Физика 10-11 Задачник - Степанова - 2000 - Решения задач - 1-1789

10-11
10-11
.. ,
.: , 2000 .
1. ) , .. ;
) , .. ;
) , .. - ;
) , .. ,
;
) , .. .
2. ) ;
) , ..
;
) ;
) , ..

3.
) ;
) ;
4. (-100; 75),
K(-75; 50),
F(125; -25),
) ;
) .
(100; 75),
M(75; 0),
N(125; 25).
5. XOY: A(3; 3),
(100; -75)
L(-50; -25),
) ;
D(-100; -75),
E(-125; 50),
XOY: A(-10; 5).
6. XOY: A(8; 2),
B(16; 4) XOY: A(-3; -1),

XOY: A(0; 15),
B(20; 20)
, .
B(1; 0)
7. , ,
.
8. 2,5 2 = 5. 0.
9. A(-6; 2),
C(-6; 8), D(6; 8), B(6; -4)

S = |AC| + |CD| + |DB| = |8 2| + |6 (-6)| + |(-4) 8| = 30
| S | =| AB |= (6 ( 6)) 2 + ((4) 2) 2 = 6 5 .
: 30, 6 5 .
10. S io (i = 1,2 6) ,
|S i | , S ix S iy
| Si |= (S i 0 x S i1x ) 2 + (S i 0 y S i1y ) 2
S i1 ,
S i0x
S i0y
S i1x
S i1y
|S i |,
S ix
S iy
1
2
3
4
-5
-3
4
1
3
-5
-2
3
-1
-3
1
4
3
-1
-2
1
4
4
3
4
0
-3
3
0
4
0
-2
-1
-2
-3
2 5
-2
10
-3
-1
S ix = S i1x S i0x ,
13
S iy = S i1y S i0y.
11. | S | = 4 2 + ( 3) 2 = 5.
12. | S | = ( 8) 2 + 6 2 = 10.
13.
| S | = (5 ( 1)) 2 + (3 2) 2 = 37
S x = S (-1) = 6
S y = 3 2 = 1.
14. S = | S | + | S | = |2 + | 6 = 28
| S | = 12 2 + 16 2 = 20.
15. .
180 > > 180 30 = 150
90 .
16. , .. .
17. , .. 1 /
.
18. = -270 + 12t

(0) = -270 + 12 0 = -270
x(20) = -270 + 12 20 = -30

v x = 12
S(20) = |-30 (-270)| = 240
= 0
0 = -270 + 12t
12t = 270
19. x = 150 10t.

x(0) = 150 10 0 = 150
v = -10 /
100 = 150 10t
10t = 50
t = 5
20. x = 20t
x(0) = 20 0 = 0
v = 20 /
x(15) = 300
x(15) = 20 15 = 300
x = 100

t = 5
21. x = 500 20t
;x = -300 + 10t
x (5) = 500 20 5 = 400.
x (5) = -300 + 10 5 = -250.
x = 0
500 20t = 0
t = 25
x = 0
-300 + 10t = 0
t = 30.
x = x
500 20t = -300 + 10t
30t = 800
t=
80
26,7
3
x =
80
10 300 =
3
80
20 + 500 -33
3
1,5 = 90
r(90) = |x (90) x (90)| = |500 20 90 (-300) 10 90| =

= |-1900| = 1900.
22. .
x 1 = 12t,
x 2 = 120 10t
v A = 12 /
x , x 1 = x 2
12t = 120 10t

22t = 120
x = 12
t=
120
22
t 5,45
120
65,45
22
23. t 10 < t 21 ,
t 20 < t 11 , .
x 1 = 72t
t1 =
x1
72
x 2 = 40 + 30 54t
70 x 2
54
41,75 31,3125
t 11 =
=
72
54
70 39,25 31,75
=
t 21 =
54
54
t2 =
39,25 29,4375
=
72
54
70 41,75 29,25
=
t 20 =
54
54
t 10 =
t 10 < t 21
t 20 < t 11
.
24.

d = 20 + 2 = 22, .. 300 2 = 298,
22 .
S2 =
S1
V1
V2 =
298
80 397,3,
60
.. 100.
100 > 22, , .
25. I , II .
100
x 1 = 0 ;x 2 = 100
t = 100 5t
20
t = 20 .
x(0) = 10
x(t) = 10 v = 0 /
II x(0) = 0
x(t) = t
v = 1 /
III x(0) = 10
x(t) = 10 1,5t
v = -1,5 /
:
III
t = 10,
x = 10
IIII
t = 0,
x = 10
IIIII
t 4,
x4
:
(t; x)
III
10 = t
t = 10,
x = 10 1 = 10
(10; 10)
IIII
10 = 10 1,5t
t = 0,
x = 10
(0; 10)
IIIII
t = 10 15t
t = 4,
x=14=4
(4; 4)
27. .
26. I
x 1 (0) = 200; v 1 =
x 2 (0) = 120 ;
40 200
= -40 /
4
40 120
v2 =
= -20 /
4
x 1 = 200 40t x 2 = 120 20t

200 40t = 120 20t
x1 = X2
x = 200 40 4 = 40
(t; x),
(4; 40)
28. x 1 = -100 + 15t

x 2 = 50 + 5t
x 3 = -10t
20t = 80
t = 4
x 2 x1 220 20
=
=
20
t 2 t1
=100 /
x = 20 + 100t
29. v =
100
x 2 x1 30 0 30
/
=
=
y y1 10 30 40
/
vy = 2
=
=
50
/.
v = v x2 + v 2y = 30 2 + ( 40 ) 2 =
30. v x =
31. v,
v=
( x2 x1 )2 ( y2 y1 )2
+
=
t
t
(100 60 )2 ( 80 100)2
+
= 10 5 22,3 / = 80,3/ > 60/
2
2
.
=
32. .. ,
y,
V x
vx =
100 60
= 20 /
2
x(2 + 4) = x(6) = 100 + 4 20 = 260

x = 220 < 260, .. .
33.
;

;
2) .
34. .
35. , ,
r() = 2r().
36. )
) 120 /
) 90 + 80 = 170 /.
1)
37. v n = 1,5 / v m
v m
4
= 1/
4
2
vm
+ v n2 = 1,5 2 + 12 1,8 /
S = vt = 1 4 = 4
S = vt = 0 4 = 0
S = vt = 1,8 4 = 7,2
S = vt = 1,5 4 = 6
38. v . = 10 / + 6 / = 16 /
39. ) v = v c + v p = 1000 + 1000 = 2000 /
) v = v c v p = 1000 1000 = 0 /
) v =
vc2 + v 2p = 1600 2 + 1000 2 1414 /.
40. v = v2 + v 2 = 4 2 + 3 2 = 5 /.
41. v = v v = 15 9 = 6 /
42. v = v 1 + v 2 = 54 + 72 = 126 / = 35 /
t=
l
150
=
4,3 : 4,3.
v 35 /
43.
V 1 = 54 / = 15 /
2l
t=
v = v 1 v 2
v
t=
2l
2 150
=
= 60c
v1 v 2 15 10
: 60.
44. t = t . 30
l
t =
v =2v = 2 2 = 4 /
v
30
= 7,5 /
4
S = vt = 5/ 7,5 = 37,5
t =
45. v =
l
1
v = v + v =
10
;v =
: 37,5.
l
3
l l 4
+ = l
1 3 3
t=
l
3
= . 45.
4l
4
3
46. ,
S = Scos
AScos
47. tg =
v = v k =
vk
= Av k S
cos
vk
= Av k cos
cos
vk
6
= =3
v 2
= arctg3 713
48. ) v c = 5 /
)
)
v 5
5
=
= arcsin 33,7
v 9
9
) , , , 5 /,
) sin =
v =
v c2 5 2 0 , v > 5 /.
49. x(0) = 500 100 = 400

500 200 100
1
1
= 10 3 = 13 /
50
30
3
3
1
x = x 0 vt = 400 13 t
3
v = v v =
11
0 ( 100 )
t = 100 + 20t
5
) . x = 10t .x = 10t + (100) + 20t = 100 + 30t
) . x = 10t .x = 10t + (100) + 20t = 100 + 10t
50. x 2 = 0
51. v c =
S1 + S 2 S1 + v 2 t 2 90 + 3 50
=
=
= 48 /
2+5
t1 + t 2
t1 + t 2
52. S 1 = S 2
53. v =
x = 100 +
v=
2 v1v2 2 30 20
S1 + S2
=
=
= 24 /
S1 S 2
30 + 20
v
1 + v2
+
v1 v2
S
S
3S
S2 =
S =
S1 S2 1
4
4
+
v1 v2
S2
S S1
=
v 2 v c v1
v2 =
S2
S S1
vc v1
3
S
4
S
S
40 4 60
= 48
3
= 36 /
4
54. , , ..
v v 0 , v v 0 .
, v 0 , , v c = v A ,
.. ,, ,
,
mv 2
2
55. t ADC < t ABC

v v 0 20 0
= 2 / 2
=
t
10
v v 0 30 0
= 15c
t=
=
56. =
108 / = 30 /
: 2 / 2 , 15.
57. v = v 0 + at = 10 + 0,5 20 = 20 /
58. t =
v1 v 0 30 15
= 30c
=
0 ,5
: 30.
v v 0 10 0
= 1 / 2 ,
=
t
10
v = 15 + 10 = 5 /
v 0 = 15 /
59. =
12
5 ( 15 )
= 1/ 2 , .. .
10
60.
) ;
) v 0 = 10/
) = 2 / 2
) v(5) = 10 + 2 5 = 20 /,
v(10) = 10 + 2 10 = 30/
61. ) ;
) v 0 = 10 /;
) = 2 / 2 ,
) = 2 / 2
)
v0
) v(2) = 10 2 2 = 6 /
v (8) = 10 2 8 = 6 /
2 8
|v| = 6 /,
) , v = 0
62. )
) v 0 = 10 /
40 10
3,33 / 2
) =
9
) v = 10 + 3,33t
v(2) = 10 + 3,33 2 = 16,7 /
v(5) = 10 + 3,33 5 = 26,7 /
13
63.
0 15
= 5 / 2
5
v = 0, -
v 0 = 15 /
v = 15 5t
.
64. I. v 0 = 0
a=
x(t) = v 0 t +
20 0
= 1/ 2
20
at 2
1 2
+ x0 =
t + x 01
2
2
II. v 0 = 20
a=
0 20
= 2 / 2
10
2t 2
+ x 02 = 20t t 2 + x 02
2
, v 1 = v 2 .
65. I.
v 0 = 10 /
=0
x = 10t + x 01
II.
0 20
= 2 / 2
v 0 = 20 /
a=
20
1
x = 20t t 2 + x 02
2
III.
1 2
( 15 )
= 1 / 2
a=
x = 15t +
t + x 03
v 0 = 15 v/c
15
2
I II , .. x 01
x 02 .
66. = 2 / 2 v = v 0 + at = 10 + 2t
x(t) = 20t
66
67
67. = 1 / 2 v = 5 t ,
, x v
14
68. 0 5 10 15 , 5 10
.
I. a = 0
v = 5 /
5 5
= 2 / 2
v = S 2(t 5) = 5 + 10 2t = 15 2t
II. a =
10 5
III. a = 0
v = 5 /
69. I. 0 5
= 2 / 2
v = 10 + 2t
v(5) = 10 + 2 5 = 20 /
II. 5 10
=0
v = 20 /
III. 10 15
= 2 / 2
v = 20 2(t 10) = 20 + 20 2t = 40 2t
70. 10 20 =0 v = const, .. 0 10
>0 (=1),
10.
71. S = v 0 t +
0,1 =
a 12
2
72. S = v 0 t +
73. S = v 0 t +
=
at 2
2
2 25
5
S = 0,1,
a = 0,2 / 2
v0 = 0
S(3) =
at 2
at 2
;v 0 = 0; S =
2
2
at 2
2
= 2 / 2
v0 = 0
S=
0 ,2 3 2
at 2
=
= 0,9
2
2
t=
at 2
2
t = 1c
2S
2 100
=
= 20c
0 ,5
=
2S
t2
v(10) = at = 2 10 = 20 /
15
74. a =
v v 0 0 15
= 1,5 / 2
=
t
10
S = v0t +
1,5 10 2
at 2
= 15 10
= 75.
2
2
75. S = v 0 t +
at 2
at 2
=
, .. v 0 = 0
2
2
a=
v v0 v
= , .. v 0 = 0
t
t
v
a
v2
v2
a
a=
S= =
2
2a
2S
t=
v
;
a
a=
10 2
at 2
= 0,05 / 2 S = 2 =
2 1000
2
2S
=
a
t =
2 2000
283c
0,05
v = at = 0,05 283 = 14,15 /
v = v v = 14,15 10 = 4,15 /.
76. S(4) S(3) = 7

S=
at 2
, .. v 0 = 0
2
32
a 42
=7
2
2
14
= 2 / 2
a=
a(16 9) = 14 / 2
7
S(4) S(3) =
S(10) =
77. =
2 10 2
at 2
=
= 100
2
2
v v 0 19 15 4
=
=
t
t
t
S = v0t +
4
at 2
, .. t =
2
a
v = at = 2 10 = 20 /.
4
a
t=
4
a
4
S = v0
+
a
2
2
v 0 = 15 /
60 8
+ = 340

16
4
a
4
+
= 340
15
a
2
68
68
= 340
=
= 0,2 / 2
340
= 340
t=
4
4
=
= 20c.
a
0,2
78. S = v 0 t +
S = v0t +
at 2
2
a=
v v0
t
2
t
(v + v 0 )
2
v v0
82
= 0,3 / 2
a=
=
t
20
S1 =
S1 + S 2 + S 3
t1 + t 2 + t 3
S = v0t +
(v v 0 )t 2
t
2
v v0
)
2 2
2 100
2S
8 = 2 /
v0 =
v=
t
20
S = t(v 0 +
S=
79. v =
v v0
t
5 = 300
a1t1 2 2 / ( 5 ) 2
=
= 25,
2
2
S 2 = vt 2 = 10 300 = 3000;
a 3 t 3 2 0 ,5 10 2
=
= 25
2
2
S = 25 + 3000 + 25 = 3050.
S3 =
v = a 1 t 1 = 2 5 = 10 /
3 =
v1 v 15 10
= 0,5 / 2
=
t3
10
25 + 3000 + 25
= 9,68 /
5 + 300 + 10
at 2
+ X 0 V x = 10 + 3t
2
V 0 = 10 /
= 3 / 2
3
3
= 10t + t 2 + 0 = 10t + t 2
2
2
80. = V 0 t +
X(5) = 10 +
3 2
15 = 187,5
2
S =X(15)X(0)=187,5 0 =187,5.
17
81. ) ;
2
t
2
) V = V 0 + at = 5 + 2t;
) = 2/ 2 ;
)
) = 0 + V 0 t +
X 0 = 20,
V 0 = 5/,
= 2 /;
2 32
= 44;
2
) S(3) = X(3) X(0) = 44 20 = 24;
) = |S| = 24.
) (3) = 20 + 5 3 +
82. ) = 0 + V 0 t +
2
t ;
2
V 0 = 3 /
0 = 1 / 2 ;
) 0 = 15,
) V = V 0 + at = 3 + t
) V(2) 1 /, V(4) 1 /
: V(2) = 3 + 2 = 1 /, V(4)=3 + 4 = 1 /
2 4 ,
.
) (3) = 15 3 3 + 0,5 3 2 = 10,5
S(3) = |X(3) X(0)| = |10,5 15| = 4,5
) S(6) = |X(6) X(0)| = |15 3 6 + 0,5 6 2 15| = 0
) (6) = S(t) + S( t 6), t ,
V=0
V = 3 + t 0 = 3 + t
t = 3c
18
S(3) = 4,5 ( ))
S( 3 6) = |S(6) S(3)| = |0 4,5| = 4,5
= 4,5 + 4,5 = 9.
83. )
)
)
)
)
)
= 0 + Vt +
0 = 24
V 0 = 10 /
= 2 /
V = V 0 + at = 10 2t,
V(2) = 10 2 2 = 6 /
2
t
2
= 2/ 2
V(4) = 10 2 4 = 2 /
, .. <0
) S(10) = |X(10) X(0)| = |24 + 10 10 10 2 24| = 0
) (10) = (t) + ( t 10), t , V=0
V = V 0 + at = 10 2t
10 2t = 0,
t = 5c
(5) = S(5) = |X(5) X(6)| = 24 + 10 5 5 2 24 = 25
( 8 10) = |S(10) S(5)| = |0 25| = 25
(10) = 25 + 25 = 50
)
)
84. .
1 = 10t + 0,4t 2 ,
: 1 = 2
X 2 = 6t + 2t 2
10t + 0,4t 2 = 6t + 2t 2
16t = 1,6t 2
t1 = 0
16 = 1,6t
t 2 = 10
X(0) = 10 0 + 0,4 0 2 = 0
(t; X) = (0; 0) (10; 140)
V = V 0 + at
X(10) = 10 10 + 0,4 10 2 = 140
V 1 = V 01 + a 1 t
V 1 = 10 + 0,8t
V 2 = V 02 + a 2 t
V 2 = 6 + 4t
19
V1 = V2
10 + 0,8t = 6 + 4t
16 = 3,2t
t = 5c
V(5) = 10 + 0,8 5 = 14 /
r(5) = |X 1 (5) X 2 (5)| = |10 5 + 0,5 5 2 (6) 5 2 5 2 | =
=|50 + 10 + 30 50| = 40.
85. I.
II.
V 1 = V 0 + at = 2 + 0,4t, V 2 = 4
X 1 = X 2 = X
2t + 0,2t 2 = 80 4t
0,2t 2 + 6t 80 = 0
D = 6 2 4 0,2 (80) = 100
t1 =
6 + 100
= 10c,
2 0,2
6 100
= 40c
2 0 ,2
t2 < 0, , , t. = 10.
. = (10) = 2 + 0,2 10 2 = 40.
r 1,2 = |X 1 X 2 | = |2t + 0,2t 80 + 46| = |0,2t + 6t 80|
.. 10 , r = 0
t2 =
at 2
= 2 10 + 0,2 10 2 = 40
2
S 2 = V 02 t = 4 10 = 40.
S 1 = V 01 t +
86.

2 .
V 1 = V 0 at 2 ,
V 2 = V 0 ,
r = S1 S2 = V0t
at 2
2
S2 = V2 V0t
S1 = V0t
at 2
at 2
(V 0 t) = 2V 0 t
2
2
t = 60c
V 0 = 10 /
V V0 0 10 1
=
=
= / 2
t
60
6
1
2 = 2 10 60
60 2 ,
62
2 = 900
2 =1200 300
= 450
87. V( )
V = 0,
20
2V. 2V, V, .
88. V =
1
,
12
k =
1
= 2,
0 ,5
V =
89. V =
= 2V =
1
= 25
0 ,04
1
1
=
0,017
60
2
2
0,105 /
=
=
T
60 c 30
V = r = 0,105/ 0,1 = 0,0105 /

=
V 2 ( 0 ,0105 ) 2
=
= 1,1 10 3 / 2
0,1
r
2 2 3,14
=
= 1,74 10 3 /
3600
4,5 = 7,9 10 3 /
90. = 60 = 3600, =
V = r =1,74 10 3
91. V = r
=
= 2 r =
0 ,4 /
0,8
3,14 0 ,16
92. V 1 = V 2 ,
V 3 = V 4 , 2 = 3
V 2 = V 1 = 1 r 1 3 = 2 =
v 4 = V 3 = 3 r 3 =
4 =
V2 1 r1
=
r2
r2
1 r1r3
rr
V
4 = 4 = 1 1 3
r2
r4
r2 r4
rr
4 2 1r1 r3
1200 8 11
=60 / = 1
=
=1 1 3 4 =
2
2r2 r4
r2 r4
32 55
93. V = r,
1
2
3
4
5
d
V
, =
2
d
=
R,
0,5
0,1
0,5
2
0,9
V
r
r=
,
2
0,006
0,63
4
0,02
1
T
, /
3,14
100
10
1,57
314
= 2
,
0,5
157
1,6
0,25
50
V, /
1,57
10
5
3,14
30
21
d
2
V2
2 =
r2
94. r =
V 3 = 3 r 3
3 = 2
V2 = V1
V 1 = 1 r 1
1r1r3
r2
V3 =
1 = 2 1
= 1200 / = 20
2 1 r1 r3 2 1d1 d 3 2 1 d1 d 3 3,14 0,12 0 ,6

=
=
=
= 15 /.
r2
d2 22
d2
0 ,3
V=
95. n 1 n 2 , S
= 3 r3
3 = 2
1 r1 r3
r2
V=
2 r2 = 1r1
1 = 2 1
r1 =
n1 S
2
r2 =
n2 S
2
d3
= 1
2
n1 d 3 1 3,14 48 0,7
V=
=
= 5,86 /.
n2
18
r3 =
96. V =
n1 d 3 1 3,14 1 0,5
=
= 5 /.
n2
15
97. ) ;
) .
98. V 1 ,
V 2
V 2 = V 1 tg,
l
V2
V2 =
V 1 = R,
l
V1 V2
=
R tg
l
l cos
=
tg sin
99.
1
2
3
4
5
,
0,1
250
12,5
0,39
0,046
V, /
12,5
20
20
20
82
R,
0,2
800
40
1,25
0,6
, / 2
800
0,5
10
320
11000
, /
62,5
0,025
0,5
16
137
100. ) ;
) , ;
) ,
.
22
101. ) ;
) ( ) ;
) .
102. , ,
, .
, .
103. , .
) .
) ).
104. ), ).
105. .
106. , , . , . .
107. , , .. .
108. , ..
,

.
109. , , ,
( ), .
110. .
111.
23
112.
113 . )
| mg | = | N | ;
) | mg | < | N | ;
) );
) | mg | > | N | .
114.
115. ) F

) )
) Fa
24
116.
) F = N
) F N x F = 0
) F N x < 0
) F + F N x > 0
117.
) Fa = F + mg
) Fa + F = mg
) | Fa | > | F | + | mg |
) | Fa |<| F | + | mg |
118. F = ma
F1 ma1 a1
=
=
F2
a2
a2
F 1 = ma 1 F 2 = ma 2
Fa
50 0,01
F2 = 1 2 =
= 5H
a1
0,1
25
119. F = m 1 a 1
F = m2a2 m1a1 = m2a2
ma
2 2 / 2
a2 = 1 1 =
= 0,8 / 2 .
m2
5
120. a =
F1
F
= 2
m1 m 2
F2 =
F1 m 2 15H 2
=
= 60
m1
0 ,5
2S
2 Sm
at 2
a = 2 F = ma =
2
t
t2
25 = 0,25
25 = 0,025
2 0 ,25 0 ,025
= 0,0125H
F=
12
121 . S =
122. S =
at 2
2
V = at
t=
V
a
V
a
V2
a
S= =
2
2a
a=
V2
2S
F = ma
mV 2 2 ( 1000 / ) 2
=
= 2,86 10 5 H
2S
2 3,5
F = ma m = 1500
123. V = 10 + 0,5t
a = 0,5 / 2
F = 0,5 1500 = 750H
F
6
124. V x = S 3t |a| = 3 / 2
m=
= = 2
|a| 3
F=
125. a =
F 9 104
= 1,5 / 2
=
m 6 104
126. X = 20 10t + t 2
X = X0 + V0t +
x = 1 2 = 2 / 2
127. X = 100 + 5t + 0,5t
= 0,5 2 = 1 / 2
26
V = at = 1,5t
a 2
t
2
F x = ma x = 500 2 = 1000H
a 2
X = X0 + V0t +
t
2
F 150
m=
= 150
=
1
a
V V0 20 20
=0
=
t
30
20 10
= 0,33 / 2
II. a x =
30
0 30
= 1/ 2
III. a x =
30
128. I. a x =
V0 = 0
F x = ma = 5 0 = 0
Fx = ma = 5 0,33 /2 = 1,67
Fx = ma = 10 (1)/2 = 10
V V0
t
10 0
= 2 / 2
1) 0 5
ax =
F x = 2 2/ 2 = 4
5
10 10
=0
F x = 2 0/ 2 = 0
2) 5 10
ax =
0
0 10
= 1/ 2
3) 10 20
ax =
F x = 2 1/ 2 =2
10
130. , , ..
.
131. 0, , 129. F x = ma x
ax =
mg , .. ) ).
132. , .. ,
,
2F.
133. . 100 , , 100.
134. 1, .. 1
.
135.

)
)
N ,
Fn
)
F1
F 2
136. , .. , ..
0, .
137. F a = Vg = 10/
0,0002 3 1000 / 3 = 2, 2 : 1) 2, 2) 10.
27
138. , .
P = F a
F a = bgV
V=
m=
bm 1000 / 3 0 ,054
= 0,02 20.
=

2700 / 3
Gm1 m 2
139. F =
,
:
R2
) ;
) 4 ;
) 9 .
Gm1 m 2
,
140. F =
R2
) 2 2 = 4 ; ) 9 ;
1
= 4 .
)
( 1 0 ,5 )2
m=
141. F =
Gm 3
r2
) r = R + R,
) r = R + 5R,
142. F =
r 2 = 4R 2 4 ;
r 2 = 36R 2 36 .
Gm
6 ,67 10 11 2 / 2 1,99 10 30 80
= 0,47
r
( 1,5 1011 ) 2
F = gm = 9,8/ 80 = 784
F
784
=
1700
F F 1700 .
F
0,47
D
4 3
GMm
= F=
143. F =
r=
r 3
2
2
3
r
2
G
F=
4 D
m 3
3 2
D

2
2
GDm 3 =
3
2
3,14 6 ,67 1011 22 19300 / 3 m = 6 10 5 mH ,
3
m .
GM m
4
4
144. F =
,
= R 3 ; F = GR m
2
3
3
R
3F
3 1,7H
R=
=
= 1,7 106
4Gm 4 3,14 6,671011H2 / 2 3,5 103 / 3 1
=
28
F GM B m GM B
=
=
m
R2m
R2
145. g =
g=
6 ,67 10 11 2 / 4 ,9 10 24
( 6,1 10 6 ) 2
GM 3
146.
= g3
R32
g10
g10 =
GM 10
2
R10
8,8 /
G 317 M 3
( 11R3 )
317
g3
121
317
=
9 ,8 / = 25,7 /
121
147. g =
M =
GM
R2
GM
=
g
R=
4 3
R
3
3M
3
4R
6 ,67 1011 2 1030

= 3 108
1508
3 2 1030
4 3,14 ( 3 108 )3
= 1,77 104 / 3
1,4 10 3 / 3 , , , -
, .. 0 2
10 30 , G = 6,67 10 11 2 / 2 , , , g .
GM 3 m
GM m
GMm
F3 =
F =
148. F =
R2
r32
r2
GM 3m
r32
M3
r32
GM m
r2
81(60 R r3 ) 2
9(60R r 3 ) = r 3
r = 60 R r3
3
81
81(60 R r3 ) 2 = r32
540R = 10r 3
r3 =
540R
= 54R.
10
149.
29
150.
)
)
)
)
) , ;
;
, ;
;

.
151. , .
F = mg
g = 1,7 / 2 ,
g 3 = 9,8 / 2
F3
g
9,8
= 3 =
= 5,8 , . 5,8 ,
F g 1,7
.
152. , , .
. , , .
GMm
F GM
g= =
153. F =
2
m
r
r2
GMm GMm
) r = R + R = 2R
F=
=
( 2R )2
4R 2
g
F GM
GMm
F GM
g = =
= ,
F=
g= =
2
2
2
4
m
m
4R
r
r
.. 4 , .
GMm GMm
) r = R + 2R = 3R
F=
=
( 3R ) 2
9R 2
g
F GM
g = =
= , .. 9 , .
m 9R 2 9
154.
g1
g
g1 1 R2
= =
g 2 2
R2
r2
2 = 2R2
= 2R
h = r R = 2R R = ( 2 1)R
g1 1 R2 2
r = 3R2 r = 3R h = r R = 3R R = ( 3 1)R
= =
g 3 r2
g1 1 R2
r2 = 2R2
r = 5R h = r R = 5R R =( 5 1)R
= =
g 5 r2
155. g.
) h
.
)
30
) V0.
) h V0.
) h V 0 .
. , ,
: F = mg; (t) V(t) .
156. S = V0 t +
gt 2
2
V0 = 0
S=
gt 2
2
t=
2S
=
g
2 80
4c
9,8
V = V0 + gt = gt = 9 ,8 4 40 /
157. V = V0 + gt V0 = 0 V = gt t =
V 100
=
10c
g 9 ,8
gt 2 9,8 10 2
=
500
2
2
158. V = V0 + gt V0 = 0 V = gt = 9,8 5 50 / c
h=
gt 2 9,8 5 2
=
125
2
2
159.
h=
S=
gt 2
2
1)
l = S ( 1 ) S ( 0 ) =
2)
l = S ( 4 ) S ( 3 ) =
t=
2S
=
g
2 80
4c
9 ,8
9 ,8 12 9,8 02
5
2
2
9 ,8 42 9 ,8 32
35 .
2
2
160.
l = S( t ) S( t 4 ) =
gt 2 g( t 4 )2 g 2
g
= ( t ( t 4 )2 ) = ( 8t 16 )
2
2
2
2
9 ,8
( 8t 16 ) = 196 , 8t 16 = 40; 8t = 56 t = 7c
2
h=
gt 2 9,8 7 2
=
245 .
2
2
gt 2 g ( t 1 )2 1 gt 2
;
=
2
2
2 2
0,5t 2 = t 2 2t + 1
t 2 4t + 2 = 0
161.
1 gt 2 g ( t 1 )2
;
=
2 2
2
1 2
t = ( t 1 )2
2
t 1 = 2 + 2 3,4c
t 2 = 2 2 0,4c
t 2 , .. t 1, t = 3,4
31
h=
gt 2 9,8 3,4 2
=
57
2
2
162. l = 1 2
= 0 + V0 t +
gt 2
2
V01 = V02 = 0 , ,
gt 2
gt 2
l = 01 +
y 02 +
= y 01 y 02 = const
2
2
163. y1 =
l0 =
gt 2
, .. V 01 = 0
2
g 22 9 ,8 22
=
20
2
2
y 01 = 0 y 2 =
l=
g( t 2 )2
2
gt 2 g ( t 2 )2
=
2
2
g 2 2
( t t + 4t 4 ) = 2 g ( t 1 )
2
= 2 0 = 2 20, 2 9,8(t 1) = 40
t1=2
t = 2 + 1 = 3c, .. 3 3 2 = 1 .
164. t = t n + t , t n , t .
=
tn =
2h
g
t =
h
2h
+
=t
g V
h
V
2h
h
+
= 4 0,45 h + 0,003h 4 = 0
9,8 330
0,003y 2 + 0,45y 4 = 0
V 330 /
h=y
y 1 8,3, = h 0, ,
= 8,3 h = y 2 = 8,3 2 70.
2 158
h
2h
+
=6
0,45 h + 0,003h 6 = 0
9,8 330
0,003y 2 + 0,45y 6 = 0
165.
y 1 = 162,
2 = 12,3
= h 0, , = 12,3
h = y 2 = 12,3 2 150.
166. V 0 = 24/ h = V 0 t
h = 24 2,5
V0 8
32
h=y
gt 2
2
9 ,8 2,5 2
30
2
9 ,8 8 2
=0
2
t=
V0 V 24 0
=
2,5c
g
9 ,8
S = V0t
8V 0 = 32,
gt 2
=0
2
V 0 = 4/
h = V 0 t
gt 2
2
t , V = 0
40
9 ,8 0 ,4 2
0,8.
0,4c; h = 4 0,4
9 ,8
2
168.
V V 0 = gt; t =
h = V0t
h = V0
h = V0t
gt 2
2
t=
V V 0 V0
=
,
g
g
V
g 0
V0
g
h = V0
g
2
V0 V02
=
g
g
1
h
2
h = 2h = 2 20 = 40.
gt 2
169. h = V0t
2
V0
V0
V
t= 2
= 0
2g
g
h=
2
= V0
2g
V
g 0
V0
V2
V2
3 V02
2g
= 0 0 =
h = V0
2
2g
8g
8 g
2g
170. V = V 0 + gt S(t) = V 0 t +
gt 2
2
gt 2
gt 2
V0t =
2
2
) V = 0 + 9,8 2 20/
V0 = 0
(t) = S S = V0t +
S=02+
9 ,8 2 2
20
2
) V0 = 1,5
S = 1,5 2 +
) V0 = 1,5
S = 1,5 2 +
9 ,8 2 2
20.
2
V = 1,5 + 9,8 2 21/
=
9 ,8 2 2
9 ,8 2 2
23
=
20
2
2
V = 1,5 + 9,8 2 18/
9 ,8 2 2
17
2
171. ) V 0 = 20/
9 ,8 2 2
20
2
0 = 0
gt
9 ,8t 2
= 20t 5t2
= 20t
2
2
) V 0 = 20/ 0 = 25
= V0t
33
9 ,8t 2
= 25 + 20t 5t2
2
= 0
25 + 20t 5t2 = 0
,
t1 = 5c, t 0, ,
t2 = 1c
t = 5c.
= 25 +20t
172. V 0 = at = 2 5 = 10/
y = y 0 + V0t
t1 = 3,5c,
173.
y0 =
t 2
2 52
=
= 25
2
2
gt 2
9 ,8t 2
= 25 + 10t
= 25 + 10t 5t2
2
2
t 0, ,
t2 = 1,5c
t = 3,5c.
h 0 ,
h
gt 2
t 2
5 10 2
=
,
= 250
h = h 0 + V 0 t
2
2
2
V0 = at = 5 10 = 50/, t , V = 0
h0 =
t =
V V0 0 50
5c
=
9,8
g
h = 250 + 50 5
9 ,8 5 2
= 375.
2
174.
t = t n + t
h0 = 40
gt n2
2
V0 = 12/, h = 0
h = h0 + V0tn
9 ,8t n2
2
t n1 = 4,2c
t n2 = 2,
, t n = 4,2c
h
40
=
=0,12
t =
V
330 /
0 = 40 + 12tn
t = 4,2 + 0,12 4,32c.
34
0 = 40 + 12tn 5 t 2n
t 0, -
175. =
gt 2
h = V0t
t=
gt 2
= V0
2
) V0 = ( h + H )
2H
g
2 H 2 gH
2H
= V0
H
g
g 2
g
g
2H
S=
V02 ( h + H )2 g ( h + H )2
=
=
2g
2H 2g
4H
g
4h 2 g
( 2h ) 2 4h 2
=
= 2hg
=
=h
S=
2h
2h
4h
4h
176. V 0 ;
1) V 0 h
;
2) V 0 ;
3) V 0
.
, V 0 . . : F = mg.
V(t) X(t) .
177.
) V0 = 2h
V x = V 0 cos = 20
3
= 10
2
3 17,3
/
V y = V 0 sin = 20
1
= 10 /
2
178. V x = V 0 cos = 40
2
= 20
2
2 =
28,2 /
V y = V 0 sin = 40
179. V y = V 0 sin
180. V y = V 0 sin
2
= 20
2
sin =
sin =
Vy
V0
2 = 28,2 /
Vy
V0
=
10 1
=
20 2
17
0 ,85
20
= arcsin
1
= 30
2
= arcsin 0,85 60
35
181.
Vy
V
= tg =
17
= 1,7
10
= arctg 1,7 60
V0 = V x2 + V y2 = 10 2 + 17 2 = 20 /
182. = 0
V x = V 0 cos = V 0 1 = V 0 = 30 /
V = V 0 sin = V 0 0 = 0
183. V y0 ,
0, , .
184. ) V x = V 0 cos = 141
2
100 /
2
2
100/
2
) , Vy Vy
( V y ) V y ( 100 ) 100
t=
=
20c
g
9,8
V = V 0 sin = 141
) = V x t = 100 20 = 2000
185. V x = V 0 cost = 1000
V = V 0 sint = 1000
t=
( V y ) V y
g
3
= 860 /
2
1
= 500/. Vy = Vy
2
( 500 ) 500
= 100c
9 ,8
= V x t = 860 100 = 86000

V = V 2 + V 2 = ( V y ) 2 + V x2 = ( 500 ) 2 + 860 2 = 1000 /
186. V y V y
( V y ) V y
= 12
2V y = 12y = 12 9,8 120
g
120
= 60 /
2
0 V y 0 60
t=
=
= 6c
g
10
Vy =
V y = 0
hM = V0t
9,8 62
gt2
= 60 6
= 180
2
2
187. V y = gt = 9,8 1 10 /
V y = V 0 sin
36
sin =
Vy
V0
10 1
=
20 2
= arcsin
1
= 30
2
V x = V 0 cos = 20
3
17 /
2
2
t n = 1 2 = 2c
= V x t n = 17 2 = 34
188.
x
3
= 17 /
2
V = V 0 cos = 20
y = y 0 + V y0 t
gt 2
2
V 0 = V 0 sin = 20
y = 2 + 10t
1
= 10 /
2
9 ,8t 2
= 2 + 10t 5t 2
2
0 = 2 + 10t 5t 2
= 0
t 1 = 2,2c, t 0, t 2 = 0,2c
t = 2,2c
= V x t = 17 2,2 37
190. = V x t, t ( = 0)
t=
) V y0 = V 0 sin = 0
2h
=
g
2 20
= 2c
9 ,8
= V 0 cos t = V 0 t = 25 2 = 50
) V = V 0 cos = 25
y = y 0 + V y0 t
3
1
= 21,6 /; V 0 = V 0 sin = 25 = 12,5 /
2
2
gt 2
9 ,8t 2
= 20 + 12,5t
2
2
= 0, t 1 = 36, t 0, ,
t 2 = -1,1
t = 3,6c
= V t = 21,6 3,6 = 78
37
3
= 21,6 /
2
) V = V 0 cos = 25
1
2
V = V 0 sin = 25 = 12,5 /
y = y 0 + V y0 t
gt 2
9 ,8t 2
= 20 12,5t
2
2
= 0, t 1 = 1,1, t 0, ,
t 2 = 3,5
t = 1,1c
= V t = 21,6 1,1 = 24
191. h =
Vx =
gt 2
2
t=
2 20
= 2c
9 ,8
2h
=
g
l 6
= 3 /
=
t
2
V y0 = 0, , V 0 = V x = 3
192. h = V 0 t
gt 2
2
t=
V0
g
h = V0
V0
g
V
g 0
g
2
V02
2g
V0 =
2hg = 2 1 9 ,8 4,4 /
= V0t, t 0,64
t=
2h
=
g
193. V x = V x0
V y = gt
2 0 ,64
= 0,36
9 ,8
V y = V y0 + gt, .. V y0 = 0
t=
V y = 9,8 1 10 /
V=
38
= 4,4 0,36 1,6
2h
=
g
25
= 1c
9 ,8
V x = 6 /
V x2 + V y2 = 10 2 + 6 2 11,5 /
tg =
Vy
Vx
10
1,67
6
gt 2
2
194. h =
t=
= arctg1,67
= V0t, .. Vx = V0 ( = 0)
2
h
g
V
h= 0
2
l
h
=
V 0 V0
2
= gh
2V02
h =
gV02
=
2
2 10 2
9 ,8
20
195. a =
V2 V2
=
r
Rr
a=
GMm
2
r m
GM
r
g
r2
r ,
.
g
V2
= 2
r R
r
R = 6,37 10 6
V=
gR
r
) r = 3,
2+1=3
V=
9,8 6 ,37 10 6
4,6 10 3 /
3
) r = 6,
5+1=6
V=
9,8 6 ,37 10 6
3,2 10 3 /
6
196. V = g R = 1,7 1,7 10 6 = 1,7 10 3 /

197. V = gbRb = g3R3 0,9 0,95 = V3 0,9 0,95 = 7,9 103 0,92 = 7,3103 /
198. V = gR =
Vc =
GM
R2
R=
GM
R2
2 6,67 10 11 2 10 30
1,4 10 9
2GM
D
= 4,36 10 5 /.
199. , .
r = 3,84 10 8
r =
r 3,84 10 8
=
60
R 6 ,37 10 6
39
195
200. r =
V=
=
gR
=
r
9,8 6,37 10 6
1 10 3 /.
60
r R + h 6 ,37 10 6 + 0,6 10 6
= 1,09
=
=
R
R
6,37 10 6
9,8 6 ,37 10 6
7 ,6 10 3 /
1,09
2r 2 ( R + h ) 2 3,14 ( 6,37 106 + 0,6 106 )

=
=
5700c 96 .
V
V
7,6 103
gR
=
r
201. r = 2
V=
9 ,8 6,37 10 6
= 5,6 10 3 /
2
2 ( R + R ) 4R 4 3,14 6,37 106

=
=
= 14300 4 .
V
V
5,6 103
202. 24 86400
r =
2 R
3
R
2 4rR
=
= 2r 2
V
g
gR
86400 9,8
r =
2 3,14 6 ,37 10 6
= 6,7
h = ( 1)R = (6,7 1) 6,37 10 6 = 3,6 10 4

203. ) , -

)
)
) ,
)
) .
204. ) ; ) ; ) ; ) -
; )
40
)
205. 0,5 = 0,005
F
5
= 1000 /.
=
X 0,005
206. F 1 = F 2
K1X1 = K2X2
1 1 100 0 ,05
2 =
=
= 500 /.
2
0,01
207. =
5
F
= 250 /
=
X 0 ,02
, F = 5
= 2
l = l 0 + = 20 + 2 = 22 .
208. 1 =
2
5
= 2 / 200 /; 2 =
= 5 / 500
1
1
/

F1 = F2 = F
K=
1 =
F
K1
2 =
F
K2
5
= 2,5
2
X = 1 + 2
K1 K 2
F
F
20 40
=
=
=
13,3 /.
F
F
K 1 + K 2 20 + 40
X
+
K1 K 2
210. ,
, .. . , ,
.
211. F = mg + ma = KX a =
212. KX = F
240
a=
59 10 3 0,002
KX
2
g; a =
9,8 = 2 / .
m
10
F = mg + ma
F = m 1 g m = 200
m1 =
m1 m
240 200
2
g=
9,8 2 / .
m
200
213.
1 / 2 , ,
41
, . .
214.
F = ma mg = m (a g) g = 9,8 / 2
1) =
3,6 0
= 1,8 / 2
20
2) = 0
3) =
V x
t
F = 1500(1,8 1 9,8) = 17400

F = 1500(0 (9,8) = 14700
0 3,6
= 1,8
12 10
F = 1500(1,8 (9,8) = 12000
215. F = = 50 (0,15 0,10) = 2,5, .. -
|F | = |F |; F = 2,5.
216. ,
,
( ), .
217.
F
F
=
m
M
m
+
+ m0
= a(m + m 0 ) =
= am =
42
Fm
.
M + m + m0
F ( m + m0 )
M + m + m0
218. ,
,
0, .. 0, ,
mg = T
m = M c + Mb
T = g (M c + M B ).
219. . 45 .
F = ma y
a y = 2
r = 0 +
= 2
0 = 0,2
m = 0,5
F =
, = m (2) 2 ( 0 + )
l =
4 2 2 l 0 m
K 4 2 2 m
4 3,14 2 2 2 0 ,2 0 ,05
40 4 3,14 2 2 2 0 ,05
= 0,05
r = 0 + = 0,2 + 0,05 = 0,25 .

220. ,
,
,
.
Fy
2 (F y = m 4 2 2 ).
221.
F = Mg + Ma Fa
F = KX
Fa = gb =
gbM
c
gb
M g + a
c
M
X=
(g c + a c g b ) .
=
K
K c
222. -
, ..
F = + , ,
F mg ,
F 0 .
223. ) , ;
) , ;
43
) , III ,
;
) ;
)
() (, N F = N, . ).
) ,
.

