• Plan and implement a variety of developmentally • EDU 325 Specific Methods in Elementary PE
appropriate instructional strategies to develop (3 credits)
physically educated individuals, based on state • EDU 326 Practicum in Elementary PE (1 credit)
and national (NASPE K-12) standards;
• EDU 327 Specific Methods in Secondary PE
• Use assessment to foster physical, cognitive, (3 credits)
social, and emotional development of students in
physical activity; • EDU 328 Practicum in Secondary PE (1 credit)
• Evaluate the effects of their actions on others • EDU 468 Student Teaching Elementary PE
(e.g., students, parents/guardians, fellow (8 credits)
professionals) and seek opportunities to grow • EDU 469 Student Teaching Secondary PE
professionally; (7 credits)
• Use information technology to enhance learning • EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar (1 credit)
and to enhance personal and professional
productivity; and Physical Education Endorsement (29 credits)
• Foster relationships with colleagues, parents/ • PED 104 Personal Health & Wellness (2 credits)
guardians, and community agencies to support • PED 212 Foundation of Movement & Motor
students’ growth and well-being. Activities (3 credits)
Requirements for the Major (4 credits)
Total minimum credits required: 122 credits
• PED 242 Prevention & Care of Athletic Injuries
(2 credits)
• PED 217 Individual & Team Sports Skills
PE Endorsement: 29 credits (3 credits)
*Coaching endorsement: 2 credits • PED 240 Applied Kinesiology & Biomechanics
*A student may add PED 242 Prevention & Care of (3 credits)
Athletic Injuries for two credits to complete the coaching • PED 335 Curriculum & Administration of
endorsement. Physical Education (3 credits)
• ESE/PED 340 Adapted Physical Education
Major Course Requirements (47 credits) (3 credits)
• EDU 200 Introduction to Education (Elementary
and Secondary) & Field Experience (1 credit) PED Sport Skills Courses (6 credits)
• EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits) • Activity: 1 credit each (6 distinct total courses)
• EDU 250 Foundation of American Education
(2 credits)
• EDU 270 Principles of Education (Preschool,
Elementary, and Secondary) & Field
Experience II (2 credits)
Minors minor entails 18 credits of coursework when applied

outside major requirements for Visual Art and Psychology
To provide students with additional opportunities to majors, respectively.
broaden and enrich their educations, the University offers
a variety of minors. A minor is a program of study that Psychology courses:
is distinct from and supplements a student’s major. A • PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
minor may be taken as a way to give a coherent pattern to
elective credits, to expand career options, to prepare for • PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development
graduate study, or simply to explore in greater depth an (3 credits)
area different from one’s major. • PSY 304 Lifespan Development (3 credits)
Coursework that is applied toward fulfillment of a • PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits)
minor may count toward elective or General Education
requirements, but will not apply toward fulfillment of a Choose 6 credits from the following:
track or specialization. Students cannot earn a minor in the • PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
same subject area as their major field of study. Students
• PSY 330 Theories of Personality (3 credits)
must declare a minor prior to degree conferral.
• PSY 317 Cognitive Functioning in Late
Accounting Minor Adulthood (3 credits)
(18 credits)
• PSY 360 Survey of Mental Health (3 credits)
• ACC 206 Accounting Principles II (3 credits) Art courses:
• ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I (3 credits) • ART 103 Two Dimensional Design (3 credits)
• ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II (3 credits) • ART 105 Drawing I (3 credits)
• ACC 310 Cost Accounting I (3 credits) • ART 207 Painting I (3 credits)
Choose one of: • ART 350* Advanced Art Seminar (2 credits)
• ACC 311 Cost Accounting II (3 credits) • ART 403 Art Therapy Practicum (1 credit)
• ACC 380 Non-for-Profit Accounting (3 credits) Choose 3 credits from the following:
• ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I (3 credits) • ART 204 Three-Dimensional Design/Sculptor
• ACC 407 Advanced Accounting (3 credits) (3 credits)
• ART 211/311 Ceramics I (3 credits)
Advanced Science Minor Choose 3 credits from the following:
(18 credits)
• ART 215/315 Computer Art I (3 credits)
A total of 18 credits in BIO, CHE, MAT, and PHY courses
above general education and competencies is required.
At least 9 credits must be upper-level courses. No more • ART 307 Painting II (3 credits)
than 9 credits may be applied toward both the minor and *ART 350 is included to assure that graduates have
the major coursework. This minor is restricted to students prepared a portfolio required by AATA for graduate
earning a Bachelor of Science degree within the College admission to an accredited Art Therapy Master’s program.
of Arts and Sciences only.
Arts Administration Minor

Art Therapy Minor (26 credits)
(36 credits)
Required courses:
Please note: Recommended for Psychology, Social Science
and Visual Art majors only. Psychology coursework • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
may be applied to both to the Art Therapy minor and the • ART 101 Art Appreciation (3 credits)
Psychology or Social Science major requirements. Art
coursework may be applied to both the Art Therapy minor • ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design (3 credits)
and the Visual Art major requirements. The Art Therapy OR
ART 105 Drawing I (3 credits)
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations Chemistry Minor
(3 credits) (21-22 credits)
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) Required courses:
• ENG 315 Business and Professional Writing • CHE 151 General Chemistry I (4 credits)
(3 credits)
• CHE 152 General Chemistry II (4 credits)
• LIB 420* Applied Liberal Arts (3 credits)
• MUS 101 Masterpieces of Music (3 credits)
• CHE 302 Organic Chemistry II (5 credits)
Additional music requirement:
Choose one course from the following:
• MUS 103 AU Concert Choir (1 credit) OR
• CHE 306 Environmental Chemistry (4 credits)
MUS 125 AU Wind Ensemble (1 credit) OR
Applied Music Lessons (2 credits). • CHE 313 Nuclear Chemistry (3 credits)
• CHE 315 Quantitative Chemistry (4 credits)
Recommended Electives:
• CHE 322 Chemistry Internship (3 credits)
• LIB 301 Liberal Arts Seminar
*Internship of 150 hours in institution of the student’s
main interest.
Child Learning and Development Minor
(24 credits)
Required courses:
Business Administration Minor
(18 credits) Choose 12 credits from the following, including one field-
based course at Ashford University in addition to
PSY 104:
• ART 201 Art Skills for the Classroom Educator
(3 credits)
(3 credits)
• EDU 200* Introduction to Education
(3 credits)
(Elementary and Secondary) and Field
• BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits) Experience (1 credit)
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) • EDU 203 Child and Adolescent Literature
Choose one of: (3 credits)
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics • EDU 215 Educational Psychology (3 credits)
(3 credits) • EDU 250 Foundations of American Education
• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics (2 credits)
(3 credits) • EDU 270* Principles of Education (Preschool,
Elementary, and Secondary) (2 credits)
Business Economics Minor • ERE 231 Techniques & Strategies for Corrective
(18 credits) Reading (3 credits)
Not available in Bachelor of Arts in Business • MAT 223 Math for Educators (3 credits)
Administration. • MUS 225 Musical Skills for the Classroom
• BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits) OR Teacher (2 credits)
MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits) • PED 205 Physical Education for the Elementary
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics Teacher (2 credits)
(3 credits) • PED 230 Health Education for the Elementary
• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics Teacher (2 credits)
(3 credits) • PHI 205 Philosophy and Children (3 credits)
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets *Field-based course
(3 credits)
• ECO 320 International Economics (3 credits)
• ECO 406 Business Cycles & Growth (3 credits)
Choose 9 credits from the following: is more than four years prior to enrollment at Ashford
• EDU 300 Internship in Education (1-8 credits) University. At least two programming courses, 200-level
or another 300-level course as approved by the or above, must be taken at Ashford University.
faculty advisor and the Education Division chair
• ESE 325 Behavior Management in the Criminal Justice Minor
Classroom (3 credits) (18 credits)
• ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students Required courses:
(3 credits)
• CRJ 201 Introduction to Criminal Justice
• SOC 312 Child, Family, and Society (3 credits) (3 credits)
Students must earn a minimum grade of “C-” in PSY 104 • CRJ 301 Juvenile Justice (3 credits)
and a 2.00 cumulative grade point average in the courses
required for the minor.
Select 3 courses from the following (at least one of
which must be a CRJ course):
Computer Graphic Design Minor • CRJ 305 Crime Prevention (3 credits)
(18 credits)
• CRJ 311 Forensics (3 credits)
Required courses: • CRJ 306 Criminal Law & Procedure (3 credits)
• ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design (3 credits) • CRJ 320 Families & Domestic Violence
• ART 215 Computer Art I (3 credits) (3 credits)
• CGD 217 Survey of Graphic Communications • HIS 303 The American Constitution (3 credits)
(3 credits) • LIB 318 Peacemaking (3 credits)
• CGD 240 Media Writing and Editing (3 credits) • PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
• CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits) • PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits)
• CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits) • POL 303 The American Constitution (3 credits)
Computer Science Minor • SOC 305 Crime & Society (3 credits)
(22-23 credits)
• SOC 308 Racial & Ethnic Groups (3 credits)
Required courses: • SOC 312 Child, Family and Society (3 credits)
• INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits) • SOC 320 Public Policy and Social Services
• INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits) (3 credits)
• INF 331 IS Programming (3 credits)
• INF 431 Advanced IS Programming (3 credits) e-Business Minor
• MAT 351 Calculus I with Analytic Geometry (18 credits)
(4 credits) Required Courses:
• MAT 320 Discrete Mathematics (3 credits) • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
Choose one of the following (3-4 credits): (3 credits)
• MAT 352 Calculus II and Analytic Geometry • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
(4 credits) • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
• MAT 206/366 Linear Algebra (3 credits) • BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits)
• INF 322 Database Management Systems • CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits)
(3 credits) • CGD 253 Web Publishing (3 credits)
Additional degree requirement:
A student may be required to demonstrate competency
in programming if previous programming coursework

English and Communication Minor Choose 9 credits from the following:
(21 credits) • ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
This minor allows students in other majors an opportunity (3 credits)
to minor in the English and Communication area. • BIO 201 Microbiology (4 credits)
The minor has been consciously structured to allow
• BIO 210/310 Field Techniques Laboratory
considerable latitude in selecting courses. This way,
(4 credits)
students desiring a more literature-based program can
pattern the minor accordingly, while those seeking a • CHE 301 Organic Chemistry I (5 credits)
program emphasizing a more applied approach stressing • ENV/BIO 101 Humanity and the Environment
communication skills can do likewise by taking a different (4 credits)
array of courses.
• ENV/CHE 108 Introductory Environmental
Required courses: Chemistry (4 credits)
• ENG 223 Intermediate Composition (3 credits) • ENV 420 Environmental Internship (3 credits)
One upper-level speech: • LIB 318 Peacemaking: A Study of Conflict
• SPE 301 Oral Interpretation (3 credits) OR Resolution (INTD) (3 credits)
SPE 315 Business and Professional Speaking • LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives
(3 credits). (INTD) (3 credits)
15 credits (12 credits at 300-level or higher) • MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits)
• From any of the courses that satisfy track • PHI 310 Franciscanism Yesterday and Today
requirements in the English and Communication (3 credits)
major.
• PHY 105 Introduction to Physical Science
(4 credits) OR
Entrepreneurship Minor Any 100-level physical science course
(18 credits) *Division Seminars other than the Concentration Seminar
Required courses: must be approved by the Program Chair.
• BUS 362 Introduction to Entrepreneurship **Special topics must be approved by the Program Chair.
(3 credits)
• BUS 365 Creativity & Innovation (3 credits) Finance Minor
(18 credits)
• BUS 368 Venture Capital & Banking (3 credits)
Required courses:
• BUS 433 New Business Strategy (3 credits)
• BUS 435 Small Business Ventures (3 credits)
• BUS 215 Personal Financial Management
• BUS 437 Business Plan Development (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets
Environmental Studies Minor (3 credits)
(24 credits) • BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits)
Required courses: • BUS 405 Principles of Investments (3 credits)
• ENV/BIO 300 Environmental Biology (3 credits) • BUS 430 Finance Seminar (3 credits)
• ENV/BUS 345 Business and the Environment
(3 credits) Health Care Administration Minor
• ENV/POL 310 Environmental Policies (3 credits) (18 credits)
• LIB 301 Divisional Seminar* (3 credits) OR Required courses:
LIB 303 Concentration Seminar (3 credits) • HCA 305 U.S. Health Care System (3 credits)
• LIB 315 Environment and the Human Spirit • HCA 340 Managing Health and Human Services:
(INTD) (3 credits) An Interdisciplinary Approach (3 credits)

• HCA 322 Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Information Systems Minor
Select 3 courses from the following: • INF 220 IS Principles (3 credits)
• HCA 421 Health Care Planning (3 credits) • INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits)
• ACC 281 Accounting Concepts for Health Care • INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits)
Professionals (3 credits)
• INF 322 Database Management Systems
• HCA 311 Health Care Financing & Information (3 credits)
Systems (3 credits)
• INF 325 Telecommunications & Networking
• MGT 445 Human Resources Management Concepts (3 credits)
(3 credits)
(3 credits)
• HCA 375 Continuous Quality Monitoring and International Management Minor
Accreditation (3 credits) (18 credits)
• HCA 415 Community & Public Health • ECO 320 International Economics (3 credits)
(3 credits) • BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits)
• HCA 430 Special Populations (3 credits) • BUS 378 International Business Law (3 credits)
History Minor • BUS 439 International Human Resources
(18 credits) Management (3 credits)
• HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits) OR • BUS 450 International Finance (3 credits)
HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits)
• HIS 203 American History to 1865 (3 credits) Liberal Arts Minor
OR HIS 204 American History Since 1865 (18 credits)
(3 credits)
• HIS 303 The American Constitution (3 credits) Required courses:
• HIS 306 Twentieth-Century Europe (3 credits) • One Liberal Arts Seminar (3 credits) (From
the following Liberal Arts areas: fine arts,
• HIS 379 The Atlantic World (3 credits) humanities, science, or social science.)
• HIS 340 Recent American History (3 credits) • Two interdisciplinary (LIB) courses (6 credits)
Note: Campus students may substitute other upper-level • Three Liberal Arts courses (9 credits) beyond
HIS courses OR LIB 325 The Civil War in American the General Education requirements including
Culture (3 credits) for any or all of the upper-level at least two upper-division (300+) courses, and
requirements. courses from at least two Liberal Arts areas (e.g.,
fine arts, humanities, science, and social science).
Human Resources Management Minor
(18 credits) Marketing Minor
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations (18 credits)
• BUS 303 Human Resources Management • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• BUS 336 Marketing Strategy (3 credits)
• BUS 370 Organizational Development (3 credits)
• BUS 339 Marketing Research (3 credits)
• BUS 372 Employee & Labor Relations
(3 credits) • BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits)
• BUS 375 Employee Training (3 credits) • BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits)
• BUS 434 Compensation & Benefits Management
(3 credits)

Mathematics Minor • BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits) OR
(18 credits) MAT 332 Applied Statistics (3 credits)
• INF 336 Project Procurement Management
Required Courses: (3 credits)
• MAT 351 Calculus I with Analytic Geometry • INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits)
(4 credits)
• BUS 445 Total Quality Management (3 credits)
• MAT 352 Calculus II with Analytic Geometry
(4 credits) • BUS 446 Production Control (3 credits)
• MAT 353 Calculus III (4 credits)
• MAT 366 Linear Algebra (3 credits) Organizational Management Minor
(18 credits)
Choose 3 credits from the following:
Required Courses
• MAT 320 Discrete Mathematics (3 credits)
• MGT 415 Group Behavior in Organizations
• MAT 300 History of Mathematics (3 credits) (3 credits)
• MAT 362 Modern Algebras (3 credits) • MGT 435 Organizational Change (3 credits)
• MAT 364 Modern Geometries (3 credits) One Course in Management
Music Minor (3 credits)
(24 credits) One Course in Leadership
Required Courses: • LIB 125 Contemporary Issues in Organizational

Leadership (3 credits)
• MUS 101 Masterpieces of Music (3 credits)
• MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations
• MUS 105 Music Theory I (3 credits) (3 credits)
• MUS 106 Music Theory II (3 credits) One Course in Human Resources
• MUS 107 Ear Training/Sight Singing I (1 credit) • BUS 303 Human Resource Management
• MUS 108 Ear Training/Sight Singing II (1 credit) (3 credits)
• MUS 250 Conducting I (2 credits) One Course in Communication
• Ensemble: 4 semesters • SPE 315 Business and Professional Speaking
• Applied Music: 4 semesters (3 credits)
• ENG 315 Business and Professional
Choose 3 credits from the following: Communication (3 credits)
• MUS 255/355 Music in the United States • COM 425 Communication in Organizations
• MUS 257 The American Musical Theater
(3 credits)
Project Management Minor
• MUS 350 Music in Western Civilization I (18 credits)
(3 credits)
• INF 342 Project Quality Assurance (3 credits)
• MUS 351 Music in Western Civilization II
(3 credits) • INF 336 Project Procurement Management
(3 credits)
• LIB 327 World Music (INTD) (3 credits)
• INF 337 Integrated Cost and Schedule Control
• (3 credits)
Operations Management Minor • INF 338 Leadership & Communication Skills for
(18 credits)
Project Management (3 credits)
Required Courses
• BUS 307 Operations Management &

Psychology Minor Required courses (21 credits)
(18 credits) • LIB 307 Social Science Seminar: Race Relations
Required courses: in America (3 credits)
• PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits) • Interdisciplinary (LIB) course from the
multidisciplinary Social Science block of the
• PSY 331 Psychology of Learning (3 credits)
Social Science major.
• Five Social Science courses that include
Select 3 courses from the following: coursework in at least three Social Science
• PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits) disciplines (ANT, ECO, HIS, POL, PSY,
SOC). For purposes of clarification: a course
• PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits) cross-listed under a social science and a non-
• PSY 325 Statistics for Behavioral and Social Social Science discipline (e.g. ENV/POL 310
Sciences (3 credits) Environmental Policies) may be counted towards
• PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits) the minor even if formally taken under the non-
Social Science pre-fix (i.e., as ENV 310).
• PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology
(3 credits) Courses may also apply to General Education
requirements, but at least 15 of the 21 credits must be at
• PSY 304 Lifespan Development (3 credits) the 300-level or above.
• PSY 305 Sports Psychology (3 credits)
• PSY 311 Counseling Psychology (3 credits) Sociology Minor
• PSY 330 Theories of Personalities (3 credits) (18 credits)
• PSY 360 Survey of Mental Health (3 credits) • SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)
• PSY 361 Health Psychology (3 credits) • SOC 203 Social Problems (3 credits)
Public Administration Minor • SOC 305 Crime & Society (3 credits)
(18 credits) • SOC 308 Racial & Ethnic Groups (3 credits)
Please note: This minor is not available to students • SOC 312 Child, Family & Society (3 credits)
majoring in Public Administration.
• PPA 301 Principles of Public Administration Sports and Recreation Management Minor
• PPA 305 Budgeting for Public Administrators • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• PPA 401 Urban Management (3 credits) (3 credits)
• PPA 403 Administrative Law (3 credits) • BUS 303 Human Resource Management
• PPA 405 Personnel Management (3 credits) (3 credits)
• PPA 497 Public Policy Formation (3 credits) • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
• SOC 318 Sociology of Sport (3 credits)
Social Science Minor • SRM 410 Contemporary Issues in Sports and
The Social Science minor provides an opportunity for Recreation Management (3 credits)
students in other majors to pattern their electives in such
a way as to demonstrate a basic familiarity with the social
sciences. This will allow them to present themselves to
Visual Art Minor
(18 credits)
prospective employers or graduate programs as having
pursued a well-rounded undergraduate education and as Required courses:
having a familiarity with disciplines that help to explain
• ART 101 Art Appreciation (3 credits) OR
the human condition.
ART 200/300 Art Appreciation II: Modern Art
(3 credits)

• ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design (3 credits) • CRJ 463 Contemporary Corrections Issues
• ART 105 Drawing I (3 credits) (3 credits)
• ART 207 Painting I (3 credits) • CRJ 465 Corrections & Incarceration (3 credits)
• CRJ 467 Probation & Parole (3 credits)
Choose 6 credits from the following:
• ART 204 Three-Dimensional Design/Sculpture
(3 credits) Entrepreneurship Specialization
(12 credits)
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting, Business
• ART 211/311 Ceramics I/II (3 credits) Administration, Health Care Administration, and Sports
• ART 215/315 Computer Art I/II (3 credits) and Recreation Management degree programs only.
• ART 220 Printmaking I (3 credits) • BUS 362 Introduction to Entrepreneurship
• ART 225 Printmaking I (3 credits) (3 credits)
• ART 307 Painting II (3 credits) • BUS 365 Creativity & Innovation (3 credits)
• ART 320 Printmaking II (3 credits) • BUS 368 Venture Capital & Banking (3 credits)
• ART 325 Photography II (3 credits) • BUS 437 Business Plan Development (3 credits)
• CGD 217 Survey of Graphic Communications
(3 credits) Finance Specialization
• CGD 303 Publication Design (3 credits) (12 credits)
Administration, Health Care Administration, and Sports
Specializations and Recreation Management degree programs only.
A specialization is an area of study that supplements • BUS 215 Personal Financial Management
select undergraduate majors. Students begin specialization (3 credits)
coursework following successful completion of the major • ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets
capstone. Students must declare a specialization prior (3 credits)
to completion of program requirements. A student may
not enroll in any undergraduate specialization that has a • BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits)
course overlap with any declared major(s). • BUS 405 Principles of Investments (3 credits)
Business Economics Specialization Forensics Specialization

Available for Bachelor of Arts in Accounting degree Available in Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal
program only. Justice degree program only.
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics • CRJ 451 Homicide Investigation & Evidence
(3 credits) Gathering (3 credits)
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets • CRJ 453 Criminal Profiling (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• CRJ 455 Criminal Law (3 credits)
• CRJ 457 Forensic Evidence & the Law
• ECO 406 Business Cycles & Growth (3 credits) (3 credits)
Corrections Management Specialization History Specialization

Available for Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal Available in Bachelor of Arts in Social Science degree
Justice degree program only. program only.
• CRJ 461 Corrections Administration & • HIS 379 The Atlantic World (3 credits)
Management (3 credits)
• HIS 340 Recent American History (3 credits)

• HIS 342 The Middle East (3 credits) • BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits)
• HIS 331 World War II (3 credits) • BUS 403 International Business (3 credits)
• BUS 450 International Finance (3 credits)
Homeland Security Specialization
(12 credits) Marketing Specialization
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal (12 credits)
Justice degree program only. Available in Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
• CRJ 441 Homeland Defense (3 credits) and Sports and Recreation Management degree programs
• CRJ 443 Intelligence & Homeland Security only.
(3 credits) • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
• CRJ 445 Consequence Management: Terrorism • BUS 339 Marketing Research (3 credits)
Preparation & Response (3 credits) • BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits)
• CRJ 447 Homeland Security Organization • BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits)
(3 credits)
Human Resources Operations Management Specialization

Management Specialization (12 credits)
(12 credits) Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting and Business
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration Administration degree programs only.
and Health Care Administration degree programs only. • BUS 307 Operations Management &
• BUS 370 Organizational Development (3 credits) Quantitative Techniques (3 credits)
• BUS 372 Employee & Labor Relations • INF 336 Project Procurement Management
• BUS 375 Employee Training (3 credits) • BUS 445 Total Quality Management (3 credits)
• BUS 434 Compensation & Benefits Management • BUS 446 Production Control (3 credits)
(3 credits)
Political Science and
Information Systems Specialization Government Specialization
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting, Business Available in Bachelor of Arts in History, Social and
Administration, Health Care Administration, Public Criminal Justice, Social Science and Sociology degree
Relations and Marketing and Sports and Recreation programs only.
Management degree programs only. • POL 319 State & Local Government (3 credits)
• INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits) • POL 310 Environmental Policies (3 credits)
• INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits) • POL 355 International Relations (3 credits)
• INF 322 Database Management Systems • POL 411 Political Behavior (3 credits)
(3 credits)
Concepts (3 credits)
Project Management Specialization
(12 credits)
International Management Specialization Administration, Health Care Administration, Public
(12 credits) Relations and Marketing, and Sports and Recreation
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting, Business Management degree programs only.
Administration, Health Care Administration, and Public • INF 342 Project Quality Assurance (3 credits)
Relations and Marketing degree programs only. • INF 336 Project Procurement Management
• ECO 320 International Economics (3 credits) (3 credits)

• INF 337 Integrated Cost & Schedule Control
(3 credits)
Public Administration Specialization

(12 credits)
Administration, and Health Care Administration degree
programs only.
• PPA 301 Principles of Public Administration
(3 credits)
• PPA 305 Budgeting for Public Administrators
(3 credits)
• PPA 401 Urban Management (3 credits)
• PPA 497 Public Policy Formation (3 credits)
Security Management Specialization

(12 credits)
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal
Justice degree program only.
• CRJ 433 Principle and Theory of Security Issues
(3 credits)
• CRJ 435 Evaluation of Security Programs
(3 credits)
• CRJ 437 Contemporary Issues in Security
• CRJ 439 Security Administration (3 credits)
Sports and Recreation

Management Specialization
(12 credits)
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration
degree program only.
• SRM 410 Contemporary Issues in Sports
Marketing & Management (3 credits)

The online and accelerated evening (ASPIRE) programs
offered at Ashford University are managed by the Center
for External Studies. The Center works closely with the
Section Eight academic colleges in program development of online and
ASPIRE programs and provides the necessary operational
support to implement and manage these programs. These
programs serve adult and distance learners seeking
Associate, Bachelor’s, and Master’s degrees from Ashford
University.
Grounded in the principles of adult learning and
established to address the unique needs of mature
and distance learners, the Center for External Studies
recognizes the aspirations and qualities of self-
directedness and serious motivation that broadly
characterize working adults who seek college degrees.
Programs offered through the Center for External Studies,
therefore, provide diverse and alternative ways for such
individuals to earn and accumulate credits to be used in
completing baccalaureate degrees.
Besides offering online and ASPIRE courses that are
accelerated and conveniently scheduled, the Center for
External Studies administers assessment activities to
Center for determine college-level credit that adult learners may

have already achieved. Alternative sources of credit at
External Studies
the undergraduate level may include credit for
experiential learning, military training, sponsored
professional training, advanced placement, and national
Undergraduate testing programs.
Programs Center for External Studies

Undergraduate Programs
Bachelor of Arts
• Communication Studies
• Health Care Studies
• History
• Liberal Arts
• Political Science and Government
• Psychology
• Social Science
• Social Science with Education Concentration
• Sociology
139
External Studies Undergraduate Programs
College of Business and Competencies
Professional Studies Students must meet the following competencies:
Associate of Arts • Ability to access course and program material
• Business on the Internet; and
Bachelor of Arts • Ability to correspond with University staff,
• Accounting students, and faculty using email and the
Internet.
• Business Administration
• Business Economics System Requirements
• Business Information Systems The following minimum system configuration and
software are required:
• Organizational Management
• Platforms: Mac OS X 10.2 or higher or Windows
• Public Administration 2000, NT, XP or higher;
• Public Relations and Marketing • Hardware: 256 Mb RAM, CD-ROM, and 1 Gb
• Sports and Recreation Management free disk space;
• Productivity Software: Microsoft Word,
College of Education PowerPoint, Excel, and Adobe Acrobat;
Bachelor of Arts
• Web Browser: Firefox, Netscape 6 or higher,
• Early Childhood Education Internet Explorer 5.5 or higher, Safari, or Opera;
• Early Childhood Education Administration • Networking: 56k dialup modem, DSL, or
Cable modem;
• Email: Outlook, Outlook Express, Mac
Academic Policies Mail, Eudora, Entourage, or Yahoo/Hotmail/
and Procedures Googlemail.
Note: The following policies and procedures apply to
all undergraduate programs offered through the Center Employment Services
for External Studies. Please refer to the Program Details Ashford University does not guarantee employment to any
section for program-specific policies and procedures. applicant as a condition of their application, acceptance,
or attendance in any program. Ashford University does not
Program Enrollment promote employment services or make student referrals
Initial enrollment in courses offered by the Center for to prospective employers based on direct contact with the
External Studies, both online and on-campus, is arranged employer regarding current job openings to any student
through a University Enrollment Advisor. New online attending Ashford University online programs.
students should contact an Enrollment Advisor to register.
It is the student’s responsibility to officially register for the Academic Advisement
program course of study. After initial enrollment, students Ashford University’s Center for External Studies has
will work with their Academic Advisors to register, add supportive faculty and staff members who work with
courses, or change their course schedule. Any change in each student to help support the student’s success at the
the original registration must be communicated to the University. Advising is managed by a staff Academic
student’s Academic Advisor. Major changes in a student’s Advisor and based on academic policies set by faculty
schedule may necessitate completion of a new Admissions and operational procedures that uphold consistency and
Application and Enrollment Agreement. service to students.
An Academic Advisor is assigned to each degree-
Technology Requirements seeking student upon enrollment. This approach provides
It is our intent to assist students and to prepare them students with an available point of contact for academic
for their coursework at Ashford University. Therefore, and administrative direction. The advisor assists the
technology competencies and requirements have been student in course scheduling/registration, developing a
established. These requirements are in effect for all degree-completion plan, and clarifying university policies
Ashford University applicants and existing students. and procedures.

Degree-Seeking Student Classifications offerings and the unique nature of the online classroom
environment.
Class Level:
Freshman: 0–23 credits earned Course Drop
Sophomore: 24−47 credits earned To drop from a course(s), a student must contact his or
her assigned Enrollment Advisor, Academic Advisor, or
Junior: 48–71 credits earned
other advisor within the Admissions or Student Services
Senior: 72+ credits earned Departments. Students who officially drop from a course
or courses during the add/drop period, which is before
Registration the conclusion of the first 10% of the total number of
Initial registration and student scheduling is a one-time instructional weeks of attendance, will have that course
process based upon the information provided to Ashford removed from their academic transcripts.
University in the Admission Application. The student’s Drop Deadlines:
initial schedule is based upon the student’s desired start
date and program of study, in conjunction with previous • 6-week course = Week 1
education. Initial registration occurs in consultation • 5-week course = Week 1
with an Enrollment Advisor. Upon completion of initial
• 3-week course = Day 3
registration, students have access, via the Student Portal,
to their individual course schedules and the dates of each Students who officially drop or are administratively
course for which they are registered. dropped from a course after 10% and prior to the last 75%
Once the admission file is completed and the student
grade of “W” in the course. Students who officially drop
receives full admission to the University, student
or are administratively dropped from a course after 75%
schedules are adjusted by the student’s Academic Advisor,
of the total instructional time will receive a grade of “WF”
in consultation with the student, to accommodate courses
in the course.
applied in transfer. It is the student’s responsibility to
review his or her schedule regularly through the Student
Portal and to notify the Academic Advisor to initiate any
Official Program Withdrawal
Students wishing to officially withdraw from Ashford
schedule changes.
University must notify their assigned Enrollment Advisor,
Academic Advisor, or other advisor within the Admissions
Schedule Changes, Program Changes, or Student Services Departments. Students choosing
and Course Cancellation to notify their Academic Advisors verbally of their intent
Ashford University reserves the right to make adjustments to withdraw may be asked to fill out a written request
to student schedules including, but not limited to, course to withdraw. Please refer to drop policies for grade
dates, sequence, and delivery modality (on-campus/ implications when not meeting attendance requirements.
classroom, accelerated/campus, or accelerated/online), Students who are dropped for not meeting attendance
as deemed necessary by University administration. requirements and do not attend class within 29 days of
Registration in a particular course section or with a their last date of attendance will be administratively
specific instructor is not guaranteed. withdrawn.
Ashford University may cancel or postpone courses or The student must resolve any financial obligations to
programs, as deemed necessary by the University. In such Ashford University before receiving an official transcript
situations, the University will work with students in an from the Office of the Registrar.
effort to provide them with the opportunity to reschedule
or to transfer to a comparable University course or
program, if available. Any payments made for canceled
General Transfer Credit
courses will be refunded or applied to another University
Provisions and Limitations
Ashford has developed its Center for External Studies
course or program.
to serve adult and distance learners through innovative
The University will make a reasonable attempt to notify online programs and to allow accessibility through
affected students through various communication high transfer of credit, in keeping with the University’s
methods. mission: affordable, accessible, innovative and high-
quality education.
Auditing of Courses Students are responsible for reviewing their scheduled
The Center for External Studies does not allow course
courses with their Academic Advisor and informing him/
auditing due to the accelerated nature of course
her of any courses that they believe are duplicative or

equivalent in content to previously completed coursework in terms of curriculum. Courses similar in content and
or nontraditional learning. Students may submit level will be accepted as equivalents to University courses
official transcripts to Ashford University for review of based on the following criteria along with any program
transfer credits at any time. However, transfer credit specific criteria:
and/or nontraditional credit is not retroactive. Credits • Transfer credits must have been completed as
submitted and evaluated will not be accepted if they are part of a degree program and must carry college-
duplicative of course work already earned at Ashford level academic credit (generally, 100-level or
University, through transfer of credit, or nontraditional higher). Remedial or developmental course
credit. Students are fully responsible for any charges for credit is not transferable.
duplicative coursework taken at Ashford University.
• Credits must have been earned with grade
Ashford University will provide unofficial pre- of “C-” or better from regionally accredited
evaluation of transfer credit upon request of the student and selected nationally accredited colleges or
and submission of unofficial transcripts. This service universities. Transfer credits will generally
is intended to assist the student in determining how be evaluated from each college or university
many transfer credits are likely to apply to an Ashford independently.
University degree and if transfer credit is equivalent
to Ashford University courses prior to submission • A maximum of 9 credits with a “D” grade are
and evaluation of official transcripts. Pre-evaluation transferable as long as the student’s cumulative
of transfer credit prior to the submission of official overall GPA is 2.0 or above. “D” credits cannot
transcripts is NEVER a guarantee that a certain number of be applied toward the major or toward General
transfer credits will officially apply towards the student’s Education competencies.
specific degree program. • Credits from international institutions will be
Once official transfer credit evaluation is completed, accepted based on a detailed evaluation from an
students are responsible for reviewing their degree audits approved evaluation service.
and notifying their Academic Advisors of any perceived • Transfer credit may not be granted when it
discrepancies between credits completed and credits duplicates college credit previously earned.
applied in transfer. Credit will not be given for the same learning
Duplication and Regression: It is the student’s twice.
responsibility to make sure that transfer credits, • Unless special conditions exist, upper-division
nontraditional learning, and/or Ashford University courses will not be considered equivalent or
coursework does not duplicate previous credit earned. A duplicative of lower-division courses.
student may not earn credit by examination, nontraditional • The Center for External Studies places no
learning or transfer credits in an area in which he or she general age limit on transfer credit from
has completed an equivalent course/exam. Generally, a regionally accredited and selected nationally
student may not earn credit by examination, nontraditional accredited institutions, with possible exceptions
learning or transfer credits in an area in which he or she in subject areas where there has been significant
has already a completed course of similar level, or one change. Requirements are noted in specific in
that is more advanced in content level. Ashford University degree/major requirements.
degree-seeking students, should check with their
Academic Advisor to determine if credits taken outside of • Graduate-level credits cannot be applied to
Ashford University will fit into their academic plan and undergraduate degrees.
not duplicate previous credit awarded. • A quarter credit hour taken in transfer will be
Applicants and/or students who have questions concerning equated to two-thirds of a semester hour. When
their transfer credit evaluation and/or official degree audit quarter credits are used as equivalencies to
should contact their Academic Advisor to discuss their General Education requirements, the difference
concerns. Students requesting re-evaluation of specific in required credits must be earned through
transfer credits will be directed to the Transfer Credit completion of coursework necessary to achieve
Appeal form in the Student Portal at www.ashford.edu the total required credits for graduation. For
and may be required to submit course descriptions and/ example: A 3-quarter-credit course may be
or syllabi for the previous courses to be reviewed by the accepted as meeting General Education core
Office of the Registrar. or competency requirements but will equate to
2.00 credits. Therefore, one additional credit of
Transfer credits will be officially evaluated, based on coursework will be needed to meet graduation
review of official transcripts by the Office of the Registrar, requirements. A minimum of 5 quarter credits in

Natural Science is required to meet the Physical Specifically, nontraditional learning will be defined
World requirement. as follows:
• Limitations on the number and type of transfer • Credit from a National Testing Program;
credits accepted are set by each Ashford • Credit carrying ACE- or PONSI-recommended
University degree program. credits; and
• Introductory courses, such as PSY 202 and EXP • Credit earned through the Ashford Prior Learning
105, and Capstone courses must be taken at Assessment Center (PLA).
Ashford University.
Nationally accredited institutions granted accreditation Prior Learning Assessment (PLA)
by the following accrediting agencies will be considered The Ashford University Prior Learning Assessment
in transfer: program allows students pursuing an Associate of Arts
• Association of Advanced Rabbinical and in Business or a baccalaureate degree the opportunity to
Talmudic Schools, Accreditation Commission earn credit for college-level learning that occurs outside a
(AARTS); traditional classroom setting. PLA credit cannot be applied
at the graduate-level. The program is managed through
• Association of Biblical Higher Education the Center for External Studies and complies fully with
(ABHE, formerly known as AABC); the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (CAEL)
• Accrediting Commission for Career Schools/ standards for excellence.
Colleges of Technology (ACCSCT, formerly Students may earn credit through the Prior Learning
known as NATTS or CCA-ACICS); Assessment program in two ways:
• Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges Through Sponsored Professional Training: Students
and Schools (ACICS, formerly known as AICS may participate in the Sponsored Professional Training
or CCAACICS); component of PLA by providing the following
• Association of Theological Schools in the documentation:
United States and Canada, Commission on • Evidence of successful completion
Accrediting (ATS); (official certificate or letter)
• Council on Occupational Education (COE, • Evidence of length of course
formerly known as SACS-COEI); (number of contact hours)
• Distance Education and Training Council, • Evidence of course content (syllabus, handouts)
Accrediting Commission (DETC, formerly
known as NHSC); • Contact information for course instructor/work
supervisor (current phone/email)
• Transnational Association of Christian Colleges
and Schools, Accreditation Commission • Credit Rationale Paper (1-page paper) for each
(TRACS); and submission/topic
• Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools Ashford University faculty will evaluate the submission
(ABHES). of Sponsored Professional Training for evidence of
college-level learning applicable to the student’s Ashford
Nontraditional Credits University degree program. Applicable fees for evaluation
The Center for External Studies recognizes the uniqueness of Sponsored Professional Training are listed in Section
of each student’s experience and realizes that learning Four of this Catalog. Payment for evaluation is charged
takes place in a variety of environments. Up to 75 per credit submitted for evaluation and does not guarantee
nontraditional credits can be awarded in three ways: that credit will be awarded.
through national testing programs, through national Through Experiential Learning: Students may participate
credit recommendations, and through prior learning in the experiential learning component by first enrolling in
assessment. Nontraditional learning may not be applied the experiential learning course, EXP 200 Fundamentals
at the graduate-level, with the exception of ACE credits. of Adult Learning. EXP 200 is a 3-credit elective course,
Students in the Associate of Arts in Business program and per-credit tuition is charged at the regular rate outlined
must meet the 18 credit residency requirement, regardless in the current tuition and fee schedule. Upon successful
of the number of nontraditional credits they apply towards completion of EXP 200, students may submit one or
their degree. more experiential essays for review. Ashford University
faculty will evaluate the experiential essay submission

for evidence of college-level learning applicable to the Academic Calendar
student’s Ashford University degree program. Additional The academic calendar for the Associate of Arts program
charges apply per evaluation submitted, as outlined in the is continuous:
tuition and fee schedule in Section Four of this Catalog.
• In a five-week course format, students typically
Payment for evaluation is charged per essay submitted
take one course at a time and move to the next
for evaluation and does not guarantee that credit will be
course in the program sequence without a break.
awarded.
• There is an annual two-week Winter break when
Students may participate in one or both PLA components
courses are not scheduled. The Winter break for
depending on their experience, background, and need.
2009-2010 occurs from December 23, 2009 to
Prior Learning Assessment credit awarded at another January 4, 2010.
regionally or approved nationally accredited institution
may be transferred to Ashford University with the Admission Requirements for the
approval of the Ashford University Registrar and the Associate of Arts Degree
Director of the Center for External Studies. In order to be • Have a regular high-school diploma earned
applied toward an Ashford University degree, transcript through college preparatory or regular high
records must include PLA subject area and/or content school courses or GED equivalency recognized
information. Students may also be required to submit the by the Department of Education of the state
original PLA documentation. Such transfer credit counts in which it was earned, completed secondary
toward the nontraditional credit maximum applicable in a school through home schooling as defined by
degree program. state law, or earned an equivalent to a US high
Note: Prior Learning Assessment applies to students school diploma at an international high school.
pursuing Associate of Arts in Business and baccalaureate An earned IEP or Special Education Diploma or
degrees. It does not apply to students pursuing a Master’s Certificate of Completion based upon IEP goals
degree or non-degree seeking students. To be eligible for does not meet the regular high school diploma
PLA, Associate of Arts in Business students must be fully requirement for admission to Ashford University.
admitted, satisfy the English proficiency requirement, Qualified applicants will self-certify as to
and successfully complete EXP 105. Bachelor’s degree their high school education on the application
students must be fully admitted and successfully complete for admission. Ashford University may also
PSY 202. Please read the nontraditional credit provisions require, at its discretion, that an applicant or
and limitations for more information in this section of the student provide a high school transcript, high
Catalog. school diploma, and/or evidence of passing
the GED. If no high school degree was earned,
applicants may be admitted with a minimum of
Associate of Arts in Business 60 transferable credits from an appropriately
Program Details accredited postsecondary institution as defined
by Ashford University transfer credit policies.
The Associate of Arts in Business program is designed
• Have access to a computer with an Internet
to prepare students in entry-level work in business
connection for the Web-based programs and
organizations. All credits in the Associate of Arts in
meet the minimum technology and minimum
Business program are transferable to the Ashford
computer skills, abilities, features, system
University Bachelor degree programs. The Associate of
configurations, hardware, and software outlined
Arts in Business program will provide basic proficiency
in this Catalog.
skills necessary for entering the field of business and will
allow students to develop a broad personal perspective and • Applicants under the age of 18 must have all
world view and to focus on professional competencies that legal documents signed by a parent or a legal
are essential to success in the workplace. The Associate guardian, including the signature page for the
of Arts in Business program is a 61-credit program online application.
that includes completion of current Ashford University • Have the ability to study in English indicated by
General Education requirements. No on-campus residency one of the following:
will be required for graduation, but at least 18 credits • Achieved a recognized high school diploma
included in the degree must be Ashford University credits. or equivalent in which the primary language
of instruction was English;
• Received a GED that was taken in English;

• A minimum of 30 transferable credits* have for students who have signed a Transcript
been earned from regionally or approved Request form.);
nationally accredited colleges/universities in • Military credits evaluated for equivalency
the United States or equivalent in which the to college credits. (The Ashford University
primary language of instruction was Registrar’s Office staff will manage the
English; or request of military transcripts for students
• Test of English as a Foreign Language who have signed the appropriate Transcript
(TOEFL) examination taken within the past Request form.); and
two (2) years. A minimum score of 173 • Official documentation of any postsecondary
computer-based, 500 paper based, or 61 credit previously earned through examination
Internet based is required. Copies of official or credit earned through non-collegiate
scores must be submitted prior to provisional instruction the students intends to have
enrollment, and official scores must be evaluated for applicability to Ashford
submitted for full admission. University program requirements (must be
* Satisfying the English Language Requirement does not requested by the student).
exempt a student who earned his/her high school diploma • Official TOEFL scores, if required for admission.
outside of the United States from the additional admission
requirements for international applicants.
Additional Admission Requirements
for International Applicants
Provisional Admission The following requirements are applicable to international
Status Requirements applicants and applicants relying on academic credentials
Students are provisionally admitted to an undergraduate earned outside the United States for admission to the
degree program when they submit a completed application programs offered through the Center for External Studies.
indicating that they meet admission requirements outlined
for that program, along with the appropriate application
Provisional Admission Status Requirements
fee. Students who then enroll in courses are considered
In addition to the requirements for provisional admission
regular students in their degree program. However,
outlined in the admission policy for undergraduate
students who do not meet all requirements for full
programs in the Center for External Studies, copies
admission by the conclusion of the fourth (4th) attempted
of documentation indicating that the student meets
Ashford University course are disqualified and are
the following admission requirements are required for
withdrawn from the program.
provisional admission:
Full Admission Status Requirements • Submit copies of an official evaluation from
The following provisions must be met prior to the an approved evaluation service indicating
conclusion of the fourth (4th) attempted Ashford that the student has met one of the following
University course. To start the fifth (5th) course, students requirements:
must complete all the requirements outlined below and • A minimum of 60 transferable credits from
pay all required tuition, fees, and applicable taxes due an appropriately accredited post-secondary
to Ashford University. Students who do not meet all institution, as defined by Ashford University
requirements are disqualified and withdrawn from the transfer credit policies
program. • A record of having achieved the equivalency
• Submission of official transcripts from all of a United States high school diploma.
postsecondary education previously attempted • All academic records from countries other than
or a signed Authorization to Close form for the United States must have been evaluated by
any official transcripts the student is unable to one of the following evaluation services:
provide. Postsecondary education includes all of
the following: Educational Credentials Evaluators, Inc. (ECE);
OR
• College or university transcripts and World Education Services (WES).
transcripts from any other regionally or
approved nationally accredited postsecondary Note: Students who have already had their international
educational institution attended. (The Ashford credentials evaluated prior to making application to
University Registrar’s Office staff will Ashford University may petition the University Registrar
manage the request of college transcripts for acceptance of evaluations from other credible
agencies.
Full Admission Status Requirement Associate of Arts
In addition to the requirements for full admission outlined Progression Requirement
in the admission policy for undergraduate programs in the Associate of Arts students entering the University are
Center for External Studies, international students must required to successfully complete EXP 105 Personal
submit an official evaluation sent direct directly from an Dimensions of Education in their first five-week block.
approved evaluation service indicating that the student Unsuccessful completion of EXP 105 will result in the
meets full admission requirements (student copies are rescheduling of the course and revision of future course
not accepted) prior to the conclusion of the fourth (4th) sequence. EXP 105 satisfies an Associate of Arts core
attempted Ashford University course. To start the fifth program requirement and cannot be replaced or waived
(5th) course, international students must complete this by transfer credit. Students transferring from an Ashford
requirement or they will be disqualified and withdrawn University Bachelor’s program may waive EXP 105 if
from the program. they have successfully completed PSY 202. Associate
of Arts students will be registered, per the program of
enrollment indicated on their Admissions Application, for
Associate of Arts the full Associate of Arts program course sequence.
Academic Policies Students may request changes to course registration
in writing to their Enrollment Advisor or Academic
Transfer Credit and Nontraditional Credit Advisor and should include any appropriate supporting
Provisions and Limitations documentation. It is the student’s responsibility to inform
• Students in the Associate of Arts program may his or her Enrollment Advisor and Academic Advisor, in
apply up to 30 credits of nontraditional credit writing, of potential equivalent transfer courses and to
toward degree completion. provide appropriate supporting documentation prior to
each course start date.
• A maximum of 40 credits of combined
nontraditional learning and transfer credits may
be accepted and applied towards the 61 credits Credit Maximum Policy
required for the Associate of Arts degree. A maximum of 36 credits may be attempted per academic
year. Students may appeal in writing to the Provost for
• Students who transfer in General Education an increase to a maximum of 48 credits attempted per
courses or transfer from an Ashford Bachelor’s academic year.
program will be required to complete all of the
course requirements for the Associate of Arts Concurrent Enrollment Policy
program, even if the student transfers in 61 • Concurrent course registration may occur when
credits or more. the student is fully admitted and has completed
• Students may not use nontraditional credits or his or her first two courses.
transfer credits to waive the EXP 105 or the • Student must be meeting Satisfactory Academic
Capstone course. Progress requirements.
• Prior learning assessment (PLA) can be applied • Payment for concurrent courses is not deferred
to the Associate of Arts program on a course and must be paid for in advance of the course
match basis. Associate of Arts students must start date.
complete EXP 105 and satisfy the English
Proficiency requirement before they can apply • Concurrent course registration cannot violate
for PLA. PLA cannot be used to waive EXP 105 progression or prerequisite requirements.
or the Capstone course. • At no time may a student attend more than two
Ashford University courses concurrently in
Associate of Arts Residency Requirements online or ASPIRE modalities.
Students enrolling into the Associate of Arts degree • Concurrent enrollment in other Ashford
program must successfully complete a minimum of University programs or course formats is
eighteen (18) credits of Ashford University courses and not allowed for students enrolled in the
all other program requirements for degree completion. Associate of Arts program.
Credits earned through Prior Learning Assessment are not
included in the 18-credit calculation.

Associate of Arts Online Course Absence should contact the Financial Aid Office
Attendance Policy to discuss the impact on financial aid eligibility.
Students taking online classes are expected to attend each At the point a student withdraws or falls below
week. Students are required to log in to each online course at least half-time enrollment status, student loan
by Tuesday during the week in which the course officially grace/repayment periods begin.
begins and to complete the initial introductory postings • Leave of Absence Requests must be signed and
required in the course. Students must log in at least one submitted on or before the last day of class
additional day during the first week of the course. Students attendance. Requests submitted after the last day
must log in on two separate days each subsequent week of of attendance require an explanation. Requests
the course to meet attendance requirements. submitted greater than 29 days after last date of
Students who fail to meet these attendance requirements attendance will not be approved.
in a given week of the course will be given an absence • Students who do not return from an approved
for that week. Students should contact the instructor in LOA will be withdrawn from the University as of
advance and make arrangements to complete the required their last date of documented attendance.
assignments. Acceptance of late work is at the discretion • Students experiencing extreme temporary
of the instructor. Students who fail to meet the attendance hardship that limits their ability to return to
requirements for a second week in the course will be school within the period of their approved leave
administratively dropped from the course retroactive to may contact their Academic Advisor or the
the last date of recorded attendance. Required courses Financial Aid Office to discuss potential options
must then be repeated. prior to expiration of their approved Leave of
Limited exceptions to attendance requirements based on Absence. In such cases, a second LOA may
exceptional circumstances, such as military deployment, be requested during the last 30 days of their
may be made. Please refer to drop policies for grade approved LOA.
implications when not meeting attendance requirements.
Students who are dropped for not meeting attendance Associate of Arts Satisfactory Academic
requirements and do not attend class within 29 days of Progress Policy (SAP)
their last date of attendance will be administratively We are dedicated to the academic success of our students.
withdrawn. In this vein, the following policy update outlines the
academic requirements for Ashford University external
Note: New students who do not meet attendance
studies programs and describes how they will be measured
requirements for the first week of their first course will
to ensure that students are making satisfactory academic
be administratively dropped from the course and must
progress toward successful degree completion.
work with their Enrollment Advisor to reschedule their
enrollment in the program. Non-Term-Based Program Measures
• Week = 7 calendar days
Leave of Absence Policy
Although Ashford University encourages continuous • Course/Block = 5 weeks of instructional time
enrollment from the time of matriculation through • Academic Year Definition = 40 weeks of
graduation for all students, from time to time instructional time; 24 earned credits
circumstances may warrant a short break in enrollment.
Students who take a break of 29 days or less remain • Financial Aid Payment Period = Minimum 12
continuously enrolled and are classified as full-time. earned credits; 20 weeks of instructional time
Students who need to request a break in enrollment that • Satisfactory Academic Progress Increment = 12
is longer than 29 days may request a Leave of Absence attempted credits
(LOA). • Full-Time Enrollment = Students who remain
• Students are limited to no more than two (2) continuously enrolled, including breaks of 29
Leaves of Absence within a 12-month period. days or less, in non-term-based programs are
• Each LOA cannot exceed a total of 90 days and classified as full-time
cannot exceed an annual limit of 180 days.
• The start date of the LOA is based on the last Satisfactory Academic Progress Standards
date of documented attendance. Students must meet the following minimum qualitative
and quantitative standards to make satisfactory academic
• Students who are requesting a leave of absence progress:
must complete a Leave of Absence Request form.
A financial aid student considering a Leave of • Minimum cumulative GPA in Ashford University

coursework for all undergraduate students = 2.00. aid will be eligible to receive Title IV financial
Cumulative GPA includes all undergraduate level aid while on their first academic probation.
coursework attempted at Ashford University, • At the conclusion of the first academic
excluding grades of Pass, I, or W. Only the latter probation period, students who do not meet the
grade is counted when a course is repeated. No requirements for satisfactory academic progress
grades are recorded or counted toward GPA for may be dismissed from the University.
transfer credits or prior learning credits.
• Successful Completion Rate = 67% or 2/3 of Appeal of Academic Dismissal
all attempted credits Attempted undergraduate Students who have shown marked improvement and/
credits are all course attempts recorded on the or who have experienced extreme temporary hardship
academic transcript; repeated courses are not during the first probationary period, but have not met the
excluded. Grades that count negatively against requirements for satisfactory academic progress, may
successful completion rates include I, W, WF, appeal to the University Registrar to take up to twelve
and F. (12) additional credits of coursework for their second
• Successful completion of all program academic probation.
requirements within 150% of the normal length Students granted an appeal for a second-term probation
of the program as measured in credits. may be required to retake coursework previously
• Grade points earned at another college are not completed in order to increase the likelihood of
used in the computation of the grade point successfully meeting satisfactory academic progress and/
average at Ashford University. or graduation requirements. These requirements may
affect the student’s eligibility for financial aid funds.
Satisfactory Academic Progress In rare circumstances, students who have been dismissed
Review and Evaluation from the University after a first- or second-term probation
Satisfactory Academic Progress is reviewed in twelve (12) for failure to meet satisfactory academic progress
credit increments. Students will be evaluated against both requirements may be readmitted after one or more
qualitative and quantitative standards at the conclusion of years have elapsed since their last date of attendance.
every twelve (12) attempted credits. Students must appeal to the Registrar for readmission
and must present compelling evidence that they have
Probation, Appeal, and Dismissal the ability to succeed in an academic program due to
Probationary periods provide an opportunity for students changed circumstances, experience, and/or successful
to improve academic performance and to meet overall completion of college level credits during the period of
requirements for degree completion. Students on absence. Students who are approved by the Registrar and
probation should meet with their Academic Advisors to appropriate Dean, Vice President of Academic Affairs,
discuss course scheduling and to plan for remediation. or Provost for readmission after dismissal will be on
Please contact the Ashford University Registrar with academic probation, and will be required to meet specific
any questions concerning the requirements outlined in academic requirements outlined in writing from the
this policy. This policy will be applied to all coursework Registrar in order to return to good standing. Failure to
attempted at Ashford University, regardless of date meet specific requirements will result in dismissal without
attempted. the opportunity for readmission.
• Students who do not meet the minimum • The appeal must be made prior to the student’s
requirements for making satisfactory academic enrollment in any classes that begin after the
progress at the time of evaluation are placed on initial probationary period.
academic probation for the following twelve (12) • The written appeal must include a reasonable
credit increment. explanation for the student’s academic
• Students will be given up to 12 credits of performance to date, which may include
attempted coursework to meet the requirements mitigating circumstances such as student injury/
for satisfactory academic progress. All illness, death of a student’s family member,
coursework attempted after the term during or other reasons resulting in undue hardship
which the student did not meet satisfactory to the student and a plan for completion of the
academic progress will be counted as a part of coursework required for removal from probation
the first-term probationary period. Students who during the following term.
are otherwise eligible to receive Title IV financial

• Appeals will be evaluated by a committee made *In this program, 9 credits from the core may also satisfy
up of the University Registrar, or an Associate General Education requirements.
Registrar, and an Academic Administrator
who has oversight in the student’s program of Core Requirements (24 credits)
study. The decision of the Committee will be • EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
communicated in writing to the student by the (3 credits)
Registrar’s Office.
• ACC 201 Principles of Financial Accounting
Students who are otherwise eligible to receive Title IV (3 credits)
financial aid will be eligible to receive Title IV financial
• ACC 202 Principles of Managerial Accounting
aid while on a second academic probation.
(3 credits)
Students on second academic probation who do not meet
• BUS 201 Principles of Management (3 credits)
the requirements for satisfactory academic progress at the
conclusion of twenty-four (24) total attempted credits in • BUS 235 Introduction to Marketing (3 credits)
probationary status will be dismissed from the University. • BUS 250 Corporate and Social Responsibility
Dismissed students are not eligible to receive Title IV (3 credits)
financial aid. Satisfies General Education Applied Ethics
If it becomes clear at any point during the program that Competency requirement
a student will not be able to successfully complete all • CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits)
program requirements at the conclusion of 150% of the Satisfies General Education Aesthetic Awareness
normal length of a program as measured in credits, that requirement
student will be dismissed from the University.
• ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic
Issues (3 credits)
Associate of Arts in Business Satisfies General Education Social Perspectives
Program Outcomes requirement
Students who successfully complete the Associate of Arts
in Business degree program will be able to: General Education Requirements (46 credits)
• COM 200 Interpersonal Communication
• Communicate information and ideas at a (3 credits)
competency level acceptable in business through Satisfies General Education Communication III
written, verbal, and technological means; Competency requirement
• Demonstrate skill in quantitative reasoning and • ENG 121 Composition I (3 credits)
data interpretation at a level useful in decision- Satisfies General Education Communication I
making activities; Competency requirement
• Understand critical thinking processes and apply • ENG 122 Composition II (3 credits)
strategies that demonstrate competent use of Satisfies General Education Communication II
logic in problem solving; Competency requirement
• Apply basic skills in management, marketing and • ENG 125 Introduction to Literature (3 credits)
accounting; Satisfies General Education Literature
• Evaluate significant contributions to knowledge requirement
of self and knowledge of society that are • HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits)
expressed through psychology, literature, history, Satisfies General Education Historical
science and religion; and Perspectives requirement
• Interpret important social, corporate and global • HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits)
issues and begin to develop a personal world Satisfies General Education Multicultural
view that integrates conclusions reached about Perspectives requirement
these issues.
• INF 103 Computer Literacy (3 credits)
Program Requirements Satisfies General Education Computer
Total number of credits required: 61 credits Competency requirement
General Education Requirements: *46 credits

Core Requirements: *24 credits

• MAT 126 Survey of Mathematical Methods Admission Requirements
(3 credits) Students seeking admission to a Bachelor’s program
Satisfies General Education Mathematics in the Center for External Studies must meet the
Competency requirement following requirements:
• PHI 103 Informal Logic (3 credits) • Be 22 years of age or older, or a graduate of
Satisfies General Education Critical Thinking Ashford University’s Associate of Arts in
Competency requirement Business degree program, or receive documented
• PHI 200 Mind & Machine (3 credits) approval from the Registrar’s Office via the
Satisfies a General Education Values and Beliefs “Under 22 Appeal” process.
requirement • Have a regular high-school diploma earned
• SCI 207 Dependence of Man on the Environment through college preparatory or regular high
(4 credits) school courses or GED equivalency recognized
Satisfies General Education Physical World by the Department of Education of the state
requirement in which it was earned, completed secondary
school through home schooling as defined by
• SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics and Social
state law, or earned an equivalent to a US high
Responsibility (3 credits)
school diploma at an international high school.
Satisfies a General Education Values and Beliefs
An earned IEP or Special Education Diploma or
requirement
Certificate of Completion based upon IEP goals
does not meet the regular high school diploma
Associate of Arts in Business requirement for admission to Ashford University.
Graduation Requirements Qualified applicants will self-certify as to
To be eligible for an Associate of Arts in Business degree, their high school education on the application
a student must successfully accomplish the following: for admission. Ashford University may also
• Completion of all program/course requirements; require, at its discretion, that an applicant or
• Completion of a minimum of 61 credits that student provide a high school transcript, high
are 100-level or higher. Additional prerequisite school diploma, and/or evidence of passing
courses may be required; the GED. If no high school degree was earned,
applicants may be admitted with a minimum of
• Minimum cumulative grade point average 60 transferable credits from an appropriately
of 2.00; accredited postsecondary institution as defined
• At least 18 credits earned toward the Associate by Ashford University transfer credit policies.
of Arts degree must be completed at Ashford • Have access to a computer with an Internet
University; and connection for the Web-based programs and
• Submission of Petition to Graduate form and meet the minimum technology and minimum
applicable fees. computer skills, abilities, features, system
Bachelor’s Degree in this Catalog.
Program Details • Have the ability to study in English indicated by

one of the following:
Academic Calendar • Achieved a recognized high school diploma
The academic calendar in the Center for External Studies’ or equivalent in which the primary language
Bachelor’s degree programs is continuous, rather than of instruction was English.
defined by semesters. Typically, students take one course • Received a GED that was taken in English.
at a time and move to the next course in the program
sequence without a break. Opportunities to enroll in the • A minimum of 30 transferable credits* have
programs offered through the Center for External Studies been earned from regionally or approved
and begin a course sequence in a degree program are nationally accredited colleges/universities in
available every week (online modalities). Courses are the United States or equivalent in which the
offered in an accelerated, five-week format. primary language of instruction was English.
There is an annual two-week Winter break when courses • Test of English as a Foreign Language
are not scheduled. The Winter break for 2009-2010 occurs (TOEFL) examination taken within the past
from December 23, 2009 to January 4, 2010. two (2) years. A minimum score of 173

computer-based, 500 paper based, or 61 degree program when they submit a completed application
Internet based is required. Copies of official indicating that they meet admission requirements outlined
scores must be submitted prior to provisional above, along with the appropriate application fee. Students
enrollment, and official scores must be who then enroll in courses are considered regular students
submitted for full admission. in their degree program. However, students who do not
• Transfer students must provide official meet all requirements for full admission by the conclusion
documentation of an undergraduate cumulative of the fourth (4th) attempted Ashford University course
grade point average (CGPA) of 2.0 in all are disqualified and withdrawn from the program.
combined undergraduate coursework attempted
at regionally or approved nationally accredited Full Admission Status Requirements
colleges/universities since high school, or he/ The following provisions must be met prior to the
she is admitted on first-term academic probation. conclusion of four (4) attempted Ashford University
Any student who signs an Authorization to Close courses. To begin the fifth (5th) Ashford University
form, thereby waiving potential transfer credits course, students must complete all the requirements
from previously attended schools, is admitted outlined below and pay all required tuition, fees, and
on first-term academic probation as well. At the applicable taxes due to Ashford University. Students
conclusion of the first academic probation period who do not meet all requirements are disqualified and
or the first 12 attempted credits, any student who withdrawn from the program at the conclusion of the
does not meet the requirements for Satisfactory fourth (4th) attempted Ashford University course.
Academic Progress (SAP) may be dismissed Note: Additional requirements for students seeking
from the University. admission based on credentials earned outside of the
* Satisfying the English Language Requirement does not United States are outlined separately.
exempt a student who earned his/her high school diploma • Submission of official transcripts from all
outside of the United States from the additional admission regionally or approved nationally accredited
requirements for international applicants. postsecondary education previously attempted or
a signed Authorization to Close form indicating
Appeal of Dismissal Following relinquishment of those potential transfer credits
First-Term Academic Probation for any official transcripts the student is unable to
A student who does not meet SAP requirements following provide. Postsecondary education includes all of
first-term academic probation may appeal to the the following:
University Registrar to attempt up to twelve additional
credits of course work for a second-term academic • College or university transcripts and
probation under the following conditions: transcripts from any other postsecondary
educational institution attended. (The
• Student has achieved a successful completion Ashford University Registrar’s Office staff
rate of at least 67% and has at least a 1.50 will manage the request of college transcripts
Ashford University cumulative grade point for students who have signed a Transcript
average (CGPA) during the first probationary Request form.)
period; or
• Military credits evaluated for equivalency
• Student has achieved a successful completion to college credits. (The Ashford University
rate of at least 50% and has at least a 2.00 Registrar’s Office staff will manage the
Ashford University CGPA, but has not met all request of military transcripts for students
requirements for satisfactory academic progress; who have signed the appropriate Transcript
or Request form.)
• Student has experienced extreme, temporary • Official documentation of any postsecondary
hardship during the probationary period. credit previously earned through examination
Please refer to the Bachelor’s Program Satisfactory or credit earned through non-collegiate
Academic Progress (SAP) Requirements in this section instruction that the students intends to
to review all related satisfactory academic progress have evaluated for applicability to Ashford
guidelines. University program requirements (must be
requested by the student).
Provisional Admission • Official TOEFL scores, if required for admission.
Status Requirements
Students are provisionally admitted to an undergraduate

Additional Admission Requirements Bachelor’s Program
for International Applicants Academic Policies
The following requirements are applicable to international
applicants and applicants relying on academic credentials
earned outside the United States for admission to the Transfer Credit and Nontraditional Credit
programs offered through the Center for External Studies. Provisions and Limitations
• A maximum of 99 credits of combined
Provisional Admission Status Requirements nontraditional learning and transfer credits may
In addition to the requirements for provisional admission be accepted and applied toward the 120 credits
outlined in the admission policy for undergraduate required for a Bachelor’s degree.
programs in the Center for External Studies, copies • Within the 99 credit maximum, a maximum of
of documentation indicating that the student meets 75 credits of nontraditional credit may be applied
the following admission requirements are required for toward degree completion. These 75 credits
provisional admission: can be any combination of acceptable types of
• Submit copies of an official evaluation from an nontraditional credit.
approved evaluation service indicating that the • Within the 75 credit nontraditional maximum,
student has met one or more of the following a maximum of nine (9) nontraditional credits
requirements: may apply towards the major requirements.
• The equivalent of 60 or more transferable Nontraditional credits may also apply up
credits; or to a maximum of 50% of the requirements
for a minor or specialization or 100% of the
• A record of having achieved the equivalency requirements for a concentration (unless the
of a United States high school diploma. concentration is part of the major requirements).
• All academic records from countries other than The content of nontraditional credits must be
the United States must be evaluated by one of the comparable to the content of the replaced course.
following evaluation services: • Students may not use nontraditional credits to
• Educational Credentials Evaluators, Inc. meet the Capstone course requirements.
(ECE); OR • Nontraditional credit may not be counted toward
• World Education Services (WES). the residency requirement in a degree program.
Note: Students who have already had their international • Nontraditional credit may not be granted when
credentials evaluated prior to making application to it duplicates college credit previously earned.
Ashford University may petition the University Registrar Credit will not be given for the same learning
for acceptance of evaluations from other credible twice.
agencies. • Nontraditional credit is posted to the transcript as
credit earned (i.e., without a grade), and does not
Full Admission Status Requirements affect a student’s grade point average.
In addition to the requirements for full admission outlined
• Prior learning assessment (PLA) credit may
in the admission policy for undergraduate programs in
be granted only in disciplines where Ashford
the Center for External Studies, international students
University offers coursework or in disciplines
must submit an official evaluation sent directly from an
related to its degree programs.
approved evaluation service indicating that the student
meets full admission requirements (student copies are not • Prior learning assessment (PLA) credit may
accepted) prior to the conclusion of four (4) attempted or may not be transferable. It is the student’s
Ashford University courses. To begin the fifth (5th) responsibility to find out if credits will transfer to
Ashford University course, international students must an institution that the student may plan to attend
complete the requirements or they will be disqualified in the future.
and withdrawn from the program at the conclusion of the • Prior learning assessment (PLA) credit awarded
fourth (4th) attempted course. at another regionally or approved nationally
accredited institution may be transferred to
Ashford University with the approval of the
University Registrar and the Director of the
Center for External Studies. In order to be
applied towards an Ashford University degree,

transcript records must include PLA subject area University credits. Credits earned through Prior Learning
and/or content information. Students may also be Assessment are not included in the 21-credit calculation.
required to submit original PLA documentation.
Such transfer credit counts toward the Progression Requirements in the
nontraditional credit maximum applicable in a Bachelor’s Programs
degree program.
• Maximum allowance of six (6) credits may be English Proficiency
accepted for Physical Education activity courses All students enrolled in Bachelor’s degree programs
(unless student is a PE major). must satisfy English Proficiency through one of the
• Maximum allowance of six (6) credits may be following options:
accepted for software applications courses. • A passing score on the Ashford University
• Unless special conditions exist, upper-division English Proficiency exam (credit not awarded)
courses will not be considered equivalent or prior to the conclusion of the third attempted
duplicative of lower-division courses. course. All Bachelors programs students are
granted two attempts to complete the English
• Credits earned in a regionally accredited Proficiency exam.
Associate of Arts degree where the student
earned a 2.00 cumulative GPA or higher are • A grade of “C-” or better in the designated
accepted as fulfilling all the General Education Ashford University English course (ENG 121)
and competency requirements of a Bachelor’s within the first 12 credits attempted at Ashford
program in the Center for External Studies. University.
This does not constitute a waiver of any course • A passing score on designated National Testing
required to earn a particular major. Program exams completed within two years from
• In addition, Associate of Science (AS) degrees date of application.
accepted as meeting the general education • A grade of “C-” or better in a comparable
requirements for Bachelor of Arts degrees course from a regionally accredited or approved
offered through state universities in which the nationally accredited institution completed
college granting the AS degree resides, will within the past two (2) years from date of
be accepted by Ashford as fulfilling all the application.
General Education and competency requirements Note: Due to the nature of the Ashford University
in Bachelor’s programs offered at Ashford curriculum, ENG 121 and ENG 122 are not considered
University. duplicative of transfer courses. Students who have
• Recipients and applicants with nationally completed comparable or more advanced English courses
accredited AA or AS degrees with a 2.00 but require ENG 121 and ENG 122 to satisfy proficiency
cumulative GPA or higher will be evaluated on a will have the credits applied toward any Communication
case-by-case basis to determine if the degree is or Electives credit deficiencies.
accepted as fulfilling all the General Education
and competency requirements of the Center for Bachelor’s Program Course Sequencing
External Studies.
0-23 Transfer Credit Students
• AAS degrees will not be accepted as fulfilling
Students must have earned a minimum of twenty-four (24)
the General Education or competency
credits to begin the major course sequence.
requirements. Credits earned in an Associate of
Applied Science degree or a certificate program Bachelor’s program students entering an online
will be evaluated on an individual basis for program with fewer than twenty-four (24) transferable
application toward the BA degree. Courses taken credits are required to successfully complete EXP 105
that are similar to those taken in an Associate of Personal Dimensions of Education as their first course.
Arts or Associate of Science degree program will Unsuccessful completion of EXP 105 will result in
be accepted in transfer. the rescheduling of the course and revision of future
course sequence. EXP 105 applies toward elective credit
Residency Requirements requirements and cannot be replaced or waived by credit
in Bachelor’s Programs in transfer.
No on-campus residency is required for graduation, but Students with fewer than twenty-four (24) transferable
at least 21 credits included in the degree must be Ashford credits will be initially registered for the General

Education course sequence. Typically, students entering 24+ Transfer Credit Students
their Ashford University program with fewer than 24 Bachelor’s program students entering the University with
transferable credits complete their General Education twenty-four (24) or more transferable credits are required
course sequence at Ashford University and then progress to successfully complete PSY 202 Adult Development and
into their appropriate Bachelor’s programs major course Life Assessment as their first course. PSY 202 is designed
sequence. Students who do not wish to take any or all of to help experienced students acclimate to the online
the General Education course sequence through Ashford college environment. Unsuccessful completion of PSY 202
University must contact their Academic Advisor to request will result in the rescheduling of the course and revision
a schedule change. of the future course sequence. PSY 202 satisfies the
Students may request changes to course registration Social Awareness/Social Perspectives General Education
in writing to their Enrollment Advisor or Academic requirement and cannot be replaced or waived unless a
Advisor and should include any appropriate supporting student provides proof of 90 credits of lower-division
documentation. It is the student’s responsibility to inform transfer credit prior to initial program enrollment.
his or her Enrollment Advisor and Academic Advisors Students will be initially registered, per the program of
in writing of potential equivalent transfer courses and to enrollment indicated on their Admissions Application,
provide appropriate supporting documentation prior to for their Bachelor’s program’s major course sequence.
each course start date. Students who have not previously completed the
The following General Education course sequence is coursework applicable to the Ashford University General
the standard for the University. On occasion, courses Education requirements may request to be enrolled in the
may be substituted to satisfy specific General Education General Education course sequence or in specific General
requirements. Education courses.
Students may request changes to course registration
General Education Course Sequence: in writing to their Enrollment Advisor or Academic
• EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education Advisor and should include any appropriate supporting
(3 credits) (introductory course required-online documentation. It is the student’s responsibility to inform
only) his or her Enrollment Advisor and Academic Advisors
• PSY 202 Adult Development & Life Assessment in writing of potential equivalent transfer courses and to
(3 credits) provide appropriate supporting documentation prior to
each course start date.
• ENG 121 Composition I (3 credits)
Students with twenty-four (24) or more transferable
• ENG 122 Composition II (3 credits) credits who have been out of school for a long time or
• INF 103 Computer Literacy (3 credits) feel that they need additional support to enter the online
• ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology environment may choose to enroll in EXP 105 Personal
(3 credits) Dimensions of Education as their first course. EXP
105 is designed for students with little or no previous
• SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics and Social college experience and is not recommended for students
Responsibility (3 credits) with high transfer credit. Enrollment in EXP 105 may
• ENG 125 Introduction to Literature (3 credits) result in the reduction of three (3) transfer credits in the
Elective category. Students taking EXP 105 are required
• PHI 107 Philosophy of Human Conduct
to take PSY 202 as their second course. Unsuccessful
(3 credits)
completion of either EXP 105 or PSY 202 will result in
• ENG 225 Introduction to Film (3 credits) the rescheduling of the course and revision of the future
• PHI 103 Informal Logic (3 credits) course sequence.
• COM 200 Interpersonal Communication
(3 credits) Transfer Concentration Guidelines
Concentrations are intended for students who have
• SCI 207 Dependence of Man on the experience and/or extensive transfer credit coursework in
Environment (4 credits) a field of study at the time of admission.
• HIS 204 American History Since 1865 (3 credits) Students must petition for a transfer concentration in a
• MAT 126 Survey of Mathematical Methods defined subject area and submit a minimum of twelve (12)
(3 credits) credits of coursework before approval is granted. In rare
• SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits) cases, a student with some transfer coursework completed
in a given subject area may petition, after admission,

to complete part of a concentration through Ashford by Tuesday during the week in which the course officially
University coursework. begins and to complete the initial introductory postings
• Concentrations generally will not be approved required in the course. Students must log in to their
in fields of study that lead to licensure or course at least one additional day during the first week
certification. of the course. Students must log in to their course on two
separate days each subsequent week of the course to meet
• Transfer credits will only be applied towards attendance requirements.
the required coursework in applicable majors
if the student has maximized all other transfer Students who fail to meet these attendance requirements
credit possibilities within the Bachelor’s degree in one week of the course will be given an absence
and has otherwise earned enough upper-division for that week. Students should contact the instructor in
credits to meet program requirements. Otherwise, advance and make arrangements to complete the required
concentration coursework will be applied assignments. Acceptance of late work is at the discretion
towards elective credit. of the instructor. Students who fail to meet the attendance
requirements for a second week in the course will
• A student can earn more than one transfer credit be administratively dropped from the course retroactive
concentration as long as each concentration has to the last date of recorded attendance. Required courses
at least six credits that do not apply to another must then be repeated.
concentration or major.
Limited exceptions to attendance requirements based on
• Students earning transfer concentrations with exceptional circumstances, such as military deployment,
substitutions against major coursework are not may be made. Please refer to drop policies for grade
exempt from the minimum requirement for implications when not meeting attendance requirements.
earning thirty (30) upper-division credits. Students who are dropped for not meeting attendance
requirements and do not attend class within 29 days of
Credit Maximum Policy their last date of attendance will be administratively
A maximum of 36 credits may be attempted per academic withdrawn.
year. Students may appeal in writing to the Provost for
an increase to a maximum of 48 credits attempted per
academic year.
be administratively dropped from the course and must
Concurrent Enrollment Policy work with their Enrollment Advisor to reschedule their
• Concurrent course registration may occur when enrollment in the program.
the student is fully admitted and has completed
his or her first two courses. ASPIRE Bachelor’s Program
• Student must be meeting Satisfactory Academic Attendance Policy
Progress requirements. Students taking classes in an on-campus accelerated
format are expected to attend each class session. Students
• Payment for concurrent courses is not deferred who fail to meet the attendance requirement in one week
and must be paid for in advance of the course of the course will be given an absence for that week.
start date. Students should contact the instructor in advance and
• Concurrent course registration cannot violate make arrangements to complete the required assignments.
progression or prerequisite requirements. Acceptance of late work is at the discretion of the
instructor. Students who fail to meet the attendance
• At no time may a student attend more than two
requirements for a second week in the course will be
Ashford University courses concurrently in
administratively dropped from the course retroactive to
online or ASPIRE modalities.
the last date of recorded attendance. The course must then
be repeated.
Enrollment Status
Students who remain continuously enrolled, including Students who must miss more than one week of
breaks of 29 days or less, in non-term-based programs are attendance due to extreme extenuating circumstances
classified as full-time. beyond their control may appeal for an exception to the
attendance policy. The request must be supported by the
Online Bachelor’s Program instructor and the student must submit the rationale for the
Attendance Policy exception to their academic advisor, prior to the second
Students taking online classes are expected to attend each absence, for approval by an academic administrator with
week. Students are required to log in to each online course oversight for the student’s program of enrollment.

Note: New students who do not meet attendance requirements for Ashford University external studies
requirements for the first week of their first course will undergraduate programs and how they will be measured
be administratively dropped from the course and must to ensure that students are making satisfactory academic
work with their Enrollment Advisor to reschedule their progress toward successful degree completion.
enrollment in the program.
Bachelor’s Degree Non-Term-Based
Leave of Absence Policy Program Measures
Although Ashford University encourages continuous • Week = 7 calendar days
enrollment from the time of matriculation through • Course/Block = 5 weeks of instructional time
graduation for all students, from time to time
circumstances may warrant a short break in enrollment. • Academic Year Definition = 40 weeks of
Students who take a break of 29 days or less remain instructional time; 24 earned credits
continuously enrolled and are classified as full-time. • Financial Aid Payment Period = Minimum 12
Students who need to request a break in enrollment that earned credits; 20 weeks of instructional time
is longer than 29 days may request a Leave of Absence
• Satisfactory Academic Progress Increment = 12
(LOA).
attempted credits
• Students are limited to no more than two (2)
Leaves of Absence within a 12-month period. • Full-Time Enrollment = Students who remain
continuously enrolled, including breaks of 29
• Each LOA cannot exceed a total of 90 days and
days or less, in non-term-based programs are
classified as full-time.
• The start date of the LOA is based on the last
date of documented attendance. Satisfactory Academic Progress Standards
• Students who are requesting a leave of absence Bachelor’s program students must meet the following
must complete a Leave of Absence Request form. minimum qualitative and quantitative standards to make
A financial aid student considering a Leave of satisfactory academic progress:
Absence should contact the Financial Aid Office • Minimum cumulative GPA in Ashford University
to discuss the impact on financial aid eligibility. coursework for all undergraduate students = 2.00.
At the point a student withdraws or falls below Cumulative GPA includes all undergraduate level
at least half-time enrollment status, student loan coursework attempted at Ashford University,
grace/repayment periods begin. excluding grades of Pass, I, or W. Only the latter
grade is counted when a course is repeated. No
• Leave of Absence Requests must be signed and
grades are recorded or counted toward GPA for
submitted on or before the last day of class
transfer credits or prior learning credits.
attendance. Requests submitted after the last day
of attendance require an explanation. Requests • Successful Completion Rate = 67% or 2/3 of
submitted greater than 29 days after last date of all attempted credits. Attempted undergraduate
attendance will not be approved. credits are all course attempts recorded on the
academic transcript; repeated courses are not
• Students who do not return from an approved
excluded. Grades that count negatively against
LOA will be withdrawn from the University as of
successful completion rates include I, W, WF,
their last date of documented attendance.
and F.
• Students experiencing extreme temporary
• Successful completion of all program
hardship that limits their ability to return to
requirements within 150% of the normal length
school within the period of their approved leave
of the program as measured in credits.
may contact their Academic Advisor or the
Financial Aid Office to discuss potential options • Grade points earned at another college are not
prior to expiration of their approved Leave of used in the computation of the grade point
Absence. In such cases, a second LOA may average at Ashford University.
be requested during the last 30 days of their
approved LOA. Satisfactory Academic Progress
Review and Evaluation
Bachelor’s Program Satisfactory Academic Satisfactory Academic Progress is reviewed in twelve (12)
Progress (SAP) Requirements credit increments. Students will be evaluated against both
We are dedicated to the academic success of our students. qualitative and quantitative standards at the conclusion of
In this vein, the following policy outlines the academic every twelve (12) attempted credits.

Probation, Appeal, and Dismissal changed circumstances, experience, and/or successful
Probationary periods provide an opportunity for students completion of college level credits during the period of
to improve academic performance and to meet overall absence. Students who are approved by the Registrar and
requirements for degree completion. Students on appropriate Dean, Vice President of Academic Affairs,
probation should meet with their Academic Advisors to or Provost for re-admission after dismissal will be on
discuss course scheduling and to plan for remediation. academic probation, and will be required to meet specific
Please contact the Ashford University Registrar with academic requirements outlined in writing from the
any questions concerning the requirements outlined in Registrar in order to return to good standing. Failure to
this policy. This policy will be applied to all coursework meet specific requirements will result in dismissal without
attempted at Ashford University, regardless of date the opportunity for re-admission.
attempted. • The appeal must be made prior to the student’s
• Students who do not meet the minimum enrollment in any classes that begin after the
requirements for making satisfactory academic initial probationary period.
progress at the time of evaluation are placed on • The written appeal must include a reasonable
academic probation for the following twelve (12) explanation for the student’s academic
credit increment. performance to date, which may include
• Students will be given up to 12 credits of mitigating circumstances such as student injury/
attempted coursework to meet the requirements illness, death of a student’s family member,
for satisfactory academic progress. All or other reasons resulting in undue hardship
coursework attempted after the term during to the student and a plan for completion of the
which the student did not meet satisfactory coursework required for removal from probation
academic progress will be counted as a part of during the following term.
the first-term probationary period. Students who • Appeals will be evaluated by a committee made
are otherwise eligible to receive Title IV financial up of the University Registrar or an Associate
aid will be eligible to receive Title IV financial Registrar and an Academic Administrator
aid while on their first academic probation. who has oversight in the student’s program of
• At the conclusion of the first academic study. The decision of the Committee will be
probation period, students who do not meet the communicated in writing to the student by the
requirements for satisfactory academic progress Registrar’s Office.
may be dismissed from the University. Students who are otherwise eligible to receive Title IV
financial aid will be eligible to receive Title IV financial
Appeal of Academic Dismissal aid while on a second academic probation.
Students who have shown marked improvement and/
Students on second academic probation who do not meet
or who have experienced extreme temporary hardship
the requirements for satisfactory academic progress at the
during the first probationary period but have not met the
conclusion of twenty-four (24) total attempted credits in
requirements for satisfactory academic progress may
probationary status will be dismissed from the University.
appeal to the University Registrar to take up to twelve
Dismissed students are not eligible to receive Title IV
(12) additional credits of coursework for their second
financial aid.
academic probation.
If, at any point during the program, it becomes clear that
Students granted an appeal for a second-term probation
a student will not be able to successfully complete all
may be required to re-take coursework previously
program requirements at the conclusion of 150% of the
completed in order to increase the likelihood of
normal length of a program as measured in credits, that
successfully meeting satisfactory academic progress and/
or graduation requirements. These requirements may
affect the student’s eligibility for financial aid funds.
Honor Society
In rare circumstances, students who have been dismissed Alpha Sigma Lambda is an honor society devoted to
from the University after a first or second term probation the advancement of scholarship and leadership of adult
for failure to meet satisfactory academic progress students in higher education. Students must have a
requirements may be re-admitted after one or more minimum cumulative GPA of 3.20 to be eligible. To be
years have elapsed since their last date of attendance. eligible for membership in the Ashford University Alpha
Students must appeal to the Registrar for re-admission Lambda chapter of the Alpha Sigma Lambda National
and must present compelling evidence that they have Honor Society, students must be seeking their first
the ability to succeed in an academic program due to Bachelor’s degree, be in the highest twenty (20) percent

of eligible baccalaureate students based upon cumulative • Enrollment in the Master’s degree program
GPA, and meet the following criteria as of December 31: begins after an applicant has been formally
• completion of a minimum of 24 credits at admitted to the program by submitting an
Ashford University; and application indicating an earned Bachelor’s
degree. Students are subject to the academic
• completion of a minimum of 12 credits of liberal requirements that are in effect at the time of
arts coursework. enrollment in the Master’s degree program. Any
Students who meet the eligibility criteria will be sent Master’s degree requirements that have been
an invitation in the spring to become a member. There satisfied by coursework taken as part of the
are no membership fees or dues. Students who accept SMART Track will be considered fulfilled.
the invitation may attend either the campus induction • Unless otherwise stipulated by program, the
ceremony or the online induction ceremony. Once a graduate-level coursework will apply towards
student has participated in an induction ceremony, the elective credit requirements.
student becomes a lifetime member of the Alpha Lambda
chapter of the Alpha Sigma Lambda honor society. Names • Graduate-level courses are normally six (6)
of inductees will be published on the Ashford University weeks in length; therefore enrollment may
website once the induction process for eligible students extend graduation dates and may delay financial
is complete. Students who are inducted into the honor aid disbursement timing.
society will be mailed a certificate. • Graduate-level courses are graded as follows: A,
B, C, F , W, WF, or I. Plus, Minus, and D grades
SMART Track Program Requirements are not awarded in graduate-level coursework.
Students enrolled in an Ashford University Bachelor’s
degree program may be eligible to enroll in up to six SMART Track Courses
(6) credits of graduate-level coursework towards their Specific graduate-level courses for which Bachelor’s
Bachelor’s degree and accelerate completion of a Master’s students are eligible to enroll may be stipulated by each
degree with Ashford University. Master’s degree program. The following courses have
been designated by program for SMART Track student
enrollment. Enrollment in any courses other than those
Bachelor’s Program Stipulations and
designated below must be approved by the appropriate
Requirements for Enrolling and Applying Dean, Vice President of Academic Affairs, or Provost.
Master’s-Level Coursework
• Students in a Bachelor’s-level program offered Master of Arts in Education
at Ashford University may attempt up to six • EDU 623 Introduction to Teaching & Learning
(6) Master’s-level credits offered at Ashford (3 credits)
University to satisfy elective requirements in
• EDU 618 Assessment of Learning Outcomes
their Bachelor’s program.
with Technology (3 credits)
• Bachelor’s-level upper-division tuition applies
to any AU Master’s-level coursework attempted Master of Arts in Health Care Administration
as part of the Bachelor’s program. Students • MHA 601 Principles of Health Care
are limited to six (6) attempted credits at the Administration (3 credits)
Bachelor’s-level tuition rate (AU Military
• MHA 610 Introduction to BioStatistics
Tuition Grant rates are applicable for students
(3 credits)
who qualify). Financial aid is also awarded at
the Bachelor’s-level. Master of Arts in Organizational Management
• Students are not permitted to retake Master’s- • BUS 610 Organizational Behavior (3 credits)
level courses attempted while enrolled in
a Bachelor’s program. Only one attempt • OMM 612 Managing in Social Change
per Master’s course is permitted at the (3 credits)
undergraduate-level (W and WF grades Master of Arts in Teaching and
included). Learning with Technology
• Master’s-level coursework attempted as part • EDU 648 Teaching & Learning with Technology
of a Bachelor’s program is applied towards (3 credits)
the Bachelor’s-level cumulative grade point
average (CGPA). • EDU 649 Technologies for Teaching & Learning
(3 credits)

Master of Business Administration Bachelor’s program to an Ashford University Master’s
• BUS 610 Organizational Behavior (3 credits) program. In order to be applied toward completion of an
Ashford University Master’s program, courses taken at the
• BUS 620 Managerial Marketing (3 credits) Bachelor’s level must be:
• *BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles • Applicable to the specific Ashford University
(3 credits) Master’s program in which the student enrolls.
Master of Public Administration • Successfully completed with a grade of “B” or
higher. Grades earned in Master’s level courses
• BUS 610 Organizational Behavior (3 credits)
completed as part of an undergraduate program
• OMM 618 Human Resources Management will not be calculated into the graduate level
(3 credits) cumulative grade point average (CGPA).
• *BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles Ashford University will waive BUS 600 for students who
(3 credits) graduate from an Ashford University Bachelor’s degree
*Otherwise eligible students enrolled in a Bachelor’s program and are admitted into a graduate-level degree
degree program who plan to apply to the Ashford program requiring this course. This is a non-credit bearing
University MBA or MPA programs may take BUS 599 for waiver. Students will be required to take another Master’s
an additional three (3) elective credits for a total of nine level course to substitute for BUS 600.
(9) Master’s level credits to satisfy appropriate Bachelor’s Students who have successfully completed BUS 599 as
degree requirements and this prerequisite course to the part of their Bachelor’s degree program with a grade of
MBA program. “C” or higher have also satisfied this prerequisite in the
MBA and MPA programs.
SMART Track Student Eligibility
Students must meet the following criteria in order to take Graduation Requirements
Master’s-level coursework in a Bachelor’s program: To be eligible for a Bachelor’s degree, a student must
• Must be a senior-level student with 108+ credits successfully accomplish the following:
earned towards a Bachelor’s degree at Ashford • Completion of the General Education
University. Students may be pre-qualified and requirements, including competencies;
enrolled in SMART Track courses when 105
• Completion of a minimum of 120 total credits,
credits are earned in anticipation of 108 credits
including a minimum of 30 credits of upper-
completed prior to beginning SMART Track
division courses and 18 credits of upper-division
coursework.
coursework in the major;
• Must have a 3.00 or higher cumulative GPA to
• Completion of all required major, minor, and
begin a Master’s-level course.
specialization course requirements;
• Must meet any prerequisite coursework
• Minimum cumulative grade point average of
requirements for each course.
2.00 in all major, minor, specialization, and total
• Must indicate to their Academic Advisor that coursework taken at the University;
they plan to apply for admission to a specific
• Minimum of 21 credits earned toward a
Master’s degree program at Ashford University
Bachelor’s degree must be completed at the
upon completion of the Bachelor’s degree,
University as a matriculated student (residency
and request the courses through their
requirement); and
Academic Advisor.
• Completed Petition to Graduate form and
• Must be in good financial standing at
payment of related fees.
Ashford University.
• Students must complete a Request to Enroll in
the Ashford University Bachelor’s to Master’s
Degree SMART Track form.
Applying Coursework Taken at Bachelor’s Level

to Ashford University Master’s Programs
Students who graduate from an Ashford University
Bachelor’s program may internally transfer six (6)
applicable Master’s level credits earned as part of their

Bachelor’s Degree • ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I (3 credits)

Prerequisite: ACC 206
Programs and Requirements • ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II (3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in Accounting • ACC 310 Cost Accounting I (3 credits)
Students pursuing the Accounting major at the University Prerequisite: ACC 206
will develop the necessary analytical, conceptual, • ACC 380 Accounting for Not-For-Profit
technical knowledge and proficiency in accounting. The Organizations (3 credits)
curriculum will enable students to better understand the Prerequisite: ACC 206
internal and external business environment through
study in business administration, economics, and • ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I (3 credits)
quantitative methods. Prerequisite: ACC 205
• ACC 407 Advanced Accounting (3 credits)
Program Outcomes Prerequisites: ACC 306 and ACC 310
Students in the Bachelor of Arts in Accounting program • ACC 410 Auditing (3 credits)
will be able to: Prerequisites: ACC 306 and ACC 310
• Demonstrate fundamental accounting principles
and procedures; Business Core Requirements (12 credits):
• Employ technology tools related to the area of • ^BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits)
accounting; • BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
• Analyze alternatives to complex accounting • ^BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits)
problems; Prerequisite: ACC 206
• Utilize and integrate accounting information in • ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics
business decision making; and (3 credits)
• Synthesize accounting information and non-
accounting information in order to appropriately One course in Information Systems (3 credits):
assess business opportunities. *CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits)
Program Requirements + EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
Total number of credits required: 120 credits requirements and is required for online students with
fewer than 24 transferable credits
* Satisfies General Education requirements.
Major Course Requirements: *42 credits
^ Math competency must be met before taking
Electives: 35 credits these courses
Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University
(residency requirement). Bachelor of Arts in
*In this program, 3 credits from the major may also satisfy
Business Administration
The BA in Business Administration will provide students
General Education requirements.
with the technical knowledge, critical thinking skills,
and the ability to communicate ideas in a collaborative
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits) environment. Graduates will be equipped with a practical
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education understanding of these and other important business
(3 credits) concepts and skills. Ashford University takes great pride
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life in ensuring that students are challenged to open their
Assessment (3 credits) minds to new ways of thinking and problem solving. The
BA in Business Administration degree will assist students
Major Course Requirements (42 credits) in meeting both personal and professional goals.
• ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II (3 credits) Program Outcomes
Prerequisite: ACC 205 Students in the Business Administration program will be
able to:

• Collaborate to achieve team goals; One course in Management (3 credits):
• Develop an awareness of their leadership style; • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
• Evaluate a situation and apply an effective (3 credits)
leadership style; One Course in Strategic Planning (3 credits):
• Use technology tools related to their area of • MGT 450 Strategic Planning for Organizations
emphasis; (3 credits)
• Manage change within a dynamic business Prerequisite: MGT 330
environment; and
One Course in Ethics (3 credits):
• Create a strategic business plan.
• *PHI 445 Personal & Organizational Ethics
(3 credits)
Program Requirements
Total number of credits required: 120 credits One Course in Information Technology (3 credits):
General Education Requirements: *46 credits • *CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business
Major Course Requirements: *45 credits (3 credits)
Electives: 35 credits + EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
requirements and is required for online students with
fewer than 24 transferable credits.
(residency requirement). * Satisfies General Education requirements.
*In this program, 6 credits from the major may also satisfy ^ Math competency must be met before taking these
General Education requirements. courses
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits) Transfer Concentration Option

Students may add a transfer concentration to the BA in
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
Business Administration program by transferring in 12
(3 credits)
applicable credits in one of the following areas:
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
• Business Management
Assessment (3 credits)
• Marketing
Major Course Requirements (45 credits) • Accounting
• Finance
• Hospitality Management
• Retail Management
(3 credits) • Computer Science Studies
• ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics Transfer concentrations are intended for students
(3 credits) who have experience and/or extensive transfer credit
coursework in a field of study at the time of admission to
the program. The following major courses are designated
(3 credits)
for substitution with concentration coursework, where
• BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits) appropriate: BUS 303, MGT 415, MGT 435, and PHI
• MGT 415 Group Behavior in Organizations 445. For additional details, see Transfer Concentration
(3 credits) Guidelines in this Catalog section.
• ^BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits) Bachelor of Arts in Business Economics
Prerequisite: ACC 206 The Bachelor of Arts in Business Economics links the
fields of economics and business to provide students
with an understanding of the theoretical and practical
One course in Statistics (3 credits): approaches of economics while preparing graduates
for employment in a continually changing global and
• ^BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits)
technologically innovative business environment.

It prepares students for employment in a variety of • ECO 320 International Economics (3 credits)
business fields, particularly finance, banking, business • ^ECO 342 Principles of Econometrics (3 credits)
management, and government service. Prerequisite: BUS 308
Program Outcomes • BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits)

Students in the Business Economics program will be able Prerequisite: ACC 206
to: • *PHI 445 Personal & Organizational Ethics
• Assess business facts and interpret them (3 credits)
consistent with economic thinking; • BUS 450 International Finance (3 credits)
• Understanding of how decision makers allocate • ECO 406 Business Cycles & Growth (3 credits)
scarce resources to achieve economic efficiency; Prerequisite: ECO 203
• Apply economic tools to analyze decisions made • MGT 450 Strategic Planning for Organizations
by consumers, firms, and policy makers; and (3 credits)
• Integrate economic models to analyze the impact Prerequisite: MGT 330
of various fiscal monetary, and trade policies on a + Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
nation’s economy. requirements and is required for online students with
Program Requirements * Satisfies General Education requirements.
Total number of credits required: 120 credits
^ Math competency must be met before taking
General Education Requirements: *46 credits this course.
Electives: 32 credits Bachelor of Arts in
Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division Business Information Systems
credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University The Bachelor of Arts in Business Information Systems
(residency requirement). graduates are able to understand the interaction and
importance of information systems and information
*In this program, 3 credits from the major may also satisfy sharing within a business or organization. Courses focus
general education requirements. on networking, e-business administration, strategic data
utilization, business management, as well as problem
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits) solving and leadership in designing, developing and
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education implementing new or existing information systems within
(3 credits) the businesses organization.
Assessment (3 credits) Program Outcomes
Students in the Business Information Systems program
Major Course Requirements (45 credits) will be able to:
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations • Utilize analytical, logical, and critical thinking
(3 credits) abilities to analyze user requirements and
• BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits) to design, develop, and deploy effective
Information Systems solutions;
(3 credits) • Evaluate appropriate enterprise solutions for
business success;
(3 credits) • Manage relationships with technology providers
and customers;
• Analyze alternatives to complex business
problems and alternatives; and
• Evaluate the business as an integrated
information system including the relations
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets among the functional areas, and the application
(3 credits) of long-range planning, systems implementation,
Prerequisite: ECO 100 or ECO 203 and control processes.

Program Requirements **Please note that some applications in this course may
Total number of credits required: 120 credits require additional hardware, software, and/or internet
connectivity requirements. This includes use of Windows
XP with Service Pack 2.0 or higher and broadband
Major Course Requirements: 45 credits Internet access.
Electives: 29 credits ^ Math competency must be met before taking
Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division this course.
(residency requirement). Bachelor of Arts in
Communication Studies
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits) The Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies major
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education is designed for students who seek career opportunities in
(3 credits) many fields: public relations, human resources, business
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life management, communications management, education,
Assessment (3 credits) public policy and administration, sociology, journalism,
and the media. Communication Studies provides students
Major Course Requirements (45 credits) with an understanding of ethical responsibilities when
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations accessing information and freedom of expression in
(3 credits) a democratic society. Within the program, students
will examine multiple forms of communication from
persuasion and communication theory to various forms
(3 credits)
of written communication, both business/ professional
• ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits) writing and writing for media purposes.
Prerequisite: INF 103 Program Outcomes
Students in the Communication Studies program will be
able to:
• Communicate with fluency and clarity;
• COM 340 Technical Writing (3 credits)
• Select effective communication techniques
• **INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits) appropriate to audience and context;
Prerequisite: INF 103
• Identify barriers to effective communication
• INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits) in different contexts and formulate effective
• **^INF 322 Database Management Systems solutions;
(3 credits) • Articulate the value of free expression to a
Prerequisite: INF 231 democratic society;
• INF 325 Telecommunications & Networking • Demonstrate sensitivity in communications
Concepts (3 credits) between and among different groups and
Prerequisite: INF 231 individuals of diverse backgrounds;
• BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits) • Demonstrate adaptability to changes in
• INF 410 Project Management (3 credits) communication technology;
• INF 336 Project Procurement Management • Conduct effective independent research; and
(3 credits) • Communicate in ways consistent with the
Prerequisite: INF 103 highest ethical standards of the communications
• MGT 497 Strategic Technology Planning for professions.
Organizations (3 credits)
Prerequisites: MGT 330 and INF 340 Program Requirements
+ Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit Total number of credits required: 120 credits
requirements and is required for online students with General Education Requirements: *46 credits
fewer than 24 transferable credits. Major Course Requirements: *33 credits
* Satisfies General Education requirements. Electives: 44 credits

Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division • Demonstrate knowledge of child development
credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University principles, including cognitive, language,
(residency requirement). physical and affective domains, in creating
* In this program, 3 credits from the major may also environments that are healthy, supportive, and
satisfy General Education requirements. challenging for children;
• Analyze the influence and impact of families
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits) and communities on a child’s learning and
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education development;
(3 credits) • Design and assessment developmentally
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life appropriate strategies and programs promoting
Assessment (3 credits) positive development and learning for children;
• Identify components of personnel management
Major Course Requirements (33 credits) in the recruiting, hiring, and maintenance of staff
• COM 321 Communication Theory (3 credits) in quality child care settings; and
• COM 425 Communication in Organizations • Demonstrate knowledge of fiscal, legal, ethical,
(3 credits) and program requirements in a quality child care
• ENG 325 Intermediate Composition (3 credits) settings.
• COM 345 Media Writing for Communication
(3 credits)
• *COM 323 Persuasion & Argumentation
(3 credits)
• COM 325 Communication & Conflict (3 credits)
• COM 360 Advanced Communications in Society
(3 credits) Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
• COM 340 Technical Writing (3 credits)
(residency requirement).
• CGD 318 Public Relations Practice &
Promotional Writing (3 credits) Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits)
• ENG 315 Business & Professional Writing • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
• COM 480 Communication Studies Capstone • *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
(3 credits) Assessment (3 credits)
+ Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
requirements and is required for online students with Major Course Requirements (39 credits)
fewer than 24 transferable credits. • ECE 101 Introduction to Early Childhood
• ECE 214 Nutrition & Health of Children &
Families (3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in • ECE 332 Child Development (3 credits)
Early Childhood Education • SOC 312 Child, Family & Society (3 credits)
The Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education
major prepares students for a career in education. Upon • PED 212 Foundations of Movement & Motor
completion of coursework in childhood development, Activities (3 credits)
curricula, and program development, students will be well • ECE 315 Language Development in Young
acquainted with the education industry, be highly trained Children (3 credits)
in various theories of childhood development, and exhibit
advanced instructional skills. • ECE 311 Early Childhood Curriculum &
Methods (3 credits)
Program Outcomes • ECE 335 Children’s Literature (3 credits)
Students in the Early Childhood Education program will • ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
be able to: (3 credits)

• ECE 313 Collaboration with Parents & • Identify components of personnel management
Community (3 credits) in the recruiting, hiring, and maintenance of staff
• ECE 312 Administration of Early Childhood in quality child care settings.
Education Programs (3 credits) • Demonstrate knowledge of fiscal, legal, ethical,
• ECE 405 Children & Families in a Diverse and program requirements in administrating
Society (3 credits) quality child care settings.
• ECE 430 Early Childhood Education Capstone Program Requirements
(3 credits) Total number of credits required: 120 credits
+ Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit General Education Requirements: 46 credits
fewer than 24 transferable credits. Major Course Requirements: 39 credits
* Satisfies General Education requirements. Electives: 35 credits
Note: Successful completion and graduation from the Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education is not credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University
intended to lead to certification or licensure in any state. It (residency requirement).
is the student’s responsibility to determine any individual
state’s certification or licensure requirements. Ashford Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits)
University does not represent that this program meets • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
certification or licensure requirements in any state. (3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in Assessment (3 credits)
Early Childhood Education Administration
The Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education Major Course Requirements (39 credits)
Administration prepares students for a career in early • ECE 101 Introduction to Early Childhood
childcare administration. Upon completion of coursework Education (3 credits)
in organizational behavior and management, childhood • ECE 214 Nutrition & Health of Children &
development, and curricula and program administration, Families (3 credits)
students will be well acquainted with the education
• ECE 332 Child Development (3 credits)
industry, be highly trained in various theories of childhood
development, and exhibit advanced organizational • SOC 312 Child, Family & Society (3 credits)
management skills. • ECE 311 Early Childhood Curriculum &
Methods (3 credits)
Program Outcomes • ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students
Students in the Early Childhood Education Administration
(3 credits)
• ECE 313 Collaboration with Parents &
• Demonstrate knowledge of child development
Community (3 credits)
principles, including cognitive, language,
physical and affective domains, in creating • ECE 312 Administration of Early Childhood
environments that are healthy, supportive, and Education Programs (3 credits)
challenging for children. • MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations
• Analyze the influence and impact of families (3 credits)
and communities on a child’s learning and • MGT 415 Group Behavior in Organizations
development. (3 credits)
• Design and assess developmentally appropriate • MGT 435 Organizational Change (3 credits)
strategies and programs promoting positive
development and learning for children.
(3 credits)
• Apply leadership principles in directing and
managing a child care setting.

• ECE 430 Early Childhood Education Capstone Program Requirements
+ Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit General Education Requirements: *46 credits
Note: Successful completion and graduation from
the Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Education
Administration is not intended to lead to certification or
licensure in any state. It is the student’s responsibility to *In this program, 3 credits from the major may also satisfy
determine any individual state’s certification or licensure General Education requirements.
requirements. Ashford University does not represent that
this program meets certification or licensure requirements Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits)
in any state. • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
(3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in Assessment (3 credits)
Health Care Administration
The Health Care Administration major provides
foundational knowledge in health-related topics,
• HCA 305 U.S. Health Care System (3 credits)
operations, and applications for those working in or
seeking careers in the rapidly growing healthcare • SOC 313 Social Implications of Medical Issues
industry. The degree is characterized by an (3 credits)
interdisciplinary and integrated learning approach, • HCA 340 Managing in Health & Human
reflecting the realities of the healthcare system. Specific Services (3 credits)
curriculum in health administration, regulation and
• *HCA 322 Health Care Ethics & Medical Law
(3 credits)
monitoring is provided.
• ACC 281 Accounting Concepts for Health Care
Program Outcomes Professionals (3 credits)
Students in the Health Care Administration program will
• HCA 311 Health Care Financing and Information
be able to:
Systems (3 credits)
• Examine the requirements of continued learning
for health care professionals;
(3 credits)
• Evaluate the contributions of volunteerism within
• HCA 375 Continuous Quality Monitoring &
the context of the health care delivery system;
Accreditation (3 credits)
• Explore the ramifications of cultural and social-
demographic variables as they impact the
(3 credits)
delivery of health care;
• HCA 430 Special Populations (3 credits)
• Demonstrate the integration of multi-disciplinary
knowledge into the multiple perspectives of the • HCA 415 Community & Public Health
U.S. health care system; (3 credits)
• Analyze the major financing systems of U.S. • HCA 459 Senior Project (3 credits)
health care services; + EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
• Discuss the provision of health care services requirements and is required for online students with
across the life span; fewer than 24 transferable credits
• Communicate the major forces driving change in * Satisfies General Education requirements.
the U.S. health care system; and Note: Students should understand that this program is not
• Analyze health care delivery’s outcome research. intended to prepare students for professional licensure
or certification in any field. Students seeking licensure

or certification in a particular profession are strongly Major Course Requirements (30 credits)
encouraged to carefully research the requirements for that • HCA 305 The U.S. Health Care System
licensure prior to enrollment. (3 credits)
• *HCA 322 Health Care Ethics & Medical Law
Bachelor of Arts in Health Care Studies (3 credits)
The Bachelor of Arts in Health Care Studies is designed • SOC 313 Social Implications of Medical Issues
to facilitate the attainment of a Bachelor’s degree for (3 credits)
individuals working in the health care system, as well as • HCA 340 Managing in Health & Human
learners desiring an entry level health care degree. This Services (3 credits)
generalist degree stresses the knowledge of the health care
industry and emphasizes the development of qualitative • BUS 303 Human Resource Management
skills. It is intended to complement our more quantitative (3 credits)
managerial BA in Health Care Administration. • HCA 415 Community & Public Health
(3 credits)
Program Outcomes • HCA 430 Special Populations (3 credits)
Students in the Health Care Studies program will be
able to: • HCA 331 Introduction to Health Care Education
(3 credits)
• Explain the major components of the U. S. health
care system; • HCA 333 Introduction to Long Term Care
(3 credits)
• Explain the major population factors that
influence the delivery of health services; • HCA 497 Health Care Studies Capstone
(3 credits)
• Analyze driving factors influencing health care,
including reform and quality; + EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
• Apply principles from management theory, social fewer than 24 transferable credits
and health sciences;
• Analyze non-clinical issues arising in delivering
health care; Note: Students should understand that this program is not
intended to prepare students for professional licensure
• Discuss regulatory elements influencing health or certification in any field. Students seeking licensure
care delivery such as ethics and legal issues; and or certification in a particular profession are strongly
• Demonstrate communication skills that facilitate encouraged to carefully research the requirements for that
the delivery of health services. licensure prior to enrollment.
Program Requirements Transfer Concentration Option

Total number of credits required: 120 credits Students may add a transfer concentration to the Bachelor
of Arts in Health Care Studies program by transferring in
12 applicable credits in a defined subject area. Transfer
Major Course Requirements: *30 credits concentrations are not required and are intended for
Electives: 47 credits students who have experience and/or extensive transfer
credit coursework in a field of study at the time of
admission to the program. The following major courses
are designated for substitution with concentration
coursework, where appropriate: HCA 305, SOC 313,
*In this program, 3 credits from the major may also satisfy HCA 340, and BUS 303. For additional details, see
General Education requirements. Transfer Concentration Guidelines in this Catalog section.
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits)

• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education Bachelor of Arts in History
(3 credits) In a world transformed by the powerful tides of
globalization, history provides an intellectual toolkit for
dealing with complex national and international realities.
Every aspect of the present is rooted in aspects of the past
Immersion in place-based knowledge and understanding

how unintended consequences shape our lives help • HIS 331 World War II (3 credits)
students to understand an increasingly complex world. • HIS 340 Recent American History (3 credits)
Program Outcomes • HIS 342 The Middle East (3 credits)

Students in the History program will be able to: • HIS 351 Asia in the Age of Decolonization &
• Identify appropriate historical sources and Globalization (3 credits)
utilize them in the creation of written and/or oral • HIS 379 The Atlantic World (3 credits)
narratives and analyses; • HIS 497 History Capstone: Advanced Research
• Interpret events, institutions, and human Project (3 credits)
communities in their historical contexts; + Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
• Explain historical phenomena in terms requirements and is required for online students with
of causation, agency, significance, and fewer than 24 transferable credits.
consequence; * Satisfies General Education requirements.
• Distinguish between history and other ways of
thinking about the past;
Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts
• Practice historical scholarship in an ethical The Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts major is designed
manner; for students who seek career opportunities in many fields.
• Utilize chronology appropriately; and The Liberal Arts program is designed to provide students
• Relate historical phenomenon to their with a broad-based liberal arts experience enriching
geographical contexts. the student’s understanding of the physical and social
world. The diversity of courses will enable the student
Program Requirements to examine major national and global issues, especially
Total number of credits required: 120 credits those issues related to cultures and their diversity. Liberal
studies emphasize literature, philosophy, social science,
General Education Requirements: *46 credits and analytical and critical thinking skills, all of which
Major Course Requirements: *42 credits prepare students for lifelong learning and social, cultural,
and technological change.
Note: The Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts program is not
Title IV Financial Aid eligible at this time. Students will
not be able to apply for nor receive Federal aid while
enrolled in this program.
General Education requirements. Program Outcomes
Students in the Liberal Arts program will be able to:
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits) • Demonstrate appropriate comparative and
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education analytical communication skills across
(3 credits) disciplines;
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life • Develop skills to conduct effective independent
Assessment (3 credits) research;
• Develop and apply culturally diverse
Major Course Requirements (42 credits) communication skills between and among
• HIS 303 The American Constitution (3 credits)
different groups and individuals in a global
• HIS 306 Twentieth-Century Europe (3 credits) environment;
• HIS 310 American Women’s History (3 credits) • Apply critical thinking skills in analyzing,
• *HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits) environmental, social, and political issues;
• *HIS 104 World Civilizations II (3 credits) • Develop the ability to integrate viewpoints from
different disciplines; and
• HIS 203 American History to 1865 (3 credits)
• Analyze the values that influence interactions
• HIS 204 American History Since 1865 (3 credits) among people, groups, and nations.
• HIS 378 Historiography & Historical
Methodologies (3 credits)
Program Requirements managing organizations, allowing for skill development in
Total number of credits required: 120 credits communication, group behavior, decision making, human
resource management, and ethics. Focused attention is
given to defining and understanding strategic planning,
Major Course Requirements: *33 credits financial management, law, and marketing areas in
Electives: 50 credits which an organizational leader must be knowledgeable to
be effective.
(residency requirement). Program Outcomes
Students in the Organizational Management program will
*In this program, 9 credits from the major may also satisfy be able to:
• Examine one’s personal leadership style
Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits) and determine its appropriateness to various
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education organizational situations;
(3 credits)
• Demonstrate appropriate decision-making skills
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life in organizational contexts;
• Formulate strategies for effective team
development;
• *SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives • Analyze alternative solutions for complex
(3 credits) business problems;
• *LIB 316 Historical Contexts & Literature • Compare and contrast individual characteristics
(3 credits) that influence work behaviors and organizational
effectiveness; and
(3 credits) • Analyze the impact of social problems on
the workplace at the individual, group,
• COM 321 Communication Theory (3 credits)
organizational, and societal levels.
• COM 360 Advanced Communications in Society
(3 credits) Program Requirements
• ENG 325 Intermediate Composition (3 credits)
• HIS 306 Twentieth-Century Europe (3 credits)
• LIB 315 The Environment & the Human Spirit
• LIB 332 Science & Culture (3 credits) Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
• LIB 356 Research Methods for the Humanities
(3 credits)
• LIB 495 Capstone – Advanced Research Project
(3 credits)
+ Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits)
requirements and is required for online students with • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
fewer than 24 transferable credits. (3 credits)
* Satisfies General Education requirements. • *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
Bachelor of Arts in Major Course Requirements (30 credits)

Organizational Management • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
The Organizational Management program is designed for (3 credits)
students who have work experience and desire to improve • MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations
their understanding of how organizations function and (3 credits)
develop effective skills in management and leadership.
• MGT 415 Group Behavior in Organizations
The curriculum places emphasis on the human side of
(3 credits)

• *SOC 402 Contemporary Social Problems & the • Analyze political issues and develop methods
Workplace (3 credits) to resolve them through effective and creative
• COM 425 Communication in Organizations communication;
(3 credits) • Develop the ability to undertake in-depth
• MGT 435 Organizational Change (3 credits) analyses of political behavior as it applies to
various political theories in democracy and
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management representation;
(3 credits)
• Assess critically the causes and implications of
• MGT 450 Strategic Planning (3 credits) conflict, compromise, and cooperation at the
• *PHI 445 Personal & Organizational Ethics local, national, transnational, and global levels;
(3 credits) and
• MGT 460 Leadership Priorities & Practice • Evaluate public policy as it relates to political
(3 credits) behavior, rights, and justice.
+ EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit Program Requirements
fewer than 24 transferable credits. Total number of credits required: 120 credits
* Satisfies General Education requirements. General Education Requirements: *46 credits

Transfer Concentration Option Electives: 38 credits
Students may add a transfer concentration to the Bachelor
of Arts in Organizational Management program by
transferring in 12 applicable credits in a defined subject
area. Transfer concentrations are not required and are
intended for students who have experience and/or
extensive transfer credit coursework in a field of study at Introductory Course Requirement (6 credits)
the time of admission to the program.The following major • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
courses are designated for substitution with concentration (3 credits)
coursework, where appropriate: COM 425, MGT 415, • *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
PHI 445, and SOC 402. For additional details, see Assessment (3 credits)
Transfer Concentration Guidelines in this Catalog section.
Bachelor of Arts in (3 credits)
Political Science and Government • POL 211 Introduction to Politics (3 credits)
The Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Government
focuses on the systematic study of political institutions, • POL 303 The American Constitution (3 credits)
behavior, political parties, research methods, comparative • POL 310 Environmental Policies (3 credits)
politics, and an emphasis on our national government. • POL 319 State & Local Government (3 credits)
Political Science is key for imparting knowledge of
political processes, values, and public policy and is • POL 325 Congress & the Presidency (3 credits)
designed to provide students with the analytical tools and • POL 353 Comparative Politics (3 credits)
critical thinking skills to address the intricate and complex • POL 355 International Relations (3 credits)
relationships among the private, public, transnational, and
global sectors. • POL 411 Political Behavior (3 credits)
• PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social
Program Outcomes Sciences (3 credits)
Students in the Political Science and Government program • PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits)
will be able to:
• POL 497 Political Science Capstone (3 credits)
• Demonstrate an understanding of the ways in
which power and authority are embedded in the + EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
structures and workings of the government and requirements and is required for online students with
politics; fewer than 24 transferable credits.