.
225.
.
226. .
227.
, , , .
228. , .
229. .
230. ,
.. , ,
,
.
231. 230, , ,
.
232. , ..

,
.
233. , ,
, .
234. ,
44
224.
, , , ; ) , ,
).
235. , ,
, .. , .
236. 235. , , .
237. ,
, .
238. =
V V0 0 10
= 0,25 / 2 ,
=
t
40
15
F =
=
F
mg
N = mg,
=
F = ma = 60 0,25 =
ma a 0 ,25
= =
0,024 .
mg g
9 ,8
239. Sx 1 Sx 2
1) V x = V y0
S y = V y0 t
S y
gt 2
2
V yt
gt 2
=0
2
t 2
Sx = Vxt = Vx
2V y
S x = V x0 t
t2 =
, .. V x = V =
(sin45 = cos45 =
2) S x = V x0 t +
t1 = 0,
1
2
t 2
2
a=
gt 2
2
a=
, ,
V0
2
Sx =
2V y
V0
2
V0
2
g
V02
;
g
F = N = mg
mg
= g
m
45
V = 0
t=
V
g 0
g
V V
Sx = 0 0
g
2
V x V x 0 0 V0 V02
=
=
a
g
g
V02
V2
V2
1V02
=
= 0 = 20 0 ,
g
2 g 2 0,02 g 0 ,04 g
.. 20 .
240.
F = F 1 + F 2
|F| = | F |
F2 = (m + m)g = 2mg,
F 1 = mg
F = mg + 2mg = 3mg = 3 1 9,8 0,3 9H
241. F = F F = mg
F =
mg 2 9 ,8 0 ,3
= 0,06 .
=
=
K
100
242.
: F x F = 0
Y: N + F y -
mg = 0
F = N ,
mg = 0
F x = Fcos = F
F y = Fsin = F
OY:
3
0,86F
2
1
= 0,5
2
+ F y mg = 0

46
OX:
F F
=0
+ Fy
F 0 ,86
+ F0,5 100 9,8 = 0
0 ,2
F
+ F y mg = 0
F=
100 9 ,8
200H
0 ,86
+ 0 ,5
0 ,2
F = F x = 200 0,86 170
243. Y: N + F y mg = 0
OX: Fx F = ma
Fx = Fcos30 = 0,86F
F y = F sin30 = 0,5F
N=
F
+ Fy mg = 0
Fx F = ma
:
F y mg =
ma Fx
ma Fx
10 3,5 50 0 ,86
; =
; =
0,11 .
50 0,5 10 9 ,8
Fy mg
244.
X: F Fcos = 0
OY: mg + N
Fsin = 0
.. F y = Fsin
Fx = Fcos
N=
F F cos
=0
mg + F F sin
2-
1- -
mg Fsin +
F cos
=0
F cos
.
F sin mg
245. ,
, . , 47
, ,
.
246.
, Fmax
= = F. = N
F = ma
mg = m
.. .
mg = m4 2 2 R
F = mg
= 78 1 = 1,3
F =
|N| = |mg|
1
tg 60
mg = m
48
4 2 2 R
g
R = 0,07
4 3,14 2 1,3 2 0,07 2

0 ,033
9 ,8
248. .
R=
V2
R
= 2 R = 4 2 2 R
247. F = ma
N = mg
0,4
= 0,1
4
V = 16 9 ,8 0 ,1 = 4 /,
V2
R
V = 16 9,8 0 ,4 = 8 /
V = Rg
1 =
=
V2
R
N
tg 60 o
, F = N, ,
3
0 ,58 . , 246
3
R=
72
8,5 .
9 ,8 0 ,58
V2
,
g
V = 25 / = 7 /
249. 246 248

1
V = Rg .
=
tg 72 o
250. 246 248
1
V = Rg
=
tg
1
= arctg .
251. , , ,
R d.
R max = d,
248
R max =
V2
.
g
S
S = Vt
at 2
,
2
F
m
mg
= g
m
2
t=
V
V
=
a g
g
g
V
V2
1
S=V
=
= R, ..
2 g
2
2
g
.
252.
F = F + F = mg AV , (), .. F
.
F = V y F . = mg ..
> g
V y
m
, < g.
.. > g ,
(V y = 0) , , = g,
, ,
49
..
: t = t c =
V y0
g
, -
,
.
253.
, :
F
m
, .
..
r2
1
S
, S r 2 , m r 3 , , 3 ,
m
r
r
.. , .
254. 253, .. , -
- ,
.
255. ,
, =
F
,
m
.. < -
, , , .
256. F = ma , = g a = 9,8 9 = 0,8 / 2
F = 1 0,8 / 2 = 0,8.
257. = + g ,
, -
.
=
V0 30
= 12 / 2
=
t
2 ,5
F = ma
a = 12 9,8 2 / 2
F = 0,04 2 = 0,08.
50
40 = 0,04
258. a = g a
a=
h=
at
2
t=
V
a
V2
a
=
h=
2
2a
V
a
V2
13 2
=
= 8,4 / 2
2h 2 10
a = g a = 9,8 8,4 = 1,4 / 2
F = m a = 60 1,4 = 84
F = 96, g = 10 / 2 ,
F = 60 1,6 = 96H.
10 8,4 = 1,6
259. (F )
(F ), .. .
F = mg, AV = mg
F = AV
AV 1 = m 1 g , m 1
AV 2 = m 2 g , m 2 .
V2 =
V1m 2 6 ,5 100
= 13 /;
=
50
m1
, ..
, .
) )
F = 0
) Fc 1 + F A Mg = 0
) Fc 2 + F A (M m)g = 0
) )
2F A 2Mg + mg = 0
mg = 2Mg 2F A
m = 2 (M
FA
).
g
51
261. ) ,
;
) - ,
;
) ;
) ,
;
) : ,
.., ;
)
262.
), ), ) ;
) ;
) .
263. , .. . = 0 , . .
264. , .. mg .
265. ) F = mg + ma = m(g + a) = 2(9,8 + 2) 24; ) F = mg =
2 9,8 20
266. .. 0,
P = mg = 60 9,8 600
267. ) 0 20
V 1,5 0
= 0,075 / 2
=
=
20 0
t
= mg + ma = 60 9,8 + 60 0,075 593

52
) = 0
= mg = 60 9,8 = 588
) 60 160
=
0 1,5
2
0,04 /
40
= mg + ma = 60 9,8 60 0,04 586

,
g 10 / 2 ,
9,8 / 2 , , .. g = 10 9,8 = 0,2
/ 2 , = 0,075 / 2 = 0,04 / 2 .
268. ) =
P mg
m
m = 60
mg = 600H
540 600
= 1 / 2 , .. |a| = 1 /2 a ;
60
) =
P mg 720 600
=
= 2 / 2 ,
m
60
.
269. ) m =
P
100
=
6,8 ;
g + a 9,8 + 5
m=
P
100
=
21
g a 9 ,8 5
.
270. =
P
1800
2
g=
9 ,8 2 /
m
150
, .. > 0,
.
271. P = mg + ma = 80 9,8 + 80 20 2400H
P
2400
=
3.
f =
mg 80 9 ,8
272. ) P = m(g + a);
a=
V2
;
R
P = m(g +
V2
10 2
) = 40(9,8 +
)
R
20
600H
) P = m(g a)
a=
V2
R
P = m(g
V2
) = 40(9,8
R
52
) 300H.
20
53
273.
P = ma =
m 2
= m4 2 2 R
R
= 2780 / = 46,3
= 0,1
1 4 3,14 2 46,3 3 0,1 8500
.
274. P = mg ma = m(g
20 2
V2
), P = 5000 (9,8 /
)
R
50
10000.
275. = m(g
276. =
V2
)
R
P
15000
V = g R = 9,8
40 10 /.
m
2000
1
1
= mg
2
2
90 / = 25 /;
= mg m
V2
1
= mg
R
2
V2
1
= mg;
R
2
R=
277. P = m(g + a) = m(g +
g = 9,8 / 2
2V 2 2 25 2
=
127,5.
g
9 ,8
V2
) m = 52000, V = 18/,
R
R = 40
= 52000(9,8 +
18 2
930000
40
, ..
, .
54
V2
62
) = 50(9,8 +
) = 940
R
4
278. = m(g +
279. : = m(g
V2
)
R
180 / = 50 /
50 2
) 1050, .. 100
= 70(9,8
1050; = m(g +
50 2
V2
) = 70(9,8 +
) =
R
100
2450.
280. a = g
P = m(g a) = m(g g) = 0.
281. , .. ,
, , .
282. , .. :
m = const;
V = const,;
m
= = const.
V
283. , .. a = g; P = mg ma = mg mg = 0.
284. .
285. , ..
, , .
286. min
= 0; = 0 = g , .. 2 R = g
=
287. = g
g
R
V2
=g
R
V = gR 9,8 40 20 /.
288. F = ma
F = F F = F N = F mg = ma
F = m(g + a)
a = 0,7 /;
F = 15000(9,8 0,03 +
0,7) = 15000.
289. V = at
a=
m = 3250000
a=
F
F = F F = F mg
m
F = 650000H
F mg F
650000
2
=
g =
9,8 0,005 = 0,15 /
m
m
3250000
V = 0,15t
55
V2
10 2
= 1 / 2
ma = F mg
=
2S 2 50
F
14000
a
1
m
=a
=0,04.
= 10000
g
9 ,8
290. a =
291. = 0 + V 0 t +
ma = F mg
2
t
2
a = 0,05 2 = 0,1 / 2
m=
F
300000
=
2 10 6 .
a + g 0,1 + 0,005 9,8
292. F = ma + F .
V 10 0
= 0,25 / 2 ;
=
1) a =
40 0
t
F = 8000 0,25 + 600 =
2600
2) a =
0 10
= 0,125 / 2
120 40
F = 8000 (0,125) + 600=
400.
0 10
= 500H
120 40
10 0
= 4000
+ 500 = 2500H
20 0
293. : F = ma = 4000
: F = ma + F
: F = F = 500, .. = 0.
294.
OX: Fcos - F = ma
OY: Fsin + N mg = 0
F cos F ma
F = N
Fsin + +
56
mg = 0
cos
F
+ sin = m + g

m + g
F=
cos
+ sin
0,4
10
+ 9,8
0
,
15
F=
20
cos 30 o
+ sin 30 o
0,15
V 4 2
a=
=
= 0,4 / 2 ;
t
5
F ;
F min ,
cos
+ sin
F() =
cos
+ sin ;
F()
sin
+ cos = 0;
sin
= cos
sin
=
cos
tg =
= arctg(0,15) 8,53
Fmin
= arctg
0 ,4
10
+ 9 ,8
0,15
=
= 18,5.
cos 8,53
+ sin 8,53
0,15
295. F 1 = mg + ma,
F 2 = mg ma
F 1 F 2 = mg + ma (mg ma) = 2ma
m=
F 29,4
=
= 2,45 .
2a
26
57
296.
OY: N mgcos = 0
F N ,
OX: F - mgsin = ma
F < N , = 0, .
:
: F - mgsin = 0
F = mgsin ,
F = N , N
N0
N 0 :
N = mgcos
cos 0 =
sin 0
OY: N - mgcos = 0
N0 =
mgcos 0 =
tg 0 =
mg sin 0
0 = arctg
297. OX: F F - mgsin = ma
a min = 0
OY: N - mgcos = 0
F min =
F
F F mgsin = 0
=0
F = N
N = mgcos F = mgcos
F mgcos mgsin = 0
F = mg(cos + sin)
F = 600 9,8(cos20 0,05 + sin20) 2290H
58
N mgcos
298.
F = N
) N = mgcos
F 1 = F + mgsin = N + mgsin = mg(cos + sin)
) N = mgcos
F = N
F 2 = F mgsin
F 2 = mg(cos30 sin30)
F = F 1 F 2 = mg(cos30 + sin30) mg(cos30 sin30)
=
= 2mg sin30 = 2 2 9,8 0,5 20H.
299. 297:
F = mg (cos + sin)
F > mg ,
cos + sin > 1
>
1 sin 1 sin 30 o
=
= 0,58.
cos
cos 30 o
300. 296
arctg = arctg 0,8 = 39, .. 30 < 39, , 296

F = mg sin = 2 9,8 sin30 10H.
301. 296
arctg = arctg 0,2 = 11 < 30

ma = F mg sin
F = N = mg cos
ma = mg(cos sin)
a = g(cos sin) = 9,8(cos30 0,2 sin30) = 3,2 / 2

, 296
, .
59
302. .sin =
3
= 0,6 = arsin 0,6 = 37
5
0 = arctg = arctg 0,2 = 11, ,
F = mg cos (# 296)
) F = F + mg sin = mg(cos + sin) = 50 9,8(cos37 0,2
+ sin37) 380H
), ) .. = 0, F = F, ), =
0 ( F = 380H
) 297
: F mg sin + F = ma
F = m(a + g(cos + sin)) = 50(1 + 9,8(cos37 0,2 + sin37)) = 430H
) F mg sin + F = m(a), ..
F = m(g(cos + sin) a) = 330H.
303. 0 = 11
304.
302, = 0,2
m = 4T = 4 10 3 ;
2
/ ;
= 0,2
tg = 0,02;
= 0,04;
F-?
.. , sin tg
= 0,02,
cos 1
ma = F + N + F + mg .
:
: ma = F F mg sin
Y: 0 = N mg cos
F = N = mg cos
F = ma + F mg sin = m(a + mg cos + g sin)
F 4 10 3 (0,2 / 2 + 0,04 9,8 / 2 1 + 9,8 / 2 0,02)

3,15 10 3
60
305.
m = 3000 T = 3 10 6 ;
tg = 0,003;
= 0,008
) F = 300 H = 3 10 5 H;
) F = 150 H = 1,5 10 5 H;
) F = 90 H = 9 10 4 H;
ma = F + mg + F + N .
a ?
:
X: ma = F mg sin + F
Y: 0 = N mg cos
a=
F
g sin + g cos.
m
.. , tg sin, cos 1.
1) a
3105 H
3106
9,8 / 2 0,003 + 0,008 9,8 / 2 1 5,1 10 2
/ 2
2)
1,5 105 H
3106
9,8 / 2 0,003 + 0,008 9,8 / 2 1 10 3
/ 2
3) a
9 104 H
3106
9,8 / 2 0,003 + 0,008 9,8 / 2 1 1,9 10 2
/ 2
61
306.
m = 300 ;
tg = 0,02;
= 0,04;
t = 10c;
V?
V 0 .
ma 1 = F mg
V0 = a1
t
F
t
g)
=(
2
m
2
.
ma 2 = F + N + F + mg .
X: ma 2 = F F + mg sin
Y: 0 = N mg cos
F = N = mg cos
V = V0 + a2
a=
t
F
t
F
t
=(
g) + (
g cos + g sin)
2
m
2
m
2
.. tg , tg sin,
V(
+(
F
g cos + g sin
m
cos 1.
10
180
0,04 9,8 / 2 1 + 0,02 9,8 / 2 )
+
300
2
10
180
0,04 9,8 / 2 1 + 0,02 9,8 / 2 )
= 3,06 /.
300
2
307.
m = 2 ; = 30; = 0,3; F ?
0 = F + N + F + mg .
:
62
X: 0 = F cos F + mg sin
Y: 0 = N mg cos F sin
F = N = (mg cos + F sin)
F cos mg cos F sin mg sin = 0
sin + cos
F = mg
= 2 9,8 / 2
cos sin
1
3
+ 0 ,3
2
2 20,8.
3 1
0 ,3
2
2
63
308. = 0,6;
0 = mg + F
?
+N.
:
X: 0 = mg sin F
Y: 0 = N mg cos
F = N = mg cos ;
0 = mg sin mg cos
= tg
= arctg = arctg 0,6 31

31.
309. , (..
m).
N + F + m g = 0
:
X: F = Nsin
Y: N cos = mg
:
F tg = mg Ncos
F tg = mg F ctg
F =
sin 2 + cos 2
= mg
sin cos
F = mg
sin 2
2
310.
.
V 1 = Vsin
64
V 2 = V cos
a=
V22
V 2 cos 2
=
R
R
311. m 1 = 0,1;m 2 = 0,2;
m1 a = F 1 + T
m 2 a = F 2 T
F 2 = 3H;
m1 a = F1 + T
m 2 a = F2 T
=m 1 a + F 1 =m 1
=
F 1 = 0,5H;
F1 + F2
m1 + m 2
F1 + F2
mF +m F
+ F1 = 1 2 2 1 =
m1 + m 2
m1 + m2
0,1 3 + 0,2 0,5

1,3. ,
0,1 + 0,2
0,1 0,5 + 0,2 3

2,2.
1 + 0,2
312. = 10;
F 1 ?
m 1 = 200 = 0,2;
F 2 ?
m 2 = 300 = 0,3;
m1 a = F + T
m 2 a =
m1 = F T
m 2 a =
F1 =
m1 + m 2
0 ,3 + 0 ,2
T = 10H
17H
m2
0 ,3
,
F2 =
m1 + m 2
0 ,3 + 0 ,2
T = 10H
= 25H.
m1
0 ,2
313. , , = F .
m1a = F + F + F 1
m2 a = T + F 2

m1a = F F m1g
m2a = F m2 g
F = F
m1 + m 2
m2
65
314. m 1 = 27,2 T = 2,72 10 4 ;
;
= 0,6 / 2 ; F?
m1 a = F + m1 g + T
m2 a = T + m2 g
m 2 = 15,3 T = 1,53 10 4
T?
m1 = F m1g T
m2a = T m2 g
T = m 2 (a + g) = 1,53 10 4 (9,8 / 2 + 0,6 / 2 ) 1,6 10 5

F = m 1 (a + g) + T = (m1 + m2 )(a + g) =
= (2,72 10 4 + 1,53 10 4 )( 9,8 / 2 + 0,6 / 2 ) = 4,42 10 5
.
315. m 1 = 2;
T 2 ?
m 2 = 3;
0 = F + m1 g + T 1
0 = T 1 + m2 g + T 2
0 = T 2 + m3 g
m 3 = 10;
F?
T 1 ?
0 = F m1 g T1
0 = T1 m 2 g T2
0 = T m g
2
3
T 2 = m 3 g = 10 9,8 / 2 = 98
T 1 = m 2 g + T 2 = 3 9,8 / 2 + 98 = 127,4
F = m 1 g + T 1 = 2 9,8 / 2 + 127,4 = 147.
316. m 1 = 400 = 0,4; m 2 = 100 = 0,1;
2
= 8 = 8 10
t = 2c;
m1 a = T F
m2 a = T + m2 g
F = N = mg

m1a = T mg
m2a = mg T
66
(m 1 + m2 )a = (m 2 m 1 )g
a=g
=
m 2 m1
m1 + m 2
l=
at 2 g m 2 m1 2
t
=
2
2 m1 + m 2
m2 2l m1 + m2 0 ,1
2 0,08
0 ,1 + 0,4
0 ,245
m1 gt 2
m1
0 ,4 9 ,8 / 2 22 2
0,4
317. m 1 = 0,3;m 2 = 0,34;
1,2;
t = 2c;
g ?
m2 a = m2 g T
m1a = m1g
m2 a = m2 g m1 a m1 g
( m2 + m1 )a
=g
m2 m1
l=
g =
2l( m2 + m1 )
2
t ( m2 m1 )
a 2
t
2
a=
2l
t2
2 1,2 ( 0 ,3 + 0 ,34 )
22 2 ( 0,3 0 ,34 )
= 9,6
/ 2 .
( M + m )a = ( M + m )g T
318.
(2M + m)a = mg
a
Ma = T Mg
mg
2M + m
Mmg
m
M +m
T = Ma + Mg =
+Mg (
+ 1) = 2Mg
2M + m
2M + m
2M + m
N = 2T = 4Mg
M +m
.
2M + m
319. F , ,
F ,
F
,

.
.
2ma = 2mg
ma = mg + F T
ma = F mg
,
67
,
.
T = 2ma + 2mg
ma = mg + T F = F 2ma mg
ma k = 3ma + mg mg;
ma k = 3ma;
a k = 3a
.. ,
+
1
= nd
3
320. m 1 = 5;
3
nd
4
A = n + = h +
m 2 = 5; ) = 0;
m1a = T m1g
m2a = m2 g T
3
nd.
4
) = 0,2;
m1m2 g ( 1 + )
m1 + m2
) = 0
=
5 5 9 ,8 / 2 1
= 24,5
5 + 5
) = 0,2
=
5 5 9 ,8 / 2 ( 1 + 0 ,2 )
= 29,4.
5 + 5
321. m 1 = 10; m 2 = 10;
m1 a = m1 g T 1
m 3 = 8; ) = 0; ) = 0,2;
m 2 a = T 1 T 2 m 2 g
m 3 a = m 3 g T 2
(m 1 + m2 + m 3 )a = m 1 g m 2 g m 3 g
a=
( m1 m2 m3 )g
T 1 = m 1 (g a); T 2 = m 3 (g + a)
m1 + m2 + m3
a) = 0
a=
( 10 8 ) 9 ,8 / 2
= 0,7 / 2
10 + 10 + 8
T 1 = 10 (9,8 / 2 0,7 / 2 ) = 91
T 2 = 8 (9,8 / 2 + 0,7 / 2 ) = 84
68
) = 0,2
a=
( 10 0 ,2 10 8 ) 9,8 / 2
=0
10 + 10 + 8
T 1 = 10 (9,8 / 2 0) = 98
T 2 = 8 (9,8 / 2 + 0) = 78,4.
322. = 30;
1 = 0,2;
2 = 0,5; m = 100 = 0,1;
m a = N + m g + T + F 1
m a = N + mg T + F 2
.
0 = 2T + F 1 F 2

2 + 1 mg cos 2 mg cos = 0
mg cos ( 2 1 )
T=
=
2
0 ,1 9,8 / 2
2
3
( 0 ,5 0 ,2 )
2
= 0,127.
69
323. ) m 1
m 3 .
m1 a1 = m1 g T
m3 a 3 = m 3 g 4T
;
, 2
1, 2. . 1 m1, 2 , 3 .
2 1 + 2 2 = l 1
2 3 2 = l 2
2 1 + 4 3 = 1 + 2 2 = const

2 1 + 4 3 = 0
1 + 2 3 = 0
1 2 ,
,
8T
g+
2g = 0
m1
m3
a1 =
4m1 m3
g = 2 g
m1
8m1 + m3
= 3g
m1m3
m1 + m3
a2 =
4m1 m 3
a1
= 2g
2
8m1 + m3
m1 a1 = m1 g T
m 2 a 2 = m 2 g 8T

1 + 2 3 = l 1
2 4 3 = l 2
2 y y = l
4
3
2
70
1 + 8 2 = const
a 1 + 8a 2 = 0 g
T = 9g
m1 m 2
64m1 + m 2
a1 = g
a2 =
T
64T
+ 8g
=0
m1
m2
8m1 m 2
T
= 8g
64m1 + m 2
m1
a1
8m m 2
=g 1
6m1 + m 2
8
) - ,
= = 2 . , = 0
= 0, , .
1 = g ,
a 2 = g.
324. m = 0,5; = 0,25;
h = 60 = 0,6;
) = 0,1;
) = 0,3;
= 1;
) = 0,25;
) = 0,35;
) = 0,5; F ?
sin =
h
2
l +h
?
0,6
1 + 0 ,62 2
?
0,51
71
cos =
l +h
1
2
1 + 0,62 2
0,86
1) a > 0
ma T mg sin + F
Ma = Mg T
F = mg cos

a=
g
(M m sin m cos) >
M +m
0
M > m(sin + cos) 0,36
= M(g a)
2) a < 0
ma = T mg sin + F
Ma = Mg T
F = mg cos

a=
g
(M m sin + m cos) < 0
M +m
M < m(sin cos) 0,15

3) = 0
0,15 < M < 0,36.
= g
F = g( m sin)
a) M = 0,1 < 0,15
=
g
( M m sin + m cos )
M+m
9,8 / 2
(0,2 0,5 0,51 + 0,25 0,5 0,86) 0,8
0,5 + 0,1
/ 2
= 0,1(9,8 / 2 0,8 / 2 ) = 0,9
F 0,25 0,5 9,8 0,86 1,05
) M = 0,25;
0,15 < M < 0,36

2
= 0,25 9,8 / = 2,4

72
= 0;
F = 9,8 / 2 (0,25 0,5 0,51) = 0,05

) = 0,3;
0,15 < M < 0,36

2
= 0,3 9,8 / 2,94 /
= 0;
F = 9,8 / 2 (0,3 0,5 0,51) 0,44

) = 0,35;
0,15 < M < 0,36
= 0;
= 0,35 9,8 / 2 = 3,43

F = 9,8 / 2 (0,35 0,5 0,51) 0,93
) = 0,5;
0,36 < M;
9 ,8 / 2
( 0,5 0,5 0 ,51 0 ,25 0,5 0 ,86 )
0 ,5 + 0,5
1,35
/ 2
= 0,5 ( 9,8 / 2 1,35 / 2 ) 4,2
F 0,25 0,5 9,8 / 2 0,86 1,05 .
325. F x = F 1x + F 2x = 100cos60 + 100 = 100 0,5 100 = 150H
F y = F 3 F 1 sin60 = 100 100 0,86 14H

F=
Fx2 + Fy2 = 150 2 + 14 2 150,6H
326.
) 2 = mg
T=
mg
2
73
) 2 cos = mg
T=
mg
mg
>
2 cos
2
) 2 cos = mg
T=
mg
mg
>
2 cos
2
).
327. 1)
mg
2 cos
2)
( 326)
mg
2 cos
> , , cos > cos
( 326)
1 > 2.
328. mg.
. ,
.
329. ,
.
330.
2 = mg
T2
T2
T1
mg
74
23H.
T 2x = T 1 = 12H
22 + 22 = ( 2 9 ,8 )2 + 122 =
331.
mg
mg
, .
1) OX: F cos F = 0
N=
OY: F sin + N mg = 0
F cos F
=0
F sin + F mg = 0
cos
+ sin = mg
F
2) OX: F cos F = 0
N=
F =
mg
cos
+ sin
OY: N mg F sin = 0
F cos F
=0
F mg F sin = 0

cos
F sin = mg
F2 > F1,
F =
mg
cos
sin
.. .
332.
h
a
10 = 0,1;
T
2T cos = mg;
mg = 20H
T=
mg
;
2 cos
a=
l
;
2
75
cos =
T=
mg
mg
=
2 cos
2 2h
=
l
h
h
2h
=
=
a l
l
2
mgl 20H 10
=
= 500H.
4h
4 0,1
mg
=
sin sin
cos mg
F 1 = F 2 cos =
=
sin
tg
333. = mg = 3 9,8 / 30
F1
F2
F2 =
F1 =
mg
334. F 1 =
mg
=
sin sin
30
35H
sin
30
tg 60 o
cos =
F1
76
F 2
mg cos mg
;
=
sin
tg
AB
2
=
= 0,8
AC 2,5
= arccos0,8 = 37; F 2 =
mg
F2 =
17 H .
F 1 ,
F 2 = F 1 cos =
F2
F2 =
120 9,8
tg37 o
= 1560H
120 9,8
sin 37 o
2000H
335.
T = mg;
cos =
F1 =
F2 =
F1 =
mg
;
=
sin sin
F2 = F1
mg
=
tg tg
1 9 ,8
sin 60o
1 9,8
tg 60o
= 11,5 H ,
= 5,8 H .
336.
F
R
N = T sin
F + T cos = mg

RF = RT sin

F = N = T sin

Tsin Tsin
mg
77
337. T + mg + N = 0
X : N sin T cos( ) = 0
Y : N cos mg T sin( ) = 0
2
T,l
N sin = T sin( + )
N cos = T cos( + ) + mg
mg
tg =
T sin( + )
T cos( + ) + mg
T cos( + )sin + mg sin = T sin( +

)cos
T (sin( + )cos cos( + )sin) = mg sin
T sin( + ) = mg sin
T = mg
sin
sin
,
R
l+r
=
;
sin sin
78
sin l + r
=
;
sin
R
T = mg
l+r
.
R
338. , .. ,
, ,
, . .
339. , .
340. , . ,
.
341.
T sin + F = mg
N = T cos
F N

mgb + Na = 2 F b
bNtg = bmg Fb
Na = 2 Fb mgb
tg =
mg F
N
N(b tg + a) = F b Nb
b tg + a b

.
342. F c = 160H; 1 = 32;
2 = 8;
l2
8
F = Fc
= 160H
= 40H
l1
32
F 1 = F c 2
343.

, ..
, .
.
79
F 1 = LF 2 ;
1.
80
F2 < F1.
344.
346. = 10;
m = 10;
F ?
3
3
1
1
1
mg l = mg l + F l
4
8
4
8
4
3
1
3mg mg = F
8
8
F = mg = 9,8 /2 10 = 98
m = 900;
= 1; 1 ?
2 ?
1 + 2 = mg
l
l
T1( 2 l ) = T2 2
1 =
mgl
900 9,8 / 2 10
= 4,9 103
=
2( 10 1 )
2( l l )
2 = mg T1 = 900 9,8 /2 4900 = 3,92 103 .

347. m1 = 200; 1 = 5; m2 = 350;
2 = 3; N1 ?
N 1 + N 2 = m1 g + m 2 g
l1
+ m 2 gl 2 = N 2 l 1
m1 g
2
N2 =
+
m1 g
2
m2 gl 2
l1
N2 ?
200 9,8 / 2 3
+
2
350 9,8 / 2 3
3
5
N1 = (m1 + m2)g N2 = (200 + 350) 9,8/2 3000 2,4 .
348. = 10;
= 40 = 0,4;
m1 = 40;
m2 = 10; ?
l
m1gx = Mg ( x) + m2g ( x)
2
M + 2m2
= 0,1 = 10.
x=
2( m1 + m2 + M )
349. m = 2,1 = 2,1 103; = 16;
F2 ?
1 = 4; 2 = 2; F1 ?
,
F1
F2.
l
mg ( 2 ) = F1 ( 2 )
2
16 2 2
l 2l 2
mg =
F1 =
9 ,8 / 2 2100 9
2( l l 2 )
2( 16 2 )
66
:
16 2 4
l 2l1
mg =
F2 =
9 ,8 / 2 2100 7.
2( l l1 )
2( 16 4 )
350. 1 = 2000; 2 = 1000; = 30; R ? ?
1 + 2 = Rsin + Tsin
Tcos = Rcos
2P l + P l = T 2lsin
2
1
2P1 + P2 2 2000H + 1000H
=
= 5000H
1
2sin
2
2
1 + 2 sin = Rsin
Tcos = Rcos
T=
R = ( P1 + P2 T sin )2 + T 2 cos 2
1
3
2000 H + 1000 H 5000 H + 50002 H 2 4 ,35H

2
4
P + P T sin
tg = 1 2
=
T cos
351. = 2,3;
1000 H + 2000 H 5000 H

3
5000 H
2
2 = 6,5;
1
2 0 ,12 ;
6,8
1 = 9;
?
2
2 ( ) = 2 =
0,96
1 + 2
352. = 100;
F ?
100
F=
=
= Fa
= 50H.
2
2
2
N2 ?
F ?
353. = 70;
m = 70;
N1 ?
mg = N
2
N1 = F
mg 2 l cos = N l sin
1
3
2
2
N1 = mg ctg = 70 9,8/2 0,36 165
3
3
F = N1 = 165H
N2 = mg = 70 9,8 /2 = 686.
67
354.m = 40;
F=
= 30; F ?
N ?
N sin + F cos = mg
N cos = F sin
l
mg cos = Fl
2
mg cos 40 9 ,8 / 2 0 ,86
169
2
2
N = ( mg F cos )2 + F 2 sin 2
( 40 9,8 / 2 169 0,86 )2 + 1692 2
1
260
4
mg F cos 40 9 ,8 / 2 169 0 ,86

=
2 ,9 ;
= 71.
F sin
169 0 ,5
355. ,
, .. BD
ACD, .. .
tg =
BD 1 l 2 l 2
l
l
=
=
+
=
2
2 4
4
2
l 2
3

=
= .
4
4
=
l
;
=
2 2 sin
sin
4
sin
sin
4
= 2
sin
cos cos sin

4
4
= 2;
sin
ctg 1
=1
2
2
tg = 3
356. 1: mgn + M
2: Mg
1
= F2L;
2
1
+ mg(1 x) = F2L
2
Mg
x
+ mg mg
F1
2
L
Mg
x

+ mg
F2 =
2
L
F1
=n
F2
68
n=
Mg + 2mg( 1
Mg + 2mg
x
L
x
)
Mg( 1 n ) + 2mg
L x=
.
2mg ( n + 1 )
357. .
.
h1
, h2 .
x = h2 h1
h1 h2 1
2, x1 2hS = x2M,
x1 + x2 = x
h1 S
h2 h1
x1 + 2x1
= h2 h1 ,
x1 =
h S
M
1+ 2 1
M
h2 h1
= h1 + x1 = h1 +
h S
1+ 2 1
M
h ,
h = 2h1
hS
S
dx 1 ( 1 + M ) ( 2h2 h ) M
2h2 h
h
= +
,
=0
= +
2
2 2( 1 + hS )
dh
2
hS
21 +
M
M

dx
h [0; 2h2].
=0,
dh
358. , .. .
359. , , ,
. ,
.
360.
mg
,
mg = 2T cos
T=
2 cos
.. , .
, .
361. ,
.

.
362. = 40 = 0,4;
?
L
Ll
2 =
1 = ;
;
2
2
0,44
L
Ll
l
= 0,2.
= =
= 2 1 =
2
2
2
2
69
363.
m1 = 10;
r2 = 6;

m2 = 12;
m3 = 2;r1 = 4;
r3 = 10;
?
r
0 m1 + ( r1 + 3 )m3 + ( r1 + r2 + r3 )m 2
2
=
=
m1 + m 2 + m3
10
)2 + ( 4 + 6 + 10 )12
2
=
= 10 ,75
10 + 12 + 2
m1.
364.
2
2- ,
.
( 4 +
365. = 2,7 103 /3;
zn =7,1 103 /3;

?
4
3
2R zn R
zn
3
=
2R =
=
4
zn + Al
3
R ( zn + Al )
3
7,1 1003 2R
2,7 10 3 / 3 + 7,1 10 3 / 3
366. , .
3
1,45R .
M
4 R
4 3
m = =
R
3
3 2
8
.. ,

. .
R
M
M R
7
R
.
0 = M + = ( x + )M
=
14
16
8
8
2
8
367. .. , ,
.
=
70
368. , ,
, .
369.
.
370. .
371. , ,
.
372. , .. m ,

.
373. m = 100 = 0,1;
V = 10/;
tny = 0,5c;
ty = 0,01c;
Fy ?
Py ?
Pny ?
Fny ?
Py = mv mv = 2mv = 2 0,1 10/ = 2 /
Pny = 0 mv = 0,1 10/ = 1 /
Py
2 /
Fy =
=
= 200
ty
0 ,01
Fny =
Pny
tny
1 /
= 20 .
0 ,05
374. x = 20 + 2t t2; m = 2; t1 = 2c; t2 = 5c; P1 ? P2 ?

dx
V=
= 2 2t
dt
P1 = mV(t1) = m(2 2t1) = 2 (2 2 2) / = 4 /
P2 = mV(t2) = m(2 2t2) = 2 (2 2 5) / = 16 /
P P
16 / + 4 /
F= 2 1 =
= 4 .
t2 t1
5 2
F ?
375. x = 25 10t + 2t2;

m = 3; t = 8c; P?
Pc ?
dx
= 10 + 4t
V=
dt
P = mV(t) mV(0) = 3[(4 8 10)/ + 10 /] = 96 /
= P = 96 /.
376. m = 100 ; F = 2,5 = 2,5 103;
t1 = 0,1c;
V1 ?
MV = Ft1
t2 = 0,3c;
V1 =
Ft1 2 ,5 103 H 0 ,1c

=2,5 /2.
=
mt1
100
2 ,5 103 H 0 ,3c
= 7,5 /2.
100
0,3, ..
.
377. m1 = 0,5; m2 = 0,1;
V1 = 6/;
V2 ?
:
m1 0 + m2V1 = (m2 + m1) V2
V1 =
71
m2
0,1
= 6 /
= 1 /
m1 + m2
0 ,5 0 ,1
378. m1 = 0,5; m2 = 0,1; V1 = 6/; V2 = 2/;
V ?
:
m2V1 = m1V m2V2
m ( V + V ) 0 ,1( 6 / 2 / )
V = 2 1 2 =
= 1,6
m1
0 ,5
.. ,
.
379. m1 = 22;
m2 = 12;
V1 = 2,5/;
V2 ?
: m1V1 = (m1 + m2) V2
22
m2
V2 = V1
= 2,5 /
1,6 /
22 12
m1 + m2
380. m = 1,8;
V1 = 6,5/;
V2 = 4,8/;
?
= mV2 mV1 = m(V2 + V1) = 1,8 (4,8/ + 6,5/) 20,3.
F1 = 7,9H;
t2 = 1,2c; F2 = 4,5H
381. m = 12;
t1 = 1,5c;
t = 2,0c;
F = 10H;
V ?
m( V1 V0 ) = F1 t1
m( V 2 V1 ) = F2 t 2
m( V V ) = F t
3
2
3 3
m(V3 V0) = mV = F1t1 + F2t2 + F3t3

7 ,9 H 1,5c + 4,5 H 1,2c + 10 H 2c
F t + F t + F t
V = 1 1 2 2 3 3 =
3 /
12
m
382. V = 2000/; = 100/;
F ?
m = t

mV = Ft
V2 = V1
F = V = 100/ 2000/ = 2 105 .

383. m1 = 30 = 3 104; V1 = 1,5/; m2 = 20 = 2 104; V2?
m1V1 = (m1 + m2)V2
m1
30
V 2= V1
= 1,5 /
= 0 ,9 / .
m1 + m2
20 + 30
m2 = 4;V1 = 8/;
V2 = 3/;
V ?
384. m1 = 6;
1)
m1V1 m2V2 = (m1 + m2)V
m V m2V2 6 8 / 4 3 /
V = 11
=
= 3,6 /
m1 + m2
6 + 4
2)
m1V1 + m2V2 = (m1 + m2)V
m1V1 + m2V2 6 8 / + 4 3 /
V =
=
= 6 / .
m1 + m2
6 + 4
m1 = 10;
V2 = 7/;
m2 = 2;V ?
385. V1 = 1/;
m1V1 m2V2 = (m1 + m2) V
72
m1V1 - m 2 V2
10 1 / 2 7 /
=
0,33 / .
m1 + m2
10 + 2
V1 = 3/;
m2 = 50;
V2 ?
386. m1 = 100;
.. , , ,
m1V1 = (m1 + m2) V2
m1
100
V2 = V1
= 3 /
= 2 / .
m1 + m2
100 + 50
387. 1)
2mV
V1 =
MV1 = 2mV
M
2)
mV
(M + m)V1 = mV
V1 =
m+M
MmV
mV
M mV m + 2 M
MV2
V2 =
= mV
1 +
=
m+M
M m+M M m+M
V =
V1 2mV M m + M
2( m + M )
=
=
V2
M mV m + 2 M
m + 2M
V1 > V2.
388. V = 5/;
M = 70; m = 15; t = 0,1c; V?
F?
:
70
M
V = V
MV = (M + m)V
= 5 /
3,1 /
15 + 70
m+M
mV 15 4 ,1 /
Ft = mV
F=
=
= 615 .
0 ,1
t
389. V = 5/; M = 85;
m = 15;
V ?
.. V,
, V = V = 5/.
390. V , V
. .. ,
, V VA .
:
mV
.
m(V VA) = MVA
VA =
m+M
391. m2 = 70;
m1 = 352 = 3,5 102;
V1 = 320/;
= 60;
V2 ?
m2V2 = m1V1cos
1
3,5 10 2
m1 cos
2 320 / = 8 10 2 / .
V2 =
V1 =
70
m2
3)
392. m = 0,5;
M = 60;
:
V0 = 20/;
= 0,05;
S ?
73
m
m+M
:
(M + m)a = (m + Mg)
a = g
V0
m
m
V + at = 0
V0
= gt;
t=
m+M
g m + M
mV0 = (m + M)V
S = Vt +
V = V0
at 2
m
V
m
m2
g V02
= V0
0
2 2
=
2
m + M g m + M
2 g ( m + M )2
2
V02 m
V m
V2 m
=
= 0
0
2 g m + M
g m + M
g m + M
2
202 2
0 ,5
2 ,8 10 2
2 0 ,5 + 60
2 0 ,05 9 ,8 /
393. S = 0,75;
= 2;
M = 140;
m = 60
V , V4
V4 V.

m
S
V = V4
t=
m(V4 V) = MV
V4
M +m
=
60
m
S
m
=S
= 2
= 0,6 < 0,75 = l
140 + 60
M + m V4
M +m
.
394.
V
t
V= 0
V0sin g 1 = 0
mV0 = (m + 5m)V
6
2
2V0 sin
t1 =
g
l1 = Vt = V4
t2 =
2V0 sin V0 sin

=
g
3g
S1 = V0 cost1 =
2V0 cos sin

g
S2 = V0 cost2 =
2V02 cos sin

18 g
1
35
S1 S2
S
.
= 1 2 = 1
=
S1
S1
36 36
395.
m2V = (m1 + m2)V1
h=
74
gt 2
;
2
V1 = V
t=
2h
;
g
m2
m1 + m 2
= V1t = V
m2
m1 + m 2
2h
.
g
396.
m
m+M

mV0 = (m + M)V V = V0
(m + M)V 2
= (m + M)g(l l cos ) = (m + M)gl( 1 cos ) =
2
= 2(m + M)g l sin
( m + M )V 2 m + M
m2
m2
=
V02
=
V02
2
2
( m + M )2 2( m + M )
V02 =
2( m + M )
m
2( m + M )gl sin
V =
397. mV = 10V;
2
;
2
m+M
sin
2
m
gl
V
V1 = ( gt )2 + ( V )2 ;
10
gt 2
;
g2t2 = 2gH
2
398. = 200; m = 5; 1 = 300;

ml 1
l
t= 1 =
MV2 = mV1
V1 MV2
H=
t , H =
l 2 = V2t =
V0 = 2
V1 = 2 gH +
V2
.
100
2 ?
gt 2
.
2
500
m
l1 =
300 = 7 ,5
200
M
gt 2
, .
2
L ?
399. = 45;
t = 20c; H = 2 = 2 103;
,
V0.
V
V0 gt = 0;
t = 0
g
..
H=
H = V0t
gt 2 V02 g V02 V02

=
2 =
2
g
2 g
2g
V0 = 2 gH = 2 9,8 / 2 2 103 = 198 /

H = V1t +
1 2
gt
2
V1 =
H gt 2000 10 / 2 20
=0
t
2
20
2
75
V2y = V1 = 0
V2x = 2V0 = 396/
t.; L = V2x t = 396/ 20 7,9 .
400. = 45;
= 15; L ?
,
V0.
V0 gT = 0;
V0 = gT;
H = V0T
gT 2
gT 2
=
2
2
gT 2
gT 2
=
.
V1 = 0
2
2
L = 2V0T = 2gT2 = 2 9,8/2 1522 4,4 .
401. V0 = 10/; m1 = 1;m2 = 1,5;
V2 = 25/;
V1 ?
(m1 + m2)V0 = m1V1 + m2V2
( m + m2 )V0 m1V1 ( 1 + 1,5 )10 / 1,5 25 /
=
= 12,5 / .
V1 = 1
m1
1
402. m1 = 0,5; m2 = 0,5;
m3 = 1;V0 = 100/;
V1 ?
(m1 + m2 + m3)V0 = m3V1
0,5 + 0 ,5 + 1
m + m2 + m3
V1 = V0 1
= 100 /
= 200 / .
1
m3
403. , .
, ,
.
404. , .. = F.
A
.
, .. N =
t
405. F, F cos, .. cos < 1 > 0,
F > F cos.
406. = 2500/3; h = 5; V = 0,63; = 1000/3; ?
A = Fh = Vgh( ) = 4,41 104
F = mg gV = Vg( );
3
407. m = 1,3 = 1,3 10 ; = 75; t = 10c; M = 0,05;
A?
H = V1T +
at 2
;
2
a=
2l
t
ma = F mg;
2l
F = m 2 + g
t
2 75
2l
A = F =m
+ g = 1300 75 2 2 + 0 ,05 9,8 / 2
2
t
10
1,94 105 .
408. F = 80H; = 30;
= 100;
?
A = F cos = 80H 100 cos30 6,88 103H.
409. , .. .
h = 25;
A ?
410. m = 100;
a = 2/2;
ma = F Fg;
F = m(a + g)
A = Fh = m(a + g)h = 100 (2/2 + 9,8 /2) 25 = 2,05 104 .
411. m = 2;
h = 10; A = 240;
a ?
76
ma = F mg;
A = Fh
A
240
g =
9 ,8 / 2 = 2 ,2 / 2 .
a=
hm
2 10
412. t = 10c;
m = 15;
A ?
0 5.
10 /
=
= 2/2;
5 10
= 0.
5
2
0 5
F = ma = 5 2/ = 30;
5 10
F = ma = 15 0 = 0.
V(t).
10 / 5
=
= 25.
= Fx = 30 25 = 750.
2
413. Vx = 10 + 2t;
= 60;
t = 10c;
A ?
a = 2/2
F = ma;
at 2
2 / 2 10 2 2
= 10 / 10 +
= 200
2
2
A = F = m 2/2 200 = 400m .
414. R = 20H;
x = 10 + 2t + t2;
t = 5c;
A ?
A = R (x(t) x(0)) = 20H (10 + 2 5 52 10) = 700.
415. R = 50H;
x = 24 + 10t t2; t1 = 5c;
t2 = 10c;
A1 ?
A2 ?
A1 = R(x(t1) x(0)) = 50H (24 + 10 5 52 24) = 1250
A2 = R(x(t2) x(0)) = 50H (24 + 10 10 102 24) = 0.
A2 = 0, .. ,
.
V
V
;
; t1 =
416. 1) at1 =
2
2a
l = V x ( 0 )t +
l1 =
at 12
2
a V2
V2
=
;
2
2 4a
8a
V
2)
+ at2 = V;
2
l2 =
t2 =
A1 = ma 1 = m
V2
8
V
;
2a
V
at 2 V 2 V 2 3V 2
t2 +
=
+
=
2
2
4a 8a
8a
A2 = ma 1 = m
3V 2
A
8 =3
3) 2 =
A3
V2
m
8
4) .. N = FV, .
417. h = 6;
H = 8; m = 200 = 0,2; A ?
A = mgH = 0,2 9,8/2 8 15,7
3V 2
8
A ?
A ?
77
A = mg (h H) = 0,2 9,8/2 (6 8) 3,9

= A + A = 15,7 3,9 = 11,8.
418. = 50; t = 10c; A ?
gt 2 Mg 2 t 2 50 9,82 2 / 4 1022
24 105.
=
=
A = Mg
2

2
2

A3?
419. m = 10;
h = 1; = 10; A1 ? A2?
, ..
, 0, , + 0 + () = 0
1 = mgh = 10 9,8/ 1 = 98 2 = 0
3 = 1 = 98.
420. MVg1 = mV
2mV
.
(M+m)Vg2 = MVg1 + mV = 2mV
Vg2 =
M +m
421.
A = a 2 mg amg = amg ( 2 1), 2 .
l
1l
mg ( 2 1)
=
=
2
2
2 1
1
mg ( 2 1);
=
.
2
2
2
2 = 4 = 4 10 ;
?
A = mg; mg =
422. 1 = 4 = 4 103;
1 =
kx12
2
1 = 0,02;
2 =
kx 22
;
2
2
4 102
x
0 ,02 = 2 .
2 = 2 A1 =
4 103
x1
423. F = 40H;
k = 500H/;
A ?
x1
F
F
x1 =
;
x2 =
=
;
2
2k
k
kx12 kx22 k F 2 F 2 k 3F 2 3F 2
3 402 H 2
=
2 = 2 =
=
= 1,2
2
2
2
2 k
8k
8 500 H /
4k 2 4k
424. m = 2;
x = 4 = 4 102;x1 = 2 = 2 102;
?
2 = 12 = 0,12;
mg
;
mg = kx;
k=
x
k
mg 2
2 9,8 / 2
A = ( x22 x12 ) =
( x2 x12 ) =
( 0,122 2 0,022 2 ) = 3,43 .
2
2x
2 0,04
425. m = 1;
k = 10/;
h = 1;
A ?
A=
mg = kx;
78
kx2 =
m2 g 2
;
k
E k =
kx 2 m 2 g 2
=
;
2
2k
E = mgh

1 9,8 / 2
mg
14,6
) = 1 9,8 / 2 1 +
2 10 /
2k
A = Ek + E = mg( h +
426. = 1;
m = 20;
kx 2 =
mg = kx;
= F = mg; A =
= 0,1; ?
k = 10/;
2
m g
k
A=
kx
+ A
2
2mg
2m2 g 2
+ mg = mg
+ l =
2k
0 ,12 20 9,8 / 2
+ 0 ,1 1 38,8.
=20 9,8/2
2 10 /
3
427. m = 5 = 5 10 ;
h = 15; N = 10 = 104;
= 80% = 0,8;
t ?
t=
A = mgh = Nt;
mgh 5 103 9 ,8 / 2 15
=
92
N
0 ,8 104
428. V = 30/;
F = 100;
= 0,2;
N ?
N = FV = VF = 0,2 30/ 100 = 600.
F = F;
429. = 72 = 7,2 104; m = 5 = 5 103; tg = 0,2 = 0,4;
P = FV;
tg = 0,2;
V =
V ?
F + N + F + mg = 0 .