Bachelor of Arts in Psychology • PSY 330 Theories of Personality (3 credits)
The Psychology major focuses on the study of human • PSY 350 Physiological Psychology (3 credits)
behavior and mental processes. This major explores
• PSY 331 Psychology of Learning (3 credits)
psychology both as an area of scientific investigation
and as a health or human services profession. Students • PSY 496 Applied Project (3 credits)
majoring in psychology may also seek employment
Research and Statistics Requirement (6 credits):
opportunities in business, law, government, health care,
and other careers that involve understanding human • PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social
behavior and providing competent leadership. Sciences (3 credits)
• PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits)
Program Outcomes
Students in the Psychology program will be able to: Two Upper-Level Psychology Courses (6 credits):
• Analyze human behavior and mental processes; • PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology
• Analyze theories of continuing education in (3 credits)
psychology and related fields; • PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits)
• Evaluate theories of personality development; + EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
• Evaluate psychology research methods; requirements and is required for online students with
• Demonstrate communication behaviors
consistent with the study and practice of * Satisfies General Education requirements.
psychology; and
• Acquire and use skills and concepts that are Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration
fundamental to the ethical application of The Bachelor of Art in Public Administration is designed
psychology. for students who seek entry-level management careers
in government management at the federal, state, or local
Program Requirements level and nonprofit management. Students will receive a
Total number of credits required: 120 credits solid foundation in public sector practices and processes
General Education Requirements: *46 credits complemented by coursework in the social sciences.
Program Outcomes
Electives: 44 credits Students in the Public Administration program will be
Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division able to:
credits^ and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford • Demonstrate theoretical knowledge for
University (residency requirement). understanding, developing, and implementing
* In this program, 6 credits from the major may also public policy and administration;
satisfy General Education requirements. • Integrate academic theory and practical
^ In this program, students will need an additional 3 applications;
credits of upper-division credit beyond the major to satisfy • Apply management theory to the practice of
this requirement. public administration;
• Identify relevant political and legal factors in the
Introductory Course Requirement (3 credits)
policy process and analyze their roles critically;
and
(3 credits)
• Judge the ethical components of public
Major Course Requirements (36 credits) responsibility.
• PSY 104 Child & Adolescent Development
• PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
Assessment (3 credits) Major Course Requirements: *45 credits
• *PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits) Electives: 32 credits

Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division well as to develop competence in using planning skills
credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University to create and implement marketing and public relations
(residency requirement). solutions to meet client’s needs. Graduates will be able
* In this program, 3 credits from the major may also to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of
satisfy General Education requirements. marketing and public relations messages and engage
in problem analysis, strategic planning, message
development, and tactical solutions.
(3 credits) Program Outcomes
Students in the Public Relations and Marketing program
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life will be able to:
• Develop an understanding and mastery of
marketing, and public relations functions;
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations • Create a repertoire of communication skills in
(3 credits) order to become an effective communicator
across contexts;
• MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations
(3 credits) • Develop competence in using planning skills
to create and implement marketing and public
• POL 303 The American Constitution (3 credits)
relations solutions to meet client’s needs;
• POL 310 Environmental Policies (3 credits)
• Evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of
• ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics marketing and public relations messages; and
(3 credits)
• Engage in problem analysis, strategic planning,
• BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits) message development, and tactical solutions.
• PPA 301 Principles of Public Administration Total number of credits required: 120 credits
(3 credits) General Education Requirements: *46 credits
• PPA 303 Finance for Public Administrators Major Course Requirements: *45 credits
• PPA 305 Budgeting for Public Administrators Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
(3 credits) credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University
• PPA 307 Intergovernmental Relations & Issues (residency requirement).
(3 credits) * In this program, 6 credits from the major may also
• PPA 401 Urban Management (3 credits) satisfy General Education requirements.
• PPA 403 Administrative Law (3 credits)
• PPA 405 Personnel Management (3 credits) • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
• PPA 497 Public Policy Formation (3 credits) (3 credits)
+ Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit • *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
requirements and is required for online students with Assessment (3 credits)
* Satisfies General Education requirements. Major Course Requirements (45 credits)
Graphic Design (3 credits):
• *CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business
Bachelor of Arts in (3 credits)
Public Relations and Marketing
Graduates of the major in Public Relations and Marketing Management (3 credits):
will be able to develop an understanding and mastery of
marketing and public relations functions. Emphasis is on • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
creating a repertoire of communication skills in order to (3 credits)
become an effective communicator across contexts, as

Ethics (3 credits): • Investigate the operation of the criminal justice
• *PHI 445 Personal and Organizational Ethics system;
(3 credits) • Examine the relationship of social justice to the
criminal justice system; and
Project Management (3 credits): • Apply information from sociology, law,
• INF 410 Project Management (3 credits) psychology, ethics, and related fields to the study
of criminal justice.
Communications (3 credits):
• BUS 340 Business Communications (3 credits) Program Requirements
Research/Data Management (3 credits): General Education Requirements: *46 credits
• BUS 339 Marketing Research (3 credits) Major Course Requirements: *36 credits
Upper-Level Major Courses (24 credits):
• BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits) credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) (residency requirement).
• BUS 352 e-Business (3 credits) * In this program, 6 credits from the major may also
• BUS 336 Marketing Strategy (3 credits) satisfy General Education requirements.
• BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits) Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits)

• BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits) • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
• CGD 240 Media Writing and Editing (3 credits) (3 credits)
• CGD 318 Public Relations Practices and • *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
Promotional Writing (3 credits) Assessment (3 credits)
Capstone (3 credits): Major Course Requirements (36 credits)

Three Courses in Social Justice (9 credits):
• BUS 421 PR/Marketing Capstone (3 credits)
• *SOC 120 Intro to Ethics & Social
+ EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit Responsibility
requirements and is required for online students with • SOC 305 Crime & Society (3 credits)
• *SOC 331 Social Justice & Ethics (3 credits)
Four Courses in Criminal Justice (12 credits):
Bachelor of Arts in • CRJ 201 Introduction to Criminal Justice
Social and Criminal Justice (3 credits)
The Social and Criminal Justice major offers a unique • CRJ 301 Juvenile Justice (3 credits)
interdisciplinary program that examines criminal justice • CRJ 303 Corrections (3 credits)
from a perspective that sees it as a means of building
a more just society. Students examine topics such as • CRJ 422 Criminal Justice Capstone (3 credits)
forensics, psychology, crime prevention, the Constitution,
criminal law, and the correctional system. Five Upper-Level Major Courses (15 credits):
• CRJ 308 Psychology of Criminal Behavior
Program Outcomes (3 credits)
Students in the Social and Criminal Justice program will • CRJ 306 Criminal Law & Procedure (3 credits)
be able to:
• CRJ 311 Forensics (3 credits)
• Examine law enforcement issues;
• Apply knowledge to socio-economic (cultural)
diversity to criminal justice; • CRJ 305 Crime Prevention (3 credits)

+ EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit • HIS 303 The American Constitution (3 credits)
requirements and is required for online students with • HIS 306 Twentieth-Century Europe (3 credits)
* Satisfies General Education requirements. Four Courses in Psychology (12 credits):
Note: CRJ 201 should be taken prior to 300-level CRJ • PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
courses and above. • *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
• *PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
Bachelor of Arts in Social Science
The Social Science major offers students an opportunity • PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology
to focus their studies primarily in psychology, sociology, (3 credits)
history, and related social science fields. Online students
may have previous expertise recognized through a transfer Three Courses in Sociology (9 credits):
concentration. For a concentration in education, see • *SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)
the following BASS Ed program listing for partnership • *SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives
with Rio Salado College that leads to Arizona teaching (3 credits)
licensure.
• SOC 402 Contemporary Social Problems & the
Workplace (3 credits)
Program Outcomes
Students in the Social Science program will be able to:
Two Courses in Multidisciplinary Social Science
• Evaluate fundamental social science concepts; (6 credits):
• Examine the implications of social and cultural • LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives
diversity; (3 credits)
• Acquire and use a foundation of research skills • LIB 332 Science and Culture (3 credits)
from the social sciences, including history,
psychology, and sociology; One Course in Cross Cultural Perspectives (3 credits):
• Examine the relationship of service to social • *LIB 316 Historical Contexts & Literature
sciences; and (3 credits)
• Integrate knowledge from the social sciences,
including history, psychology, and sociology. One Course in Political Science (3 credits):
Total number of credits required: 120 credits One Course in Research (3 credits):
General Education Requirements: *46 credits • PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social
Major Course Requirements: *48 credits Sciences (3 credits)
One Capstone Course (3 credits):
• SOC 490 Social Science Capstone (3 credits)
+ EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
* In this program, 18 credits from the major may also requirements and is required for online students with
satisfy General Education requirements. fewer than 24 transferable credits
Introductory Course Requirement (3 credits)
• +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education Note: PSY 101, SOC 101, and HIS 204 should be taken
(3 credits) prior to 300-level courses and above in their respective
subject areas.
Three Courses in History (9 credits): Transfer Concentration Option
Students may add a transfer concentration to the Bachelor
• *HIS 204 American History Since 1865 of Arts in Social Science program by transferring in 12
(3 credits)

applicable credits in a defined subject area. Transfer Social Science with a Concentration in Education program
concentrations are not required and are intended for does not lead to any state teacher certification or licensure.
students who have experience and/or extensive transfer Students who intend to apply to the Post-Baccalaureate
credit coursework in a field of study at the time of Teacher Certification Program must meet all requirements
admission to the program. The following major courses of Rio Salado College to be admitted and enrolled in that
are designated for substitution with concentration program. Ashford University applicants, students, and
coursework, where appropriate: SOC 402, POL 310, graduates are responsible for reviewing, understanding,
HIS 306, and LIB 332. For additional details, see Transfer and meeting all Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Certification
Concentration Guidelines in this Catalog section. Program admission and completion requirements through
Rio Salado College.
Arizona teacher certification is accepted in the majority
Bachelor of Arts in Social Science of states. However, please be aware that license
with a Concentration in Education requirements of state boards and licensing agencies vary
This program is the result of a partnership with Rio Salado
from state to state and change over time. Consequently,
College in Phoenix, Arizona. The program meets the
successful completion of all degree requirements at Rio
needs of students who are seeking a Bachelor’s degree
Salado College does not guarantee that any state board
that is a requirement for certification as a teacher in
or licensing agency will accept a graduate’s application
Elementary, Secondary, or Special Education. Students
for licensure. The completion of all degree requirements
may be able to include some Rio Salado Level I teacher
also does not guarantee a teaching license. Graduates of
certification courses into their Ashford University
the Rio Salado Post- Baccalaureate Teacher Certification
baccalaureate degree plan of study.
Program must apply and fulfill all the state requirements
Upon receiving an Ashford University baccalaureate that are necessary to secure a teaching license. Students
degree and following successful completion of all are responsible to check with their particular state’s
Level I coursework, the student is eligible to submit Department of Education to determine if the Bachelor of
an application for formal acceptance into Rio Salado Arts in Social Science with a Concentration in Education
College’s Arizona Department of Education (ADE) program in conjunction with the Rio Salado College
approved Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Certification Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Certification Program are
Program. Following program acceptance, students can applicable towards certification and licensure in the
enroll in Level II education methods courses that are state in which they intend to teach. We highly encourage
required for Arizona teacher certification. students to research state requirements prior to enrolling at
Ashford University.
Ashford University/Rio Salado College The U.S. Department of Education’s website is a resource
Educational Partnership for students to research state certification and licensing
Ashford University has established an educational requirements. http://www.ed.gov/erod
partnership with Rio Salado College (RSC) in Tempe,
Arizona. Upon successful completion of all requirements Education Concentration Fee
for the Ashford University Bachelor of Arts in Social In addition to all other tuition and fees applicable to
Science with a Concentration in Education and upon students in the Ashford University Bachelor of Arts
successful completion of all of the Level I coursework in Social Science with a Concentration in Education
requirements of Rio Salado College, this collaborative program, an additional Education Concentration Fee
agreement enables graduates to apply for admission into of $140.00 charged when students enroll in their
the Arizona Department of Education (ADE) approved first Education concentration course. This fee covers
Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Certification Program at Rio additional costs associated with administrative functions
Salado. Upon completion of both programs, otherwise and program management inherent in the facilitation of
qualified students are able to apply for a State of Arizona Education concentrations.
teaching certificate in elementary or secondary education.
Successful completion and graduation from the Bachelor Education Program Seminar—
of Arts in Social Science with a Concentration in Education Concentration Partnership Course
Education program at Ashford University does not Students who enroll in the Bachelor of Arts in Social
guarantee admission to the Teacher Certification Post- Science with a Concentration in Education will be
Baccalaureate program at Rio Salado College. Successful registered into EDU285AA Education Program Seminar,
completion and graduation from the Bachelor of Arts in concurrently with their first education concentration

course at Ashford University. This is a one semester credit ^ * Phonics Based Reading
course offered through Rio Salado College. Students may and Decoding (Elective course
complete this course within one (1) to fourteen (14) weeks EDU 271 available for students planning 3
from initial enrollment. to pursue Elementary or
EDU285AA is a requirement of the Rio Salado College Special Education)
Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Certification Program. * Elementary Education
Students who successfully complete EDU285AA will also ~ Secondary Education
be eligible to transfer the course into their Bachelor of ^ Special Education
Arts in Social Science with a Concentration in Education
program as one (1) elective credit. Rio Salado College will Students planning to pursue teacher certification in
provide Ashford University with the student’s grade for Secondary Education are encouraged to review the
the course in order to apply the transfer credit towards the subject knowledge areas available for certification in
Bachelor of Arts in Social Science with a Concentration in their state and for secondary teacher certification in the
Education degree, if applicable. State of Arizona prior to beginning the program. Ashford
EDU285AA is offered as part of the partnership program University does not currently offer subject area knowledge
with Rio Salado College; therefore, no additional tuition is tracks; however, students may choose to complete
charged for initial enrollment in this course. Registration coursework in a particular subject area toward elective
is facilitated by Ashford University. As an element of credit in the Bachelor of Arts in Social Science with a
this partnership, Ashford University will provide Rio Concentration in Education degree while enrolled at
Salado College with the Social Security Number, name, Ashford University.
and contact information for each student enrolled in
this course to facilitate registration and to create an Program Outcomes
educational record at Rio Salado College. Students who Students in the Social Science with Education
do not successfully complete this course within fourteen Concentration will be able to:
(14) weeks of initial enrollment are required to re-enroll, • Evaluate fundamental social science concepts;
pay tuition, and pass the course through direct registration
• Examine the implications of social and cultural
at Rio Salado College.
diversity in social interactions;
Education Concentration Courses • Acquire and use a foundation of research skills
Students are permitted to begin Education Concentration from the social sciences and education including
coursework once they have successfully earned 89 or history, psychology, and sociology;
more credits in the Bachelor of Arts in Social Science • Examine the relationship of social science to
with a Concentration in Education program. Students who education; and
successfully complete the Ashford University Bachelor of • Integrate knowledge from the social sciences
Arts in Social Science with a Concentration in Education and education, including history, psychology,
at Ashford University with a grade of “B” or higher, and and sociology.
successfully complete EDU285AA, will have fulfilled the
following Level I course requirements towards the Rio
Salado College Post-Baccalaureate Teacher Certification
Program, dependent upon the student’s certification track
(*Elementary Education, ~Secondary Education, or General Education Requirements: *46 credits
^Special Education): Major Course Requirements: *39 credits
Rio Salado Rio Salado Electives: 47 credits
Credits
Course Course Title Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
^ * ~ Education credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University
EDU 285AA 1 (residency requirement).
Program Seminar
*In this program, 12 credits from the major may also
* ~ Introduction to Serving
EDU 220 3 satisfy General Education requirements.
English Language Learners
EDU 270 * ~ Learning and the Brain 3 Introductory Course Requirement (3 credits)
EDU 272 ^ * ~ Educational Psychology 3 • +EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education
(3 credits)

Major Course Requirements (39 credits) • Apply major sociological theoretical
• *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life perspectives;
• Explain the methodologies of collecting
• *LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives and assessing data that the discipline of
(3 credits) sociology offers;
• Assess the quality of sociological research by
• HIS 324 History of American Education applying the standards of the discipline;
(3 credits)
• Analyze critically major sociological issues; and
• *SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)
• Demonstrate an appreciation for cultural and
• *SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives
(3 credits) social diversity.
• PSY 104 Child & Adolescent Development Program Requirements

• EDU 360 Philosophy of Education (3 credits) General Education Requirements: *46 credits
• PSY 372 Educational Psychology (3 credits) Major Course Requirements: *36 credits
• PSY 370 Learning & the Brain (3 credits) Electives: 47 credits
• EDU 321 Introduction to Serving English Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
Language Learners (3 credits) credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford University
• EDU 371 Phonics-Based Reading & Decoding (residency requirement).
(3 credits) * In this program, 9 credits from the major may also
• EDU 490 Interdisciplinary Capstone (3 credits) satisfy General Education requirements.
+ EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit
(3 credits)
Note: All courses that apply toward the Post- Assessment (3 credits)
Baccalaureate Teaching Certification Program at Rio
Salado must have a minimum grade of 3.00 to transfer, Major Course Requirements (36 credits)
and students must have an overall GPA of 2.50 to gain
Lower-Level Major Requirement (6 credits):
admittance into the program.
Level I courses taken at Rio Salado College will be
accepted in transfer toward degree completion at Ashford • SOC 203 Social Problems (3 credits)
University.
Research and Statistics Requirement (6 credits):
Bachelor of Arts in Sociology • PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social
The BA in Sociology focuses on the study of human Sciences (3 credits)
beings in their social settings. Sociology majors study • PSY 326 Research Methods (3 credits)
topics such as social structures, various forms of social
interactions, racial and ethnic groups, and the making and
Upper-Level Major Requirement (24 credits):
implementation of social policy. Graduates of the program
are prepared for entry-level social science-linked and • SOC 304 Social Gerontology (3 credits)
social service positions. • SOC 305 Crime & Society (3 credits)
Program Outcomes • SOC 308 Racial & Ethnic Groups (3 credits)
Students in the Sociology program will be able to: • SOC 312 Child, Family, & Society (3 credits)
• Demonstrate a knowledge of basic sociological • *SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives
concepts; (3 credits)

• SOC 320 Public Policy & Social Services Major Course Requirements: *45 credits
• *SOC 331 Social Justice & Ethics (3 credits) Students must earn a minimum of 30 upper-division
• SOC 490 Social Science Capstone (3 credits) credits and a minimum of 21 credits at Ashford
University (residency requirement).
+ EXP 105 fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit * In this program, 3 credits from the major may also
requirements and is required for online students with satisfy General Education requirements.
Note: A minor in Business Administration is not
* Satisfies General Education requirements. available to students majoring in Sports and
Recreation Management.
Bachelor of Arts in
Sports and Recreation Management Introductory Course Requirements (6 credits)
The Sports and Recreation Management major helps
(3 credits)
to prepare professionals for managerial positions
in the sports and recreation industry including • *PSY 202 Adult Development & Life
professional, intercollegiate, and interscholastic Assessment (3 credits)
sports; sport/fitness clubs; sports/athletics equipment
merchandising; public, private, and commercial Major Course Requirements (45 credits)
recreation programs; and intramural and recreational • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
sports. • MGT 330 Management for Organizations
Students complete coursework in the following areas: (3 credits)
accounting, business, economics, English, information • BUS 303 Human Resource Management
systems, philosophy, physical education, sociology, (3 credits)
speech, and psychology. The curriculum consists of
learning experiences that are essential for assuming • BUS 307 Operations Management &
entry-level business management positions in the Quantitative Techniques (3 credits)
sports and recreation profession. Students completing • BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
the required coursework will be exposed to various • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
theories of management in the field of business
administration, exhibit college-level writing and • SRM 410 Contemporary Issues in Sports
speaking skills, and acquire a knowledge base in the Marketing & Management (3 credits)
field of sports and recreation management. • ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
(3 credits)
Program Outcomes • SRM 320 Organization & Administration of
Students in the Sports and Recreation Management Sports & Recreation Management (3 credits)
• Integrate knowledge from sports recreation and
business administration fields; Practicum/Case Study (3 credits):
• Apply theory to practice; • SRM 325 Case Research in Sports & Recreation
• Communicate effectively in a variety of Management (3 Credits)
modalities;
• Apply business procedures to team and facilities Communication Requirement (3 credits):
management; and • BUS 340 Business Communications (3 credits)
• Demonstrate appropriate decision-making skills
in organizational contexts. Public Relations/Media Requirement (3 credits):
• CGD 318 Public Relations Practices &
Program Requirements Promotional Writing (3 credits)
General Education Requirements: *46 credits Project Management Requirement (3 Credits):

Information and Technology (3 Credits): • BUS 303 Human Resource Management
• *CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business (3 credits)
(3 credits) • BUS 311 Business Law I (3 credits)
+ Fulfills 3 credits toward total elective credit • BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits)
requirements and is required for online students with • ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
fewer than 24 transferable credits. (3 credits)
Business Economics Minor

Minors (18 credits)
The Center for External Studies offers minors to provide Not available in Bachelor of Arts in Business Economics.
students with additional opportunities to broaden and • BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits)
enrich their education. A minor is a program of study • ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics
that is distinct from and supplements a student’s major. A (3 credits)
minor may be taken as a way to give a coherent pattern to
elective credits, to expand career options, to prepare for • ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics
graduate study, or simply to explore in greater depth an (3 credits)
area different from one’s major. • ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets
Coursework that is applied toward fulfillment of a (3 credits)
minor may count toward elective or General Education • ECO 320 International Economics (3 credits)
requirements, but will not apply toward fulfillment of a
transfer concentration or specialization. Students cannot
earn a minor in the same subject area as their major field
of study or a major that has more than 50% of the same Child Development Minor
coursework, unless otherwise noted. Students must declare (18 credits)
a minor prior to degree conferral.
• PSY 104 Child & Adolescent Development
(3 credits)
Accounting Minor • SOC 312 Child, Family & Society (3 credits)
(18 credits)
• ECE 315 Language Development in Young
Please note: This minor is not available to students Children (3 credits)
majoring in Accounting.
• ECE 353 Cognitive Development of Infants &
• ACC 205 Accounting Principles I (3 credits) Young Children (3 credits)
• ACC 206 Accounting Principles II (3 credits) • ECE 354 Assessment & Intervention During
• ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I (3 credits) Early Childhood (3 credits)
• ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II (3 credits) • ECE 355 Understanding Behavior & Family
Dynamics (3 credits)
• ACC 310 Cost Accounting I (3 credits)
• ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I (3 credits)
Entrepreneurship Minor
(18 credits)
Business Administration Minor • BUS 362 Introduction to Entrepreneurship
(18 credits)
(3 credits)
Please note: This minor is not available to students
• BUS 365 Creativity & Innovation (3 credits)
majoring in Business Administration and Business
Economics. • BUS 368 Venture Capital & Banking (3 credits)
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations • BUS 433 New Business Strategy (3 credits)
(3 credits) • BUS 435 Small Business Ventures (3 credits)
• ACC 205 Accounting Principles I (3 credits) • BUS 437 Business Plan Development (3 credits)

Finance Minor • BUS 303 Human Resource Management
• ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits) • BUS 370 Organizational Development (3 credits)
• BUS 215 Personal Financial Management • BUS 372 Employee & Labor Relations
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets • BUS 375 Employee Training (3 credits)
(3 credits) • BUS 434 Compensation & Benefits Management
• BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 405 Principles of Investments (3 credits)
• BUS 430 Finance Seminar (3 credits) Information Systems Minor
(18 credits)
Health Care Administration Minor majoring in Business Information Systems.
(18 credits)
majoring in Health Care Administration. • INF 231 Programming Concepts (3 credits)
• HCA 305 The U.S. Health Care System • INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits)
(3 credits) • INF 322 Database Management Systems
• HCA 340 Managing in Health & Human (3 credits)
Services (3 credits) • INF 325 Telecommunications & Networking
• *HCA 322 Health Care Ethics & Medical Law Concepts (3 credits)
(3 credits) • INF 410 Project Management (3 credits)
• HCA 415 Community & Public Health
(3 credits) International Management Minor
(18 credits)
(3 credits) • ECO 320 International Economics (3 credits)
• HCA 430 Special Populations (3 credits) • BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits)
• BUS 378 International Business Law (3 credits)
History Minor • *BUS 403 International Business (3 credits)
(18 credits) • BUS 439 International Human Resources
Please note: This minor is not available to students Management (3 credits)
majoring in History. • BUS 450 International Finance (3 credits)
• *HIS 103 World Civilizations I (3 credits)
• HIS 203 American History to 1865 (3 credits) Marketing Minor
(18 credits)
• HIS 306 Twentieth-Century Europe (3 credits)
majoring in Public Relations and Marketing.
• HIS 379 The Atlantic World (3 credits)
• HIS 340 Recent American History (3 credits)
• BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
• BUS 336 Marketing Strategy (3 credits)
Human Resources Management Minor • BUS 339 Marketing Research (3 credits)
(18 credits)
• BUS 343 International Marketing (3 credits)
majoring in Organizational Management. • BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits)
(3 credits)

Operations Management Minor Project Management Minor
Required Courses • INF 338 Leadership & Communication Skills for
• BUS 307 Operations Management & Project Managers (3 credits)
Quantitative Techniques (3 credits) • INF 342 Project Quality Assurance (3 credits)
• BUS 308 Statistics for Managers (3 credits) • INF 336 Project Procurement Management
• INF 336 Project Procurement Management (3 credits)
(3 credits) • INF 337 Integrated Cost & Schedule Control
• INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 445 Total Quality Management (3 credits) • INF 410 Project Management (3 credits)
• BUS 446 Production Control (3 credits) • MGT 435 Organizational Change (3 credits)
Organizational Management Minor Psychology Minor

Please note: This minor is not available to students Please note: This minor is not available to students
majoring in Organizational Management. majoring in Psychology.
• MGT 330 Management for Organizations • PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology (3 credits)
(3 credits) • PSY 331 Psychology of Learning (3 credits)
• MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations • PSY 350 Physiological Psychology (3 credits)
(3 credits) • *PSY 301 Social Psychology (3 credits)
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management • PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology
• MGT 415 Group Behavior in Organizations • PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• COM 425 Communication in Organizations
Public Administration Minor
(18 credits)
(3 credits)
majoring in Public Administration.
Political Science and Government Minor • PPA 301 Principles of Public Administration
Please note: This minor is not available to students • PPA 305 Budgeting for Public Administrators
majoring in Political Science and Government. (3 credits)
• POL 201 American National Government • PPA 401 Urban Management (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• PPA 403 Administrative Law (3 credits)
• PPA 405 Personnel Management (3 credits)
• POL 211 Introduction to Politics (3 credits)
• POL 353 Comparative Politics (3 credits)
• POL 355 International Relations (3 credits)

Social and Criminal Justice Minor
(18 credits)
Specializations
A specialization is an area of study that supplements
Please note: This minor is not available to students select undergraduate majors. Students begin specialization
majoring in Social and Criminal Justice. coursework following successful completion of the major
• CRJ 201 Introduction to Criminal Justice capstone. Students must declare a specialization prior
(3 credits) to completion of program requirements. A student may
not enroll in any undergraduate specialization that has a
• CRJ 301 Juvenile Justice (3 credits)
course overlap with any declared major(s).
• CRJ 305 Crime Prevention (3 credits) Business Economics Specialization
• CRJ 306 Criminal Law & Procedure (3 credits) (12 credits)
• CRJ 311 Forensics (3 credits) Available for Bachelor of Arts in Accounting degree
program only.
Sociology Minor (3 credits)
(18 credits)
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets
(3 credits)
majoring in Sociology.
• *SOC 203 Social Problems (3 credits)
• SOC 305 Crime & Society (3 credits) Corrections Management Specialization
(12 credits)
• SOC 308 Racial & Ethnic Groups (3 credits)
Available for Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal
• SOC 312 Child, Family & Society (3 credits) Justice degree program only.
• CRJ 461 Corrections Administration &
Sports and Recreation Management Minor Management (3 credits)
(18 credits) • CRJ 463 Contemporary Corrections Issues
Please note: This minor is not available to students (3 credits)
majoring in Sports and Recreation Management. • CRJ 465 Corrections & Incarceration (3 credits)
• ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits) • CRJ 467 Probation & Parole (3 credits)
(3 credits)
Entrepreneurship Specialization
• BUS 303 Human Resource Management (12 credits)
(3 credits)
• BUS 330 Principles of Marketing (3 credits) Administration, Health Care Administration, and Sports
• SOC 318 Sociology of Sport (3 credits) and Recreation Management degree programs only.
• SRM 410 Contemporary Issues in Sports • BUS 362 Introduction to Entrepreneurship
Marketing & Management (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 365 Creativity & Innovation (3 credits)
*Satisfies General Education requirements. • BUS 368 Venture Capital & Banking (3 credits)
• BUS 437 Business Plan Development (3 credits)

Finance Specialization Human Resources
(12 credits) Management Specialization
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting, Business (12 credits)
Administration, Health Care Administration, and Sports Available in Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration,
and Recreation Management degree programs only. Health Care Administration and Organizational
• BUS 215 Personal Financial Management Management degree programs only.
(3 credits) • BUS 370 Organizational Development (3 credits)
• ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets • BUS 372 Employee & Labor Relations
• BUS 401 Principles of Finance (3 credits) • BUS 375 Employee Training (3 credits)
• BUS 405 Principles of Investments (3 credits) • BUS 434 Compensation & Benefits Management
(3 credits)
Forensics Specialization
(12 credits) Information Systems Specialization
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal (12 credits)
Justice degree program only. Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting, Business
• CRJ 451 Homicide Investigation & Evidence Administration, Health Care Administration, Public
Gathering (3 credits) Relations and Marketing and Sports and Recreation
Management degree programs only.
• CRJ 453 Criminal Profiling (3 credits)
• CRJ 455 Criminal Law (3 credits)
• INF 340 Business Systems Analysis (3 credits)
• CRJ 457 Forensic Evidence & the Law
(3 credits) • INF 322 Database Management Systems
(3 credits)
History Specialization Concepts (3 credits)
(12 credits)
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and
Government and Social Science degree programs only. International Management Specialization
(12 credits)
• HIS 379 The Atlantic World (3 credits)
• HIS 340 Recent American History (3 credits) Administration, Health Care Administration, and Public
• HIS 342 The Middle East (3 credits) Relations and Marketing degree programs only.
• HIS 331 World War II (3 credits) • ECO 320 International Economics (3 credits)
Homeland Security Specialization • BUS 403 International Business (3 credits)
(12 credits) • BUS 450 International Finance (3 credits)
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal
Justice degree program only.
Marketing Specialization
• CRJ 441 Homeland Defense (3 credits) (12 credits)
• CRJ 443 Intelligence & Homeland Security Available in Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
(3 credits) and Sports and Recreation Management degree programs
• CRJ 445 Consequence Management: Terrorism only.
Preparation & Response (3 credits) • BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising (3 credits)
• CRJ 447 Homeland Security Organization • BUS 339 Marketing Research (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• BUS 350 Consumer Behavior (3 credits)

Operations Management Specialization Public Administration Specialization
Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting and Business Available in Bachelor of Arts in Accounting, Business
Administration degree programs only. Administration, Health Care Administration, and
• BUS 307 Operations Management & Organizational Management degree programs only.
Quantitative Techniques (3 credits) • PPA 301 Principles of Public Administration
• INF 336 Project Procurement Management (3 credits)
(3 credits) • PPA 305 Budgeting for Public Administrators
• BUS 445 Total Quality Management (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 446 Production Control (3 credits) • PPA 401 Urban Management (3 credits)
Political Science and

Government Specialization Security Management Specialization
Available in Bachelor of Arts in History, Social and Available in Bachelor of Arts in Social and Criminal
Criminal Justice, Social Science and Sociology degree Justice degree program only.
programs only. • CRJ 433 Principle and Theory of Security Issues
• POL 319 State & Local Government (3 credits) (3 credits)
• POL 310 Environmental Policies (3 credits) • CRJ 435 Evaluation of Security Programs
• POL 355 International Relations (3 credits) (3 credits)
• POL 411 Political Behavior (3 credits) • CRJ 437 Contemporary Issues in Security
• CRJ 439 Security Administration (3 credits)
Project Management Specialization
(12 credits)
Sports and Recreation
Administration, Health Care Administration, Management Specialization
Organizational Management, Public Relations and (12 credits)
Marketing, and Sports and Recreation Management Available in Bachelor of Arts in Organizational
degree programs only. Management and Public Administration degree programs
• INF 342 Project Quality Assurance (3 credits) only.
• INF 336 Project Procurement Management • ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I (3 credits)
• INF 337 Integrated Cost & Schedule Control • SOC 318 Sociology of Sport (3 credits)
(3 credits) • SRM 410 Contemporary Issues in Sports
• INF 410 Project Management (3 credits) Marketing & Management (3 credits)

Center for External Studies
Graduate Programs
Section Nine The Center for External Studies offers the following
graduate programs through three colleges.

• Master of Arts in Health Care Administration
College of Business and

Professional Studies
• Master of Arts in Organizational Management
• Master of Business Administration
• Master of Public Administration
College of Education
• Master of Arts in Education
• Master of Arts in Teaching and Learning
with Technology
Center for Academic Policies

and Procedures
External Studies Academic Calendar
Graduate
The academic calendar for Ashford University graduate
programs is continuous, rather than defined by semester
dates. Typically, students take one course at a time and
Programs move to the next course in the program sequence without

a break. Opportunities to enroll in graduate studies and to
begin a course sequence in a degree program are available
frequently throughout the calendar year.
Most courses are six weeks long with an annual two-week
Winter Break when courses are not scheduled. The Winter
Break for 2009-2010 occurs from December 23, 2009 to
January 4, 2010.
Program Enrollment
Initial enrollment in Ashford University graduate
programs is arranged through a University Enrollment
Advisor. New online students should contact an
Enrollment Advisor to register. It is the student’s
responsibility to officially register for the program
course of study. After initial enrollment, students will
work with their Academic Advisors to register, add
courses, or change their course schedule. Any change in
the original registration must be communicated to the
student’s Academic Advisor. Major changes in a student’s
schedule may necessitate completion of a new Admissions
Application and Enrollment Agreement.
185
External Studies Graduate Programs
Technology Requirement c. A minimum of 30 credits have been earned from
Students must possess the following online competencies: regionally or approved nationally accredited
colleges/universities in the United States or
• Ability to access course and program material on
equivalent in which the primary language of
the Web;
instruction was English; or
• Ability to correspond with University staff,
d. Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)
students, and faculty using email and the Web;
examination taken within the past two (2) years.
and
A minimum score of 213 computer based, 550
• Ability to use appropriate antivirus utilities so paper based, or 79 Internet based is required.
that files transmitted and received are virus free. Copies of official scores must be submitted prior
Minimally, students must have a computer with the to provisional enrollment, and official scores
following features and system configurations: must be submitted prior to full admission.
• Platforms: Mac OS X 10.2 or greater or
Windows 2000, NT, or XP or greater;
Provisional Admission
Status Requirements
• Hardware: 256 Mb RAM, CD-ROM, and 1 Gb Students are provisionally admitted to a Master’s degree
free disk space; program when they submit a completed application
• Productivity Software: Microsoft Word, indicating that they meet admission requirements outlined
PowerPoint, Excel, and Adobe Acrobat; above and that they meet any admissions requirements
applicable to their specific degree program. Students must
• Web Browser: Firefox, Netscape 6 or greater,
also pay the appropriate application fee. Students who
Internet Explorer 5.5 or greater, Safari, or Opera;
then enroll in courses are considered regular students in
• Networking: 56k dialup modem, DSL, or cable their degree program; however, students who do not meet
modem; and all requirements for full admission are disqualified and
• Email: Outlook, Outlook Express, Mac Mail, withdrawn from the program at the conclusion of the third
Eudora, Entourage, or Yahoo/Hotmail/ (3rd) attempted Ashford University course.
Google mail.
Full Admission Status Requirements
Graduate Studies The following provisions must be met prior to the
General Admission Requirements conclusion of three (3) attempted Ashford University
Students seeking admission to any Master’s degree courses. To begin the fourth (4th) Ashford University
program are required to meet the following requirements: course, students must complete all the requirements
outlined below; meet all admissions requirements
• Have a Bachelor’s degree from a regionally
applicable to their specific degree program; and pay all
accredited or approved nationally accredited
required tuition, fees, and applicable taxes due to Ashford
college or university with a grade point average
University. Students who do not complete all requirements
(GPA) of 2.0 or above. Students with a grade
are disqualified and withdrawn from the program at the
point average of 2.0 to 2.74 will be placed on
conclusion of the third (3rd) attempted Ashford University
first-term academic probation;
course.
• Have access to a computer with an Internet
• Submission of a transcript from the regionally
connection for the Web-based programs and
accredited or approved nationally accredited
meet the minimum technology and minimum
institution that awarded the baccalaureate degree
computer skills, abilities, features, system
indicating a minimum GPA of 2.0.
in this Catalog; • Submission of official transcripts from
institutions where graduate credit was earned
• Have the ability to study in English indicated by
or a signed Authorization to Close form
one of the following:
indicating relinquishment of potential transfer
a. Achieved a recognized high school diploma or credits for any official transcripts the student
equivalent in which the primary language of is unable to provide. (The Ashford University
instruction was English; Registrar Office staff will manage the request
b. Received a GED that was taken in English; of all transcripts for students who have signed a
Transcript Request form.)

• Students who do not meet the minimum GPA Additional Admission Requirements
requirements outlined in the following two for International Applicants
options but do have a minimum of a 2.0 GPA The following requirements are applicable to international
are fully admitted on first-term probation and applicants and applicants relying on academic credentials
are required to achieve a cumulative GPA of earned outside the United States for admission to the
3.00 and successfully complete 67% of credits programs offered through the Center for External Studies.
attempted in the first three (3) graduate-level
courses attempted at Ashford University. Provisional Admission Status Requirements
• Students who have completed only a In addition to the requirements for provisional admission
Bachelor’s degree or fewer than 12 credits outlined in the admission policy for graduate programs,
of graduate-level coursework will have their copies of documentation indicating that the student meets
GPA calculated for the Bachelor’s degree only the following admission requirements are required for
to meet the 2.75 GPA requirements. provisional admission:
• Students who have completed 12 credits or • Submit copies of an official evaluation from an
more of graduate-level coursework may have approved evaluation service indicating that the
their GPA calculated for graduate coursework student has met the following requirements:
to meet the 3.0 graduate GPA requirement.
• The equivalent of a regionally or approved
• At the conclusion of the first academic probation nationally accredited Bachelor’s degree from
period or the first 9 attempted credits, any the United States.
student who does not meet the requirements for
satisfactory academic progress may be dismissed • The requirement for official evaluation of
from the University. However, a student may the Bachelor’s degree may be waived when
appeal to the University Registrar to take up to a Master’s degree has been earned at an
nine (9) additional credits of coursework for a appropriately accredited university in the
second academic probation under the following United States.
conditions: • All academic records from countries other than
• Student has achieved a successful completion the United States must have been evaluated by
rate of at least 67% and has at least a 2.50 one of the following evaluation services:
GPA during the first probationary period; or • Educational Credentials Evaluators, Inc.
• Student has achieved a successful completion (ECE); OR
rate of at least 33% and has at least a 3.00 • World Education Services (WES)
GPA, but has not met all requirements for
Note: Students who have already had their international
satisfactory academic progress; or
credentials evaluated prior to making application to
• Student has experienced extreme, temporary Ashford University may petition the University Registrar
hardship during the probationary period. for acceptance of evaluations from other credible
• Students must submit official TOEFL scores, if agencies.
required for admission.
Note: See the Satisfactory Academic Progress Full Admission Status Requirements
Requirements in this section to review all related In addition to the requirements for full admission
Satisfactory Academic Progress guidelines. outlined in the admission policy for graduate programs,
international students must submit an official evaluation
Master of Business Administration and Master of
sent directly from an approved evaluation service
Public Administration Program-Specific Requirements:
indicating that the student meets full admission
Students who submit official transcripts indicating
requirement (student copies are not accepted) prior to
that they have earned a Bachelor’s degree in Business,
the conclusion of three (3) Ashford University courses.
Business Administration, Accounting, Finance, Economics
To begin the fourth (4th) Ashford University course,
or have successfully completed undergraduate coursework
international students must complete the requirement or
in Economics, Accounting, and Finance with a grade of
they will be disqualified and withdrawn from the program
“C” or higher will be exempt from the requirement to take
at the conclusion of the third (3rd) attempted Ashford
BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles. Students
University course.
are responsible for notifying their Academic Advisor if
they believe they have met these requirements through
previous college coursework and are responsible for
submitting official transcripts for verification.
Transfer Credit Policy • Transfer of credit requests are not granted until
Students who have earned graduate-level course credits students have been accepted into a Master’s-
prior to matriculation at Ashford University may be level program.
eligible to transfer up to nine (9) credits towards an
Ashford University graduate-level degree. Once admitted Registration
and/or matriculated into an Ashford University Master’s Initial registration and student scheduling is a one-time
program, students are not permitted to take coursework at process based upon the information provided to Ashford
other institutions and transfer it into Ashford University. University in the admission application. The student’s
initial schedule is based upon the student’s desired start
Graduate-level college credits completed are acceptable
date and program of study in conjunction with previous
for transfer under the following conditions:
education. Initial registration occurs in consultation
• Credits should have been earned no more than with an enrollment advisor. Upon completion of initial
ten (10) years before the date of admission registration, students have access to their individual course
and/or matriculation to the degree program to schedules and the dates of each course for which they are
which the credit is to be applied. registered via the student portal.
• Graduate courses cannot have been used to Student schedules are adjusted by the student’s Academic
satisfy the requirements for a previous graduate Advisor, in consultation with the student, to accommodate
degree, including Ashford University courses. courses applied in transfer once the admission file is
• The course must have been equivalent in content completed and the student receives full admission to
and level to the Ashford University course the University. It is the student’s responsibility to review
against which it is to be applied. his or her schedule regularly through the student portal
and to notify their Academic Advisor to initiate any
• The course must have been a graduate-level
schedule changes.
course, taken for equivalent graduate-level
credit at a regionally accredited college or
university or Ashford University approved Schedule Changes, Program Changes,
nationally accredited college. and Course Cancellation
Ashford University reserves the right to make adjustments
• Credits earned outside the United States must to student schedules including, but not limited to course
be evaluated for equivalency to both content dates, sequence, and modality as deemed necessary
and degree level of the Ashford University by University administration. Registration in a
course. particular course section or with a specific instructor is
• Ashford University does not accept for not guaranteed.
graduate credit any credits earned as military Ashford University may cancel or postpone courses or
credit, credit by examination, credit by programs as deemed necessary by the University. In
correspondence, credit for life experience, or such situations, the University will work with students
graduate credit from non-accredited schools, in an effort to provide them with the opportunity to
unless offered in an approved program or reschedule or to transfer to a comparable University
under an arrangement approved by Ashford course or program, if available. Any payments made for
University. canceled courses will be refunded or applicable to another
• Students must have earned a grade of “B” or University course or program.
better for any transfer course. The University will make a reasonable attempt to notify
• All capstone courses must be taken at Ashford affected students through various communication
University. Degree programs may determine methods.
that certain courses are not eligible for transfer
of credit. Degree-Seeking Student Classifications
• Official transcripts are required for transfer Class Level:
credit to be considered. In addition, students Students enrolled in graduate programs are classified as
may be required to provide a copy of the catalog graduate-level students.
description and/or the course syllabus from
the institution where the credit was awarded Enrollment Status:
to validate that the course satisfies the transfer
Students who remain continuously enrolled in a graduate-
credit criteria.
level program are considered full-time students.

Graduate Program Online attendance policy. The request must be supported by
Course Attendance Policy the instructor and the student must submit the rationale
Students taking classes in an accelerated format are for the exception to his or her Academic Advisor, prior
expected to attend each week. Students are required to to the second absence, for approval by an academic
log in to each online course by Tuesday during the week administrator with oversight for the student’s program
in which the course officially begins and to complete of enrollment.
the initial introductory postings required in the course. Note: New students who do not meet attendance
Students must log in at least one additional day during requirements for the first week of their first course
the first week of the course. Students must log in on two will be administratively dropped from the course and must
separate days each subsequent week of the course to meet work with their Enrollment Advisor to reschedule their
attendance requirements. enrollment in the program.
Students who fail to meet these attendance requirements
in one week of the course will be given an absence for Leave of Absence Policy
that week. Students in graduate programs are allowed Although Ashford University encourages continuous
one absence per course. Students should contact the enrollment from the time of matriculation through
instructor in advance and make arrangements to complete graduation for all students, from time to time
the required assignments. Acceptance of late work is circumstances may warrant a short break in enrollment.
at the discretion of the instructor. Students who fail to Students who take a break of 29 days or less remain
meet the attendance requirements for a second week in continuously enrolled and are classified as full-time.
the course will be administratively dropped from the Students who need to request a break in enrollment that
course retroactive to the last date of recorded attendance. is longer than 29 days may request a Leave of Absence
Required courses must then be repeated. Please refer to (LOA).
drop policies for grade implications when not meeting • Students are limited to no more than two (2)
attendance requirements. Students who are dropped for Leaves of Absence within a 12-month period.
not meeting attendance requirements and do not attend
• Each LOA cannot exceed a total of 90 days and
class within 29 days of their last date of attendance will be
administratively withdrawn.
• The start date of the LOA is based on the last
date of documented attendance.
be administratively dropped from the course and must • Students who are requesting a leave of absence
work with their Enrollment Advisor to reschedule their must complete a Leave of Absence Request form.
enrollment in the program. A financial aid student considering a Leave of
Absence should contact the Financial Aid Office
Graduate Program to discuss the impact on financial aid eligibility.
ASPIRE Course Attendance Policy At the point a student withdraws or falls below
Students taking classes in an accelerated format are at least half-time enrollment status, student loan
expected to attend each class session. Students who fail to grace/repayment periods begin.
meet the attendance requirement in one week of the course • Leave of Absence Requests must be signed and
will be given an absence for that week. Students should submitted on or before the last day of class
contact the instructor in advance and make arrangements attendance. Requests submitted after the last day
to complete the required assignments. Acceptance of late of attendance require an explanation. Requests
work is at the discretion of the instructor. Students who submitted greater than 29 days after last date of
fail to meet the attendance requirements for a second week attendance will not be approved.
in the course will be Please refer to drop policies for grade • Students who do not return from an approved
implications when not meeting attendance requirements. LOA will be withdrawn from the University as of
Students who are dropped for not meeting attendance their last date of documented attendance.
requirements and do not attend class within 29 days of
their last date of attendance will be administratively • Students experiencing extreme temporary
dropped from the course retroactive to the last date of hardship that limits their ability to return to
recorded attendance. The course must then be repeated. school within the period of their approved leave
may contact their Academic Advisor or the
Students who must miss more than one week of Financial Aid Office to discuss potential options
attendance due to extreme extenuating circumstances prior to expiration of their approved Leave of
beyond their control may appeal for an exception to the

Absence. In such cases, a second LOA may Concurrent Course
be requested during the last 30 days of their (Double Up) Registration Policy
approved LOA. • Concurrent course registration may occur when
the student is fully admitted and has completed
Course Drop his or her first two courses.
To drop from a course(s), a student must contact his or
her assigned Enrollment Advisor, Academic Advisor, or • Student must be meeting Satisfactory Academic
other advisor within the Admissions or Student Services Progress requirements.
Departments. Students who officially drop from a course • Payment of concurrent courses is not deferred
or courses during the add/drop period, which is before and must be paid for in advance of the course
the conclusion of the first 10% of the total number of start date.
instructional weeks of attendance, will have that course
• Concurrent course registration cannot violate
removed from their academic transcripts.
progression or prerequisite requirements.
Drop Deadline: 6-week course = Week 1
• At no time may a student attend more than two
Students who officially drop or are administratively Ashford University courses concurrently in
dropped from a course after 10% and prior to the last 75% online and ASPIRE modalities.
grade of “W” in the course. Students who officially drop Auditing of Courses
or are administratively dropped from a course after 75% Ashford University does not allow graduate-level
of the total instructional time will receive a grade of “WF” course auditing due to the accelerated nature of
in the course. course offerings and the unique nature of the online
classroom environment.
Official Program Withdrawal
Students in the Center for External Studies programs
wishing to officially withdraw from Ashford University Satisfactory Academic
must notify their assigned Enrollment Advisor, Academic Progress (SAP) Policy
Advisor, or other advisor within the Admissions or We are dedicated to the academic success of our students.
Student Success Departments. Students choosing to In this vein, the following policy outlines the academic
notify their Academic Advisors verbally of their intent to requirements for Ashford University graduate programs
withdraw may be asked to fill out a written request and how they will be measured to ensure that students
to withdraw. Please refer to drop policies for grade are making satisfactory academic progress toward
implications when not meeting attendance requirements. successful degree completion. This policy will be applied
Students who are dropped for not meeting attendance to all graduate-level coursework attempted at Ashford
requirements and do not attend class within 29 days of University, regardless of date attempted.
their last date of attendance will be administratively
withdrawn. Graduate Non-Term-Based Program Measures
• Week = 7 calendar days
The student must resolve any financial obligations to
Ashford University before receiving an official transcript • Academic Year Definition = 36 weeks of
from the University Registrar. instructional time; 18 earned credits
• Financial Aid Payment Period = Minimum 9
Repeating Courses earned credits; 18 weeks of instructional time
A student may repeat a given graduate course once. A
maximum of two different courses may be repeated. Both • Satisfactory Academic Progress Increment = 9
courses remain on the transcript. The grade point average attempted credits
will be calculated based on the grade given in the second
course. Exceptions to the limit on repeating courses must Satisfactory Academic Progress Standards
be approved by the Vice President of Academic Affairs or Graduate students must meet the following minimum
the University Provost. qualitative and quantitative requirements to make
satisfactory academic progress:
Graduate Programs Credit • Cumulative GPA in Ashford University
Maximum Policy coursework for all graduate students = 3.00.
A maximum of 24 credits may be attempted per academic
year. Students may appeal in writing to the Provost for • Cumulative GPA includes all graduate-level
an increase to a maximum of 36 credits attempted per coursework attempted at Ashford University
academic year. excluding grades of I or W. Only the latter grade

is counted when a course is repeated. No grades during the first probationary period but have not met the
are recorded or counted toward GPA for transfer requirements for satisfactory academic progress may
credits or prior learning credits. appeal to the University Registrar to take up to nine (9)
• Successful Completion Rate = 67% or 2/3 of additional credits of coursework for their second
all attempted credits. Attempted graduate-level academic probation.
credits are all course attempts recorded on the Students granted an appeal for a second-term probation
academic transcript; repeated courses are not may be required to re-take coursework previously
excluded. Grades that count negatively against completed in order to increase the likelihood of
successful completion rates include I, W, WF, successfully meeting satisfactory academic progress and/
and F. or graduation requirements. These requirements may
• Successful completion of all program affect the student’s eligibility for financial aid funds.
requirements within 150% of the normal length • The appeal must be made prior to the student’s
of the program as measured in credits. enrollment in any classes that begin after the
initial probationary period.
Satisfactory Academic Progress • The written appeal must include a reasonable
Review and Evaluation explanation for the student’s academic
Satisfactory academic progress is reviewed in nine (9) performance to date, which may include
credit increments. Students will be evaluated against both mitigating circumstances such as student injury/
qualitative and quantitative standards at the conclusion of illness, death of a student’s family member,
every nine (9) attempted credits. or other reasons resulting in undue hardship
to the student and a plan for completion of the
Probation, Appeal, and Dismissal coursework required for removal from probation
Probationary periods provide an opportunity for students during the following term.
to improve academic performance and meet overall • Appeals will be evaluated by a committee made
requirements for degree completion. Students on up of the University Registrar or an Associate
probation should meet with their Academic Advisors Registrar and an Academic administrator
to discuss course scheduling and to plan for remediation. who has oversight in the student’s program of
Please contact the Ashford University Registrar with study. The decision of the Committee will be
any questions concerning the requirements outlined in communicated in writing to the student by the
this policy. Registrar’s Office.
• Students who do not meet the minimum • Students who are otherwise eligible to receive
requirements for making satisfactory academic Title IV financial aid will be eligible to receive
progress at the time of evaluation are placed on Title IV financial aid while on a second academic
academic probation for the following nine (9) probation.
credit increment.
• Students on second academic probation who
• Students will be given up to 9 credits of do not meet the requirements for satisfactory
attempted coursework to meet the requirements academic progress at the conclusion of eighteen
for satisfactory academic progress. All (18) attempted credits in probationary status will
coursework attempted after the term during be dismissed from the University. Dismissed
which the student did not meet satisfactory students are not eligible to receive Title IV
academic progress will be counted as a part of financial aid.
the first-term probationary period. Students who
are otherwise eligible to receive Title IV financial In rare circumstances, students who have been dismissed
aid will be eligible to receive Title IV financial from the University for failure to meet satisfactory
aid while on their first academic probation. academic progress requirements may be re-admitted after
one or more years have elapsed since their last date of
• At the conclusion of the first academic attendance. Students must appeal to the Registrar for re-
probation period, students who do not meet the admission and must present compelling evidence that they
requirements for satisfactory academic progress have the ability to succeed in an academic program due
may be dismissed from the University. to changed circumstances, experience, and/or successful
completion of college level credits during the period of
Appeal of Academic Dismissal absence. Students who are approved by the Registrar and
Students who have shown marked improvement and/ appropriate Dean, Vice President of Academic Affairs,
or who have experienced extreme temporary hardship or Provost for re-admission after dismissal will be on
academic probation, and will be required to meet specific • Demonstrate knowledge of designing effective
academic requirements outlined in writing from the curriculum and instructional processes within the
Registrar in order to return to good standing. Failure to educational setting;
meet specific requirements will result in dismissal without • Apply leadership principles in advancing
the opportunity for re-admission. classroom practices for diverse learning needs
If at any point during the program it becomes clear that within the profession; and
a student will not be able to successfully complete all • Demonstrate reflective and critical analyses of
program requirements at the conclusion of 150% of the curriculum and instructional delivery models in
normal length of a program as measured in credits, the meeting the needs of diverse learners.
Core Requirements (24 credits)
SMART Track Program • EDU 623 Introduction to Teaching & Learning
Students enrolled in an Ashford University Bachelor’s (3 credits)
degree program may be eligible to enroll in up to six
(6) credits of graduate-level coursework towards their • EDU 618 Assessment of Learning Outcomes
Bachelor’s degree and accelerate completion of a Master’s with Technology (3 credits)
degree with Ashford University. Please see the SMART • EDU 620 Meeting Individual Student Needs with
Track Program Requirements in the Center for External Technology (3 credits)
Studies Undergraduate Programs section of this Catalog • EDU 626 Research Design & Methodology
for more information. (3 credits)
• EDU 639 Human Relationships & Learning in
Master’s Degree Programs the Multicultural Environment (3 credits)
and Requirements • EDU 673 Instructional Strategies for

Differentiated Teaching & Learning (3 credits)
• EDU 675 Change Leadership for the
Master of Arts in Education Differentiated Educational Environment
(3 credits)
Degree Focus
The Master of Arts in Education is designed to • EDU 695 MAED Capstone (3 credits)
present foundational perspective and specialization
Specialization Requirements (12-15 credits)
for educators. Its core courses are aligned to program
outcomes that define the foundation of knowledge, skills, Assessment and Measurement Specialization
and dispositions of providing instruction to diverse (12 credits)
populations. Its specializations are comprised of courses • EDU 660 Tests & Measurements (3 credits)
students can select based on their personal area of interest
• EDU 661 Data Analyses & Decision-Making
and expertise in education.
(3 credits)
Program Outcomes • EDU 663 Assessment & Public Policy
Students in the Master of Arts in Education program will (3 credits)
be able to: • EDU 665 Performance Assessments (3 credits)
• Analyze basic and educational needs of diverse
learners within the context of a community; Culturally Responsive Education Specialization
(12 credits)
• Identify and apply components of differentiated
instruction within the classroom in delivering • EDU 627 Culturally Responsive Learning
core content to multiple learning needs; Environments (3 credits)
• Analyze and implement assessment strategies • EDU 647 Families, Communities & Diversity
for the educational setting and program (3 credits)
improvement; • EDU 637 Planning, Implementing & Assessing
• Implement research principles in the design Instruction for Diverse Learners (3 credits)
and delivery of instruction to meet the needs of • EDU 638 Intercultural Communications &
diverse learners; Global Learning (3 credits)

Curriculum and Instruction Specialization (15 credits) • EDU 643 Methods, Materials & Technology for
• EDU 674 Foundations & Trends in Curriculum Learning a Second Language (3 credits)
& Instruction (3 credits) • EDU 659 Testing & Assessment for English
• EDU 615 Leading the Change Process in Language Learners (3 credits)
Curriculum & Instruction (3 credits) Higher Education Specialization (12 credits)
• EDU 676 Curriculum & Instruction Design for • EDU 657 History & Philosophy of American
Increased Achievement (3 credits) Higher Education (3 credits)
• EDU 677 Monitoring & Evaluating Curriculum • EDU 662 Curriculum & Assessment in Higher
& Instruction through Systems Thinking Education (3 credits)
(3 credits) • EDU 653 Teaching in Higher Education
• EDU 678 Seminar in Curriculum & Instruction (3 credits)
for Diverse Needs (3 credits) • EDU 654 Student Development in Higher
Distance Learning Specialization (12 credits) Education (3 credits)
• EDU 648 Introduction to Teaching & Learning Teacher Leader Specialization (12 credits)
with Technology (3 credits) • EDU 686 Educational Policy & Administration
• EDU 652 Instructional Design & Delivery (3 credits)
(3 credits) • ESE 633 Collaborative Relationships &
• EDU 655 Trends & Issues in Instructional Transition (3 credits)
Design & Technology for Online Learning • EDU 615 Leading the Change Process in
(3 credits) Curriculum & Instruction (3 credits)
• EDU 656 Technology Solutions for Just in Time • EDU 677 Monitoring & Evaluating Curriculum
Training & Learning (3 credits) & Instruction through Systems Thinking
Early Childhood Education Specialization (12 credits) (3 credits)
• ECE 601 Introduction to Early Childhood
Education (3 credits) Graduation Requirements
To be eligible for the Master of Arts in Education degree,
• ECE 611 Early Childhood Curriculum &
a student must successfully complete the following:
Methods (3 credits)
• The approved program consisting of
• ECE 612 Administration of Early Childhood
36-39 credits;
Education Programs (3 credits)
• A minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00; and
• ECE 623 Collaboration with Parents &
Community (3 credits) • Submission of Petition to Graduate form and
applicable fees.
Educational Technology Leadership Specialization
(12 credits) The degree will be noted on the transcript as a Master of
Arts in Education.
• EDU 649 Technologies for Teaching & Learning
(3 credits) Note: Successful completion and graduation from the
Master of Arts in Education is not intended to lead to
• EDU 652 Instructional Design & Delivery
certification or licensure in any state. It is the student’s
(3 credits)
responsibility to determine any individual state’s
• EDU 658 Instructional Leadership (3 credits) certification or licensure requirements. Ashford University
• EDU 677 Monitoring & Evaluating Curriculum does not represent that this program meets certification or
& Instruction through Systems Thinking licensure requirements in any state.
(3 credits)
English Language Learners Specialization (12 credits)
• EDU 629 Linguistically & Culturally Diverse
Learners (3 credits)
• EDU 642 Understanding & Teaching English
Language (3 credits)

Master of Arts in • MHA 616 Health Care Management Information
Health Care Administration Systems (3 credits)
• MHA 618 Health Economics (3 credits)
Degree Focus
The Master of Arts in Health Care Administration • MHA 620 Health Policy Analyses (3 credits)
prepares graduates to assume leadership and management • MHA 622 Health Care Ethics & Law (3 credits)
positions in health care organizations. The program • MHA 624 Continuous Quality Improvements &
incorporates integration and application of health care Risk Management (3 credits)
theories and concepts across the domains of organizational
health care. Topics addressed throughout the program • MHA 626 Strategic Planning & Marketing in
are: management finance, accounting, economics, Health Care (3 credits)
administrative leadership, quality improvement, risk • MHA 628 Managed Care & Contractual Services
management, health policy, law, ethics, strategic planning, (3 credits)
information systems, statistical reasoning, and human • MHA 690 Health Care Capstone (3 credits)
resources.
Graduation Requirements
Program Outcomes To be eligible for the Master of Arts in Health Care
Students in the Master of Arts in Health Care Administration degree, a student must successfully
Administration program will be able to: complete the following:
• Apply health care financial and accounting • The approved program consisting of 36 credits;
concepts in organizational decision making;
• Apply principles of leadership in the developing
of strategic goals, achieving organizational • Submission of Petition to Graduate form and
outcomes, and modeling professional values; applicable fees.
• Formulate health care decisions consistent with The degree will be noted on the transcript as a Master of
legal and ethical standards; Arts in Health Care Administration.
• Utilize health care information technology and Note: Students should understand that this program is not
statistical reasoning in organizational planning intended to prepare students for professional licensure
and decision-making; or certification in any field. Students seeking licensure
or certification in a particular profession are strongly
• Demonstrate sensitivity to diversity in the health encouraged to carefully research the requirements for that
care setting; licensure prior to enrollment.
• Evaluate health care outcomes using quality
improvement and risk standards;
• Apply health care economic perspectives in the
Master of Arts in
interpretation of health policy;
Organizational Management
• Apply problem-solving approaches in the Degree Focus
resolution of health care issues; and The Master of Arts in Organizational Management is
• Communicate the responsibility of a health designed to develop professional competence in a world of
care professional remaining current in their rapid and global change. This degree develops advanced
professional knowledge. skills in dealing with the complex problems organizations
and individuals face in today’s marketplace. Courses
in organizational change, marketing, decision making,
Course Requirements (36 credits)
strategic thinking, and innovation cultivate the landscape
• MHA 601 Principles of Health Care
for building an organizational culture that embraces
Administration (3 credits)
quality and diversity.
• MHA 610 Introduction to BioStatistics
(3 credits) Program Outcomes
• MHA 612 Financial & Managerial Accounting Students in the Master of Arts in Organizational
(3 credits) Management program will be able to:
• MHA 614 Policy Formation & Leadership in • Understand cultural and economic trends and
Health Organizations (3 credits) contexts that influence organizational change;

• Demonstrate skill in critical thinking, data • MHA 626 Strategic Planning & Marketing in
interpretation, and decision making necessary for Health Care (3 credits)
developing innovative, effective problem-solving • MHA 690 Health Care Capstone (3 credits)
strategies within organizational culture;
• Communicate knowledge and ideas basic Human Resources Management Specialization
to creating teams, managing organizational • BUS 680 Training & Development (3 credits)
processes, and developing managerial
• BUS 681 Compensation & Benefits (3 credits)
capabilities in others;
• BUS 692 Strategies in Human Resource
• Evaluate and apply resources and strategies
that develop human capital and improve
organizational performance; and Organizational Leadership Specialization
• Implement effective leadership within a • BUS 660 Contemporary Issues in Organizational
learning organization that reflects current social, Leadership (3 credits)
corporate, and global perspectives.
• BUS 661 Leading Organizational Change
(3 credits)
Core Requirements (24 credits)
• BUS 600 Management Communications with • BUS 691 Strategies in Organizational Leadership
Technology Tools (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 610 Organizational Behavior (3 credits) Project Management Specialization
• OMM 612 Managing in Social Change • BUS 611 Project Planning & Management
• OMM 614 Innovation and Entrepreneurship • BUS 612 Advanced Project Procurement
• OMM 625 Learning Organizations & • BUS 697 Project Management Strategy
Effectiveness (3 credits) (3 credits)
• OMM 640 Business Ethics & Social
Responsibility (3 credits) Public Administration Specialization
• OMM 618 Human Resources Management • PPA 601 Foundations of Public Administration
• BUS 670 Legal Environment (3 credits) • PPA 603 Government Budgeting (3 credits)
• PPA 699 Public Policy Development (3 credits)
Specialization Requirements (9 credits)
Supply Chain Management Specialization
Standard Specialization
• BUS 631 Integrated Supply Chain Management
• OMM 615 Strategies: Marketing/Advertising/ (3 credits)
Public Relations (3 credits)
• BUS 632 Advanced Logistics (3 credits)
• OMM 622 Financial Decision-making
• BUS 698 Supply Chain Strategic Management
(3 credits)
(3 credits)
• OMM 692 Organizational Management Strategy
(3 credits) Graduation Requirements
Global Management Specialization To be eligible for the Master of Arts in Organizational
Management degree, a student must successfully complete
• BUS 616 International Business (3 credits) the following:
• BUS 606 Global Comparative Management • The approved program consisting of 33 credits;
(3 credits)
• BUS 693 Global Business Strategy (3 credits)
• Submission of Petition to Graduate form and
Health Care Administration Specialization applicable fees.
• MHA 601 Principles of Health Care The degree will be noted on the transcript as a Master of
Administration (3 credits) Arts in Organizational Management.

Master of Arts in Teaching • EDU 656 Technology Solutions for Just in Time
and Learning with Technology Training & Learning (3 credits)
Degree Focus • EDU 658 Instructional Leadership (3 credits)

The Master of Arts in Teaching and Learning with • EDU 618 Assessment of Learning Outcomes
Technology promotes the knowledge, skills, and behaviors with Technology (3 credits)
necessary for educational practitioners to incorporate • EDU 626 Research Design & Methodology
technology, tools, and instructional systems in a variety (3 credits)
of learning environments. This Master’s degree program
prepares teachers and corporate trainers for rewarding • EDU 697 MATLT Capstone: A Project Approach
careers as professional educators with the technological (3 credits)
skills necessary to meet the ever changing needs of
students and trainees. Graduation Requirements
To be eligible for the Master of Arts in Teaching and
Program Outcomes Learning with Technology degree, a student must
Students in the Teaching and Learning with Technology successfully complete the following:
program will be able to: • The approved program consisting of 30 credits;
• Demonstrate knowledge and skills related to
learning using technology; • A minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00; and
• Demonstrate knowledge and skills in current and • Submission of Petition to Graduate form and
emerging instructional technologies; applicable fees.
• Design learning opportunities that apply The degree will be noted on the transcript as a Master of
technology-enhanced instructional strategies to Arts in Teaching and Learning with Technology.
support the needs of all learners;
• Apply research to support learning in a Master of Business Administration
technology-enhanced environment;
Degree Focus
• Exemplify ethical practices of technology usage; Master of Business Administration graduates are prepared
• Evaluate technology resources to facilitate for careers in which a broad background and general
effective assessment and evaluation; knowledge in the field of business are requirements
as well as advanced graduate work in critical areas.
• Utilize technology to collect and analyze data,
Graduates may choose to enter or advance in one of the
interpret results, and communicate findings; and
areas of business or industry for which their degree has
• Demonstrate the ability to make informed prepared them or to start their own businesses.
decisions regarding the use of technology in
support of learning and leadership. Program Outcomes
Note: Program outcomes for the Master of Arts in Students in the Master of Business Administration
Teaching and Learning with Technology have been program will be able to:
adopted from the NETS*T standards (National • Communicate using multimedia tools in a world
Educational Technology Standards for Teachers) that with converging media;
serve as nationally recognized professional standards. • Apply critical thinking in solving business
problems using a variety of computer and
Course Requirements (30 credits)
analytical tools;
• EDU 648 Teaching & Learning with Technology
(3 credits) • Evaluate the use of the Internet in the connected
virtual world of business;
• EDU 649 Technologies for Teaching & Learning
(3 credits) • Describe and practice socially responsible and
accountable behavior, including legally sound
• EDU 651 Collaboration & Learning in a Virtual
and ethically correct management practices; and
Environment (3 credits)
• Demonstrate leadership ability and team building
• EDU 652 Instructional Design & Delivery
skills in groups with cultural and intellectual
(3 credits)
diversity.
• EDU 655 Trends & Issues in Instructional
Design & Technology for On-line Learning
(3 credits)
Program-Specific Requirements • BUS 606 Global Comparative Management
Students who submit official transcripts indicating (3 credits)
that they have earned a Bachelor’s degree in Business, • BUS 693 Global Business Strategy (3 credits)
or have successfully completed undergraduate coursework Health Care Administration Specialization
in Economics, Accounting, and Finance with a grade of • MHA 601 Principles of Health Care
“C” or higher will be exempt from the requirement to take Administration (3 credits)
BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles.
• MHA 626 Strategic Planning & Marketing in
Core Requirements (24 credits) Health Care (3 credits)
• BUS 600 Management Communications with
Technology Tools (3 credits) • MHA 690 Health Care Capstone (3 credits)
• BUS 610 Organizational Behavior (3 credits Human Resources Management Specialization

• BUS 620 Managerial Marketing (3 credits) • BUS 680 Training & Development (3 credits)
• *BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles • BUS 681 Compensation & Benefits (3 credits)
(3 credits)
• BUS 692 Strategies in Human Resource
• BUS 670 Legal Environment (3 credits) Management (3 credits)
• BUS 640 Managerial Economics (3 credits)
Information Systems Specialization
• BUS 630 Managerial Accounting (3 credits)
• INF 620 Management of Information Systems
• BUS 650 Managerial Finance (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 644 Operations Management (3 credits) • INF 630 Systems Analysis (3 credits)
*Students who do not waive BUS 599 must take this • INF 690 ISS Capstone Seminar (3 credits)
course which will constitute an additional 3 credits
of required coursework in order to meet graduation Marketing Specialization
requirements. • MKT 625 Consumer Behavior (3 credits)
Specialization Requirements (9 credits) • MKT 635 Market Research (3 credits)
Standard Specialization • BUS 695 Marketing Capstone Seminar
• BUS 616 International Business (3 credits) (3 credits)
• BUS 642 Business Research Methods & Tools Organizational Leadership Specialization
(3 credits)
• BUS 660 Contemporary Issues in Organizational
• BUS 690 Business Strategy (3 credits) Leadership (3 credits)
Entrepreneurship Specialization • BUS 661 Leading Organizational Change
• BUS 604 New Business Venture Management (3 credits)
(3 credits) • BUS 691 Strategies in Organizational Leadership
• BUS 605 Venture Capital & Private Equity (3 credits)
(3 credits) Project Management Specialization
• BUS 696 Strategic Thinking for Entrepreneurs • BUS 611 Project Planning & Management
Finance Specialization • BUS 612 Advanced Project Procurement
• BUS 655 Financial Investment Management (3 credits)
(3 credits) • BUS 697 Project Management Strategy
• BUS 657 Corporate Managerial Finance (3 credits)
(3 credits) Public Administration Specialization
• BUS 694 Finance Capstone Seminar (3 credits) • PPA 601 Foundations of Public Administration
(3 credits)
Global Management Specialization
• PPA 603 Government Budgeting (3 credits)
• PPA 699 Public Policy Development (3 credits)

Supply Chain Management Specialization Program-Specific Requirements
• BUS 631 Integrated Supply Chain Management Students who submit official transcripts indicating
(3 credits) that they have earned a Bachelor’s degree in Business,
• BUS 632 Advanced Logistics (3 credits) or have successfully completed undergraduate coursework
• BUS 698 Supply Chain Strategic Management in Economics, Accounting, and Finance with a grade of
(3 credits) “C” or higher will be exempt from the requirement to take
BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles.
Graduation Requirements
To be eligible for the Master of Business Administration Course Requirements (33 credits)
degree, a student must successfully complete the • BUS 600 Management Communications with
following: Technology Tools (3 credits)
• The approved program consisting of 33 credits; • BUS 610 Organizational Behavior (3 credits)
• A minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00; and • OMM 618 Human Resources Management
• Submission of Petition to Graduate form and (3 credits)
applicable fees. • OMM 640 Business Ethics & Social
The degree will be noted on the transcript as a Master of Responsibility (3 credits)
Business Administration. • BUS 660 Contemporary Issues in Organizational
Leadership (3 credits)
Master of Public Administration • *BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles
Degree Focus (3 credits)
The Master of Public Administration is designed for • PPA 601 Foundations of Public Administration
students with a baccalaureate degree in any academic (3 credits)
discipline who seek careers in government management
• PPA 602 Public Financial Management
at the federal, state, or local level and in non-profit
(3 credits)
management. Graduates increase interpersonal and
management skills while gaining a wide range of • PPA 603 Government Budgeting (3 credits)
proficiencies in financial management, budgeting, • PPA 604 Urban Planning/Redevelopment
quantitative methods, urban planning/redevelopment, and (3 credits)
personnel management.
• PPA 605 Negotiation, Bargaining & Conflict
Program Outcomes Management (3 credits)
Students in the Master of Public Administration program • PPA 699 Public Policy Development (3 credits)
will be able to:
*Students who do not waive BUS 599 must take this
• Demonstrate critical thinking skills relevant to course which will constitute an additional 3 credits
public administration contexts; of required coursework in order to meet graduation
• Apply management theory to the practice of requirements.
public administration;
• Evaluate the impact of political influences on the Graduation Requirements
public sector decision-making process; To be eligible for the Master of Public Administration
degree, a student must successfully complete the
• Analyze the needs of various stakeholders in the following:
development public policy;
• The approved program consisting of 33 credits;
• Assess the effectiveness of public administration
strategies for dealing with urban planning and • A minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00; and
redevelopment; • Submission of Petition to Graduate form and
• Evaluate public administration trends and applicable fees.
strategies for financing government operations; The degree will be noted on the transcript as a Master of
and Public Administration.
• Assess the role and function of public
administration in today’s multicultural
environment.

Course Descriptions
Not all courses are offered in all modalities or with
the same frequency. Please reference the academic
Section Ten programs sections of the Catalog to find a list of courses
offered and/or required in each degree program. Course
prerequisites may also be listed in the individual program
sections.
Course descriptions that reference “successful
completion” of a prerequisite course assume the student
will have earned a grade of “C-” or higher, unless
otherwise noted in the program requirements. For
traditional on-campus courses, the notation “F” denotes
fall offerings, and “S” denotes spring offerings. Term
offerings are subject to change.
Course Numbering System

While many courses cross lines between class levels, the
following offers a general correlation between course
numbers and grade levels:
Grade Level Course Number Range

Lower Division 100–299
Upper Division 300–499
Graduate Level 500-699
Course Ashford University awards semester credit hours.
Descriptions
199
Course Descriptions
ACC Accounting ACC 311 Cost Accounting II 3 Credits

A continuation of ACC 310. Covers traditional “managerial” concepts
of costs-volume-profit planning, direct costing, responsibility
ACC 201 Principles of Financial Accounting 3 Credits accounting, performance measurement, gross profit analysis, transfer
This course is an introduction to financial accounting for pricing, decision theory, and human resource accounting. Prerequisites:
nonaccounting business majors. Emphasis is on accrual accounting ACC 310 and MAT 332
procedures and the development and use of financial statements.
ACC 344 Accounting Practicum I 1-2 Credits
ACC 202 Principles of Managerial Accounting 3 Credits Prospective accounting majors function under the tutelage of
This course is an introduction to managerial and cost accounting professionals in accounting firms, banks, and other related entities.
concepts for the nonaccounting business major. Emphasis is placed Students complete 52 hours in a professional work environment,
on managerial planning and control, cost behaviors, budgeting, and provide evidence of learning through a written journal, and keep an up-
performance analysis. to-date time sheet. Prerequisite: Qualified upper-division student with
cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission of the supervising faculty member
is required.
ACC 205 Principles of Accounting I 3 Credits
Introduction to the principles and procedures of general financial
accounting with an emphasis on reporting to individuals outside the ACC 380 Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations 3 Credits
organization. Development of accounting reports on an accrual basis. Examines the differences in accounting between not-for-profit and
for-profit organizations. Accounting for funds including general funds,
special revenue funds, capital projects funds, debts service funds, special
ACC 206 Principles of Accounting II 3 Credits assessment funds, internal service funds, enterprise funds, fiduciary
Primarily covers the principles of managerial accounting. Emphasis funds, the general fixed asset group of accounts, and the general long-
on reporting to individuals inside the organization. Major concepts term debt group of accounts. Prerequisite: ACC 206
include job order costing, process costing, budgets and standards, and
statement analysis. Prerequisite: ACC 205
ACC 381 Health Care Accounting Lab 1 Credit
This one-credit lab will introduce students to fund accounting activities
ACC 208 Accounting for Managers 3 Credits unique to the health care industry, with particular emphasis on the
This course is designed to explain how data can be interpreted reimbursement system. Corequisite/prerequisite: ACC 380. A Health
and used by managers in making decisions. Additionally, this course Care Management major must have completed ACC 206. S
introduces the student to the analysis and interpretation of financial
reports.
ACC 401 Federal Income Taxes I 3 Credits
A study of federal income tax laws and their application to individuals,
ACC 244 Accounting Practicum I 1-2 Credits partnerships, and corporations. Prerequisite: ACC 205
Prospective accounting majors function under the tutelage of
professionals in accounting firms, banks, and other related entities.
Students complete 52 hours in a professional work environment, ACC 402 Federal Income Taxes II 3 Credits
provide evidence of learning through a written journal, and keep an This course examines income tax compliance and planning related
up-to-date time sheet. Prerequisite: Qualified sophomore or junior to partnerships, corporations, estates, and trusts. Advanced individual
student with cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission of the supervising income tax issues will also be addressed. Prerequisite: ACC 401
faculty member is required.
ACC 403 Tax Assistance Institute 3 Credits
ACC 281 Accounting Concepts for Health Care Professionals 3 Credits An opportunity to apply knowledge of the tax code by assisting poor
This course is designed as an applied managerial and financial and elderly area residents file their state and federal tax returns.
accounting course, designed to provide health care decision-makers Student receives two weeks of intensive instruction from the IRS and
with fundamental concepts of health care accounting practices and understudies an experienced tax preparer before assisting clients
procedures. directly. Prerequisites: ACC 401 and permission of Department Head.
Course will be graded Pass/Fail. (Not offered every year)
ACC 305 Intermediate Accounting I 3 Credits

Covers the corporate balance sheet and its related problems. Balance ACC 407 Advanced Accounting 3 Credits
sheet items examined in detail explaining the theory behind various Primarily a course dealing with combined business entities. Topics
methods of application to accounts: cash, temporary investments, include mergers, acquisitions and combinations, consolidated financial
receivables, inventories, plant and intangible assets, and long-term statements, intercompany profit, changes in equity, international
investments. Prerequisite: ACC 206 operations, and partnerships. Prerequisite: ACC 306 and 310
ACC 306 Intermediate Accounting II 3 Credits ACC 410 Auditing 3 Credits
A continuation of ACC 305. Covers the rest of the balance sheet: Principles, procedures, and standards of public accounting. Emphasis
current liabilities, long-term liabilities, leases, pensions, and contributed on auditor’s working papers and submission of audit statements.
capital retained earnings. Other topics include non-operating income, Prerequisites: ACC 306 and 310
earnings per share, statement of changes in financial position, and
impact of changing prices. Prerequisite: ACC 305
ACC 411 Advanced Auditing 3 Credits
A continuation of ACC 410. The course will survey additional auditing
ACC 310 Cost Accounting I 3 Credits concepts including assurance services, audit reporting and internal,
Covers traditional “cost” concepts: factory overhead, cost and operational and governmental auditing. Prerequisite: ACC 410.
accumulation, job order cost system, process cost system, joint (Alternate years)
product and byproduct costing, standard costs and variances.

Course Descriptions
ACC 420 Internship 3-12 Credits ART 103 Two-Dimensional Design 3 Credits
Student applies classroom knowledge to a project or program in Theory and practice in the basic principles of two-dimensional
an established workplace. The faculty advisor must approve specific design in addition to producing artwork using basic design elements,
objectives before the internship begins. The work must be non-routine developing skills in visual composition, and learning about the use
and managerial type. The student must devote 150 clock hours for of color. Lectures, slides, and class discussions provide a historical
every three hours of credit. Enrollment is limited to availability of background to design theory and contemporary visual communication.
placement and to availability of faculty. Application must be made at Some drawing ability is required. Recommended: ART 101
least eight weeks in advance of the regular fall or spring registration.
Prerequisites: Senior status, completion of courses applicable to the
internship, and a 3.0 GPA in accounting coursework. ART 105 Drawing I 3 Credits
Beginning course providing the basic skill level needed to use
the medium of drawing as a means of visual expression and
ACC 502 Federal Tax II 3 Credits communication. Introduction to various drawing media and techniques
Same course description as ACC 402. Students enrolled in the in addition to practice in using basic design principles with an emphasis
graduate course will be required to complete an approved graduate on developing composition skills through drawing. Recommended: ART
level research project. Prerequisite: ACC 401 F 101
ACC 507 Advanced Accounting 3 Credits ART 110 Figure Drawing Workshop 1 Credit
Same course description as ACC 407. Students enrolled in the This course will focus on drawing the human figure from life. It is
graduate course will be required to complete an approved graduate designed to introduce mature art students to the study of human
level research project. Prerequisite: ACC 306. S anatomy and physiognomy. The course will stress the unique individual
characteristics associated with the most difficult of all art subjects to
draw, the human figure. A professional model will be used to strike
ACC 511 Cost Accounting II 3 Credits a variety of short 10-15 second poses to more elaborate poses of
Same course description as ACC 311. Students enrolled in the 30 minutes. This course is essential for art students interested in
graduate course will be required to complete an approved graduate understanding the human figure in art. Throughout the history of
level research project. Prerequisites: ACC 310 and MAT 332. S art, the rendering of the human figure has been seen as the basis for
artistic knowledge and expression. The human form relates our feelings
and emotions as people and requires dedication to master.
ACC 520 Internship 3 Credits
Student applies classroom knowledge to a project or program in
an established workplace. The faculty advisor must approve specific ART 200 Art Appreciation II: Modern Art 3 Credits
objectives before the internship begins. The work must be non-routine This course will be an alternative to and a continuation of Art
and managerial type. The student must devote 150 clock hours for Appreciation focusing on European and American art of the late 19th
every three hours of credit. Enrollment is limited to availability of through 20th centuries. The course will examine the social, cultural,
placement and to availability of faculty. Application must be made at and political developments of the period in relation to movements in
least eight weeks in advance of the regular fall or spring registration. art including impressionism, Cubism, Fauvism, Surrealism, Regionalism,
Prerequisites: Senior status, completion of courses applicable to the Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Feminist, and African American art.
internship, and a 3.0 GPA in accounting coursework. F/S/Summer
ART 201 Art Skills for the Classroom Educator 2 Credits

Early childhood and elementary pre-service teachers learn to design
ANT Anthropology and implement art experiences through developmental theories,
practical skill, and teacher resources. Students will spend eight clock
hours observing elementary art classrooms. Prerequisite: EDU 200,
ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 3 Credits PSY 104, or PSY 201. (Not offered every year) S
Students explore culture in its role of guiding human behavior and
providing social order, structure, and stability for individuals and groups
of people. Culture is presented as a system of adaptation involving ART 202 Study of Art and Culture Abroad 3 Credits
beliefs, behavior, language, customs, socio/political strategies, traditions, This course provides an introduction to the culture, religion, history,
and technology that evolve over time. people, governance and power, the environment, and civic ideals and
practices of the hosting country/countries through the study of art.
This course will be conducted over a 10-day period abroad. Students
will visit historic and contemporary sites and complete a portfolio
ART Art reflecting their learning.
ART 101 Art Appreciation 3 Credits ART 204 Three-Dimensional Design/Sculpture 3 Credits
A survey course providing an overview of the history of Western Art Basic course in 3-D design principles through the study of the history,
and the principles of art as they relate to society through lectures and development, and evolution of the sculptural form, with an emphasis
slides. Students are encouraged to discover personal interests through on developing an understanding of the composition of 3-D forms
their own research on historical or contemporary styles and themes through studio work. Students are encouraged to develop their
in art. own personal interests in sculpture and 3-D design in addition to
investigating historical and contemporary approaches to 3-D mediums.
Prerequisite: ART 101, ART 103, ART 105 or permission of the
ART 102 Study of Art and Culture Abroad 3 Credits instructor. (Not offered every year)
This course provides an introduction to the culture, religion, history,
people, governance and power, the environment, and civic ideals and
practices of the hosting country/countries through the study of art. ART 205 Drawing II 3 Credits
This course will be conducted over a 10-day period abroad. Students Course builds on basic drawing and composition skills gained in
will visit historic and contemporary sites and complete a portfolio Drawing I, but with an emphasis on drawing as the foundation for
reflecting their learning. Also offered as ART 202, 302, and 402. graphic design, painting, and sculpture, including figure drawing from

Course Descriptions
live models and practice in illustrating ideas and abstract concepts. and skills. The course allows the necessary time for students to
Opportunity for drawing students to fully develop personal interests fully develop personal interests in terms of specific drawing media
in terms of specific drawing mediums and subject matter. Prerequisite: and subject matter. Students are encouraged to draw from their
ART 105 or permission of the instructor. imagination and practice illustrating naturalistic forms, nonobjective
ideas, and abstract concepts. Prerequisites: ART 205 and permission of
the instructor. S
ART 207 Painting I 3 Credits
Beginning course in use of painting mediums, with an emphasis on
the use of acrylics and watercolors to develop basic composition ART 307 Painting II 3 Credits
skills using line, form, and color. Individual instruction and critiques. Course continues development of skills learned in Painting I with
Prerequisites: ART 101, ART 103, and ART 105 or permission of the more emphasis placed on personal interests in terms of subject matter
instructor. and more advance painting techniques, with students pursuing either
representational or abstract painting styles. Individual instruction
and critiques. Prerequisite: ART 101, ART 207, or permission of the
ART 211 Ceramics I 3 Credits instructor.
An introduction to the methods and techniques of producing ceramic
objects covering the various forming, finishing, and firing techniques.
Emphasis is given to hand-building methods such as pinch, coil, slab, ART 310 Figure Drawing Workshop 1 Credit
and sculptural construction. Students experience their own creative This course focuses on drawing the human figure from life. It is
expression in the mysterious transformation of a natural material, clay. designed to introduce mature art students to the study of human
(Not offered every year) F anatomy and physiognomy. The course will stress the unique individual
characteristics associated with the most difficult of all art subjects to
draw, the human figure. A professional model will be used to strike
ART 215 Computer Art I 3 Credits a variety of short 10-15 second poses to more elaborate poses of
An introductory course that provides a foundation in design for 30 minutes. This course is essential for art students interested in
understanding and speaking the visual language. This course explores understanding the human figure in art. Throughout the history of
the various design criteria required in the production of computer- art, the rendering of the human figure has been seen as the basis for
generated images. Explorations of various programs and practical artistic knowledge and expression. The human form relates our feelings
experience developing a personal design sense will be covered. and emotions as people and requires dedication to master.
Prerequisite: ART 103 or ART 105 or permission of the instructor.
ART 311 Ceramics II 3 Credits

ART 220 Printmaking I 3 Credits A continuation of Ceramics I that includes advanced theory and
This course will explore the challenging medium of printmaking or techniques, emphasis on developing the traditional skills of throwing
the making of multiple images. The course will be devoted to the two on the potter’s wheel, plus learning more about the complexities of
traditional printmaking processes: intaglio (engraving, etching, drypoint, glazing and firing. Prerequisite: ART 211. (Not offered every year) F
and mezzotint) and relief (woodcuts, linoleum cuts, wood engraving,
and calligraphy). (Not offered every year) F
ART 312 Papermaking & Book Arts 3 Credits
ART 225 Photography I 3 Credits This course focuses on the fascinating art and craft of papermaking
This course will introduce the basic principles of black-and-white and bookmaking. It will examine both Western and eastern methods
photography. Students will learn the components of the camera, the of paper and book production that have been created since 400
characteristics of film, lens exposures, and the procedure of developing A.D. in China. The course will incorporate papermaking using natural
black-and-white film including enlarging, chemical processing, cropping, and recycled materials. It will also introduce students to the various
and compositional organization to produce images with unique visual techniques used for creating journals, sketchbooks, and albums.
qualities. Prerequisite: ART 103 or ART 105 or permission of the Prerequisite: Art 103 or ART 105
instructor or S.
ART 315 Computer Art II 3 Credits
ART 300 Art Appreciation II: Modern Art 3 Credits The course description is the same as ART 215 with this addition: A
This course will be an alternative to and a continuation of Art student registering for ART 315 is required to complete an approved
Appreciation focusing on European and American art of the late 19th independent project in addition to class assignments and scheduled
through 20th centuries. The course will examine the social, cultural, class meetings. Prerequisite: ART 215, sophomore standing, or
and political developments of the period in relation to movements in permission of the instructor or S.
art including impressionism, Cubism, Fauvism, Surrealism, Regionalism,
Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Feminist, and African-American art. ART 320 Printmaking II 3 Credits
Students taking the course for 300-level credit will be asked to write a This course continues the development of processes learned in
substantial research paper. Prerequisite: ENG 122 or permission of Printmaking I, with more emphasis on personal subject matter created
the instructor. in the media of relief and intaglio printmaking. The course will also
incorporate the techniques of monotypes, silkscreen, and experimental
printmaking techniques. Prerequisite: ART 220 or permission of the
ART 302 Study of Art and Culture Abroad 3 Credits instructor. (Not offered every year) F
This course provides an introduction to the culture, religion, history,
people, governance and power, the environment, and civic ideals and
practices of the hosting country/countries through the study of art. ART 325 Photography II 3 Credits
This course will be conducted over a 10-day period abroad. Students This course continues the development of processes learned in
will visit historic and contemporary sites and complete a portfolio Photography I, with more emphasis on personal subject matter created
reflecting their learning. in the media of black-and-white photography. The course will also
incorporate non-traditional approaches and experimental photography
techniques including multiple exposures, solarization, texture screens,
ART 305 Drawing III 3 Credits colored filters, and spot coloring. Prerequisite: ART 225 or permission
This course builds on the basic drawing and composition skills gained of the instructor. (Not offered every year) F or S
in Drawing II but with an emphasis on advanced drawing techniques

Course Descriptions
ART 350 Advanced Art Seminar 2 Credits BIO 101 Humanity & the Environment 4 Credits
This course provides the necessary requirements for Visual Art and This course focuses on humans and their relationship with planet
Computer Graphic Design majors to apply for jobs and graduate Earth. Lecture topics include evolutionary and ecological theories;
programs in their chosen field. The students are required to complete the ecological, political, and social ramifications of human population
a professional electronic portfolio, resume, cover letter, artist’s growth; planetary pollution problems; and effects of current
statement, and press release in their area of study. Prerequisite: Junior/ technological trends on the environment. During the laboratory
Senior standing. (Offered every other year) section, specific scientific problems are investigated and analyzed using
both biological and chemical assays. (Cross-listed under ENV 101.) F
ART 402 Study of Art and Culture Abroad 3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to the culture, religion, history, BIO 103 Principles of General Biology I 4 Credits
people, governance and power, the environment, and civic ideals and A study of the principles of modern biology beginning with molecules
practices of the hosting country/countries through the study of art. and continuing with fundamental concepts in the cellular basis of life
This course will be conducted over a 10-day period abroad. Students and heredity. Recommended for science-, medical-, and health-related
will visit historic and contemporary sites and complete a portfolio majors. Course includes weekly lecture and laboratory
reflecting their learning.
BIO 104 Principles of General Biology II 4 Credits
ART 403 Art Therapy Practicum 1 Credit A continuation and application of biological principles established in
This course exposes the learner to theories and practices within BIO 103. Diversity, evolution, structure, and function of both animals
the field. Organizational placements are selected using learner and and plants are studied in depth. Prerequisite: Successful completion of
Practicum identified outcomes, availability of participating organizations BIO 103. Course includes weekly lecture and laboratory
and overall accessibility. The Practicum experience is 50 hours per
credit of which 40 hours will be the organizational experience and 10
hours of course materials addressing art therapy practices consistent BIO 201 Microbiology 4 Credits
with the observational experience. A study of micro-organisms including their classification, culturing,
structure, relationship to disease, control, and practical applications.
Course includes weekly lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: Successful
ART 407 Painting III 3 Credits completion of BIO 104
A continuation of acrylic or oil painting with emphasis on advanced
opaque and transparent techniques. Basic methods, techniques,
and approaches will be presented through studio visuals and BIO 204 Biology: Special Problems (Mu Sigma Eta) 1 Credit
demonstrations. Students will implement these techniques through An opportunity for the student who has demonstrated superior
several projects. Individual and group critiques will be used to inform ability to study a biological problem, thus learning to use the tools of
and evaluate student artwork. Prerequisite: ART 307 and permission of research and scientific literature. Admission by invitation only or S
the instructor.
BIO 205 Human Anatomy & Physiology I 4 Credits
ART 498 Senior Thesis/Project I 2 Credits This is the first semester in a two-semester course in Human Anatomy
Under the direction of a member of the art department faculty, the and Physiology. The major areas of study include the structures and
student will write a research paper and mount an art exhibition. functions of cells and tissues, as well as the integumentary, skeletal,
Students are required to produce a thesis statement, annotated muscular, and nervous systems. Interactions of these organ systems
bibliography, and completed outline of the thesis. Approval of the topic will be studied as they pertain to homeostasis, physiology, and
must be secured in advance by an art faculty member serving as the kinesiology. This course includes lectures and weekly laboratories.
thesis/project director. Students are also required to defend their Prerequisites: successful completion of BIO 104 or permission of the
thesis and to exhibit to a thesis committee.Visual Art majors must instructor. CHE 152 is recommended.
earn a grade of “C-” in this course. Prerequisite: Completed writing
competency and senior standing. S
BIO 206 Human Anatomy & Physiology II 4 Credits
This is the second semester in a two-semester course in Human
ART 499 Senior Thesis/Project II 2 Credits Anatomy and Physiology. The major areas of study include the
This course is a continuation of ART 498. During the semester, structures and functions of endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic,
students will complete the senior thesis and art exhibition following respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Interactions
the guidelines specified by the Art Department. The completed thesis of these organ systems will be studied as they pertain to homeostasis
and exhibit will be defended orally before and evaluated by the senior and physiology. This course includes weekly lectures and laboratories.
thesis committee. A minimum grade of “C-” is required to meet degree Prerequisites: Successful completion of BIO 205 or permission of the
requirements. Prerequisite: Successful completion of ART 498 with a instructor. CHE 152 is recommended.
C- or better. F/S
BIO 210 Field Techniques Laboratory 4 Credits
This course offers hands-on experience conducted on-site in northern
BIO Biology Minnesota. Students will gain first-hand exposure to the northern
forest ecosystem while conducting species inventory work at the
Vince Shute Wildlife Sanctuary. Experiences will include orienteering,
BIO 100 Life Science 4 Credits field identification of flora and fauna, habitat sampling techniques,
This is an introductory course that introduces students to the physical data collection, and maintaining field journals. Side trips to local
basis of life. It will provide a background of the scientific method and sites, including timber operations,Voyagers National Park, and other
scientific ethics as well as a basic knowledge of biology within a model educational centers, will broaden the experience. A course fee is
system. The interactions between the humans and their environment associated with this 18-day course to cover tuition, transportation,
will be emphasized. The specific model system used may vary from room, and board. This course is offered Pass/Fail. Prerequisite:
year to year. This course includes weekly lectures and laboratories. Successful completion of BIO 100 or BIO 103 lab course or
This course fulfills the General Education Physical World outcome. permission of the instructor.

Course Descriptions
BIO 222 Science Division Internship 0.5-1 Credit pelvis, spine and extremities will be covered. In addition, common
A student can earn one-half to one credit hour of credit per semester pathologies that can be detected by CT, PET, and MRI will be discussed.
up to a maximum of six credit hours toward a degree through Prerequisite or co-requisite: BIO 206.
participation in an internship in a divisional activity such as lab
assistant. Grading will be on a Pass/Fail basis. Prerequisite: Permission
of the instructor. (This course does not apply toward biology electives
BIO 498 Senior Thesis/Project I 2 Credits
Students demonstrate their mastery of the methodology of science
required for a Bachelor of Science in Biology.) F/S
by producing a thesis statement and bibliography, writing a proposal to
include the design of an appropriate project/experiment, and starting
BIO 225 Medical Biology for Health Care 4 Credits the approved project, if warranted by the design. Approval of the
A study of medical terminology and an introduction to human anatomy topic must be secured in advance from the faculty member serving as
and physiology. Medical terminology and concepts will be examined thesis director and from the chairperson of the Biology Department.
in the context of the human body. This course will be made pertinent The choice of scientific format for the written thesis and the design
through discussions of health and its subsequent impact on the human of the experiment must be approved by the student’s committee.
population. Prerequisite: Successful completion of BIO 100 or BIO 103. Prerequisites: Successful completion of MAT 332, writing competency,
Course includes weekly lecture and laboratory. (Offered every other and senior standing/S (Cross-listed as NAT 498)
year) F
BIO 499 Senior Thesis/Project II 2 Credits
BIO 300 Environmental Biology 3 Credits A continuation of the senior thesis project started in BIO 498.
A study of biodiversity. The origin and evolutionary history of Students demonstrate their mastery of the methodology of science
biodiversity, including the geological forces that shaped its course, will by completing the research project using appropriate analytical skills
be discussed. This course will be made pertinent through discussions and producing a written thesis document in an appropriate scientific
of the impact of human activity on biodiversity and subsequent impact format. The completed thesis project is defended orally before and
on the human population. Prerequisites: Successful completion of evaluated by a faculty committee. A minimum grade of “C-” is required
BIO/ENV 101 and BIO 100 or BIO 103 and 104 or permission of the to meet degree requirements. Prerequisite: BIO 498 with a minimum
instructor. (Cross-listed under ENV 300.) (Offered every other year) S grade of “C-.” F/S (Cross-listed as NAT 499.)
BIO 301 Science Seminar 3 Credits

Students examine a topic from within sciences and develop a working BUS Business
knowledge of the methodologies, perspectives, and limitations of
the sciences as well as an appreciation of the insights that may be
derived from scientific inquiry. Student research and presentations are BUS 181/381 Business & Professional Studies Seminar 1 Credit
required. Prerequisite: Junior standing or permission of the instructor. This cross-disciplinary course provides opportunities for all students
(Cross-listed under LIB 301 and NAT 301.) (Offered every other to enhance their academic programming and to create additional
year) S exhibits of learning to use for résumé and cover letter inclusion.
Professional networking opportunities are abundant. No course
prerequisite required; $20 course fee for professional membership to
BIO 310 Field Techniques Laboratory 4 Credits Phi Beta Lambda.
Course content same as BIO 210. To earn upper-division credit, the
student must also design, develop, and complete a research project
during the 18-day course. The research project has to be designed and BUS 201 Principles of Management 3 Credits
approved by the instructor prior to leaving the University. Participation This course is an introduction to the nature and problems of
of BIO 210 students in the research project is strongly encouraged. management and organizations, leadership and control. The
A course fee is associated with this 18-day course to cover tuition, relationships between the needs of the individual, the organization and
transportation, room, and board. This is a graded course. Prerequisite: society are examined.
BIO 210.
BUS 215 Personal Financial Management 3 Credits
BIO 340 Cell Biology 4 Credits This course provides an introduction to the field of personal financial
The cell is the basic unit of life. This is a general course dealing with management and planning, focusing on the tools individuals and families
the basic molecular structure and function of all cellular organelles of employ to manage their financial affairs.
eukaryotic cells. Prerequisites: Successful completion of BIO 104 and
CHE 152. Course includes weekly lecture and laboratory. (Offered
every other year) F BUS 235 Introduction to Marketing 3 Credits
This course is an introduction to marketing principles, concepts and
theories that define the marketing discipline. Basic marketing strategies
BIO 342 Genetics & Immunology 4 Credits relating to product, price, promotion and distribution, cultural trends,
This introductory course deals with both classical Mendelian genetics societal behavior, technology, and legal environments that influence
and inheritance patterns as well as the molecular nature of gene effective marketing decisions are examined.
structure and the function and regulation of gene expression. This
course will have a special emphasis on the genetic basis of immunology
and cancer. Course includes weekly lecture and laboratory. BUS 244 Business Practicum 1-2 Credits
Prerequisites: Successful completion of BIO 104 and CHE 152. Prospective business administration majors function under the tutelage
(Offered every other year) S of professionals in manufacturing, banking, service industries, and other
related entities. Students complete 52 hours in a professional work
environment, provide evidence of learning through a written journal,
BIO 353 Cross-Sectional Anatomy 3 Credits and keep an up-to-date time sheet. Prerequisites: Qualified sophomore
This course will introduce the student to fundamental principles of or junior student with cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission of the
computer technology, and its role in medical imaging. CT, PET, and MRI supervising faculty member is required.
will be discussed. Equipment and its application will be investigated.
Basic cross sectional anatomy of the brain, thorax, abdomen,

Course Descriptions
BUS 250 Corporate & Social Responsibility 3 Credits BUS 318 Organizational Behavior 3 Credits
This course explores philosophic perspectives for understanding This course is designed to develop the student’s skills in the
the meaning of corporate responsibility in society, and considers the understanding of factors that affect how individuals and groups act
leadership roles of managers in implementing corporate and social and interact with one another and with management. It also looks
responsibilities. Topics include uses of power, government regulations, at how organizations manage their internal environment with the
environmental issues, employee rights and responsibilities, consumer aim of improving productivity, efficiency, and communications among
protection, and ethical integrity. members. Prerequisite: BUS 201.
BUS 303 Human Resource Management 3 Credits BUS 320 Finance for Managers 3 Credits
An introduction to the field of human resource management. Topics to Managers at all levels of an organization must be able to understand
be discussed include communication, motivation, and management of financial information contained in financial statements and reports.
personnel. The course will include a review of current standards and They need to be able to evaluate their unit’s performance, to
practices as well as the legal environment as it pertains to the human communicate clearly to other managers, and to apply financial
resource field. information when making decisions. This course will focus on the
interpretation and use of basic financial information and not on the
production of financial statements and reports.
BUS 307 Operations Management & Quantitative Techniques 3 Credits
A survey of relevant quantitative techniques commonly used in
accounting, business, and information systems. Topics will vary but, BUS 330 Principles of Marketing 3 Credits
typically, elementary probability theory and applications, decision The methods used by producers of goods and services to determine
theory, and linear programming are included. Prerequisite: math and satisfy the wants of society. An examination of external and
competency. internal environments that impact marketing decisions, the basic
elements of a marketing program, and issues in ethics and social
responsibility.
BUS 308 Statistics for Managers 3 Credits
This course examines the application of statistical analysis, hypothesis
testing, and regression analysis in business decision making. BUS 336 Marketing Strategy 3 Credits
Additionally, the course focuses on the utilization of statistical methods The objective of this course is to advance the students ability to
as applied to business problems and operations. Prerequisite: math develop, implement, and critically evaluate the marketing strategy for
competency. a product or service. It will provide the conceptual frameworks and
hone the analytical and creative skills that are necessary to define and
develop superior value, persuasively communicate that value, profitably
BUS 311 Business Law I 3 Credits deliver it to a carefully selected target market, and sustain both the
Introduction to the legal environment of business in the United States. value and the profitability in the face of ever-changing customer needs
Examination of the Constitution, administrative law, contracts, agency, and competitive offerings.
and the protection of competition, consumers, employees, investors,
the environment, and international trade
BUS 339 Marketing Research 3 Credits
Study and analysis of the marketing information system. Includes the
BUS 312 Business Law II 3 Credits organizational characteristics of marketing research, basic tools and
Continuation of Business Law I. In-depth study of specific laws and procedures, and management science applications.
practices as related to contracts, the Uniform Commercial Code,
commercial paper, secured transactions, real and personal property,
estates, and bankruptcy. Prerequisite: BUS 311 BUS 340 Business Communications 3 Credits
Every aspect of contemporary business communications — from
determining what information to communicate to processing
BUS 315 Professional Selling and Sales Management 3 Credits information and sharing it — depends on technology. Students will
This course covers tasks and responsibilities of professional selling and learn to compose, format, and manage business letters, memos,
the challenges of managing both the individual and team sales function. reports, email, and resumes. Students will use software to access
Additionally, this course stresses analytical and interpersonal skills, information and to evaluate the quality of the information they
account management, proposal development, and planning, as well as receive. Students will create electronic presentations to communicate
organizing, directing, motivating, and controlling a sales organization. information.
Also examines legal and ethical dimensions of professional selling.
BUS 343 International Marketing 3 Credits

BUS 316 Financial Institutions & Markets 3 Credits Examination of cultural, economic, and political factors that affect
A study of money and capital markets concentrating on interest-rate marketing of goods and services worldwide. Emphasis is on adapting
determination, the major public and private financial institutions in the the marketing strategies of domestic marketers to international
U.S. economy, and the major types of financial instruments including operations and the institutional structure that exists in international
bonds, equities, and derivative instruments. Prerequisite: ECO 100 or markets. Marketing strategies of firms operation within these markets
ECO 203. (Cross-listed as ECO 316.) (Offered in alternate years) F are also examined.
BUS 317 Introduction to Advertising 3 Credits BUS 344 Business Practicum 1-2 Credits
This course is designed to introduce students to the field of Prospective business administration majors function under the tutelage
advertising as a promotional force with emphasis on institutions, of professionals in manufacturing, banking, service industries, and
planning, strategic practices, and tactical decisions made by advertising other related entities. Students complete 52 hours in a professional
executives. It will also explore the various career opportunities work environment, provide evidence of learning through a written
including account executive, media buying, copywriting, production, and journal, and keep an up-to-date time sheet. Prerequisite: Qualified
research. upper-division student with cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission of the
supervising faculty member is required.