: F = F + mg sin
y: N = mg cos
F = N
F = mg cos + mg sin
= mg( cos + sin)
P
P
V =
=
F mg ( cos + sin )
11,3;
sin 0,20;
7 ,2 10
5 103 9 ,8 / 2 ( 0 ,4 0 ,98 + 0 ,2 )
cos 0,98
2 ,5 / .
430. H = 60 = 0,6;
L = 1; = 0,1;
?
, 429.
F = mg( cos + sin),
H
L
sin =
;
cos =
2
2
2
H +L
H + L2
mg
F =
( L + H )
= F H 2 + L2 = mg ( L + H )
H 2 + L2
A
H
0 ,6
6
0 = mgH;
= 0 =
=
= 0,86 .
A
L + H 0,1 1 + 0 ,6 7
79
431 = 10; = 0,1; - ?

, 429.
FT = mg (cos + sin ); A = FTL= mg(cos + sin )L; A0 = mg L sin
sin
= 0 =
.
cos + sin
= 10 0,17 .; .. , sin , cos 1.

0,17
=
0,63 = 63%.
+ 0 ,1 + 0,17
= 1.
432 N = 25 = 2,5 104 ; V = 100 3; = 900 /3; h = 6 ;

t = 8 = 480 ; - ?
= mgh = gvh = Nt
= 0, .. =
gvh 800 / 3 9 ,8 / 2 100 3 6

=
= 0 ,39 = 39%.
Nt
2 ,5 104 480
N
N N + N2
433 N1 = F11; N 2 = F22 ; F = F1 + F2= 1 + 2 = 1
;
1 2
( N + N )
.
= 1 2 1
N1 2 + N 21
434 t sin , t. ,
mg(H + tsin ) mgH
+ t sin . N =
=
+ t sin .
t
t
435 .
1)
.
2) .
3)
.
436 .
437 .
438
. .
,
.
439 - .
440 - .
. ,
.
80
N
, .
442 = mg H; A = mg H.; , = 1.
441 .. F =
443
m112 m2 2 2
; 2 =
=
2
2
m1
1 ,
m2
m11 m2 2 = ( m1 + m2 )
( m1 m1m2 )1
m1 + m2
( m1 m2 ) m1
m1 + m2
m1 m2 .
444 , ,
.
, .
445
m12
; 1 = 2 gH .
2
2) .
. dm = h 2 rdr = 2hdr;
r
w = 2 / R = (r)/r; ( r ) = 2 ;
R
mgH =
E = 2dm =
2h02
R2
dr =
2h02 r 4
r
R2
MgH =
R
0
= 2 2 h
22 m22
.
=
4
4
m22
3m22
+ E =
2
4
2 = 2
gH
.
3
2
2
2
=
=
0,8.
3
1
3 2
446 m = 2 ; 0 = 20 /; - ? - ? - ? - ?
3)
1)
2)
m02 2 20 2 2 / 2
=
= 400 .
2
2
= = 400 .
3)
2 20 2 2 / 2
m02
20 .
= mgH. ; = 0 =
2
2g 2 9 ,8 / 2
4)
m02
H m2 m02 m2
= mg +
=
+
2
2
2
4
2
5)
2 =
02
20 /
; = 0
14 / .
2
1,41
2
81
447 0 = 10 / ; ?
m02
= mgH.
2
m02 m 2
. + mgH = 2mgH;
=
2
2
H=
02 102 2 / 2
=
= 2 ,6
4g 4 9,8 / 2
448 0 = 20 ; 1 = 2 ; 2 = 15 ; 1-? 2 - ?
1)
mgH0 =
m12
+ mgH1 ;
2
1 = 2 g ( H 0 H1 ) = 2 9,8 / 2 ( 20 2 ) 18,8 / .
2) 2.
2 = 2 g ( H 0 H 2 ) = 2 9 ,8 / 2 ( 20 15 ) 9 ,9 / .
449 0 = 60 /; m = 200 ; 1 - ? 2 - ?
1 =
m12
+ mgH 1 = const ;
2
02
602 2 /
=
184 . .. 1 m , 2 = 1 = 184 .
2g 2 9 ,8 / 2
450 h1 = 30 = 0,3 ; 1 = 1 = 10-2 ; 2 = 3 = 3 10-2 ; 1-? h2 - ?

mgh1
kx12
2mgh1
; k=
2
x12
m12
= mgh1 ; 1 = 2 gh1 = 2 9,8 / 0 ,3 2,4 / ;
2
mgh2 =
kx 22
2mgh1 x 22
; k=
;
2
2
x12
h 2 = h1
x 22
x12
= 0 ,3
32 2
12 2
451 h = 2 ; = 4 ; 0 - ?
: mgh +
m02
= mgH.
2
0 = 2g(H - h) = 2 9 ,8 / 2 ( 4 2 ) 6,3 / .
452 0 = 20 /; = 300; h = 1 ; - ?
m02 m2
=
+ mgh;
2
2
82
= 2 ,7 .
= 02 gh = 202 / 2 9 ,8 / 2 1 19,8 / .
453 0 = 600 /; m = 10 = 10-2 ; = 450 ; - ?
m 2
= E; =
2
cos =
1
0
2E
; = 0 cos .
m
2E
1
=
m
600 /
2 450
10 2
0 ,5.
= arccos 0,5 = 60 0.
454 , N .
m 2
= mg cos N ;
R
cos =
yR
;
R
m02
yR
= mg
R
R
:
2mgR =
5 mgR = 3mgy
m02
mg ( y R )
mgR
3
+ mgy =
+ mgy = mgy
2
2
2
2
5
R.
3
455 m = 25 ; l = 2,5 ; = 550 ; h - ?

m 2
= T mg cos .
l
os = 0.
m 2
l
m 2
= T mg;
= ( T mg );
l
2
2

mgh =
h=
m 2 l
= ( T mg ) ;
2
2
l( T mg ) 2,5 ( 550 25 9,8,82 )

=
1,56 .
2mg
2 255 9,8 / 2
456 k = 800 H/; = 5 = 510-2 ; m = 20 = 210-2 ; - ?

:
kx 2 m 2
k
800 /
;=2
=
= 5 10 2
= 10 / .
2
2
m
2 10 2
83
457 m = 160 = 0,16 ; = 20 /; = 6,4 = 6,4 10-2 ; F - ?

:
m 2 kx 2
; F = kx;
=
2
2
m 2 0 ,16 20 2 2 / 2
=
= 1000 .
6 ,4 10 2
458 ) . .
F=
m2
m2
, = 0 ,
= T + mg .
l
l
m2
m2 mgl
= mg ;
=
l
2
2
m02 m 2
5
=
+ 2mgl = mgl ; 0 = 5 gl .
2
2
2
) . :
:
m02
= 2mgl ; 0 = 2 gl .
2
459 R = 10 ; h - ?
458
a) 0 = 5 gl l
R N.
m02
5
5
= mgh , R = h; h = : 10 = 25 .
2
2
2
460 m1 = 1 ; m2 = 2 ; 1 = 1 /; 2 = 2 /; - ?
m112 m2 22 1 12 2 / 2 2 22 2 / 2
+
=
+
= 4 ,5 .
2
2
2
2
: m1 1 - m2 2 = (m1 + m2) ;
1 =
=
=
m11 - m 2 2
m + m 2 (m11 m 2 2 ) 2 (m11 m 2 2 ) 2
=
=
; E2 = 1
m1 + m 2
2
2(m1 + m 2 )
(m1 + m 2 ) 2
( 1 1 / 2 2 / )2
= 1,5 .
( 1 + 2 )
E = E2 E1 = 1,5 4,5 = - 3 .
461 m = 15 = 1,5104 ; = 1,4 /2; S = 10 ; = 0,02;
- ? - ? - ?
FC = - mg; AC = FCS = - mgS = -0,02 1,5 104 9,8 /2 10 =
= -2,94 104 .
ma = FT + FC; FT = ma FC = m(a + g);
AT = FTS = m(a + g)S = 1,5 104 (1,4 /2 + 0,02 9,8 /2) 10
2,39105 .
84
= + = 2,39105 0,294 105 2,1 105 .

462 m = 2 = 2103 ; l = 50 ; = 0,4; - ? - ?
F = - mg;
A = Fl = - mg l = -0,4 2 103 9,8 /2 50 = -3,92105 .
= = -3,92105 .
463 0 = 20 /; = 0,005; S - ?
F = - mg; A = FS = - mgS;
2
202 2 / 2
m02
4,1 .
= mg S; S = 0 =
2 2 0,005 9,8 / 2
2
464 :
mgh = ATP;
C :
mgh + ATP= A; A = 2mgh.
0
465 : m1gH =
m112
; 1 = 2gH.
2
: 2 = 2gH.
: m1 1 - m2 2 = (m1 + m2) ;
2gH (m1 m 2 ) = (m1 + m 2 ) ;
= 2gH
m1 m 2
;
m1 + m 2
(m1 + m 2 ) 2
= (m1 + m 2 )gh ;
2
2
m m2
2
m m2 2 1
H.
)
= 2 gH ( 1
= 1
h=
2g
m1 + m2
2 g m1 + m2
466 l1 = 5 ; 1= 2 /; 2 = 4 /; l2 - ?
:
0
m12
= mg l1
2
m22
= mg l2
2
l2 = l1
467
22
= 5
42 2 / 2
=20 .
12
22 2 / 2
1 = 1000 /; 2 = 500 /; m = 10 = 10-2 ; - ?
m 22 m12
=A;
2
2
m 2
102
( 2 12 ) =
( 5002 2 / 2 10002 2 / 2 ) = 3,75 103 .
2
2
468 0 = 14 /; = 240 ; h = 0,2 ; m = 1 ; F - ?
: 0 ( gH +
m02
) = Fh
2
85
m 02
1
)=
F = ( mgH +
h
2
1
1 142 2 / 2
( 1 9 ,8 / 2 240 +
) 1,2 104 .
0 ,2
2
469 l = 1 = 10-2 ; 0 = 10 /; m = 500 ; F - ?
:
=
m02
m02 500 102 2 / 2
=
= 2 ,5 106 .
= Fl ; F =
2l
2
2 10 2
470 m = 100 ; = 400 ; = 5 ; h = 5 c = 5 10-2 ; F - ?
M 02
; 0 = 2 gH .
2
: M 0 = ( M + m ) ;
: MgH =
= 0
( M + m ) 2
M
M
= 2 gH
; 0
= Fh.
2
M +m
M +m
H
M2
5M
4002 2
g
=
9,8 / 2
3,1 105 .
2
h M +m
400 + 100
5 10
471 , .
, .
472 (
); , , .
473 , ..
.
474 0, 0,
. .
F=
02
2
=p+
. .. > 0, > p0. , .
2
2
475 , ,
474.
476 - , ,
, .
477 , -
+ , - ; ,
.
478 , ,
.
479

. ,
+ ,
0 +
86
- . .
480
( )
, , ..

.
.
481 , ..
.
482 S = 4 2 = 4 10-6 2; h = 80 = 0,8 ; = 24 = 86400 ; - ?
.
mgh =
m 2
; = 2 gh ; V = tS ;
2
= V = tS = 2 gh tS = 103 / 86400 4 106 2

2 9 ,8 / 2 0 ,8 136,9 .
483 , ,
. ,
, .
484
.. - ,
+ , ,
.
.
485 ) .
.
) . .
) .
( ).
) . ,
, . .
) . .
) .
.
) . ,
.. .
) , .
.
87
486 .
. .
,
.
487 , , .
488 .. =
g
, (g = 0) = 0.
L
.
489 = 0,1 ; = 2 .
490 , = 1 ; m = 2 ; k - ?
m
4 2m 4 2 2
;k=
=
80 / .
k
T2
12 2
491 = 4 ; l - ?
T = 2
T 2 g 4 2 c 2 9,8
l
;l=
=
3,92 .
g
4 2
4 3,14 2
492 k = 40 H/; m - ? A - ? T - ? - ?
: = 1 ; = 0,05 .
T = 2
m
kT 2 40 H / 12 2
1
1
; m=
=
1 .
=
= 1 ; = 2
K
1
4 2
4 3,142
493 = 40 /; - ? - ? 0 ?
: = 1 ; = 0,02 .
2
2
2 3,14
; 0 =
A
0 = ; =
0 ,02 0 ,13 / .
T
T
1c
494 . :
= 0,04 ; = 1 . : = 0,12 ; = 0,40 ; :
= 0,06 ; = 2 .
l.
l=
T 2g
4 2
: l =
: l =
: l =
12 c 2 9,8,82
4 3,142
0 ,25 .
0,42 c 2 9,8,82
4 3,142
22 c 2 9,8,82
0,04 .
1 .
4 3,142
495 1 = 40 /; m - ? K2 - ? K3 - ?
. :
1 = 0,4; = 0,1 . : 2 = 0,2; = 0,2 . :
3 = 0,1 ; = 0,1 .
88
m. m =
: m =
K1T1
4 2
40H/ 0,42 2
4 3,142
: K 2 = 40 /
0 ,16 . K 2 =
0 ,42 2
T22
= K1
T12
T12
= 160 .
0 ,22 2
: K 3 = 1
4 2 m
T12
= 40 /
2
T31
.
0 ,42 2
0 ,12 2
= 640 / .
496 l = 10 ; = 20 ; (t) - ?
g
=
e
9 ,8 / 2
1 1.
10
497 = 1 ; = 40 /; m = 500 = 0,5 ; (t) - ?

40 H /
=
8,9 1 . .
m
0 ,5
498 = 10 /; = 5 ; m - ?
T = 2
m
KT 2 10 / 52 2
; m=
= 6 ,25 .
K
4 2
4 3,142
499 = 2 104 /; m = 500 ; - ?

= 2
m
500
2 3,14
= 1.
K
2 104
l
gT 2 9 ,8 / 2 22 2
; l=
=
= 1.
g
4 2
4 3,142
501 g1 = 1,7 /2; g2 = 9,8 /2; 2 = 1; 1 - ?
500 = 2 ; l - ?; = 2
1 = 2
l
l
; 2 = 2
; T1 g1 = T2 g 2 ;
g1
g2
1 = 2
g2
9,8 / 2
= 1c
= 2,4.
g1
1,7/ 2
502 = 250 /; N = 20; t = 16 c; m - ?

t2
K
Kt 2
250 / 162 2
1 K
N
=
;m= 2 2 =
= 4 .
2
2
2 m
t
N 4
4 N
4 3,142 202
503 l = 80 c = 0,8 ; t = 3 = 180 ; N = 100; g - ?
89
g
4 2 N 2l 4 3,142 1002 0 ,8
9 ,88 / 2.
; g=
l
t2
1802 2
l
504 N1 = 15; N2 = 10; 1 ?
l2
1
N
=
2
t
N1
1
=
t
2
l1 N 2
1
;
=
g
t
2
l2 N1
;
=
g N2
l1 l1 N12 152
;
=
=
= 2,25.
l2 l2 N 22 102
l1
?
l2
, 504.
505 N1 = 10; N2 = 30;
l1 N12 102 1
=
=
= = 0 ,11.
l2 N 22 302 9
506 N1 = 50; N2 = 30; l = 32 ; l1 - ? l2 - ?
, 504.
32c
l
l1 N12
=
; l1 = l2 + l; l2 = 2
= 2
= 18.
l2 N 22
50
N1
1
1
N 22
302
l1 = l2 + l = 32 c + 18 = 50 .
507 m = 400 = 0,4 ; = 250 /; = 15 = 0,15 ;
max - ? 0 - ? - ?
=
KA2 250 / 0 ,152 2

=
2 ,8 ;
2
2
2E
2 2 ,8
m 2 max
= E ; max =
=
3,7 .
2
m
0 ,4
.. , = max,
, 0 = 0.
508 = 1 ; = 30 = 0,3 ; max - ? max - ?
A A 3,14 0 ,3
2
; max = =
= 0,94 / .
2
1
A 2 2 A 2 3,142 0,3
=
= 5,92 / 2 .
2
T2
12 2
509 , .
:
max = 2
= ( t - nT) -
90
g(t - nT) 2
,
2
t
n = , [x] .
T
.
.
510 , , F0cos t, .
511 ,
. ,
, ,
.
512 , ..
.
513 = 1,6 ; l = 60 = 0,6 ; - ?
,
.
l
0,6
= =
= 0 ,375 / .
T
1,6
514 , .. .
515 .
516 ,
.
517 .
518 , .. .
519 ,
, .
520 ,
.
521
, . ,
.
522 ,
, .. 440 .
523 = 6 /; = 3 ; - ? - ?
3
1 6 /
= ; = =
= 0 ,5 ; = = =
= 2 .

3
6 /
524 t = 10 c; N = 20; = 1,2 ; - ?

N 20 1,2
t
= ; =
=
= 2,4 / .
N
10
t
525 t = 50 c; = 0,5 ; t = 5 c; N = 20; S - ?
t
t
50
S = t; =
= 100 .
; S = N = 20 0 ,5
t
5
N
526 = 5 ; t = 1 c; N1 = 4; N2 = 2; k - ? - ?
91
N1 = ( k + )t
N2 = ( k - )t
5
( N1 + N 2 ) =
( 4 + 2 ) = 15 / ;
k=
2t
2 1
5
( N1 N 2 ) =
( 4 2 ) = 5 / .
=
2t
2 1
527 1 = 90 ; 2 = 9000 ; 1 - ? 2 - ?
11= ; 1 =
330 /
=
= 3,7 ;
90
1
22= ; 2 =
330 /
=
= 0,037 ;
2 9000
528 = 440 ; 1 - ? 2 - ?
330 /
1500 /
= 0,75 ; 2= 2; 2 = 2 =
1= 1; 1 = 1 =
= 3,41;
440
440
1 2 .
529 t = 2c; T = 36c; - ?
T = ( + )t;
t
2
=
= 330 /
19,4/.
T-t
36 2
530 S = 68 ; t - ?
2S
2 68
T=
=
0,41.
330 /
;-?
531 m = 200 = 0,2 ; = 18 10-3
m 0,2 10 3
=
11 .
M
18
532 .. , ,
.
m v
533 , =
, v
=
M M
, - , . ,
92
Hg Al
Al
l
Hg l

13600 3
2,7 103 / 3
Hg
6,7 104 .
=
= 105 3
=
MHg
3
3
27 10
0,201
.
534 .. , ,
. m = ; v = ; v =
.
207103
3
3
= 105 M Pb =
1,8 105
.
A Pb
2,7 103
11,3 103
3
3
27 10
=
Al
Pb Al
=
Al
Pb
Al
, .
535 = 98 10-3
; = 20 ; m - ?; m = = 1960 10-3 2 .
; = 2,7 103
; = 12 ; V - ?
536 = 27 10-3
m M
=
=
V=
12
= 1, 2 10 4 3 .
3
2,7 10
3
27 10 3
537 m 0 =
M
, .
NA
44 103
26
= 8 10 ;
7,3 1026 ;
m0 (O3) =
m0 (O2 ) =
23 1
23 1
6 10
6 10
16 103
2,7 1026 .
m0 (4 ) =
23 1
6 10
;N-?
538 m = 250 = 0,25 ; = 4 10-3
1
0, 25 6 10 23
mN A
m
; N = N A =
=
=
= 3,75 10 25 .
M
M
3
4 10
48103
93
539 m = 54 = 0,054 ; = 108 10-3

mN A
m
= ; N = N A =
=
M
M
;N-?
0,054 6 10 23
0,108
1
= 3 10 23.
540 .. , ,
.
m
541 : N = N A =
NA =
M
v
=
. , Al Fe .
M NA
M Al
M Fe
3
3
Al
2,7 10 / 3
.
5 Fe
=
= 10
=
1,4 105
M Al 27 10 3 /
3 M Fe 56 10 3
7,8 10
.
m
542 N = N A ; m = V = Sh ;
8900
8 10 2 2 1,5 10 6 6,02 10 23 1
ShN A
3
N=
=
= 1,1 1022.
0,059 /
543 h = 10 ; S = 20 2 = 20 106 2 = 2 107 2; m = 0,01 = 10-5 ;

V = 2 c3 = 2 10-6 3; = 59 10-3 /. N - ?
m
m
mv
V1 = hS; =
; m1 = v =
=
;
V1 hS
hs
1
105 2 106 3 6 1023
1017 6 1023
m
mVN
1
A
N = NA
=
=
=
106.
5
,
9
M
hSM
6 2
3
10 20 10 59 10
544 V = 0,003 3 = 3 10-3 3 = 3 10-12 3; S = 300 3 = 3 10-2 2;

d-?
V
= 10-10 .
V = dS d =
S
545 , , ..
, ,

, .
546 ,
.
547 .
94
548 .
549 ,
.
550 - .
551 .
.
552 ,
. - .
553 - , .
554 F t = m V . vx = vx, vy = -vy, vy = vsin.
v = (v y - v y ) 2 + (v x - v x ) 2 = v y v y = 2v y = 2 sin .
, F Fy = F.
NF
pS
Ft = 2m0 sin ; p =
; F=
; N = n V = n Sh = n S t sin .
S
N
pS
= 2m0v sin ; p = 2nm0v2sin2.
n S t sin
555 = 400 /; n = 2,7 1019 -3 = 2,7 1025 -3; = 32 10-3 .
p=
1
1 M 2 1
3,2 103
nm0 2 = n
= 2,7 1025 3
4002 2 / 2 =
3
3 NA
3
6 1023
2,7 32 16
103 76,8 103 = 76,8.
36
556 V = 480 c3 = 480 10-6 3 = 4,8 10-4 3; = 200 = 293 ;
N
= 2,5 104 2 ; N - ?; p = nKT = KT ;
V
pV 2,5 104 4,8 104 3

2,5 4,8 36
10 2,97 1021.
=
=
KT
1
,
38
2
,
93
23
1,38 10
293
3
557 V = 2 ; = 150 = 1,5 105 ; = 27 = 300 ; N - ?
N=
1,5 10 5 2 3
10
10 25 7,2 10 25.
=
1,38
23
2
1,38 10
3 10
; V = 1 3;
558 p= 0,0011 .. = 0,146 ; = 0,201
= 20 = 293 ; m - ?
V
m
0,146 1
= 0,201
1,2 10 5 = 12 .
V =
RT ; m = M
RT
M
8,31 293
559 p = 1,33 10-10 ; V = 10-6 3; = 273 + 48 = 321 .
p = nKT =
pV
N
=
KT ; N =
KT
V
95
V =
pVN A
m
m
m pV
RT ; N = N A ;
; N=
;
=
M
M RT
RT
1,33 1010 10 -6 6,02 10 23

= 3 10 4 .
8,31 321
N=
560 = 10-4 ; NA = 6,02 1023 -1; R = 8,31
= 273 + 20 = 293 .
m
m
N pVN A pN A
V =
RT ; N = VN A =
N A; n =
;
=
M
M
V
RTV
RT
10 -4 6,02 10 23
= 2,5 1016 3 .
8,31 293
561 .
562 , ..
- .
563 1 = 0,1 ; 2 = 6000 ; v1, v2 - ?
n=
mv 2
3
; mv2 = 3 KT; v =
; =
2
2
v1 =
3 1,38 10 23 10 1 6 10 23
4 10 3
3KT
=
m
3KTN A
.
M
/ = 10 6,21 = 25 / .
3 1,38 10 23 6 10 3 6 10 23
/ = 10 37,3 = 6,1 10 3 / = 6,1 / .

4 10 3
564 v = 400 /; = 105 ; m = 1 , V - ?
v2 =
pV =
m
m v2 3
M 2
mv 2
RT ; 0 = KT ; m0 v 2 = 3KT;
v = 3KT ; T =
;
M
2
2
NA
3KN A
m
Mv 2
mv 2 1 4002 2 / 2
RT
; V=
=
0,53 3.
M
3KN A
3p
3 105
565 = 0,029 /.
pV =
=
1
=
2
1
M
3KT
;
+ m0 =
=
m0
NA
2
0,029
6,02 10
23
1,74 10
-31
566 m = 9,1 10
mv2 = 3 KT;
v=
96
3
=
m
12
m 02
=
m 01
= 1,6 10 7 ;
M
;
N A m 01
2
= 6 10 6 ;
1
; = 20 = 293 ; v - ?
3 1,38 1023 / 2,93 102

9,1 1031
= 1,15 105 / .
567 v = 500 /; = 1,35 /3; - ?

1
1
1
= nm0 v 2 = v 2 = 1,35 / 3 25 105 2 / 2 = 1,1 10 5 .
3
3
3
568 m = 6 ; V = 5 3; = 200 = 2 105 ; v - ?
1
1
1m 2
3 pv
3 2 105 53
v ;v=
m0nv 2 = v 2 =
=
= 7,1102 / .
m
6
3
3
3V
569
, .
d
d
; = 2V; 5,4 0,1 .
570 t. t = ; t =
;=
p=
2dV
2 3,14 0,02 150 1
=
= 200 / .
0,1
571 v1 = 1840 /; v2 = 460 /; 1, 2 - ?
1 =
m1v12 M1v12 2 103 / 1,842 106 2 / 2

=
=
= 0,56 10 20 .
2
2N A
2 6 1023 1
m 2 v12 M 2v12 32 103 / 4,62 104 2 / 2

=
=
= 0,56 10 20 .
2
2N A
2 6 1023 1
1 = 2.
572 v = 460 / = 4,6 102 /; m = 5,3 10-26 ; = 32 10-3 /;
= 105 ; = 293 ; V = 1 3; 1, 2 - ?
2 =
mv12 M1v12 5,3 1026 4,62 104 2 / 2

=
=
= 5,6 10 21 .
2
2
2
PVM
Nm
V =
RT ; N =
;
M
mRT
2=NE1=
1 =
VM mv 2 PVMv2 105 13 3,2 103 / 4,62 104 2 / 2

=
=
=
mRT 2
2 RT
2 8,31
2,93 102

= 1,4 104 .
=
m 2 5,3 10 26 460 2
3
=
=
= 5,6 10 21 .
2
2
2
pVN A
pV
m
N A; E =
= NE0 N =
NA =
=
RT
RT
M
0 =
10 5 1 6,02 10 23 5,6 10 21
= 2,5 10 4 .
8,31 (273 + 20)
573 = 290 ; = 0,8 ; - ? n - ?
97
3
3
= RT E = 1,38 10 23
2,9 102 = 6 10 21 .
2
2
p
0,8 105
=
= 2 1026 3.
KT 1,38 10 23 2,9 102
574 V = 10 = 10-2 3; = 27 = 300 ; = 4,2 = 4,2103 ;

N - ?
p
;
pV= RT ; (p - )V = (V - V) RT; = RT ; =
RT
= nkT; n =
4,2 10 3
= 10 24.
2
23
1,38 10
3 10
575 = 150 ; v1 = 400 /; v2 = 500 /; v = 600 /; ` - ?

pN A p
=
=
RT
RT
N = NA =
mv 22 mv12 3
3KT
= KT ; m =
;
2
2
2
v 22 v12
m( v 32 v 22 )= 3K`;
v32 v22
T `=
v22
N2
576
m H2
VH 2
=
VN 2
577
v12
N H2
mO2 V 2 O2
98
M N2
M H2
v22 v12
6002 5002
5002 4002
28
= 14;
2
= 3KT `;
K = 150
36 25
11
K = 150 K = 183K
25 16
9
E H 2 = E N2 ;
m H 2V 2 H 2
m
N O2
m
M H2
M H2
M O2
mH2 V 2 H2
2
2 1
= ; EO = E H ;
2
2
32 6
VO2
VH2
mH2
mO2
1 1
= ;
6 4
2 NH 2
2
EH ;
n H 2 ; E H2 =
2
3 V
3
N
PH 2
N H2
2 O2
2
=
= 16.
EO ;
= nO2 ; ; E O 2 =
2
PO2
N O2
3 V
3
PH 2 =
PO2
T = 150
v32 v22
m N 2V 2 N 2
mN 2
2
2
= 14 = 3,7; PH 2 = nEH 2 ; N2 = hE N 2 ; 2 = N2.
3
mH 2
3
N O2
3KT =
mv 32 mv 22 3
= KT `;
2
2
2
578 m 0 =
m 2
M
3
; E 0 = KT = 0 ;
NA
2
2
m 2
3p
2
nE = nKT = n 0 ; n =
3
2
m 0 2
p=
= 1,9 10-10 ( )
l=
=
nd 2 2
m 0 2
3 pd 2 2
M 2
3 N A pd 2 2
0,04 4,142
3 6,02 10
10 5 3,14 (1,9 10 10 ) 2 2
23
=
= 2,4 10 7 ;
4,14
=
= 1,73 10 9 c 1 ;
l 2,14 10 7
p
579 p = nKT; n =
;
KT
V=
l=
KT
1,38 10 23 (273 + 20)
nd 2 2 pd 2 2 10 5 3,14(3 10 8 ) 2 2
580 10-3 .. = 0,133 .
l=
1
nd
1,38 10 23 (273 + 0 )
0,33 3,14(3 10
10 2
) 2
= 1,2 10 7 .
= 7,1 10 2 .
581 D . l 0.
1
1
1
; n=
l=
=
=
2
2
nd 2
ld 2 Dd 2 2
1
=
= 1,3 1019 3 .
0,2 3,14 (3 10 10 ) 2 2
582 - .
1
VN
, .. .
=
2
2
p
3KT
1
3KT pd 2 2
;
; n=
; V =
l=
=
2
KT
l
m0
m0
KT
nd 2
V =
=
6 pd 2
m 0 KT
m0 =
; N=
pVN A
m
NA =
;
M
RT
6 p 2VNAd 2
M
; =
2
RT
NA
NA
=
MKT
99
6 1,32 0,00253 6,02 10 23 3,14 (3 10 10 ) 2

2
8,31 400
6,02 10 23
0,044 1,38 10 23 400
= 1,33 1022 -1.

583 , 3 = V0
1
1
V 1
3 = = ; x =
; l=
;
Nx3 = V
3
N n
n
nd 2 2
2
nd 2 2
N mN A
; = 0,002 /
=
= n 3 d 2 2 ; n =
=
3
V
MV
l
n
?
l
mN A
, = 3
d 2 2.
l MV
584 , .. ,
.
585 = 830 ; V = 20 = 0,02 3; = 17 = 290 ; = 210-3 /
m
pV =
RT;
M
pVM 8,3 10 5 2 10 2 3 2 10 3 /
=
= 1,4 10 2 = 14 .
RT
2
8,31
2,9 10

586 = 105 ; = 20 = = 293 ; V = 100 = 0,1 3; ? N - ?
m=
10 5 10 1 3
= 4,1.
8,31
2,93 10 2

1
=24,6 1023.
N = NA= 4,1 6 1023
587 = 28 10-3 /; m = 2 = 2 10-3 ; V = 830 3 = 8,310-7 3;

= 0,2 = 2 105 ; -?
pV = RT;
pV =
V
=
RT
m
pVM 2 10 5 8,3 10 4 3 2,8 10 2 /
RT; =
=
= 280
Rm
M
8,31
2 10 3

588 2 = 367 = 640 ; 1 = 47 = 320; V1 = 1,8 = 1,8 10-3 3;
V2 = 0,3 = 3 10-4 3; 1 = 105 ; 2 - ?
1 V1 p 2V 2
;
=
T2
T1
2 = 1
V1 T2
1,8 10 3 3 640
= 10 5
= 1,2 10 6 = 1,2.
V2 T1
0,3 10 3 3 320
589 V = 40 = 40 10-3 3; m = 1,98 ; = 4,4 10-2 /;
100
= 30 105 / = 3 106 /2; - ?

m
RT;
pV =
M
pVM 3 10 6 4 10 2 3 4,4 10 2 /
=
= 3,2 10 2 = 320 .
Rm
8,31
1,98

590 m = 16 = 1,6 102 ; = 1 = 106; = 112 = 385;
V = 1,6 = 1,6 10-33; - ?
1,6 10 3 8,31
3,85 10 2
mRT
m
=
RT; M =
=
pV =
M
pV
10 6 1,6 10 3
= 32 10-3 /. 2.
4
591 1 = 500 ; = ; 2 - ?
5
(1 ) m
m
1 =
RT ; 2 = (1 - ) 1 = 100 .
RT ; 2 =
M
M
592 V = 200 = 2 10-1 3; 1 = 100 = 105 ; 1 = 17 = 290 ;
; 2 = 300 = 3 105 ; = 47 = 320 ; m - ?

= 4 10-3
p
mR
m
m + m
RT1 ;
RT2 ;
p, V =
= 1 ; p 2V =
MV T1
M
M
=
p 2 mR mR
=
+
;
T2 MV MV
p
p MV
p
p2
mR
= 1+
; m = 2 1
;
T2 T1 MV
T
T
1 R
2
3 10 5
10 5
m =
3,2 10 2 2,9 10 2
= 56,64 10-3 57 .
4 10 3 / 2 10 1 3
8,31

593 = 2 10-3 /; V = 10 = 10-2 3; 1 = 7 = 280 ; 2 = 17 = =

290 ; = 500 = 5 106 ; m - ?
m
m
pVH
pVH
; pV = 2 RT2 ; m 2 =
;
pV = 1 RT1 ; m1 =
RT1
RT2
M
M
m =
pVM 1
1 5 10 6 10 2 3 2 10 3 /
=
=
R
T1 T2
8,31

10 2 10 2
6
6
= 10 2 2( ) = 2 (2,14 2,07) = 10 2 = = 1,5 .

2
,
8
2
,
9
28
29
594 1 = 400 ; 1 = 200 ; 2 = 104 ; 2 - ?

1 = nKT1; p2 = 2nKT2;
101
p2 = 2p1
2
10 4
= 2 4 10 2
= 4 10 4 = 40.
2
1
2 10
595 = 27 = 300 ; = 200 = 105 ; M = 28 10-3 /; - ?

pM 10 5 28 10 3 /
m
RT ; p =
RT ; =
=
= 1,1.
RT
M
M
8,31
3 10 2

596 n1 = 2,7 1025 -3; 1 = 293 ; 1 = 105 ; 2 = 91 = 364 ;
2 = 800 = 8 105 ; 2 = 5,4 /3; m0 - ?
p2 = n2KT2; m0p2 = 2KT2;
pV =
2 2 5,4 / 3 1,38 10 23 / 364

=
= 3,4 10 26 .
2
8 10 5
: 5,4 103 /3.
597 m1=7 =710-3 ; 1 = 27 = 300 ; 1 = 50 ; 2 = 210-3 /;
2 = 60 = 333 ; 2 = 444 = 4,44 105 ; m2 = 4 = 410-3 ;
1 - ?
p M
m
m
p M
p p1 M 1
1V = 1 RT1 ;
; p 2V = 2 RT2 ; 2 2 = 1 1 ;
=
V
m1T1
m1T1
M1
M2
m 2 T2
m0 =
p 2 m1T1
4,44 10 5 7 10 3 3 10 2
M2 =
2 10 3
=
p1 m 2 T2
5 10 4 4 10 3 3,33 10 2
=28 10-3 /.
598 = gh; h =
;
g
M1 =
m RT 1,28 10 2 8,31 (273 + 27)

=
= 0,997 10 5 .
M V
0,032 0,01
= 105 .
300
h =
= 105 0,997 105 = 300 .;
0,3c
9,8 1000
p =
599 V = 5 = 5 10-3 3; = 2,8 10-2 /3; = 0,5 104 ; = 105 ;

= 400 ;, m, n - ?
(p + pA)V = RT;
( + )V 1,5 10 5 5 10 3 3
=
= 0,226 .
RT
8,31
4 10 2

m = M = 0,226 2,8 10-2 / 6,3 10-3 .
N N A 0,226 6 10 23
=
=
2,7 10 25 3 .
3 3
V
V
5 10
600 m1 = 1 ; 1 = 2,8 10-2 /; = 350 = 623 ;
N=
102
2 = 2 10-3 /; = 20 = 293 ; = 5; m2 - ?
m
m
m
1
1 m1
pV = 1 RT ;
pV = 2 RT ;
T = 2 T ;
M1
M2
M2
M1
1 M 2 T
1 623K 2
m1 =
1 = 30 .
5 293K 28
1 T
601 = 700 .. = 9,31 104 ; m1 = 4 = 4 10-3 ;
m2 =
1 = 2 10-3 /; m2 = 32 = 3,2 10-2 ; 2 = 3,2 10-2
= 7 = 280 ; - ?
m
m
p1V = 1 RT ; p 2 V = 2 RT ; 1 + 2 = ;
M1
M2
V=
m1 RT
;
M 1 p1
p1 =
m1 RT m 2
=
RT ;
M 1 p1 M 2
p2 =
m M1
m2 M 1
p1 ; p1 + 2
p1 = p;
m1 M 2
m1 M 2
m M1
p
p
; p2 = 2
p1 =
;
m1 M 1
m1 M 1
m1 M 2
1+
1+
m2 M 2
m2 M 2
m2 M 1
m1 M 2
RT m1 m 2
;
=
+
p
p M 1 M 2
m + m2
p( m1 + m 2 )
= 1
=
=
V
m1 m 2
RT
+
M1 M 2
m RT m1 RT
V= 1
=
M 1 p1
M1
1+
9,31 104 (3,2 102 + 0,4 102 )

= 0,48 /3.
3
2
4
10
3
,
2
10
8,31
+
2,8 102
2 103 / 3,2 10 2 /

602 V1 = 1,64 = 1,6410-3 3; m = 12 ; 1 = 20 = 293 ;

1 = 5,86 105 ; V2 = 30 = 3 10-23; 2 = 360 ; 2 - ?
m O2
m N2
m RT
p O 2 V1 =
RT ; p N 2 V1 =
RT ; V1 = O 2 1 ;
M O2 pO 2
M O1
M N1
mO2 + mN2 = m; pO2 + pN2 = p1; p N2 =

pN 2 + pN 2
m
m O2
= pO 2 N 2 ;
M N2
M O2
m
M O2
mN 2 M O 2
;
= p1; p O 2 = p N 2 N 2
M N 2 mO 2
M N 2 mO 2
103
PN 2 =
PN 2 =
P1 V1
p1
m N 2 M O2
1+
M N 2 mO 2
; mO2 = m mN2;
p1 M N 2 (m m N 2 )
p1
;
=
m N 2 M O2
M N 2 (m m N 2 ) + M O 2 m N 2
1+
M N 2 m m N2
M N 2 (m m N 2 )
m
= N 2 RT1 ;
M N 2 (m m N 2 ) + M O 2 m N 2 M N 2
2
2
p1V1 M N2 2 m p1V1 M N2 2 m N 2 = M N 2 mRT1 mN 2 M N 2 m N
2 RT + M O 2 mN 2 RT1;
RT1 ( M O 2 M N 2 )m N2 2 + ( M N 2 mRT1 + p1V2 M N2 2 )m N 2 p1V1 H N2 2 m = 0;

D = (M N2 mRT1 + p1 N 1 M N 2 )2 + 4 RT1 ( M O 2 M N 2 ) p1V1 M N2 2 m .
pV =
M =
m
RT ;
M
mRT 0,012 8,31(273 + 29)

=
= 0,0304 / .
pV
5,86 10 5 1,64 10 3
m
m
m
; M = 0,032 Ma = 0,028
+ a =
M Ma M
ma = m m; m = 0,012;
0,12 m a
m
0,012
;
+ a =
0,032
0,028 0,0304
4,46ma = 0,0197; ma = 4,4 10-3;
.
m a RT1 4,4 10 3 8,31 360
=
= 1,56 10 4 .
M a V1
0,028 3 10 2
603 l = 85 = 0,85 ; 1 = 210-3 /; 2 = 32 10-3 /; - ?
m
m
pV1 =
RT ; pV2 =
RT ; V1 + V2 = lS;
M1
M2
V1 = xS, V2 = S (l x);
p=
pxS =
m
RT
M1
p(l x)S =
pS 1 m
;
=
RT x M 1
104
m
RT
M2
m
m
RT
plS =
+
M
M
2
1
pS 1 m
m
=
+
RT l M 1 M 2
m 1
1 m 1
=
;
+
l M 1 M 2 x M 1
1 M1 + M 2
l M 1 M 2
1 1
=
x M ;
1
1 M1 + M 2
l M 2
1
M2
32
= ; x=
l=
85c = 80.
x
M1 + M 2
34
604 V = 40 = 4 10-2 3; = 15 = 1,5 107 ; h = 20 ; V - ?

pV
pV = RT; ( p A + ghV ) = RT ;
= 1;
ghV
pV
1,5 10 7 4 10 2 3
=
= 2 3.
gh + p A 10 3 / 3 10 / 2 20 + 10 5
605 V = 100 = 0,1 3; m1 = 2 = 2 10-3 ; 1 = 2 10-3 /;
2= 1 ; = 127 = 400 ; 1, 2 - ?
m RT
m
2RT
V
; p N 2V = 1 RT ; p N 2 = 1
;
= RT ; p N2 =
p N2
V
M 1V
2
M1
1 = H2; p2 = pH2 + pN2;
2 10 3 8,31
4 10 2
33,2;
p1 =
2 10 3 / 10 1 3
2 1 8,31
4 10 2
66,5;
pN2 =
10 1 3
p2 = 99,7 .
V=
606 V = 200 2 = 210-43; m1 = 2 = 2 10-6 ; m2 = 4 = 410-6;

= 270 = 300 ; 1, 2 - ?
m
p 2 V = 2 RT ;
M2
3 10 2

= 1,2 10 4 = 12;
3
4 3
4 10 / 2 10
2 2 10 6 8,31
3 10 2
2m1 RT
p`=
=
= 25 10 3 =
m1V
2 10 3 / 2 10 4 3
= 25 103 = 25 ;
1 = 2 + ` = 37 .
607 h = 24 c = 0,24 ; l = 1 ; 0 = 293 ; = 105 ; h = 6 ;
1, 2 - ?
p h R
p0hS = RT0; 0 =
;
S
T0
m RT
p2 = 2
=
M 2V
4 10 6 8,31
p0 = pA + g(l h) = 105 + 13,6 103 /3 2,8 /2 0,76 2,01 105 ;
105
(pA + g (l h))hS = RT0; p1 (h + h)S = RT1; p1 = pA + g (l h - h) =

=p0 - gh; (p0 - gh)( h + h)S = RT1; (p0 - gh)( h + h)S =
(p0 - gh)( h + h)S = p 0 h
T1 =
=
( p 0 gh )(h + h)
p0 h
T1
;;
T0
T0 =
(2 10 5 13,6 10 3 / 3 9,8 / 2 0,06 ) 0,3

2 10 5 0,24
p2 = pA; p2lS = RT2;

T2 =
p 2 l R
;
=
S
T2
273 327 .
p 2l p0 h
;
=
T0
T2
p2l
105 1
T0 =
273 = 568 .
p0 h
2 105 0,24
608 p1nS = RT1; p1 = p0 + gh; p 2 (hS1 2( p 0 + gh)
2 p 0 + gh
hS
hS
hS
2
609 p 0 LS = RT0 ; p
0 =
R
T1 ; ;
S
T1
;
T2
hS
) = RT2 ; p2 = p0 + g h ;
2
2
T1 4( p 0 + gh)
;
=
T2
2 p 0 + gh
LS
= RT ;
3
p = p 0 + g
9 p0
T
L
;
= 0 ;
3 3 p 0 + gL T
9p 0
T;
3p 0 + gL
4 3
r ;
3
p + gH
(p0 + gh)V(h) = (p0 + gh)V0; V (h) = 0
V0 ;
p 0 + gh
610 p(h) = p0 + gh; p(h)V(h) = RT; V =
4 3 p 0 + gH
V0 ;
r =
3
p 0 + gh
r =3
3( p 0 + gH )
V0 ;
4 ( p 0 + gh)
611 r = 2 = 2 10-2 ; = 20 = 293 ; 0 = 105 ; 1 = 4 = 277 ;

h = 20 .
p0
T
r3
4
4 3
;
=
p 0 r 3 = RT;
r1 ( p 0 + gh) = RT1 ;
3 p + gh
3
T
3
r1 0
1
r1 = 3
T1
p0
277 K
105
r=3
2 = 1,36 .
T p0 + gh
293K 105 + 103 / 3 10 / 20
612 D = 10 ; m = 10 ; T1 = 27 C = 300 K; p = 735 .. = 105 ;
106
- ?
V=
D
pM
pM
m
; 2 =
;
; pV = RT1 ; 1 =
RT1
RT2
M
6
pM 1
1 D 3
D 3

; m=
;
6
R T1 T2 6
1
1
6mR
1
1
6mR
;
;
=
=
=
T1 T2 D 3 Mp
T2 T1 D 3 Mp
mg = ( 1 - 2 )g
6mR
1
T2 =
DMR
6 10 8,31 /( )
300 K
3 3
5
3
3,14 10 29 10
10
= 305 .
613 = 1 /2; 1 = 4 10-3 /; 2 = 29 10-10 /;
= 0 = 273 ; = 105 ; r - ?
S = 4r 3 ; mg = (2 - 1) gV; m = (2 - 1) V;
3
4
;
4r 2 = ( 2 - 1 ) r 3 ; r =
3
2 1
m
m
pM 1
pM 2
pV = 1 RT ; pV = 2 RT ; 1 =
; 2 =
;
RT
RT
M1
M2
3 1
8,31
2,73 10 2
2
3RT
r=
= 2,72 .
=
p(M 2 - M 1 )
10 5 (29 4) 10 3 /
614 1 = 730 .. = 9,71 104 ; = -15 = 258 ;
2 = 710 .. = 9,44 104 ; = -20 = 253 ;
V = 300 3; m - ?
p1 M
p M
m
m
; p2V =
p1 V =
RT1 ; 1 =
RT2 ; 2 = 2 ;
M
RT1
M
RT2
m1 = m0 + m; m1 = m2 + m; m2 = m0;
m2g = gV2; m0 = 2 V;
m = (1 - 2)V =
M p1 p 2
29 10 3 /
300 3 =
R T1 T2
8,31

9,71 10 4 9,44 10 4
300 3 = 3,4.
2,58 10 2
2,53 10 2
615 p0V0 = RT; (p p0)V = nRT; (p p0)V = np0V0; p = p0 (1 + n
V0
);
V
107
p0V = 0RT; 0 =
p 0V
; p1(V + V0) = 0RT; p2(V + V0) = 1RT;
RT
V
1
V
V
; 1 = 0
; n 1 = 0
=
V + V0
0 V + V0
V + V0
n 1
pn(V + V0) = n-1RT;

n 1
n 1
V
V
V
RT = p 0V
pn(V + V0) = 0
V + V ; p n = p0 V + V
+
V
V
0
0
0
617 615 616.

V
p1 = p 0
V + V0
V
; p 2 = p1 + p 0n 0 ;
V
p 2 = p 0
V0 + V
V
n + n 0
p 0V =
m
m + m
RT ; p 2V =
RT ;
M
M
p VM V
V
m
n + n 0 1 = m.
RT ; 0
M
RT V + V0
V
618 V0 = 40 c3 = 4 10-53; S = 60 c2 = 6 10-3 2; F = 350 H;

V = 2000 3 = 2 10-3 3; p0 = 105 ; n - ?
V
V
p 2 = p 0 n 0 ; F = pS = p 0 Sn 0 ;
V
V
(2 + 0)V =
350 H
200 3
FV
=
29.
p 0 SV0 10 5 6 10 3 2 40 3
620 m = 10 = 10-2 ; M = 3,2 10-2 /; = 50;
S = 100 2 = 10-22; h = 7 = 7 10-2 ; 0 = 105 ; m` - ?
m`g
pS = p0S + m`g; p = p 0 +
, .
S
m
m
RT ;
phS =
RT ; p 0 hS + m`gh =
M
M
10 2 8,31
5 10
mRT Mp 0 Sh
m`=
=
Mgh
10 7 10 2
3,2 10 2
32 10 2
10 5 10 2 2 7 10 2
= 85.
10 7 10 2
3,2 10 2
2
621 S = 100 c2 = 10-2 2; m = 28 = 28 10-3 ; = 28 10-3 /;
1 = 100 = 373 ; m` = 50 ; 2 = 0 = 273 ; h - ?
n=
108
pS = p0S + m`g; p = p 0 +
m`g
, .
S
h T1
; h = H 1 1;
=
H T2
T2
mRT2
MRT2
m
=
phS =
RT2 ; H =
;
MSp
MS ( p 0 m`g )
M
H + h T1
;
=
T2
H
h=
1+
T1
mRT2
1 =
m`g T2
MS ( p 0
)
S
28 10 3 8,31
273

373
1 = 1,66 .
273
50 10
2 )
10 2 2 (10 5
10 2 2
622 p0S = -K(x-h) + mg; p1S = -K(x-h1)+mg; p 0 Sh = RT1 ;
28 10 3
p1Sh 1 = RT1 ;
p1 h1 T1
; Kx = mg;
=
p 0 h T0
p0S = Kh Kx + mg = Kh; p1S = Kh1;
K1h12 T1
T
= ; h1 = h 1 .
Kh2
T0
T0
F
+ p 0 = p 0 ` F.
S
p 0 `l 0 S = plS , .. = const.
623
F
+ p 0 )l 0 = pl ;
S
p = (
ma = (p p0)S; ma = (
l
F
+ p0 ) 0 ;
S
l
Fl 0
l
+ p 0 0 1) S ;
Sl
l
dv
, , = 0.
dt
l
Fl
F
;
0 + p 0 0 p 0 = 0; l = 1
p
Sl
l
0S
,
.
pV
p V
624 ) 1 1 = 2 2 ; p2 < p1; T2 > T1, V2 > V1.
T1
T2
=
p1V1 p 2V 2
; V2 > V1; T2 > T1, p2 > p1.
=
T1
T2
109
625
) 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-1 .
) V1 = V2, p2 > p1, T2 > T1;
V3 > V2, p3 < p2, T3 = T2;
V1 < V3, p1 = p3, T1 = T3;
V
) 1 2 1 =
; 2-3 2V2 = pV; 3-1 3 = .
1
T3 T
626 1. ) 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-1 .
) V2 > V1, p2 = p1, T2 > T1;
V3 = V2, p3 < p2, T3 < T2; V1 < V3, p1 > p3, T1 = T3;
V
p2 p
V
; 2-3
) 1 2 1 =
; 3-1 p1V1 = pV.
1
T2 T
2. ) 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-1 .

) V2 = V1, p2 < p1, T2 < T1; V3 > V2, p3 = p2, T3 > T2; V1 < V3, p1 > p3, T1 = T3;
V2 V
p
p
) 1 2 1 =
; 3-1 p3V3 = pV.
; 2-3
T1 T
T2 T
3. ) 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-1 .

) V2 = V1, p2 > p1, T2 > T1; V3 < V2, p3 = p2, T3 < T2; V1 > V3, p1 > p3, T1 = T3;
p
V2 V
p
; 2-3
; 3-1 p3V3 = pV.
) 1 2 1 =
=
T1 T
T2 T
110
4. ) 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-1 .

) V2 > V1, p2 < p1, T2 = T1; V3 = V2, p3 > p2, T3 > T2; V1 < V3, p1 = p3, T1 < T3;
V
p
p
V
) 1 2 p1V1 = pV ; 2-3 2
; 3-1 p3V3 = 3 = .
T2 T
T3 T
5. ) 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-1 .

) V2 > V1, p2 < p1, T2 = T1; V3 < V2, p3 = p2, T3 < T2; V1 = V3, p1 > p3, T1 > T3;
p
V2 V
p
; 3-1 3 = .
) 1 2 p1V1 = pV ; 2-3
=
T2 T
T3 T
m RT
m
RT ; p =
;
M V
M
1 , 2 .
627 ) : pV =
111
m RT
m
RT ; p =
;
M V
M
1 , 2 .
m RT
m
RT ; p =
628 ) : pV =
;
M V
M
1 , 2 .
m RT
m
;
) : pV =
RT ; p =
M V
M
1 , 2 .
m RT
m
629 ) : pV =
RT ; p =
;
M V
M
1 , 2
.
m RT
m
) : pV =
RT ; p =
;
M V
M
1 , 2 .
630 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-4
; 4-1 .
631 1-2 ; 2-3 ; 3-4 ;
4-1 .
632
) : pV =
R
T ,
V
p = T,
.
R
) .. p =
T ,
V
p =
T, .
633 , ,
,
) ..
112
p=
,
, .
.
634 V1 = 0,5 ; V2 = 0,3 ; 0 = 100 ; = 80 ; V - ?
..
p
(V1 V2) 0 = (V1 V2); V2 = V1 - 0 (V1 V2);
p
V = V2 - V2= V2 +
p0
(V1 V2) V1 = 0,3 +
p
= 0,05 .
635 l = 1 ; h = 20 = 0,2 ; h = 10 ; - ?
:
1 = gh + p2
lh
l h
p1S
h = pS
2
100
(0,5 0,3) 0,5 =
80
lh
l h
p2S
h = pS
2
2
l h
2
lh
lh
; p2 = p
;
=p
2 l h 2h
l h 2h
l h + 2 h
4h
l h
lh
p
= gh;
; p (l h )
= gh + p
l h 2h
l h + 2h
(l h) 2 4h 2
p1 = p
1,36 104 3 10 2 0,2 0,82 4 0,12 2

gh (l h )2 4h 2
p=
=
= 51 .
4 h (l h )
4 0,1 0,8
636 l = 1,73 ; h = 30 = 0,2 ; 2 = 8 ; h - ?
2 + gh = p1;
l h
l-h
l h
l-h
p2S
h ; p1S
h ;
= pS
= pS
2
2
2
2
p1 l h + 2 h
l h + 2 h
=
; p1 =
p2 ;
l h 2 h
p2 l h 2 h
p 2 + gh =
l h + 2h
p2 ;
l h 2h
gh
4h
=
;
l h 2h
p2
4p2h = ghl - gh2 2 ghh; (4p2 + 2gh) h = gh(l h);
113
gh( l - h)
h =
=
4 p + 2 gh
114
1,36 10 4
(1,73 0,3 ) 0,3 10
4 8 10 3 + 2 1,36 10 4 10
2 0,51 .
0,3
637 , V , = . .
V . = - .
A
A
m
pV =
; V2 =
;
RT = const = A; V1 =
p1
p2
n
V1 V2 = (p2 1);
1
1
1
1
= ( 2 1 );
= (736 748);
755 748 740 736

1 2
V
12
1
;
= 3;
=
= 112; 3 = 3 3 =
p 3 3
V3
A
3 / 28
V3 = (p 2 - 3 ) + V2 = (p 2 - 3 ) +
p3
1
=
3
(p 2 - 3 ) +
A
p2
p2 = p2 2 = 740 736 = 4;
A
;
p2
1
( p 2 + 3 ) +
;
A
p2
;
=
A 112
3 = 760, 3 - ?
1
1
1
(736 3 ) + ;
=
760 3 112
4
112 = 736 760 (736 + 760) 3 + 23 + 23 + 28760 283
23 - 15243 + 580528 = 0
31 = 772,8 32 = 751,25 3 < 760 p3 = 751,25 ..
638 V,
V + 2V; V 2V -
.
Vg 13600 10 5 9,8
2V
=
= 13600 ; pV = const
; p =
S
2S
10 4
pV
;
(p + p) (N - V) = pV; V = V p + p
p = gh; h =
pV
10 5 10 5
= 3 10 5
= 2,12 10 5 3 .
5
p + p
10 + 13600
m = pV = 13600 2,12 10-5 = 0,288 .
639 V1 = 5000 = 5 3; V2 = 200 = 0,2 3; h = 100 ; 0 = 105 ; - ?
(0 + gh) (V1 + V2) = pV2;
V + V2
= 26 (0,1 + 10 3
+ 10
10 2 ) =
p = (0 + gh) 1
3
2
V2
V + 2V = 3V -
= 2,6 1,1 = 28,6 .
115
640 l = 25 = 0,25 ; r = 1 = 10-2 ; l = 8 c = 8 10-2 ; 0 = 105 ;

-?
l
.. 0 r 2 l = pr 2 (l l ) ; p = p 0
;
l l
l
25c
F = pS = p 0
r 2 = 10 5
3,14 10 4 2 = 46 .
l l
25c - 8
641 ) .
p0 + gl = p;
l
l
l
l
p 0 = S = p( + l)S ; p 0 = ( p + gl )( + l);
2
2
2
2
gl 2
l
l
l2
; l =
.
= p ( p 0 + gl )l + g
2( p 0 + gl )
2
2
2
) .
l
l
l
l
p + gl = p0; p 0 S = p( + l)S ; p 0 = ( p 0 gl )( + l);
2
2
2
2
p0
gl 2
l
l
l2
; l =
.
= p 0 + l ( p 0 gl ) g
2( p 0 gl )
2
2
2
)
p0
l
l2
l
l
. ; p 0 S = p( l)S ; p = p 0
; . ( p p0 )S = F ;
2
2
g
l 2l
F=
3
l + l
2
2 rSdr = 2 S
l
+ l
2
x2
2
3
l + l
2
=
1
l + l
2
1 2
lS (2l + 2l ) = gS (l + l );
2
2l
= g (l + l );
l 2l
:
2 p0
l l 2 = 0.
2l 2 + l +
g
p p0 = p0
l . .. 2 , ,

l
0 l .
2
) .
p0
116
l2
l
l
S = p( + l ); p = p 0
;
2
2
l + 2 l
F
; F ).
S
2l
F = gS (l + l ); p p 0 = p 0
= g (l + l );
l + 2l
2 p0
2p
l = l 2 + 2l = l 2 + 2l + 3ll ; 2l 2 + (3l 0 )l + l 2 = 0;
g
g
( p p0 ) =
l
, .
2
642 1 = 0 = 273 ; 2 = - 20 = 253 ; = 100 .
,
, .. .
T
p1
T + T
p
;
; p1 = p 1
=
= p1 +
T
T
T1
T1
T1
1 +
, 0 l
T
T
; p2 > p1, ..
p 2 = p1 +
<
.
1 T2
T
2
.
643 S = 100 2 = 10-2 2; m = 28 = 2,8 10-2 ; = 2,8 10-2 /;
1 = 273 ; 2 = 373 ; m = 100 ; 0 = 105 .
m g
p 0 + = p, .
S
m
m
m
RT1 ; p (V + Sh) =
RT2 ; pSh =
R(T2 T1 );
pV =
M
M
M
mR(T2 T1 )
mR(T2 T1 )
h=
=
=
m g
M ( p 0 S + m g)
MS ( p 0 +
)
S
28 / 8,31
(373 273 )

=
= 0,42 .
28 / (10 5 10 2 2 + 100 10 / 2
644 h = 100 = 10-1 ; S = 25 2 = 2,5 10-32; 1 = 87 = 360;
2 = 17 = 290 ; 0 = 105 ; V - ?
p Sh
p 0 Sh = RT1 ; R = 0 ; p 0 gh = p; pS (h h) = RT2 ;
T1
p2
p
;
=
T2 T2 + T2
pS ( h h) = p 0 Sh
T2
;
T1
p (h h) = p 0 h
p 0 h p 0 h ghh + gh 2 = p 0 h
T2
T
; ( p 0 gh)(h h) = p 0 h 2 ;
T1
T1
T2
;
T1
117
T
gh 2 - ( p 0 + gh)h + 0 h1 2 = 0;
T1
. .
104h2 1,01 105 h + 2 103 = 0. h1 =
1,01 10 5 1,006 10 5
= 2.
2 10 4
h2 = 1,008 > 10 = h, .. . V = Sh = 50 3.
645 1 = -13 = 260 ; 1 = 160 = 1,6 105 ; 0 = 105 ;
2 = 37 = 310 ; 2 - ?
, , .
1 + 0 2 + 0
;
=
1
2
p 2 = (p1 + p 0 )
T2
310
p0 = 260
100 = 210.
T1
260
646 1 = 150 = 423 ; 2 = 300 = 573 ; 2 = 0,1 ; 1 - ?

.. , .
p1 p 2
T
423K
0,1 0,07 .
=
, p1 = p 2 1 =
T1 T2
T2 573K
647 S = 2,5 2 = 2,5 10-4 2; F = 12 H; 0 = 100 = 105 ;
0 = -3 = 270 ; - ?
F
= 0 + ;
S
.. , .
p p0
p
T0 ;
=
,T=
T T0
p0
F
12 H
270 400 .
T0 = 1 +
T = 1 +
5
4
2
p0 S
10 2,5 10
648 1 = 200 = 2 105 ; 1 = 27 = 300 ; 2 = 50 = 323;
S = 30 c2 = 3 10-3 2; 0 = 105 ; m - ?
.. ,
p1 p 2
T
mg
; p 2 = p1 +
=
, p 2 = p1
;
T1 T2
T1
S
T
S
323
3 10 3 2
1
4,6.
m = p1 2 1 ; m = 2 10 5
300
10 / 2
T1
g
649 , .. , -
118
( ).
650 = 3 ; = 127 = 400 ; U - ?
3
3
U = RT = 3 8,31
400 15.
2
2

651 = 2 ; U = 831 = 8,31 105 ; - ?
2 8,31 10 5
33000 .
3 8,31
2

652 V = 2 = 2 10-3 3; U = 300 ; - ?
2U
2 300
3
3
=
= 10 5 .
U = RT ; pV = RT; U = pV ; p =
2
2
3U 3 2 10 3
653 V = 5 = 5 10-3 3; = 200 = 2 105 ; U - ?
3
3
U = RT ; pV = RT; U = pV ;
2
2
3
U = 2 10 5 5 10 3 3 = 1500 = 1,5.
2
654 = 105 ; U = 600 ; V - ?
2U 2 600
3
=
= 4 10 3 3 = 40 3 .
U = RT ; V =
3U
2
3 10 5
655 V = 2 = 2 10-3 3; = 27 = 300 ; U = 300 ; n - ?
3
3
3
U 3
U = RT = N A KT = NKT ;
= nKT ;
2
2
2
V 2
2U
2 300
n=
=
= 24 10 25 3 .
3VKT 3 2 10 3 3 1,38 10 23 / 300
3
2U
U = RT ; T =
=
2
3R
656 = 293 ; V = 1,5 = 1,5 10-3 3; n = 2 1019 -3 = 2 1025 -3; U - ?

3
3
3
U = RT = NKT = nKTV =
2
2
2
3
25 3
= 2 10 2,93 10 2 1,38 10 23
1,5 10 3 3 182 .
2
657 , , .
. ,
.
658 1 = 250 ;2 = 680; = 2 10-3 /; = 400 ; m - ?
m
m
A = p (V2 V1) = pV2 pV1; pV2 =
RT2 ; pV1 =
RT1 ;
M
M
A=
m
R (T 2 T 1 );
M
119
2 10 3 / 400
= 0,2 10 3 = 0,22 .
8,31
(680 250 )

659 S = 250 c2 = 0,025 2; m = 10 = 10-2 ; m`= 12,5 ;
= 2,8 10-2 /; 1 = 25 = 298 ; 2 = 625 = 898 ;
0= 105 ; - ? V - ?
m
R (T2 T1);
A = p (V2 V1) = R(T2 T1) =
M
m=
MA
=
R(T2 - T1 )
10 2
8,31
600 = 1,78.
2,8 10 2
A
A
1780
V = V2 - V1 =
=
=
= 1,7 10-2 2 = 17 .
2
m
`
g
p
12
,
5
10
/
+ p0
+ 105
S
0,025 2
A=
660 p = dV.
p(V).
:
. :
p + p1
(V 2 V1 ) = (V 2 + V1 )(V 2 V1 ) =
= 2
2
2
2
) = (V 2 V12 ) > 0.
2
..
U = (p2V2 p1V1) > 0.
.
m
m
m
661 = V2; pV =
RV 2 ; p =
RV .
RT ; pV =
M
M
M
, 661
m
m
R . =
R(V 22 V12 ).
660
M
2 M
.
663 Q = 800 . - ? - ?
.. , U = 0.
A = - Q = 800 . = -A = - 800 .
664 Q = 250 . U - ?
.. , = 0.
U = Q = 250 .
665 U = 350 ; - ? Q - ?
.. , = 0.
U = Q = 350 .
666 = 2 ; = 50 ; , U, Q - ?
120
A = pV = RT = 2 8,31 /() 50 = 831 .

3
3
U = RT = A = 1246,5 . Q = U + A = 2077,5 .
2
2
667 T = 100 ; U = -1662 ; , Q - ?
3
2
U = RT ; RT = U.
2
3
2
A = pV = RT = U = -1108 . Q = U + A = 2770 .
3
668 = -200 ; U - ?
.. , Q = 0, .. U = - = 200 .
.
669 = 150 ; U - ?
.. , Q = 0, .. U = - = -150 .
.
670 V = 70 3; 1 = 280 ; 2 = 296 ; = 100 = 105 . - ?
T
V V2
; V2 = V 2 ;
, ..
=
T1
T1 T2
T
296K
= (V2 V) = pV 2 1 = 10 5 70 3 (
1) = 400.
T
280K
1
671 m = 320 ; = 32 /; = 10; - ?

m
320
RT =
8,31
10 = 831 .
A = pV =
M
32 /

672 m = 2 ; = 2 10-3 /; = 10 ; Up - ? Uv - ?
5 m
5
2
RT =
Up =
8,31
10 = 2,08 105 .
2M
2

3
2 10
Uv = U = 2,08 105.
, ..
.
673 T = 27C = 300 K; m = 160 = 0,16 ; = 3,2 10-2 /;
, U, Q - ?
m
160
A = pV = pV =
RT =
8,31
300 = 1,25 104 ;
M
32 /

5 m
5
5
5
U =
RT = pV = pV = A = 3,125 104 ;
2M
2
2
2
Q = A + U = 4,375 104 .
674 = 800 ; = 500 ; Q = 9,4 ; - ? U - ?
A = p (V2 V1) = R(T2 T1) = RT =
= 8 102 8,31 /() 5 102 3,3 106 = 3,3 .
Q = U + A; U = Q A = 6,1 .
675 V = 1 = 10-3 3; p = 107 ; = 300 = 3 102 ;
121
Q = 8,35 = 8,35 103 ; - ? T - ?

5
U = RT , .. .
2
= 0, .. .
pV
5 pV
: U = Q; pV = RT ;
= R; U =
T ;
T
2 T
2UT 2QT
T =
=
;
5 pV
5 pV
2QT
2 8,35 10 3 3 10 2
+ 300 400 ;
+T =
5 pV
5 10 7 10 3 3
T pV T
T
;
pV = RT ; p = R
=
=p
V
T
T V
T = T + T =
1 2QT
T
p= p + p = p1 +
= p1 +
T
T 5 pV
2Q
p1 +
5 pV
2Q
2 8,35 103
= 107 +
1,3 107 .
5V
5 103 3
676 p1 = 105 ; m = 1 ; = 2 ; Q1 = 1,1 = 1,1 106 ;
1 = 373 ; 2 = 273 ; V = 5 = 5 10-3 3;
= p+
Q2 = 2,1 = 2,1 106; 2 = 106 ; = 3,2 10-4 /;

Q1 = Cpm; Q2 = Cvm1(T2 T1); p2V =
Q2 = C v
Cp
Cv
p V
m1
RT1 ; m1 = 2 M ;
M
RT1
p 2V T1 T2
Q1 C p
RT
mT
M;
;
=
p 2VM (T1 T2 )
R
T1
Q 2 Cv
Q1 p 2VM (T1 T2 )
=
Q2
mRT1 T
1,1 10 6 5 10 3 3 (373 273 ) 4 10 2 /
1,69.
2,1
1 8,31 /( ) 373 2
678 p = p0 + V; = const; - ?
1) .. (V),
=
p(V1 ) + p(V2 )
(V2 - V1 )
=
2
p + V1 + p 0 + V2
)
= (V2 V1 ) 0
=
2
=
122
= (V2 V1) [p0 +

2)
(V1 + V2)] = p0 (V2 V1) +

( V22 V12 );
2
2
U = RT, - , .
p1 V1 = p 0 V1 + V12 = RT1 ;
p 2 V2 = p 0 V2 + V22 = RT2 ;
RT = R(T2 - T1 ) = (V22 V12 ) + p 0 (V2 V1 );
2
U = [(V 2 - V12 ) + p 0 (V 2 V1 )] ;
3) Q = U + A = [(V 22 - V12 ) + p 0 (V 2 V1 )] + p0 (V2-V1) +
1
(V22 V12 ) = ( + )(V 22 V12 ) + p 0 ( + 1)(V 2 V1 ) ;
2
2
C
2
4) Q = C T = [(V2 V12 ) + p 0 (V2 V1 )] ;
R
1 2
+ (V2 V12 ) + p 0 ( + 1)(V 2 V1 )

2
C=
R=
(V 22 V12 ) + p 0 (V 2 V1 )
+
2
(V 2 V12 )
2
R=
(V22 V12 ) + p 0 (V2 V1 )
( + 1)[ (V22 V12 ) + p 0 (V 2 V 1)]
V 22 V12
V2 + V1
R
;
= ( + 1) R
2
2
2 (V 2 V1 ) + p 0 (V 2 V1 )
2 (V2 + V1 ) + p0
5) , V1 V2.
V2 V1 = V. V.
R 2V
RV
(V) = ( + 1)R +
+ p 0 = ( + 1) R +
.
2 2V
2V + p 0
= ( + 1) R
m
R (T T0 );
M
m
m
U =
R (T T 0 ); Q = A + U = ( + 1)
R (T T0 );
M
M
Q
R
Q = Cp m(T T0); C p =
= ( + 1) ;
m(T T0 )
m
1 V0 = 22,4 .
R
;
= V0; Cp = ( + 1)
V0
677 . = (V V0) =
v.; A = 0, .. . U =
m
R (T T 0 );
M
123
Q = A + U = Q; Cv =
679 p =
R
R
Q
;
=
=
M
V0
m(T - T0 )
, b = const; C - ?
V2
.. , , (V), (V), , :
=
V2
V1
V2
p(V ) dV , : A = b
dV
V1 V
b
V
V2
V1
b
H
1
1
V V
1
2
U = RT, ,
pV = RT, ..
b b
b
;
= RT , .. U =
V2 V1
V
1 1
= b( 1) 1 1 ;
Q = A + U = b
V1
V
2 V1
2
1
1
b( 1)

V
V
Q
1
2
C=
=
= ( 1) R.
(T2 - T1 )
b 1
1
R V2 V1
680 V1 = 400 /; V2 = 300 /; t1 = 55C; t2 = 327C;
m
C = 130
; = 2,4 104 /;
?

M
, ..
Q = CM (T2 - T1) + m, .. ,
MV22 MV12
= Q = CM (t 2 t1 ) + m;
2
2
V 2 V 2
m 1 V 22 V12
=
C (t 2 t1 ) =
M 2 1 C (t 2 t1 ) = m;
2
2
2
M 2
2
400 2
300 2
2
2
1

130 (327 0 55 0 )
=

2
2
2,4 10 4
1,44 10 2 .
.. m > 0, M > 0,
124
m
> 0. .
M
m
-?
M
, ..
. .. = 0 , :
681 = 3,3 105 /; V = 20 /; = 0;
MV 2
m V2
22 10 2 2 / 2
= m ;
=
=
6 10 4.
2
M
2q 2 3,3 10 5 /
682 m1 = 1 ; m2 = 10 ; m3 = 5 ; t1 = 6C; t2 = -40C; t2 = 60C;
; C2 = 4
; C3 = 2
; t = 6C; t - ? Q - ?
C1 = 2

,
, ,
.
Q1 = C1m1 (t t1); Q2 = C2m2 (t t2); Q3 = C3m3 (t t3); Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 0;
C1m1(t t1) + C2m2(t t2) + C3m3 (t t3) = 0;
C1m1t + C2m2t + C3m3t = C1m1t1 + C2m2t2 + C3m3t3;
C m t + C 2 m 2 t 2 + C3m3t 3
t= 1 1 1
=
C1 m1 + C 2 m 2 + C 3 m3
=
2 103
1 6o + 4 103
10 ( 40)o + 2 103
5 60o

= -19C;
1 + 4 103
10 + 2 103
5
2 103

Q = C1m1(t t) + C2m2(t t) + C3m3 (t t) =
= 2 103
(6 + 19 ) 1 + 4 103
(6 + 19 ) 10 +

(6 + 19 ) 5 = 1,3.
+ 2 103

684 0
. 4, . . , .
125
685 t1 = 3 = 3 102 ; 1 = 4; 2 = 0; t2 = 1 40 = 6000 ;
; -?
= 4,2 103

, ..
Q1 = cm (T1 T2)
Q2 = m
Q1 Q 2
=
t1
t2
cm(T1 - T2 ) m
;
=
t2
t1
C(T1 - T2 ) m
;
=
t2
t1
= C (T1 T2 )
t2
0
6000
= 4,2 10 3
= 3,36 10 5
(4 0 0 )
.
t1

300
686 V = 100 = 0,1 3; t = 30C; t1 = 30C; t2 = 30C; = 103 /3;
= 4,2 103
; = 2,1
; = 3,3 105 /; m - ?

, ..
.
, , , ..
Q1 + Q2 = 0; Q1 = Cm(t t1); Q2 = Cmt2 + m + Cmt;
m(t t1) + m(t + Ct2 + ) = 0;
m + m = V;
C(V m)( t t1) + m (t ct2 + ) = 0;
CV (t t1) C m(t t1) + m (t ct2 + ) = 0;
m (t ct2 + - t + t1) = CV(t1 t);
V(t 1 - t)
m =
=
Ct1 - Ct +
4,2 10 3
10 3 / 3 0,1 3 50

=
51.
4,2 10 3
80 + 2,1 10 3
20 + 33 10 4

687 m = 100 ; t1 = 10C; t2 =-50C; t = -4C; C = 2,1 103

;

= 4,2 103
; = 3,3 105 /; m - ?

, ..
. , , ..:
126
Q1 + Q2 = Q;
-mt1 -m + mt + m (t t2) = 0;
m t + m - m t C t1 + - C t
m = 1
m =
=
C (t - t 2 )
C (t - t 2 )
10 + 3,3 105
+ 2,1 103
4

100 394.
=
2,1 103
(4 50 )

688 Q1 Q1 = m(0 ) Q2 Q2 = m(0 ).
Q1 = 2 4200 (0 5) = - 42000 . Q2 = 5 2100 (4 0) = 42000 .
| Q1| = |Q2| T = 0;
m
m
2
5
+
= 7,55 10 3 3 .
V= + =
1000 900
689
.
690 ,
0. 100.
, .
m = m + m + m. m.
m L = m + (m + m) (100 0);
4,2 103
m =
m + (m + m )(10o - 0 o )
=
L
0,15 3,32 10 5 + (0,15 + 0,2) 4200(100 0)
= 0,086 .
2,3 10 6
m = 0,2 + 0,15 + 0,86 = 0,436 .
691 Q1 = mnL + mnC(0 ) = 0,0066 2,3 106 +
+ 0,0066 4200 (100 0) = 1,8 104 .
Q2 = m = 0,0544 3,32 105 = 1,8 104 .
Q1 = Q2. . = 0.
692 100 Q = pt;
Q = Q1 + Q2; Q1 = m (1 0); Q2 = Lmn; mn - ?
pt - m (1 - 0 )
m (1 0) + Lmn = pt; mn =
=
L
100 300 0,01 4200

(100 0)
= 1,12 10 2 ,
=
2,3 10 6 /
mn m >
100 C
127
Q = Q1+ Q2 + Q3
Q1 = mc (100 0)
Q2 = mL
Q3 = mc.
Q3 - ? Q3 = pt mc (100 0) mL = 100 300 0,01 4200(100 0)
- 0,01 2,3 106 = 2800 .
= 1600 /( );
Q3 = mc ( 100)
Q3
2800
=
+ 100 =
+ 100 = 275.
mc
0,011600
m
RT ; = ., .. ; = 0,018 /, V - ?
M
mRT 0,01 8,31 ( 275 + 273)
V=
=
= 0,025 3 ;
5
Mp
0,018 10
pV =
h0 =
m
V
V
= ; h= ;
S
S
S
m
V m
1
1
0,01
(0,025
) = 2,5 .
= (V ) =
S S S
0,01
1000
693 .. , ..
,
.
694 , .. , .
695
, ; ,
,
, , .
696
h =
= 1 ; Vmin = 10 = 10-2 3; Vmax = 20 = 2 10-23;

pmin = 2,5 = 2,5 = 2,5 105 ; pmax = 5 = 5 105 ; - ?
= 12 + 23 + 34 + 41;
12 = 34 = 0, .. 1-2 3-4 .
23 = pmax (Vmax Vmin);
128
41 = pmin (Vmin Vmax);

= pmax (Vmax Vmin) - pmin (Vmin Vmax) = (Vmax Vmin) (pmax pmin) =
= (2 10-2 3 10-23) ( 5 105 2,5 105 ) = 2,5 103 .
697 Q = 1 = 103 ; = 300 ; = 280 ; - ? - ?

300
= =
= 0,3; .. = 1 = ;
Q 1000
Q
Q
1000
TH =
Tx =
280 = 400 .
Q A
1000 3000
698 Q = 1 = 4,2 103 ; = 1,7 = 1,7 103 ;
= 20 = 293; - ?

Q
4,2
Tx =
= 1 = ; T H =
293 492 .
Q
A
4
,
2
1,7

699 QH = 7200 ; Qx = 6400 ; - ?

= QH - Qx;
Q QX
Q
=
= H
= 1 X 0,11;
QH
QH
QH
700 1 = 480 = 753 ; 2 = 30 = 303 ; - ?
T
303K
= 1 2 = 1
0,6
T1
753K
701 1 = -35 = 238 ; 2 = 1 = 274 ; - ?
, , . 1 2.
,
238
= 1 1 = 1
0,13.
2
274
702 = 550 = 833 ; = 20 = 293 ; - ?
293
0,65.
= 1 = 1
833
703 = 17 = 290 ; 1 = 127 = 400 ; 2 = 447 = 720 ;
1 = 1 ; 2 = 1 ; 1 =
1
2 2
2
?
1
290
1
2
= 2,17.
720
=
290
1
1
1
400
704 = 117 = 390; = 27 = 300; t = 1c; Q = 60 = 6 104 ; ? Qx - ? N - ?
129
= 1
300
= 1
0,23;
390
Q -Qx
;
=
Q
Q
Qx = Q(1 - ) = 60 (1 0,23) = 46,2 .

Q - Q x 60 46,2
N=
=
=
= 13,8.
t
t
1
705 = 3 ;Q = 40 ; - ?
1 2
2
2
2
= 1 = 1 = ; = = ; A = Q = 40 26,7 .
3 3
Q 3
3
3
706 = 227 = 500; Q = 1 ; = 350 = 0,35 ; - ? - ?
350
= =
= 0,35; = 1 ;
Q 1000
= (1 - ) = 500 (1 0,35) = 325 .
707 = 0 = 273; = 100 = 373 ; m = 1 ;
= 3,3 105 /; = 2,26 106 /; m - ?
= 1 ;
Q x = m , .. 00,
.
Q = m , .. 1000,
.
Q
Q
Q -Qx
=
=
= 1 ; : 1 x = 1 ;
Q
Q
Q
Q
Qx
T
; Q = Q x ; m = m ;
=
T
T
3,3 10 5 / 373
= 1
0,2.
T
2,26 10 6 / 273
708 m = 200 ; q = 29,4 / = 2,94 107 ; = 80% = 0,8; = 300
m = m
= 573 ; = 30 = 303 ; max ?