Course Descriptions
BUS 345 Business & the Environment 3 Credits BUS 372 Employee & Labor Relations 3 Credits
An environmental economics approach is used to illustrate the impacts The course provides students with both the common and complex
of the firm on the environment and environmental policy on the firm. issues related to human behavior in the workplace as it relates to
Cost-benefit analysis is developed in student-driven research projects. employee relations, and an examination of relationships among unions,
(Cross-listed as ENV 345.) (Offered in alternate years) S workers, management, laws and government regulation. Prerequisite:
BUS 303.
BUS 350 Consumer Behavior 3 Credits
This course illustrates the psychological, socio-cultural, and decision- BUS 375 Employee Training 3 Credits
making aspects of consumer behavior. Students study behavioral This course provides essential managerial-level comprehension of
concepts, motivation, and the role of consumer behavior in our society. training theory and its practical applications in the business and
management environment. Students learn the functions and duties of
training: trainer/developer, the identification and assessment of training
BUS 352 e-Business 3 Credits needs, program design and development, selection of delivery methods
An introduction to the fundamental concepts used in e-business and and means of instruction, the implementation of training programs, and
e-commerce. This course identifies and describes the wide range of evaluation. Prerequisite: BUS 303.
applications in business. It explains what the Internet is and how it
can be used for business applications in a competitive environment.
Through Internet labs, this course will compare various Web strategies BUS 378 International Business Law 3 Credits
of current businesses. Students need to be proficient in using the This courses focuses on the legal environment associated with
Internet to find information. international commercial transactions, including an analysis of major
Western and non-Western legal traditions and the supranational law
of the European Community, a detailed analysis of the negotiation,
BUS 355 Corporate Communication Strategies 3 Credits formation, enforcement, and financing of international sales contracts,
This course seeks to expand and improve the student’s understanding an analysis of international trade regulation, analysis of methods
of corporate communication and shows how companies use of regulating global competition, and of the protection of business
communications to implement strategy. This course will examine a property rights in international transactions.
variety of cases and readings that will help the student to understand
how corporate communication relates to general management and
strategy in a corporation. The course will seek to answer the following BUS 401 Principles of Finance 3 Credits
question: “What is the best way to implement strategy using the Basic corporate finance is presented with the emphasis on risk and
power of corporate communication in the corporation?” Prerequisite: return, bond and equity markets, valuation of bonds and equities,
Junior status or instructor permission. present value analysis, internal rate of return analysis, and project
analysis using the weighted average cost of capital. Prerequisites: ACC
206 and math competency.
BUS 362 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 3 Credits
This course introduces students to the opportunities and challenges
associated with the creation and management of entrepreneurial BUS 402 Strategic Management & Business Policy 3 Credits
organizations. The course focuses on the issues associated with A case-based course that discusses the set of managerial decisions and
starting and managing a new venture including recognizing opportunity, actions that determines the long-run performance of a company. The
basic business planning, essential human resources management, course includes environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy
introductory marketing, legal issues, location selection, funding, buying a implementation, and evaluation and control. Prerequisites: BUS 201,
business as well as discussing various exit strategies. BUS 330, BUS 401 and senior standing.
BUS 365 Creativity & Innovation 3 Credits BUS 403 International Business 3 Credits
This course focuses on creativity and innovation as a process in Students examine functional areas of business from an international
organizations. The course also examines how individuals can be perspective. The importance of differing cultural and political
innovative in organizations and the challenge of building innovative assumptions in business is also addressed. Prerequisite: Senior standing
organizations. Prerequisite: BUS 362. in the business major. (Not offered every year) F or S
BUS 368 Venture Capital & Banking 3 Credits BUS 405 Principles of Investments 3 Credits
The study and analysis of securities and other forms of investments.
This course examines financing the start-up of a new venture, from
Emphasis is on investment principles from the manager’s point of view.
bootstrapping with personal resources or bank debt to equity
Prerequisite: BUS 401
investment by angel investors or venture capitalists. The course
also covers the four main aspects of venture capital: valuation, deal
structuring, governance, and harvesting. Prerequisite: BUS 362. BUS 420 Internship 3 Credits
The internship program involves the application of classroom learning
to practical business projects or programs. An educational program or
BUS 370 Organizational Development 3 Credits project with specific objectives must be established before approval
The course overviews how, why, and when to integrate the behavioral of the course. It must consist of non-routine internship work. The
sciences with human resources management principles to increase internship has a minimum requirement of 150 hours devoted to the
individual and organizational effectiveness. Students will also be laboratory, which must be in addition to any regular employment.
introduced to many types of interpersonal, intra-group, inter-group, and Enrollment is limited to the availability of placement and to the
organizational interventions that are used to effect comprehensive and availability of faculty. Application must be made through an advisor
lasting changes. Prerequisites: BUS 201 or MGT 330 or HCA 459. eight weeks in advance of the regular fall or spring registration.
Prerequisites: Senior status; completion of courses applicable to
the laboratory work; 3.00 GPA overall; 3.00 GPA in accounting,
business, and economics subjects; and permission of the Internship
Committee. S

Course Descriptions
BUS 421 PR/Marketing Capstone 3 Credits BUS 445 Total Quality Management 3 Credits
This course is designed to bring together the knowledge gained This course presents quality procedures and concepts for enhancing
through the entire program and permits the student to demonstrate goods, services and the entire business environment. Students learn
mastery in the various course competencies. Students are expected various methods of process control and acceptance sampling, including
to apply and integrate a variety of skills, tools, and knowledge to using control charts and sampling plans. Quality planning, assurance and
assess real-world problems offering realistic solutions. Students will control are covered as parts of a total quality system. Probability and
analyze, design, implement, and document an appropriate solution for a statistical concepts are further explored as related to process control.
capstone project. The project should exemplify the student’s ability to
apply program outcomes.
BUS 446 Production Control 3 Credits
Topics include analysis of economic fluctuations and their impact on
BUS 422 Senior Thesis/Project 3 Credits corporations and consumers; different explanations for business cycles;
Students produce a written work or engage in a project at an monetary and fiscal policy for stabilizing economic fluctuations; effects
appropriate level of analysis and skill. (Work previously submitted for of public debt, investment, employment and trade policy on economic
credit may not be used.) Enrollment in this class and the thesis/project growth.
topic must be approved in advance by the faculty member serving as
thesis/project director. The completed thesis or project is defended
orally before and evaluated by a faculty committee. Students must BUS 450 International Finance 3 Credits
earn a minimum grade of “C–” to fulfill concentration requirement or An examination of the international aspects of corporate finance and
S grade. investing, the course covers balance of payments, foreign exchange
with emphasis on exchange rate determination, exchange risk, hedging,
and interest arbitrage, international money and capital markets,
BUS 430 Finance Seminar 3 Credits international financing, and international banking.
Using readings and case studies, students gain understanding the types
of analysis performed and decisions made by the financial managers
of corporations, focusing on valuation concepts and managing for BUS 599 Introduction to Quantitative Principles 3 Credits
value. Students also explore specific financing and investing decisions This course is an overview of the fundamentals of accounting, finance,
made by the firm’s management to mitigate corporate risk using and economics. Students will investigate the fundamental principles of
insurance and financial derivatives; valuation of real options; real accounting through the preparation of financial statements. The basics
estate investment decision; issues and methods of corporate financial of managerial finance including the use of net present valuation models
management in an international environment. Prerequisite: BUS 405. fundamental financial ratio analysis will be examined. Students will also
explore modern economic philosophy including an understanding of
basic supply and demand, and micro- and macro-economics systems.
BUS 433 New Business Strategy 3 Credits Note: This course can be waived if the student has an undergraduate
This course is intended to provide prospective entrepreneurs with degree in business.
information and tools for evaluating opportunities for starting a new
firm—how to choose markets for entry, when to enter, and what
resources and capabilities it will take to enter and provide a platform BUS 600 Management Communications with Technology Tools 3 Credits
for future growth. Prerequisite: BUS 362. This course is designed to introduce the student to the Ashford
University Graduate Business programs, with emphases upon
conceptualizing communication and communication processes in
BUS 434 Compensation & Benefits Management 3 Credits the contexts of organizations and leadership. Emphasis will be on
This course reviews the fundamentals of wage and salary programs, technology, theories and models, qualitative communication research
including conducting salary surveys, defining compensable factors, methodologies, and research writing.
adjusting pay structures, evaluating pay differentials, and relating pay to
performance. Benefit programs and related employee incentive and
service programs are also covered. Prerequisite: BUS 303. BUS 601 Challenges & Systems in Urban Leadership 3 Credits
This course presents the human, cultural and developmental challenges
of urban leadership within a global framework. It considers systems
BUS 435 Small Business Ventures 3 Credits and approaches for initiating effective, positive change, and identifies
This course explores the strategic planning, operating, financing, legal, leadership attributes and methodologies that are effective in facing the
career and other business issues found in launching a small business complexity of urban realities.
or operating family-owned and managed companies or privately-held
firms. Other course topics include the challenge of identifying viable
business opportunities, gaining the appropriate business skills and tools BUS 602 Experiential Analysis of Global Urban Leadership 3 Credits
to be successful, and defining the capital requirements to operate the A course that includes field-based analysis of complex issues leaders
business. Prerequisite: BUS 362. face in a major city. The course uses an educational travel experience
and globalization as perspectives to investigate specific urban issues
and problems faced in transformational change, and to evaluate
BUS 437 Business Plan Development 3 Credits systems and thinking that can be implemented to achieve desired
This course gives students the opportunity to study the elements of a economic, sociological, political, educational and ethical outcomes.
successful business plan and to put that knowledge to work in creating
a comprehensive business plan for a new venture. Prerequisite: BUS
362. BUS 603 Engaging in Global Leadership 3 Credits
This course evaluates opportunities and patterns for engagement in
global leadership. Topics include analysis of world views, communication
BUS 439 International Human Resources Management 3 Credits in environments of cultural differences, competitiveness, innovation,
In this course, students will examine human resources practices in managing people across cultures, technological tools, and personal
an international business environment. The course also addresses HR values for global leadership effectiveness.
strategies and practices to increase organizational effectiveness and
efficiency as well as international compliance problems faced by HR
professionals.

Course Descriptions
BUS 604 New Business Venture Management 3 Credits BUS 630 Managerial Accounting 3 Credits
This course focuses on the important aspects of starting a new This course studies the role and major functions of the managerial
business enterprise with emphasis on the challenges faced by the accountant within the organization. Students of managerial accounting
entrepreneur in initiating a business venture and directing its early should not only be able to produce accounting information but
development. The course also addresses the process of forming also understand how managers are likely to use and react to that
business ventures, the identification and evaluation of new venture information. The goal of this course is to acquaint students of business
opportunities, and the development of appropriate entry strategies. with the fundamental tools of management accounting and to promote
their understanding of the dramatic ways in which the field is changing.
The emphasis through the text and course is on using account
BUS 605 Venture Capital & Private Equity 3 Credits information to help manage an organization. Some topics covered in
This course will examine the role of finance and the formation of this course include: cost management, various budgeting theories and
financial strategies needed to support each phase of the business start- techniques, and decision-making processes. Prerequisite: BUS 599 or
up. Sources of equity and debt capital along with entry strategies such equivalent.
as franchising and acquisition are examined. Alternative working capital,
capital structure, and investment strategies unique to the start-up are
presented. BUS 631 Integrated Supply Chain Management 3 Credits
Study and analysis of supply chain management for products/services
and the dynamic interaction of companies within an integrated
BUS 606 Global Comparative Management 3 Credits supply chain. Topics include factors guiding companies’ supply chain
This course reviews management systems within their political, social, development and management; Technology as a supply chain tool;
and economic environments with a global perspective. This course also Positioning of a company in terms of its role as a valuable member
emphasizes the managerial processes in a global business environment of the supply chain; and, performance measures used across the
and provides a strategic assessment of the fundamental issues involved supply chain.
in the management of multinational corporations. Topics include
comparative studies of practices of management in foreign nations and
examination of the influences of culture on business operations. BUS 632 Advanced Logistics 3 Credits
This course provides an overview of current logistics and distribution
practices intended to advance current knowledge. Students should
BUS 610 Organizational Behavior 3 Credits gain an understanding of the significant components of logistics
This course investigates behavioral factors that affect modern management and the dynamics of what is considered best practice.
organizations and their management. Topics include group and team Focuses on the complexities associated with the integrated flow of
dynamics, organizational structure, motivation, leadership, power, and raw materials, in-process goods, finished goods, and information from
change management. point-of-origin through the production process to the end consumer.
BUS 611 Project Planning & Management 3 Credits BUS 640 Managerial Economics 3 Credits
This course introduces students to the art and science of project This course is designed to provide a solid foundation of economic
management as applied to different types of project situations. understanding for use in managerial decision-making. The course
Topics such as project life-cycle management, project organizations offers an intuitive non-calculus based treatment of economic theory
and leadership, project team building, RFPs, proposals and contracts, and analysis. A variety of examples is used to illustrate the application
techniques for project scope definition, work definition, estimating, of managerial economics to diverse practical situations. The role that
scheduling, risk management, control and closeout, the project economic analysis plays in that process is emphasized throughout this
management methodology, and PM software are covered. course. Prerequisite: BUS 599 or equivalent.
BUS 612 Advanced Project Procurement 3 Credits BUS 642 Business Research Methods & Tools 3 Credits
This course emphasizes a hands-on approach to using project This course examines the use of quantitative techniques business
management knowledge areas to facilitate scheduling, estimating, decision-making. Using spreadsheet software, the course addresses
tracking and controlling the schedule and costs of the project. A managerial problem solving through the use descriptive statistics,
project baseline will be set so that actual schedule and cost variances hypothesis testing, and correlation and regression (single and
can be compared to the project baseline and corrective actions can multiple) analysis. This course also provides a graduate foundation
be developed to address the variances. In this course students will for conducting business research. Topic coverage includes: research
learn about the legal, ethical, and fiscal considerations in procurement methodology, literature review, hypothesis generation, data collection
and contracts. Students will examine ways of identifying, evaluating and summary techniques. Additional coverage includes study of
and mitigating risk in scheduling, cost control, contracting and qualitative and quantitative data as well as reviewing conceptual versus
procurement. empirical research studies.
BUS 616 International Business 3 Credits BUS 644 Operations Management 3 Credits
This course studies the major functional business areas in a global This course focuses on the principles associated with the effective
context. Taking into consideration socio-political structural differences, design, implementation and management of organizational processes
the multinational corporation is investigated with applications in and systems. With an emphasis on efficiency, course coverage includes:
management, finance, marketing and operations. systems design for products and services, inventory management
systems, distribution and supply chain management.
BUS 620 Managerial Marketing 3 Credits BUS 650 Managerial Finance 3 Credits
This course examines the marketing function, focusing on the This course studies the role and major functions of corporate finance
managerial application of marketing tools and methodology. within the organization. Upon developing an understanding of the
Emphasis is placed on marketing decisions associated with allocating theoretical foundation of corporate finance, students will use financial
organizational resources including: product development and design, tools in an applied case and problem format. Topics covered include:
pricing, promotional strategies, and distribution-based activities. net present value analysis (time value of money), risk assessment,
Course coverage includes the marketing concept, buyer psychology, security valuation, decisions on capital structure and allocation, and the
strategic planning and implementation of marketing plans. weighted average cost of capital. Prerequisite: BUS 599 or equivalent.

Course Descriptions
BUS 655 Financial Investment Management 3 Credits of a strategic plan. This course is cumulative in nature, integrating
The central focus of this course is to develop an understanding of how knowledge and information attained while completing the entire MBA
security markets function, factors that influence security valuation, curriculum. Additionally, the capstone project requires the generation
differentiating between various investment types and understanding and presentation of an industry analysis.
investment risk and return principles. This course covers security
markets operations, investment information, portfolio asset allocation;
financial environment analysis; and evaluation of equity and fixed
BUS 691 Strategies in Organizational Leadership 3 Credits
This course builds on leadership, business, and management concepts.
income securities.
This strategy course provides the student with the opportunity to
synthesize all prior learning in leadership and related coursework and
BUS 657 Corporate Managerial Finance 3 Credits experiences, both personal and professional. The course expands the
This course introduces the financial theory and practices firm leader’s thinking and explores the arena of leadership and how it will
managers use to attain their goal of maximizing corporate shareholder impact the future of the individual, the organization, and the world in
wealth. Topics covered are: analysis techniques of financial statement which we live.
and cash flows; working capital management and financial forecasting;
valuation methods for debt and equity capital; risk and rate of return
theory; cost of capital, capital project budgeting decisions and cash
BUS 692 Strategies in Human Resource Management 3 Credits
This course examines how to manage human resources effectively
flow estimation; optimal capital structure and dividend policy.
in the dynamic legal, social, and economic environment currently
impacting organizations. The course examines human resource
BUS 660 Contemporary Issues in Organizational Leadership 3 Credits management in the current business environment and develops
This course provides an in-depth examination of the multi-faceted alignment with vision, strategy, organizational values, and HR functions.
concept of leadership studies by presenting the student with the Emphasis is placed on integrating human resource management with
vocabulary, concepts, theories, and applicable research that are the overall business strategy.
fundamental to the understanding of leadership. The course examines
contemporary and historical leadership issues, moral and ethical
responsibilities of leadership, and leadership in a variety of contexts.
BUS 693 Global Business Strategy 3 Credits
This course builds on the leadership, business, and management
Leadership as a social and political influence process is examined.
concepts while integrating a comprehensive look at strategic planning
and management in a global environment. The course is designed to
BUS 661 Leading Organizational Change 3 Credits employ case analyses, critical assessments, global market evaluations,
This course blends theories of leadership with concepts and models and a comprehensive strategic planning project to lead the student to
of organizational change. The change process consists of a series of fluency in the global strategic planning process.
steps that focuses on vision, implementation, change agents, and other
internal and external components. The course provides insight into
types of changes that impact organizations and possible strategies to
BUS 694 Finance Capstone Seminar 3 Credits
This course will cover advanced financial topics including: International
effectively address those changes.
financial management, corporate risk management, merger and
acquisitions, portfolio management theory and real options.
BUS 670 Legal Environment 3 Credits
This course involves the study of business law, its foundations, and
the role it plays in managing a business, with a particular emphasis
BUS 695 Marketing Capstone Seminar 3 Credits
This course builds on the leadership, business, and management
on the corporate form. Topics of relevance to be explored include
concepts contained in the MBA program while introducing the
the following core concepts: constitutional law, case law, government
principles and tools for managers to apply in the development,
regulation, ethics, contracts, anti-trust law, securities regulations,
implementation, and review of marketing strategy for organizations.
employment law, environmental law, and crimes and torts.
Topics include internal and external environmental analysis;
value, competition, and strategic choice; strategic positioning; and
BUS 680 Training & Development 3 Credits implementation and control issues. In addition, the capstone project
This course provides in-depth knowledge of training and performance requires the generation and presentation of strategic marketing plan.
development concepts essential for line managers or human resource
specialists. Beginning with fundamental principles of performance, the
course focus is on identifying critical factors in workplace performance
BUS 696 Strategic Thinking for Entrepreneurs 3 Credits
This course focuses on application of key strategic and managerial
and in determining how to analyze the causes of performance
approaches necessary entrepreneurs to implement the strategy for
problems. Additionally, this course distinguishes between training and
a start up or business takeover enterprise. It examines and discusses
development and addresses their complementary functions in the
how entrepreneurial firms develop and implement innovative business
modern organization.
plans, create functional operations, and incorporate technology
strategies. Emphasis is placed on the vision of the firm, the strategic
BUS 681 Compensation & Benefits 3 Credits planning process, and strategic management. The final component is
This course provides in-depth knowledge into compensation theories, the generation of a business plan as a capstone project.
policies, systems, and practices, with particular emphasis toward
designing effective compensation programs.
BUS 697 Project Management Strategy 3 Credits
This course focuses on application of managerial approaches
BUS 690 Business Strategy 3 Credits necessary to align significant projects with organizational strategy. It
This capstone course explores the formulation, implementation, examines and discusses how firms determine business benefits and
and evaluation/control of organizational strategic management. In project feasibility, report progress, and measure project quality while
the context of a globally competitive market, students will explore communicating with key organizational stakeholders. Emphasis is
methods of directing an entire organization through applied case placed on Earned Value Management techniques and achieving project
analysis. Topics include analysis of competitive position, value creation, progress and technical performance of the project.
development of system-wide goals and objectives, and creation

Course Descriptions
BUS 698 Supply Chain Strategic Management 3 Credits CGD 303 Publication Design 3 Credits
This covers addresses the strategic implications of sourcing and In this course, students are introduced to graphic design with an
supplier relationships in the context of supply chain management. emphasis on theory and practice in designing visually effective
Critical elements including identifying and selecting suppliers, communication media. Emphasis is placed on understanding principles
negotiating contract terms and conditions, implementing contracts, of visual literacy and design to communicate ideas in publications such
and measuring performance in the context of the organization’s as newspapers, brochures, newsletters, and magazines. The course also
strategic plans are covered. Practical examples of sourcing excellence includes study and practice in visualizing communication problems in
are provided. the layout and design of publications and an introduction to desktop
publishing using Quark XPress and PageMaker. Prerequisite: Fulfillment
of computer competency or permission of the instructor. (Cross-listed
as JRN 303.)
CGD Computer Graphic Design
CGD 318 Public Relations Practices & Promotional Writing 3 Credits
CGD 217 Survey of Graphic Communications 3 Credits An introduction to current procedures and duties of public relations
This lecture course is a survey of design principles and practices used personnel will be studied. Students will write news releases, brochures,
in computer animation, Web design, and print media. The course speeches, reports, memos, scripts, and ad copy using workshop format.
teaches students to understand the proper audience, marketing
strategies, design criteria, and choices of graphic software to produce
professional graphic art. Prerequisite: Computer competency. (Cross- CGD 323 3-D Modeling II 3 Credits
listed as JRN 217.) In this course, students expand their knowledge and skills in 3-D
computer modeling. New techniques using curves, NURBS, polygons,
and subdivisions will be taught and evaluated by use of tutorials, in-
CGD 218 Visual Literacy in Business 3 Credits class demonstrations, group critiques, and large-scale projects. In
This course examines the evolution and trends in digital media addition, lighting and texturing techniques will be incorporated into the
utilized in business. Course content and activities focus on message 3-D models. The focus of the class is to build a larger body of work
content and creation and the visual principles and theories that shape with demo-reel-quality models.
effective visual communication in the business environment. Legal
and ethical issues relating to visual communication will be introduced
and incorporated into projects that develop visual literacy and visual CGD 324 3-D Animation I 3 Credits
problem-solving skills. This course will familiarize students with the basics principles and
theory of primitive animation using Alias Maya. Students will be
exposed to a greater level of function using Maya’s animation tools and
CGD 220 Storytelling & Storyboarding 3 Credits functions including such things as key framing, blend-shapes, motion
Students will learn to create both linear and nonlinear stories, moving paths, deformers, and set-driven key. Much of the class revolves around
from “word” to “image” and, consequently, engaging in valuable tutorials, in-class demonstrations, group critiques, and larger project
preproduction concepts. Prerequisite: ART 105. assignments. Prerequisite: CGD 223.
CGD 221 2-D Computer Animation 3 Credits CGD 325 3-D Animation II 3 Credits
This is an introductory course into the world of 2-D computer This course will familiarize you with the basics principles and theory of
animation using the latest in 2-D computer animation software for the character animation using Alias Maya. Students will be exposed to such
Web. Students gain a broad knowledge of basic primitive animation, things as building a character, character rigging, forward and inverse
squash and stretch, walk cycles, lip synch, composition, color theory, kinematics, skinning, lip synch, animation with a biped character, and
storyboarding, timing, and character design and development. character acting. Much of the class revolves around physical expression
acting, tutorials, in-class demonstrations, group critiques, and larger
project assignments. Prerequisite: CGD 324.
CGD 223 3-D Modeling I 3 Credits
This course introduces students to the basic principles of building
three-dimensional objects, to environments, and to characters, with the CGD 326 3-D Dynamics 3 Credits
high-end 3-D animation software, Alias Maya. Students will learn basic Students will learn the basics of 3-D dynamics in Alias Maya. Rudiments
concepts such as modeling techniques with NURBS, polygons, and of fundamental principles of dynamics in 3-D space are covered
subdivisions; lighting; texturing; rendering; and composition. The class is including rigid bodies, soft bodies, particle systems, and MEL. Much
largely based on tutorials, in-class demonstrations, group critiques, and of the class revolves around tutorials, in-class demonstrations, group
larger project assignments. critiques, and larger project assignments. Prerequisite: CGD 223.
CGD 240 Media Writing & Editing 3 Credits CGD 327 Advanced 3-D Seminar I 3 Credits
An introduction to the process of writing for varied media. Emphasis This course will focus on honing students’ individual skills in 3-D
is on gathering information, writing styles, editing, and organization computer graphics. Each student will choose a concentration in 3-D
of written communication. Practical experience includes writing for computer graphics (e.g., modeling, animation, special effects, etc.
campus media. and produce a 3-D computer graphic film. Coursework will include
script writing, storyboarding, group discussions and critiques, and full
production of the student’s own 3-D film to be screened at the end
CGD 253 Web Publishing 3 Credits of the semester. Prerequisites: CGD 220, CGD 223, CGD 324, and
An introduction to the Internet as a medium for publishing. Included is CGD 325.
an introduction to HTML and opportunities to work with current
Web publishing software. This course will cover navigational
organization, selection, and linking of animations, illustrations, photos, CGD 330 Digital Still Imaging 3 Credits
and sound to Web pages. Prerequisite: Computer competency. (Cross- An exploration of the impact of digital technology on the process
listed as JRN 253.) of creating still images. Current hardware and software will be utilized
to create and manipulate images and to prepare them for publication
or multimedia use. Creative and ethical aspects of this technology will

Course Descriptions
also be examined. Prerequisite: ART 215 or permission of
the instructor. CHE Chemistry
CGD 331 Digital Video & Audio 3 Credits CHE 108 Introductory Environmental Chemistry 4 Credits
A course in the creation of digital imagery and sound for multimedia This course will cover chemical concepts and principles in the context
productions including capturing digital still camera images, creating of real-world societal issues such as air pollution, water pollution, acid
digital videos, and recording and shaping sounds. This course uses rain, and global warming. The course includes three lectures and one
traditional analog audio/video devices as well as digital synthesis laboratory session weekly. (Cross-listed under ENV 108.) F or S
to edit, shape, and manipulate imagery and sound with computer
software. Projects include making music videos and short films. CHE 151 General Chemistry I 4 Credits
Prerequisites: Computer competency and CGD 220. An introduction to modern inorganic chemistry including the study
of structure and bonding patterns of the elements, stoichiometry,
CGD 332 Multimedia Authoring 3 Credits physical and chemical properties of matter and solutions. Laboratory
Multimedia authoring is the incorporation of animation, video, exercises reinforce principles covered in lecture. Three lectures and
still imaging, and audio elements into interactive entertainment, one three-hour laboratory weekly. Prerequisite: Successful completion
informational, promotional, or educational productions for CD-ROM of mathematics competency (Math 225 or equivalent) F
and the Web. Prerequisite: CGD 217.
CHE 152 General Chemistry II 4 Credits
CGD 340 Print Production 3 Credits A continuation of General Chemistry 151. Topics include kinetics,
This course covers the proper procedures for creating print-ready equilibrium, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and nuclear chemistry.
files in both native and prescript formats. Students will study the Three lectures and one three-hour laboratory weekly. Prerequisite:
technological innovations in the printing procedures. Prerequisites: Successful completion of CHE 151 or equivalent and Successful
CGD 303 and CGD 330. (Cross-listed as JRN 340.) completion of mathematics competency (Math 225 or equivalent) S
CGD 344 Computer Graphics Practicum 1-2 Credits CHE 203 Demonstrations for Teachers 3 Credits
Prospective Computer Graphic majors function under the tutelage Provides an opportunity for teachers to perform practical chemistry
of professionals in graphics communication, public relations, and demonstrations and to review fundamental chemical principles and
other related entities. Students complete 52 hours in a professional fundamental safety procedures. These demonstrations are suitable for
work environment, provide evidence of learning through a written incorporation into the physical, biological, and earth science curricula.
journal, and keep an up-to-date time sheet. Prerequisite: Qualified If appropriate, applications to the teacher side of laboratories will
upper-division student with cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission of the be explored. This course includes two lectures weekly. Prerequisite:
supervising faculty member is required. Successful completion of Physical World Requirement. (Not offered
every year)
CGD 353 Dynamic Publishing 3 Credits

This course introduces students to the basic concepts of dynamic CHE 204 Chemical Problems (Mu Sigma Eta) 1 Credit
media, interactive Websites, video games, advertising, and issues Undergraduate seminar to study selected chemical problems and to
involved in generating and delivering content dynamically. Students will undertake research and literature searches in the area. Admission by
evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic media with regard to usability invitation only F or S
and accessibility for different audiences. Prerequisites: CGD 221 and
computer competency recommended. CHE 222 Science Division Internship 0.5-1 Credit
A student can earn one-half credit hour of credit per semester up to
CGD 392 IS Internship 3 Credits a maximum of 4 credit hours toward a degree through participation
Internships are designed to open new career paths, foster personal in an internship in a divisional activity such as lab assistant or tutor.
growth, and expose the student to practical computer projects or Grading will be on a Pass/Fail basis. Prerequisite: Permission of the
programs. Participants in the program are responsible for completing instructor. F or S
real projects typical of those assigned to computer technology
graduates in entry-level positions. Every effort is made to place interns CHE 301 Organic Chemistry I 5 Credits
in positions that match their primary career interests, although this A study of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and the functional
cannot be guaranteed. A minimum of 150 hours is devoted to the derivation of these organic compounds with emphasis on
internship. Application must be made through an advisor eight weeks in nomenclature, reaction mechanisms, and stereochemistry. Laboratory
advance of the regular fall or spring registration. Prerequisites: Senior includes instruction in physical methods of analysis and synthesis of
status; completion of courses applicable to the internship work; 3.00 organic compounds. Three lectures and four hours of laboratory
GPA overall; 3.00 GPA in computer graphics design, management weekly. Prerequisite: Successful completion of CHE 152 or equivalent
information systems, or computer science/math; and permission of the and Successful completion of mathematics competency (Math 225 or
Internship Committee. equivalent) F
CGD 427 Advanced 3-D Seminar II 3 Credits CHE 302 Organic Chemistry II 5 Credits
This is the second of a two-part class where students focus on A study of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and the functional
specific areas of interest in 3-D animation by making a film. Students derivation of these organic compounds with emphasis on
will continue work on their films already in production. In addition, nomenclature, reaction mechanisms, and stereochemistry. Laboratory
students will develop a demo reel for submission to future employers. includes instruction in physical methods of analysis and synthesis of
At the end of the course, students will screen their films to the staff organic compounds. Course content is a continuation of CHE 301.
and to the student body of Ashford University. Prerequisite: CGD 327. Three lectures and four hours of laboratory weekly. Prerequisite:
Successful completion of CHE 301 or equivalent. S and Successful
completion of mathematics competency (Math 225 or equivalent).

Course Descriptions
CHE 306 Environmental Chemistry 4 Credits COM 323 Persuasion & Argumentation 3 Credits
This course will cover chemical concepts and principles of air, water Students will learn critical thinking methods to enable them to analyze
and soils pollution and the analytical analysis of their impacts. The and evaluate arguments and understand which contribute to effective
course includes three lectures and one laboratory session weekly. and non-effective persuasion. They will formulate persuasive arguments
Prerequisite: Successful completion of mathematics competency and learn to deliver those arguments effectively, both in oral and
(Math 225 or equivalent) and successful completion of CHE 152 or written forms. This course examines the purpose and function of
equivalent (Cross-listed as ENV 306). (Not offered every year) research in supporting elements of argument and persuasion and the
need to understand receiver variables.
CHE 313 Nuclear Chemistry 3 Credits
An introductory course in the applications of radionuclide’s in COM 325 Communication & Conflict 3 Credits
chemistry. Key topics include principles of radioactive decay, The course provides students with conflict resolution techniques
interactions of radiation with matter, radiation detectors, radioactive through communication. Students will analyze the purpose of conflict,
tracers, nuclear methods of analysis, and sources of radioactive learn to work with difficult people, and understand communication as
materials. Three lectures weekly. Prerequisite: Successful completion a significant factor in the development, management, and resolution
of CHE 152 or equivalent and Successful completion of Mat 227 or of conflict at the interpersonal, small group, organization, and societal
equivalent. S levels.
CHE 315 Quantitative Chemistry 4 Credits COM 340 Technical Writing 3 Credits
This course explores the theory and practice of chemical analysis This course provides students with technical writing concepts and
and basic laboratory instrumental analysis, with emphasis given to principles and the skills necessary to compose effective technical
gravimetric and volumetric techniques. Laboratory experience with documents for a broad range of professions. Emphasis is placed on
basic quantitative techniques, including statistical methods of data making complex and technical information understandable to a variety
analysis, is included. Lecture, discussion, and four hours of laboratory of audiences. Students will explore types of technical documents
weekly. Prerequisite: Successful completion of CHE 152 or equivalent and the specific techniques applicable to technical writing such as
and successful completion of mathematics competency (Math 228 outlines, abstracts, definition, and classification strategies. They will
recommended). F have an opportunity to apply their knowledge by writing a process
or mechanism description, a proposal/recommendation report, and a
detailed instruction for performing a task or operation.
CHE 322 Internship 1-6 Credits
The student must devote 50 hours for each credit hour of normally
non-remunerative work in an off-site laboratory environment such as COM 345 Media Writing for Communication 3 Credits
an industrial or medical laboratory to learn the use and applications of This course is an introduction to the process of writing for varied
specialized laboratory equipment. Prerequisites: Successful completion media. Emphasis is on gathering information, writing styles, editing, and
of CHE 152 or equivalent, Junior status, approval by a supervising organization of written communication.
faculty member, and a cumulative grade point average of 3.00. F or S
COM 360 Advanced Communications in Society 3 Credits
This course integrates the use of advanced communication techniques
COM Communications into a variety of contexts shaped by socially and culturally-constructed
distinctions between and among individuals and groups. Topics
include intercultural, multicultural, international, and inter-gender
COM 200 Interpersonal Communication 3 Credits communications.
This course is designed to aid students in understanding the dynamics
of interpersonal relationships.Verbal and nonverbal communication
patterns between people in personal, social, academic, and professional COM 425 Communication in Organizations 3 Credits
settings will be examined, and the nature of those interactions This course investigates the role of communication in creating an
will be evaluated using contemporary communication theory. effective and ethical organizational environment. Students will be
The course will enable students to identify their interpersonal assisted in developing and strengthening such communication skills as
communication behaviors and to more critically evaluate their own self- awareness, intrapersonal efficacy, interpersonal competence, and
oral communication and that of others. A primary goal of the course leadership and team skills.
is to improve the quality of students’ communication in their personal
and professional relationships.
COM 480 Communication Studies Capstone 3 Credits
This course is a summative compilation of representative work
COM 321 Communication Theory 3 Credits from each course in the program. Students will create an electronic
This course examines theoretical perspectives and research findings portfolio containing the assignments completed throughout the
concerning human communication. Students will examine classic program to demonstrate professional achievement. Students will
approaches and new theories and research in interpersonal, group, complete a comprehensive research project on a selected career field.
organizational, and public communication. They will analyze and
critique these theories and research findings and assess the impact of
technology on communication patterns. Relationship stages, theories,
and contemporary views of “family” are examined, as well as the CRJ Criminal Justice
impact of family, culture, and gender on communication patterns.
Types of groups and organizations are identified, as well as concepts
of power and interaction in group, organizational, and public settings.
CRJ 201 Introduction to Criminal Justice 3 Credits
This course involves an analysis of the criminal justice system focusing
In this class, students will also have an opportunity to examine
on the police, courts, and corrections.
the practical implications of these concepts in building their own
communication skills.

Course Descriptions
CRJ 301 Juvenile Justice 3 Credits CRJ 422 Criminal Justice Capstone 3 Credits
This course describes prevalent patterns of juvenile delinquency, Students will review all learning objectives achieved throughout
relates these patterns to theories of child and adolescent development, previous coursework and develop a comprehensive, focused study of a
and examines various theories pertaining to the causes of criminal modern criminal justice issue while applying solutions and predictions
behavior among juveniles. In addition, the course surveys the roles for future trends in criminal and social justice. Successful students will
of police, courts, and delinquency intervention programs in the focus on the pragmatic application of principles and theories that guide
administration of juvenile justice. Emphasis will be given to strategies of criminal justice practice in the United States.
prevention and early intervention.
CRJ 433 Principle & Theory of Security Issues 3 Credits
CRJ 303 Corrections 3 Credits This course outlines the principles and topics relevant to business
An analysis of correctional procedures and institutions, especially jails, and organizational security management. Students gain understanding
prisons, parole, and probation is the focus of this course. Other topics of established management functions, including the role of the Chief
include inmate subcultures, rehabilitation, and prisonization. Security Officer.Various facets of physical, personnel, and information
security are studied, as well as aspects of loss prevention and the
protection of assets.
CRJ 305 Crime Prevention 3 Credits
This course explores strategies of crime prevention including
programs designed to reduce opportunities to commit crime, CRJ 435 Evaluation of Security Programs 3 Credits
programs to alleviate demoralizing community social and economic This course examines industry standards and practices and methods
conditions that foster criminal behavior, programs to improve police/ of determining the adequacy of security management programs. It
community cooperation, and programs to educate young people as to also explores the concepts of legal liability, management structures and
likely consequences of criminal behavior. techniques, and their impact on security operations.
CRJ 306 Criminal Law & Procedure 3 Credits CRJ 437 Contemporary Issues in Security Management 3 Credits
A survey of constitutional rights, police compliance to constitutional This course focuses on the current topics in security management
rights, and constitutional amendments that specifically apply to the such as substance abuse, violence, adjudication and reconsideration
individual. The course examines the application of these rights in the reviews, security countermeasures, case management, use of
enforcement, investigation, and adjudication of specific crimes. examinations such as polygraphs, report writing, international
commercial sales, and media relations. The role of the security
manager in personnel management, security planning, organizational
CRJ 308 Psychology of Criminal Behavior 3 Credits communication, recruitment, retention, training and development, and
Psychology of Criminal Behavior is an integrated course applying management of contracts are also examined.
the research and methodology of psychology and sociology to
the understanding of criminal conduct. Theories of psychology are
explored including biological, developmental, cognitive, social learning, CRJ 439 Security Administration 3 Credits
and psychoanalytic. The sociological concepts of social process and This course focuses on the real world applications for security
structure, social control, and social conflict are introduced. managers. Staff selection and employee screening are discussed,
as well as daily operating procedures, guard operations, securing
information systems, and investigations are discussed. Students will be
CRJ 311 Forensics 3 Credits introduced to current topics in workplace violence, managing change,
Forensic science applies scientific methodology to crime scene security awareness training, and physical security.
investigation and crime solving. This course analyzes techniques
of crime scene investigation and the lawful gathering of evidence.
Emphasis is placed upon the Federal Rules of Evidence, including the CRJ 441 Homeland Defense 3 Credits
admissibility of physical evidence at trial, as well as the role of forensic This course will examine the boundaries of the national security
science in the criminal justice system and the identification, collection, mission by evaluating the threats, actors, and organizational structures
and preservation of physical evidence (chain of custody issues). and resources affecting the security of the United States.
CRJ 443 Intelligence & Homeland Security 3 Credits

CRJ 320 Families & Domestic Violence 3 Credits This course examines the relationship between intelligence and
This course looks at the growing issues of domestic violence, child homeland security strategy during the 20th century with emphasis
abuse, child neglect, and dependent adult abuse. This course will look placed on the Cold War. Using a case study approach, students will
at the theories as to why these issues are occurring, how social analyze past and present national security issues from an intelligence
service agencies and the criminal justice system are working together perspective.
to deal with these issues, and how the media is used to discourage
these issues. The intent of this course is to show students the CRJ 445 Consequence Management:
problem, the causes, and some solutions to the issue of family and
domestic violence. Terrorism Preparation & Response 3 Credits
This course addresses the potential results of nuclear, biological,
and chemical warfare and incidents. Topics include public health
CRJ 420 Criminal Justice Practicum 3 Credits consequences, emergency planning and response measures, detection
Students apply the skills and knowledge learned from the criminal and management technologies, and vulnerabilities. Course objectives
justice curriculum in a work environment. Performance of 150 hours include examination of the historical uses of chemical and biological
of normally non-remunerative work in a criminal justice setting under weapons and the impacts of chemical and biological weapons.
faculty supervision is required. Approval of the supervising faculty
member and a cumulative grade point average of 2.75 are required. CRJ 447 Homeland Security Organization 3 Credits
Prerequisite: Senior standing. Students will examine federal, state, local, private, and other
organizational structures involved in homeland security. The course
focuses on development of homeland security from early to modern
times with an emphasis on the emerging homeland security structure
and culture.

Course Descriptions
CRJ 451 Homicide Investigation & Evidence Gathering 3 Credits
This course provides students with the skills and knowledge necessary
DRA Drama
for the resolution of homicide investigations. A historical overview
is provided and current topics are explored. Topics include criminal DRA 101 Creative Techniques for Theater Production 2 Credits
behavior, the role of the crime laboratory, DNA testing, and medical/ A course designed for anyone interested in or responsible for “putting
legal causes of death. Students will also be introduced to policies and on a play.” This course will cover all the basic areas of mounting a
procedures for evaluating and gathering evidence, with attention to production, from choosing a script to closing-night curtain calls. The
blood stain and physical evidence and the impact of physical force on focus of this course will be creative problem solving rather than
bodies and objects. technical expertise, and so will be of interest to anyone who may find
themselves involved in theater in any school, church, or community
setting. (Not offered every year) F
CRJ 453 Criminal Profiling 3 Credits
This course defines the motivators and environmental influences
leading to criminal behavior, as well as the patterns of offending. DRA 102 Introduction to Acting & Directing 2 Credits
Students are introduced to profiling approaches and techniques and A class that will be of interest to anyone who has ever acted or
their relationship to crime solving. wanted to act or who just wants to be more confident and more
comfortable when speaking to or dealing with groups. The class
will also delve into the aspects of directing for theater and of the
CRJ 455 Criminal Law 3 Credits cooperative effort involved in the actor/director team. The class will
This course provides an in-depth analysis of criminal law. The benefit students of any skill level, from those who have never set foot
principles of criminal liability are emphasized as well as the actions, upon a stage to those who have theater experience. (Not offered
mental state, and circumstances that are common to individuals every year) S
committing crimes against society, persons, or to property.
CRJ 457 Forensic Evidence & the Law 3 Credits ECE Early Childhood Education
Students are exposed to the historical and contemporary contexts in
which arguments are made about the quality of forensic evidence and
the legal burden of proof in criminal litigation. Methods and strategies ECE 101 Introduction to Early Childhood Education 3 Credits
for the gathering, analyzing, and application of forensic evidence are This course provides an overview of the field of early childhood
discussed. This course examines the principles and practices of education including history, philosophy, advocacy, public policy, issues,
crime scene investigation as well as the procedures for the collection, trends, and careers. This course includes 10 hours of observation in an
preservation, documentation, and analysis of physical evidence. early childhood environment for on-campus endorsement.
CRJ 461 Corrections Administration & Management 3 Credits ECE 212/312 Administration of
This course evaluates and develops the competencies necessary Early Childhood Education Programs 3 Credits
in corrections management and administration at all levels. Topics This course focuses on the development and implementation of
include strategic planning, risk assessment, effective leadership early childhood programs for a variety of age groups and purposes.
strategies, and current issues in corrections management. Students Specifically, curriculum development, materials, teaching strategies,
gain an understanding of the structure of the correctional facility as evaluation, budgets, hiring procedures and state guidelines/regulations
an organization. Ethical, legal, and social implications of corrections are addressed as are the skills and competencies to implement the
administration are discussed in detail. above. Must be taken concurrently with one of the ECE practica for
the on-campus endorsement.
CRJ 463 Contemporary Corrections Issues 3 Credits
This course focuses on a broad range of contemporary concerns and ECE 213/313 Collaboration with Parents & Community 3 Credits
topics in criminal justice such as racism in sentencing, racial profiling, Factors that promote effective communication and collaboration with
police use of deadly force, national drug control policy, community parents of babies and preschool-aged children, families and community
policing, court authorized electronic intercepts, and prosecutorial resources are considered in this course.
discretion. Students will research current criminal justice issues
and make analytical observations using concepts and methodologies
learned in the class. ECE 214 Nutrition & Health of Children & Families 3 Credits
This course provides a study of the health and nutrition needs of
children and families.
CRJ 465 Corrections & Incarceration 3 Credits
This course examines approaches of correctional facilities and
provides an overview of historic and contemporary philosophies and ECE 222/335 Children’s Literature 3 Credits
practices in the American Penal System. Treatment programs, prisoners’ Students learn how to select and use children’s books and other media
rights, intermediate sanctions, and intuitional management are among relating to physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of
the topics discussed, as well as correctional issues pertaining to race/ babies and preschool-aged children.
ethnicity and women.
ECE 311 Early Childhood Curriculum & Methods 3 Credits
CRJ 467 Probation & Parole 3 Credits This course focuses on curriculum development in early childhood
The purpose and procedures pertaining to probation and parole are and teaching strategies with a developmentally appropriate approach.
analyzed in this course. Topics include pre-sentence investigation, Students will prepare curriculum and practice teaching strategies
supervision of probationers, parole administration and services, which illustrate the characteristics of play and creativity. The guidance
treatment theory, juvenile services, and parole officers. Students are of young children to include behavior management and creating
introduced to such new concepts as community-based corrections, positive learning environments will also be emphasized. Must be
the justice model, and determinate sentencing and their impact on taken concurrently with one of the ECE practica for the on-campus
traditional policy and practice. endorsement.

Course Descriptions
ECE 315 Language Development in Young Children 3 Credits ECE 601 Introduction to Early Childhood Education 3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to the developmental stages This course provides an overview of the field of early childhood
of language acquisition in young children from birth to the age of 6. education including history, philosophy, advocacy, public policy, issues,
The focus of the course is on the facilitation of language acquisition trends, and careers.
in young children. Must be taken concurrently with one of the ECE
practica for the on-campus endorsement.
ECE 611 Early Childhood Curriculum & Methods 3 Credits
This course focuses on curriculum development in early childhood
ECE 332 Child Development 3 Credits and teaching strategies with a developmentally appropriate approach.
This course provides a basic introduction to the nature of human Students will prepare curriculum and practice teaching strategies
growth and development as it occurs from conception through early which illustrate the characteristics of play and creativity. The guidance
childhood. Students learn about motor, cognitive, social, emotional, of young children to include behavior management and creating
moral, aesthetic, and language development in early childhood. positive learning environments will also be emphasized.
ECE 353 Cognitive Development of Infants & Young Children 3 Credits ECE 612 Administration of Early Childhood Education 3 Credits
Gain knowledge of cognitive and brain development in children This course focuses on the development and implementation of
from birth to eight years of age. The variations in rates of cognitive early childhood programs for a variety of age groups and purposes.
development and the impact on development in other areas will be Specifically, curriculum development, materials, teaching strategies,
explored throughout the course. Students will apply this knowledge to evaluation, budgets, hiring procedures and state guidelines/regulations
designing programs to meet the needs of children with varying needs are addressed as are the skills and competencies to implement the
and abilities. above.
ECE 354 Assessment & Intervention During Early Childhood 3 Credits ECE 623 Collaboration with Parents & Community 3 Credits
This course explores the issues around early assessment and Factors that promote effective communication and collaboration with
intervention with young children. Specific developmental concerns will parents of babies and preschool-aged children, families and community
be identified and intervention programs will be examined. resources are considered in this course.
ECE 355 Understanding Behavior & Family Dynamics 3 Credits

This course explores developmental theory and the relationship to ECO Economics
the socialization and education of young children in child rearing,
caring, and education. Special emphasis will be placed upon exploring
how the child is viewed in the context of his or her family and the ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic Issues 3 Credits
community at large. Contemporary economic issues are discussed and relevant economic
theory is introduced throughout this course of study. The economic
theories of supply and demand, competitive markets, and price
ECE 405 Children & Families in a Diverse Society 3 Credits elasticity are explored.
This course will provide a clear and practical introduction to
multicultural and anti-bias issues, and aid students in developing
culturally relevant methods in working with children and families in ECO 203 Principles of Macroeconomics 3 Credits
early childhood settings. Introduction to national income determination and the equilibrium
level of output and employment. Monetary and fiscal policies as well
as open economy issues are discussed. Prerequisites: Critical thinking
ECE 419 Student Teaching in Pre-K 4 Credits competency and computer competency recommended
Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a
University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will spend
4 to 8 weeks in a Pre-K classroom to meet licensure guidelines. ECO 204 Principles of Microeconomics 3 Credits
Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S Introduction to the theory of consumer equilibrium, market structure,
and wage determination. Recommended prerequisites: critical thinking
competency, mathematics competency, and computer competency.
ECE 420 Student Teaching in K 8 Credits
University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will spend ECO 308 Economics for Managers 3 Credits
8 weeks in a Kindergarten classroom. Prerequisite: Admission into the This course will provide a survey of the field of economics as it relates
Student Teaching Semester. F/S to effective management. The course is designed to provide a basic
understanding of the principles, concepts, and operational aspects of
our economic system.
ECE 430 Early Childhood Education Capstone 3 Credits
This is the capstone course for the Early Childhood Education and
the Early Childhood Education Administration Major, to be taken at ECO 316 Financial Institutions & Markets 3 Credits
the completion of the major courses. This course provides students A study of money and capital markets concentrating on interest rate
with the opportunity to integrate and apply their learning from the determination, the major public and private financial institutions in the
course of study for Early Childhood Education in a comprehensive U.S. economy, and the major types of financial instruments including
manner. Students will reflect on the courses taken and develop an bonds, equities, and derivative instruments. Prerequisite: ECO 100 or
understanding on the National Association for the Education of Young ECO 203. (Cross-listed as BUS 316.) (Offered in alternate years) F
Children (NAEYC) and the National Council for Accreditation of
Teacher Education (NCATE) standards, developmentally appropriate
practices based upon child development research, center-based ECO 317 Money & Banking 3 Credits
curriculum and professionalism. This course will culminate with The nature and function of the commercial banking system, the Federal
a comprehensive final project that integrates the student learning Reserve System, and the role of money and monetary policy in the
throughout the program as well as a final exam that covers the national economy. Prerequisite: ECO 100 or ECO 203. (Alternate
program learning outcomes. years) F

Course Descriptions
ECO 320 International Economics 3 Credits EDU 250 Foundations of American Education 2 Credits
This course will focus on the environment of firms with particular The philosophical, historical, and social foundations of American
emphasis on economic variables such as GNP, inflation, interest rates, education are studied, and basic concepts of curriculum are introduced.
exchange rates and international trade. Students explore the ethical aspects of schooling, legislation, and public
policy that affect all children and families with and without disabilities
and the legal aspects of education in the 21st century. Current trends
ECO 342 Principles of Econometrics 3 Credits and issues of the profession that may help reform and improve
This course introduces students to multiple regression methods for practice in schools are identified. Prerequisite: EDU 200, ENG 122, or
analyzing data in economics and related disciplines. The mathematics permission of the instructor.
of econometrics will be introduced only as needed and will not be a
central focus.
EDU 270 Principles of Education & Field Experience II 2 Credits
During the seminar sessions held twice each week, students study
ECO 406 Business Cycles & Growth 3 Credits curriculum, lesson planning, classroom guidance and discipline, active
Topics include analysis of economic fluctuations and their impact on nonviolence, etc. Within the weekly field experience component
corporations and consumers; different explanations for business cycles; (25 hours per semester), students participate in classrooms of local
monetary and fiscal policy for stabilizing economic fluctuations; effects schools under the direction of experienced teachers. Placements for
of public debt, investment, employment and trade policy on economic field experiences are made in preschools, elementary classrooms, or
growth. secondary classrooms, depending on the University student’s area
of focus. This course must be taken at the University. Prerequisites:
Successful completion of PSY 104 and EDU 200 (grade of “C-”
or above) and completion or concurrent enrollment in EDU 250.
EDU Education Students must meet eligibility requirements to apply for admission to
EDU Prefix - Core courses required for Elementary and/or Secondary the Practitioner Preparation Program (an overall grade point average
Education. ESE 325 and ESE 315 are also core courses. of 2.50 and a minimum grade point average of 2.70 in core education
and endorsement courses) or permission of the course instructor(s)
and advisor(s).
EDU 200 Introduction to Education & Field Experience 1 Credit
During the one-hour seminar held each week, students are introduced
to basic concepts of curriculum, teaching methodology, and EDU 300 Internship in Education 1-8 Credits
cooperative learning. Within the weekly field experience component Students take part in regularly scheduled weekly activities in area
(25 hours per semester), students participate in classrooms of local schools under the direction of a cooperating teacher. An Education
schools under the direction of experienced teachers. Placements for professor who coordinates the school experience conducts University
field experience are made in preschools, elementary classrooms, or classroom activities. University students meet weekly with the
secondary classrooms, depending on the University student’s area University professor to plan activities and to document participation
of focus. Prerequisite: Concurrent enrollment or prior successful in the school.Variable credit, typically 28 hours of in-school contact
completion of PSY 104 (grade of C- or above), a minimum overall for each college credit. Can be repeated with a change in school
grade point average of 2.00, or permission of the course instructor(s) placement. Prerequisites: Prior consent of Academic Advisor and
and advisor/S Dean of the College of Education before registration in the course.
(Arranged Only)
EDU 203 Child & Adolescent Literature 3 Credits

Students learn to select and use children’s books and other media EDU 301 Language Arts in the Elementary Schools 3 Credits
relating to the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development The curriculum and materials of teaching language arts (reading,
of preschool, elementary, and middle school students. The course spelling, listening, writing, speaking, and handwriting) are taught in
highlights popular authors. Prerequisites: PSY 104 and sophomore conjunction with pedagogical methods for instruction of elementary
standing students. Prerequisites: Admission into the Practitioner Preparation
Program and concurrent enrollment in EDU 303 and EDU 305. F
EDU 215 Educational Psychology 3 Credits EDU 303 Introduction to Reading Curriculum & Methods 3 Credits
Students explore major psychological and sociological factors in Students analyze reading curriculum, materials, and methods to
the teaching-learning situation: principles of learning, testing and become aware of modern instructional procedures for grades K-6.
measurement, learning techniques, methods and media of instruction, Prerequisites: Admission to the Practitioner Preparation Program and
classroom management, classroom/educator influences upon concurrent enrollment in EDU 301 and EDU 305. F
achievement, and criteria for evaluation. Prerequisites: PSY 104 or
permission of the instructor or S.
EDU 305 Clinical Experience: Language Arts/Reading Methods 1 Credit
Prospective teachers work directly with students in classrooms of
EDU 240 Linguistically & Culturally Diverse Learners 3 Credits local schools. Under the direction of experienced teachers, 56 hours
This course explores strategies and techniques to support the success are spent in the areas of reading and language arts. Students will
of language and culturally diverse students. The values, customs, and present approximately six lessons as instructed by the classroom
communication styles of cultural groups and their implication for teacher. Prerequisites: Admission to the Practitioner Preparation
teaching are considered. Research-based instructional approaches to Program and concurrent enrollment in EDU 301 and EDU 303. F
developing English learner literacy will be examined.
EDU 310 Integrating Technology in the Classroom 2 Credits
Focus on student demonstration of competency in using technology
EDU 242 Understanding & Teaching English Language 3 Credits to enhance instruction at the elementary and secondary levels.
In this course students will study the structure of the English language Course assignments and projects require the use of productivity
in order to better understand the difficulties that arise in learning a tools, presentation tools, digital cameras, Internet Websites, and
second language. English phonology, syntax, analysis, and application of SMART Board technologies. Among other topics are evaluation of
linguistic theory will be studied. Websites, CD-ROMs, and copyright legalities in education. Prerequisite:
Admission to the Practitioner Preparation Program. F/S

Course Descriptions
EDU 311 Social Studies Curriculum & Methods 2 Credits EDU 328 Practicum in Secondary Physical Education 1 Credit
Students explore the development of basic concepts and curricula Prospective physical education teachers study directly in classrooms of
of social studies in the elementary schools and examine inquiry and local schools under the direction of experienced teachers, practicum
problem solving as well as the thematic method of teaching social hours are spent involved with instructional activities, including but not
studies. A geography competency test must be satisfactorily completed limited to presentation of lessons and other instructional strategies.
by the student. Prerequisites: Admission into the Practitioner Co-requisite: EDU 327.
Preparation Program and concurrent enrollment in EDU 313, EDU
315, and EDU 317. S
EDU 330 General Methods of Secondary Education 3 Credits
Prospective secondary school teachers study current general methods
EDU 313 Elementary Curriculum & Methods of Science 2 Credits of teaching at the secondary level. The course must be taken at the
Students actively engage in the selection, organization, and use of University. Prerequisite: Admission to the Practitioner Preparation
curricular resources and audiovisual materials, lesson and unit planning, Program. F
and the discovery method. Prerequisites: Admission to the Practitioner
Preparation Program and concurrent enrollment in EDU 311, EDU
315, and EDU 317. S EDU 331 Practicum in Secondary General Methods 1 Credit
Prospective secondary school teachers work directly in classrooms
of local schools (grades 7-12). Under the direction of experienced
EDU 315 Curriculum & Methods of teachers, practicum hours (minimum 30 hours) are spent in
Teaching Mathematics in the Elementary Schools 2 Credits observation of and participation in general methods areas. This
The course examines the goals, content, materials, and teaching course must be taken at the University concurrent with EDU 330.
strategies for planning and implementing a mathematics program Prerequisites: Admission to the Practitioner Preparation Program. F
for K-6. Prerequisites: MAT 223 or equivalent, admission into the
Practitioner Preparation Program, and concurrent enrollment in EDU EDU 340 Business Education Methods 3 Credits
311, EDU 313, and EDU 317. S Prospective secondary school teachers study current methods of
teaching Business Education at the secondary level. The course must
EDU 317 Clinical Experience/Social Studies/ be taken at the University. Prerequisite: EDU 330 and EDU 331.
Concurrent enrollment with EDU 341.
Science/Math Methods 1 Credit
Prospective teachers work directly with students in classrooms of
local schools. Under the direction of experienced teachers, 56 hours EDU 341 Practicum In Business Education 1 Credit
are spent in instructional activities in the areas of social studies, Prospective secondary school teachers study work directly in
science, and math. Students will present approximately six lessons as classrooms of local schools (grades 7 - 12). Under the direction of
instructed by the classroom teacher. Prerequisites: Admission to the experienced teachers, practicum hours (minimum 30 hours) are
Practitioner Program and concurrent enrollment in EDU 311, EDU spent involved with instructional activities, including but not limited
313, and EDU 315. S to presentation of lessons and other instructional strategies specific
to Business Education. The course must be taken at the University.
EDU 321 Introduction to Serving English Language Learners 3 Credits
This course provides a sufficiently broad yet detailed exposure to the
realities of teaching English Language Learners. The course is designed EDU 342 Secondary Education - English Methods 3 Credits
to prepare students to deliver content area instruction to English Prospective secondary school teachers study current methods of
Language Learners with diverse abilities using the sheltered instruction teaching English at the secondary level. The course must be taken
approach. at the University. Prerequisite: EDU 330 and EDU 331. Concurrent
enrollment with EDU 343.
EDU 325 Specific Methods in Elementary Physical Education 3 Credits

The course gives student the opportunity to develop their skill EDU 343 Practicum in Secondary English 1 Credit
and knowledge in traditional and contemporary elementary school Prospective secondary school teachers study work directly in
physical education skills including: ball handling skills, locomotion skills, classrooms of local schools (grades 7 - 12). Under the direction of
tumbling, juggling, rope activities, dance, parachute, rhythmic games, experienced teachers, practicum hours (minimum 30 hours) are
floor hockey, scooters, soccer, basketball, softball, track and field and spent involved with instructional activities, including but not limited
fitness testing. This course provides an introduction to developing and to presentation of lessons and other instructional strategies specific
practicing current pedagogy in elementary physical education. to English/Language Arts. The course must be taken at the University.
EDU 326 Practicum in Elementary Physical Education 1 Credit

Prospective physical education teachers study directly in classrooms of EDU 344 Secondary Education–Mathematics Methods 3 Credits
local schools under the direction of experienced teachers, practicum Prospective secondary school teachers study current methods of
hours are spent involved with instructional activities, including but not teaching Math at the secondary level. The course must be taken at
limited to presentation of lessons and other instructional strategies. the University. Prerequisite: EDU 330 and EDU 331. Concurrent
Co-requisite: EDU 325. enrollment with EDU 345.
EDU 327 Specific Methods in Secondary Physical Education 3 Credits EDU 345 Practicum in Secondary Mathematics 1 Credit
This course provides an introduction to developing and practicing Prospective secondary school teachers study work directly in
current pedagogy in secondary physical education. Students will design classrooms of local schools (grades 7 - 12). Under the direction of
curriculum and teach lesson plans and activities. experienced teachers, practicum hours (minimum 30 hours) are
spent involved with instructional activities, including but not limited
to presentation of lessons and other instructional strategies specific
to math. The course must be taken at the University. Concurrent
enrollment with EDU 344.