Q = qm
= 1
T
= qm 1 X
TH
130
TX
A
A
=
=
TH QH qm
= 0,8 2,94 107 2 102
303
1
573
2,2 109

709 m = 0,35 ; q = 4,2 107 ; = 1 = 3,6 106 ; = 250 =
523 ; = 30 = 303 ; , ?
303
A
A
3,6 106
=
=
0,24 = 1 = 1
0,42
7
523
Q H qm 4,2 10 0,35
710 .
a
p + 2 (V b) = RT
V
V 1 ,
V
V = 1 , V1 .
p + 2 a V1 b = RT
2
V1
, V1 V
p + 2 a V b = RT
2
a
(V b) = RT ,
711 p +
V2
RT
V
, .. b .
p
b bR
.
=
V RT
712 V = 201 = 2 102 3; T = 27 = 300 ; = 0,05 = 50 ; b =
0,043 3/ = 4,3 10-5 3/.
,
.
a = 3,6 105 =
H
4 2
= 3,6 101
H
4 2
;?
a V
a V
p + 2
b = RT ; p b = RT 2
b
2
2
V
131

8,31
300
RT
2 a
p=
2
2
3
3
V
2 10
V
5
b
4,3 10
50
0,362
2
4 106 = 4,7
4 6
2 10
502
713 = 1 ; V = 1 = 10-3 3; = 17 = 290 ; = 0,141

b = 3,92 10-5
4
2
3
; p ? ppe ?
1) p = RT
RT
=
=
V
pug
2) p pe + 2
p pe
290

2,4 106 = 2,41
3 3
10
1 8,31
a V
b = RT
V 2
1 8,31
290
RT
2 a
= 3 3
2
4
V b
10 3,92 10 1
V
1 0,141
10
4
2 2,37 106 = 2,37
714 V = 5 = 5 10-3 3; = 27 = 300 ; = 10 ; pu, ppe

.
1)
puV = RT
RT
pu =
= 10
V
= 0,0245
132
8,31
300

5 106 = 5
5 103 3
; b = 2,66 10-5
a V
3
; p pe + 2 2 b = RT

V
p pe
RT
a
=
2 2 =
V b
V
102 2
10 8,31
300

5 103 3 10 2,66 105
0,0245
2 5,2 106 = 5,2

5 10 6 3
2
2) PuV = RT
RT
pu =
= 10
V
= 0,138
p pe
8,31
300

5 106 = 5
5 10-3 3
a V
4
3
; b = 3,18 105
; p pe + 2 2 b = RT
2

RT
a
=
2 2 =
V b
V
102 2
300

3
5 103 3 10 3,18 105
0,138
10 8,31
2 5,9 106 = 5,9

52 10 6 6
715 = 1 ; V = 11,5 = 1,15 10-2 3; = 200 = 2 105 ;

= 0,141
; b = 3,92 105
3
; u ? pe ?
PV = RTu
Tu =
Tpe
2 105 1,15 102 3

a V
pV
=
276,8 ; p 2 2 b = RT pe
1 8,31

0,141
1
1
a V
5
2
2
= p 2 2 b =
2 10 1
2
5 6
R
1
,
15
10

V
8,31
3
1,15 102 3

3,92 105
274,4
1
133
716 V = 0,5 = 5 10-4 3; = 300 = 3 105 ; = 2 ;

4
= 0,138
2 = 0,36
4
2
u ? pe ?
; b = 3,18 10-5
; b2 = 4,3 10-5
3
;
3
;
1) pV = RTu; pV = RTu; u = Tu Tu2 = 0
2) p + 2
a V
b = RT pe ;
V 2
a V
p + 2 2 b 2 = RT pe 2
V 2
a 2 V
a V
1
1
p + 2 2 b p + 2 2 b 2 =
R
R
V
V
0,138
2
1
=
3 10 5 + 2 2 2 2
5 10 8 6
8 ,31
T pe = T pe T pe
y2
5 10 4 3
3
1
3,18 105
8,31

4
0,36
3
2 5 10 4 3
5
2
2
5
85
3 10 + 2 2
4
,
3
10
1
5 108 6 2
717 , .. .
718 ,
.
719 - ,
, .
, . - ,
, .
720 , .
. , .
721 ,
.
.
134
, , .
722 ,
. , . , .
723 , ,
, . . ,
, .
724
, .. .
725 - ,
. . , .
726 0.
727 1 - ,
, , 0.
728 t1 = 20C; 1 = 40% = 0,4; t2 = 0C; 1 = 80% = 0,8.
t1 = 20C 01 = 2,33 ,
t2 = 0C 02 = 0,61 .
1 = 011 = 0,932
2 = 022 = 0,488
.. 1 > 2, .
729 = 14 = 1,4 104 ; = 333 ; = 18 103 . ?

,
1,4 104 1,8 10 2

m
pM
=
0,09 3
pV =
RT ; p =
RT ; =
M
M
RT
2
8,31
3,33 10

; = 29 10-3 ; = 36 = 309 ; = 44,6
. . . 6,2 = 6,2 103 ; = 80% = 0,8; V = 1 3; = 1 . = 105

; m ?
730 2 = 18 10 3
p 2 = p o ; p 2 V =
m 2
M 2
RT ; m 2 =
p 2 M 2 V
RT
po M 2 V
RT
m =
pM
RT
135
1 3
309

5
3
2
18 10
+ 10 2,9 10
1,16
m = m 2 + m =
0,8 6,2 1034
V
po M 2 + pM =
RT
8,31
731 T1 = 16C; 1 = 65% = 0,65; T = -4C; ?

T2 = T1 + T = 16 4 = 12
T1 = 16C 1 = 1,81 , T2 = 12C
2 = 1,4
= 1 1
1,81
p
p
= 1 1 = 0,65
0,84 = 84%
1,4
p2
p2
= 1 2 = 84% 65% = 19%

732 V = 10 = 102 3; m = 0,13 ; = 20; ?
, .
= 20 = 17,3 /3
0,132
m
m
;=
=
=
0,76 = 76%
V 10 2 3 17,3 /3
V
733 m = 0,4 ; = 290 ; V = 40 = 4 102 3

1)
= 14,5 3 = 290
= 290
m
m
;V =
= 2,7 10 2 3 = 27
V
V = 27 .
2)
0,42
m
=
= 10 3
2 3
V
4 10
= 11 = 284 .
284 .
734 = 1,8 102 ; V = 100 = 0,1 3; = 30 = 303 ; 1 = 30% =

0,3; m = 1 ; ?
= 30 0 = 4,42 .
136
mRT
m
RT ; p =
=
pV =
MV
M
= 1 +
303

1,4
0,1 3
10 3 8,31
18 10 3
1,4
= 0,3 +
0,63 = 63%
0
4,2
735 V = 1 = 10-3 3; = 30 = 303 ; 1 = 30% = 0,3; m = 1 ; ?

= 30 0 = 4,42 .
mRT
m
pV =
RT ; p =
=
M
MV
= 1 +
303

140
103 3
103 8,31
18 103
140
= 0,3 +
534
4,2
0
. , = 100%.
736 = 20 = 293 ; 1 = 20% = 0,2; 2 = 50% = 0,5; V = 40 3; m ?
= 20 0 = 17,3 /3
m = 0 (2 1) V = 17,3 /3 (0,5 0,2) 40 3 = 207,62 .
737 V = 50 3; 1 = 40% = 0,4; 2 = 50% = 0,5; m = 60 ; ?
=
m
m
; = 0 (2 1); 0 =
V ( 2 1 )
V
= 20 =
2 m
60 0,5
=
=6 3
V ( 2 1 ) 50 3 (0,5 0,4 )
738 V = 0,7 3; = 24 = 273 ; = 60% = 0,6; = 1,8 102 ;

m?
= 24 0 = 2,98
p 0V =
p VM
p 0VM
m
; m2 =
RT ; m1 = 0
M
RT
RT
m = m1 m 2 =
2,98 10 3 0,7 3 1,8 10 2

8,31
297

p 0VM
(1 ) =
RT
(1 0,6 ) 6,1 10 3 = 6,1
137
739 1 = 4; 2 = 10; 3 = 16; 2, 3 ?

1 = 4 01 = 0,8 , 1 = 100%.
2 = 10 02 = 1,23 .
2 = 1
p 01
0,66 = 66%
p 02
2 = 7.
3 = 16 02 = 1,81 .
3 = 1
p 01
0,45 = 45%
p 03
3 = 10.
740 = 10; = 18; ?
= 10 1 = 1,23 , = 18 2 =
2,07 .
=
p1 1,23
=
0,59 = 59%
p 2 2,07
741 1 = 16; 2 = 8; = 55% = 0,55.

1 = 16 1 = 1,81 , 2 = 8 2 =
1,06 .
= 1 1
.. < 1, .
742 1 = 20; 2 = 8; = 60% = 0,6; V = 1 3; m ?
1 = 20 1 = 17,3 /3, 2 = 8 2 =
8,3 /3.
m = V ( 1 2) = 1 3 (0,6 17,3 /3 8,3 /3) = 2,08 .
743 V = 10 = 102 3; 1 = 273 ; 2 = 373 ; 1 = 105 ; m = 3 ; = 1,8
102 ; 2 ?

.
.
mRT2
p1
p
T
m
RT2 ; p 2 =
= 2 ; p 2 = p1 2 ; p 2 =
M
MV
T1
T2
T1
3 8,31
5
p1 mR
10
1,9 105
=
+
+
p2 = p2 + p2 = T2
373
K
273 18 / + 10 2 3
T1 MV
138

744 V1 = 1 3; V2 = 2 3; 1 = 20% = 0,2; = 18 103 3 ; 2 = 40% = 0,4; 1 =
105 ; 2 = 2 105 ; = 350 ; , ?
,
p1V1 =
p=
m1
m
m + m2
RT ; p 2V2 = 2 RT ; p (V1 + V2 ) = 1
RT = p1V1 + p 2V2
M
M
M
p1V1 + p 2V2 10 5 1 3 + 2 10 5 2 3
=
1,7 10 5
V1 + V2
1 3 + 2 3
= 350 0.
,
p 0 1V1 =
m1
m
RT ; p 0 2V2 = 2 RT
M
M
p 0 (V1 + V2 ) =
m1 + m 2
RT = p 0 1V1 + p 0 2V2
M
(V1 + V2 ) = 1V1 + 2V2

1V1 + 2V2 0,2 1 3 + 0,4 2 3
=
0,33 = 33%
V1 + V2
1 3 + 2 3
745 V = 1 = 103 3; m = 5 = 5 103 ; = 103 3 ; 1 = 18 103 ;
2 = 28 103 ; = 373 ; = 50 ; V1, V2 ?

=
m
RT
M
m
pV2 =
RT
M
V1 + V2 = V
pV1 =
V1 M 2
V1
M
V
M
M2
V
=
;
= 2 ;
1 = 1 ; V1 =
V2
M1 V V1 M1 V1
M2
M1 + M 2
V2 = V V1 =
M1
m
m
V ; V1 = ; V2 = V
M1 + M 2
139
V1 = V1 V1 =
=
5 103
103 /3
m
M2
V =
M1 + M 2
28 103 /
18 103 / + 28 103 /
103 3
0,61 103 3
V2 = V1 = 0,61 10 3 3
746 m = 15,5 = 1,75 102 ; = 100 . = 107 ; V = 1 = 103 3; =
1,8 102 ; ?
pV =
pVM 107 10 3 2 18 10 3 /
m
=
1240
RT ; T =
M
Rm
8,31
1,75 10 2

747 , , , - ,
, , .
748 - ,
, , .
749 ,
,
. ; , .. .
750 , ,
, .
. , . . .
751 , , . ,
, , ,
.
( ), . , , ,
. ,
.
752 ,
,
. .
753 . .
F = 2 2rG = 4rG
140

4rG 4G
=
r
r 2
, .
,
, .
754
. .
, .. .
H
H
755 1 = 0,017 ; 2 = 0,073
F = S = r2 = 4rG; p =
ma = F2 F1 = 2 l 1 l = l (2 1)
.. l > 0, 2 1 > 0,
, .
H
H
756 = 0,073 = 7,3 10-2 ; m = 0,1 = 104 ; l = 3,5 =
= 3,5 102 .
H
F = 2l = 2 7,3 102
3,5 102 = 5,11 103
F = mg = 104 10 2 = 103 .
F > F, .
H
H
757 l = 8 = 8 102 ; t = 18; b = 7,3 102 ; = 4 102 ; F ?
2
2 H
F = lb l = l (b ) = 8 10 (7,3 10
4
H
102 ) = 2,64 103 .
.
H
758 d = 6 = 6 102 ; = 7,3 102 ; Fmin ?
H
2
Fmin = 2 d 2 3,14 6 10 7,3 102
2,8 102 .
2,8 102 .
141
759 d = 1 = 103 ; = 7,3 102
H
; m ? mg = d
3
3
d 3,14 10 7,3 10
m=
2,3 105
g
10 2
760 N = 318; m = 5 = 5 103 ; d = 7 104 ; ?

5 10 3 10 / 2
mg
m
g = d ; =
0,07
N
Nd 3,14 318 7 10 4
761 t1 = 8; N1 = 40; t2 = 80; N2 = 48;
G1
?
G2
m
m
g = 1d ;
g = 2d ; 1 = 2 = 1,2
N1
N2
2 N1
762 N = 152; m = 1820 = 1,82 103 ; d = 1,2 = 1,2 103 ;
?
m
g = d
N
1,82 10 3 10
2
mg
3,2 10 2
=
3
Nd 3,14 152 1,2 10

763 S = 6 2 = 6 104 2; = 4 102
H
;?
H
6 104 2 = 4,8 104 .
764 ..
= 2S = 2 4 102
S = V 2 / 3
,
10
10
n =1
n =1
S n = Vi 2 / 3
, 20
10
S = V1
n =1
142
2/3
10
10
..
2/3
Vi2 / 3 > V1
, n =1
. ,
, . , .
H
H
765 = 0,04 = 4 102 ; rmax = 4 = 0,04 ; ?
753,

n =1
p=
4
4
4 3
; V = r 3 ; V1 = 0; V2 = rmax
3
3
r
rmax
V2
A=
pdV =
V1
4
4r 2 dr = 16
r
= 8r2max 8 4 102
rmax
rdr = 16
r2
2
rmax
0
H
3,14 (4 102)2 2 1,6 103 .
766 753,

p1 =
4G
4G
4G
; p2 =
; p3 =
.
R1
R2
R3
(0 + 1) V1 = 1RT1;
(0 + 2) V2 = 2RT2;
(0 + 3) V3 = 3RT3;
V1 =
4 3
R1
3
V2 =
4 3
R2
3
V3 =
4 3
R3 ; 3 = 1 + 2
3
, -, .
4 4 3
p0 +
R1 = 1 RT
R1 3
4
p0 +
R2
4 3
R 2 = 1 RT
3
4 4 3
p0 +
R3 = ( 1 + 2 )RT
R3 3
143

4 4 3
4 4 3
4 4 3
p0 +
R3 = p 0 +
R1 + p 0 +
R 2
R3 3
R1 3
R 2 3
p 0 R33 + 4R32 = p 0 R13 + 4R12 + p 0 R23 + 4R22 ; =
)
)
p 0 R33 R12 R22
4 R12 + R22 R32
767 ,
, ,
, , .
H
768 d = 2 = 2 106 ; = 7,3 102 ; = 103 3 ; h ?
d2
4
=
hg = d ; h =
gd
4
4 7,3 10 3
10 3
10
769 r = 103 ; d = 0,15 ; = 7,3 102

2
h=
=
gd
2 7,3 10 3
10
10
10
2 10 6
= 14,6
H
; F ? h ? ; grdh = 2d
= 1,46 10 2
h
h
h
h
x2
F = pddx = g (h x )ddx = gdx dx gd xdx = gd h 2
2
0
0
0
0
103 3 10 2 0,15 1,462 10 4 2

gdh 2
=
=
0,16
2
2
h
0
770
d1 = 1 = 103 ; d2 = 3 = 3 103 ; d3 = 2 = 2 103 ; h = 6 = 6
103 ; ?
g d12 h1 = d1
4
2
g d 2 d 32 h2 = (d 2 + d 3 )
4
4
h1 =
gd1
h2 =
144
4 (d 2 + d 3 )
d 22
d 32
4
g (d 2 d 3 )
h = h1 h2 =
4
g
1
4 d 2 d 3 d1
1
d d d = g d (d d )
2
3
3
1
1 2
gh d1 (d 2 d 3 )
4 d 2 d 3 d1
.. d2 d3 d1 = 3 2 1 = 0, = , . .
771
H
= 7,3 102 ; h1 = 2,6 = 2,6 102 ; h2 = 1 = 102 ; 1 = 103 3 ;
2 = 0,8 103 3
.
r12h1g = 1 2r1
r22h2g = 1 2r2
h1 =
2 1
2 1
2
; h2 =
; h1 = 1
r1 g
r2 g
1 g
1
1 h
21
1
; 1 1 =
g r1 r2
1 r2 1
,
h2 2 2 1 1 h1 1 h2 2
=
= ;
1
2
g r1 r2
2
h2 2
1
2 = 1
= 7,3 10 2
2,6
h1 1
0,8 10 3
10 3
3 2,2 10
772
d = 0,5 = 5 104 ; = 7,3 102
;m?
mg = d
m=
g
3,14 5 10 4 7,3 10 2
10
1,110 5 = 1,1 10 2
773
gh + p =
2R
R 2
+ p0
pS(l h) = p0R
145
p = p0
p h 4
l
l
2
; gh + 0 =
1 =
; gh + p0 b
lh D
lh
lh R
4 (l h)
gh(l h) + p 0 h
774 , ; .
775 , . - .
776 , , , ,
.
777
, . , .
778 ,
,
.
779 , , , , , ..
.
780 . .
, . , .
781 15; 0, .. ;
4, .. .
782
l = 300 ; 1 = 20; 2 = 120; = 1,1 105 1; l ?
D=
l = l(1 + (T2 1)) l = l(T2 1) =

= 1,1 105 1 300 (120 20) = 0,33
- , .
783
l = 25 ; 1 = 30; 2 = 30; = 1,1 105 1; l ?
l = l(1 + (T2 T1)) l = l(T2 T1) =
= 25 1,1 105 1 (30 (30)) = 1,5 102 = 1,5
146
784
= 100 ; l = 60 = 0,6 ; l = 1,02 = 1,02 103
l = l(1 +) l = l
1 l
1 1,02 103
=
=
= 1,7 105 1
100
l T 0,6
785
S1 = 20 2; 1 = 0; 2 = 400; lC = 50 ; l = 50,2 ;
= 100; = 12 106 1; = 29 106 1; S2 ?; ?
1) S1 =
S2 = (1 + (T2 T1))(1 + (T2 T1)) = S1(1 + (T2 T1))2 =
= 20 2 (1 + 29 106 1 400 )2 20,5 2
2) lC(1 + C(T T)) = l(1 + (T T))
T = T +
l l
Cl l
= 100 +
= 100 +
50,2 - 50
6
50 12 10 1 50,2 29 10 6 1
50,2 - 50
50 12 10 6 1 - 50,2 29 10 6 1
= 134
= 134
786 l = 1,5 ; 1 = 0; l = 15 = 1,5 102 ; = 9 106 1; 2 ?

l = l(1 + (T2 T1)) l = l(T2 T1)
T2 = T1 +
l
1,5 10 2
=
1100
l 9 10 6 1 1,5
787 l1 = l01(1 + 1)
l2 = l02(1 + 2), = 2 1.
l1 l2 = l01 + 1l01 l02 2l02 = l01 l02 + (1l01 2l02)
l1 l2 , 1l01 2l02 = 0.
l 01 2
=
l 02
1
788 1 = 0; t1 = 7 ; 2 = 20; t2 = 9 ; ? 0 ?
1) T1' = 2
T2'
T1'
l (1 + (T2 T1 ))
l1
; T2' = 2 1
= T1' 1 + (T2 T1 )
g
g
= 1 + (T2 T1 )
t = 86 400 .
147
T2'
T1'
t + t2
tC + t2
; 1 + (T2 T1 ) = C
tC + t1
tC + t1
2
tC + t2
1 86400 + 9 1
t + t
86400 7
1
= C
1,86 105 1
=
20 0
T2 - T1
2) T0' = 2
T2'
T0'
l (1 + (T2 T0 ))
l0
; T2' = 2 0
= T0' 1 + (T2 T0 )
g
g
t
t + t2
= 1 + (T2 - T0 ) ; 1 + (T2 - T0 ) = 1 + 2
t
tC
t
9
1 + 1
1 +
86400 1
t
0
= 20
9
T0 = T2
1,86 105 1
789 S1 = 2 2; 1 = 0; 2 = 400; = 1,1 105 1; S ?
S1 =
S2 = (1 + (T2 1))(1 + (T2 1)) = S1(1 + (T2 1))2
S = S2 S1 = S1 (1 + ( T2 1))2 S1 = S1 [(1 + ( T2 1))2 1] =
= 2 2 [(1 + 1,1 105 1 400 )2 1] 1,76 102 2
790 V1 = 2 3; 1 = 0; = 1,2 105 1; 2 = 30; V ?
V1 = z
V2 = (1 + (T2 T1))(1 + (T2 T1))z(1 + (T2 T1)) = V1(1 + (T2 T1))3
V = V2 V1 = V1[(1 + (T2 T1))3 1] V1(1 + 3(T2 T1)) 1) =
= 3V1(T2 T1) = 3 1,2 105 2 2 30 2,2 103 3
791 V1 = 60 20 5 = 6 103 3; Q = 1680 = 1,68 106 ; = 460
; = 1,1 105 1; = 7,8 103 3 ; V ?

Q = cmT = cVT; T =
Q
cV
V1 = z
V2 = (1 + T)(1 + T)z(1 + T) = V1(1 + T)3 = V1 1 +
cV
1
148
Q
3Q
3Q
1] V1(1 +
1) =
V1 =
V = V2 V1 = V1[ 1 +
cV
cV
cV1
1
1
3Q 3 1,1 10 5 -1 1,68 10 6
=
1,5 105 3 = 15 3
c
2
3
4,6 10
7,8 10 3

792
l1 = 10 ; S = 20 2 = 2 103 2; l = 6 = 6 103 ; = 1,1 105 1; =
; = 7,8 103 3 ; Q ?
4,6 102

l2 = l1(1 + )
l = l2 l1 =
Q = cmT = cSl1T; T =
l = l1
Q
cSl1
Q
Q
=
cSl1 cS
cSl
Q=
=
4,6
7,8 103 3 2 10- 3 2 6 10- 2

3,9
1,1 10 - 5 -1
; 2 = 460
; = 1,1 105 1;
3 ; 1 = 4200

1 = 0; 2 = 90; V1 = 1200 2 = 1,2 103 3; m = 20 ; , V2 ?
793 = 7800
1m(2 ) = 2V1( 1)
1m2 1m = 2V1 V11
T=
c1mT2 + cV1T1
=
c1m + c 2 V1
20 90
=
86
4200
20 + 460
7800 3 1,2 10- 3 3

4200
V2 = V1(1 + ( 1))3 V1(1 + 3( 1)) =

= 1200 3 (1 + 3 1,1 105 1 86 ) 1203 3.
794
, ..
. , ..
.
149
795 .
796 .
.
, .
797 ,
, .. .
798
V1 = 50 3; 1 = 40; 2 = 40; = 9 104 1; V2 ?
V2 = V1(1 + (T2 T1)) = 50 3 (1 9 104 1 80 ) = 46,4 3
799
h = 6 ; d = 5 ; h = 20 = 0,2 ; 1 = 0; = 9 104 1;
2 ?
2
2
d h=
d (h h) (1 + ( T2 T1))
4
4
h = h + h(T2 T1) h h(T2 T1)
T2 = T1 +
0,2
h
=
38
( h h) 9 10- 4 -1(6 - 0,2 )
800
V = 20 3 = 2 10 3; = 9 104 1; = 2,1 103

= 800
.; V2 = V1 (1 + T); V = V2 V1 = TV1
3
Q = cmT = cV1T; T =
cV
Q=
=
2,1 10 3
Q
Q
; V =
cV1
8 10 2
2 10 -5 3

3
3,7 10 4
9 10 -4 -1
801
h = 8 ; h = 20 = 0,2 ; 1 = 5; = 30; = 9 104 1.
Sh = S(h h) (1 + (T T1))
h = h + h(T T1) h h(T T1)
T = T1 +
150
0,2
h
= 5 +
23,5
4 -1
( h h)
9 10 (8 - 0,2 )
802
V1 = 200 3 = 2 104 3; S = 0,5 2 = 5 105 2; 1 = 10;
2 = 30; h = 8 =8 102 ; ?
= T2 T1
V2 = V1 (1 + T)
V = V2 V1 = V1T = Sh
=
5 10 5 2 8 10-2
Sh
Sh
=
=
= 10 3 -1
V1T V1 (T2 T1 ) 2 10- 4 3 (30 - 10 )
803
V = V0 (1 + T); V = V V0 = V0; Q = cV0T; T =
V = V0
Q
cV0
Q
Q
=
; V V0.
cV0 c
804
; 1 = 10; 2 = 110;
3
h = 25 = 0,25 ; = 1,8 104 1; d ?
m = 5,44 = 5,44 103 ; = 13600
V = V0 (1 + (T2 T1))
V =V0 + Sh = V0 +
d=
2
3,14
m
2
d h; V0 =
; V0 + d2h = V0 + V0(T2 T1)
4
4
V0 (T2 T1 )
2
=
h
m (T2 - T1 )
5,44 103 1,8 10-4 -1 120

2 10 4 = 0,2
13600 3 0,25
805
= 1,8 104 1; 1 = 0; 2 = 100; V = 3 3; V1 ?
V2 = V1 (1 + (T2 T1)); V = V2 V1 = V1(T2 T1)
V1 =
3 3
V
=
167 3
(T2 T1 ) 1,8 10 4 -1 10 2
806
).
) p0 = 0gh0
151
V = V0 (1 + ) = Sh(1 + ); h = h0 (1 + )
=
0
0
m
m
; p=
gh0 (1 + T ) = gh0 = p0
=
=
V V0 (1 + T ) 1 + T
1 + T
p = p0
).
) p0 = 0gh0
V = V0 (1 + ); =
0
m
=
V0 (1 + T ) 1 + T
S .
h<
V V0
= (1 + T ) = h0 (1 + T )
S
S
p = gh =
0
0
gh <
gh0(1 + ) = p0
1 + T
1 + T
p < p0
).
) p0 > 0gh0
V = V0 (1 + )
=
0
m
=
V0 (1 + T ) 1 + T
S .
h>
V
= h0 (1 + T )
S
p = gh =
0
0
gh >
gh0(1 + ) = p0
1 + T
1 + T
p > p0
807 NaCl
; ;
.
808 ,
. ,
, .
809 . , , , . , .
, ..
.
152
810 - , .
811 - . ,
.
812 , ,
, .
813 1) .
( ), (
). .
2) .
.
2kl = mg; l =
mg
2k
mg
l0, l0 , 2k
.
814 .. ,
.
815
l = 5,4 ; l = 2,7 = 2,7 103 ; ?
l = 2,7 ;
=
l 2,7 10 3
=
= 5 10 4
5,4
l
816
l = 1 = 1 103 ; = 0,1% = 103; l ?
=
l
l 10 3
=
= 1
;l=
l
10 3
817
F = 25 = 2,5 104 ; G = 60 = 6 107 ; d ?
F=
2
2
d G; d =
4
2,5 10 4
3,14
6 10 7
0,022
818
F = 80 = 8 104 ; G = 600 /2 = 6 108 /2; d ?
S=
2
d
4
F G
8F 2 8F
; d =
= ;S=
S
8
G
4
G
153
32 F
=
G
d=
32 8 104
3,14 6 108
0,037
819
G = E
E=
G
3
=
= 2 104 = 20
1,5 10 4
820
P = 20 = 2 104 ; l = 5,0 ; S =4,0 2 = 4 104 2; = 2 104 /2 = 2
1010 ; G, l, ?
G=
2 10 4
P
=
= 5 10 7
S 4 10 4 2
G = ; =
=
G
P
2 10 4
=
=
= 2,5 10 3
4
E ES 4 10 2 2 1010
l
Pl
2 10 4 5
=
= 1,25 10 2 = 1,25
; l = l =
ES 4 10 4 2 2 1010
l
821
l = 30 ; = 2,7 /3 = 2,7 103 /3; = 2 104 /2 =
= 2 1010 ; l, ?
mg lSg
mg
l
= G;
=
= l g; = E
l
S
S
S
l
g 2
; l =
l =
gl = E
E
l
10 2
3
302 2 2,43 10 4
2 1010
2,7 103
822 F = 25 = 2,5 104 ; G = 60 /2 = 6 107 ; = 2 1011 ;

l = 200 ; l ?
S=
2 F
F
d;
= G; d 2 = ; d =
4
S
G
4
G=E
4F
4 2,5 10 4
2,3 10 2
G
3,14 6 10 7
6 10 7
G
l
200 = 0,06
; l = l =
E
l
2 1011
823 F = 200 ; l = 3 ; S = 1 2 = 106 2; = 2 1011 ; l, ?

F
l
F
200
; =
=
= 10- 3
= G = E = E
S
l
E 10- 6 2 1011
l = l = 103 3 = 3 103 = 3
154
824
G = 2 1011 ; S = 0,5 2 = 5 107 2; l = 4 ; l = 2 =
= 2 103 ; F ?
F
l
l
2 10-3
=G=E
; F = SE
= 5 107 2 2 1011
= 50
S
l
l
4
825
d1 = 0,2 ; d2 = 0,4 ;
1
?
2
d 2 (0 ,4 ) 2
F
= G1 ;
= G 2 ; 1 = 22 =
=4
2
2
2 d1
(0 ,2 ) 2
d1
d2
4
4
826
l1 1
2 l 2
F
F
l
l
=
= E 1 = E1 ;
=E 2 =E
= E 2 ; 1 = 2;
l
2
l2 4
S
l
2S
l
2
827
F = 2,5 = 2,5 103 ; G = 1 /2 = 109 ; S ?
F
F 2,5 103
= G; S = =
= 2,5 10- 6 2
S
G
109
828
d = 18 = 1,8 102 ; G = 200 /2 = 2 108 ; F ?
F=G
2
3,14
d 2 108
1,82 104 2 5,1 104
4
4
829
m = 200 ; G = 108 ; S ?
mg G
5mg
=
= ; S=
S
5
G
5 200 10
108
2 = 10- 4 2
830
m = 30 ; S = 5 2 = 5 104 2
5 30 10 2
mg G
5mg
= ; G=
=
= 3 108
S
5
S
5 10 - 4 2
, > 3 108 .
.
155
831
P = 100 = 105 ; N = 200; G = 5 108 ; = 350 =
= 3,5 108 ; d ?
P
G
5P
= ; S=
; S = d 2; d =
NS 5
NG
4
d =2
4S
S
=2
5P
105
2
3 10 - 3 = 3
NG
3,14 200 3,5 108
832
G = 6 /2 = 6 106 ; = 2 103 /3; h ?
gSh G
G
6 106
=
= 50
= ; h=
S
6
6g 6 2 103 10
3
2
833
d = 3 = 3 102 ; G = 70 /2 = 7 107 ; m ?
mg G
GS Gd 2 3,14 7 107 (3 10 2 ) 2
= ; S = d2 ; m =
=
495
S
10
4
10 g
40 g
40 10 2
834
G = 5 108 ; = 7,8 103
G=
h=
3
;h?
3 ; = 10
mg FA ghS (C B )
=
= gh(C B )
S
S
G
5 108
=
7,3
g ( C B ) 10 (7,8 103 103 )
2
3
3
835
l = 42 = 0,42 ; r = 3 = 3 103 ; l = 20 = 0,2 ; m =
= 20 = 2 102 ; V = 20 /; ?
F = SG = r2E
l
r 2 E
= kl, k =
l
l
. , :
E=
156
kl 2 r 2 E 2 mV 2
=
l =
2
r
rl
2
2 10- 2 20 2 2 0,42
mV 2l
E= 2 2
3
r l
3,14 (3 10- 3 ) 0,2 2 2
836
S = 1 2 = 106 2; F = 50 ; = 1,2 1011 ; = 1,6 105 1; ?
F
l
F
=E
; l = l;
= ET
S
S
l
T =
F
50
=
26
SE 10- 6 2 1,2 1011 1,6 10- 5 -1
837
S = 100 2 = 102 2; = 50; = 1,1 105 1; =
= 2 1011 ; ?
=
l
l
; l = l;
=
l
l
=
F = S = S = 1,1 105 1 2 1011 102 2 50 1,1
838
1 = 0; 2 = 20; = 1,1 105 1; = 2 1011 ; ?
= =
l
; l = l
l
= = (2 1) = 2 1011 105 1 20 = 4,4 107

839
0 = 283 ; 1 = 303 ; 2 = 243 ; = 2 1011 ; = 1,1 105 1
G1 =
l1
; l1 = l(1 0)
l
G1 = (1 0) = 2 1011 1,1 105 1 (303 283 ) = 4,4 107
G2 = (0 2) = 2 1011 1,1 105 1 (283 243 ) = 8,8 107

4,4 107 G 8,8 107 .
840
1 = 0; 2 = 500; l = 1 = 102 ; S = 2 2 = 2 104 ;
= 2 1011 ; = 1,1 105 1; l = 2 ; F ?
= 2 1
l1 = l
157
F
lT l
l l2
l
=E 1
=E
= E T
S
l
l
l
F = S(
l
) = 2 1011 2 104 2
l
(1,1 105 1 500
10-2
) = 4 104
2
841
1 = 0; G = 5 /2 = 5 106 ; = 104 /2 = 1010 ;
= 1,2 105 1
l = l(2 1); G =
2 = 1 +
l
= (2 1)
l
G
5 106
= 10
42
E 10 1,2 10- 5 -1
842 , .. ,
, -
843 , - , , .
844 , ; , .
, ( ). ,
, ,
.
845
(.
844). .
846 (, ),
. , , .. , .
847 .. , . , - , , , .
158
848 .
849 ,
, .. , , .
850 . , .
851
) ,
: .
, .. , . , , .
, ,
. .
,
, , .
) ( . ).
(
),

, .
852 q1 = 1 ; q2 = -1 ; r = 10 . F ?

F =k
q1 q 2
r
, k = 9 10 9
10 6 10 6
2
= 0,9 (H )
; F = 9 10 9
2
2
10 1
( )
853
q1 = 10 ; q2 = 15 ; r = 5 . F ?
159
F =k
q1 q 2
r
10 10 9 15 10 9
; F = 9 10 9
(5 10 )
2 2
= 5,4 10 4 (H )
854
q1 = 2 ; q2 = 5 ; F = 6 . r ?
F =k
q1 q 2
r
,r=
k q1 q 2
F
; r=
9 10 9 2 10 9 5 10 9
= 3,16 10 3 ( )
9 10 3
855
F = 0,4 ; r = 5 ; q1 = q2 = q; q ?
F =k
q1 q 2
r
=k
q2
F
; q=r
k
r2
0,4 10 3
= 1,05 10 8 ( ) = 10,5 ( )
9 10 9
q = 5 10 2
856
q1 = 1 ; q2 = 4 ; 1 = 1; 2 = 2; r = 2 . F1 ? F2 ?
F =k
q1 q 2
; F1 = 9 10 9
r 2
F2 = 9 10 9
10 9 4 10 9
2 2 10 2
10 9 4 10 9
1 2 10 2
= 9 10 5 (H )
= 4,5 10 5 (H )
857
q1(0) = -1,5 ; q2(0) = 25 ; r = 6 . q1 ? q2 ? F ?
, q1(0 ) + q2(0 )
: q1 = q2 =
2
q1 = q 2 =
q1 q 2
1,5 + 25
= 11,75 ( ) ; F = k
2
r2
F = 9 10 9
(11,75 10 )
(5 10 )
6 2
2 2
858
|q1| = 5|q2|
) q1 q2 > 0;
F
?
F0
) q1 q2 < 0;
F
?
F0
160
= 4,97 10 2 (H )
q1 q 2
) F0 = k
k 5q 22
r
r2
.. ,
q=
q1 + q 2 5q 2 + q 2
q 2 k 9q 2
=
= 3q 2 ; F = k 2 = 2 2
2
2
r
r
F
9
= = 1,8 , .. 1,8 .
F0 5
) F0 = k
q1 q 2
k 5q 22
r
r2
,
(, q1 < 0,
q2 > 0, )
q=
q 2 q1 q 2 + 5q 2
q 2 k 4q 2
=
= 2q 2 ; F = k 2 = 2 2
2
2
r
r
F
F
4
= = 0,8; 0 = 1,25 , 1,25
F0 5
F
.
859
2
q 4q k 4q
q; 4q; . F1 = F0. r ?; F0 = k 2 = 2
x
x
.. ,
q1 =
q2
q2
q + 4q
= 2,5q ; F1 = k 12 = 6,25k 2
2
r
r
F1 = F0; 6,25
kq 2
r
=4
kq 2
x
. r=
6,25
x = 1,25 x
4
860
q1; q2; q1 q2 > 0; q1 q2. , F1 > F0.
F0 = k
q1 q2
r
=k
q1 q2
r2

q + q2
q = 1
2
F1 = k
(q1 + q2 )2 ; F F = k (q1 + q2 )2 q q = k q1 q2 2 > 0 ,

q2
k
=
1
0
1
2
2
4
r2
4r 2
r 2
r 2
161
.. F1 > F0 .
2
k q1 q2
, r2 2
( q1 q2), F1 F0,
F1, .
861
m = 150 ; q1 = 10 ; r = 32 .
T
) 1 = 0 ; ) 1 = 20; q2 ?
2
)
F1 F0 =
T0 + mg = 0
T0 mg = 0; T0 = mg. T0 = mg
T1 + mg + F = 0 ;
T0
+ mg + F = 0
2
1
mg
+ F = 0 ; F = mg
2
2
,
, .. q2
, q1, .. q2 > 0.
F=
q1 q2
q q
r 2 mg
mg
mg
; F =k
; k 1 22 =
; q2 =
2
2kq1
2
2
r
r
q2 =
150 10 6 9,81 0,32 2

= 8,37 10 7 ( )
2 9 109 10 10 9
)
T0 + mg = 0 ; T0 = mg ; T0 = mg. ; T1 + mg + F = 0 ; 2T0 + mg + F = 0
2( mg ) + mg + F = 0 ; F = mg
2-
g , , . , q2 < 0.
k
q1 q2
162
= mg ; q2 =
0,32 2 150 10 6 9,81

r 2 mg
= 1,67 10 6 ( )
; q2 =
kq1
9 109 10 10 9
862
q1(0) = 20 ; q2(0) = 0; m = 0,1 . h ?

q +q
20
q = q1 = q2 = 1(0 ) 2(0 ) . q = = 10 ( ) . 2
h F = mg,
F = k
q2
k
q2
.
;
k
= mg . h = q
2
2
mg
h
h
h = 10 10 9
9 109
= 3,03 10 2 ( )
0,1 10 3 9,81
863
+q; q;
F
q
1
; DA = AC = AB . 1 ?
F2
2
2
) |AB| . ,
q
,
2
q
q
q
2
2
2 = 4kq .
k
, F1 = k
+
2
2
x2
x
x

2
2
q
D,
) F2,
2
q
163
kq 2 1
1
F2 = FA FB =
2
2
2 x
3x

2
2

16 kq 2 F1
16
;
= 4 : = 2,25
=
2
F2
9
9 x
, F1 F2 2,25 .
864
q1 = 40 ; q2 = 10 ; r = 10 . q3 ? ?
q3 q1 q2, q 2 , .
, . q
, q1 q2, ,
q1 q2 q3, .
q3 q2 q3 q1, , q1 q2, .
, q3 > 0 q2 , q1 q2. (. .).
:
F31 = F21; F12 = F32; F23 = F13.
q3 q1
q2 q1
k
=k
2
r2
(r + x )
k
k
164
q1 q 2
r
q 2 q3
x2
=k
=k
q 2 q3
x2
q1 q3
(r + x )2
q1
(r + x )2
q2
;
x2
10
x=
40
1
10
q1
r
= + 1; x =
q2
x
r
q
1 1
q2
= 10 ( ); x = r ; q3 = q1
x2
= q1 ; q3 = 40 .
r2
, , q3 < 0
q1, = 20 , q3 = 40 , .. q3 < 0 q2, ( q3 = 40 <
0 ).
: = 10 , q3 = 40 , .
865
F?
, +q
F + F = F
F + F = F
: 2 F + 2 F = 4 F , F = k
866
a2
V = 9 3; = 7,8 103 3 ; q = 7 ; q = 2,1 ;
= 2; = 800 3 ; r ?

F + F = mg
F = k
q q B
r 2
165
F = Vg
m = V .
k
q q B
+ Vg = cVg ; k
r 2
r=
k q q B
c Vg
q q B
r 2
= c Vg
9 10 9 7 10 9 2,1 10 9
= 0,01 ( )
2 (7800 800) 9 10 9 10
; r=
.
867
m1 = m2 = m = 10 ; l = 30 ; 1 = 2 = = 15; q1 = q2 = q ?
T + F + mg = 0

:
:
F = sin
os = mg
F
q2
= tg; F = mgtg; F = k 2 ; r = 2l sin
mg
r
F =k
mgtg
q2
q2
; k 2 2 = mgtg ; q = 2l sin
2
k
4l sin
4l sin
2
q = 2 0,3 sin 15
10 10 3 10 3 10 tg15
= 8,47 10 9 ( ) = 8,47
9 10 9
868
l = 20 ; m1 = m2 = m = 5 ; q1 = q2 = q; = 60; q ?
166
T + F + mg = 0

F=
:
:
F sin = sin
os + F os= mg
mg
mg
q2
q2
mg
; F =k 2 ; k 2 =
; q=l
2k cos
2 cos
2 cos
l
l
q = 0,2
5 10 3 10
= 4,7 10 7 ( )
2 9 109 cos 60
869
= 800 3 ; = 2; m1 = m2 = m; 1 = 2 = ; q1 = q2 = q. ?
: T + F1 + mg = 0

:
:
F1 = mgtg
F1 = T sin
T cos
= mg
2
q2
; F1 = k
2
4l 2 sin
2
: FA + T + F2 + mg = 0

:
:
F2 = T sin
T cos
+ FA = mg
2
167
F = Vg; V =
F2 = mgtg
F2 = k
; FA = mg ; F2 ctg = mg 1
2

1
2
q2
4l 2 sin 2

; F2 = F1 1
; F1 = k
q2
4l 2 sin 2
F2 1
1
2

= = 1 ; = 1 ; =
800 = 1600 3
; =
F1

1
2 1

870
q1 = q2 = q; ; m; v0; l ?

W(0) + Wk(0) = W(l)
Wp ( 0) = mgH + k
Wk( 0 ) =
q2
,
H
mv 02
,
2
Wp (l ) = mgl + k
q2

l
mv 02
q2
q2
+ mgH + k
= mgl + k
2
H
l
mv 2
q 2
kq 2 = 0;
mgl 2 l 0 + mgH + k
2
+
H
l1, 2 =
l=
mv02
1 mv02
q2
q 2
2
+
+
+
+
mgH
k
mgH
k
4
mgkq
2
2mg 2
H
H
kq 2
1 v02
+
+H
2 2 g mgH
168
v02
kq 2
4kq 2
+
+H
2 g mgH
mg
871
|q1| = |q2| = q; q1 q2 < 0; H, m, v0. l ?
( : . 870)
Wp ( 0 ) = k
q1 q 2
q2
kq 2 mv02
q2
q2
= k
; Wp ( l ) =
;
+ mgH k
= mgl
H
H
l
2
H
l
2
2
2
2
2
mv0 + mgH k q mv0 + mgH k q 4mgkq 2
2
2
H
H
l1, 2
1
=
2mg
l=
1 v02
kq 2
+H+
2 2 g mgH
v02
4kq 2
kq 2
+H +
2 g mgH
mg
872
r = 1 ; q0 = 0,1 ; q1 = 10 ; ? F ?
q0
0,1 10 9

; E = 9 109
= 0,9
2
n
12

E=k
F = |q1|E; F = |10 109| 0,9 = 9 109 ()

873
= 107
= k
; = 1010 ; ?
d

2
= 4k
5,76 1011
107
2
1,6 10 9
l
9
4
9
10
=
= 5,76 1011
20 2
2
10
d
= 5,76 104
874
= 1,6 105
; r = 5 = 5 102 ; q ?
Er 2
E= 2; q=
=
k
r
q
25 10 4 2
4,4 108
2
9 109
2
1,6 105
875
q = 10 = 108 ; = 0,25 /; = 81; r ?
169
E=
kq
k q
; r=
r2
2
10 8
2
2,1 .
81 0,25
9 109
876
q1 = 4 109 ; q2 = 5 109 ; R = 0,6 ; ?
E1 = k
q1
R

2
= 4k
E = E1 E 2 =
4k
R
q2
q1
q
; E2 = k
= 4k 22
2
R2
R
R

2
4 9 10 9
2 (4 10 9 + 5 10 9 ) = 900
0,6 2
( q1 q 2 ) =
877
R = 8 ; r ?
E1 = k
9q
1
9
q
9q
q
; E2 = k
=0; 2
=0
; E =k 2 k
2
2
2
(R r)
(R r )2
r
(R r)
r
r
9r2 = (R r)2; 3r = (R r)
.. r > 0, 3r = R r
r=
R 8
=
= 2
4
4
878
q = 18 = 1,8 108 ; = 2 ; ?
E = k
; E = 2k 2 cos = k 2 = 9 10
3
a
a
a2
2 1,8 108
= 40,5
2
2 2
, q q q
q.
879
q = 10 = 108 ; r1 = 10 = 0,1 ; r2 = 5 = 5 105 ;
Q = 100 = 107 ; ? F ?
170
E = k
q
q
= 4k 2
r12
+
r
4r22
1
+ r22
4
E = 2 E cos
q
= 4 2k 2
4
r1 + 4r22
4 1,41 9 109
2
10 8
2,54 10 4
2
2 2
2 2
0,1 + 4 0,05
F = Q = 107 2,54 104
= 2,54 103
880
q = 6,4 106 ; d = 12 = 0,12 ; r = 8 = 0,08 ; ?
E = k
d
q d
qd
q
; E = 2 E cos = 2k 2
; cos =
=k 3 =
2r
r2
r 2r
r
= 9 109
2 6,4 10 6 0,12
= 13,5 107
2
0,083 3
881
m = 1 109 = 1012 ; q = 3,2 1017 ; ?
10 12 10 2
mg
3,1 105
mg = qE; E =
=
17
q
3,2 10
171
882
l = 1,6 1019 ; = 900 /3; = 10 000 / = 104 /; d ?
mg = lE;
d =3
3
d g = lE
6
6lE 3
6 1,6 10 19 10 4
3,14 900 10
7 10 7
883
m =0,18 = 1,8 103 ; 1 = 1800 /3; 2 = 900 /3; =
= 45 / = 4,5 104 /; q ?
mg = qE +
m
2g
1
mg 2
1 =
q=
E 1
900 3
2 1
4,5 10 4
1800 3
1,8 10 4 10
= 2 10 8
884
m = 0,25 = 2,5 104 ; = 1,0 106 /; q = 2,5 = 2,5 109 ; ?
r r
r
T + F + mg = 0

cos = mg
Tsin = F = qE
tg =
qE 2,5 10 9 10 6 /
=
=1
mg
2,5 10 4 10/ 2
= arctg 1 =
172
885
q = 20 = 2 108 ; 1 = 700 ; 2 = 200 ; 1 = 100 ;
2 = 400 ; ? ?
= q (1 2) = 2 108 (700 200 ) = 105
= q (1 2) = 2 108 (100 400 ) = 6 106
886
= 1 / = 103 /; q = 25 = 2,5 108 ; d = 2 =
= 2 102 ; ? W ? U ?
U = Ed = 103 / 2 102 = 20
= qU = 2,5 108 20 = 5 107
W = = 5 107
887
= 60 / = 6 104 /; q = 5 = 5 109 ; = 60; d =
= 20 = 0,2 ; ? W ? U ?
U = Ed cos = 6 104 / 0,2
1
= 6 103
2
A = qU = 5 109 6 103 = 3 105
W = = 3 105 .
:
U = 6 103 ; = 3 105 ; W = 3 105 .
888. q1 = 10 = 108 ; q1 = 1 = 109 ; R = 1,1 ; ?
q
q
q
q
1 = k 1 ; 2 = k 1 ; 1 + 2 = 0; k 1 + k 1 = 0;
r
q1
-8
10
= 1 ;
10 10-9 + 10-9
2 10-8
10-9
q1
q2
2
(
+
E = k(
) = 9 10
2
11 2
r 2 (R - r )2
1,1 - 1
r=R
q1 - q2
= 1,1
2=
= 9,9 / 1 /.
889.
.
q1 = 2 = 2 106 ; q2 = 5 = 5 106 ;
d =40 = 0,4 ; Q = 10 = 10-8 ; r = 30 = 0,3 ; ?;
1 = k(
q1
r
q2
d2 - r 2
); 2 = k(
q1
d2 + r 2
q2
r
); A = Q(1 2) =
173
q
q1
q
q2
2
= kQ( 1 +
2 ) = 9 109
r
r
2
d 2 + r2
d 2 r2
2 106
5 106
5 106 0,2 106
)=
(
+
0,3
0,3
0,32 2 + 0,42 2
0,32 2
= 3,6 104 .
174
890. , . ,
.
,
.
891. .
892. ,
, , , F .
, .. .
D , D .
,
q , , ..
.
893. , , ,
. , ,
.
894. .
, , .
, . ,
, D.
895.
) > ;
) < D.
896. . .
897. ,
.
898. ,
.
899. , D , ..
, D .
900.
.
901.
D.
D , ..
.
D , ..
174
, D. ,
.
902. , ..

, ,
, .
903.
=k
q
.
r2
904.
=k
q
.
r
905.
, .
0, r < R 0 ,
= q
k 2 , r > R 0 .
r
q
, r < R0,
k
R0
=
k q , r >
R0.
r
175
906.
=k
=k
q
q
4
4
; = k ; q = V = r3, r < R0; = k
r
3
3
r2
4
4
r3
= r2 , r < R0; =
k, = kq.
r
3
3
r , r < R 0 ,
r 2 , r < R 0 ,
=
E=
,
, r > R0.
r2
r
0, r < R 0 ,
k q
=
, R0
< r < R 0 + d,
r2
q
k , r > R 0 + d;
r 2
k q
, r < R0,
R
0
k q
=
, R0
< r < R 0 + d,
r
q
k r , r > R 0 + d;
176
r3
= r, r < R0;
r2
907.
)
)
908. r = 1 = 106 ; U = 820 ; d = 8 = 8103 ; = 0,8 /3 = 800
/3; ?
2 r 3 gd
U
4
; m = r3; e =
3U
d
3
2 3,14 800 / 3 10 18 3 10 / 2 8 10 3
1,631019 .
3 820
2 = mg; Ed = U; E =
909. m = 108 = 1011 ; U = 6000 ; N = 1000; d = 5 = 5102 ;

U ?
mg = q d ,
mg = q U1 ,
1 d
q 1 = q Ne,
qU = q U ;
1 1
q=
q
q
mgd
q
; U1 = U
=U
; U = U1 U = U(
1) =
q Ne
U
q Ne
q1
Ne
mgd 10 11 10 / 5 10 -2
;q=
=
8,31015 ;
q Ne
6000
U
1000 1,6 10 19
6000 960 .
U =
8,3 10 15 1000 1,6 10 19
=U
910. r = 2 = 210-6 ; d = 8 = 8103 ; = 800 /3; U ?
4g r 3 d
4 3
U
r = 3e ; U =
3
d
9e
4 3,14 800 / 3 10 / c2 2 3 10 18 3 8 10 3
4466 .
9 1,6 10 -19
g
) , .
) , .
177
911. R = 0,5 = 510-3 ; d = 10 = 0,1 ; F = 0,01 H; q = 3 =

= 310-9 ; U ?
q
q2
q2
U
d
=F+k
;U= (F+k
)=
d
q
R2
R2
0,1
2 32 10 18
(0,01 + 9 10 9
) 4,4105 .
2
6
-9
2
2
3 10
5 10
912.
q = 3 = 3109 ; = 45; m = 4 = 4103 ; S = 314 2 = 3,14102 2;

Q?
Q
G
Q
qQ
;E=
=
; F = qE =
;
S
oS
o oS
T cos = mg, qE
qQ
= mg tg ;
= tg ; qE = mg tg ;
oS
T sin = qE; mg
G=
mg tg o S
=
q
Q=
=
4 10 3 10 / 1 8,85 10 -12 /3,14 10 -2 2

3,7106 .
3 10 - 9
913. U1 = 1000 / = 106 /; v2 = 3000 / = 3106 /; m = 9,11031

U?
9,1 10 31
m 2
( v v2 ) =
2
1
2e
2 1,6 10 19 v 22 v12
U=
(321012 2/2 1012 2/2 ) 23 .

914. = 1,2 / = 120 /; vo = 1000 / = 102 /; l ?; t ?
:
l=
m v o2
178
2eE
m v 2o
= eEl;
2
9,1 10 31 1012 2 / c 2
2,4102 ;
2 1,6 10 19 120 /
eE
eE v o2
eE
v2
=
t ; vo =
; vo = o t; t =
t;
2l
2l
m
m
m
2
2l 2 2,4 10
=
=
= 4,8108 .
6
vo
10 /
915. v = 4109 / = 4107 /; d = 1 = 102 ; l = 5 = 5102 ;
U = 300 ; ?
U
l
1 Ee 2 Ue l 2
=
; =
t= ;E=
t =
v
2 m
md v 2
d
0 = vo
1 300 1,6 10 -19

52 10 4 2
4,12103 = 4,12 .
2 9,1 10 -31 10 -2 4 2 1014 2 / c 2
916. Uo = 5000 ; l = 5 = 5102 ; d = 1 = 102 ; U ?

2e U o
m v o2
:
= e Uo; v o2 =
;
2
m
l d 1 eE 2 1 eU l 2 1 eU 2 m
1 l2 U
;
;
=
=
=
t =
l
2 md v 2 2 md
2e U o 4 d U o
v 2 2 m
10 4 2
d2
= 25000
= 400 .
U = 2Uo
52 10 4 2
l2
t=
917. l = 4 = 4102 ; = 2 = 2103 ; =2,25 /=2,25104 /;

vo ? Wo ?
m v 2o
1 eE 2 1 eE l 2 1 eE l 2
; =
;
=
t =
2 m
2 m v 2o 4 W o2
2
vo
1 eE l 2 1 1,6 10 19 2,25 10 4 / 4 2 10 4 2
Wo =
=
=
4 x
4
2 10 -3
t=
; Wo =
= 7,21016 ;
Wo =
m v2
o;v =
o
2
2W o
m
2 7 ,2 10 16
4107 /.
31
9 ,1 10
cos
;
cos
eE
eE
L
;
v sin = vo sin +
t ; vo cos tg = vo sin +
m
m v o cos
918. t =
vo =
v o cos
; v cos = vo cos; v = vo
eEL
;
m cos (cos tg sin )
179
Wo =
m v 2o
eEl
;
=
2
2 cos (cos tg - sin )
919. ) Wo = 1,61015 ; d = 1 = 102 ; l = 10 = 0,1 ;

L = 20 = 0,2 ; U = 40 B; x ?
2W o
m v o2
l
m
;t=
Wo =
=l
; vo =
;
2
m
2W o
v
eEl
eE
m
eE
t =
l
=
m
m
2W o
v=
2m W o
; t =
L
vo
=L
m
2W o
eE 2 eElL eE 2 m
=
+
l
t =
2m
2 W o 2m 2 W o
eEl
l
eUl
l
(L + ) =
( L + ) 5105 ;
=
2W o
2
2d W o
2
x = vt +
) U = kt; U(0) = 0; =

x =
U kt kl
= =
2
2
2
e l
l
kl
(L + ) =
2d W o
2
4
m
;
2W o
el
m
l
(L + ) .
2W o d W o
2
q2
q2
mg ; r = 2x; ma = k
mg ;
4 x2
r2
.. ,
920. 1) ma = k
: k
q2
q
k
mg = 0 , x =
.
2
2
mg
4x
2) :
q2
l
=k
x =
q2
2x
q
2
mv
l
+ mg ( x ); v =
2
2
(2 x l )(
k q2
mg )
xl
,
m
k
.
mg
3) v = 0.
k q2
mg )
k q2
k q2
xl
= 0. .. 2x l > 0,
mg = 0; x =
.
m
mgl
xl
921. .. , ,
, , , , ,
.
(2 x l )(
180
922. , .
v1 = v1 + v 0 ,
v 2 v1
v + v2
; v1 = v 2 = 1
.
v 2 = v 2 v 0 , v 0 =
2
2
v = v ;
1
2
1) :
v 2
v 2
q2 m
q2
q2
4k
m 1 +m 2 =k
;r =
;
.
(v1 + v 2 ) 2 = k
r
4
r
m (v + v ) 2
2
2
1
2
2) :
m ~2 ~2
m 2
2
2
2 ~2 ~2
2 ~2 ~2
2
(v1 + v 2) = (v 1 + v 2), v1 + v 2 = v
1 + v 2 , v1 + v 2 = v 1 + v 2 ,
2
2
~ m v~ ; v1 v 2 = v~1 v~ 2 ; v1v 2 = v~1v~ 2 ;
m v m v = m v
2
1
2
1
2
v1 v2
: v12 + v22 = ~
v12 + 2 ,
~
v1
:
2
~
v (v + v ) ~
v +v +v .
4
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
~
v1' = v2 ; ~
v1' = v1 . -
.
923. ) .
) , .
.. , ,
, , . ).
924. , ..
. - ,
. , .. ,
.
925. , , ;
, .. .
926. S = 1 2 = 104 2; d = 0,1 = 104 ; = 10000; ?
C=
o S 104 8,85 1012 / 10-4 2

= 8,85108 .
=
d
10-4
927. = 1 ; b = 10 = 0,1 ; d = 0,1 = 104 ; = 3; ?
C=
o ab 3 8,85 1012 / 1 0,1

26,6109 .
=
-4
d
10
.
928. = 5 = 51012 ; U = 1000; q ?
q = CU = 51012 1000 = 5109 .
929. = 10 = 0,1 ; d = 1 = 103 ; q = 1 = 109 ; U ?
C=
q
qd
o a2
109 10-3
11 .
; U= =
=
C o a2 8,85 1012 / 0,12 2
d
181
930. = 10 = 0,1 ; q = 1 = 109 ; Q = 100 = 107 ; E ? F ?
q
qd
o a2
;
; U= =
C o a2
d
U
q
109
1,1104 /;
E= =
=
d o a 2 8,85 10-12 / 0,12 2
C=
F = QE = 107 1,1104 / = 1,1103 .

, , ,
. , ,
, .
931. S = 625 2 = 6,25102 2; d1 = 0,5 ; U1 = 10 B; d2 = 5 ; U2 ?
q d1
qd2
q
q
S
S
; U2 =
;
=
=
C1 = o ; C 2 = o ; U 1 =
S
d1
d2
C1 0
C2 0 S
5
d2
= 10
= 100 .
0,5
d1
932. U1 = 200 ; d1 = 0,2 ; d 2 = 0,7 ; 1 = 1; 2 = 7; U2 ?
q
q d2
q
q d1
1 0 S
S
; C2 = 2 0 ; U1 =
;
=
; U2 =
=
C1 =
d1
d2
C2 2 0 S
C1 1 0 S
0,7 1
d 2 1
= 200 B
= 100 .
U2 = U1
0,2 7
d1 2
U2 = U1
933. 1 = 1 ; 2 = 2 ; ? ?
C1
C2
; =
1 2

C1 C2
=
0,67 ;
1
+
+ 2
C1 C2
= 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3 .
934. 1 = 2 ; = 1 ; = 11 ; 2 ? 3 ?
= C1 + C2 + C3 ;
1
1
1
1
=
+
+ ;
C
C1 C2 C3
C1 = C2 + C3 ;
C1 C C2 + C3
=
;
CC
C2 C 3
1
C3 = C C1 C2 ;
C1 C C C1
=
.
C2 C3
C1 C
C3 = 9 C2 ;
C3 = 9 C2 ;
1
2 = C C ; C2 C3 = 18;
2 3
2 = 3 ; 3 = 6 2 = 6 ; 3 = 3 .
935. 1 = 3 ; 2 = 5 ; 3 = 6 ; 4 = 5 ; ?
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
C = + + + = + + + = 4,5 .
3 6
5 5
C1 C3
C2 C4
936. U = 20000 B; C1 = 2000 = 2109 ; C2 = 1000 = 109 ; q ?
C = C1 + C2; q = CU = (C1 + C2)U = 2000 B (2109 + 109 ) = 6105 .
182
937.
1 = 1 = 106 ; 2 = 3 = 3106 ;U = 220 B; U1 ? U2 ?
C1 C 2 ; q = CU ;
C1 + C 2
q
3 220
C1 C 2 U
C 2U
U 1 = = + = + = 3 + 1
C1 C1 C 2 C1 C1 C 2
C=
= 165 ;
U2 = U U1 = 220 B 165 B = 55 B.
938. 1 = 1 ; 2 = 2 ; U = 900 B; U = 550 ;
C1 C 2 ; q = CU = U C1 C 2 ;
C1 + C 2
C1 + C 2
.. U1 > U , C

C=
-
.
939. U = 32 B; C1 = 0,1 ; C2 = 0,25 ; C3 = 0,5 ; U1 ? U2 ?
1
U1 =
U2 =
U3 =
C1 C 2 C 3
UC
C1
UC
C2
UC
C3
1 1 1
+ +
C1 C 2 C 3
;C =
= 32 B
0,0625
= 20 ;
0,1
= 32 B
0,0625
= 8 ;
0,25
= 32 B
0,0625
= 4 .
0,5
1
1
1
0,1 + 0,25 + 0,5
= 0,0625 ;
940. 1 = 1 = 106 ; 2 = 2 = 2106 ; U1 = 20 ; U2 = 50 ;

U?
C = C1 + C2 ; C1 U1 + C2 U2 = CU = (C1 + C2) U;
U=
C1 U1 + C2 U2 106 20 + 2 10-6 50
=
= 40 .
C1 + C2
106 + 2 10-6
941. 1 = 20 = 105 ; U1 = 100 ; U2 = 40 ; U = 80 B; 2 ?
C = C1 + C2 ; C1 U1 + C2 U2 = CU = (C1 + C2) U;
100 80
U1 U2
= 20
= 10
C2 = C1
U U1
80 40
942. 1 = 3 = 3106 ; C = 0,75 = 0,75106 ; U1 = 20 ;
C = 7 = 7106 ; 2 ? 3 ? U2 ? U3 ?
1
1
1
1
+
+
,
=
C C1 C2 C3
C = C + C + C .
1
2
3
183
1 1
1 1 C 3 + C2
1
= +
+
= +
,
,
0
75
3
C2 C 3 3 C3 C2
7 = 3 + C + C ;
3
2
, C3 C2 = 4,
1 =
C 3 C2
4 = C + C ; C3 + C2 = 4;
3
2
C3 = 2 ; 2 = 2 ;
3
C1
20 = 30 ;
1 U1 = C2 U2 ; U3 =
U1 =
2
C3
3
C1
20 = 30 .
U2 =
U1 =
2

C2
944.
1
1
C= +
C1 C2 + C3
C1 (C2 + C3)
;
C1 + C2 + C3
C1 (C2 + C3)
;
q 3 = C =
C1 + C2 + C3
q
C1 C2
;
q 2 = ( 3 ) C2 =
C1
C1 + C2 + C3
q
C1 C2
.
q 3 = ( 3 ) C3 =
C1
C1 + C2 + C3
=
945. 1 = 2 = 2106 2 = 5 = 5106 ; ? y ?
U=
U=
q
C2
q
C2
;U =
;U =
q
1 1 1
+ +
C1 C x C y
q
1 1 1
+ +
Cy C1 C2
1 1 1
2 = + +
C y C1 C2
; C x = C2 = 5 106 ;
C1 C2 Cy
;
C1 C2 + C1 C y + C2 Cy
C1 C2 + C1 C y + C2 C y = C1 C y ; Cy = C2 = 2 .
q 1 = C1 ( 1 + U AB); q 2 = C 2 ( 2 U AB); q 1 = q 2 ;
946. C1 1 + C1 U AB = C 2 2 C 2 U AB ;
U AB =
184
C 2 2 + C1 1
.
C 2 + C1
947. U = 600 B; v = 6 / = 610-2 /; S0 = 100 2 = 102 2;

d = 0,1 = 103 ; I ?
0 S 0 S0 0 vt S0
;
=
d
d
d
U 0 S0
S 0 vt S0
)=
( S0 vt );
q = CU = U( 0 0
d
d
d
U 0 S0 v
q q ( t ) q (0)
=
=
=
I=
t
t0
d
S = S0 vt S0 ; C =
600 8,85 10-12 / 10-2 2 6 102 /

3,19 108 .
3
10
948. q = 103 ; = 2 = 2106 ; W ? U ?
q
103
=
= 500 ;
C 2 10-6
q2
106 2
W=
=
= 0,25 .
2C 2 2 106
U=
949. = 10 = 105 ; U = 1000 B; W ?
W=
C U2 105 10002 2
=
= 5 .
2
2
950. 1 = 2 = 2106 ; 2 = 0,5 = 5107 ; U1 = 100 B;

U2 = 50 B; W ?
q1 = C1 U1 ; q 2 = C2 U2 ;
W=
C1 U1 C2 U2 (C1 U1 + C2 U2)
C U C U ( C U + C2 U 2 )
+
= 1 1+ 2 2 1 1
=
2
2
2C
2
2
2(C1 + C2)
2
2 106 1002 2 5 107 502 2 (2106 100 +510-7 50 )

+
2
2 (2 106 + 5 10-7 )
2
5 104 .
951. 0 = 4 = 4106 ; Q = 10 ; N = 20; U ?
C U 2 N C0 2
=
U ;
n =1
2
2
2Q
2 10
=
500 .
U=
4 106 20
N C0
N
C = C0 = N C 0 ; Q =
952. U = 2000 B; R = 100 ; 1 = 2 = 2106 ; t = 10 c;

2 = 10 = 105 ; Q ?
185
dq C2 C1
C2 C1
t; q ( t ) = C(t ) U; I =
U;
=
t
t
dt
R
(C C )2
Q = R I 2 t = U2 2 2 1 Rt = U2 (C2 C1) 2
=
t
t
2 100
= 20002 (105 2106 )
= 0,00256 .
10
C(t ) = C1 +
953. d = 5 = 5102 ; S = 500 c2 = 5102 ; U = 2000 B;

d1 = 1 = 102 ; W ?
C1 U2 0 S U2
;
=
2
2d
1
1
1
d
d
d
d d1
d
=
+
=
+
1 =
;
0 S
0 S 0 S 0 S 0 S
0 S
C2 0 S
d
d d d1
W0 =
C2 =
0 S
S U2
C U2
; W1 = 2
;
= 0
d d1
2
2(d d1)
1 S U 2 d d + d1
0 S U2 1
= 0
=
2(d d1) d d1 d1
2 d (d d1)
8,85 1012 / 5 10-2 2 20002 2
S U2
d1
= 0
=
2 d (d d1)
2
0,01
4,4 106 .
0,05 (0,05 0,01 )
W = W1 W0 =
954.
1
2
R ; S2 = ( ) R 2 ;
2
2
( ) 0 R 2
0 S1 0 R 2
S
=
; C1 = 0 2 =
;
C1 =
d
2d
d
2d
S1 =
1) .
0 R 2 U2
C1 U2
C U2
; W2 = 2 ; W1 =
;
2
2
4d
( ) 0 R 2 U2
0 R 2 U2
; A = W1 W2 =
.
W2 =
4d
4d
W1 =
2) .
186
q = C1U =
0 R 2U
2d
;W 1 =
2
0 R 2U
q
W 2 = 2 =
C 2 2d
0 R 2U 2
4d
1
2d
=
2 ( ) R 2
0
0 R U
4d ( )
2 2
0 R 2U 2
0R U
1 =
4d
4d ( )

. .
955.
A = W 1 W 2 =
1
1
= 1+
+
1 + 8 + 1 10
+ 1 = 7
187
1 1
R CD = + = r; R BCD = 3r + R CD = 3r + r = 4 r;
2r 2r
1
1
1
1
1 3
=
+
=
+
= r;
R BE
4r 4r
R BCD 4 r
3
1
1 1
R AE = R AB + R BE = r + r = 2 r; R AF = + = r.
2r 2r
, .
, ,
2r . , :
1
1
1
R=
+
= 2 r.
3r + r 3r + r
956. 1
2 .
r 1 1
r
R ACB
; R ACB = + + + = 2 r;
2
2 2r 2r
2
2r
= r.
R AB =
2
R AB =
957.
, . ,
. , :
1
1 1 1
+ +
= 0,5 ().
R =
1+1 1 1+1
188
959. 1)
. R = 0, R =
R R
2 2 = R.
R R 4
+
2 2
2) ,
R =
RR
R
= ,
R+R 2
R = 0.
960. U 0 U0.
961. 1) ,
.. .
2) .
: , (
).
: ;
.
962. R .
l
d2
;S =
;
S
4
4l 4 0,017 / 2 30
R=
=
= 0,38 .
d2
3,14 1,32
R=
..
R = R + R = 0,38 + 0,38 = 0,76 () .

U = R I = 0,76 10 = 7,6 (B).
963. R R
R =
R R
.
R + R
U U( R + R )
;
=
R
R R
I R R = U R + U R ; R ( I R U) = U R ;
50 40000
U R
=
1000 .
R =
I R U 0,5 40000 50
I=
189
U 40 B
=
= 3,33 ;
I
12 A
R = R + R + R = 2 R + R ;
964.
U 110 B
R= =
= 9,17 ;
I 12 A
R = R 2 R = 9,17 2 3,33 = 2,5 .
R =
965.
U = I R ; U1 = U IR IR = U 2IR;
( R + R + R) R
(2 R + R ) R
U
+ R = 2R +
=
; R = R +
I=
(
)
R
R
2( R + R )
+
+
+
R
R
R
(2 1,5 + 36)36
= 2 1,5 +
= 21,72 .
2(1,5 + 36)
12
I=
0,55 ;
21,72
U1 = 12 2 0,55 1,5 = 10,4 B;
U1 10,4
=
= 0,29 A;
I1 =
36
R
I 2 = I I1 = 0,55 0,29 = 0,26 A;
U2 = I 2 R = 0,26 36 = 9,4 B.
966.
U
U
;
=
(
+
R1 R 2 R1 n + 1)
U n + 1 I 2 ( n +1) 2
; =
.
=
n
R1 n I1
R 2 = n R1 ; I1 =
I2 =
190
U
R1 R 2
R1 + R 2
967.
n
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
3
2
2
968. R I II, 4R III.
R 4R
R2 R3
= R+
= 1,8R;
4R + R
R2 + R3
90
U
I=
=
= 0,5; R = 100 ;
R 1,8R
4R = 400 ; R I = 100 ; R II = 100 ; R III = 400 ;
UI = R I I I = 0,5 100 = 50 B;
UII = UIII = 90 50 = 40 B;
40
40
UII
U
=
= 0,4 A; I III = III =
= 0,1 A.
I II =
100
400
R II
R III
R = R1 +
969.
I1 = I 2 =
; R = R + R +
( R + R + R) R
2,75R = 2,75 2 = 5,5 ;
( R + R + R) + R
R
55
= 10 ;
I1 = I 2 =
5,5
U1 = U2 = I1 R = 10 2 = 20 B;
U3 = U U1 U2 = 55 20 20 = 15 B;
U3 15 B
=
= 7,5 ;
I3 =
R
2
I 4 = I5 = I 6 = I1 I 3 = 10 7,5 = 2,5 A;
U4 = U5 = U6 = I 4 R = 2,5 2 = 5 B.
191
970.
2,5
U1 3,5
U
=
= 10 ; R 2 = 2 =
= 5 ;
I1 0,35
I 2 0,5
U1 + U2 = 3,5 + 2,5 = 6 B.
R1 =
, ,
0,15 .
R 1 I1 = R p I p ; R p =
R1 I1 10 0,35
=
23 ;
0,15
Ip
23<30, , .
971.
U BP = U1 U4 = I1 R1 I 4 R 4 = 0;
U
U
; I4 =
;
I1 =
R3 + R4
R1 + R 2
U R1
U R4
= 0;
R1 + R 2 R 3 + R 4
( R R + R 1 R 4 R1 R 4 R 2 R 4 )
U 1 3
= 0;
( R1 + R 2)( R 3 + R 4)
R1 R 3 R 2 R 4 = 0.
973. 972, R1 R 3 = R x R 2 = 0; R x =
U = IR;I =
R1 R 3
.
R2
R
1,5 1
;U =
=
= 1 B.
R+r
R + r 1 + 0,5
975. U0 = 1,5 B; r = 0,5 ; R = 1 ; U ?
I=
1,5 1
U0
U R
; U = IR = 0 =
= 1 B.
R+r
R + r 1 + 0,5
976. U =
192
R
R
1,55
1 3 = 1,9 .
;r =
R = 1 R =
U
0,95
R+r
U
977.
30 B
=
= 10 ;
I
3A
U 18 B
R= =
= 6 ; r = (R + r) R = 10 6 = 4 .
I
3A
R+r =
978. 977,
r = 4 .
979.
; I2 =
;
+
r
R2 + r
R1
I1 R1 + I1 r = ; I 2 R 2 + I 2 r = ;
I1 R1 + I1 r = I 2 R 2 + I 2 r;
5 5 8 2
I R I R
r= 1 1 2 2=
= 3 ;
85
I 2 I1
= I1 R1 + I1 r = I1 ( R1 + r ) = 5(5 + 3) = 40 B.
I1 =
980.
R1
R2
; U2 =
;
+
r
R1
R2 + r
U R + U2 r
U1 R1 + U1 r
= ; 2 2
= ;
R2
R1
U1
U
r = U2 + 2 r;
U1 +
R1
R2
29 28
U2 U1
=
= 1 .
r=
U1 U2 28 29
R1 R 2 14 29
U1 =
981.
1B
U
=
= 0,1 ;
R + R + r
R 10
1,25
10 0,4 = 2,1 ;
R = R r =
0,1
I
U = R I = 2,1 0,1 = 0,21 B.
I=
;I =
982.
1,5
;r = =
= 0,05 ;
r
I 30
R
1,5 1
U = IR =
=
= 1,43 B.
R + r 1 + 0,05
I =
193
983.
6B
= 0,02 ;
I 300 A
U = IR = 100 0,04 = 4 B.
r=
984.
40 10
R1 R 2
=
= 8 ;
R1 + R 2 40 + 10
10 B
= R =
8 = 2 ;
I
1A
10 B
= 5 .
I = =
r 2
R=
985. R , R .
R 1200
=
= 12 ;
N
100
220
U
I= =
= 18,3 A;
R 12
= I( R + R + r ) = 18,3(12 + 4 + 0,8) = 307 B;
U = I( R + R ) = 18,3(12 + 4) = 293 .
R =
986.
20
= 10 ;
2
( R + R + R) R
+R =
R = R +
R + R + R + R
(10 + 200 + 10)200
= 10 +
+ 10 = 124,7 .
10 + 200 + 10 + 200
120
=
= 0,87 A.
I=
R + r 124,7 + 10
2R = 20 ; R =
987.
RR
)
R+R
3R ( R +
RR
2R + (R +
)
R
+R ;
R
=
+
R
RR
2 R( R +
)
R
+R
3R + ( R +
RR
2R + (R +
)
R+R
2 R( R +
194
2(1 + 0,5)
3(1 +
3(1 + 0,86)
2 + (1 + 0,5)
= R (1 +
= 73 ;
R 1 +
2(1 + 0,5)
3 + (1 + 0,86)
3 + (1 +
2 + (1 + 0,5)
7,3
=
= 0,1 A, .. r 0.
I=
R + r 73
988. R2 R3 , (R2 +
R3) R1 , (R2 + R3 + R1) R4
.
R=
R2 R3
+ R1 R 4
R2 + R3
19
; I = = 1,8 A.
4
R
R2 R3
+ R1 + R 4
R2 + R3
R
RC 15 10 6
=
10 = 105 .
U=
; q = UC =
R+r
R + r 5 + 10
R2
993. UC = U R2 , .. R C >> R 3 ; U R2 =
.
R1 + R 2
994.
UC = U R3 =
R3
R
R3
;
R1 R 2
+r
R3 +
R1 + R 2
q
;
C
R R
q ( R 3 + 1 2 + r ) 4,2 106 (40 + 28 28 + 3)
R
1 + R2
28 + 28
= 1197
,
B.
=
=
C R3
5 106 40
q = UC; U =
995.
UC = U r ; q = UC; U =
UC =
rr+rr
R 2 R
q
;
C
r
r
2( R + )
2
q
;
C
r
25
q 2( R + ) 110 106 2(50 + )
2
2 = 110 B.
=
=
Cr
5 106 25
195
996. R =
U
.
I
, , ,
.. R ,
R a = a , .
, , ..
R a , R = b , b .
997.
I A = I B + I R1 ;
U
R B R1
= ;
R B + R1 I
U
U
R B R1 = R B + R1 ; R 1 =
I
I
U
RB
U RB
I
=
;
U I RB U
RB
I
100 2500
= 20,16 ;
5 2500 100
U 100
= 20 ;
R1 = =
I
5
R =|R R | =|20,16 20| = 0,16 ;
0,16
= 0,008 = 0,8%.
=
20,16
R1 =
998.
RB
; Ur + U R B = R B ;
r + RB
118 50
Ur
=
= 2950 .
RB =
U 120 118
U=
999.
U = I( R + R B); U B = I R B ; I =
UB
;
RB
100
UB
( R + R B) =
(120 103 + 50 103) = 340 B.
50 103
RB
U
15 B
1000. R =
=
= 2000 .
I 7,5 10-3 A
U=
196
1001.
RB
RB
; U2 =
;
+
R1 R B
R2 + R B
U1 R1 + U1 R B = R B ; U2 R 2 + U2 R B = R B ;
70 220 20 4
U1 U2
10 = 4,67 104 .
R2 =
R1 =
20
220
70
U2
U1
U2
U
U R 80 5000
1002. R 2 =
; I = 1 ; R2 = 2 1 =
= 20000 .
20
I
R1
U1
U1 =
1003.
R RB
RB
RB + R
; U2 =
;
U1 =
RB R
RB + R + r
r+
RB + R
U1 = U2 ; R B r +
R2 R B
RB R
R 2B R
R 2B R
=
+
+r
;
RB + R RB + R
RB + R
RB + R
R2 R B
RB + R
R2
102
r=
=
=
= 0,1 .
RB R
R B 1000
RB
RB + R
1004.
;
1
I =
1 1
R1 + + + r
R1 R 2
U = I1 R 2 ;
U = I 2 R;
I = I1 + I 2 ;
1 1
R1 + + + r
R1 R 2
1
U
R2
U
;
R
1
200
1
1 1
1
160
U
R=
=
= 2000 .
R1 + r R 2
100 + 0,5 500
197
1005.
RB
; UB =
; I = ;
r + RA
r + RB
r
U ( r + R B)
;
r = RA ; = B
IA
RB
U ( r + R B)
RA ;
r= B
IA R B
UB
12
RA
2
I
A
r=
= 5
= 0,4065 ;
12
UB
1
1
5 150
IA R B
I A ( R A + r ) 5(2 + 0,4065)
=
= 29,6 A.
I = =
0,4065
r
r
IA =
1006.
R1
?
R2
U1 = 2 U2 , R ( B1, R1) = 2 R ( B2 , R 2 ) .
198
R B1 R1
R R
= 2 B 2 2 ; R 2 = R R1 ;
R B1 + R1
R B2 + R 2
R B1 R1
R ( R R1)
= 2 B2
;
R B1 + R1
R B2 + ( R R1)
R B1 R B2 R1 + R B1 R1 R R B1 R12 =
= 2 R B1 R B2 R + 2 R B2 R R1 2 R B2 R B1 R1 2 R12 R B2 ;
(2 R B2 R B1) R12 + (3 R B1 R B2 + R B1 R 2 R B2 R ) R1 2 R B1 R B2 R = 0;
(2 3000 2000) R12 +
+ (3 3000 2000 + 2000 500 2 3000 500) R1 2 2000 3000 500 = 0;
4000 R12 + 16000000 R1 6000000000 = 0;
4 R12 + 16000 R1 6000000 = 0;
R1 = 3450 ; R 2 = 500 345 = 155 ;
R1 345
=
= 2,35.
R 2 155
30
U
= 3000 ;
RB = =
I 0,01
1007.
150
U RB
U RB
;R =
RB =
3000 3000 = 12000 .
UB =
30
RB + R
UB
1008.
I A R A = I B R ; I A + I R = I; I R = I I A ;
I A R A = (I I A ) R; I A ( R A + R ) = IR;
IR
0,27 0,0111
=
= 0,027 A.
IA =
R A + R 0,1 + 0,0111
199
I = N C = 100 1 106 = 104 A;

1009. U = I R = 104 50 = 5 103 B;
) U = 1 B:
U
1
1) = 50(
1) = 9950 .
5 103
U
50
RA
) R =
= 3
4,5.
I
10
1
1
IA
104
3
I
U
A
1010. C =
=
=
= 104
= 0,1
.

N RN 300 100
I = NC = 105 100 = 103 A;
R = R (
1011.
U = I R = 103 50 = 5 102 B.
50
R
=
= 0,0625 .
) I = 800 = 0,8 : R =
I
0,8
1
1
IA
103
U
200
) U = 200 B: R = R (
1) = 50(
1) = 200000 .
5 102
U
1012.
15 B
U1
=
= 2000 ;
I1 0,0075 A
5B
U2
=
= 0,0025 A.
I2 =
R A 2000
RA =
1013.
U = IR = 0,01 5 = 0,05 B;
U
300
1) = 5(
1) = 30000 .
R = R (
0,05
U
( R A + R 2 ) R1
1014. ) 1,2: R =
;
R A + R 2 + R1
( R A + R1) R 2
) 2,3: R =
;
R A + R 2 + R1
( R 2 + R1) R A
) 1,3: R =
;
R A + R 2 + R1
U
U = const; I = ;
R
200
I1 = C1 N; I2 = C2 N; I3 = C3 N; C3 =
I3
;
N
U( R1 + R 2 + R A )
(1)
R 3 ( R1 + R 2) R A
U
U
R 1 = ; R 2 = ;
I1
I2
( R A + R 2) R1 ( R A + R1) R 2
=
R 1 R 2 =
R A + R1 + R 2
R ( R R 2) U U
I I
= A 1
= = U 2 1.
R A + R1 + R 2 I1 I 2
I1 I 2
I3 =
, U (1) , :
U U
CC
I1 I 2 R1 R 2
II
II
C N C2 N
= 1 2 I1 I 2 = 1 2 = 1
= 1 2 N;
I3 =
I 2 I1 R1 + R 2 I 2 I1 U + U I 2 I1 C1 N + C2 N C1 + C2
I1 I 2
0,01 0,02
2
100 = 0,01 100 = 0,67 A.
I3 =
0,01 + 0,02
3
U
U
U + U2
I = 1 ;I = 1
; I =
;
+
R1
R1 R 2
R1
1015.
U
I = 2 ;I =
; I =
.
R2
R1 + R 2 + r
R1 + r
6- :
U ( R + r )
R1
R
;r = 1 ; =
2
1
U (1 + )
2 = 3 U = 3 8 B = 12 B.
1
2
2
1016. ) = I1 ( R A + R B + r ); R B =
) = I 2 (
U B 10
=
= 100 ; I1 = I A = 0,1 A.
0,1
I1
R B RA
+ r );
R B + RA
201
1B
U2 B
=
= 0,01 ;
R B 100
U2 B 1
= = 1 ;
I 2 = 1 + 0,01 = 1,01 ; R A =
I2A 1
= 0,1(1+ 100 + r),
1 100
= 1,01( 1 + 100 + r );
= 10,1 + 0,1r ,
= 1 + 1,01r.
I 2 = I 2 A + I 2 B ; I 2 A = 1 A; I 2 B =
, :
9,1 = 0,91r; r =
9,1
= 10 ; = 10,1 + 0,1 10 = 11,1 .
0,91
1017.)
I = I1 + I 2 = 2 + 3 = 5 A; R1 I1 = R 2 I 2 ;
1,5 R 2 R 2
R2 I2
R R
= 1,5 R 2 ; R 1= 1 2 =
= 0,6 R 2 ;
I1
R1 + R 2 1,5 R 2 + R 2
I=
;5 =
;
0,6 R 2 + r
R 1+ r
R1 =
I=
; R 2= R1 + R 2 = 1,5 R 2 + R 2 = 2,5 R 2 ;
R 2+ r
4=
;
2,5 R 2 + r
3 R 2 + 5r = ,
10 R 2 + 4 r = .
, :
38 R 2
=
= 5,43 A.
r
7 R2
1018. = 3 = 3 1,5 = 4,5 B; r = 3r = 3 0,05 = 0,15 .
r = 7 R 2 ; = 3 R 2 + 5 7 R 2 = 38 R 2 ; I =
1019.
r 0,05
=
= 0,01 ;
5
5
1,5
0,01 = 0,14 ;
I=
; R = r =
R + r
I
10
U = IR = 10 0,14 = 1,4 B.
= = 1,5 ; r =
202
1020. 1) = 2 = 2 1,5 = 3 B; r = 2r = 2 0,05 = 0,1;
3
r 0,05
=
= 2 A; 2) = ; r = =
= 0,025 ;
2
2
R + r 1,4 + 0,1
1,5
I=
=
1,05 A.
R + r 1,4 + 0,025
I=
1021.
r 0,05
r1 r 2
= =
= 0,025 ;
2
2
+
r1 r 2
1 2 1 + 2
;
= + =
r r1 r 2
r
( + ) r (2 + 1,8) 0,025
= 1,9 B;
= 1 2 =
0,05
r
1,9
I=
=
= 0,94 A.
R + r 2 + 0,025
r =
I1 , I 2 . :
2 1 = I 2 r I1 r = r (I 2 I1); I 2 + I1 = I;
2 1
,
I 2 I1 =
r
I 2 + I1 = I;
1,8 2
= 4; I 2 + I1 = 0,94;2 I 2 = 4,94;
0,05
I 2 = 2,47 A; I1 = 2,47 4 = 1,53 A.
I 2 I1 =
, I1 , .
1022.
; = 1 + 2 = 6 + 6 = 12 B;
R + r1 + r 2
247
R1 R 2 R 3
R=
, ;
=
= 112
R1 R 2 + R1 R 3 + R 2 R 3 2 4 + 2 7 + 4 7
12
I=
= 6 A;
1,12 + 0,5 + 0,38
U1 = 1 I r 1 = 6 6 0,5 = 3 B; U2 = 2 I r 2 = 6 6 0,38 = 3,72 B.
I=
203
1023.
1,4 + 11
,
+
= 1 2=
= 5 A;
r 1 + r 2 r1 + r 2 0,3 + 0,2
UAB = U1 = 1 I r1 = 1,4 5 0,3 = 0,1 B;
, 5 0,2 = 0,1 B;
U BA = U2 = 2 I r 2 = 11
UAB = U BA .
I=
1024.
r 0,4
r1 r 2
= =
= 0,2 ;
2
2
+
r1 r 2
1 2 1 + 2
;
= + =
r r1 r 2
r
( + ) r (1,25 + 1,5)0,2
= 1 2 =
= 1,375 B;
0,4
r
1,375
1
I=
=
= 0,135 A.
r + R 0,2 + 10
r =
1 2 = I1 r I 2 r = (I1 I 2) r;
1 2 1,25 1,5
=
= 0,625;
I1 I 2 =
r
0,4
I1 + I 2 = 0,135;2 I1 = 0,590; I1 = 0,245 A; I 2 = 0,380 A.
1025.
1 2
r r r + r
= + ; r = 1 2 ; = 1 2 2 1 ;
r r1 r 2
r1 + r 2 r
r1 r 2
6 2 + 51
r + r
= 1 2 2 1 =
= 5,67 B;
1+ 2
r1 + r 2
2 1
5,67
= 0,67 ; I =
=
= 0,53 A.
r =
1+ 2
R + r 10 + 0,67
1026.
2+2
1 + 2
;
=
r + R 0,6 + R
4 0,4
1,6
;
= 0;0,6 + R =
U1 = 1 I r 1 = 0;2
0,6 + R
2
r = r 1 + r 2 = 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6 ; I =
R = 0,2 ; U2 = 2 I r 2 = 0; 2
0,6 + R =
204
0,8
; R = 0,2.
2
4 0,2
= 0;
0,6 + R
1027.
3 6
2
1 + 2
R1 R 2
;
=
= 2 ; I =
=
R1 + R 2 3 + 6
r 1 + r 2 + R 2 + 0,4 + r1
2 r1
= 0;
U1 = 1 I r1 = 0;
2 + 0,4 + r 1
2,4 + r 1 = 2 r1 ; r 1 = 2,4 .
R=
1028.
1
1,3
1
; I1 =
= 0,1 A; I 2 = 2 =
= 0,26 A;
5
10
R1
R2
I = I1 + I 2 = 0,1 + 0,26 = 0,36 A; UAB = IR;
10 5
R R
R= 1 2 =
= 3,33 ;
R1 + R 2 10 + 5
U = 0,36 A 0,33 = 1,2 .
I1 =
1029. 1) :
1 r 2 + 2 r 1 1 + 2
=
, . . r 1 = r 2 .
2
r1 + r 2
= = 1,5 B, . . 1 = 2 ;
1,5
r 0,2
= 0,1 ; I =
=
= 5 A.
r = =
2
2
r + R 0,1 + 0,2
=
= 1 + 2 = 2 = 2 1,5 = 3 B;
r = r1 + r 2 = 2 r = 2 0,2 = 0,4 ;
3
=
= 5 A.
I=
r + R 0,4 + 0,2
,
.
2) :
I=
1,5
1
=
= 0,075 A.
r + R 0,1 + 20
I=
3
1
=
= 0,147 A.
r + R 0,4 + 20
, ,
.
1030.
n.
205

n
n
=
=
= 0,44;
r + R rn + R 2,4 n + 12
r
2) r = ; = ; I =
=
=
= 0,123;
2
,
4
r
n
r + R
+R
+ 12
n
n
2,4
0,123(
+ 12) n
2,4
n
= 0,44;
= 0,123(
+ 12);
n
2,4 n + 12
0,2952 + 1,476n = 1,056n + 5,28;(1,467 1,056) n = 5,28 0,2952; n 11,8.
1) r = rn; = n; I =
n , n = 12.
= 0,123(
2,4
+ 12) = 1,5 B.
12
12 n
12
(m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12)
m
r
r m2
;
=
12 / m
12
m
1,5m
1,5m
I=
.
=
=
=
2,4 m2
r + R r m2
0,2 m2 + 12
+R
+ 12
12
12
= m; r = m
,
I(m) m:
I ( m) =
1,5
1,5m 2 0,2 m 0,3 m2 + 12 0,6 m2
=
.
2
2
0,2 m + 12 (0,2 m2 +12) 2
(0,2 m2 +12)
I ( m) = 0;0,3 m2 + 12 0,6 m2 = 0;
0,3 m2 = 12; m2 = 40; m = 6,4.
m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, , m = 6.
: I m =
1,5 6
= 0,47 A.
0,2 62 + 12
1031.
I1 = I 2 + I 3 ; 1 = I1 r1 + I 2 R; 1 2 = I1 r1 + I 3 r 3 ;
1 = I1 r 1 + I 2 R ,
1 2 = I1 r 1 + (I1 I 2 ) r 3 ;
206
12 = I1 0,2 + I 2 3,
12 10 = I1 0,2 + I1 0,6 I 2 0,6;