Course Descriptions
EDU 346 Secondary Education–Science Methods 3 Credits EDU 360 Philosophy of Education 3 Credits
Prospective secondary school teachers study current methods of This course provides a sufficiently broad yet detailed exposure to the
teaching Science Education at the secondary level. The course must realities of teaching. The text introduces the vantage points of teaching
be taken at the University. Prerequisite: EDU 330 and EDU 331. in four main categories. Part I, the world of teachers and students. Part
Concurrent enrollment with EDU 347. II, examines the structure, climate and culture of schools today. Part
III, reviews the historical, philosophical, legal and financial foundations
that shape our educational system. Part IV, provides opportunities
EDU 347 Practicum in Secondary Science 1 Credit to debate, explore and discuss educational issues and trends facing
Prospective secondary school teachers study work directly in educators in the 21st century. The primary goals of this course are to
classrooms of local schools (grades 7 - 12). Under the direction of support students by providing a comprehensive understanding of the
experienced teachers, practicum hours (minimum 30 hours) are world of teaching, by developing critical skills related to the teaching
spent involved with instructional activities, including but not limited profession, and by developing a teaching philosophy.
to presentation of lessons and other instructional strategies specific
to Science. The course must be taken at the University. Concurrent
enrollment with EDU 346. EDU 361 Language Learning in a Global Context 3 Credits
This course introduces students to the issues surrounding second
language learning around the world. Emphasis will be given to
EDU 348 Secondary Education - Social Science Methods 3 Credits educational, civic, business, governmental, and cultural issues.
Prospective secondary school teachers study current methods of
teaching Social Science Education at the secondary level. The course
must be taken at the University. Prerequisite: EDU 330 and EDU 331. EDU 370 Human Relations Skills For Educators 1 Credit
Concurrent enrollment with EDU 349. This course explores cultural diversity and awareness; sensitivity to
potential experiences with dehumanizing bias, racism, and sexism; the
affective knowledge of self and others; interpersonal communication
EDU 349 Practicum in Secondary Social Science 1 Credit skills; and materials for positive classroom human relations. Students
Prospective secondary school teachers study work directly in learn to adhere to professional and ethical codes and to participate as
classrooms of local schools (grades 7 - 12). Under the direction of effective team members with other professionals to develop, maintain,
experienced teachers, practicum hours (minimum 30 hours) are and promote quality learning environments for children. Prerequisite:
spent involved with instructional activities, including but not limited to Admission into the Practitioner Preparation Program. F and/or S
presentation of lessons and other instructional strategies specific to
Social Science. The course must be taken at the University. Concurrent
enrollment with EDU 348. EDU 371 Phonics-Based Reading & Decoding 3 Credits
This course provides an overview of research, curricular content, and
instructional practices associated with Research Based Systematic
EDU 351 Listening & Speaking in a Second Language 3 Credits Phonics Instruction (RBSPI) and other methods for teaching reading.
The stages of language development as well as ideas and strategies to Emphasis and focus are on methods mandated by Arizona legislation.
enhance oral language learning and acquisition in the classroom will be This course covers the history of written language, alphabetic reading
applied in this course. Theories and methods of teaching language as and writing systems, and implementation of effective methods for
communication in oral and aural modes will also be applied. reading instruction.
EDU 353 Reading & Writing in a Second Language 3 Credits EDU 420 Testing & Assessment for ELL Students 3 Credits
The relationship between first and second language comprehension Various tools and methodologies for assessing English proficiency
as well as the reading comprehension and writing connection will be in speaking, listening, reading and writing for both ELL children and
explored in this course. The use of differentiated literacy instruction adults will be critiqued. Formative and summative assessments will be
for English Language Learners will be the central focus. explored with an emphasis on the application and appropriateness of
their use for instructional design.
EDU 355 Methods, Materials, & Technology for
Learning a Second Language 3 Credits EDU 450 Student Teaching in the Elementary School 8 Credits
Strategies for English Language Learners in the content areas while Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a
maintaining a language development focus will be illustrated. Specific University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will spend
strategies, materials, technology, and learning activities will be 8 weeks at one grade level and 7 weeks at another grade level.
examined to support learning. Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S
EDU 357 English Language Teaching & Adult Learners 3 Credits EDU 451 Student Teaching in the Elementary School 7 Credits
Theory and methodology applicable to English language instruction Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a
are integrated in the context of working with adults. Materials and University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will spend
methods suitable for working with adult English learners will be 8 weeks at one grade level and 7 weeks at another grade level.
explored and evaluated in this course. Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S
EDU 359 Contemporary Issues in English Language Instruction 3 Credits EDU 452 Student Teaching in the Elementary School 15 Credits
Historical influences on instructional design in second language Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a
education will be explored. National and state standards for all University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner for 15 weeks.
learners and the implication for ELL instruction will be analyzed. Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S
Dual language instruction, bilingual education, and the politics of this
as contrasted to English Language immersion programs will also be
examined.

Course Descriptions
EDU 453 Student Teaching Special Education EDU 469 Student Teaching in Secondary Physical Education 7 Credits
in the Elementary School (K-6) 8 credits Students observe and teach full days for seven weeks under the
Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a guidance of a University supervisor and a cooperating teacher in a
University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will secondary school.
spend 8 weeks in a special education elementary school classroom.
Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S EDU 490 Interdisciplinary Capstone 3 Credits
This is the capstone course for social science majors with a
EDU 454 Student Teaching Special Education concentration in education. The course provides students with the
opportunity to integrate and apply learning from their professional
in the Elementary School (K-6) 7 credits programs of study in a comprehensive manner. Students will also
Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a assess the impact of their educational experiences on their ethical
University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will perspectives and critical thinking skills. Students will reflect on and
spend 7 weeks in a special education elementary school classroom. evaluate their personal and professional growth, the benefits of lifelong
Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S learning, knowledge and strategy evaluation, and the impact of these
elements on their future.
EDU 458 Student Teaching Seminar 1 Credit
The seminar is a mandatory component of the student teaching EDU 497 ELL Capstone 3 Credits
semester and is required for student teachers in all endorsement This is the capstone course for the English Language Learner Studies
areas. The seminar meets for 15 hours throughout the semester. major, to be taken at the completion of the major courses. This
Student teachers are given guidance in resume writing, credential course provides students with the opportunity to integrate and
file preparation, application for licensure, job search procedures, apply their learning from the course of study for English Language
interviewing techniques, etc. Discussions with seminar participants Learners studies in a comprehensive manner. Students will reflect
and guest presenters center on topics such as classroom management, on the courses taken and develop an understanding of the Teachers
substitute teaching, meeting diverse student needs, and professional of English to Other Language Speakers (TESOL) standards and the
growth opportunities. Students must successfully complete seminar National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)
requirements to be eligible to be recommended for a teaching license. standards, developmentally appropriate practices based upon language
Pass/Fail F/S development research, and professionalism. This course will culminate
with a comprehensive final project that integrates the student learning
throughout the program.
EDU 460 Student Teaching in the Secondary School 8 Credits
University supervisor and a cooperating teacher in 5th through 12th EDU 610 Introduction to Teaching & Learning with Technology 3 Credits
grade classrooms. Eight weeks are spent at one grade level and seven The tremendous growth of technology has had an enormous impact
weeks at another grade level. Prerequisite: Admission to the Student on academics, and knowledge acquired has perpetually altered the
Teaching Semester. F or S dynamics of teaching. However, pedagogical preparations for the
use of the new learning technologies requires an understanding of
their worth in the context of historical implications, philosophical
EDU 461 Student Teaching in the Secondary School 7 Credits foundations, educational psychology, and learning theories.
University supervisor and a cooperating teacher in 5th through 12th
grade classrooms. Eight weeks are spent at one grade level and seven EDU 613 Technology Issues in Instruction 3 Credits
weeks at another grade level. Prerequisite: Admission to the Student The focus will be on issues related to the use of technology in learning
Teaching Semester. F or S including equity, access, technology literacy, plagiarism, the effective use
of games and simulations, and the trend towards e-learning. Students
will evaluate various examples of technology-based instruction
EDU 462 Student Teaching in the Secondary School 15 Credits for instructional quality as well as relevance to the classroom and
Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a training environment. Course assignments will include participation in
University supervisor and a cooperating teacher in 5th through 12th discussions, evaluation of courseware, online journal articles and other
grade classrooms for 15 weeks. Prerequisite: Admission to the Student web sites, and individual reviews of relevant literature.
Teaching Semester. F/S
EDU 463 Student Teaching Special Education EDU 615 Leading the Change Process in
in the Secondary School (7-12) 8 credits Curriculum & Instruction 3 Credits
Students observe and teach full days under the guidance of a The course will explore the role of the change agent in the
University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will identification, planning, implementation, and assessment of change
spend 8 weeks in a special education secondary school classroom. initiatives for improved achievement. The impact of change on the
Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S individual, course, program, and system level will be studied. Research-
based standards for successful leadership will be identified and applied
EDU 464 Student Teaching Special Education as students examine the impact of administration and management on
teaching and learning.
in the Secondary School (7-12) 7 credits
University supervisor and a cooperating practitioner. They will EDU 616 Methods & Materials for Teaching
spend 7 weeks in a special education secondary school classroom. & Learning With Technology 3 Credits
Prerequisite: Admission into the Student Teaching Semester. F/S This course focuses on the application of technology to enhance
instruction. Students will be exposed to the courseware, software
EDU 468 Student Teaching in Elementary Physical Education 8 Credits applications, and technologies used in instructional technology and
Students observe and teach full days for eight weeks under the discuss ways they can be used effectively. Course assignments and
guidance of a University supervisor and a cooperating teacher in an projects require the use of productivity tools, presentation tools, digital
elementary school. imaging, Internet Websites, and online learning platform technologies.

Course Descriptions
Teaching style with technology-based instruction will be explored. EDU 637 Planning, Implementing & Assessing
Various software and hardware tools will be utilized to enhance
presentations, strengthen professional productivity, and encourage Instruction for Diverse Learners 3 Credits
critical thinking skills of learners. This course is designed to develop and assess appropriate instruction
and programs for diverse learners. Students will explore the
relationships between first and second language proficiency in
EDU 618 Assessment of Learning Outcomes With Technology 3 Credits identifying the cultural influences on learning. Effective instruction
Learner-centered principles are used in this course to present a and program development will be explored in assessing culturally
multidimensional approach to assessing learner outcomes. Technology responsive education.
is utilized to integrate fundamental statistics, learning system designs,
and learner characteristics into the assessment of outcomes.
EDU 638 Intercultural Communications & Global Learning 3 Credits
This course explores communication styles within a culturally diverse
EDU 620 Meeting Individual Student Needs With Technology 3 Credits environment. Students will examine the effects of oral and nonverbal
This course fosters awareness of individual learner characteristics that communication styles. Personal and social barriers within diverse
impede successful achievement. Milder forms of learning disabilities, settings will be explored. Students will develop and evaluate a plan to
emotional disorders, and dysfunctional social conditions that are lead efforts in promoting cultural awareness within a work setting. An
prevalent in typical instructional situations are evaluated. Alternative optional international visit will be offered based upon availability.
pedagogies utilizing computer technology applications to alleviate such
barriers are explored.
EDU 639 Human Relationships & Learning
in the Multicultural Environment 3 Credits
EDU 622 Development of Interactive Learning Modules 3 Credits Students will explore and experience the impact of interpersonal
The focus in this course is the development of resources to be used communication concepts and skills upon the creation and maintenance
for instruction. Using the information gathered from previous courses, of positive human relationships. The student will develop a knowledge
the student creates a project that engages learners in interactive base of selected cultural groups to acquire the competency to identify
activities. The activities in this course will utilize technology as a tool basic cultural modalities that have an effect upon the teaching and
to enhance pedagogical practices. The performance outcomes of these learning processes. Students will demonstrate the integration of the
activities must promote both creative and complex thinking skills. course content to their own personal values and teaching styles. The
student will also demonstrate application of human relationship skills
to the educational setting and the community.
EDU 623 Introduction to Teaching & Learning 3 Credits
This course is designed to introduce the student to the Master of
Arts in Education Program. Students will engage in self-assessment EDU 642 Understanding & Teaching English Language 3 Credits
and reflection focused on the philosophy of serving the needs of all In this course students will study the structure of the English language
students within the context of the community. in order to better understand the difficulties that arise in learning a
second language. English phonology, syntax, analysis, and application of
linguistic theory will be studied.
EDU 625 Managing the Instructional Environment 3 Credits
In this course the student identifies and explores the internal and
external factors that serve to challenge teachers and trainers in EDU 643 Methods, Materials & Technology
instructional environments. Logistical and behavioral components of
creating an engaging learning environment are explored. Individual and for Learning a Second Language 3 Credits
group dynamics with the integration of technology are evaluated. Strategies for English Language Learners in the content areas while
maintaining a language development focus will be illustrated. Specific
strategies, materials, technology, and learning activities will be
EDU 626 Research Design & Methodology 3 Credits examined to support learning.
In this course the student accesses sources of educational information,
evaluates research evidence, studies various types of educational
resources, and applies research to the instructional setting. The focus EDU 647 Families, Communities & Diversity 3 Credits
of this course is research on issues in educational technology and the This course will focus on establishing relationships and partnerships
use of technology tools for making data-driven decisions using both within families and community of diverse cultures. Specific strategies
quantitative and qualitative methods. in developing programs promoting cultural competence within families
and communities will be explored. Students will analyze available family
and community resources within their community in promoting and
EDU 627 Culturally Responsive Learning Environments 3 Credits supporting cultural diversity.
This course will explore how cultural influences affect learning.
Research-based teaching strategies for diverse populations will
be examined. The challenges impacting the teaching and learning EDU 648 Teaching & Learning with Technology 3 Credits
within diverse environments will be explored. A learning plan will be This first course is an overview of the field of educational technology
developed reflective of considerations to diverse cultural needs. including instructional design, influence of learning theory on
technology application as well as the various technologies available and
their application to learning.
EDU 629 Linguistically & Culturally Diverse Learners 3 Credits
This course explores strategies and techniques to support the success
of language and culturally diverse students. The values, customs, and EDU 649 Technologies for Teaching & Learning 3 Credits
communication styles of cultural groups and their implication for This course focuses on indentifying appropriate technologies for
teaching are considered. Research-based instructional approaches to teaching and learning. Special attention will be directed in analyzing
developing English learner literacy will be examined. teaching and learning styles. Identifying and evaluating technologies
to meet individual needs will be explored in both educational and
corporate environments.

Course Descriptions
EDU 651 Collaboration & Learning in a Virtual Environment 3 Credits adults will be critiqued. Formative and summative assessments will be
Students will explore teaching and learning in virtual worlds. Project- explored with an emphasis on the application and appropriateness of
based design, facilitation, and evaluation of instruction, research, and their use for instructional design.
other resources will be examined. The use of on line collaboration for
student learning and effective uses of various technologies for social
networking will be explored.
EDU 660 Tests & Measurements 3 Credits
This course will explore the selection and use of tests and
measurements for individuals planning career in school and non-school
EDU 652 Instructional Design & Delivery 3 Credits settings. Technical skills will be examined for selecting and properly
This course covers various elements of the instructional design employing tests and measurements (reliability, validity, norming,
process including needs assessment, instructional problems, test scores) and major types of tests such as ability, intelligence,
learner characteristics, instructional objectives, content sequencing, achievement, personality, family, and behavioral.
instructional strategies, and evaluation instruments. Students are
expected to learn how to plan, develop, evaluate, and manage the
design of effective instructional materials.
EDU 661 Testing & Assessment for English Language Learners 3 Credits
Various tools and methodologies for assessing English proficiency
in speaking, listening, reading and writing for both ELL children and
EDU 653 Teaching in Higher Education 3 Credits adults will be critiqued. Formative and summative assessments will be
The course will examine education theories, methods, and strategies explored with an emphasis on the application and appropriateness of
for the improvement of instruction in higher education. Emphasis their use for instructional design.
will be placed on the unique challenges of teaching in a changing
environment in higher education. Students will explore factors that
affect adult learning and the organizational cultures that promote or
EDU 662 Data Analyses & Decision-Making 3 Credits
The course will study the relationships between planning and student
inhibit learning.
learning at course, program, and institutional levels. Modes of
curriculum design, development and change in higher education will be
EDU 654 Student Development in Higher Education 3 Credits presented. Emphasis will be placed on examining curricular leadership
The course will examine student development theories from a socio- and assessment strategies.
cultural and psychological developmental perspective. Factors affecting
the teaching and learning related to the college environment will be
analyzed. Theories of student development and their applications in
EDU 663 Assessment & Public Policy 3 Credits
This course provides the foundations and history of program
student affair programs, services, and activities will be reviewed.
assessment, accountability, and quality assurance to the governance,
funding, and purposes of assessment and measurements.
EDU 655 Trends & Issues in Instructional Design Implementation and reporting of assessment data to multiple
audiences will be explored. The course will examine the roles of
& Technology for On-line Learning 3 Credits program evaluators in improving performance and achievement.
Students gain the necessary skills and knowledge to design effective
instructional materials for use in an on-line learning environment.
Powerful innovations that may redefine teaching and learning practices EDU 665 Performance Assessments 3 Credits
will be explored throughout the course. This course is designed to examine the design, development, and
implementation of performance-based assessment. Task analysis and
design, scoring schema, and assessment delivery are covered through
EDU 656 Technology Solutions for critique and practice.
Just in Time Training & Learning 3 Credits
This course will allow students to develop an understanding of the EDU 673 Instructional Strategies for
planning for and application of technology for training that meets
institutional and organizational needs. Students will utilize technology Differentiated Teaching & Learning 3 Credits
to effectively develop a request for proposal plan for training utilizing Students focus on learning about current methods of differentiated
technology to inform, motivate, and prepare learners. teaching at the level in their chosen content area. The course is
organized around four components of the teaching cycle: (1) Assessing
student learning needs, (2) Planning for instruction, (3) Implementing
EDU 657 History & Philosophy of American Higher Education 3 Credits strategies, aids, media and resources for effective differentiated
The course will provide and overview of the historical development instruction, and (4) Conducting assessment and continuing professional
and cultural backgrounds of higher education in America. Emphasis will development.
be placed on the major themes and developments in American higher
education including the ideologies, people, cultures, and movements EDU 674 Foundations & Trends in Curriculum & Instruction 3 Credits
that have particularly influenced those developments. Current issues The course will provide an overview of the foundational pieces
and trends in higher education will be explored. necessary for effective design and delivery of curriculum and
instruction. Current trends will be compared and contrasted with
brain-based research from the field. Emphasis will be placed on
EDU 658 Instructional Leadership 3 Credits processes and procedures for developing both an engaging curriculum
This course focuses on leadership in the educational or corporate
and a caring and responsive learning environment.
environment to bring about change required to meet learning and
training needs. Students will evaluate their personal leadership in
their professional environment. Leadership tools to provide increased EDU 675 Change Leadership for the
learning opportunities will be used to design learning experiences and Differentiated Educational Environment 3 Credits
evaluate results. This course focuses on leadership in the educational environment
to bring about change needed to meet learning needs of all students.
Students will evaluate and reflect on their personal leadership in their
EDU 659 Testing & Assessment for English Language Learners 3 Credits educational environment. Leadership tools to provide increased
Various tools and methodologies for assessing English proficiency learning opportunities will be used to design learning experiences and
in speaking, listening, reading and writing for both ELL children and evaluate results.

Course Descriptions
EDU 676 Curriculum & Instruction Design EMS Education Middle School
for Increased Achievement 3 Credits EMS Prefix – Middle School courses required for a Middle School
The course will teach a backward design model for curriculum and Endorsement
instruction that emphasizes clear targets and goals for increased
achievement. Curriculum integration and mapping techniques will
be examined and implemented as students model the power of EMS 220 Grammar for Educators 1 Credit
collaborative planning and individual reflection. A variety of delivery This course provides students with an intensive review of English
models will be explored. grammar using a transformational approach. The subconscious rules
underlying the formation of English sentences are discovered by
examining a wide variety of grammatical structures. Applications are
EDU 677 Monitoring & Evaluating Curriculum made to the teaching of grammar in upper elementary and middle
& Instruction through Systems Thinking 3 Credits schools. Prerequisite: ENG 122 S
The course will define and apply the concepts of differentiated
instruction and systems thinking in the development of curriculum and
instruction. Processes and procedures for monitoring and evaluating EMS 225 Growth & Development
programs will lead to an understanding of the complexity of an of the Middle School Age Child 3 Credits
effective change process for increased achievement. Students learn about the growth and development of the middle
school age child. The emotional, physical, and mental characteristics
of this age group will be addressed as will the needs of middle school
EDU 678 Seminar in Curriculum age children. Prerequisites: PSY 104, EDU 200, and second semester
& Instruction for Diverse Needs 3 Credits sophomore status. S
The course will simulate the real-world role of the change agent in
successful implementation of curriculum and instruction for improved
teaching and learning. Students will identify a need, develop an action EMS 325 Middle School Curriculum Design & Instruction 3 Credits
plan, implement the steps of the plan, and evaluate both individual and Students learn about the areas of curriculum design and instruction
organizational achievement that results. Prerequisite: completion of the that are unique to the middle school philosophy. The course will
previous four Curriculum & Instruction courses or instructor approval. address teaming and middle school pedagogy and instructional
methods. Prerequisites: EDU 250, junior status, and admission to the
Practitioner Preparation Program or permission of the instructor/
EDU 686 Educational Policy & Administration 3 Credits Dean of the College of Education. F
This course focuses on the societal and political contexts in
educational settings. Students will examine various issues that are likely
to have an impact on teaching and learning in a diverse educational
setting. Education policy areas considered include governance, ENG English
curriculum, accountability, personnel development, and school finance.
ENG 100 Introduction to College Writing 3 Credits
EDU 690 Electronic Summative Portfolio 3 Credits This basic writing course concentrates on writing at the word usage,
Using LiveText software, students will begin to create an electronic, sentence, and paragraph levels. Students learn what constitutes a
professional, portfolio that documents personal and professional sentence and how to recognize and avoid sentence fragments and
growth. Artifacts that parallel INTASC standards will be required other common errors. They further learn to craft cogent paragraphs
for classroom teachers. Corporate trainers will focus on skill-based and are introduced to writing as a process.
instruction and outcomes in accordance with the NETS-T standards.
This will be an ongoing project through the remainder of the courses
within this program and will be finalized in EDU 697. ENG 106 Strategies for College Reading 3 Credits
Students learn, practice, and apply pre-reading strategies,
comprehension strategies, critical reading and critical thinking
EDU 695 MAED Capstone 3 Credits strategies, post-reading strategies, and “emergency” reading strategies
Capstone is a course in which students will demonstrate their when material is difficult to understand. In addition to the required
attainment of the program outcomes through oral and written text, students read news magazines and newspapers. Homework
application of an applied research topic related to an educational assignments require students to learn, practice, and apply the strategies
setting need or interest. This capstone experience is designed to on an individual basis while class activities are designed around
extensively explore a topic within the student’s area of concentration. cooperative learning groups. Two group projects are required
The product of the capstone experience is an oral presentation and
a written paper of sufficient quality to be submitted to a scholarly
journal for review. ENG 121 Composition I 3 Credits
This course is designed to enable students to develop competence in
analyzing, organizing, and developing ideas; to locate and use library
EDU 697 MATLT Capstone: A Project Approach 3 Credits resources for supporting ideas; and to adapt one’s writing to various
This Capstone course requires students to synthesize their skills and audiences. Instruction and practice in writing and critical reading is a
knowledge acquired throughout the MATLT program. The Capstone focus in this course.
project must present a practical application that is appropriate for a
professional environment in the students’ chosen field of work, be
appropriate for inclusion in a professional portfolio, and incorporate ENG 122 Composition II 3 Credits
a relevant problem or issue that can be supported through formal This course provides instruction and practice in writing effective
research. Furthermore, the project should demonstrate significant expository and persuasive essays. The techniques for doing research
content across the spectrum of MATLT courses and promote the and writing research papers are explored. Attention is given to
accomplishment of professional and personal goals. In addition, the development of library research skills. Prerequisite: Successful
students will create a professional brochure highlighting their skills, completion of ENG 121 or equivalent with a “C-” or better.
strengths, and educational preparation.

Course Descriptions
ENG 125 Introduction to Literature 3 Credits ENG 225 Introduction to Film 3 Credits
This course is an introduction to the basic elements of fiction, This course is designed to help students understand and appreciate
poetry, and drama. Emphasis is on reading literature to perceive the movies and film more completely. The course examines the ways in
techniques used in each genre, to understand the basic theoretical which movies and films are shot, tell stories, develop characters, and
approaches to literature, to acquire the vocabulary associated with depict physical reality. Classes consist of critique and analysis of movies
literary criticism, and to analyze and evaluate literature. and films.
ENG 201 American Literature to 1865 3 Credits ENG 250 London Theatre Tour 1 Credit
A survey of American literature from the Colonial Period to 1865 The course is designed to enable students to appreciate and
including Native American writers, slave narratives, and authors such as experience theater in London. Prerequisite: ENG 125 or permission of
Hawthorne, Poe, Melville, Whitman, and Dickinson. Prerequisite: ENG the instructor.
122 or permission of the instructor. (Offered every other year) F
ENG 303 Survey of Shakespeare 3 Credits
ENG 202 American Literature After 1865 3 Credits An in-depth study of eight of Shakespeare’s greatest works including
A survey of American literature from 1865 to 1950 including such significant films of productions. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior
authors as Twain, Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Faulkner, Cather, and Wharton. standing or permission of the instructor. (Offered every other year)
Prerequisite: ENG 122 or permission of the instructor. (Offered every
other year) S
ENG 305 Nineteenth-Century American Novel 3 Credits
An examination of some of the standard masterpieces by Cooper,
ENG 203 British Literature I 3 Credits Hawthorne, and Melville as well as newly rediscovered texts by women
A survey of British literature from the Old English Period through the and minority writers. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or
Age of Reason including such works and authors as Beowulf, Chaucer, permission of the instructor. (Not offered every year)
Spenser, Shakespeare, Donne, Milton, Swift, and Pope. Prerequisite:
ENG 122 or permission of the instructor. (Offered every other year) F
ENG 306 Twentieth-Century American Novel 3 Credits
The study of classic American novels with emphasis placed on
ENG 204 British Literature II 3 Credits interpretive analysis of the novels and the relationship of their
A survey of British literature from the Romantic Period through the themes to social events in American history as well as to basic human
first half of the twentieth century including such authors as Blake, problems. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of
Dorothy Wordsworth, William Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, the instructor. Not offered every year)
Mary Shelley, Keats, Browning, Tennyson, Dickens, Hardy, T.S. Eliot, and
D.H. Lawrence. Prerequisite: ENG 122 or permission of the instructor.
(Offered every other year) S ENG 307 Directed Readings in English 2 or 3 Credits
A course in literature designed to fit an individual student’s needs.
Readings include selected critical work in addition to the primary
ENG 212 African-American Literature 3 Credits sources selected for the course. A research paper is required.
Students experience the artistry of American writers of color by Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of the
tracing their development from early slave narratives to contemporary instructor. F or S
works in film, novels, and poetry. Students sharpen analytic skills
by discussing literary texts and familiarize themselves with critical
theories of cultural and ethnic distinction. Prerequisite: ENG 122 or ENG 311 Twentieth-Century British Novel 3 Credits
permission of the instructor. (Offered every other year) S The study of classic twentieth-century British novels. Emphasis is
placed on interpretive analysis of the novels and the relationship of
their themes to contemporary social and cultural trends. Prerequisites:
ENG 217 International Voices 3 Credits ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of the instructor. (Not
An introduction to recent international writing in its cultural context. offered every year) S
Students read fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and interviews and are
introduced to music, art, film, and cuisine of cultures beyond U.S.
borders. Prerequisite: ENG 122 or permission of the instructor. ENG 312 African-American Literature 3 Credits
(Offered every other year) F Same course description as ENG 212. Students do the same readings
but are required to do additional written assignments and/or oral
reports. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of
ENG 220 Women Writers 3 Credits the instructor. (Offered every other year) S
An exploration of the tradition of English and/or American women
writers with primary concentration on 19th and 20th century writers.
The course includes the intensive study of at least one major writer ENG 315 Business & Professional Writing 3 Credits
in this tradition. The specific course topic will vary from year to year. Instruction in the planning, organization, construction, style, and tone
Prerequisite: ENG 122 or permission of instructor. (Offered every of several forms of business and professional correspondence: letters,
other year) S interoffice communication, resumes, and formal reports. A review
of grammar, punctuation, and usage is incorporated into the course.
Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of the
ENG 223 Intermediate Composition 3 Credits instructor. F
Intermediate Composition is designed for students who have some
experience with college-level writing but want to develop their ability
to write. The goal of this course is to help students learn techniques ENG 317 International Voices 3 Credits
for writing effective narrative, reflective, analytical, and research essays. Same course description as ENG 217. Students do the same reading
These techniques include the effective use of specific details to engage but are required to do additional written assignments and/or oral
and persuade readers, methods of organization that enable readers to reports. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of
follow a line of thinking easily, and strategies for editing sentences for the instructor. (Offered every other year) F
clarity and conciseness. F/S

Course Descriptions
ENG 318 Creative Writing 3 Credits ENG 380 Literary Research 3 Credits
This course provides writing experiences in fiction or nonfiction or This course is designed to teach the techniques for doing literary
poetry for students who have a strong interest in creative expression research. Students will focus on particular authors while mastering the
and have some experience in writing in one of these genres.Various essential skills of literary research. In addition to short critical essays,
aspects of the imaginative process are explored with separate students will produce a major research paper. Prerequisite: English
applications made to the genres of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry. 122 and junior standing or permission of the instructor.
Students choose one genre, participate in workshops with instructors,
join with instructors and writing practitioners in critiquing colleagues’
work, and make presentations of their own work. Admission is based ENG 382 London Studies 3 Credit
upon review of student submissions prior to the course and the This is a five week, three credit course that offers you the opportunity
instructor’s consent. Evaluation of sample written work and permission to explore British Literature, History, and Architecture including a one
of instructor is required for admission to the course. week Study Abroad in London. This course allows you to choose from
different areas of emphasis for the week in London. For each option,
emphasis will be placed on the way in which environment/culture
ENG 320 Women Writers 3 Credits shapes literature and literature shapes environment/culture.You will
Same course description as ENG 220. Students do the same reading study each author’s situation and look at how society and history
but are required to do additional written assignments and/or oral shaped the author or perhaps the author had an impact on shaping
reports. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of society and history.
the instructor. (Offered every other year.) F or S
ENG 388 Destination Course: Literary & Historical
ENG 321 Introductory Linguistics 3 Credits Developments in 19th Century England 3 Credits
This course provides students with an introduction to the principles A course designed to include an extended travel component that
and methods of linguistic theory. Basic concepts included are provides an experiential encounter with historical or contemporary
phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The developmental aspects of the course content. The “destination course methodology”
stages of language acquisition and the variations of dialect and style may be applied to an existing course or to special courses. Destination
observed in spoken and written English are also examined. Students courses may be offered in classroom or online modalities. Students
practice applying linguistic theory to explain language-related may receive credit for Literature General Education area. (Cross-listed
phenomena encountered in everyday life. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and as HIS 388.) F 2009 or S 2010
junior standing or permission of the instructor.
ENG 410 Selected Authors 3 Credits

ENG 323 Twentieth-Century American Poetry 3 Credits Students do a critical examination of the works of a selected author
A critical examination of the work of modern and contemporary or authors. In addition to some short critical essays, students produce
poets as well as the cultural context in which they produced their a major research paper. Prerequisite: Senior standing or permission of
work. Prerequisites: ENG 122 and junior standing or permission of the the instructor. (Offered every other year) F
instructor. (Not offered every year)
ENG 480 Communications Portfolio 3 Credits

ENG 325 Intermediate Composition 3 Credits Students apply the skills, knowledge, and abilities developed in the
Intermediate Composition is designed for students who have some major and concentration in an appropriate communication-focused
experience with college-level writing but want to develop their ability work environment. One hundred fifty (150) hours of normally
to write. The goal of this course is to help students learn techniques nonremunerative work in an approved setting is required, under faculty
for writing effective narrative, reflective, analytical, and research essays. supervision. Prerequisites: Junior standing, 2.75 cumulative GPA, and
These techniques include the effective use of specific details to engage approval of department chair. (Cross-listed as JRN 480.)
and persuade readers, methods of organization that enable readers to
follow a line of thinking, and strategies for editing sentences for clarity
and conciseness. Prerequisites: ENG 121 and ENG 122. ENG 490 Communications Internship 3 Credits
Students apply the skills, knowledge, and abilities developed in the
major and concentration in an appropriate communication-focused
ENG 328 Scientific and Technical Writing 3 Credits work environment. One hundred fifty (150) hours of normally
Students will develop the skills necessary for writing about scientific, nonremunerative work in an approved setting is required, under faculty
environmental, medical, and technological topics. Emphasis is placed on supervision. Prerequisites: Junior standing, 2.75 cumulative GPA, and
making complex and technical information understandable to a variety approval of department chair (Cross-listed as JRN 490)
of audiences. Prerequisite: ENG 122 and satisfaction of the Physical
World General Education requirement. (Cross-listed as JRN 328.)
F or S. ENG 498 Senior Thesis I 2 Credits
Students demonstrate their mastery of concepts and methodology in
ENG 330 Teaching Literary Genres and Techniques 1 Credit the major by producing a thesis statement, an annotated bibliography,
This course guides the prospective teacher in preparing a written and a completed outline of the thesis/project. Approval of the topic
document that analyzes the literary genres typically covered in high must be secured in advance from the faculty member serving as
school English courses and provides a critical review of the significant thesis director. During the semester, the student will complete the
literary techniques and conventions associated with each one. The senior thesis or project following specified guidelines. Prerequisites:
overview document prepared by the student is developed as if it were Completed writing competency and senior standing.
an analytical “Introduction” to an anthology of literature, accompanied
by a “List of Literary Works” from each genre that could be used
successfully at the high school level. ENG 499 Senior Thesis II 2 Credits
This course is a continuation of ENG 498. The completed thesis or
project is defended orally before and evaluated by the senior thesis
ENG 350 London Theatre Tour 1 Credit committee. A minimum grade of “C-” is required to meet degree
The course is designed to enable students to appreciate and requirements. Prerequisite: Successful completion of ENG 498 with a
experience theater in London. Prerequisite: ENG125 or permission “C-” or better.
of the instructor.

Course Descriptions
ENV Environmental Studies ENV 499 Senior Thesis II 2 Credits

This course is a continuation of ENV 498. The completed thesis or
project is defended orally before and evaluated by the senior thesis
ENV 101 Humanity & the Environment 4 Credits committee. A minimum grade of “C-” is required to meet degree
This course focuses on humans and their relationship with planet requirements. Prerequisite: Successful completion of ENV 498 with a
Earth. Lecture topics include evolutionary and ecological theories; “C-” or better.
the ecological, political, and social ramifications of human population
growth; planetary pollution problems; and effects of current
technological trends on the environment. During the laboratory
section, specific scientific problems are investigated and analyzed using ERE Education Reading
both biological and chemical essays. (Cross-listed as BIO 101.) S ERE Prefix - Course required for Reading endorsements
ENV 108 Introductory Environmental Chemistry 4 Credits ERE 230 Assessment & Diagnosis in Reading 3 Credits
This course will cover chemical concepts and principles in the context Students learn about test procedures, tests, and diagnostic techniques
of real-world societal issues such as air pollution, acid deposition, used in the diagnosis of reading difficulties in the reading process:
plastics, and nutrition. The course includes three lectures and one print concepts, phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary development,
laboratory session weekly. (Cross listed as CHE 108.) F or S fluency, and comprehension. Students will participate in 20 hours
of field experience. Students will have practice administering and
ENV 300 Environmental Biology 3 Credits interpreting test results. Prerequisites: EDU 215 and EDU 270.
A study of biodiversity. The origin and evolutionary history of Required for K-6 Reading Endorsement. F
biodiversity, including the geological forces that shaped its course, will
be discussed. This course will be made pertinent through discussions ERE 231 Techniques & Strategies for Corrective Reading 3 Credits
of the impact of human activity on biodiversity and subsequent impact Students learn about the nature and causes of reading disabilities.
on the human population. Prerequisites: BIO 100 and BIO/ENV 101 or Current techniques and strategies will be researched and developed
BIO 103 and BIO 104, or permission of the instructor. (Cross listed as for application with struggling readers. Prerequisites: EDU 215, ERE
BIO 300.) (Offered every other year) S 230, and EDU 270. Required for K-8 Reading Endorsement. S
ENV 306 Environmental Chemistry 4 Credits ERE 232 Practicum in Corrective Reading 3 Credits
This course will cover chemical concepts and principles of air, water Students will use corrective reading techniques and strategies in
and soils pollution and the analytical analysis of their impacts. The tutoring children under the guidance of a university supervisor and
course includes three lectures and one laboratory session weekly. cooperating practitioner for 30 hours. Prerequisites: ERE 230 or
Prerequisite: Successful completion of mathematics competency (Math permission of the instructor and completion or concurrent enrollment
225 or equivalent) and Successful completion of CHE 152, with a grade in EDU 231 and EDU 270. Required for K-6 Reading Endorsement. S
of C- or higher, or equivalent (Cross-listed as CHE 306). (Not offered
every year)
ERE 240 Secondary Reading 3 Credits
This course examines reading skills and instructional needs of junior
ENV 310 Environmental Policies 3 Credits high and high school students, with emphasis on teaching in classrooms
Examines political, social, and economic policies and their impact on with a range of reading levels. Includes comprehension strategies, basic
the global environment. Also explores ways in which policy decisions study skills, the coordination of teaching reading at the secondary
can serve to protect the environment. Prerequisite: POL 201 or BUS level, and recreational reading. Required for 5-12 English/Language Arts
311. (Cross-listed as POL 310.) (Offered every other year) S endorsement. Prerequisites: PSY 104 and EDU 215. S (Offered once
every 2 years)
ENV 345 Business & the Environment 3 Credits
An environmental economics approach is used to illustrate the impact ERE 312 Reading in Secondary Education Content Areas 3 Credits
of the firm on the environment and environmental policy on the firm. This course is intended for prospective and current secondary
Cost-benefits analysis is developed in student-driven research projects. teachers desiring to incorporate strategies for reading into their
(Cross-listed as BUS 345.) (Alternate years) S content area. Current techniques and research-based strategies will
be explored to afford students an opportunity to develop applications
ENV 420 Environmental Internship 1-6 Credits relevant to secondary content and the reading challenges encountered
Students apply the skills and knowledge developed from the by students.Vocabulary, writing, comprehension, and study skills are
environmental studies curriculum to a field experience. Each credit discussed and applied to actual content area textbooks. Prerequisite:
hour has a requirement of 50 applied hours of normally non- Admission to the Practitioner Preparation Program. F/S
remunerative work in a designated institution or agency, under faculty
supervision. Prerequisites: Junior status, approval by a supervising
faculty member and a cumulative grade point average of 2.75. F/S
ESE Education Special Ed
ESE Prefix - Course required for Special Education endorsements
ENV 498 Senior Thesis I 2 Credits
the major by producing a thesis statement, an annotated bibliography, ESE 315 Survey of Exceptional Students 3 Credits
and a completed outline of the thesis/project. Approval of the topic An investigation into the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors
must be secured in advance from the faculty member serving as needed to identify and instruct students with disabilities in varied
thesis director. During the semester, the student will complete the school settings. Attention will be given to the variety of students that
senior thesis or project following specified guidelines. Prerequisites: special educators are likely to come into contact with. Students will
Completed writing competency and senior standing. examine the issues of providing services to identified individuals within
and outside school settings. (Cross-listed as PSY 315) F

Course Descriptions
ESE 317 Mild/Moderate Disabilities 3 Credits course concentrates on the noun phrase and the verb phrase. The
This course provides a theoretical frame of reference within which course will help students build an overall framework for understanding
to view challenges faced by students with learning disabilities (LD). the organization of the English language. Students will learn which
A functional definition of LD, possible causes of LD, characteristics of structures are more appropriate for oral communication and which
students with LD, typical academic deficits experienced by students are more appropriate for written communication. Structures will be
with LD, and methods that have been effective in addressing the needs studied in context. F or S
of students with LD will be examined. Prerequisite: ESE 315 S
ESL 102 Intermediate Reading 1-3 Credits
ESE 319 Diagnostics of Mild/Moderate Disabilities 3 Credits This class is designed to help develop vocabulary and reading skills
The student will become familiar with the basic concepts and at the intermediate level. Students will improve comprehension
procedures relating to assessment in special education. Norm- by reading for the main idea and supporting details like scanning,
referenced, achievement, diagnostic, informal, curriculum-based, previewing, inferring, skimming, etc. that will make them become better
intellectual, and adaptive assessment will be covered. Interpretation will readers in the college setting. F or S
be stressed. Application of course principles will be provided in one or
more student-conducted testing situations. Prerequisite: ESE 315 F
ESL 104 Intermediate Listening/Speaking 1-3 Credits
Refine the listening/speaking skills of international students to a level
ESE 321 Methods for Mild/Moderate Disabilities 3 Credits at which they can function effectively in a college setting. Students
This course will cover critical issues and specific methods and will discuss topics and listen for main ideas and will take notes from
materials relating to the instruction of students with a varying range classroom lecture. F or S
of needs. Major emphasis will focus on students with mild disabilities
such as LD as well as students with other mild to moderate disabilities.
Major emphasis will also be on the framework for appropriate
ESL 106 Intermediate Writing 1-3 Credits
Master the paragraph and learn the structure of the essay. Students
instruction for students in light of their learning stages, the nature
will learn the steps of process writing and also practice the mechanics
of the learner, and the content. Students will be expected to work
of writing that will produce an acceptable final product. F or S
in a classroom setting under the direction of a cooperating teacher.
Course includes 30 practicum/clock hours. Prerequisite: ESE 315 S
ESL 190 Advanced Grammar 1-3 Credits
Review grammar rules and the patterns of the complex sentence.
ESE 325 Behavior Management in the Classroom 3 Credits The course will focus on how the English language shows relationship
This course provides strategies for changing inappropriate behaviors
among idea units. Sentence types, clause types, sequencing of tenses,
and prompting the acquisition of adaptive behaviors through positive
and connecting words are studied in detail.
management procedures. Designed to provide the prospective teacher
practical “how to” skills in classroom management, modification of
behavior, and other management skills directed toward establishing an ESL 192 Advanced Reading 1-3 Credits
environment of learning. Concurrent enrollment with EDU 330 and Gives students extensive practice reading college texts and essays.
EDU 331 or any elementary methods class. Prerequisite: ESE 315 F Particular attention is given to the structure and organization. Students
will participate in discussions and continue to develop vocabulary
based on extensive reading passages. F or S
ESE 327 Collaborative Relationships & Transition 3 Credits
Factors that promote effective communication and collaboration with
individuals, parents, families, and school and community personnel are ESL 194 Advanced Listening/Speaking 1-3 Credits
considered. Elements of effective transition of students with disabilities Teach listening/speaking skills and strategies needed to participate
across age span are addressed. Prerequisite: ESE 315 S in the American college classroom. Students will practice listening
strategies to help them understand and recall lectures. Students will
be taught the technique of note taking. Small group discussion, role
ESE 340 Adapted Physical Education 3 Credits playing, and debates will be used in the classroom. F or S
This course provides understanding of the various physical and
emotional needs of the special education student and how to adapt
curriculum. Students will have a required amount of hours of field ESL 196 Advanced Writing 1-3 Credits
experience. Prerequisite: ESE 315 (Cross-listed as PED 340.) Students will acquire the level of writing they need to succeed in
college. By the end of the course, students should be able to write
well-organized essays. Students will continue to work through the
ESE 633 Collaborative Relationships & Transition 3 Credits writing process and learn how to apply research skills in their essays.
This course emphasizes developing effective communication
F or S
techniques to use with personnel in educational settings, including
parents of individuals with disabilities and ancillary personnel. The
development of skills necessary to serve in a consulting capacity to
the regular classroom teacher working with individuals with disabilities
will be covered. The special educator will take on many roles thus EXP Freshman Experience
another purpose of this course is to examine the different roles and
functions of the special educator and how this person will work with EXP 103 Freshman Experience 3 Credits
others. Emphasis will be placed on interaction with students, parents, The primary goal of this course is to assist all first-year students
paraprofessionals, professionals, and volunteers. in their personal adjustment to college life. This is accomplished by
investigation and practice of specific academic skills, by inquiry into
life skills necessary for citizenship in any diverse community, and by
knowledge of history, traditions, and values at Ashford University.
ESL English as a Second Language (ESL)
EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education 3 Credits
ESL 100 Intermediate Grammar 1-3 Credits This course is designed to help adult learners beginning their
An overview of the structure of the simple English sentence; the university studies to achieve academic success. Students will explore

Course Descriptions
learning theories, communication strategies, and personal management HCA 331 Introduction to Health Care Education 3 Credits
skills. Adult learners will develop strategies for achieving success in This course is a foundational course designed to provide an
school and work. Students will also be introduced to the University’s introduction to teaching and learning for health care professionals,
institutional outcomes and learning resources. consumers and clients. Theories of adult learning and introductory
instructional design concepts provide the framework for an interactive
course design.
EXP 200 Fundamentals of Adult Learning 3 Credits
This course presents adult and experiential learning theories and
applies them to the student’s life and experiences. Kolb’s Model of HCA 333 Introduction to Long Term Care 3 Credits
Experiential Learning will be examined and used to analyze prior This course provides an overview of the long-term service delivery
learning experiences. Students will investigate the roles of reflection continuum. Course topics include: the concept of patient-family-
and metacognition in the learning process. Guidance and practice centered services, introduction to theories of adult development and
will be given in developing an experiential essay structure that will aging, modalities of the long term care delivery system, organizational
plausibly demonstrate college-level experiential learning outcomes. The culture, introduction to regulatory agencies, financial resources, and
experiential essay written in the course can be submitted to the Prior assurance of quality.
Learning Assessment Center at the completion of the course for a
potential of three additional credits.
HCA 340 Managing in Health and Human Services 3 Credits
An upper-level management course providing basic management
theory for the beginning manager. Management challenges, human
HCA Health Care Administration service environments, management theories, organizational design,
program planning and implementing supervisory relations, managing
finances program evaluation, leadership theories and teams in
HCA 221 Practicum in Health Care 1-3 Credits organizations are explored.
Prospective students in the allied health areas such as Nuclear
Medicine Technology and Physical Therapy gain experience in patient
care under the supervision of appropriately licensed professionals. HCA 375 Continuous Quality Monitoring and Accreditation 3 Credits
Students complete 50 contact hours for each credit hour given and This course provides a foundational exploration of the concepts of
must provide evidence of learning through a written journal and health care accreditation and continuous quality monitoring. The
keep an up-to-date time sheet. May be taken more than once to gain concept of quality assurance is explored from a perspective of
experience at different locations for a maximum of 4 credit hours. selected accreditation, regulatory, licensing and certification programs.
Prerequisites: Sophomore standing or higher and GPA ≥ 3.0. The interface of accreditation and reimbursement is explored.
Health information systems are used in the analysis of health care
accreditation, government mandates, and regulatory activities as they
HCA 305 The U.S. Health Care System 3 Credits impact consumer outcomes. Legal implications of quality monitoring
This is an introductory course that explores the historical origins, are analyzed. Social, political, professional and organizational influences
foundations, values, and resources of the U. S. Health Care System. upon health services delivery are explored from a perspective of
Other national health care systems are discussed in a comparative demand, special populations, financing and service delivery.
discourse with that of the United States. Throughout the course,
the health care service component is integrated with market place,
legal, ethical, regulatory, and financial factors as forces influencing the HCA 402 Health Care Internship 3-6 Credits
continued evolution of the U.S. Health Care System and the resulting This course provides students with the opportunity to apply the
opportunities. skills and knowledge acquired from their study of health care
administration to a client setting. Students may take the course for
3-6 hours of credit. Each credit hour of the Health Care Internship
HCA 311 Health Care Financing and Information Systems 3 Credits has a requirement of 50 applied hours. The internship requires
This course provides an introduction to health care’s fundamental supervised, unremunerated work in an approved institution or agency.
financing concepts. The interaction of funding resources among The internship is individualized for each student based upon a self-
government agencies and the private sector in the funding of health assessment of their learning needs and consistent with the resources
services is explored. Political and social policies contributing to the of the supervising agency/institution. A minimum GPA of 2.75 in the
demand for health services are discussed. Cost control strategies Health Care Core is required for registration in this course.
such as managed care, fee for service and specified contractual
arrangements provide the foundation for analyzing health care
financing. Health services financing and disbursement systems are HCA 415 Community and Public Health 3 Credits
presented across the domains of for-profit, non-profit, public, grant This introductory course explores community and public health
funding and managed care. Focused attention is given to discussion of services in the well-being of a population. Regulatory mandates
government financing of health services including, Medicare, Medicaid, promoting public and community health are explored. The interface
and specific entities such as veterans administration and other among community and public health services and the overall health
categorical funding. care industry is explored. Legal and ethical imperatives emergent in
public health services are discussed. Financing options are explored
recognizing the role of categorical fiscal resources. Health care
HCA 322 Health Care Ethics and Medical Law 3 Credits promotion and prevention strategies are explored in concert with
This course presents the ethical and legal implications of health care the role of health care institutions and the public sector. Health
administration. The unique legal aspects encountered in the provision information data is utilized in the planning of a community and/or
of health services are analyzed. Concepts of access, affordability, public health project.
health care interventions and human rights are interfaced with
legal and ethical issues challenging the provision of health care
services. Concepts of risk management, continuous quality assurance, HCA 421 Health Care Planning and Evaluation 3 Credits
guardianship, Institutional Review Boards, and needs of special and This course utilizes health care research data, research protocols, and
diverse populations provide discussion points in the course. The information systems in the planning, implementation and evaluation
overlapping domains of ethics and medical law are examined. Case of health care programs meeting the health care needs of a diverse
studies and discussion of ethical and legal precedent setting decisions population. Historical perspectives are discussed in tandem with
are used to link theory with reality. current health programs and future challenges. The impact of public

Course Descriptions
entities in controlling the demand aspects of health services is HIS 104 World Civilizations II 3 Credits
discussed in light of regulatory legislation. Planning strategies to meet This course is a study of the development and interaction of the
the needs of a diverse population are explored from both the public world’s major civilizations from the seventeenth century to the
and private sector. Discussion of the efficacy and efficiencies of past present. Emphasis is placed on the rise and decline of European global
and current programs provide opportunities for analysis of past and dominance.
on-going service demand and client outcomes. Development of a
health care model applying the concepts of reimbursement, supply and
demand, contractual adjustments and patient mix in to the planning
HIS 203 American History to 1865 3 Credits
American history from the beginnings of European settlement through
and evaluation process.
the Civil War. Emphasis is placed on the colonial sources of American
nationality, the development of American political institutions, the
HCA 423 Cost Effectiveness Analysis evolution of American society, and the sectional crisis of the mid-
in Long-Term Care Administration 1 Credit nineteenth century. F
Health Care Administration majors/concentrators enroll in the Long-
Term Care Internship in anticipation of applying for the Long-Term HIS 204 American History Since 1865 3 Credits
Care Licensure Examination. The course is a Web-based, faculty- HIS 204 surveys American history from Reconstruction to the present.
facilitated independent study. The learner will apply management Emphasis is placed on the growing pluralism of American society,
and business principles in conducting a cost-benefit analysis for a the effects of industrialization, the evolution of American political
self-selected long-term care service or quality topic. A GPA of 2.75 in institutions, and the increasing importance of the United States in
the major is required for this course. This course will meet one hour world affairs.
of the ten credit hours required by the State of Iowa for Nursing
Home Administration licensure preparation in the areas of business HIS 301 History of American Business 3 Credits
management, accounting, business law, or any combination thereof. The development of business and its role in American life from the
colonial period to the present. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of
HCA 425 Long-Term Care Internship 12 Credits the corporation, the relationships between business and government,
This internship is designed to meet the requirements of the Iowa and the impact of business on American culture. Prerequisite:
Board of Nursing Home administrators for eligibility for the licensing Sophomore standing or permission of the instructor. (Not offered
examination. Students must complete at least 720 hours in an every year)
approved nursing home working in specific areas. Prerequisites: Senior
standing, a 2.5 GPA in health care courses, and permission of the
instructor. F or S HIS 303 The American Constitution 3 Credits
This course is a study of the Constitution of the United States and
HCA 430 Special Populations 3 Credits its role in American history and government. The course covers the
This is a topics course that explores health care services for special drafting and ratification of the Constitution, its subsequent amendment
populations. The populations include: mental health, substance and interpretation, and its contemporary role in American politics and
addiction, rehabilitation, geriatrics and selected specialty services. The government. (Cross-listed as POL 303.)
course is problem focused emphasizing access, cost-quality issues
and financing considerations. Health information data is utilized as HIS 306 Twentieth-Century Europe 3 Credits
resources for the analysis of demand, quality and cost-efficiency. The history of Europe since 1900. Emphasis is placed on the changing
Historical perspectives are presented as shaping factors influencing the nature of European society, the confrontation between totalitarianism
present models of health services for special populations. Government and democracy, the origins and consequences of the two world wars,
mandates, categorical services, legal, ethical, and reimbursement issues and Europe’s evolving role in world affairs. Prerequisite: Sophomore
are presented as driving forces in the provision of special population standing or permission of the instructor.
health services. Multidisciplinary models of special population health
service models are discussed. Learners will develop a model program
for a self-selected special population. HIS 307 Early Modern Britain 3 Credits
The history of the British Isles from the later fifteenth century through
HCA 459 Senior Project 3 Credits the early eighteenth century. Emphasis is placed on the interaction
This course provides the learner a format for the integration health of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales with England and on early modern
care concepts, exploring a self-selected health care topic. The Senior developments that have shaped English-speaking civilization, especially
Project may be: 1) problem focused in which the learner identifies in the areas of government, law, and overseas expansion. (Not offered
a health care problem or issue and conducts research on the topic every year)
culminating in a proposed solution; or 2) an observational research
project on a self-selected health care topic.
HIS 308 Modern Britain 3 Credits
The history of the British Isles since the early eighteenth century.
HCA 497 Health Care Studies Capstone 3 Credits Emphasis is placed on the development of parliamentary government,
In this final course students will demonstrate their mastery of program the growth and decline of the British Empire, and the evolution of
outcomes by reflecting on and synthesizing insights gained from their British society and economic life. (Not offered every year)
studies. This will take the form of a focused study of a significant trend
or problem in contemporary health care.
HIS 310 American Women’s History 3 Credits
By examining a wide range of sources, from first person accounts to
HIS History interpretive essays, this course explores changes and continuities in
women’s lives since the earliest days of the Republic. Students will
work to understand the forces motivating change, including the various
HIS 103 World Civilizations I 3 Credits women’s movements that have arisen over the years. Underlying
This course is a study of the origins and development of the world’s the course will be the question of how traditional interpretations of
major civilizations from their beginnings through the seventeenth American history are altered by the incorporation of women’s history.
century. Emphasis is placed on the salient socio-economic, political and (Offered every other year)
religious characters of the civilization and the patterns of interaction
among them.