I1 + 15 I 2 = 60;
I1 0,75 I 2 = 2,5;
, :
15,75 I 2 = 57,5; I 2 = 3,65 A;

I1 = 60 15 I 2 = 60 15 3,65 = 5,24 A;
I 3 = I1 I 2 = 5,24 3,65 = 1,6 A.
1032.
= N = 40 2,5 = 100 B; r = Nr = 40 0,2 = 8 ;

127 100
I = c
=
= 2,7 A.
r + R
8+2
1033.
= N; r = Nr; = 60 1,2 = 72 B; r = 60 0,02 = 1,2 ;

115 72
I =
=
= 2,5;1,2 + R = 17,2; R = 16 .
1,2 + R
r + R
1034.
I1 + I 2 = I 3;
1 = I 1 R1 + I 3 R 3 ,
2 = I 2 R 2 + I 3 R 3 .
,
, :
1 2 = I 1 R1 I 2 R 2 ;7 5 = I 1 3 I 2 1;
3 I 1 I 2 = 2; I 2 = 3 I 1 2;
1 = I 1 R1 + I 3 R3 ,
3 I 1 2 = I 3 I 1 .
:
, A; I 2 = I 3 I1 = 114
, 1,52 = 0,38 A.
I1 = 1,57 A; I 3 = 114
, I2
, .
1035. 5 , ,
5 :
207
I 1 = I 3 + I 5 ,
I 5 + I 2 = I 4 ,
I 2 R + I 4 2R = ,
I 1 R I 2 R = 0,
R 2R
I 4 = 0;
I 3
I2R
I 4 =
=
I2,
2R
2R
2
,
I1 I 2
2
,
I 2 I 5 R
;
I 3 = 2 I 4 ,
1,5
;
I
2+ I5 =
I
2R
= 2(
)+ I5,
I 2
2R
2
I
+
I I 2 = 2 R 22 ;
5
3
3
3
3,5 I 2 =
;I 2 =
;
=
2R
2 R 3,5 7 R
1
23
I 5 = ( R 2 I 2 ) = ( R 7 R ) = 7 R ;
1
I ab =| I 5 |= 7 R .
1036.
U C = U AB ;U AB = I ( R 2 + r 2 ) + 2 = ( I ( R1 + r1 ) 1 ));
42
1 2
I=
=
= 0 ,4 A;
R1 + R 2 + r1 + r 2 1 + 3 + 0,25 + 0,75
U = 0,4(3 + 0,75) + 2 = 3,5 B;
q = CU = 2 10-6 3,5 = 7 10-6 .
1037.
: i( t ) = q ( t ).
208
R
IRv
l ( t ) =
;
l
l
RvC
Rv 0 S
I=
;i =
=
=
R+r
( R + r )l ( R + r )dl
q = CU; q ( t ) = CU ( t ) = C
1,4 B 100 0,004 / 8,85 10-12 / 1 0,22

= 3,3 10-12 .
(100 + 0,5 ) 0,002 0,3
1038.
0 S
S
; C1 = 0 ;
C0 =
d
d
q
C
a
=U
I=
; t = , = S .
t
t
v
Id
2 10 11 A 0,001
=
=
v=
U 0 ( ) S 100 8,85 10 -12 / (1 2) 0,01 2
=
= 2,26 10 4 / .
1039. , , .
,
, , . , ,
Imin.
1040.
P = UI; U = rI; P = ( rI)I = I r I 2 ;

P + r I 2 8 + 0,08 42
=
= 2,32 B;
4
I
P 2 = I 2 = 2,32 6 0,08 62 = 11,04 .
1041. I =
U
;P =
R
(R+r)= U
(R+r)
(4+ 2)
= 13,5 .
1042.
P = UI ;U =
2
R
P
P P
I ;
; R = 2 ;U = ; =
P
R+r
I I
I
+r
2
I = P + r I
P
; = + rI ;
I
135
= 15 + r 15,
= 64 ,8 + r 6.
6
, :
209
9 10 ,8
135
= 0,2 ; =
+ 0 ,2 15 = 12 .
6 15
15
1043.
U 127
P = r I 2 ;r + R =
=
= 0 ,635 ;
I
200
r = (r + R ) R = 0 ,635 0 ,2 = 0 ,435
r=
P = 0,435 1002 = 17400 .

1044. I =
200
==
6 12
1 + 15 +
r + R + R1 R 2
6
+ 12
+
R1 R 2
6 12
RR
U R1 = U R 2 = I 1+ 2 = 10 6 + 12 = 40 B;
R1 R 2
2
2
= 270 .
P1 = U = 40
6
R1
1045.
R + r
P1 = P 2 ; I 1 R1 = I 2 R 2 ; I 1 = r +
2
R1
;I 2 =
= 10 A;
;
r+R
2
2
2
;
;
=
=
2 R1
2 R 2 ( r + R1 ) R 2 R1( r + R 2 )
( r + R1 )
( r + R2 )
2
r R 2 + 2r R1 R 2 + R1 R 2 R1 r 2 R1 R 2 r R1 R 2 = 0;
2
r ( R 2 R1 ) = R 2 R1( R 2 R1 ); r = R 2 R1 = 4 9 = 6
1046. P = I r I 2 ; r =
r
r
; P = I I 2 ;
n
n
5 2 2
r I 2
=
= 5 .
5 ,5 2 7
I P
1047. N.
12
R = = 3 = 4 ;
I2
n =
N = I1 R I 12 = 12 2 4 22 = 8 ; = 8 .
1048. n
R = n
210
4
.
n
R R n2 1 n 2 n2
;P =
=
=
=
4
4
4
4
n
R; I =
;
R + r
2
n4
P=
; n = 1,2 ,4; 1) n = 1; P =
n
+r )
4
2) n = 2; P =
82
22
4
22
+ 1
4
82
4 = 10,24 ;
2
1
1
+
= 16 ; 3) n = 4; P =
82
42
4
42
+ 1
4
= 10,24 .
2) .
8
22
= 1 ; I =
= 4 A;
4
1+1
P A = r I 2 = 1 42 = 16 .
R=
1049.
=
;
2 R + R 2L + R
S
2
R
R S
2 R
P=
;L =
11400 .
2
2
2L
+ R
P = R I2 ; I =
1050.
R
= 0,1; P = R I 2 ; P = R I 2 ; ,
R
R
= 0,1.
R
I=
U
P
=
; R = 10 R ;
R R + R
U
U2
P
P
=
; =
;
10 R R + 10 R 10 R 121 R 2
121 P R 2 U2 10 R = 0;121 P R U2 10 = 0;
R =
10 U2
10 7502
=
= 9,3 .
121 P 121 5 103
1051.
R
= 0,3. , 1050, :
R
211
33,3 (2103)
33,3 U2
= 112
, .
=
2
(1+ 33,3) P (1+ 33,3) 2 100 103
R S
L = ; m = LS .
R =
, .
S=
; L = 2l; l = 7500 ;
R
(2l) 2 (27500) 2 1,7 108 8,9 103
=
= 30400
m=
112
,
R
1
1
1 1
m
2 = 2 = m0 .
R U 3 9
1052.
R = 2 R =
2 l 2 1,7 10 8 2 / 50
=
= 0,01 ;
S
170 10 6
U = Ir = 40 0,04 200 = 32 B;
U = U U = U R I = 32 0,01 200 = 30 B;
40
0,04 0,01 200 2 = 6000 .

P = R I 2 = r R I 2 =
I
200
1053.
128
=
= 20 A;
300
R
0,4 +
R +
50
N
300
P = R I2 =
20 2 = 2400 ;
50
P = R I 2 = 0,4 20 2 = 160 ;
P = r I 2 = 0,1 20 2 = 40 .
I=
U
=
R + R1
1054.
l=
RS
Q U2 U 2 t
U2 St
;P = =
;l =
;
=
t
R
Q
Q = 105 ; t = 10 = 600 ; = 1,110-6 ;

l=
212
362 5 107 600

= 3,53 .
, 106 105
11
1055.
U2
U2
U2
) t;
t t = (
t Q =
R
R
R
2
2
2
U
U
U
( 1 ) t 1 = ( 2 ) t 2 = ( 3 ) t 3 ; t 3 ?
R
R
R
120 2
110 2
1200 =
1680;
R
Q = t; Q =
110 2 1680 120 2 1200 6350 X

=
= ; X = 6350;
R (1680 1200)
R
R
2
2
2
U1 X
U3 X
U1 X
120 2 6350
1200 = 2647 c = 44,17 .
t1 =
t 3; t 3 =
t1 =
R
R
R
100 2 6350
1056.
Q Q . =
Q
.
Q
Q = m(t1 t 0) + Lm ; m = 0,1m;
Q = (c( t1 t 0) + 0,1L) m;
Q = I 2 Rt; =
(4200
=
Q (c(( t1 t 0) + 0,1L) m
=
=
Q
I 2 Rt
(100o C 20o C) + 0,1 2,3 106
(4 A) 2 30 900
)0,5
= 0,65 = 65%.
Q = Pt = Lm; P = I 2 R;
1057.
I=
Lm
=
t R
2,3 106 / 0,1

19,5 .
60 10
1058. 2
2 . , 2
. ,
2 :
I 2 R 22 = 2 I1 R12 ; I 2 = 2
1059.
2
R1
R1 ( 2 d )
=
= 4; I 2 = 2 2 I1 .
I1 ;
2
R2
R2
d
P1 = UI = I r I
P 2 = P1 P 3 , 3 .
P 2 = P1 P 3 = I r I 2 R I 2 ;
=
P 2 I r I 2 R I 2 240 10 4 102 2 102

=
=
= 0,9 = 90%.
240 10 4 102
I r I 2
P1
213
, , ,
: 2(r + R)I =0;
I=
240
=
= 20 A. :
2( r + R ) 2( 4 + 2)
= 20(240 14 + 2)20)=2400 .
1060. P1 = U I 0 .
P 2 = P1 UI = U I 0 UI.
U UI I 0 I 15 6
= P2 = I 0
=
=
= 0,4 = 40%.
U I0
15
P1
I0
1061. 1 2, ..
X
. P1 = P 2 ; P 2 = F T ; F T v = Nv = mgv;
t
mgv 11000 9,8 0 ,02 10
= 50 A.
P1 = P = UI ; mgv = UI ; I = U =
550 0 ,8
1062. P1 = U I . P2 =
P2 mgX 1000 9,8 19

=
=
= 0,5 = 50%.
380 20 50
UIt
P1
1063.
P
Q V B c B ( t 1 t 0)
;P = =
;
t
t
l
U2
U2 S
U2 St
; R = ;l =
=
=
R
S
V B c B ( t1 t 0)
F X mgX
.
=
t
t
(200 B ) 2 0,84 106 2 600 0,8

= 60 .
4 107 2 10-3 3 1000 / 3 4200
1064. Q1 = m(c( t1 t 0) + L), .
U2 t
c( t 1 t 0)
Q
RV
U2
;
Q = Pt =
t; Q = 1 ; m = V; =
R
L
(220 B) 2 1200 c 0,8

4200
-3
3
3
160 0,5 10 1000 /
C
=
0,1;
2,3 106
V = V = 0,1 0,5 = 0,05 .

214
1065.
R2
P
R I2
R 2 R 2 + r
=
=
=
= 2;
; =
R1
P R I 2 + r I 2 R + r 1
R1 + r
2 R 2 R1 R 2 R1
10,5 3
R 2 R1
=
=
= 7 .
2 R1 R 2 + r = R 2 R1 + r ; r =
2
2
10
,5 2 3
R2
R1
R2
R1
1066. Q , Q1 , Q2 .
Q1 Q Q2 P P 2 UI I 2 R 120 15 152 1
=
=
=
=
= 0,875 = 87,5%;
Q
Q
P
UI
120 15
P = UI = 120 15 = 1800 .
1067.
R1 ; P 2 =
R 2 ; P1 = P 2 ;
( R1 + r ) 2
( R2 + r )2
R1
R2
=
; ( + r ) 2 = R 2 ( R1 + r ) 2 ;
2
2 R1 R 2
( R1 + r )
( R2 + r )
P1 = R1 I 2 =
R1 R 22 + 2 R1 R 2 r + R1 r 2 R 2 R12 2 R1 R 2 r R 2 r 2 = 0;
R1 R 2 ( R 2 R1)
= R1 R 2 ; r = R1 R 2 = 12 3 = 6 ;
r2 =
R 2 R1
R
R I2
3
=
=
; 1 =
= 0,33 = 33%;
2
2
R+r
RI + rI
3+ 6
12
= 0,67 = 67%.
2 =
12 + 6
1068. ) ; ) ; ) .
1069. ) ; ) ; ) ;
1070. .
1071. ) . ) .
) , .
1072. M = nBIS=1000,040,06101,2 = 2,88 .
1073. M = nBIS; max = 200 0,1 0,05 2 = 0,1 .
1074. P = Bs cos ; ) = 0,5 0,0025 = 0,00125 ;
) = 0,00125 0,5 = 0,000625 .
1075. = Bs cos ; 1) = 0,25 0,6 1,5
2
= 0,16 . 2) = 0.
2
1076. = Bs cos ; ) 0,002 ; ) 0,0014 ; ) 0,001 .

1077. = Bs; 0,003 = 0,006 ; = 0,05 .
1078. 1) ? : . 2) ? :
. 3) ? : . 4) ?
215
: . 5) ? : . 6) ?
: . 7) ? : . 8)
? : , .
1079. F = Ibl. F = 0,01 50 0,1 = 0,05 .
1080. F = Ibl. F = 0,01 5 1 = 0,05 .
1081. F = Ibl = 126000 .
1082. F = Ibl sin ; sin =
F
0,05
=
= 0,5; = 30.
IBl 2 0,5 0,1
F
0,15
=
= 15 .
Bl 0,5 0,02
F
1
1084. B = =
= 0,25 .
Il 20 0,2
1083. I =
1085. F = Ibl sin ; Fmax = 10 0,6 1,5 = 9 ; Fmin = 0.

1086. F =
I20
.
4 d 2
1087. A = FS = IBlS = 0,08 50 0,02 0,1 = 0,008 .

1088. F = Ibl = mg; B =
mg 0,004 10
=
= 0,02 .
10 0,2
Il
I20
0 P2
P
.
I
;
F
.
=
=
4 d 2
4 U2 d 2
U
mg = T cos ; IBl = T sin ;
1090. IBl
mgtg
= tg; B =
.
mg
Il
2 FMAX mg
1091. I =
.
Bl
1089. F =
1092.
m = 250 = 0,25 ; l = 10 = 0,1 ; = 30; = 0,5 ; Imin ? ?
216
1093.
q enbavt
=
= enbav.
t
t
I
I
BI
v=
=
; = Bbv = Bb
;
ebna
enba ena
BI Ie I E1
BIab
BI
= ;
=
=
;
.
E2 = =
b enab abe ab E 2 enabI enI
env = q; I =
1094. ) ; ) ; ) .
1095. .
) ; ) .
1096. , ,
, .
1097. F = qvB = 1,6 1019 3 106 0,1 = 4,8 1014 H.
F = evB = 5 103 1 107 1,6 1019 = 8 1015 H;

mv 9,1 1031 107
=
= 5,7 104 .
qB 1,6 1019 0,1
mv 9,1 1031 107
v2
1099. qvB = m ; B =
=
= 0,005 .
R
Rq 0,01 1,6 1019
RqB 0,1 1,6 1019 0,01
1100. v =
=
= 10000 / .
1,6 1027
m
mv 1,6 1027 3 107
1001. R =
=
= 0,2 .
1,6 1019 1,5
qB
1098.
R=
1102. R =
mv
RqB 2 R
2 m 2 3,14 9,1 1031
;v =
;T =
=
=
= 9 109 c.
1,6 1019 0,004
m
T
qB
qB
1103. ) v1 = v2 ;
)
E1 = E 2 = E ;
2E
;
m
v=
R1 =
R2
R1 m1 v q 2 B m1 q 2
;
=
=
R 2 q1 B m2 v m2 q1
R1 = m1v1 q 2 B ; E = mv 2 ;
2
R 2 q1 B m2 v 2
m1 q 2 .
m2 q1
1104.
W = eU =
m=
m v2
;v =
2
2 2
Re B
2eU
2eU
RqB Re B m
Re B
;m =
; m=
;
=
m
v
2eU
2eU
R eB
2U
( 110 2 )
1,6 1019 ( 5103 )

2 220
= 9,1 1031
217
1105.
eU =
m v2
;v =
2
2eU
mv m 2eU
;R =
=
=
m
qB
meB
2 mU 1
=
e B
2 1,6 1027 600 1
= 0,01 .
1,6 1019
0,3
E 1000
1106. qvB = qE; v =
=
= 1000000 / .
B 0,001
=
1107. W0 =
m v2
;v =
2
) F = eBv = eB
2E
.
m
2 W0
.
m
mv m 2 W0
=
=
qB
meB
2m
T=
.
eB
) R =
2 m W0
.
eB
1109. ) ; ) .
1110. 1) ? : .
2) ? : .
3) ? : .
4) ? : .
5) ? : .
6) .
7) , ? : , .
1111. ) ; ) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
1112. ) ; ) ; ) .
1113. ,
.
1114. ,
, .
1115. ; ,
; ,
( ).
1116. ) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
1117. ) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
1118. .
LI
=
= RI = 2 102 5 = 0,1 B.
t
t
0,06
1120. =
=
= 0,2 B , = k t.
t
0,3
1119. =
218
n 4 500
=
= 400 .
t
5

= = 0,06 / .
t
n
0,6
1,2
t =
=
= 0,5 c;I = =
= 5 A.
R 0,24
1,2
0,4 2 104
=
=
= 0,0016 B.
0,05
t
50 103 0,01
t
B=
=
= 0,1 .
0,01 0,5
S cos
1121. =
1122.
1123.
1124.
1125.
1126. = 0,001 .
1127. =
= 0,000001 .
t
1128.
max = 400 .
1129.
1130. q = CU = C = C
= 10 106 5 100 10-4 = 5 107 .

t
1131.
2 BnS 2 1 1000 5 104
q
; = 2 BnS; q =
=
= RI = R
=
= 0,0001 .
R
10000
t
t
1132. = vBl = 0,1 2 5 = 1 .
219
1133. = vBl sin = 0,25 8 10-3 5 0,5= 0,005 .
1,44
=
= 0,13 .
vl 1,8 6
12
1135. v =
=
= 5,8 / .
Bl sin 0,2 15
1134. = vBl; B =
1136. ) 0,5 ; ) 0,3 ; ) 0,8 .

10 /.
1137. 900 / = 250 /.
= vBl = 250 12 50 106 = 0,15 B.

vBl 16,7 50 106 1,2
1138. 60 / 16,7 /.; I =
=
= 105 A.
100
R
vBl
1139. I =
.
R
2
v B2 l2 10 (51030,5)
v2 B2 l2
1140. I = Fv;
= Fv; R =
=
= 0,625 .
R
F
104
v B2 l2
1141. F =
.
R
v B2 l2
v B2 l2
1142. mg =
;R =
.
R
mg
1143. .
1144.
, .
1145. .
12 103
=
= 2 103
I
6
n 150 20
1147. L =
=
= 0,4 ; .
I
7,5
1146. L =
1148. = LI = 0,01 .
1149. L =
n
= 0,125
I
1150.
I
=L .
t
t
5
= 200 103 100 = 20 B; = 0,4 0,02 = 100 B.
=
1151. LI = nBS; B =
220
LI 0,4 103 0,5

=
= 0,002 .
nS
100 104
1152. LI = nBS; I =
1153. = L
nBS 1000 1 103 20 104

=
= 0,1 A.
L
0,02
I
; L = 0,0025
t
1154. L = 2,5 ; L = 0,6 .

1155. = L
I I
= = 800 A / c.
;
t t L
1156. 14,4 .
1157. = 120 ; 4 .
1158. I =
2E
= 2 A.
L
1159. E =
L I2
0,5
0,05 100
;L = =
; =
= 0,05 E
= 2,5 .
I
2
10
2
1160.
2( E1 E 2)
22
L (I 2 I1) 2
=
= 0,25
;L =
2
2
(I 2 I1)
(8 12) 2
L I12 0,25 144
L 2 0,25 64
=
= 18 ; E 2 = I 2 =
= 8 .
E1 =
2
2
2
2
E = E1 E 2 =
1161. 2 .
1162. L =
2E
I2
= 0,12
1163. = 110-9 .
1164. .
1165. , ..
.
1166. .
1167. =
B
B0
0,75
= 20.
0,0375
1168. = 0,4.
1169. 0,64 .
1170. = 10010-40,710-3 = 0,000007 .
1171.
221
1
; R1 > R 0 , tg < tg 0 ; R1 < R 0 , tg > tg 0 .
R
q
q It 3,2 105 109
1172. I =
; q = It; N =
=
=
= 2 105 .
e
e
1,6 1019
t
It
N
It
; n = ; N = nV; V = Sx; x = vt; nSvt =
;
N=
e
V
e
1173.
10
I
v=
=
= 2,5 104 / .
19
enS 1,6 10 5 1028 5 106
I
N
m
1174. v =
; n = ; N = NA ,
V
enS
tg =
I
N
=
m = V; n = A ; v =
N A eS
NA
50 A 0,064 /
= 1,5 104 / .
6,02 -1 8,9 103 / 3 1,6 1019 2,5 10-5 /
1175.
d2
4I
I
=
;S =
;v =
4
N A eS
N A e d 2
4 100 A 0,64 /
=
= 6 104 / .
6,02 1023 1 8,9 103 / 3 1,6 1019 (0,004 ) 2 3,14
v=
1176. 1175.
2,7 103 / 3 064 /

v
=
=
= 0,72;
v 8,9 103 / 3 0,027 /
1
v
=
= 1,39.
v 0,72
222
1177.
R
A A
= ; A = F(r )dr; F = me a; a = 4 2 2 r;
q
e
0
A=
4 2 2 me R 2
2 2 2 me R 2
= 2 2 2 me R 2 ; =
;
2
e
e
2 me
=
R
106 B 1,6 10-19

2 9,1 1031
380 .
3,14 0,25
1178. .
,
, , ,
, ..
, , , .
1179.
o
R = R 0 (1 + ( t t 0)) = 0,005 (1 + 4,3 10-3 C1 (80o C 20o C) = 0,0067 .
1180.
R = R 0 (1 + ( t t 0));
R=
2202
U2
U2
; R0 =
=
= 76 .
P
P(1 + ( t t 0)) 60(1 + 4,8 103 (2000 20))
1181.
U
; R = R 0 (1 + ( t t 0));
I
U
220
1
1
I
0,68 36
+ 20 = 175 0o C.
+ t0 =
t = R0
4,6 103
R=
1182. ,
.
1183. , ,
, .
1184. ) . ) .
) , .. m I U.
) .
) , .. , , ,
.
) , .. .
) , .. .
) , .. , ,
, .
1185. 1) , .. m = kIt, IA = IB = I.
2) mA > mB, .. IA > IA ( , UA = UB, RA < RB).
223
1186. v =
I
1,0 A
=
= 1,25 107 .
-19
enS 1,6 10 1028 -3 0,005 2
1187. t = 10 = 3,6104 3,6104 ; I = 1 A; k = 0,093106 /; m ?

m = Ikt = 10,0931063,6104 = 3,3103 .
1188. I = 1,8 A; t = 5 = 1,8104 ; N =12;
2
2
3
S0 = 50 = 5 103 ; = 1,05 104 / ;
k = 1,118106 /; ?
m = kIt; m = N S0 H; H =
kIt
1,118 106 1,8 1,8 104
5,7 105 .
=
1,05 104 12 5 103
N S0
1189. Q = 7348 ; m = 5 = 5103 ; = 66 / = 6,6102 /;

F?
m=
X
X
X
6,6 102
7348 9,7 104 /.
It; F = It = Q =
F
m
m
5 103
1190. m = 5 = 5103 ; = 66 / = 6,6102 /; F ?
X
X
X
6,6 102
It; F = It = q =
7348 9,7 104 /;
m
m
F
5 103
m
5 103
7,4 103 .
=
m = kIt; t =
kI 0,34 106 2
m=
1191. Q = 9,65107 ;
m1 ? m2 ? m3 ?
m1- (III), m2 - (II), m3 - .
m1 =
7
2
A Fe Q = 5,6 10 9,65 10 18,7 ;
4
3F
3 9,65 10
m2 =
7
2
A Fe Q 5,6 10 9,65 10
=
28 ;
2F
2 9,65 104
m3 =
7
2
A Cl Q 3,55 10 9,65 10
=
35,5 .
F
9,65 104
1192. V = 250 3; = 27 = 300 ; = 2 = 2105 ;

k = 108 /; q ?
pV =
MpV 2 103 2 105 250

m
4 109 .
=
RT; m =
8
kRT
M
10 8,31 300
1193. t = 10 = 6102 ; m = 0,67 = 6,7104 ;

k = 1,118106 /; I0 = 0,90 .
m = kIt; I =
m
6,7 104
1 . I I 0 .
=
kt 1118
106 6 102
,
224
225
1194. I0 = 1,5 A; t = 10 = 600 ; m = 0,316 = 3,16104 ;

k = 0,33106 /; I ? m = kIt; I =
m
3,16 104
=
1,6 A.
kT 0,33 106 6 102
I = I I0 = 1,6 1,5 = 0,1 A.

1195. R = 30 ; t = 5 = 300 ;
m = 55,6 = 5,56105 ; U0 = 6 B; U ?
I=
m
5,56 105
1165
=
,
A;
kT 1118
106 300
,
U = RI = 30 0,165 = 4,95 ;
U = U U0 = 4,95 6 = 1,05 B.
1196. = 10 = 3,6107 ; m = 1 ; k = 3107 /; U ?
E = UIt; m = Ikt; E = U
m
kE 3 107 3,6 107
; U=
=
= 10,8 B.
1
m
k
1197. P = 37 ; t = 50 = 3103 ; m = 0,3 = 3104 ;

k = 108 /; R ?; P = UI;
2
2
8 3 3
U
P
m
kt
10 = 0 ,37 .
= 2 ; I = ; R = P = 37 10
R=
3 4
I
kt
m
I
10
1198. = 5 = 1,8107 ; U = 10 B; = 75% = 0,75;

k = 3,3107 /; m ?
E = UIt; I =
E
E 0,75 3,3 107 1,8 107
; m = kIt = k =
0,44 .
Ut
10
U
1199. ,
.
1200. : ,
.
1201. ,
.
1202. .
1203. ,
- .
, .
1204. - .
1205. ,
.
1206. , .
1207. .
1208. U = 6 = 6103 ; = 3 / = 3106 /; d ?
U = Ed; d =
U 6 103
=
= 2 103 .
E 3 106
1209. v = 1,83106 /; = 2,181018 ; U ?
225
mv 2
+ eU ;
2
E=
2
31
12
1
1
mv 2
2 ,18 1018 9 ,1 10 1,83 10 4 ,1 B.
U = E
=
2 1,6 109
2
e
9 1
3
15 1 3
2
2 2
1210. n = 10 c / = 10 c / ; S = 100 = 10 ;
d = 5 = 5102 ; I ?
I=
q
= nSde = 1015 102 5 102 1,6 1019 = 8 108 A.
t
1211. I = 2107 = 21010 ; S = 1 2 = 102 2;

d = 5 = 5103 ; n ?
2 1010
I
= 2
= 2,5 1013 c1/3.
Sde 10 5 103 1,6 1019
1212. S = 100 2 = 102 2 I = 1010 A; n = 12,5 106 c1/3
n=
= 1,25 1013 c1/3 ;d ?
d=
I
1010
=
= 5 103 .
nSl 1,25 1013 102 1,6 1019
1213. W = 2,41018 ; = 5 = 5106 ; ? v ?
E=
W=
2,4 1018
W
=
= 3106 B / c;
e 1,6 1019 5 106
mv2
; v=
2
2W
=
m
2 2,4 1018
9,1 1031
2,3 106 /.
1214. d = 10 = 0,1 ; U = 600 B; W = 1,71018 ; ?
W=e
U
dW 0,1 1,7 1018
; =
=
1,8 103 .
d
eU 1,6 1019 600
1215. R = 1 = 103 ; = 8 = 8109 ;

d = 3 = 3103 ; n = 104 c1 c3 = 1010 c1 3; U ?
C=
Cd
S 0
; S=
;
d
0
2
9 106
I = nSde = nC d e = = 1010 8 109
1,6 1019 1,3 1011 A;
8,85 1012
0
U = IR = 1,3 1011 103 = 1,3 108 B.

1216. R.
1217. - ,
, .
,
226
.
: ,
, .
1218. I(T3) , I (T2)
, I (T1) .
- .
1219. a, ,
; .
1220. .
,
.
1221. l = 240 ; N = 1011; c = 3108 /; I ?
I=
q Ne Nec 1011 1,6 1019 3 108

=
=
=
= 2 102 A.
l
240
t
l
c
1222. A = 6,91019 ; v ?
2
mv = A; v =
2
2A
=
m
2 6,9 1019
9,1 1031
1,2310 /.
1223. = 100 = 1,61017 ; v ?
m v2
= E; v =
2
2E
=
m
2 1,6 1017
9,1 10
31
6106 /.
1224. v = 8 / = 8106 /; U ?
eU =
2
9,1 1031 64 1012
mv2
; U = mv =
= 182 B.
2
2e
2 1,6 1019
1225. .
1226. I = 50 = 5102 ; n ?
n=
5 102
I
17
=
3,110 1/c.
e 1,6 1019
1227. 44 50 .
, , , D, .
1228. U = 16 = 1,6104 ; l = 30 c = 0,3 ; t ?

2
eU = mv ; v =
2
t=
2lU
;
m
9,1 1031
l
m
=l
= 0,3
4 109 c.
v
2eU
2 1,6 1019 1,6 104
1229. Sx = 0,2 /; S = 0,28 /; l = 50 ;

Ux ? Uy ?
227
l = Sy U y ; U y =
l
Sy
50
l
50
179 B; l = Sx U y ; U x =
=
250 B.
0,28
Sx 0,2
1230. EK = 8 = 1,281015 ; = 4 = 0,04 ;

l = 2 = 0,02 ; = 0,8 = 0,008 ; U ?
vx =
x
2EK
;t =
=
m
vx
4lyE K
m
2EK
Uex2
4lE K
4 1,28 1015 0,02 0,008
= 3,2 103 B.
4
1,610
ex
1610
1231. U = 5 = 5103 ; = 5 = 0,05 ;
= 40 / = 4103 /; ?
2
m
x
l
lU = mv x ; t =
=x
; ma = El; a = E ;
2
2lU
m
vx
U=
19
2
4
1 l
1 E
1
m
y = at = E x2
= x2 = 410 3 25104 = 0,005 = 5 .
2
2 m 2lU 4 U
2 5 10
1232. .
1233. .
1234.
, ;
, .
1235. .
1236.) ; ) .
1237. s V, In III.
8 , Ge Si. , In
As Ge, Si.
, .
1238. ,
. ,
, .
1239. ne = 31019 3; = 5400 /3;
= 0,073 / = 7,3102 /; N e ?
Na
N e = ne ;
N
na = A , NA .
N a na
19
10
N e = ne = 310 7,310
6,810 .
23
5400
N
a
Na
610
1240. ne = 1014 3= 1020 3; = 5400 /3;
n
= 0,073 / = 7,3102 /; e ?
na
228
ne ne 1020 7,3 102

=
=
= 2,3 109 .
na = N A ;
na N a 61023 5,4103
n
1241. e = 2 108 % = 2 1010 ;
na
= 2,3 103 /3 ; = 2,8 102 /; ne ?
na =
3
n N
6 1023 2,3 10
N A ne ne
1019 3.
; =
; ne = e A = 2 1010
na N A
na
2,8 102
1242. n = 51016 3 = 51022 3; mAl ?
mSi
mSi = VSi ; mAl = nV
Al
NA
22
2
5
mAl = n Al = 510 2,7 10
9,7 107 9,710 %.
23
3
2
3
10
mSi
610
Si N A
1243. R = 1 = 103 ; U = 20 B; I1 = 5 = 5103 ;
U = I1 ( R + R1);
I2 = 10 = 102 ; R 2 ? ;
R1
U = I 2 ( R + R 2 );
U
20
R
3
R1 = R;
2 10
1
I1
R
I
10
2
2
;
=
=
= 0,33.
U
20
U
3
3
R = R; R1
R
3 10
2 I 2
I1
510
1244. U = 18 B; I1 = 10 = 102 ; I2 = 5 = 5103 ;
I3 = 2 = 2103 ; 1 ? 2 ? 3 ? Imax ?
I max =
I max =
U
R min
18
; R min = 1,5 = 1,5103 ;

3
1,510
= 1,2 102 A.
Rmin
R1 =
R2 =
R3 =
U
I1
U
I2
U
I3
=
=
18
2
10
18
= 1800 = 1,8 ; 1 85;
5 103
18
2 10
= 3600 = 3,6 ; 2 70;
= 9000 = 9 ; 3 25.
229
1245. R1 = 25 ; R = 5 ; R 2 ?
R1
U = I( R + R1);
1
; R + R1 = 4; R 2 = ( R1 3R );
4
U
I
=
(
);
4
R + R1
R + R2
R1 = 4 R1 = 4 25 = 10.
25 3 5
R 2 R1 3R
1246. , I ~ U, . .
. R ,
, .. I U
II.
U
R II
1
3
= I =
0 ,3 3
U
3
RI
I
1247. II , I. I
, II .
1248. ,
.
.
1249. , ;
,
.
1250. .
1251. .
1252.
1253. 1 =
1254. =
1
1
;
d
C
1
LC
; 2 =
d . , .
1
L
3C
3
= 1 . ; .
L
3C
3
1255. L = 2,5 = 2,5103 ; = 1,5 = 1,5106 ; ?
T = 2 LC = 2 3,14 2,5 103 1,5 106 = 3,8 105 .

1256. = 10 = 104 ; = 0,1 = 107 ; L ?
1
1
1
;L =
=
=
2,5 103 .
2
2
2
4 C 4 3,14 108 107
2 LC
230
1257. = 2 = 2106 ; = 103 ; L ?
T = 2 LC ; L =
106
T2
=
= 1,15 102 .
2C
4 3,142 2 106
4
1258. L = 5,1 = 5,1106 ; = 10 = 107 ; ?
2 LC
;C =
2 2L
1
4 3,14 1014 5,1 106
2
5 1011 .
1259. = 7; d = 8102 ; = 5103 ; L = 0,02 ; ?
0 S 0 d 2
1
1
=
=
; =
4
2 LC 2
C=
1
d2
L 0
4
1
1
5 103
1,4 105 .
2
d 0 L 3,14 8 10
7 8,85 1012 3,14 0,02
1260. L = 0,003 ; r = 1,2 = 0,012 ; = 0,3 = 0,0003 ; = 4;

1, 2 ?
S = r 2 ; C1 =
0 L
0 S 0 r 2
=
=
; T1 = 2 LC = 2 r
= 3,14 1,2 102
C2 =
3,14 8,85 1012 3 103

1,12 106 ;
3 104
0 S
= C1 ; T2 = 2 L C2 = 2 C1 L = T1 =
= 1,26 106 = 2,52 106 .

1261. L = 30 = 3105 ; S = 0,01 2; = 0,1 = 104 ;
= 400 = 4105 ; ?
C=
1
1
0 S
;=
=
2 LC 2
104
=
6.
4 2 0 SL 2 4 3,14 8,85 1012 0,01 3 105
0 SL
1262. 1 = 400 ; 2 = 500 ; L = 16 = 1,6102 ; 1 ? 2 ?
1 =
1
2 L C1
; C1 =
, C2 =
1
1
=
= 105 .
4 2 12 L 4 3,142 4002 1,6 102
1
4 2 22 L
1
4 3,14 5002 1,6 102
2
= 6,3 106 .
1263. 1 = 400 ; 2 = 500 ; = 10 = 105 ;L1 ? L2 ?
1 =
1
2 CL1
; L1 =
1
4 2 12 C
1
4 3,14 4002 105
2
= 1,56 102 .
231
, L2 =
1
4 2 22 C
1
4 3,14 5002 105
2
= 102 .
1264. L = 4 ; = 1 = 106 ; q = 100 = 104 ;

q(t) ? i(t) ? U(t) ?
0 =
1
LC
1
2 10
= 500 1; q ( t ) = q 0 cos 0 t = 104 cos 500t;
i( t ) = q ( t ) = q 0 0 sin 0 t = 5 102 sin 500t;

U( t ) =
q(t) q0
=
cos 0 t = 100 cos 500t.
C
C
1265. q = 2106 cos(104t); qo ? T ? ? u(t) ? i(t) ? ?
= 5 103 ; T = = 0,2 103 ;
2
4
i( t ) = q ( t ) = q 0 sin t = 2 10 sin 10 t;
q0 = 2106 ; = 104 1; =
u( t ) =
q(t) q0
2 106
=
cos t =
cos 104 t ,
C
C
C
.
1266. = 1 = 106 ; U = 100 cos500t; U0 ? T ? ? ?
q0 ? L ? L0 ? q(t) ? i(t) ?
U0 = 100 B; = 500 c1; =
1
250
; T = =
;
=
250
2
q0 = U0 = 100106 = 104 ;
;L =
LC
500 106
q(t) = q 0 cos t = 104 cos 500t;
2C
= 4 ;
i( t ) = q ( t ) = q 0 sin t = 5 102 sin 500t; i0 = 5 102 .
1267. L = 10 = 102 ; i = 0,01sin(104 t);
i0 ? T ? ? ? u0 ? C ? q ( t ) ? u( t ) ?
= 5 103 ;
i0 = 0,01 A; = 104 1/ c; =
2
1
T = = 2 104 c; i(t) = i0 sin t;
i0
106
106
cost =
cos 104 t; q 0 =
;
q
10
1
1
106
10 7 .; u0 = 0 =
;
=
2 LC = 1; C = 2 =
2
C 107
L ( 104 ) 10 2
q ( t ) = i( t )dt =
232
u = u0 cos t =
10
cos(104 t ).
1268. L = 5 = 5106 ; = 1330 = 1,33109 ;
U0 = 1,2 B; N = 28; I 0 ? 0 ?
C
1,33 109
LI20 CU20
; I 0 = U0
=
= 1,2
0,02 ;
2
2
L
5 106
0 =
L I0 5 106 2 106
=
3,6 109 .
N
28
1269. = 25 = 2,5108 ; L = 1,015 ;

q0 = 2,5 = 2,5106 ;U(t) ? I(t) ?
1
1
=
=
6 ,28 103 2 103 ;
LC
2 ,5 108 0 ,015
q ( t ) = q 0 cos t = 2,5 106 cos 2 103 t;

U( t ) =
q(t) q0
2,5 106
=
cos t =
cos 2 103 t = 100 cos 2 103 t;
C
C
2,5 108
I( t ) = q ( t ) = q 0 sin t = 2 103 2,5 106 sin 2 103 t =

= 5 103 sin 2 103 t 1,57 102 sin 2 103 t.
2
T=
= 103 ;
2
T
103
U = 100 cos 2 103
= 100 cos = 100
71 ;
8
8
4
2

T
103
U = 100 cos 2 103
= 100 cos = 0;
4
2
4
T
103
U = 100 cos 2 103
= 100 cos = 100 ;
2
2
2
T
103
I = 1,57 10 2 sin 2 103
= 1,57 10 2
1,1 10- 2 ;
8
8
2

T
103
= 1,57 10 2 ;
I = 1,57 10 2 sin 2 103
4
4
T
103
I = 1,57 10 2 sin 2 103
= 0.
2
2
1270. C = 10 = 1011 ; U = 100 B; E ? E ?
233
C U2 1011 1002
=
= 5 108 .
2
2
: E = E = 5 108 .
1271. = 10 = 105; U0 = 400 B; Q - ?
E =
E1 =
CU20
2
C
; E2 =
( )
U0
2
2
CU20
;
8
1
3CU20 3 105 4002
CU20
(1 ) =
=
= 0,6 .
8
2
4
8
1272. L = 0,2 ; I0 = 40 = 4 10-2 ; E ? E ?
Q = E1 E 2 =
L
E =
()
I0
2
2
LI20 0,2 16 104

=
= 4 105 ;
8
8
1
LI20
LI 2
3LI20 3 0,2 16 104
E = 0 (1 ) =
=
= 1,2 104 .
2
2
4
8
8
2
1273. i = i0 sin t; T =
.
1
Li20
2
Li2
Li2 T
2
; i = i 0
; E =
= 0;
E0 =
2 8
2
2
4
E =
E = E0 E =
Li20 E
;
= 1.
4 E
1274. q = 106 ; = 0,01 = 108 ; Q ?
q2
1012
=
= 5 105 .
2C 2 108
1275. L = 28 = 2,8105 ; R = 1 ; = 2222 = 2,222109 ;
U0 = 5 B; P ?
Q = E0 =
P = I2 R =
P=
U20
I20 R
2
; q 0 = U0 C; I0 =
q0
LC
= U0
C
;
L
25 2,222 10
C
R=
1 = 103 .
2 L
2 2,8 105
1276. C1 = 106 ; 1 = 400 ; 2 = 100 ; 2 ?