Course Descriptions
HIS 312 The American West 3 Credits life in the period since the Second World War, including changes in
The American West is a sub-field of United States history that was the country’s political structure, economy, and culture as well as the
framed by Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis in 1893, which development of the U.S. role in the international arena. Among the
saw encounters among land, people, and history forming the basis for important events and topics covered are the Korean and Vietnam wars,
a “sectional” identity. This course examines these entities and further the Cuban Missile Crisis, space exploration, Watergate, the civil rights
explores the complexities of U.S. western history, incorporating the movement, and the feminist movement.
different landscapes shaped by multiple geopolitical histories, the
encounters between political and cultural struggles over meaning, and/
or the contests between diverse groups of people over shared places,
HIS 342 The Middle East 3 Credits
This course is intended to introduce students to the complex history
status, and/or meanings. Historians, journalists, politicians, filmmakers,
of the Middle East, focusing on the development of the core region
and writers have all told stories about the American West. For this
in the 19th and 20th centuries. Among the most important topics
reason, this course examines a variety of stories from across the
covered are the origins and nature of Islam, the expansion of the
curriculum that present the twentieth-century-American West.
Islamic world, the nature and impact of the region’s relationship with
Western countries, the impact of the discovery of oil in the region,
HIS 320 History Seminar 3 Credits the causes and course of the Israeli-Arab struggle, the rise of Arab
A program of coordinated class readings and discussions that focus nationalism, and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism.
on a historical topic selected by the instructor. Emphasis is placed on
the analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of historical writing. May be
retaken for credit with change of subject matter. Prerequisite: Junior
HIS 344 The Cold War World 3 Credits
The Cold War was a central fact of international life for decades. It
standing or permission of the instructor. (Not offered every year)
also profoundly influenced domestic life in many countries, including
the United States. Though the conflict formally ended in 1991, its
HIS 321 History and Politics of the Vietnam War 3 Credits effects are far reaching and long lasting. Using a variety of interpretive
This readings course examines selected perspectives by scholars and and documentary sources, we will work to define the Cold War, to
writers on the Vietnam War. The course focuses primarily on the understand its origins, to analyze its major turning points, and to
political and historical context shaped by the years of U.S. involvement outline its effects both on the primary participants and the rest of the
with Vietnam. The course attempts to come to grips with the different world into the present day.
contexts of the wars by drawing on books that consider the actions
of both the Vietnamese and American armies and the consequences
of the war on the people and environment of each. The course places
HIS 351 Asia in the Age of Decolonization & Globalization 3 Credits
Covering major developments in Asia since the early twentieth century,
emphasis on understanding the war from both the Vietnamese and
this course focuses on China, Japan, and the Indian subcontinent. The
American perspectives and on the historical and cultural context of
course traces the rise of Asian nationalism, the decline of western
both nations. (Cross-listed as POL 321.)
imperialism, and the region’s rise to economic prominence.
HIS 324 History of American Education 3 Credits HIS 378 Historiography & Historical Methodologies 3 Credits
This course provides an overview of sentinel events, theories, and
This course provides students with an introduction to the practice
important historical figures that have shaped the United States
of the discipline of history. It provides them with an overview of the
education system.
ways historians have approached the study of the past since classical
antiquity, acquaints them with the major approaches that characterize
HIS 330 World War I 3 Credits the discipline today, and equips them to use appropriate practices in
This course seeks to provide an understanding of the causes, course, historical research and writing.
and consequences of the First World War in its European and global
settings and to develop an appreciation of its considerable influence
on the contemporary world. Through readings in various primary and
HIS 379 The Atlantic World 3 Credits
The history of the Atlantic basin from the late fifteenth century
secondary sources, students will also develop a better understanding
through the early nineteenth, including the interactions of Africans,
of how historians reconstruct and interpret the past.
Europeans, and the indigenous peoples of the Americas and the
societies their interactions produced. Themes covered include
HIS 331 World War II 3 Credits the Columbian exchange, migrations (forced and voluntary),
A study of the causes, course, and consequences of World War II. empire-building, strategies of resistance, identity formation, and the
Topics covered include the war’s major campaigns, its impact on transatlantic dimensions of the American and French Revolutions.
the societies of the nations involved, the Holocaust, and the war’s
influence in shaping the contemporary world. Through readings in
various primary and secondary sources, students will also develop an
HIS 388 Destination Course: Literary & Historical
understanding of how historians reconstruct and interpret the past. Developments in 19th Century England 3 Credits
A course designed to include an extended travel component that
provides an experiential encounter with historical or contemporary
HIS 335 The American Revolution 3 Credits aspects of the course content. The “destination course methodology”
This course seeks to provide an understanding of the era of the may be applied to an existing course or to special courses. Destination
American Revolution (roughly 1763-1791) and an appreciation of courses may be offered in classroom or online modalities. Students
its impact on the subsequent course of American history. It will may receive credit for Historical Perspectives General Education area.
stress the factors that led to the break with Great Britain, the (Cross-listed as ENG 388.) F 2009 or S 2010.
War of Independence, and political experimentation that led to the
adoption of the Constitution. Through readings in various primary and
secondary sources, students will also develop an understanding of how HIS 497 History Capstone: Advanced Research Project 3 Credits
historians reconstruct and interpret the past. Students will demonstrate their mastery of the learning outcomes of
the history major by demonstrating the ability to conduct historical
research using primary and secondary sources and by producing an
HIS 340 Recent American History 3 Credits original research paper on an approved topic.
This course chronicles and analyzes the profound changes in American

Course Descriptions
INF Information Systems programming language. The emphasis is on techniques for efficient
problem solving, good structured programming, and documentation.
Both interactive and batch processing will be covered. Object-
INF 103 Computer Literacy 3 Credits orientated programming techniques may be included. Prerequisites:
Students will use operating system software, the Internet, and INF 231 and MAT 125 or higher math course.
productivity software (word processing, spreadsheet, presentation
graphics, etc.). Students will use the library and Web resources to INF 335 Project Management Principles 3 Credits
research a topic, word process their findings, and create a visual This comprehensive course is designed to develop and strengthen the
presentation to communicate to the class. core knowledge base of those who have chosen project management
as their career path. Focus is on basic principles across the breadth of
INF 220 IS Principles 3 Credits The Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK
An introduction to the systems designed to support the information Guide) and on learning the essential elements for each phase of
needs of the business functions of an organization. Topics include the project life cycle. Students will gain the knowledge, tools, and
basic computer architecture, computer communications, models of techniques to manage a project from initiation to final closeout, while
information systems, information security, organizing and managing the balancing the competing demands of time, cost, and scope. This course
information systems department, software and hardware acquisition, can be used as a substitute for INF 410. Prerequisites: MGT 330 and
and the ethics involved in the management of information. Prerequisite: ECO 203.
INF 103 or permission of instructor.
INF 336 Project Procurement Management 3 Credits
INF 231 Programming Concepts 3 Credits Designed to develop the basic knowledge base of project managers
An introduction to the methodology of programming and the and project procurement managers, this course emphasizes partnering
construction of graphical user interfaces. Students are introduced to between buyers and sellers to create a single culture with one set of
programming through the use of current programming languages(s). goals and objectives. Students will discover the key areas in procuring
Emphasis is on structured design, coding, graphical user interfaces, outside services and products—from the initial decision to buy
event-driven programming, and documentation. A variety of through final contract closeout. They will recognize what must be done
programming problems develop skills in algorithm design, file for success in the six key project procurement management processes:
processing data structures, and event handling. Prerequisite: INF 103 or procurement planning, solicitation planning, solicitation, source
permission of instructor. selection, contract administration, and contract closeout. They will also
formulate the make-or-buy decision, prepare an effective procurement
management plan to guide the team, and use outsourcing for maximum
INF 240 Visual & Verbal Presentations 3 Credits benefit. Lessons and best practices from procurement theory and
This course integrates word processing and presentation graphics experience are also presented. This course can be used as a substitute
technology while exploring business communication. Students will for BUS 309. Prerequisite: INF 103 or permission of instructor.
work individually and in teams to plan, write, and present effective
business communication utilizing appropriate software. Prerequisites:
INF 103 and ENG 122. INF 337 Integrated Cost and Schedule Control 3 Credits
Effective cost and schedule management are cornerstone activities of
each project. Students will determine how best to plan the execution
INF 242 Spreadsheet & Database Analysis 3 Credits of a project scope, to consider stakeholder budget and schedule
Data is used to solve typical business problems, and that data must constraints, to use different methodologies, and to establish the
be managed efficiently. Students will integrate previous business, performance measurement baseline. They will also discover keys to
accounting, and information system coursework into solving problems identify potential cost and schedule overruns And master the tools and
using spreadsheet and database management software. Prerequisites: techniques to compare actual work accomplished against established
INF 103 and math competency. plans, as well as work accomplished against actual expenditures. By
identifying early warning indicators, students will gain greater insight
into potential risk areas and take the necessary corrective action to
INF 317 Procedures for IS Support 3 Credits keep the project in control. This course can be used as a substitute for
Course emphasis deals with procedures to follow when working with BUS 307 or as an elective in Accounting. Prerequisites: ACC 205, and
end-user computing. The organization and management of a computer MAT 332 or BUS 308.
support system, customer service skills, training, evaluation, and needs
assessment are topics covered. Students will work together to design
a computer support system complete with procedures. INF 338 Leadership & Communication Skills
for Project Managers 3 Credits
INF 322 Database Management Systems 3 Credits This course enables students to develop the necessary skills to elicit
This course provides an introduction to the concepts of database maximum performance from every member of a team. Students
processing. An understanding of the physical and logical organization will uncover the styles of leadership that are most appropriate for
of data and the meaningful representation of data relationships are achieving project success and discover which forms of leadership and
evaluated. Operational requirements of database management systems communication styles are best suited to their personalities. They will
are also discussed. Prerequisites: INF 231 and math competency. also learn techniques for resolving conflict and managing personnel
issues and gain hands-on experience in analyzing stages of team
development and maximizing project team effectiveness. This course
INF 325 Telecommunications & Networking Concepts 3 Credits can be used as a substitute for BUS 303. Prerequisites: MGT 330 and
A study of real-time and distributed-processing computer networks writing competency.
including telecommunications, data transmission techniques
(protocols), design, and implementation considerations. Prerequisite: INF 340 Business Systems Analysis 3 Credits
INF 231 or permission of the instructor. This course studies the problems and needs of organizations and
how business functions, staff, data, business processes, and technology
can be used to achieve organizational goals and objectives. The focus
INF 331 IS Programming 3 Credits is on assessment for improvement of the business and its functions.
This programming course solves problems using a current Prerequisite: computer competency.

Course Descriptions
INF 342 Project Quality Assurance 3 Credits information services function within organizations. Coverage includes
This course will address topics as defining, planning, executing and information systems planning, managing the information infrastructure,
closing projects. We will introduce an overall framework for managing justifying information technology investments, the costing of services
projects, describe how to set up a project, and provide a forum for and networks, evaluating information system performance, alternative
sharing practical techniques for managing projects. Several topics are information service delivery modes, managing distributed and end-user
discussed, including how to build a project plan, risk management, issue computing, project and operations management, systems security, and
management, project marketing, communications, quality assurance, the management of information technology professionals.
project measurements and the psychology of project management.
INF 690 ISS Capstone Seminar 3 Credits
INF 391 IS Seminar I 3 Credits This course emphasizes the use of information technology to
This course is a seminar in which students will conduct self- develop distinct competitive advantage in relations with competitors,
directed learning, give presentations, and complete a project in an customers, and suppliers, and with respect to products and services.
approved topic. Approved topics may include Animation, Applied Course participants examine strategies of actual companies and
Mathematics, Computer Game Design, Computer Graphics, Computer identify other strategies that can be deployed to gain competitive
Programming, Computer Support, Computer Repair, Computer advantage in diverse settings. In addition, the course is cumulative
Training, Graphic Design, Statistics or Web Programming. Prerequisite: in nature, integrating knowledge and information attained while
Permission of the instructor. completing the entire MBA curriculum. The capstone project requires
generation and presentation of an organizational information systems
strategic plan.
INF 392 IS Internship 3 Credits
Internships are designed to open new career paths, to foster personal
growth, and to expose the student to practical computer projects or
programs. Participants in the program are responsible for completing JRN Journalism
real projects typical of those assigned to computer technology
graduates in entry-level positions. Every effort is made to place interns
in positions that match their primary career interests, although this JRN 210 Introduction to Reporting 2 Credits
cannot be guaranteed. A minimum of 150 hours is devoted to the An introduction to reporting, interviewing, and writing hard news.
internship. Application must be made through an advisor eight weeks in Students learn journalistic terminology, theory, and technique, to
advance of the regular fall or spring registration. Prerequisites: Senior be applied in writing and editing. Specific units covered will be
status; completion of courses applicable to the internship work; 3.00 introduction to lead writing, story structure, accuracy, copy-editing,
GPA overall; 3.00 GPA in computer graphics design, management headline and cutline writing, advertising, and ethical and legal issues
information systems, or computer science/math; and permission of the in journalism. May be taken concurrently with JRN 211, News
Internship Committee. Reporting Lab
INF 410 Project Management 3 Credits JRN 211 News Reporting Lab 1-2 Credits
Students will work in teams to produce an analysis-based design Includes news writing, feature writing, editing, advertising, layout,
project. The course provides an understanding of the systematic promotion, and all other practical aspects of newspaper production.
process involved in project development, project modification, and This course may be repeated for a total of 12 credit hours.
project completion. Prerequisite: JRN 210.
INF 420 Senior Portfolio 3 Credits JRN 217 Survey of Graphic Communications 3 Credits
Students demonstrate their mastery of skills and knowledge in This lecture course is a survey of design principles and practices
the their areas of emphasis and previous coursework through the used in computer animation, Web design, and print media. The course
development of an approved project. Students will analyze, design, teaches students to understand the proper audience, marketing
implement, and document an appropriate solution for the project. The strategies, design criteria, and choices of graphic software to produce
project should exemplify the student’s ability to apply IS resources and professional graphic art. Prerequisite: Computer competency. (Cross-
skills in a well-designed project. Prerequisites INF 410 and INF 240 or listed as CGD 217)
CGD 240 and permission of the instructor.
JRN 240 Media Writing & Editing 3 Credits

INF 431 Advanced IS Programming 3 Credits An introduction to the process of writing for varied media. Emphasis
This programming course covers advanced programming techniques is on gathering information, writing styles, editing, and organization
and implementation of information systems, especially using multiple of written communication. Practical experience includes writing for
programs to work together to implement an information system. campus media. Prerequisite: Writing competency. (Cross-listed as
Topics may include software design, file structures, sorting, data CGD 240)
structures, and efficient algorithms. Students are expected to develop
programs to support and use the topics covered in this course.
Prerequisites: INF 331 and math competency. JRN 253 Web Publishing 3 Credits
An introduction to the Internet as a medium for publishing. Included is
INF 620 Management of Information Systems 3 Credits an introduction to HTML and opportunities to work with current Web
This course introduces the fundamentals of computer systems, publishing software. This course will cover navigational organization,
the role of information processing in the business environment, selection, and linking of animations, illustrations, photos, and sound
and provides a basic overview of essential computer software. The to Web pages. Prerequisite: Computer competency. (Cross-listed as
course also provides an overview of systems development, operating CGD 253)
systems and programming, database management, networking, and
telecommunications all from a management perspective.
JRN 303 Publication Design 3 Credits
In this course, students are introduced to graphic design with an
INF 630 Systems Analysis 3 Credits emphasis on theory and practice in designing visually effective
This course addresses the many business systems issues unique to the communication media. Emphasis is placed on understanding principles

Course Descriptions
of visual literacy and design to communicate ideas in publications such disciplinary lines. May be applied to General Education requirements
as newspapers, brochures, newsletters, and magazines. The course also with approval of Curriculum Committee. May be repeated with change
includes study and practice in visualizing communication problems in of topic. Prerequisite: Admission to Scholars Institute. F and S
the layout and design of publications and an introduction to desktop
publishing using Quark XPress and PageMaker. Prerequisite: Fulfillment
of computer competency or permission of the instructor. (Cross-listed LIB 201 Liberal Arts Research Methods 1 Credit
as CGD 303) A consideration of research methods, strategies, and source materials
appropriate to the liberal arts. The course stresses practical application
and will be tailored to emphasize research methods in students’ areas
JRN 310 Editorial and Feature Writing 3 Credits of concentration. Prerequisites: ENG 121 and ENG 122. F
Students apply literary and journalistic techniques in editorial and
feature writing, including examples of newspaper and magazine models.
LIB 203 General Internship 1-3 Credits
Students develop skills and knowledge appropriate to their academic
JRN 318 Public Relations Practices & Professional Writing 3 Credits interests in a supervised work environment. Internships requires 150
An introduction to current procedures and duties of public relations hours of normally non-remunerative work in a designated institution
personnel will be studied. Students will write news releases, brochures, or agency under the supervision of a faculty member and a site
speeches, reports, memos, scripts, and ad copy using workshop format. manager. (Can be repeated for up to 6 hours of credit.) Prerequisites:
Prerequisite: Writing competency. (Cross-listed as CGD 318) Approval by a supervising faculty member, cumulative grade point
average of 2.75, and sophomore status. F/S
JRN 328 Scientific and Technical Writing 3 Credits
Students will develop the skills necessary for writing about scientific, LIB 301 Liberal Arts Seminar 3 Credits
environmental, medical, and technological topics. Emphasis is placed on Students examine a selected topic from the perspectives of the
making complex and technical information understandable to a variety various disciplines within one of the broad fields of liberal arts: fine
of audiences. Prerequisite: ENG 122 and satisfaction of the Physical arts, humanities, science, or social science. Students develop a working
World General Education requirement. (Cross-listed as ENG 328.) knowledge of the methodologies, perspectives, and limitations of each
F or S. discipline, as well as an appreciation of the insights that may be derived
from interdisciplinary inquiry. May be repeated for additional credit
only with change of field. Prerequisite: Junior standing or permission of
JRN 340 Print Production 3 Credits the instructor.
This course covers the proper procedures for creating print-ready
files in both native and prescript formats. Students will study the
technological innovations in the printing procedures. Prerequisites: LIB 304 Fine Arts Seminar: Creativity & Culture 3 Credits
CGD 303 and CGD 330. (Cross-listed as CGD 340). This course examines the creative process of artists who create
significant works of art; our aesthetic responses to those works; and
the tensions that can occur when an artistic creation violates
JRN 480 Communications Portfolio 3 Credits “community standards,” resulting in attempts at suppression or
Students apply the skills, knowledge, and abilities developed in the censorship. Beginning with art movements of the twentieth century,
major and concentration in an appropriate communication-focused students examine and discuss representative examples of music
work environment. One hundred fifty (150) hours of normally non- and art from the standpoints of creative process, aesthetic value,
remunerative work in an approved setting is required, under faculty and possible reasons for strong public response. Prerequisite: junior
supervision. Prerequisites: Junior standing, 2.75 cumulative GPA, and standing or permission of the instructor.
approval of department chair. (Cross-listed as ENG 480.)
LIB 307 Social Science Seminar: Race Relations in America 3 Credits
JRN 490 Communications Internship 3 Credits This course has two primary goals: to develop a deeper understanding
Students apply the skills, knowledge, and abilities developed in the of the relationships that exist and have existed among major racial
major and concentration in an appropriate communication-focused groups comprising American society, especially African Americans,
work environment. One hundred fifty (150) hours of normally non- Native Americans, and European Americans, and to familiarize students
remunerative work in an approved setting is required, under faculty with methodologies characteristic of the social sciences, especially
supervision. Prerequisites: Junior standing, 2.75 cumulative GPA, and history and sociology.
approval of department chair. (Cross-listed as ENG 490.)
LIB 311 The Human Quest for Personal Freedom:
Art, Music & Literature of the Romantic Era (INTD) 3 Credits
LIB Liberal Arts Examination of the development of the arts of the Romantic Period
in Western Civilization to discover what the arts can tell us about
how people felt and thought during this significant period in history.
LIB 125 Contemporary Issues in Organizational Leadership 3 Credits The course explores the historical influence of political, cultural, and
This course provides an introduction to the multi-faceted concept scientific values of the Romantic Period upon the arts. (Not offered
of leadership studies by presenting the student with the vocabulary, every year) S (Interdisciplinary)
concepts, theories, and applicable research that are fundamental
to the basic understanding of leadership. The course will examine
contemporary and historical leadership issues unique to women and
LIB 313 Moral Controversies in Technology (INTD) 3 Credits
This course surveys ongoing technological developments and the
minority leaders, the moral and ethical responsibility of leadership, and
ethical questions involved. Among the discussions are specific
leadership in a variety of contexts. Leadership as a social and political
controversies in health care, computer information, space technology,
influence process will be examined.
and materials technology as well as contemporary issues that present
themselves. (Not offered every year) S (Interdisciplinary)
LIB 150H Scholars Institute 1-3 Credits
A seminar course for freshman and sophomore participants in the
Scholars Institute. Topics will vary but will be interdisciplinary in nature
LIB 315 The Environment & the Human Spirit (INTD) 3 Credits
An interdisciplinary examination of humanity’s spiritual relationship
and will encourage students to think and make connections across

Course Descriptions
with the natural world. The course will explore contemporary each play will also be viewed and discussed since a play reveals its
environmental issues in the context of theology, philosophy, literature, true value only in performance. Finally, students will examine how
film, music, visual art, and other representations of the human composers have used the text or story of Shakespeare’s works for
imagination. Prerequisite: ENG 122. (Offered every other year) F their inspiration and how they have interpreted these works through
(Interdisciplinary) their musical compositions. Prerequisites: Junior standing or permission
of the instructor. (Interdisciplinary)
LIB 316 Historical Contexts & Literature 3 Credits
Analysis of historical influences in literature based on representative LIB 330 The Renaissance (INTD) 3 Credits
literary works from African American, Latin American, European, Students participate in an interdisciplinary course that explores the
Native American, and contemporary American historical contexts. creative, spiritual, and intellectual revival of the Renaissance as it
developed in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Italy and spread
throughout Europe. The course draws from such disciplines as art,
LIB 318 Peacemaking: A Study of Conflict Resolution (INTD) 3 Credits music, philosophy, theology, literature, history, and science. (Not offered
An interdisciplinary study of peacemaking with a focus on conflict every year.) (Interdisciplinary)
resolution. Highlighting this course are guest presentations and
discussions led by Ashford University faculty from diverse subject
areas. Students examine thinking and behavior in response to social LIB 332 Science and Culture (INTD) 3 Credits
conflict such as aggression, threats, prejudice, avoidance, withdrawal, This course explores Western science as a cultural artifact and
conformity, and obedience. Students study various strategies of its impact on other aspects of culture: art, literature, film, music,
peacemaking and negotiation and then apply these methods in class philosophy, and theology. In addition, the affects of these “other aspects
role-playing activities. F (Interdisciplinary) of culture” on the development of science will also be investigated
with emphasis on the need to make connections. The course will
examine the ways in which scientific developments are articulated in
LIB 320 Global Socioeconomic Perspectives (INTD) 3 Credits other cultural artifacts. (Interdisciplinary)
This course is an examination of major socioeconomic developments
in different countries including Japan, Germany, Sweden, the United
States, and the developing nations. Topics include population, natural LIB 350H Scholars Institute 1-3 Credits
resources, energy, sustainable growth, and policies such as privatization A seminar course for junior and senior participants in the Scholars
and free trade agreements. Social and economic justice in the global Institute. Topics will vary but will be interdisciplinary in nature and will
economy is considered. (Interdisciplinary) encourage students to think and make connections across disciplinary
lines. May be applied to General Education requirements with
approval of Curriculum Committee. May be repeated with change of
LIB 322 Topics in American Studies (INTD) 3 Credits topic. Prerequisite: Admission to Scholars Institute. or permission of
Employing an interdisciplinary methodology, students will undertake instructor. F and S
an in-depth study of a key issue in American studies. The course
emphasizes the formation of cultural identity and how notions
of nation and region impact institutional and subjective ideology. LIB 356 Research Methods for the Humanities 3 Credits
(Interdisciplinary) Students in this course will develop a working knowledge of the major
methodologies and perspectives of disciplines in the humanities. Topics
include the role of theory, identification of appropriate sources, the
LIB 323 Revolution & Terrorism in the Modern World (INTD) 3 Credits influence of values, and the role of the humanities in interdisciplinary
This course examines the ways revolution and terrorism has shaped inquiry.
the twenty-first century from an interdisciplinary perspective
drawing on history, philosophy, and sociology. Emphasis is on the
ideas and socio-historical forces that have produced revolutions. LIB 380 History and Culture of Mexico 3 Credits
(Interdisciplinary) This course explores the rich history and culture of Mexico. Students
will study the major historical eras of Mexico and the corresponding
LIB 325 The Civil War in American Culture (INTD) 3 Credits cultural evolution. Course includes a one-week field experience in
This course investigates the role the Civil War has played in American Cuernavaca, Mexico where students will study language and culture at
culture. Beginning with a study of the war itself, the course moves on the Universidad Internacional.
to focus on the meanings subsequent generations of Americans have
assigned to it. Emphasis is placed on the use of the Civil War as a LIB 382 London Studies 3 Credits
vehicle for the expression of attitudes and values by various groups of This is a five week, three credit course that offers you the opportunity
Americans and on the ways in which the war has influenced regional to explore British Literature, History, and Architecture including a one
and national identities. (Offered every other year) S (Interdisciplinary) week Study Abroad in London. This course allows you to choose from
different areas of emphasis for the week in London. For each option,
emphasis will be placed on the way in which environment/culture
LIB 327 World Music (INTD) 3 Credits shapes literature and literature shapes environment/culture.You will
This interdisciplinary course examines traditional and popular study each author’s situation and look at how society and history
music from around the world. Emphasis will be given to the artistic, shaped the author or perhaps the author had an impact on shaping
sociological, religious, and cultural aspects of each region examined. society and history.
At least one music-culture from each of the following regions is
presented: Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. No musical
background is required. (Not offered every year) (Interdisciplinary) LIB 420 Applied Liberal Arts 3 Credits
Students apply the skills and knowledge developed from the liberal
arts curriculum in a work environment. The course requires 150
LIB 328 Shakespeare and Music (INTD) 3 Credits hours of normally non-remunerative work in a designated institution
This course examines the influence of William Shakespeare on or agency under faculty supervision. (Credit beyond 3 hours may
composers of music in the centuries since his plays and poetry were be earned for more extensive work experience.) Approval by a
written. Students will closely examine the texts of four plays - two supervising faculty member and a cumulative grade point average of
comedies and two tragedies - along with songs from the plays and 3.00 are required. Prerequisites: Senior standing and approval of Liberal
the sonnets that Shakespeare wrote. One or more performances of Arts Committee. F/S

Course Descriptions
LIB 495 Capstone – Advanced Research Project 2 Credits MAT 223 Math for Educators 3 Credits
This course will culminate with a comprehensive and summative final Topics for investigation include problem solving, elementary set
project that demonstrates the student’s ability to conduct research theory, logic and mathematical patterns, numeration systems, basic
into an approved topic and to develop an original research paper using number theory, properties of number systems, integers, rational and
an interdisciplinary approach. irrational numbers, graphs, probability and statistics, measurement, and
motions in geometry. Designed for prospective elementary teachers.
Prerequisite: EDU 200.
LIB 498 Senior Thesis/Project I 2 Credits
the students’ area of concentration or concentrations by producing a MAT 225 College Algebra 3 Credits
thesis statement, an annotated bibliography, and a completed outline A more advanced exploration of algebraic concepts and problem-
of the thesis/project. Approval of the topic must be secured in advance solving techniques. Topics include solving linear, quadratic, and higher
from the faculty member serving as thesis director. Guidelines for the equations and inequalities; linear and nonlinear systems of equations;
thesis/project will be specified by the Liberal Arts Committee and radical and rational equations; advanced graphing concepts; complex
the students’ area of concentration. Prerequisites: Completed writing numbers; matrix theory; sequences; series; and introductory probability.
competency and senior standing. F/S Prerequisite: MAT 117 or equivalent. F/S
LIB 499 Senior Thesis/Project II 2 Credits MAT 227 Pre-Calculus 3 Credits

This course is a continuation of LIB 498. During the semester, the Topics include solving equations and inequalities; quadratic,
student will complete the senior thesis or project following guidelines trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions; systems
specified by the Liberal Arts Committee. The completed thesis or of equations; vectors; and complex numbers. Prerequisite: Math
project is defended orally before and evaluated by the senior thesis competency or permission of the instructor. S
committee. A minimum grade of “C-” is required to meet degree
requirements. Prerequisite: Successful completion of LIB 498 with a
“C-” or better. F/S MAT 228 Mathematical Modeling 3 Credits
This course develops an understanding of the techniques involved
in the construction of mathematical models using problem-solving
strategies from mathematics. Given a situation to be modeled with
MAT Mathematics mathematics, presented in the form of a real-life problem, students
will be able to evaluate the situation and propose a model describing
the problem. Students should also have the ability, by the end of the
MAT 100 Fundamentals of College Math 3 Credits course, to analyze possible solutions and discuss restrictions on their
An introduction to college mathematics to develop the proficiency accuracy and applicability. Prerequisite: MAT 117 or permission of the
of entering students. The course concentrates on computation and instructor. F/S
interpretation skills pertaining to the natural, whole, integer, and
real number system and their properties. Does not meet General
Education or area of concentration requirements. MAT 300 History of Mathematics 3 Credits
This course discusses how mathematics, one of the oldest intellectual
instruments, has developed over the preceding 5,000 years. The
MAT 117 Combined Algebra 3 Credits presentation will be primarily chronological in nature beginning with
A study of algebraic concepts, which may include algebraic the origins of mathematical concepts in the great civilizations of
expressions, polynomials, factoring, linear and second degree antiquity and progressing toward the 21st century. Emphasis will be
equations and inequalities, graphing, exponents, radicals, ratio, placed on how mathematics and its various branches (arithmetic,
proportion and variation, operations with polynomials, factoring, geometry, trigonometry, algebra, calculus, etc.) developed and
curve sketching, radical equations, ratio proportions, and variation became interwoven. Special attention will be placed on the famous
with applications. The course does not meet General Education or contributors to mathematics including Pythagoras, Euclid, Fibonacci,
area of concentration requirements. Prerequisite: Minimum score on Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, Pascal, Gauss, and others. A research paper
mathematics assessment or permission of the instructor. F/S investigating one of the covered mathematical topics or individuals
will be completed by the student. Prerequisites: Math and writing
competencies. (Not offered every year) S
MAT 126 Survey of Mathematical Methods 3 Credits
The course is designed to explore a wide range of mathematical
models as applied to the problems of a modern society. Topics are MAT 311 Managerial Calculus 3 Credits
selected from a variety of disciplines using mathematical methods A study of calculus as applied to real-life problems in the managerial,
in the critical thinking and decision-making process. Mathematical social, and life sciences. In-depth examination of graphing, limits,
methods covered include, but are not limited to, business math, differentiation, extrema, marginal analysis, integrals, partial derivatives,
introductory algebra, beginning geometry, and business statistics. Lagrange multipliers, and applications. Prerequisite: Math competency
or permission of the instructor. (Not offered every year) S
MAT 204 Math Problems (Mu Sigma Eta) 1 Credit

For high-ability students. Individual research and readings in math MAT 320 Discrete Mathematics 3 Credits
culminating in a research paper that will be presented in written This course discusses concepts related to combinatorial problem
and oral form. By invitation only. (Offered at the discretion of the solving with a focus on discrete models. Topics may include sets and
department) F or S set theory, functions and relations, logic and proofs, Boolean algebra,
counting principles, graph theory, and networks. Prerequisite: Math
MAT 206 Linear Algebra 3 Credits competency or permission of the instructor. (Not offered every
A study of linear algebra with extensions to n-space including lines, year) F
planes, space, and subspace. Topics can include matrices, linear
transformations, row echelon form, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. MAT 332 Applied Statistics 3 Credits
Prerequisite: MAT 117 or equivalent. (Not offered every year) F Course covers graphing techniques for presenting data, measures of
central tendency and dispersion, correlation, regression and prediction,

Course Descriptions
probability, distributions of random variables and statistics, large sample
theory, central limit theorem, estimation and tests of significance, MGT Management
introduction to the analysis of variance, and an introduction to
nonparametric statistics. Prerequisite: Successful completion of math, MGT 330 Management for Organizations 3 Credits
computer and writing competencies. F/S This course presents an introduction to management theory and
practice, including the inter-relatedness that the planning, organizing,
MAT 350 Geometry & Measurement for Educators 3 Credits leading, and controlling functions play in the multicultural, technology-
This course develops geometry and measurement topics for students driven, and global organizations of the 21st century. The emphasis is
pursuing careers in teaching. Geometry topics will include an intuitive on the application of management theory to real-life situations in the
exploration of points, lines, planes, and vectors in two and three workplace.
dimensions. Additional topics will include congruence, symmetry, and
similarity. Measurement topics will include one-, two-, and three- MGT 350 Principles of Marketing 3 Credits
dimension coordinate systems and properties of length, area, and This course will acquaint the student with the methods used by
volume for various one-, two-, and three-dimensional figures from producers of goods and services to determine and satisfy the wants of
a variety of perspectives. Prerequisite: MAT 117 or equivalent. (Not society. This course includes an examination of internal and external
offered every year.) F environments that impact marketing decisions, the basic elements of a
marketing program and issues in ethics and social responsibility.
MAT 351 Calculus I with Analytic Geometry 4 Credits
Topics include the real number system, plane analytic geometry, limits, MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations 3 Credits
continuity, differentiation of algebraic and trigonometric functions, Several leadership styles are examined in this course. Emphasis is
applications of derivatives, and an introduction to the definite integral. placed on developing effective leadership in organizations and personal
Prerequisite: MAT 227 or equivalent. F enterprises, and on developing ethical leadership perspectives in
personal and professional decision-making.
MAT 352 Calculus II & Analytic Geometry 4 Credits
The course includes integration theory and techniques, transcendental MGT 415 Group Behavior in Organizations 3 Credits
functions, applications of integration and differentiation, inverse Theory and research are applied to the study of group dynamics,
trigonometric functions, and improper integrals. Prerequisite: MAT 351 processes encountered in the small-group setting, and how
(Not offered every year.) S organizational effectiveness is impacted by small-group and team
functioning. The course focuses on group productivity, decision-
MAT 353 Calculus III 4 Credits making, diversity, group communication, resolving group conflict and
The course covers multivariate calculus including partial derivatives building effective teams.
and extrema, vector functions, gradient, and coordinate systems;
Taylor’s expansion and multiple integrals; and Stokes’ theorem. MGT 425 Leadership & Motivation 3 Credits
Prerequisite: MAT 352. (Not offered every year.) F This course examines various approaches to motivation and the design
and implementation of motivational strategies for effective personal
MAT 362 Modern Algebra 3 Credits and organizational performance.
An introduction to the study of modern algebra. Topics may include
groups, subgroups, isomorphisms, homomorphisms, rings, and fields. MGT 435 Organizational Change 3 Credits
Prerequisite: MAT 351. (Not offered every year) F In this course, students will study and apply alternative theories,
models and strategies for creating and managing organizational change.
MAT 364 Modern Geometries 3 Credits The effectiveness of management tools in initiating problem solving
An axiomatic approach to Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry. and decision making to bring about change within organizations is
Topics can include analytic Euclidean geometry, measure, congruence, evaluated.
similar shapes and transformations, and non-Euclidean geometries.
Prerequisite: MAT 351. (Not offered every year) S MGT 445 Human Resource Management 3 Credits
This course applies theory and research to human resource
MAT 498 Senior Thesis/Project I 2 Credits management (HRM) policies and practices, including attaining
Students demonstrate their mastery of concepts and methodology in organizational goals, legal concerns, labor relations, strategic analysis,
mathematics by producing a thesis statement, annotated bibliography, the HRM role in shaping organization and employee behavior, applying
and completed outline of the thesis/project. Approval of the topic technology and systems to HRM, and HRM problems/issues.
must be secured in advance from the faculty member serving as the
thesis director. Guidelines for the thesis/project will be specified MGT 450 Strategic Planning for Organizations 3 Credits
by the Liberal Arts Committee and the Mathematics Department. Strategic Planning introduces students to various management planning
Prerequisites: Completion of all competencies and senior standing. F/S. models and techniques, and applies these to actual business cases. This
course stresses the concepts of both strategic planning and strategic
MAT 499 Senior Thesis/Project III 2 Credits management. Prerequisite: MGT 330
This course is a continuation of MAT 498. During the semester, the
student will complete the senior thesis/project following the guidelines MGT 451 Strategic Planning Capstone 3 Credits
specified by the Liberal Arts Committee and the Mathematics Culminating the aggregate knowledge of a business program,
Department. The complete thesis/project is defended orally before and the Strategic Planning Capstone introduces students to various
evaluated by the Senior Thesis Committee. A minimum grade of “C-” management planning models and techniques. Application of strategic
is required to meet degree requirements. Prerequisites: Successful planning concepts is stressed throughout the curriculum.
completion of Math 498 with a “C-” or better. F/S.
MGT 460 Leadership Priorities & Practice 3 Credits
Leadership Priorities and Practice is a capstone course that requires

Course Descriptions
students to reflect on and synthesize the major insights gained in role in formation of health care personnel policy and program
their study of organizational management. A substantive paper is recruitment, compensation, performance evaluation and labor relations.
developed to illustrate how these insights can be applied effectively Evaluation of policy compliance with accreditation, regulatory and legal
in the student’s work environment. Students choosing the personal requirements, professional standards and ethical considerations, and
program of study must show how their chosen concentration relates medical staff and board communication are stressed.
to organizational management and include insights from each academic
area in their synthesis and application.
MHA 616 Health Care Management Information Systems 3 Credits
This course applies health care data in real-world contexts. Factors
MGT 497 Strategic Technology Planning for Organizations 3 Credits such as service line identification, program planning, implementation
This course examines the role of information technology as a strategic models and outcome monitoring are covered.
component of modern business. While focusing on the implementation
of computer-based information systems, it will also consider broader
issues of communication and culture in organizations, as well as MHA 618 Health Economics 3 Credits
institutional change related to new technologies. It will use literature This course focuses upon the analysis of health care operations and
reviews, case studies, and an assessment exercise to address several planning decisions derived from the theoretical concepts of demand,
issues related to new means and strategies in information and cost production, profit and competition. External and internal
communication technologies. Prerequisites: MGT 330 and INF 340. forces challenging health care services are analyzed. Organizational
effectiveness and efficiency within the complex health care
environment are emphasized.
MKT Marketing MHA 620 Health Policy Analyses 3 Credits

This course focuses on the analysis and evaluation of health care policy.
MKT 625 Consumer Behavior 3 Credits Policy implications in organizational decision making, strategic planning
This course presents and analyzes the most critical issues of buyer and market positions are examined.
behavior both for individual consumers and within the organizational
environment. Priority is placed on the economic, psychometric, and
sociometric factors that influence buyer behavior and the buyer
MHA 622 Health Care Ethics & Law 3 Credits
This course focuses upon the legal and ethical issues arising in the
decision process. Through analyzing and understanding buyer behavior,
health care environment. Case study analysis is used to illustrate the
marketing managers can ultimately understand this process and
ethical and legal implications commonly addressed in health care.
actively influence strategic business decisions.
MHA 624 Continuous Quality Improvements &

MKT 635 Market Research 3 Credits
This course is designed to integrate theory and practice and develop Risk Management 3 Credits
students’ analytical skills in marketing research methodology. This course examines a systemic approach to health care outcomes
Students apply methods and techniques for the collection, analysis, and risk management practices. Assurance of quality health services
interpretation, and presentation of primary and secondary data toward and organizational risk control is discussed using industry benchmark
the solution of current marketing problems. and accreditation standards and processes.
MHA 626 Strategic Planning & Marketing in Health Care 3 Credits

MHA Master Health Care Administration This course focuses upon the visioning and modeling of services and
programs, both anticipatory and responsive, utilizing market-driven
information. Students integrate theories from economics, information
MHA 601 Principles of Health Care Administration 3 Credits management, finance and leadership, culminating in the generation of a
The focus of this course is on the application of advanced comprehensive business plan.
organizational principles in complex health care environments.
Organizational issues, administrative processes and applications are
explored. The managerial perspectives of a mid-to senior healthcare MHA 628 Managed Care & Contractual Services 3 Credits
administrator are emphasized. This course examines the concepts of supply, demand, profits, cost and
quality control in a managed care environment. Stakeholder dynamics
are explored. Factors such as population, health status, market
MHA 610 Introduction to BioStatistics 3 Credits forces, contractual adjustments, third-party payers, cost allocation,
This course explores the application of fundamental statistical methods government policies, and legal and ethical implications are explored.
to the health care environment. Course content includes both
descriptive and inferential methods including: data analysis, statistical
estimation, regression analysis, analysis of variance, hypothesis testing MHA 690 Health Care Capstone 3 Credits
and analysis of longitudinal data. This course offers an opportunity for the integration of knowledge
and skills developed within a culminating student project. The focus
is on strategic and organizational issues unique to the health care
MHA 612 Financial & Managerial Accounting 3 Credits environment. The student will present a comprehensive report at the
This course provides the foundation for integrating health care finance end of the Capstone experience.
and managerial accounting. Opportunities for analyzing current and
emerging health care financing trends are provided. Practical cost-
benefit strategies used in planning, controlling and preparing internal
and external reports are emphasized. MUS Music
MHA 614 Policy Formation & Leadership MUS 101 Masterpieces of Music 3 Credits
This survey course exposes students to significant works, composers,
in Health Organizations 3 Credits and styles from the Renaissance to the present. Through required
This course focuses on the administrator’s perspective and leadership

Course Descriptions
readings, lectures, and selective listening, students will cultivate not MUS 208 Ear Training & Sight Singing IV 1 Credit
only a greater understanding of, but also the ability to listen to and See description for MUS 207. Co-registration in MUS 205-206 is
appreciate a broad range of music. F/S required. Prerequisite: MUS 107-108.
MUS 103 AU Concert Choir 1 Credit MUS 225 Musical Skills for the Classroom Teacher 2 Credits
The Concert Choir performs a broad and demanding array of music Early childhood and elementary pre-service teachers learn to design
from the full range of historical and stylistic periods. Concerts are and implement musical experiences through developmental theories,
held both on and off C. Members attend three weekly rehearsals practical skills, and teacher resources. Student will spend 8 clock hours
plus all scheduled performances and dress rehearsals. Incoming in elementary music classrooms. No music background required.
students wishing to join the group are expected to have some music Prerequisites: EDU 200 and PSY 104 or PSY 201.S
background and are admitted to the group only with the instructor’s
consent. Active student leadership is strongly encouraged within
the group. A maximum of 8 credit hours may be applied toward a MUS 250 Conducting I 2 Credits
bachelor’s degree. F/S An introduction to the basic techniques of choral conducting. Topics
covered include conducting, rehearsal, and audition techniques for the
choral ensemble and an introduction to choral styles and repertoire.
MUS 105 Music Theory I 3 Credits Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. F
This course is designed for those students with significant interest in,
and commitment to, the study of music. Course content focuses on a
study of the theoretical and compositional practices of the Common MUS 255 Music in the United States 3 Credits
Practice Period (c. 1700-1850). Attention is given to the basic elements A survey of the many and varied styles of music - popular, classical,
of music: melody, rhythm, harmony, texture, timbre, and form. Regular folk, sacred and secular - of the United States from its beginnings to
assignments, readings, and compositions are expected of students. the present day. Music of the following groups and times are examined:
While there is no prerequisite, musical proficiency or some prior Native American, Revolutionary War, imported folk song styles, Civil
experience is an asset. Co-registration in MUS 107 is required. F War, African American, Tin Pan Alley, musical theater, jazz, country-
western, and rock-and-roll. F or S
MUS 106 Music Theory II 3 Credits
An extension of MUS 105 with emphasis on part-writing, analysis, and MUS 257 The American Musical Theater 3 Credits
the study of form. Students continue to write their own compositions, A study of the evolution of the American musical theater from the
complete regular assignments, and make class presentations. Co- mid-nineteenth century (minstrel show, melodrama, pantomime, and
registration in MUS 108 is required. Prerequisite: Satisfactory ethnic shows) through the twentieth century (operetta, follies, musical
completion of MUS 105. S comedy, and the “Golden Age”) to the present day (rock musical and
concept musical).Videos of selected musicals will be shown that enable
MUS 107-108 Ear Training & Sight Singing I and II 1 Credit students to trace the development of musical theater as a theatrical,
Development of skills in sight singing (performing notated music) and musical, and visual art form. (Not offered every year) S or Summer
listening (notating performed music). Students practice intervallic,
melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic dictation; basic keyboard harmony; MUS 350 Music in Western Civilization I 3 Credits
and individual and part singing. While there is no course prerequisite, A detailed chronologically organized study of the development of
prior musical experience is an asset. F/S Western art music from the Medieval era to the eighteenth century.
Students will be introduced to research materials, repertoire,
MUS 125 AU Wind Ensemble 1 Credit composers, and styles representative of each genre. Attention will
The Wind Ensemble performs music in a broad range of styles. be given to concurrent philosophical, religious, historical, and artistic
Members attend weekly rehearsals plus scheduled performances. events. An emphasis will be placed upon listening and the development
Student leadership is strongly encouraged within the ensemble. The of listening skills. Prerequisite: Successful completion of MUS 101 or
course may be repeated up to a maximum of 8 credit hours toward a permission of the instructor. Course alternates with MUS 351. (Not
bachelor’s degree. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. F/S offered every year) S
MUS 205 Music Theory III 3 Credits MUS 351 Music in Western Civilization II 3 Credits
Continuation of MUS 105 and MUS 106. Study of 19th-century A detailed chronologically organized study of the development of
chromatic materials such as diatonic sevenths, ninth-eleventh- Western music from the eighteenth century to the present. Students
thirteenth chords, embellishment, and Neapolitan and augmented will be introduced to the research materials, repertoire, composers,
sixth chords. Co-registration in MUS 207 is required. Prerequisite: and styles representative of each genre. Attention will be given to
MUS 106. F concurrent philosophical, religious, historical, and artistic events. An
emphasis will be placed upon listening to music and the development
of listening skills. Prerequisite: Successful completion of MUS 101 or
MUS 206 Music Theory IV 3 Credits permission of the instructor. Course alternates with MUS 350. (Not
Further study, writing, and analysis of the more contemporary forms offered every year) S
of music structure including the introduction of melody, harmony, and
rhythm in twentieth-century music. Co-registration in MUS 208 is
required. Prerequisite: MUS 205. S MUS 355 Music in the United States 3 Credits
Same course description as MUS 255. Extra requirements apply to
students registering at the 300 level. F or S
MUS 207 Ear Training & Sight Singing III 1 Credit
Development of advanced skills in keyboard, sight singing, and aural
dictation including modal, tonal, modulating, chromatic, contemporary,
and atonal melodies. Co-registration in MUS 205-206 is required.
Prerequisite: MUS 107-108.
MUS XXX Applied Music
Note: Applied instruction is available to all University students and may
be studied with or without credit. No more than two credit hours

Course Descriptions
of applied music lessons may be taken in one semester. A maximum
of 8 credit hours of applied lessons in a particular instrument may be OMM Organizational Management
applied toward a Bachelor’s degree. (For cost of lessons, please see
Tuition and Fees in Section Four of this Catalog.) Music concentrators OMM 612 Managing in Social Change 3 Credits
who take a second applied lesson on an instrument other than their This course considers key aspects of social change in today’s complex
primary instrument do not have to pay for the second lesson. Applied and interdependent business world, analyzes their effect on how
music instruction at the 100-level is for students who are beginning managers position their business enterprises, and identifies decision-
University lessons. 200-level, 300-level, and 400-level instruction is for making strategies that allow mission-driven organizations to contribute
students who are in their second, third, or fourth years, respectively, to social transformation.
of University instruction. See instructor for course numbers specific
to each instrument. The applied courses listed are designed for
those students with some background on their chosen instrument. OMM 614 Innovation and Entrepreneurship 3 Credits
Individualized instruction focuses on and accommodates each student’s This course explores innovation as it relates to organizational
ability, experience, and needs. leadership and purposeful entrepreneurship. It analyzes the perspective
and values of an entrepreneurial mind and the developmental cycle
MUS X17-X18 Applied Piano 1 Credit of an entrepreneurial organization or organizational unit, including
the stages of resource development, launching, managing growth and
MUS X21-X22 Applied Voice 1 Credit evaluating progress. Approaches to problem- solving are developed
with applications made to organizational responsibilities and personal
MUS X27 Applied Strings 1 Credit growth.
MUS X29 Applied Brass 1 Credit
MUS X33-X34 Applied Percussion 1 Credit OMM 615 Strategies: Marketing/Advertising/Public Relations 3 Credits
This course explores practical ways to develop organizational
MUS XXX Applied Organ 1 Credit communication plans that integrate marketing, advertising and public
relations strategies. Emphasis is given to the dynamic process of
MUS XXX Applied Woodwind 1 Credit managerial decision-making required to implement an integrated
communication plan effectively in order to achieve organizational goals.
NAT Natural Science OMM 618 Human Resources Management 3 Credits

This course is a study on managing people in the workplace, focusing
on the important policies and processes associated with recruiting,
NAT 301 Science Seminar 3 Credits hiring, training and evaluating personnel in order to achieve strategic
Students examine a topic from within sciences and develop a working organizational goals.
knowledge of the methodologies, perspectives, and limitations of
the sciences as well as an appreciation of the insights that may be
derived from scientific inquiry. Student research and presentations are OMM 622 Financial Decision-making 3 Credits
required. Prerequisite: Junior standing or permission of the instructor. The course is designed to allow individuals who do not prepare
(Cross-listed under BIO 301 and LIB 301) accounting and financial documents to understand and use these
documents as tools in effective managerial decision-making, control
and planning. Topics include purposes of financial statements, analysis
NAT 498 Senior Thesis I 2 Credits of financial statements using basic accounting concepts, budgeting, and
Students demonstrate their mastery of the methodology of science financial accountability in an organization.
by producing a thesis statement and bibliography, writing a proposal to
include the design of an appropriate project/experiment, and starting
the approved project, if warranted by the design. Approval of the OMM 625 Learning Organizations & Effectiveness 3 Credits
topic must be secured in advance from the faculty member serving as This course presents the principles and elements of the learning
thesis director and from the chairperson of the Biology Department. organization and uses key principles as a framework for defining the
The choice of scientific format for the written thesis and the design organization’s management practices and measuring its effectiveness.
of the experiment must be approved by the student’s committee.
Prerequisites: Successful completion of MAT 332, writing competency, OMM 640 Business Ethics & Social Responsibility 3 Credits
and senior standing. (Cross-listed as BIO 498) This course analyzes organizational, professional and personal ethics
and creates a framework for exploring the social responsibilities of
NAT 499 Senior Thesis II 2 Credits managers and organizational leaders.Various methodologies will be
A continuation of the senior thesis project started in BIO 498. used to explore ways to encourage ethical development and moral
Students demonstrate their mastery of the methodology of science behavior within organizational culture and to resolve business ethical
by completing the research project using appropriate analytical skills issues and dilemmas.
and producing a written thesis document in an appropriate scientific
format. The completed thesis project is defended orally before and OMM 692 Organizational Management Strategy 3 Credits
evaluated by a faculty committee. A minimum grade of “C-” is required This capstone course explores the formulation, implementation and
to meet degree requirements. Prerequisite: BIO 498 with a minimum maintenance of organizational strategic management. In the context
grade of “C-.” (Cross-listed as BIO 499) of a globally competitive market, students will explore methods of
directing an entire organization. Topics include: analysis of competitive
position, value creation, developing systems-wide goals and objectives,
and the creation of a strategic plan. This course is cumulative in nature,
integrating knowledge and information attained while completing the
entire program curriculum.

Course Descriptions
PED Physical Education and Health PED 172 Teaching Football Strategies 1 Credit
The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules
Note: Student athletes who meet the Ashford University and NAIA and playing strategies.
eligibility requirements for the designated intercollegiate athletic team
may earn one credit for participation. A maximum of 4 PED credit
hours may be earned. Grades are Pass/Fail. PED 173 Teaching Golf Strategies 1 Credit
PED 100 Intercollegiate Athletics 1 Credit and playing strategies.
Members of the University intercollegiate programs may earn one
credit hour per semester, up to a maximum of 4 credit hours toward PED 174 Teaching Wrestling Strategies 1 Credit
a degree. Successful completion of the season and satisfaction of The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules
intercollegiate rules and regulations is required. This course is offered and playing strategies.
Pass/Fail. F/S
PED 100-01 Men’s Intercollegiate Basketball 1 Credit PED 175 Teaching Soccer Strategies 1 Credit
Offered F, S The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules
and playing strategies.
PED 100-02 Women’s Intercollegiate Basketball 1 Credit
Offered F, S
PED 176 Teaching Cheerleading Strategies 1 Credit
PED 100-05 Men’s Intercollegiate Golf 1 Credit The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules
Offered F, S and playing strategies.
PED 100-06 Women’s Intercollegiate Golf 1 Credit

Offered F PED 177 Teaching Softball Strategies 1 Credit
PED 100-07 Men’s Intercollegiate Soccer 1 Credit and playing strategies.
Offered F
PED 100-08 Women’s Intercollegiate Soccer 1 Credit PED 178 Teaching Volleyball Strategies 1 Credit
Offered F The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules
PED 100-09 Men’s Intercollegiate Baseball 1 Credit
Offered S
PED 179 Teaching Track & Field Strategies 1 Credit
PED 100-10 Women’s Intercollegiate Softball 1 Credit The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules
Offered S and playing strategies.
PED 100-13 Women’s Intercollegiate Volleyball 1 Credit

Offered F PED 180 Teaching Swimming Strategies 1 Credit
PED 104 Personal Health & Wellness 2 Credits
This interactive course provides information, strategies, and guidance
in developing a lifestyle that will enhance overall well being and prevent PED 181 Teaching Tennis Strategies 1 Credit
health problems. Students develop a personal health plan based on the The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules
research-based content of current health topics. F and playing strategies.
PED 125 Pilates 1 Credit PED 203 Exercise Physiology 1 Credit

This PED activity course in Pilates enhances flexibility and develops A study of the major physiological systems of the human body and
core strength to enhance overall physical health and well being. There their acute and chronic responses to exercise. Includes application of
are no prerequisites for this class. physiological concepts to physical training and conditioning. Students
will develop an understanding of how the body moves and how the
laws of force affect that movement. S
PED 128 Strength Training for Women 1 Credit
This PED activity course in strength training is designed to increase
upper and lower body strength while improving overall health and well PED 205 Physical Education for the Elementary Teacher 2 Credits
being. There are no prerequisites for this class. This course prepares elementary teachers to design and implement
elementary physical education instruction into grades K-8. Emphasis
is placed on the important impact physical education has on the
PED 129 Strength Training for Men 1 Credit academic success and total development of the child. Students develop
This PED activity course in strength training is designed to increase
strategies to incorporate physical education into the classroom
upper and lower body strength while improving overall health and well
curriculum. Students log 8 clock hours of observation of elementary
being. There are no prerequisites for this class.
physical education classes. Prerequisites: EDU 200 and PSY 104 or
permission of the instructor. F
PED 170 Teaching Baseball Strategies 1 Credit
and playing strategies. PED 211 Theories & Techniques of Coaching 1 Credit
This course addresses the principles of coaching, behavior, teaching,
PED 171 Teaching Basketball Strategies 1 Credit physical training, and management. Includes the ethical considerations
The focus of the course is teaching motor skills, knowledge of rules and legal responsibilities at all levels. S

Course Descriptions
PED 212 Foundation of Movement & Motor Activities
Students will examine integrated movement curriculum and the
3 Credits PHI Philosophy
relationship between knowledge, motor skills, and movement activities.
Activities will lead to understanding of how the body is used during PHI 100 Human Person and Values 3 Credits
fundamental motor skills and the progression to more advanced This course deals with the nature of human beings, their values,
movement. Emphasis is on the study of human movement and the and the world they live in as theory and as exemplified by the lives
development of motor skills which enhance health related physical of St. Francis and St. Clare. Units focus on values of life and human
fitness. Movement concepts of body awareness, space, and quality of origin, knowledge and language, emotions and choice, and death
movement are defined. Fundamental movement skills are analyzed and and immortality, among others. Course satisfies General Education
used as a basis for planning physical education coursework. requirement to complete a three-credit course with significant
Franciscan content. F
PED 217 Individual & Team Sports Skills 3 Credits
Students will develop understanding of the difference between team PHI 101 Introduction to Philosophy 3 Credits
and individual sports and gain practical knowledge of most sports A general introduction to acquaint the student with the meaning
incorporated into a high school or physical education setting. History, and goals of philosophy and to introduce some major personalities,
rules, court dimensions, fundamentals, strategies, equipment, and safety problems, and methods in philosophy. S
will be included in the content.
PHI 103 Informal Logic 3 Credits

PED 230 Health Education for the Elementary Teacher 2 Credits This course is a study of correct and incorrect reasoning involved
This course prepares elementary teachers to design and implement in everyday activities. The fundamentals of language and argument,
health education instruction into grades K-8. Emphasis is placed on deductive and inductive reasoning and other aspects of practical
the important impact health education has on the academic success reasoning are examined.
and total development of the child. Students develop strategies to
incorporate health instruction into the classroom curriculum based on
the National Health Education Standards. Prerequisites: EDU 200 and PHI 104 Fundamentals of Critical Reasoning 3 Credits
PSY 104 or permission of the instructor. S This course offers a comprehensive guide to critical reasoning. It will
focus on thought and language, patterns of argumentation including
fallacies and deductive and inductive reasoning, argument analysis, and
PED 240 Applied Kinesiology & Biomechanics 3 Credits modes of proof including arguments in the disciplines. This course
A study of muscle function, biomechanics, and analysis of human satisfies the Critical Thinking competency. F/S
movement without complex calculations requiring mathematics and
laws of physics. The purpose of this course is to examine the physical
and physiological principles upon which it depends; students are shown PHI 107 Philosophy of Human Conduct 3 Credits
practical applications of mechanics and applied quantitative analysis This course focuses on clarifying and illuminating the great social and
to improve understanding of technique, training, and injury personal issues confronting people today. Topics include standards of
development. F moral judgment, the meaning and justification of moral judgments, and
questions of moral responsibility and justice. This course satisfies the
Applied Ethics competency.
PED 242 Prevention & Care of Athletic Injuries 2 Credits
Students will acquire knowledge and develop skill in implementing
immediate, temporary treatment in case of injury or sudden illness. PHI 200 Mind & Machine 3 Credits
Upon successful completion of the first-aid component, a student This course explores fundamental issues of the mind, thought, and
will receive a standard first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation reality. Exploration of trends and future developments in artificial
certificate. Emphasis will be on sports first aid including fundamental intelligence and the possible effects these developments will have on
taping, wrapping, and treatment modalities. S human life are investigated. The following questions are analyzed: What
is the material nature of the human mind/brain? How does the human
mind construct and understand reality? What is the relationship of
PED 325 Pilates 1 Credit the human mind to the world it perceives and the world it creates?
This PED activity course in Pilates enhances flexibility and develops What are the differences/similarities between human and artificial
core strength to enhance overall physical health and well being. There intelligence?
are no prerequisites for this class.
PHI 205 Philosophy & Children 3 Credits
PED 335 Curriculum & Administration of Physical Education 3 Credits This course incorporates theoretical and practical challenges
The course will be a study for a teacher and coach in organizing the concerning growing up with philosophy, the child as thinker and natural
physical education and athletic departments to include: budgeting, philosopher, philosophy in the early years, philosophy confronting
purchasing equipment, curriculum improvement, supervision of psychological theories of development, and philosophical activities
personnel, legal aspects and intramural programs. that are in line with the child’s intellectual readiness. (Not offered
every year)
PED 340 Adapted Physical Education 3 Credits

This course provides understanding of the various physical and PHI 210 Franciscanism Yesterday & Today 3 Credits
emotional needs of the special education student and how to adapt This course focuses on the life, spirit, and ideals of St. Francis and St.
curriculum. Students will have a required amount of hours of field Clare. Students will evaluate the importance of the Franciscan tradition
experience. (Cross-listed as ESE 340.) of our University and articulate how it influences their present lives. S
PHI 302 Formal Logic 3 Credits

This course focuses on formulating and analyzing arguments critically.
This survey includes methods of deduction and induction, uses of
languages, categorical syllogisms, and propositional and predicate logic.
(Not offered every year)

Course Descriptions
PHI 307 Philosophy of Human Conduct 3 Credits PHY 202 College Physics II 4 Credits
Same course description as PHI 107. Students enrolled at the 300 An introduction to college physics designed to develop the student’s
level will be required to complete an approved independent research understanding and appreciation of the physical world. Through lecture
project. This course satisfies the Applied Ethics competency. F/S and lab, the course examines the physical characteristics of light,
electricity, and quantum physics. In addition, the course also introduces
the scientific method and some of the skills necessary for the
PHI 310 Franciscanism Yesterday and Today 3 Credits investigation of physical phenomena. These skills include the taking and
Same course description as PHI 210. Students enrolled at the 300 analyzing of data, the identification and reduction of human error, and
level will be required to complete an approved independent project in the merging of theory and practical experience. PHY 202 is suitable for
addition to scheduled class assignments. S science and non-science majors alike and is presented without calculus
topics. Prerequisite: MAT 227 Pre-calculus or equivalent. (Not offered
every year) S
PHI 312 Philosophy of Being 3 Credits
Students learn the structure, dynamics, and implications of one’s
relationship with being. Discussion includes representation questions
about idealism, material minds, substance, change, personal identity,
responsibility, causal determinism, and some proposed resolutions of POL Political Science
these questions. (Not offered every year)
POL 201 American National Government 3 Credits
A survey of government at the national level. Emphasis is placed on the
PHI 402 Business Ethics 3 Credits constitutional basis of American government, federalism, the sources
Students study Christian principles and their practical implications
and forms of political behavior, the operation of the three branches of
for contemporary business interests. Topics including economic
government, and the making of national policy. F or S
justice, basic issues of the work place, employee responsibilities,
organizational influences in private lives, professional ethics, business,
and the environment are emphasized. Prerequisite: Senior standing or POL 211 Introduction to Politics 3 Credits
permission of the instructor. This course is an introduction to selected institutions, processes, and
political behaviors associated with the study of politics in the United
States and globally.
PHI 445 Personal & Organizational Ethics 3 Credits
This course studies the theories and paradigms underlying personal
and organizational values and ethical principles; how personal values POL 303 The American Constitution 3 Credits
and ethical principles relate to the organizations in which people This course is a study of the Constitution of the United States and
function; and the effects of the organization’s ethics on its reputation, its role in American history and government. The study covers the
functioning and performance. drafting and ratification of the Constitution, its subsequent amendment
and interpretation, and its contemporary role in American politics and
government. (Cross-listed as HIS 303.)
PHY Physical Science
POL 310 Environmental Policies 3 Credits
Examines political, social, and economic policies and their impact on
PHY 101 Astronomy 4 Credits the global environment. Also explores ways in which policy decisions
An overview of astronomy including structure and motion of the can serve to protect the environment.
planets, the solar system, the Milky Way and other galaxies, and the
Universe. (Not offered every year) S
POL 312 The American West 3 Credits
The American West is a subfield of United States history that was
PHY 103 Weather & Climate 4 Credits framed by Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis in 1893, which
This course explores the fundamental causes for weather and climate. saw encounters among land, people, and history forming the basis for
Topics examined will include energy, clouds, wind, storms, climate a “sectional” identity. This course examines these entities and further
classification, and change. Previous science and math backgrounds will explores the complexities of U.S. western history, incorporating the
be helpful but are not required. (Not offered every year) S different landscapes shaped by multiple geopolitical histories; the
encounters between political and cultural struggles over meaning; and/
or the contests between diverse groups of people over shared places,
PHY 105 Introduction to Physical Science 4 Credits status, and/or meanings. Historians, journalists, politicians, filmmakers,
A survey of selected topics in physical science offered from a non-
and writers have all told stories about the American West. For this
mathematical approach. This course is designed to help the student
reason, this course examines a variety of stories from across the
understand fields such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology.
curriculum that present the twentieth-century-American West. (Cross-
Prerequisite: One year of high school algebra or permission of the
listed as HIS 312.)
instructor. (Not offered every year) F
PHY 201 College Physics I 4 Credits POL 319 State & Local Government 3 Credits
An introduction to college physics designed to develop the student’s This course examines the structure and processes of state and local
understanding and appreciation of the physical world. The course governments and their related current problems and issues. There is a
examines, through lecture and lab, the physical characteristics of focus on the effect of Federalism and its effect on States.
mechanics, wave motion, and heat. In addition, the course also
introduces the scientific method and some of the skills necessary
for the investigation of physical phenomena. These skills include the POL 321 History & Politics of the Vietnam War 3 Credits
taking and analyzing of data, the identification and reduction of human This readings course examines selected perspectives by scholars and
error, and the merging of theory and practical experience. PHY 201 writers on the Vietnam War. The course focuses primarily on the
is suitable for science and non-science majors alike and is presented political and historical context shaped by the years of U.S. involvement
without calculus topics. Prerequisite: MAT 227 Pre-calculus or with Vietnam. The course attempts to come to grips with the different
equivalent. (Not offered every year.) F contexts of the wars by drawing on books that consider the actions

Course Descriptions
of both the Vietnamese and American armies and consequences of PPA 305 Budgeting for Public Administrators 3 Credits
the war on the people and environment of each. The course places This is an introductory course in government budgeting dealing with
emphasis on understanding the war from both the Vietnamese and public revenue, expenditure policies, and politics of the budgetary
American perspectives and on the historical and cultural context of process while addressing current issues and challenges in this field.
both nations. (Cross-listed as HIS 321.)
PPA 307 Intergovernmental Relations & Issues 3 Credits

POL 325 Congress & the Presidency 3 Credits The theory and practice of intergovernmental relations and the
This course examines the notion of shared governance as it applies to various issues that accompany the daily operations and affect the
two central institutions of the American national, Congress and the overall efficiency of our system. This course will address both the legal
Presidency. Students have an opportunity to learn more about the and political perspectives of the interactions, relationships and public
history, structure, and functions of each institution but there is much policy considerations throughout the various components and levels of
emphasis placed on the relationship Congress and the Presidency. government. Prerequisite: PPA 301
Topics include leadership, policymaking, tensions within each institution
and between the different institutions, and a focus on a variety of
public policy areas. PPA 401 Urban Management 3 Credits
This course is an introduction to formal and informal elements of
urban management systems addressing the exploration of alternative
POL 353 Comparative Politics 3 Credits approaches to dealing with problems arising from rapid urban growth.
This course introduces the basic concepts and theories of comparative Prerequisite: PPA 301.
politics through an analysis of selected political systems and
governments from various regions and societies across the world.
Topical analysis in the course includes an emphasis on key political PPA 403 Administrative Law 3 Credits
institutions, political culture, ideology, globalization, conflict and stability, A study of the nature and the law of the administrative procedure,
various state and non-state actors, and on issues associated with of separation and delegation of powers, and of the scope of judicial
economic development and underdevelopment. review and other remedies against administrative actions.
POL 355 International Relations 3 Credits PPA 405 Personnel Management 3 Credits
The course in international relations is the study of relations between An examination of the essential processes, policies, and laws pertaining
different nations of the world with an emphasis on understanding to public personnel including an analysis of issues concerning public
the political implications of international security matters and the personnel administrators, employee protection, motivation, and
international political economy. The topical emphasis on nationalism, effectiveness.
diplomacy, conflict, international organizations and actors, human
rights, political economy, and key global issues offers insights into
the principles of identity, cooperation, and the use of power in an PPA 497 Public Policy Formation 3 Credits
international context. A study of how the dynamics of governmental decision making
influence the content of public policy; course focuses upon how
legislators, interest groups, chief executives, and the bureaucracy
POL 411 Political Behavior 3 Credits function to define alternatives and to shape policy agenda and content.
Students will study political behavior as it relates to campaigns and Prerequisite: PPA 301.
elections in the United States. Selected course themes include political
communication, participation, voting, and elections.
PPA 601 Foundations of Public Administration 3 Credits
This course examines the theory and practice of public administration,
POL 497 Political Science Capstone 3 Credits its legal and constitutional foundation and the role of the public
In this final course students will demonstrate their mastery of program administrator in public policy. The context of the course discussions
outcomes in Political Science and Government by creating an original are based on the current issues facing public agency administrators.
research report on a current, relevant, and specifically defined subject
area.
PPA 602 Public Financial Management 3 Credits
This course focuses upon the legal and ethical issues arising in the
health care environment. Case study analysis is used to illustrate
PPA Public Administration the ethical and legal implications commonly addressed in health care.
Prerequisite: BUS 599 or equivalent.
PPA 301 Principles of Public Administration 3 Credits

An introductory examination of the characteristics of the public PPA 603 Government Budgeting 3 Credits
organization and its impact on society including analysis of the This is a comprehensive, straightforward examination of government
principles of public administration, personnel issues, budgetary budgeting. Topics deal with include the advantages and disadvantages of
activities, legal dynamics, as well as historical development of the field various approaches to revenue projection, the collection and review of
are included. departmental proposals, the development of capital budgeting policy
and other budgeting tasks. Also addressed are budget implementation,
accounting and financial reporting. A variety of methods for
PPA 303 Finance for Public Administrators 3 Credits maintaining budgetary balance, preventing overspending and dealing
This course addresses the principles of state and local financing of with contingencies are presented and discussed. Prerequisite: BUS 599
government, sources of public revenue, objects of public expenditures, or equivalent.
problems of fiscal administration, emerging policy issues involving
land use and taxation, spending and budgeting, intergovernmental
cooperation, debt financing, financing for economic development, and PPA 604 Urban Planning/Redevelopment 3 Credits
privatization. Prerequisite: ECO 203 This course focuses upon the visioning and modeling of services and
programs, both anticipatory and responsive, utilizing market-driven
information. Students integrate theories from economics, information

Course Descriptions
management, finance and leadership, culminating in the generation of a prevention of psychological disorders. Problems with the reliability and
comprehensive business plan. validity of the American Psychiatric Association system for diagnosing
psychological disorders will be discussed, and various alternative
systems will be introduced.
PPA 605 Negotiation, Bargaining & Conflict Management 3 Credits
This course examines the concepts of supply, demand, profits, cost and
quality control in a managed care environment. Stakeholder dynamics PSY 304 Lifespan Development 3 Credits
are explored. Factors such as population, health status, market This course consists of the application of the methods and principles
forces, contractual adjustments, third-party payers, cost allocation, of several fields of psychology to an extensive study of human growth
government policies, and legal and ethical implications are explored. development in the child, adolescent, and adult. Prerequisites: PSY 101
and PSY 104. F
PPA 699 Public Policy Development 3 Credits
This capstone course is an examination of influences affecting policy PSY 305 Sports Psychology 3 Credits
development and decision making in the urban political arena. It also This course provides an understanding of psychological dimensions of
covers policy management, policy execution, establishing and measuring behavior of the participant in sport. It involves analyzing and observing
criteria for policy success, and effective communication throughout the the effect of internal and external stimuli on participants, individuals
public policy process. This course is cumulative in nature, integrating and group/team relationships, leadership, goal setting, anxiety,
knowledge and information attained while completing the entire performance enhancement, and mental imagery. Psychological aspects
MPA curriculum. In addition, this course requires the generation and of athletic injuries and healing and strategies for dealing with physical
presentation of an analysis of a community development project. or emotional losses in sport are addressed. Prerequisite: PSY 101
and junior standing or permission of the instructor. (Not offered
every year)
PSY Psychology PSY 311 Counseling Psychology:

Methods of Applied Psychology 3 Credits
PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology 3 Credits An introduction to methods of applied psychology with an emphasis
This course is a survey of selected topics in psychology, including upon theories and skills in counseling. Topics include effective listening
research methods, physiological psychology, sensation, perception, skills, ethics of applied psychology, crisis intervention techniques,
consciousness, learning, memory, motivation, gender roles, abnormal a survey of psychotherapy systems, drug therapy, residential
behavior, psychotherapy, and social psychology. treatment, a review of research on the effectiveness of counseling
and psychotherapy, and the interpretation of psychological tests
PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Development 3 Credits that are frequently used to facilitate counseling and psychotherapy.
This course provides a basic introduction to the nature of human Prerequisites: PSY 101, and, if a lower-division student, completion of at
growth and development as it occurs from conception through least 24 hours of course credit with a 2.50 GPA or higher. F or S
adolescence. Students are provided the opportunity to explore
the “what,” “how,” and “when” of physical motor, cognitive, socio- PSY 315 Survey of Exceptional Students 3 Credits
emotional, moral aesthetic, and language development. Exploration is An investigation into the theories, skills, and attitudes needed to
emphasized through activities that allow students to understand and identify and instruct students with disabilities in varied school settings.
appreciate both typical and atypical development within the context Attention will be given to the variety of categories of disabilities that
of the family and society and to recognize the impact of individual, special educators are likely to come into contact with. Students will
cultural and linguistic differences on development. examine the issues of providing services to identified individuals within
and outside school settings. (Cross-listed as ESE 315.)
PSY 202 Adult Development & Life Assessment 3 Credits
This course presents adult development theory and links theoretical PSY 317 Cognitive Functioning in the Elderly 3 Credits
concepts of life and learning through a process of psychometric This course explores cognitive functioning in later life including
assessment and reflection. Both classical and contemporary adult biological, socioeconomic, environmental, cognitive adaptation, and
development theories are examined. These theories then provide the life history factors influencing cognitive function as an individual
paradigm for self-analysis and life learning, including a plan for personal, progresses along a developmental continuum. The major psychological
professional and academic learning. constructs of self concept, socialization, and thinking processes are
presented. Etiology, interventions, education, and support systems
PSY 301 Social Psychology 3 Credits are discussed. Prerequisite: PSY 101 or permission of the instructor.
Students explore how the thoughts, feelings and behavior of individuals (Offered every other year) F
are influenced by other human beings in a variety of social situations.
This course also entails a survey and critical analysis of the various PSY 323 Perception, Learning, & Cognition 3 Credits
methods used by researchers in social psychology. Topics include: social Students will study research and theory about mental processes that
cognition, aggression, prejudice, interpersonal attraction, altruistic go between experience and the human mind. Students will gather
behavior, conformity, group influences, and conflict resolution. and interpret data for several simple experiments that demonstrate
classic research findings in perception, learning, and cognition.
PSY 302 Industrial/Organizational Psychology 3 Credits Perception entails the mental processes involved in the organization
This course examines the influence of an organization upon the and interpretation of sensory experience. Learning entails relatively
individual, as well as ways an individual can influence an organization. permanent changes in behavior that result from experience. Cognition
Topics include recruiting, personnel selection, organizational climate, explains how the mind processes information, how we encode, store,
group problem solving, and conflict resolution. and retrieve memories, and how we use information to form beliefs,
make decisions, and solve problems. Prerequisites: PSY 101 and junior
standing.
PSY 303 Abnormal Psychology 3 Credits
The course entails a study of the diagnosis, causes, treatment, and

Course Descriptions
PSY 325 Statistics for the Behavioral & Social Sciences 3 Credits PSY 361 Health Psychology 3 Credits
Descriptive and inferential statistics are investigated and multiple Students explore the mind/body relationship as it pertains to health,
techniques for statistical analysis are introduced in this course. stress, and the person’s response to medical treatment. This course
Formulas for presenting and evaluating data are explored in includes a review of anatomy and physiology of the nervous system,
accordance with generally accepted protocol for statistical analysis. the endocrine system, the immune system, and other organ systems.
Students explore new strategies of applied psychology for sustaining
health, managing stress, and recovering successfully from disease, injury,
PSY 326 Research Methods 3 Credits and medical treatment.
Research Methods is an introduction to the foundations of research
methodology, design and analysis. Basic principles of qualitative and
quantitative research are explored and evaluated. Understanding the PSY 370 Learning & the Brain 3 Credits
results of statistical analysis as it applies to research is a focus of this Teaching and learning issues within a cognitive processes context are
curriculum. explored. This course covers the study of emotion, memory, and recall
as well as early brain development and its relationship to learning.
PSY 330 Theories of Personality 3 Credits
This course reviews the basic concepts and principles of the major PSY 372 Educational Psychology 3 Credits
theories of personality. It also assesses the scientific worth and Educational Psychology explores the theories of how people learn.
validity of these theories and includes case studies that show how Selected learning theories are analyzed from the perspective of
these theories are applied to the treatment of psychological disorders. teaching and learning. Developmental theory and environmental and
Detailed descriptions of healthy and unhealthy personality types will be social factors are explored as they interface with the learning process.
stressed. Students will be challenged to evaluate their personality, as it Educational psychology’s research is applied to the measurement,
relates to the theory being presented. assessment, and evaluation of learning and the effectiveness and
efficiency of teaching-learning interactions. Note: EDU 285AA must
be taken at Rio Salado concurrent with PSY 372.
PSY 331 Psychology of Learning 3 Credits
Learning is the relatively permanent change in behavior and mental
processes resulting from experience. This course consists of the PSY 399 Selected Readings 3 Credits
application of learning theory and research in a wide range of settings Each student collaborates with the professor to select three readings
where learning takes place. in an interest area of the students’ choosing. Selected readings must
be relevant to the Applied Project (PSY 496) course. This course is
designed to provide an opportunity to use the critical thinking skills
PSY 335 Tests & Measurements 3 Credits developed through the discussion of selected readings in psychology.
This course will survey instruments of psychometric assessment that
are frequently used in education and human services. Fundamental
theory and research pertaining to the quantitative measurement PSY 421 Human Services Practicum 3 Credits
of human traits will be reviewed. Psychometric instruments will Prospective students in the allied health areas, such as Nuclear
include standardized intelligence, standardized tests of educational Medicine Technology and Physical Therapy, gain experience in patient
achievement and aptitude, objective personality tests, self-report care under the supervision of appropriately licensed professionals.
inventories frequently used by mental health professionals, and Students complete 50 contact hours for each credit hour given and
standardized measures using behavioral observations of children by must provide evidence of learning through a written journal and
teachers and parents. Strengths and limitations of these instruments keep an up-to-date time sheet. May be taken more than once to gain
will be carefully examined to enable students to use critical thinking experience at different locations for a maximum of 4 credit hours.
and good judgment as consumers of these projects and services. Prerequisites: Sophomore standing or higher and GPA ≥ 3.0.
Prerequisites: PSY 101 and junior standing.
PSY 496 Applied Project 3 Credits
PSY 340 Research & Presentation 3 Credits The Psychology Applied Project has two components: 1) a seminar
The student designs and conducts a research project with component developed around interactive discussion based upon
supervision from a faculty sponsor. The student then accompanies course required reading and student-selected research and 2) an
his or her sponsor to one of several regional conferences that applied research component. Within the applied research component
invite undergraduates to present their research in a poster or oral is a formal applied research project and an applied career-community
presentation format. The principal course requirement is the poster or interview. All students complete the career-community interview. In
presentation at the conference. Prerequisites: PSY 101 and permission the formal applied research project, students are able to select one
of faculty sponsor. of these two applications: 1) Senior Applied Research and 2) Natural
Field Observational Research. A written reflective paper and a peer
PSY 350 Physiological Psychology 3 Credits evaluation complete the course.
Students study the anatomy and physiology of the brain, spinal cord,
peripheral nervous system, and endocrine system. Study of the
biological systems promotes better understanding of mind-body
PSY 497 Psychology Capstone 3 Credits
This course assists seniors with a psychology minor or concentration
relationships important to hunger, thirst, sex, sleep, emotion, learning,
to make the transition from undergraduate study to a job or to
and memory. Students also examine medical theories, assessment,
graduate study related to psychology. Students will prepare a
and treatments of psychological disorders including new imaging
portfolio of written documents to submit with applications for jobs
technologies and drug therapy.
or admission to graduate study. During the course, students will
prepare a polished sample of their writing to include in this portfolio.
PSY 360 Survey of Mental Health 3 Credits Practitioners in human services and mental health care will be invited
This course examines various mental health services including to discuss their career experiences with students. Students may also
assessment, counseling, psychotherapy, drug therapy, residential share information about job opportunities and programs of graduate
treatment, prevention, and community support. This survey course study, prepare to take the Graduate Record Examination, participate
introduces major perspectives in the delivery of counseling and in job shadowing, and attend regional undergraduate psychology
psychotherapy. Students evaluate the effectiveness of these various conferences. A portion of the course will be allocated to a focus-
treatments based upon results of current outcome research.

Course Descriptions
group discussion of the Ashford University psychology programs religious movements. Course discussion will also include the effects of
for purposes of program assessment. Prerequisites: PSY 101, senior globalization on these religious groups.
standing, and a cumulative GPA of 2.75.
REL 130 Quest for Judaic-Christian Values 3 Credits
PSY 498 Senior Thesis I 2 Credits This course investigates values offered to the world from the writings,
Students demonstrate their mastery of research methods by writing history, major ideas, and practices of Judaism and Christianity. Although
a proposal that includes their research design and a list of references, there are no absolute answers to moral problems, there are absolute
submitting this proposal to the Vice President of Academic Affair’s values. A value is not an answer, but it is that which can lead to an
Council for Internal Review of research with Human Participants, and answer. Examples of absolute values are life, intelligence, dignity,
gathering data for the approved project. Approval of the topic must freedom, courage, sociality, love, hope, justice, and peace. Satisfies
be secured in advance from the psychology faculty member serving General Education requirement to complete a three-credit course
as thesis director. The research proposal must be approved by the with significant Franciscan content. F or S
student’s thesis committee and the Vice President of Academic Affair’s
Council before data gathering begins. Prerequisites: Completed writing
competency, MAT 332, PSY 320, 2.75 CGPA or higher, and senior REL 203 Contemporary Human Problems 3 Credits
standing. F/S The course aims at expanding awareness of the causes of current
problems and conflicts that challenge individuals and society today.
Students participate in research and in group discussions to develop
PSY 499 Senior Thesis II 2 Credits their ability to make creative and responsible moral decisions.
Students complete the senior thesis research as proposed in PSY 498. Consideration of solutions is based on choices that will promote
The completed senior thesis takes the form of a written research greater life, fuller growth of persons, and deeper personal relationships
report in American Psychological Association publication format. The and show concern for the future human community. Satisfies General
student then gives an oral defense of the thesis before his or her thesis Education requirement to complete a three-credit course with
committee. A minimum grade of “C-” is required to meet psychology significant Franciscan content and Applied Ethics competency. F/S
major requirements. Prerequisite: PSY 498 with a minimum grade of
“C-”. F/S
REL 250 Judeo-Christian Thought 3 Credits
This course provides an overview of the literary, historical, and
religious dimensions of the Old and New Testaments and their
REL Religious Studies dominant themes, including redemption, justice, righteousness,
reconciliation, and hope. An examination of Judeo-Christian thought in
relation to contemporary life issues and individual purpose identified
REL 100 Introduction to Theology 3 Credits in related readings.
This course is divided into two parts. The first part explores the
fundamental issues in Christian theology: tradition, story/myth,
revelation and faith, and the role of Sacred Scripture in the formation SCI Science
of community and doctrine. The second part explores how Christians
ought to respond in the moral-spiritual life because of their faith in
Jesus Christ. F SCI 201 Physical Geology 4 Credits
Current scientific understanding of how the earth functions is the
focus of SCI 201.Various patterns from the earth’s history are analyzed
REL 101 Person & Faith 3 Credits in order to develop an understanding of geological terms, concepts and
A study of the faith experience from a psychological perspective. processes.
Theories of a number of theologians and psychologists are considered
in an attempt to bring out the relationship between personal
maturation and faith development. A proper distinction is considered SCI 207 Dependence of Man on the Environment 4 Credits
among faith, religion, and theology. Satisfies General Education In this course, learners deepen their understanding of the importance
requirement to complete a three-credit course with significant of natural resources to mankind. Students explore physical, biological,
Franciscan content. F/S and ecological principles, examine how human alterations affect the
environment, and reflect on the controversies surrounding various
approaches to addressing environmental problems and the steps some
REL 107 Introduction to Sacred Scripture 3 Credits communities have taken to address these challenges.
This course introduces Hebrew and Christian Scripture and explores
their historical, literary, and theological aspects. Incorporated into the
course is some modern critical analysis, surfacing biblical themes and
tracing the faith development of the Israelites and the followers of SOC Sociology
Christ. F or S
SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology 3 Credits
REL 113 Comparative Religions 3 Credits This introductory course presents basic concepts, theories, and
Comparative Religions is an introduction to five of the world’s major research in sociology. Group organization, sex and gender, marriage
religious movements. This course deals substantially with the cultural, and the family, sports as a social institution, and collective behavior are
social, religious, and spiritual foundations of each religion as well as among the topics considered.
contemporary ritual celebration. The focus of study is Judaism, Islam,
Hinduism, Early Christianity, Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, and
Buddhism. SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility 3 Credits
This course introduces the basic ethical concepts and explores
philosophic perspectives for understanding the meaning of social
REL 114 Comparative Religions II 3 Credits responsibility. Topics include ethical theories, the role of government,
This course will survey a number of religious traditions of the world the role of corporations, environmental issues, and ethical integrity
beyond those covered in REL 113 Comparative Religions. These would
include indigenous religions, Jainism and Sikhism from India, Taoism and
Confucianism from China, Shinto, Zoroastrianism, Baha’i, and newer

Course Descriptions
SOC 203 Social Problems 3 Credits SOC 330 Social Justice & Society 3 Credits
Drugs, poverty, illiteracy, homelessness, AIDS, undocumented An interdisciplinary investigation of the concept of social justice.
aliens, single-parent families, urban and farm crises, and racial and The course will incorporate major themes of social teachings such
environmental issues are examined. Possible causes and remedies are as life and dignity of the human person, call to family, community and
scrutinized. participation, rights and responsibilities, options for the poor and
vulnerable, the dignity and right of workers, solidarity, and care for the
environment.
SOC 304 Social Gerontology 3 Credits
The course focuses on social stereotypes and prejudice against the
aged, discrimination, friends and family, care giving, living environments, SOC 331 Social Justice & Ethics 3 Credits
demography, senior political power, legislation, elder abuse, and death This course examines the foundations of social justice theory and their
and dying. application to criminal justice theories and practice. Issues such as
poverty, social policy, diversity, welfare, and alternative social programs
provide students with a working understanding of the interrelation
SOC 305 Crime & Society 3 Credits and copasetic relationship between social and criminal justice issues.
The course considers the basic sociological theories and research Students will also understand ethical applications for both social justice
findings concerning crime. The punishment and corrections process, initiatives as well as the ethics of criminal justice policies and initiatives.
organized crime, corporate crime, the police, the courts and the
impact of crime on the victim are examined.
SOC 340 Managing in Health & Human Services:
SOC 308 Racial & Ethnic Groups 3 Credits An Interdisciplinary Approach 3 Credits
The course considers major racial and ethnic groups, especially African An upper-level management course providing basic management
Americans, Asian Americans, ethnic Whites, Hispanics, and Native theory for the beginning manager. Management challenges, human
Americans. The focus is on the traits of each group and its pattern of service environments, management theories, organizational design,
adaptation to the larger society. program planning and implementing, supervisory relationships,
managing finances, program evaluation, leadership theories, and team
organization are discussed. Assessment of course objectives will be
SOC 312 Child, Family & Society 3 Credits conducted through paper/pencil tests, small-group activities, class
This course provides an overview of the child (infant through participation, and a comprehensive management project. Prerequisite:
elementary) and the reciprocal relationships children develop with SOC 101. (Cross-listed as HCA 340.) F or S
their family, their school, and the world in which they live. Theories
pertaining to the roles and relationships within and between families,
schools, and communities are introduced with an emphasis on SOC 402 Contemporary Social Problems & the Workplace 3 Credits
enabling students to identify family needs and concerns and to use a This course presents an analysis of major contemporary social
variety of collaborative communication and problem-solving skills to problems, especially in the United States. Attention is given to
assist families in finding the best available community resources to the problems of poverty, racism, sexism, drug and alcohol abuse,
meet these needs. Students themselves explore various community and illiteracy, and their impact on the contemporary workplace.
resources that further the development of the child’s potential. Consideration is given to diverse sociological perspectives regarding
the causes, consequences, and solutions to these problems.
SOC 313 Social Implications of Medical Issues 3 Credits

An introductory course that provides learners with a basic foundation SOC 421 Human Services Practicum 3 Credits
of human biology applicable to human service and health and human Students apply the skills and knowledge developed from their study
services providers. The course explores basic human biology and its of human services in a work environment. Course requires 150 hours
relationship to selected socio-cultural domains that are grounded in of supervised, unremunerated work in an approved institution or
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model of Human Development. agency. Prerequisites: Approval of a faculty supervisor, cumulative grade
point average of 2.75 in courses required for the Human Services
concentration, and senior standing. F/S
SOC 315 Cross-Cultural Perspectives 3 Credits
Culture and politics in Europe, Latin America, the Arab world, India,
East Asia, and other areas are examined. Emphasis is on viewing the SOC 490 Social Science Capstone 3 Credits
world from the diverse perspectives of other cultures and political This course requires students to reflect upon and synthesize the major
systems. Topics and regions vary. insights gained in their study of the Social Sciences. A substantive
paper is developed which requires students to critically analyze
their experiences and knowledge in order to build leaders in the
SOC 318 Sociology of Sport 3 Credits interdisciplinary field of Social Science.
The social institution of sport is examined as a microcosm of society.
Consideration is given to the different levels of sport and sports in
relation to social stratification and mobility, big business, mass media,
religion, race, gender, and social discrimination. Prerequisite: Junior SPA Spanish
standing or permission of the instructor. F or S
SPA 103 Beginning Spanish I 3 Credits
SOC 320 Public Policy & Social Services 3 Credits This course is designed for beginning Spanish speakers with no
An examination of public policies and the social services they mandate. previous college course work in Spanish. The goal of this course is
The major focus is on American government policy at all levels and to enable students to acquire a basic mastery of the following four
the detailed content of social services. Some consideration of other language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course will
nations and international agencies is offered. Policies and services emphasize practice of grammar and communication skills.
pertaining to a variety of areas including urban life, poverty, health care,
substance abuse, children, the aged, unemployment, and mental health
are studied. SPA 104 Beginning Spanish II 3 Credits
Continued study of grammar and vocabulary of the Spanish language

Course Descriptions
and study of the Spanish-speaking cultures. Emphasis on speaking, leadership values. Prerequisite: Junior Standing or Permission
reading, and writing skills. Prerequisites: SPA101 or departmental of Instructor.
approval.
SRM 325 Case Research in Sports and Recreation Management 3 Credits
Sports as a subject matter is very ancient and its marketing can be
SPE Speech traced to even its earliest days. However, as an integral portion of
contemporary society, successful sporting events or seasons generally
require professional marketing efforts. Utilizing the principles of
SPE 103 Oral Communication 3 Credits management, marketing and other relevant disciplines this course
Students learn basic theory and practice of oral communication. will use case studies, class discussions, and projects to enhance the
Topics include language, listening, causes of communication breakdown, student’s collective expertise in this area of Sports and Recreation
feedback, nonverbal communication, audience analysis, reasoning, Management.
organization and development of messages, and delivery strategies.
Oral assignments may range from informative, persuasive, and
ceremonial speaking to small group discussion and oral interpretation. SRM 344 Sport & Recreation Management Practicum 1 Credit
F/S Prospective Sports and Recreation Management majors function under
the tutelage of professionals in sports and recreation management and
other related entities. Students complete 52 hours in a professional
SPE 107 Introduction to Speech & Hearing Disorders 3 Credits work environment, provide evidence of learning through a written
This course is designed to acquaint the student with the nature, journal, and keep an up-to-date time sheet. Prerequisite: Qualified
symptoms, causes, effects, and treatment of speech and hearing sophomore or junior student with cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission
problems. Students observe speech and hearing pathologists in a of the supervising faculty member is required.
clinical setting. (Not offered every year) S
SPE 301 Oral Interpretation 3 Credits SRM 350 Organization & Administration of Sport and Athletics 3 Credits
A study of the theory and performance of the art of oral A study of administrative duties, leadership responsibilities, and issues
interpretation as well as a unique approach to analyzing literature of facing sport and athletic administrators. Students will take an in-depth
all types (prose, poetry, and drama). After securing an understanding look at organizing and planning in sport organizations. An emphasis will
of the basic elements of theory, the student applies this knowledge to be placed on understanding the various agencies that govern sport.
communicate effectively a writer’s thoughts, emotions, and manner of The qualifications of staff positions will be addressed; other issues
expression to an audience. Experiences range from the presentation include policy development, budgeting, finance, liability, ethics, and office
of children’s literature to drama and include solo, duet, and group management. Prerequisite: Junior standing. F
performances. Prerequisite: SPE 103 or permission of the instructor. S
SRM 352 Administration of Athletic & Recreation Facilities 3 Credits
SPE 315 Business & Professional Speaking 3 Credits A look at various methods of administration of athletic and
An analysis of communication theory applied to the organizational recreational facilities. The legal issues will be addressed, and
setting with practical experience in several forms of oral students will examine the concepts of marketing, public relations,
communication found in the business and professional worlds: communication, and the economics of sport. A practical look at the
interviewing, group discussions, conflict resolution, informative purchase, care, and maintenance of equipment is included. Prerequisite:
and persuasive speaking, impromptu speaking, and special occasion Junior standing. S
speeches. Prerequisites: SPE 103 or permission of the instructor. S
SRM 410 Contemporary Issues in
Sports Marketing and Management 3 Credits
SRM Sport and Recreation Management Sport has become a major business enterprise in the United States
and in much of the world. This course helps students understand the
scope of the sport industry, to include identifying career opportunities
SRM 210 Introduction to History of Recreation & Sport 3 Credits in various segments of the sport industry. The course also examines
This course examines the history, philosophy, and principles of the managerial process to include the functions of management, as well
recreation and sport. Themes will include the relationship of recreation as the roles, skills, and attributes required of sport managers. Special
and sport to society, orientation of the student to the profession, attention is given to examining the unique characteristics of sport and
and trends within the field. Students will examine specific problems the resulting social and ethical responsibilities of sport managers.
in recreation and sport as related to professional improvement and
growth. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing. S
SRM 420 Internship in Sport & Recreation Management 3 Credits
Students complete a minimum of 150 hours of internship activity;
SRM 244 Sport & Recreation Management Practicum 1 Credit responsibilities will include the development of a portfolio reflective
Prospective Sports and Recreation Management majors function under of management and administrative skills in a professional setting. In
the tutelage of professionals in sports and recreation management and addition to the portfolio, students complete an approved project that
other related entities. Students complete 52 hours in a professional benefits the internship site. Prerequisites: Senior standing, PED 350 or
work environment, provide evidence of learning through a written PED352, approval of the University Supervisor, 2.7 Cumulative GPA.
journal, and keep an up-to-date time sheet. Prerequisite: Qualified
sophomore or junior student with cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission
of the supervising faculty member is required. SRM 450 Sport & Recreation Management Seminar 15 Credits
Students will complete 450 hours during the internship semester. A
portfolio with artifacts depicting knowledge and application of skills in:
SRM 320 Organization and Administration of Management, Organizational Behavior, Marketing, Media Presentation,
Sports and Recreation Management 3 Credits Fiscal Operation, and Facility Administration will be the primary
Reviews the principles of organizational structure and behavior assessment of outcome for students. Prerequisites: Senior standing,
within sport organizations. Topics include organizational policies and PED 350 or 352, approval of University Supervisor, and 2.7 Cumulative
procedures, organizational effectiveness, communication networks, and GPA.

Course Descriptions
SVC Service
SVC 205 Leadership Practicum 2 Credits
Leadership SVC 205 is an innovative service learning experience
that incorporates Franciscan values and leadership skills in theory
and practice. Course content includes topics such as accountability,
character building, diversity and inclusivity, effective communication,
empowerment, healthy choices, response-ability, teamwork, and time
management. Prerequisites: Must be/becoming an active member in a
club, organization, or recognized sport at the University and must be
at least a sophomore.
SVC 305 Leadership Practicum 2 Credits

Leadership SVC 305 is a two-part practicum that provides not
only hands-on experience in chairing sub-committees, conducting
meetings, planning and facilitating small- and large-group activities
and coordinating service projects but also the practice of critiquing/
evaluating the experience. Course content includes topics such as
conflict resolution, personal and professional integrity, positive role
modeling, and team dynamics. Prerequisites: Must successfully complete
SVC 205 level course and continue active participation in a club,
organization, or recognized sport. Students must have a minimum of a
2.5 cumulative GPA.
XXX Special Topics

Subject code of course will vary based on department offering the
special topic course.
XXX 209 Special Topics 1-3 Credits

A course built around a topic not covered by existing course offerings.
The nature of the course will be determined in advance by the faculty
member and student. Normally restricted to sophomores or higher.
May be repeated to a maximum of six credit hours if the subject
matter is not duplicated. Prerequisite: Written permission of the
instructor.

Course description is the same as for 209. If the course is taken as
309, upper-division course guidelines will be followed. Prerequisites:
Written permission of the instructor and the Vice President of
Academic Affairs.

Course description is the same as for 209. If the course is taken as
409, upper-division course guidelines will be followed. Prerequisites:
Written permission of the instructor and the Vice President of
Academic Affairs.

A graduate level course on a topic selected by a Ashford University
faculty member and approved by the Vice President of Academic
Affairs. May be repeated with a change of subject matter. Prerequisite:
Graduate standing (i.e., possession of a bachelor’s degree).

Board of Trustees
Dino D’Auria, Chairman
Section Eleven Dino D’Auria is the Senior Vice President/Commercial Division
Manager of San Diego National Bank, and serves as the
Chairman of the Board of Trustees. In this position at San Diego
National Bank, Mr. D’Auria also serves on the Bank’s Senior
Management Team. Mr. D’Auria brings 16 years experience in
banking to his post. Mr. D’Auria served as past board president
for the Association for Corporate Growth and was the former
chair of the Junior Achievement board of directors. He received
his MBA from University of Southern California, and his
Bachelor’s degree from California State University, Fullerton.
Andrew Clark
Mr. Clark is the CEO of Ashford University. Previous to
joining Ashford, Mr. Clark has held several high level positions
within higher education institutions. His career in higher
education spans a 16-year period. Mr. Clark holds a MBA from
University of Phoenix, and earned his BS from Pacific Lutheran
University.
Sister Ruth Cox

Sister Ruth Cox presently serves as an Adjunct Faculty at
Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Previous
to her role with Kirkwood Community College, Sister Ruth
served as President and CEO of The Alverno in Clinton, Iowa.
She has served professionally in many roles, including the
University
Leadership Council of the Sisters of St. Francis and the Iowa
Advisory Board for the Iowa Foundation for Medical Care.
Sister Ruth has delivered numerous papers and presentations on
Personnel
the topic of nursing. Her many academic assignments include
the Curriculum Committee for the College of Nursing at Loyola
University of Chicago, among others. Sister Ruth holds a Ph.D.
from University of Iowa, and earned her MA and BS from
Loyola University of Chicago.
Peter Ewell
Dr. Peter Ewell is Vice President of the National Center for
Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS). He has
served professionally as Member of the Board for the American
Association of Higher Education (AAHE), the Council on
Adult and Experiential Learning (CAEL) and the Board of
Governors of Truman State University. Dr. Ewell was honored
with the Virginia B. Smith Innovative Leadership Award, and
has published numerous papers on higher education. He earned
his Ph.D. and M.Phil. from Yale University, and his BA from
Haverford College.
Jane McAuliffe
Dr. Jane McAuliffe currently serves as President of Ashford
University. She earned a Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction/
Special Education from Arizona State University. She also
earned her Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees focused in the
area of Special Education. Her professional career began as
a special education teacher and her experience includes both
public and private K-12 schools. Prior to her appointment with
Ashford University, she served as President of the Sarasota
campus of Argosy University in Sarasota, Florida. She
held various positions at Argosy University including Vice
President for Academic Affairs in Sarasota and Department
Head for Education in Atlanta. Her experience also includes
serving as Vice President for Academic Affairs at American
InterContinental University, Dean, Associate Dean, and Program
Chair in the College of Education at University of Phoenix.
She is the co-author of one book and has presented numerous
scholarly presentations in the course of her professional career.
249
University Personnel
Peter J. Negroni Donna Oliver J. William Wenrich
Dr. Peter J. Negroni is Senior Vice Donna Oliver is the President and CEO J. William Wenrich, PhD, is Chancellor
President of Relationship Development of Mercy Medical Center in Clinton, Emeritus of the Dallas County
at the College Board. A career educator Iowa. Previous to joining Mercy Medical Community College District, the largest
with more than 30 years experience as a Center, she held various senior level undergraduate institution in the state
teacher and administrator, Dr. Negroni positions in the health care industry. Ms. of Texas. As Chancellor, Dr. Wenrich
began his career in education as a Oliver has earned several prestigious oversees seven community colleges,
New York City teacher before moving awards, including the St. Joseph Health an economic development institute,
into administrative roles, including System Excellence Award. She is active and an advanced center for educational
principal and community college district in the community, currently serving as a telecommunications. He is the author
superintendent. From 1989 through 2000, Board Member of the Clinton Chamber of more than 20 scholarly research
he was superintendent of the Springfield of Commerce. Ms. Oliver holds a MBA articles, studies, and reports on subjects
(Mass.) public school system. In 1998, from Pepperdine University and a BA relevant to academia and higher-
he was named Superintendent of the Year from Central Washington. education administration. He also serves
by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. as Vice Chair of the Alliance for Higher
Dr. Negroni earned a Bachelor’s degree Karen Steinberg Education in North Texas, and is a former
from Iona College in New Rochelle, Ms. Steinberg is the Executive Vice board member of the American Council
N.Y., a sixth-year certificate in student President for the Council for Adult on Education. Dr. Wenrich completed
administration from City College of and Experiential Learning (CAEL). As his undergraduate studies through an
New York and a doctorate from Fairleigh Executive Vice President, she acts as academic scholarship to Princeton
Dickenson University in Teaneck, N.J. the CFO of the organization and has University, and while earning his PhD at
responsibility for operations. Previous University of Michigan, he was awarded
to her current position with CAEL, Ms. the Hinsdale Scholar Award for top PhD
Steinberg was a Senior Vice Chancellor candidate in Education.
with the United States Open University
(USOU). Ms. Steinberg holds a MBA
from University of Nevada and earned
her BA from the California State
University at Chico.
Ashford University Administration Faculty

John Ballheim, MAEd William C. Lowe, PhD Kristin Abraham
Vice President/Campus Director Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences English
B.A. Central Michigan University
Larry Barker, MA Jane McAuliffe, PhD M.F.A. West Virginia University
Divisional Vice President of Admissions President
Mary Alexander
Trish Brondyke, BA Charles R. Minnick, PhD Education
Controller–Iowa Dean of the College of Business B.A.M. University of Phoenix
and Professional Studies M.A. Saybrook Graduate School
Jeff Cross, MBA
Vice President of Admissions Kirk Morrison, MBA Ed Askew
University Registrar Chemistry
Hope Gardina, DBA B.S. Northwest Missouri State University
Vice President of Academic Affairs Joen Rottler, EdD B.S. Northwest Missouri State University
Dean of the College of Education Ph.D. University of Arkansas
Sean Gousha, BBA
Vice President of Student Services Mitchell Thomas, BA Terri Bousselot
Vice President of Iowa Online Center Education
K.C. Haight, MBA B.A. Mount St. Clare College
Associate Vice President of Corporate Elizabeth Tice, PhD M.A. National Lewis University
and Military Development Provost
Mike Burton
Business and Philosophy
B.A. University of Notre Dame
J.D. Valparaiso University
Clarke Christian
English
B.A. Mount St. Clare College
M.A. National-Louis University
M. Diane Cornilsen
Computer Information Systems
B.A. University of Northern Iowa
M.S.Ed. Northern Illinois University

University Personnel
Ted H. Eilders William McCue, OSF George Sztajer

Social Studies and Psychology Philosophy Business
B.A., M.A. Concordia University B.S. Creighton University B. A. University of Illinois
M.Div. Wartburg Theological Seminary M.A. University of Notre Dame M.B.A. Eastern Illinois University
Ph.D. University of Iowa
Charles Minnick Shukhrat Usmanov
Robert A. Engelson Dean, College of Business and Mathematics
Music Professional Studies B.S., M.S. Tashkent State University
B.A. Augsburg College B.A., M.B.A. St. Ambrose (now National University of Uzbekistan)
M.F.A. University of Minnesota Ph.D. Walden University Ph.D. North Dakota University
D.M.A. Arizona State University
Jenny Pauckner David Ward, C.P.A.
Edward Gall Art Accounting and Management
Philosophy and Religion B.A. Marion College B.S. Kansas State University
B.S. Wilkes University M.F.A. Indiana State University M.B.A. St. Ambrose University
M.S. Clemson University
M.Div. Covenant Theological Seminary Marie Barbara Philibert Rebecca Wardlow
Health Care Education
Sarah Gall B.S.N. Marycrest College B.A. San Diego State University
Biology M.A., Ph.D. University of Iowa M.A. University of California, Riverside
B.S. Rhoades College Ed.D. University of California,
Ph.D. Washington University School David Quinn San Diego
of Medicine Education
B.S. Eastern Illinois University Charles C. West,
Tyrus Goshay M.A. Truman State University C.P.A., C.M.A., C.F.M.
Computer Graphics Ed.S. University of Iowa Accounting
B.F.A. Illinois Institute of Art– Ph.D. University of Iowa A.A. Elgin Community College
Schaumburg B.S. University of Illinois
M.A. Ashford University Mike S. Reilly M.M. Northwestern University
Business
Gary Heath B.A. Union Institute Dianne Willging
Sociology M.A. National University Education
B.A., M.A., Ph.D. University of Ph.D. Walden University B.A. University of Iowa
California at Berkeley M.S. Western Illinois University
Carl Robinson
John Ivens English Mike Wiseman
Psychology B.A. Randolph-Macon History
B.A. Illinois Wesleyan University M.A. Virginia Polytechnic Institute B.A. University of Wyoming
M.A. University of Texas at El Paso and State University M.A. University of Wyoming
Ph.D. Rutgers University Ph.D. Kent State University Ph.D. University of Iowa
Theresa Judge, OSF Joen Rottler Laurie Zahn

English Dean, College of Education Education
A.A. Mount St. Clare College B.A Buena Vista College B.A. Concordia University
B.A. Marycrest College M.S. Iowa State University M.Ed. Western Illinois University
M.A. Western Illinois University Ed.D. Univeristy of Northern Iowa
John W. Zimmerman
Glen A. Just Tamara Schnepel Biology
Mathematics Criminal Justice A.A. Northeastern Oklahoma
B.S.Ed., M.Ed. Columbus College B.A. Marycrest College Agricultural and Mechanical College
M.A. St. Ambrose University B.S., M.S. Oklahoma State University
Amy Kramer Ph.D. North Carolina State University
Business Marilyn Shea, OSF
B.A. Mount St. Clare College Education
M.A. University of Phoenix A.A. Mount St. Clare College
Ph.D. Capella University B.S. Cardinal Stritch College
M.Ed. Marquette University
William C. Lowe
Dean, College of Arts and Sciences, Raymond Smith
History Business and Mathematics
A.B. College of William and Mary B.A. University of Iowa
M.A., Ph.D. Emory University M.A. Central Michigan University
Cynthia Martinek David L. Stedwell

Associate Dean, Education Computer Graphics
B.A., M.A. Iowa State University B.A. University of Iowa
Ed.D. Drake University M.A. Ball State University

Ashford University Catalog

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Ashford University Catalog

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2009-2010 Academic Catalog

Effective July 1, 2009

Health and Safety 5

Student Rights & Responsibilities 19

Campus Student Life 49

Academic Information and Policies – General 59

On-Campus Traditional Undergraduate Programs 75

2009-2010 Academic Catalog iii

Center for External Studies Undergraduate Programs 139

2009-2010 Academic Catalog v

Center for External Studies Graduate Programs 185

2009-2010 Academic Catalog vii

Course Descriptions 199

viii Ashford University

University Personnel 249

2009-2010 Academic Catalog ix

Introduction To foster intellectual and personal growth, sensitivity to

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 3

Campus Security Office

Safety have no official arrest powers. City, county, or state

Security Officer Access on Campus

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 7

Missing Student Notification • Immediately report all thefts, harassing phone

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 9

For Non-emergency Help:

Firearms/Explosives The federal government passed the Uniform Drinking Age

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 11

Health Risks of Drugs and Alcohol Heroin

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 13

Counseling, Treatment, and Genesis Multiple Addictions Recovery Center (MARC)

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 15

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 17

Student Rights & of the disability must be provided by a qualified health

Responsibilities the disability upon the student’s educational endeavor.

The Family Educational Rights

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 21

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 25

• Challenge the membership of the hearing board; Misconduct

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 27

• Personal use that creates a direct cost for the

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 29

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 31

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 33

• The student shall be notified verbally or in Procedures for a formal hearing:

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 35

Graduation/Completion Rate by Gender

Graduation/Completion Rate by Race or Ethnic Group

Graduation/Completion Rate by Financial Aid Category

* The number of students in this group is not large enough

On-Campus Traditional Programs

Room & Board Fees:

Sponsored professional training Fees:

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 39

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 41

Subsidized/ Additional Unsubsidized

Federal Stafford Aggregate Loan Limits:

Undergraduate $31,000 $34,500 $57,500

$65,500 $73,000 $138,500

Ashford University Military Students enrolled in an undergraduate program offered

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 43

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 45

Institutional Tuition Refund Policy Dismissal/Expulsion

Ashford University Tuition Refund Schedule

2009-2010 Academic Catalog 47

Health and Safety 5

Student Rights & Responsibilities 19

Campus Student Life 49

Academic Information and Policies – General 59

On-Campus Traditional Undergraduate Programs 75

Center for External Studies Undergraduate Programs 139

Center for External Studies Graduate Programs 185

Course Descriptions 199

University Personnel 249

Undergraduate $31,000  $34,500  $57,500

Campus Offices Campus Security Office (563) 242-2752