.
234
2 1 =
2 2 =
;L =
LC1
1
1
4 C1 12
L(C1 + C2)
2 1
;
C1 + C2
C1
2 = 1
2
4002
C1
; C2 = C1 12 1 = 106
1 = 15 106 .
1002
C1 + C2
2
1277. S = 400 2 = 4102 2; N = 100; B = 102 ; = 0,1 ; 0 ?
= NBS cos t = NBS cos 2
= ( t ) = NBS
0 = NBS
t
;
T
2
t
t
sin 2 ; = 0 sin 2 ;
T
T
T
2
2 3,14
= 100 102 4 102
2,5 .
0,2
T
1278. = 50 ; S = 100 2 = = 102 2; = 0,3 ;
1 = 0o ; 2 = 30o ; 1 ( t ) ? 2 ( t ) ? 0 ?
= BS cos ; =
+ 1 ; = + 2 ;
2
2
1 ( t ) = BS cos(2 t + ) = BS sin 2 t;
2

2 ( t ) = BS cos( 2 t + + ) = BS sin( 2 t + );
2 6
6
2
3
1 ( t ) = 0,2 10 sin( 2 50 t ) = 2 10 sin 100t;
2 ( t ) = 0,2 102 sin( 2 50 t + ) = 2 103 (sin 100t + );

6
6
0 = 2 BS = 2 3,14 50 0,2 102 = 0,628 .
1279. N = 200; S = 300 c2 = 3102 2; = 1,5102 ;
o
t 0 = 0,01 C; 0 = 7,2 B; ( t 0) ?
NSB
= NSB; 0 = NBS; =
;
0
( t ) = 0 sin t = 0 sin
( t 0) = 0 sin
0
NBS
t;
7,2
0
0,01 5 .
t 0 = 7,2 sin
NBS
200 1,5 102 3 102
235
1280. = 10 / = 10 ;
0 = 3 B; 0 ?
0 = 2 0 ; 0 =
3
0
=
= 4,8 102 .
2 2 3,14 10
1281. S = 300 2 = 2102 2; N = 200; = 1,5102 ; 0 = 14,4 ; ?

2
2 NBS 2 3,14 200 3 102 1,5 102
;T =
=
4 102 .
0 = 0 = NBS
T
14,4
0
1282. U = 308 cos314t (B); U0 ? T ? ? ?
U(0,005 c) ? U(0,01 c) ?
U0 = 308 B; = 314 c1;
314
1
=
= 50 ; T = = 2 102 ;
2 6,26
U(0,005 c) = 308cos(314 0,005) 0;

U(0,01 c) = 308cos(314 0,01) 1 B.
=
1283. a) I0 = 0,5 A; ) = 0,04 ; ) =
1
= 25 ; = 2 = 50 1;
T
) i = 0,5 cos50t (A).

1284. a) U0 = 178 B; ) = 0,01 ; ) =
1
= 100 ; = 2 = 200 1;
T
) U = U0cos 200t (B).

1285. U = 60 sin(314t + 0,25); i = 15 sin 314t; t = 1,2102 ;
? U(t) ? i(t) ?
= 0,25; U(t) = 46,1 B; i(t) = 8,8 A.
1286.
. ,
; .
1287.
220 2 311 , 250 . ,
.
1288. = 120 sin 628t ? ?
2 6,28
=
= 102 .
628 628
1289. i = 8,5 sin(314t + 0,651) A; e ? ? ?
i(0,08 c) ? i(0,042 c) ?
e =
i =
120
2
8,5
2
86 ; =
6 ; = 0,651; =
314
50 ;
2
i(0,08 c) 5,1 ; i(0,042 c) 8,1 .

1290. = 50 ; i = 2 ; = 0; i(t) ? t0 ? e0 ?
i0 =
236
2 i = 2,82 A; i = i0 cos 2t = 2,82 cos 100t A.
1
i0
; cos 100t =
.
2 2
2 2
1
1
1,21 + 2 n
(arccos
+ 2 n) =
;
t0 =
100
100
2 2
i(t) = i/2=
1,21 + 2 n
1
1
( arccos
.
+ 2 n) =
100
100
2 2
1291. N = 45; B= 0,032 ; S = 360 c2 = 3,6102 2;
= 420 / = 7 ; ?
t0 =
0 = NBS 2 ;
2 NBS 2 3,14 7 3,6 102 0,032
= 0 =
=
1,7 .
1,41
2
2
1292.
I0 ,0 t < 8 ;
0, T t < T ;
8
2
I=
T
I0 , t < 5T ;
2
8
5T
0,
t < T.
8
I ?
Q = I20 R
T 2 T 2 T
I
+I R
= I0 R
= (I)2RT; I = 0 .
8 0
8
4
2
1293. .. 127
180 B > 150 B, .
2 180 ,
1294. U0 = U 2 168 ; U = U0 cos2t = 168 cos100t.

U(t).
168 cos100t = 84; cos 100t =
1
2
; 100t = (
) + 2n =
+ 2 n.
3
2
3
[0; 2] 2:
2
4
2
;100 t 2 =
+ 2 =
;
3
3
3
1
2
2
1
1
c; t 2 =
c; t = 2( t 2 t1) = 2(
)=
c.
t1 =
150
150
150 150
75
100 t1 =
1295. , ..
. ,
, ,
.
237
1296. .. ,
- .
, .
1297. - .
1298.
,
.
.
1299. .. = ,
. =
,
t
.
1300.
,
.
) ).
1301. U = 220 ; R = 55 ; I0 ? I ?
220
= 4 A; I0 = I 2 = 4 1,41 = 5,64 .
I = U/R =
55
1302. i(t) = 0,42 cos314t (A); R = 500 ; U(t) ?
U(t) = Ri(t) = 0,42 500 cos 314t = 210 cos 314t (B).
1303. I0 = 10 A; R = 220 ; t = 1 = 3600 ; Q ?
Q = I2 Rt =
I0
Rt =
100
I20
Rt =
22 3600 = 3,96 106 .
2
2
1304. U = 310 sin t (B); R = 60 ; t = 1 = 60 ; Q ?

2
U0 = 310 B; Q = (U) t/R =
1305. = 1 = 103 ; i(t) ?
U20
3102
t=
60 4,8 104 .
2R
2 60
, U(t) = 308 cos2
t
, = 0,02 ;
T
U0 308
=
= 220 B; = UI;
2 1,4
103
P
I =
=
4,5 A; I0 = I 2 6,4 ;
U 220
t
I = I0 cos 2
= 6,4 cos100t (A).
0,02
U0 = 308 B; U =
1306. , U(t) = 90 sint (B), i(t) = 6 sint (A).

P(t) = i(t)U(t) = 540 sin2 t ().
 =
238
P
= 270 ; = t = 270 3600 = 9,72105 .
2
1307. = 250 = 2,5104 ; 1 = 50 ; 2 = 200 ; 3 = 400 ;

1 ? 2 ? 3 ?
1
1
=
= 12,7 ;
2 1 C 2 3,14 50 2,5 104
1
1
=
= 3,2 ;
X2 =
2 2 C 2 3,14 100 2,5 104
1
1
=
= 1,6 .
X3 =
2 3 C 2 3,14 400 2,5 104
X1 =
1308. = 10 = 105 ; = 50 ; U = 220 ;

U(t) ? i(t) ? q(t) ?
U0 = U 2 220 1,41 = 308 ;

I0 = U 2 2 = 220 1,41 2 3,14 50105 0,97 ;
q0 = CU 2 105 220 1,41 3103 .
U(t) = U0 cos t = 308 cos 100t (B), I(t) = I0 cos(t +
= 0,97 cos(100t +
)=
2
) (); q = q0 cos t = 3103 cos 100t ().

2
1309. U = 220 B; = 50 ; I = 2,5 A; C ?
1
2,5
U
I
= ;C =
=
3,6 105 .
2 C I
2 U 2 3,14 50 220
1310. = 0,1 = 107 ; I = 1,6 ; = 0,2 = 2104 ;U0 ?
T
2 104
I 2
1,6 1,41 700 .
U0 =
2 C
2 3,14 107
1311. 1 = 0,2 = 2107 ; 2 = 0,1 = 107 ; U = 220 B;
= 50 ; I ? U1 ? U2 ?
1
1
1
C C
=
+
;C = 1 2 ;
C C1 C2
C1 + C2
I = 2 CU = 2
2 107 107
C1 C2
U = 2 3,14 50
220 4,6 103 .
2 107 + 107
C1 + C2
I
I
C C
C2 U
107 220
=
1 2 2 U =
=
73 B;
2 C1 2 C1 C1 + C2
C1 + C2 2 107 + 107
C1 U
2 107 220
=
147 B.
U2 = U U1 =
C1 + C2 2 107 + 107
1312. = 800 = 8104 ; R = 30 ; U = 120 B; = 50 ;
U1
U
? 2 ?I ?U ?
U
U
U1 =
239
Z = R2 +
2C2
U1 = IR; U2 =
1 + 2 C 2 R 2 ; U = IZ ; I =
U
UC
=
;
Z
1 + 2 C 2 R2
I
;
C
RC
30 2 3,14 50 8 104
U1 IR R
=
= =
=
0,6;
U IZ Z
1 + 2 C2 R 2
1 + 4 3,142 9 64 108 2500
U2
U
= 1 1 = 1 0,6 = 0,4;
U
U
UC
120 2 3,14 50 8 104
I=
=
24 A.
1 + 2 C2 R 2
1 + 9 16 3,142 2500 64 108

:
IR
U
ctg = R =
= CR = 2 3,14 50 8 104 3 0,75.
I
UC
C
1313. U = 440 B; = 50 ; I = 0,5 A; U1 = 110 B; C ?
U
U
U2
I=
; U1 = IR; R = 1 ; I 2 = 2
;
I
1
1
U1
2+
+
R
I 2 2 C2
2 C2
U12
I2
C=
1
2 C2
I
2 U
U2
, = 2 ;
I2
U12
0,5
2 3,14 50 4402 1102
3,74 106 .
1314. ) ,
/2., .
) /2. ,
.
1315. L = 35 = 3,5103 ; 1 = 60 ; 2 = 240 ; 3 = 480 ;
1 ? 2 ? 3 ?
1 = 21L = 2 3,14 60 3,5102 13,2 ;
2 = 22L = 2 3,14 240 3,5102 52,8 ;
3 = 23L = 2 3,14 480 3,5102 105,6 .
1316. U0 = 160 B; I 0 = 10 A; = 50 ; L ?
2 L =
160
U0
U0
;L =
=
= 0,05 .
2 I0 2 3,14 50 10
I0
1317. X L = 500 ; U = 100 B; = 1000 ; L ? I0 ?
240
X L = L = 2 L; L =
I0 =
500
XL
=
7,9 102 ;
2 3 3,14 1000
U0 U 2 100 1,41
=
=
0,28 A.
500
XL
XL
1318. L = 0,2 ; U = 220 B; = 50 ; i(t) ?
220
U0
=
3,5 A;
2 L 2 3,14 50 0,2
i(t) = i0 cos( 2t ) = 3,5 sin 100t (A).

2
U0 = U 2 ; i0 =
1319. L = 2 ; R = 10 ; U = 20 B; = 400 ; I1 ? I2 ?
U 20
=
= 2 A;
R 10
U
U
U
20
=
=
= 4 103 A.
I2 =
2+ 2 2
L
L
400 2
,
2
2
3
14
R L
I1 =
,
.
1320. R = 15 ; U = 120 B; L = 50 = 5102 ; I0 = 7 A; ?
R 2 + 2 L2 =
=
U 2
I0
; = 2 ;
2 1202
61 .
49
2 U2
1
=
2 2
2
3
14
,
5 102
I0 R
1
2 L
1321. L = 45 = 4,5102 ; R = 10 ; = 50 ; U = 220 B;

I??
I=
R
=
2+
=
R
2+4
2 2 L 2
220
12,6 A.
100 + 4 3,142 2500 25 104
.
IL L 2 L 2 3,14 50 4,5 102
U
tg = L =
=
=
=
0,14.
10
IR
R
R
UR
1322. R = 10 ; U = 127 B; = 50 ; = 60 = /3; L ?
P
P
=
;
U R = U cos ; U R I = P; I =
U R U cos
U L = U sin ; U L = IL = U sin ;
P
L = U sin ;
U cos
241
L=
U2 sin2
1272 0,87
=
= 0,056 .
4 P
4 3,14 50 400
1323. R = 1 = 103 ; L = 0,5 ; = 1 = 106 ;

1 = 50 ; 2 = 10 = 104 ; L1 ? L2 ? C1 ? C2 ? Z1 ? Z2 ?
X L1 = 2 1 L1 = 2 3,14 50 0,5 = 157 ;
XC1 =
1
2 1 C
1
3,18 103 ;
2 3,14 50 106
2
2
Z1 = R12 + ( X L1 XC1) = 106 + (1570 3180) 3,184 ;
XC 2 =
1
2 2 C
1
16 ;
2 3,14 104 106
2
Z2 = R 22 + ( X L2 XC2) = 106 + (3,14 10 4 16) 3,14 104 .

1324. = 1000 ; = 0,1 = 107 ; L = 0,5 ;
ZP ? ?
ZP = 2 L
2 L
1
1
= 2 3,14 103 0,5
1,55 103 ;
2 C
2 3,14 103 107
1
1
1
= 0; =
=
712 .
2 C
2 LC 2 3,14 107 0,5
1325. U = 220 B; = 50 ; = 35,4 = 3,54105 ; R = 100 ;

L = 0,7 ; I ? U R ? U L ? UC ?
U
I=
=
1 2
2+
)
R ( L
C
220
=
= 1,34 ;
2
1
)
104 + ( 2 3,14 0,7 50
2 3,14 50 3,54 105
U R = IR = 1,34 100 = 134 B;

U L = IL = 1,34 2 3,14 50 0,7 295 ;
I
1,34
=
= 121 ;
C 2 3,14 50 3,54 105
1326. U = 220 B; R = 150 ; L = 52 = 5,2102 ; = 50 ;
= 150 = 1,2104 ; I ? P ? cos ?
UC =
= 2 ; I =
1
R 2 + L
L
242
220
225 + 50 2 3,14 5,2 102
50 2 3,14 5,2 102

P = I 2 R = 12,22 15 = 2,2 103 ;
R
cos =
=
2
1
)
R 2 + (L
C
15
=
2
1
)
225 + ( 2 3,14 50 5,2 102
2 3,14 50 5,2 102
12,2 ;
= 0,8.
1327.
,
- .
1328. ,
.
1329. L = 0,01 = 102 ; = 1 = 103 ; ?
= 2 ; =
1
LC
;2 =
LC
= 2,5 106 .
4 3,14 106 102
4 L
1330. XC =5000 ; = 20 = 2104 ; L ?
1
1
1
;2 =
;C = 2 2 ;
XC =
2 C
LC
4 L
C=
XC = 2 L; L =
5 103
XC
=
4 102 .
2 2 3,14 2 104
1331. L = 50 = 5102 ; = 29 = 2,9105 ; ?
1
2 LC
1
2 3,14 5 102 2,9 105
1,32 .
1332. I = 3 A; U1 = 12 B; U2 = 24 B; L ? XL ?; R =
U2 24
=
= 8 ;
I
3
1
1 U1
12
U
= L; 1 =
;
= L = X L ; X L =
= 4 .
I
3
C
C I
1333. R = 5 ; L = 0,5 = 5104 ; = 0,15 = 1,5107 ;
U = 380 B; I ?
243
1
2 LC
1
2 3,14 1,5 107 5 104
1,84 104 ;
U 380
=
= 76 A.
R
50
1334. R = 2 ; L = 75 = 7,5102 ; U = 50 B; = 50 ;
? UC ? UL ?
1
1
=
1,3 10 4 ;
4 2 2 LC = 1; C =
4 2 2 L 4 3,142 2500 7 ,5 10 2
I=
UC =
U
U
50
=
=
600 ;
CR 2CR 2 3,14 50 1,3 10 4 2
2L
2 3,14 50 7,5 10-2
= 50
600 .
2
R
1335. .. , ,
, , . , .
1336. - .
1337. .. P = UI, a P1 = P2,
.
1338. ) .. , UCA = UBC.
) .. , , UCA = 2UBC.
1339. .. ,
. ,
.
1340. ,
( ) ,
) ) ).
1341. U1 = 22000 B; U2 = 110 B; N 2 = 110; N1 ?
UL = U
22000
N1 U1
=
; N1 =
110 = 22000.
110
N 2 U2
1342. N1 = 100; N 2 = 1000; U1 = 120 B; U2 ?
1000
N
N1 U1
=
; U2 = 2 U1 =
120 = 1200 .
100
N1
N 2 U2
1343. U = 110 B; N = 440; U1 = 4 B; U2 = 6 B; U3 = 8 B; U4 = 10 B;
N1 ? N 2 ? N 3 ? N 4 ?
4
6
U
N
U1
U
= 440
= 1;
=
; N 2 = N 2 = 440
= 24;
U
110
U
110
U1 N1
U2 N2
8
U
N
U
=
; N3 = N 3 = 440
= 32;
U
110
U3 N3
10
U
N
U
=
; N 4 = N 4 = 440
= 40. 40 .
U
110
U4 N4
U
244
; N1 = N
1344. N1 = 300; U1 = 220 B; N 2 = 165; R = 50 ; U2 = 50 B; I - ?

1 N
1 165
N
U1
= 1 ;I = ( 2 U1 U 2 ) =
(
220 50 ) = 1,42 .
R N1
50 300
N2
U 2 + IR
1345. U1 = 220 B; K = 10; R = 2 ; I = 4 A; U2 ?
220
U
U1
= K; U2 = 1 IR =
4 2 = 14 B.
K
10
U2 + IR
1346. K = 8; U1 = 200 B; R = 2 ; I = 3 A; U2 ?
200
U
U1
= K; U2 = 1 IR =
3 2 = 19 B.
+
K
8
U2 IR
1347. U1 = 220 B; U2 = 127 B; R1 = 2 ; R 2 = 1 ; R = 10 ; U ?
1348. k = 10; U1 = 120 B; R 2 = 1,2 ; I = 5 A; R - ? U2 ?
k=
120
U
U1
1,2 5 = 6 B;
; U2 = 1 I R 2 =
+
k
10
U2 IR 2
U2 6
= = 1,2 .
I
5
1349. U1 = 110 B; U2 = 2200 B; I2 = 2 A; I1 ? P1 ? P2 ?
.. , .
U2 I 2 2200 2
=
= 40 A;
U1 I1 = U2 I2 ; I1 =
110
U1
P1 = P2 = U2 I2 = 2 2200 = 4400 .
1350. I1 = 0,5 A; U1 = 220 B; I 2 = 11 A; U2 = 9,5 B; ?
9,5 11
P
U I
= 0,95 = 95%.
= 2 = 2 2 =
0,5
220
P1 U1 I1
1351. I2 = 20 A; U2 = 120 B; U1 = 22000 B; = 90% = 0,9;
I1 ? P1 ? P2 ?
U2 = IR; R =
P2 = U2 I2 = 120 20 = 2,4 103 ; P1 =
P2 2,4 103
=
2,67 103 ;
0,9
P1 2,67 103
0,12 A.
=
U1 2,2 104
1352. U1 = 220 B; U2 = 20 B; R = 10 ; I2 = 2 A; k - ? - ?
220
U1
=
= 10;
k=
20 + 2 1
U2 + I 2 R
U1 I1 = P1 ; I1 =
= P2 = U 2 I 2 =
P1
U1 I1
U2I2
U2
=
=
(U 2 + I 2 R )I 2 U 2 + I 2 R
1+
1
=
I2R
U2
245
1
0,91 = 91%.
2 1
1+
20
1353. U1 = 3500 B; U2 = 220 B; P2 = 25 = 2,5104 ; cos = 1; k = 15;
=
R ? I1 ?
k=
k=
U1
; P2 = U2 I 2 cos = U2 I2 ;
U2 + I 2 R
220 3500
U1
U U
220 0,12 ;
; R = 2 1 U 2 =
4
k
15
P2
2
5
,
P
10
2
R
U2 +
U2
I1 U1 = I 2 ( U2 + I2 R ); I1 =
I 2 ( U2 + I 2 R )
.
U1
1354. R = 15 ; k = 10; = 9,6 = 9,6103 ; I2 = 80 A; U'2 ?
U1 = U'2 I1 R ; U2 =
I
I
k = 2 ; I1 = 2 ; k =
k
I1
P
I2
;k =
I2 ( U2'
P
'
U1 I2 ( U2 I1 R )
;
=
P
U2
I2
R)
k
;
10 9,6 103 80 15
I2
R=
+
= 1320 B.
80
10
I2 k
1355. = 10 = 0,1 . = 300 /.
c 300
c = ; = =
= 3 103 . .
0,1
10 .
- , :
, .
;
, ..
1356. .
1357. ) .
) .
1358. - .
1359. .
1360. .
1361. - .
1362. . , ,
. ,
.
U'2 =
246
kP
1363. , .
1364.
.
1365.
.
1366. - , , , .
1367. ..
1
,
1
C
C . ,
. ..
1
, .
d
1368. = 250 ; ?
c 3 108
=
= 1,2 106 .
250
1369. = 600 ; ?
c 3 108
= =
= 5 105 .
600
1370. = 1400 = 1,4106 ; ?
c
3 108
= c; = =
214 .
1,4 106
1371. = 2108 /; = 1 = 106 ; ?
c
2 108
= c; = =
= 200 .
1,4 106
1372. = 0,4 = 4107 ; L = 1 = 103 ; ?
c
1
=
; = c; = = 2 c CL = 2 3,14 3 108 4 107 103
2 CL
= ; =
3,77 104 .
1373. L = 2103 ; d = 1 = 0,01 ; = 11; S = 800 c2 = 8102 2; ?
C=
1
1
0 S
; =
=
d
2 LC 2
= c; =
d
;
0 SL
c
0 SL
= 2 c
=
11 8,85 1012 8 102 2 103
2,34 103 .
102
1374. I = 1 A; t = 0,6 c; = 0,2 B; C = 14100 = 1,41108 ; ?
= 2 3,14 3 108
=L
I
t
1
1
;L = ; =
=
t
I
2 LC 2
I
;
tC
247
= c; =
c
tC
= 2 c
=
0,2 0,6 1,41 108

7,75 104 .
1
1375. L = 1 = 106 ; = 50 ; ?
c
1
1
2
= c; = ; =
;C =
=
=
4 2 2 L 4 2 c 2 L
2 LC
2500
=
7 1010 .
2
4 3,14 9 1016 106
1376. L = 0,5 ; = 400 ; ?
c
1
1
2
= c; = ; =
;C =
=
=
2
2
4 L 4 2 c2 L
2 LC
160000
=
8,9 1014 .
4 3,142 9 1016 0,5
1377. L = 50 =5105 ; = 300 ; ?
c
1
1
2
= c; = ; =
;C =
=
=
2
2
4 L 4 2 c2 L
2 LC
90000
=
5 1010 .
4 3,142 9 1016 5 105
1378. L = 0,32 = 3,2104 ; 1 = 188 ; 2 = 545 ;
C1 ? C2 ?
= 2 3,14 3 108
= c; =
1
c
2
; =
;C =
;
4 2 c2 L
2 LC
12
C1 =
2 2L
4 c
22
2 2L
1882
3 1011 ;
4 3,14 9 1016 3,2 104
2
5452
2,5 1010 .
4 3,14 9 1016 3,2 104
4 c
3,11011 2,61010 .
1379. L = 10 = 105 ; = 41015 ; U = 5104 B; ?
, , ,
, , .
2E
U
U
c
U
CU2
;C = 2 ;
; = c; = ; =
E=
=
;
2
c
U 2 LC 2 2 LE
2 2 LE
C2 =
248
2 2 LE 2 3,14 3 108 2 105 4 1015

=
1066 .
U
5 104
1380. 1 = 25 ; 2 = 200 ;
1 1 = c; 1 =
; 1 =
d1
?
d2
; C1 =
0 S
.
d1
2 LC1
1
1
1
; d1 2 . , d 2 2
, 1
1
2
d1
1
2
1
d 2 1
252
= 2=
=
. .
2
64
d1 2 200
1381. .
1382. ,
.
1383. - ,
.
1384. ,
.
1385. t = 0,0001 c; l - ?
ct 3 108 0,0001
=
= 1,5 104 = 15 .
2
2
1386. N = 2000 c1; l ?
c
3 108
l=
=
= 75000 = 75 .
2 N 2 2000
1387. = 1500 ; t = 1 = 106 ;
l min ? l max ?
2l = ct; l =
c
3 108
=
= 105 = 100 ;
2 2 1500
ct 3 108 106
= 1,5 102 = 150 .
l min = =
2
2
1388. l = 30 = 3104 ; t = 1 c; N ?
ct
ct 3 108 1
l=
;N =
=
= 5000.
2N
2l 2 3 104
1389. = 15 = 0,15 ; N = 4000 c1; t = 2 = 2106 ;
N ? l ?
t ct 3 108 2 106
cT = ; T = ; N = = =
= 4000;
c
T
0,15
l max =
c
3 108
=
= 3,75 104 = 37,5 .
2 N 2 4000
1390. N = 1000 c1; = 3 = 3102 ; t = 0,3 = 3107 ;
= 70 = 7104 ; ? ? l ?
l=
249
E = Pt = 71043107 = 2,1102 ;
 = NE = 2,11021000 = 21 ;
c
3 108
=
= 1,5 105 = 150 .
2 N 2 1000
1391. h = 8 ; t ? l ?
R = 6400 = 6,4106 .
: ( R + h) 2 = l2 + R 2 .
l=
R 2 + 2 Rh + h2 = l2 + R 2 ;2 Rh + h2 = l2 .
.. 2Rh >> h2, . : 2Rh = l2;
l = 2 Rh = 2 6,4 106 8 10000 = 10 ;

c
c 3 108
;N =
=
= 1,5 104 1/;
2N
2l 2 104
t = N 1 6,7 105 .
l=
.. t l h, h t.
1392. = 300 ; h = 10 ; L ?
1391 ,
:
2 RH = l12 ;2 Rh = l22 ; L = l1 + l2 ;
L = 2 RH + 2 Rh = 2 R ( H + h ).
R = 6,4106 .
L = 2 6,4 106 ( 300 + 10 ) = 73 103 = 73 .

1393. = 50 = 0,5 ; N = 625; = 25 ; ?
l 3 103
=
= 105 ;
c 3 108
a = atN = 0,5 105 625 25 7,8 102 = 7,8 .
t =
1394. h=1,2 ; l=0,8 ; L=12l.

H?
H L 12l
= =
=12; H=12h=1,2 12=14,4 .
l
h
l
1395.
=4 ; L=3; h=1.
l ?
h
H
=
;
l L+e
l=
250
Lh
3 1
=
=1 .
H h 4 1
1396. H=3; h=1; l1=0,8; l2=1,2.

L ?
H
H
h
h
l (H h)
= ; L1= 1
;
= ;
h
L1 + l1 l1
L2 + l2 l2
l2 ( H h )
h
( H h )( l2 l1 ) ( 3 1 )( 1,2 0,8 )
=
=0,8 .
L=L2L1=
1
h
L2=
1397. h=0,9; l1=1,2; l2=1,5; L=1.

?
H
H
h
h
l (H h)
l ( H h)
= ; L1= 1
;
= ; L2= 2
;
h
h
L1 + l1 l1
L2 + l2 l2
( l2 l1 )( H h )
;
h
Lh
1 0,9
=h+
=0,9+
=3,9 .
1,5 1,2
l2 l1
L=L2L1=
1398.
. ,
.
1399. , ,
.
1400. -
.
.
,
, .
1401. .
1402. - ,
, (
,
, ).
1403. , ,
.
1404. ,
.
1405. .
251
1406.
=30.
?
=90(+).
DOE==.

==
++=90;
90
=45 .
2
2
=90(+45 )=45 ;
2
2
30
=30.
=45
2
=
1407.
=18,
=90
18
=90
=81.
2
2
1408. .
1409.
h=182 ; lmin ?
: lmin
lmin=
252
h
.
2
182
=91 ().
2
1410. ={120, 90, 72, 60, 45}.

N?
=120: N=2;
=90
N=3;
N=4.
N=
=60: N=
360
1.
N
360
360
1=5; =45: N=
1=7.
60
45
1411.
*
. . =CA, AC=ACA=45
1=2=3=45, O=OC=
1
=0,5 ().
2
0,5 .
1412. 13,3 .
1413. h, , .
H ? (. 220)
SO=SO=H.
253
SA=Hh; SA=H+h
SA
SA
=tg;
=tg.
AB
AB
SA tg
=
.
AB tg
(Hh)tg=(H+h)tg;
H=h
tg + tg
.
tg tg
1414.
.
1415. .
1416.
*
) n>n
, n
, n.
)
;
)
;
)
.
254
1417. ,
, . -
.
1418. , .
1419. .
1420.
vc na
v
2 ,42
=
; c =
=1,55. 1,55 .
,
va nc va 156
1421. =45, =30.

n?v?
n=
sin
; n=
sin
sin 45
=1,41.
sin 30
v 1
c
3 108
=
; n0=1,4; v=
. v=
=2,14108 (/).
n0
1,4
c n0
1422. v1=225 000 /; v2=200 000 /; =30.
?
sin
v
v
= 1 : sin= 2 sin
sin v2
v1
=arcsin[
v2
sin]
v1
=arcsin[
200000
sin30]26.
225000
1423. n=1,31.
1424. v=240 000 /; n=1; =25.
?
sin
sin
cn c
= , =3105 (/).
v
v
= arcsin[
2 ,4 105
v
sin]; = arcsin[
sin25]20.
3 105
1425. (0)=35; (0)=25; (1)=50.

(1) ?
sin ( 0 )
sin ( 0 )
(1)= arcsin[
(1)= arcsin[
sin ( 1 )
sin ( 1 )
sin ( 1 )
sin ( 0 )
;
sin(1)].
sin 25
sin50]34.
sin 35
255
1426. n=1,47; n=1,33; =30. ?
sin
sin
=arcsin[
n
n
1,47
n
sin]; =arcsin[
sin30]33,5.
n
1,33
1427. =15; n=1.31; n=1. ?.
sin
sin
1,31
n
n
; =arcsin[ sin]; =arcsin[
sin15]20.
n
n
1
1428. =90; n=1; n2=1,33
=90.
sin
sin
tg=
n2
;
n1
n2
n
; =arctg 2 ;
n1
n1
=arctg1,3353.
1429. n=1; ncn=1,36; =120.
?
*
: 90 =60; =60+.
sin( 60+ ) ncn

sin
=
=
;
sin
n
sin
sin 60 cos cos 60 sin

sin 2
sin60ctg=ncncos60;
=arctg[
3
]45.
2( 1,36 0,5 )
1430. =30; n1=2,4; =90. n2 ?
256
tg=[
=ncn;
sin 60
];
ncn cos 60
*
: =90.
sin
sin
sin
cos
=tg=
n2
.
n1
n2=n1tg1,39.
1431. =32; n2=1,33; n1=1. ?
: =90.
sin
sin
=arcsin[
n2
.
n1
n2
sin]
n1
=90=90arcsin[
n2
sin].
n1
=90arcsin[1,33 sin32]45.
1432. h=2,5 ; n1=1; n2=1,33. H ?
*
Htg=htg.
h=h
tg
tg
. . , tgsin, tgsin.
257
H=h
sin
sin
=h
n1
=2,51/1,331,9.
n2
1433.
*
h1=40 ; n=2,4 ; n1=1; n2=1,33.
H= h
n1
(. 1432).
n2
h=rh1.
H=(rh1)
n1
.
n2
1
=1,5 ().
1,33
v
v n2
v
=
=n2;
=1,33.
1434. n1=1; n2=1,33.
?;
v
v n1
v
H=(2,40,4)
1435.
258
SO=SO; SB=SOOB;
x=dtg2.
x
=tg1;
y
y=
n
x
tg2
sin 2
=d
=d
=d 1 =15 ().
tg1
tg1
sin 1
n2
SO=30+y=30+15=45 (). =dy=2015=5 ().

S/B=SOOB=455=40().
1436. h=32 ; =45; n1=1; n2=1,33. r ?
*
BAD=ABD==45BD=AD=h;
r=hCD=hhtg=h(1tg).
sin n2
=
;
sin n1
n
n
=arcsin( 1 sin); r=h(1tg[arcsin( 1 sin)])
n2
n2
1
r=32(1tg[arcsin
sin45])=11,9 ().
1,33
4
1437. , 2l, n2= ; n1=1. ?
3
259
*
=90
sin
n
1 3
= 1 =
= .
sin( 90 ) n2 n2 4
3
3
3
sin= cos; =arcsin( cos); =90-arcsin( cos).
4
4
4
1438. h=1,25 ; =38; n1=1; n2=1,33. l ?
*
l=htg.
sin n2
sin
=
=n2; =arcsin(
)
n2
sin n1
l=htg[arcsin(
sin 38
sin
)]; l=1,25tg[arcsin(
)]0,65 ().
n2
1,33
1439. h=1,5 ; h1=30 ; =45; n1=1; n2=1,33. l ?
260
*
l=htg1+h1tg;
l=htg[arcsin(
sin n2
sin
=
=n2; 1=arcsin(
)
n2
sin n1
sin 45
sin
)]+h1tg. l=1,5tg[arcsin(
)]+0,3tg45=1,24 ().
n2
1,33
1440. R=8 ; h=2 ; n=
4
. r?
3
*
r=Rhtg2.;
sin 1
4
=n= ;
sin 2
3
. . 1=90, sin2=
sin 2
1
1
1
. tg2=
=
=
.
2
2
n
1
1 sin 2 n 1
n 1
261
r=R
1
n2
.; r=8
5,73 ().
( )2 1
3
1441. h=1,2 ; =30, n=
4
. r?
3
*
r=2htg.
sin
sin
r=
sin
1
; sin=
.
n
n
2 1,2 sin 30
4
( )2 sin 2 30
3
=0,97 ().
1442. d=2 ; n=1,6; =55. ?
*
=
262
d
sin()=(sincostg).
cos
sin
sin
sin
cos
=n; sin=
; tg=
; x=d(sin)(1
).
2
2
2
sin
n
n sin
n sin 2
cos 55
l=4sin55(1
1,62 sin2 55
)=1,9 ().
1443. =30; n=1,5; =1,94 . d ?
cos
=dsin(1
).; d=
n sin
sin ( 1
1,94
d=
cos
2
n sin
=10 ().
cos 30
sin 30 ( 1
1,5 sin 30
1444. sin=0,8; x=2 ; n=1,7.
d=
1 sin
sin ( 1
n sin
d=
0,8( 1
)
=4,17 ().
1 0 ,8
2
1,7 0 ,8
1445. d1=16 ; d2=24 ; n0=1; n1=1,5; n2=1,8; =48. x ?
*
x=x1+x2.
x1=
d1
sin n1
=
=n1;
sin(1).;
cos 1
sin 1 n0
263
1=arcsin
sin 48
sin
; 1=arcsin(
)=29,7.
15
,
n1
n
sin 1 n2
=
; 2=arcsin( 1 sin1)
sin 2 n1
n2
2=arcsin(
x2=
15
,
sin29,7)=24,4.
1,8
d2
sin(2).
cos 2
x=
d1
d2
sin(1)+
sin(2).
cos 1
cos 2
x=
16
24
sin(4829,7)+
sin(4824,4)=16 ().
cos 29 ,7
cos 24 ,4
1446. n1=1,3; n2=1,5; d1=3 ; d2=5 . r ?
*
r=
x1 + x2
; x1=d1tg; x2=d2tg
tg1
. . , 1 ,
1
tg
sin
tg1
=
=
; tg=
sin 1 tg1 n1
n1
tg d1 d 2
n tg
1
sin tg tg
d tg
=
=
n1= 1 ;
=
.; r= 1
+d2
=
+
.
sin tg tg1
tg1
n2 tg1 n2
tg1 n1 n2
3
5
r=
+
5,6 ().
1,3 1,5
1447. d=1 ; n=1,73, =60. n ?
264
sin
sin cos
sin
=n; sin=
. n=2d
;
n
sin
n 2 sin 2
sin 60 cos 60
n=21
1,732 sin 2 60
0,58 ().
1448. d=5 ; =30, n=2,5 ().

. . 1447:
sin cos
n=2d
n=
n 2 sin 2
d 2 sin 2 2
n2
d sin 2
n 2 sin 2
+ sin 2 ; n=
; n2sin2=
d 2 sin2 2
52 sin 2 ( 2 30 )
2 ,52
n2
+ sin 2 30 1,8.
1449.
*
=3 , d=4,5 .
265
sin
sin tg
d
=n; tg=dtg; . . :
=
=n=
;
sin
sin tg
x
n=
4 ,5
=1,5 ().
3
1450.
sin min
=
sin 2
n; ni+1=
ni
k
1
:
k
1
sin min sin min sin 2
=
= 2 .
sin 3
sin 2 sin 3 k
; i=1, 2, ... , N.
min ?
sin min
sin 1 n2 1
=n;
=
= ;
sin 1
sin 2 n1 k
sin 2 n3 1
1 n
1
n
=
= . sinmin=nsin1=nsin2 = sin3 = ... = N 1 sinN.
sin 3 n2 k
k k
k
k
1) N-
,
sin N
1 1 N1
n
k N 1
=
= k , sinmin= N 1
=1;
n
sin 90 n N n
k
min=90,
. . 1- 90, ,
N-
.
2) - i- , 1<i<N,
sin i 1
= ,
sin 90 k
. . sinmin=
n
k
i 1
sini=
n
k
1,
n
ki
(i+1)
1.
, min (<90) 1 , N . ,
min (min<90).
1451.
: ||EF.
266
CB||DE, =, =
sin sin
=
.
sin sin
=, AB||EF. , , ||DE. 1=1/,

2=2/.
1=2=90, 1+2=90.
, (1+1)+(2+2)=180.
(1+1) (2+2)
DE CD. 180. , CB||DE, ,
||EF, . . .

(, ), . .
1452. =40; n=1,5. ?
=. ==;
sin
=n;
sin
sin=nsin=nsin;
=arcsin(nsin).
=arcsin(nsin)
=arcsin(1,5 sin40)40=34,5.
1453. =
; = ; = . ?
6
3
4
267
*
ABCD.
360,
++(180)+(180)=360
+=+
=+;
=

+ = .
6 3 4 4
1454.
=45; n=1,37; n=1,42.

1) =90=9045=45; =902=9045=45.
S=;
sin
=n; sin=n=nsin.
sin
=arcsin(nsin).
268
S=arcsin(nsin):
S=arcsin(1,37sin45)45=30,6.
2) +=+S (. 1453).
sin
sin
=n;
sin=nsin.
+=90=45.
=45
sin
sin
1
sin
; sin=
.
n
n
=arcsin(
n
sin
)=arcsin( sin);
n
n
=45arcsin(
n
sin)
n
=45 arcsin
1,37
sin452.
1,42
S= arcsin(n sin)+
S= arcsin(1,37sin45)+245=32,6.
1455.
; n; ) ; ) =0.
=(n1) .
+2=+ (. 1453).
=+2.
269
sin
=n;
sin
. . , =n;
=+.
sin 1
= ; sin2=nsin.
sin 2 n
2 ,
2=n=n(+)
=+n(+)=2n+(n1).
. . <, 2n .
, =(n1).
1456. 1) ,
,
, .
2) , (
) , ,
.
3) - .
,
=1801, 1 .
1457. n=1,52; ) n=1; n=1,52;
) n=1,33; n=1;
) n=1,52; n=1,33. 0 ?
)
1
sin 0 n
1
=
, 0=arcsin
. 0=arcsin(
)>41,14;
1,52
sin 90 n
nc
) sin0=
1
n
; 0=arcsin
1
=48,75.
1,33
n
1,33
) sin0=
; 0=arcsin
=61,05.
n
1,52
1458. n=1,51; n=1,53. ? ?
n=1
sin=
1
n
=
;
n
1,51
=41,47.
=40,8.
1459. 0=4223. v ?
v n
=
c n
1
,
n
n ,
270
n=1.
v
c
; v=sin0.; v=3108sin4223=2108 (/).
n
1460. , ..
.
1461. (42)
45, - .
1462. n ?

, . . 42.
sin
1
1
. n
1,49.
n
sin 42
1463. h=10 ; n=1,33; n=1. R ?
R=htg0, 0 .
sin0=
n
sin 0
1
1
=
; tg0=
=
;
2
n n
n 1
1 sin 0
h
R=
n 1
; R=
10
1,332 1
=11,4 ().
1464. H=26 ; n=1,64. S ?

S=R2, R=
S=
h
2
n 1
h 2
h 2
( n 1)
n 1
(. 1463).
; S=
3,14 262
2
1,64 1
=1256 (c2).
1465. n=1,8; d=2 . h ?

d=2R, R=
h=
d
2
(. 1463).
n2 1
2
n 2 1 ; h=
, 2 1 =1,5 ().
18
2
271
1,5 .
1,5 , .
1466. R; n=
4
.d?
3
SS=d;
:
2Rtg=(2R+d)tg.
=180(180)()=2.
sin
=n; =n; =2n;
sin
2Rtg=(2R+d)tg(2n)
tg
tg
2R + d
=
d=2R[
1].
2R
tg( 2 n )
tg [( 2 n ) ]
, :
d=2R[
(2
4
3
1]=R.
1467. ; n=1,33. ?
180
+180+=180;
=90+2
2
2
sin 1
sin
sin
= ; sin=
; =arcsin(
).
=180+24.
n
sin n
n
ABC:
272
: =180+24arcsin(
sin
), n=1,33.
n
1468. ) =0, 20, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.

0=180+2 4 arcsin(
0
180
20
160,4
50
139,7
sin
), n=1,33.
n
55
138,3
60
137,9
65
138,7
70
140,7
) : min=137,7;
) =138.
. 60.
.
1469. .
1470. -
,
.
1471. .
1472. D=4 . F ?
F=
1
1
; F= =0,25 ().
D
4
(D>0).
1473. D=2,5 . F?
F=
1
1
; F=
=0,4 ().
2 ,5
D
.
1474.
273
) .
) .
) .
) .
1475. ) , ) .
1476.
1477. .
,
.
1478. , .
1479. : (1)
274
1 1 1
+ = ; =F2 (2).
d f
F
d=x+F; f=x+F
1
1
1
+
= ; F(x+x+2F)=xx+Fx+Fx+F2; F2=xx.
+ F + F F
, 1- 2-, , 2-
1-, .
1480. D=5 ; d=60 . f ?
1 1
1
1
+ =F; f=
; f=
1
1
d f
5
D
d
60 10
=0,3 ().
2
, , .
1481. d=F+25 (); f=F+36 (). F ?
1 1 1 1
1
1
+ = ;
=
+
; F=30 ().
d f
F F F + 25 F + 36
1482. f+d=2 (); d=40 . F ?
f=d; f=20,4=1,6 ().
1 1 1
1
= + ; F=
=0,32 ().
1
1
F f d
+
1,6
1483. f=9 ; F=12 . d ?

:
1
1 1
= ;
d f
F
1 1 1
1
1
= ; d=
; d=
=36 ().
1
1
1
1
d f F
12
1484. d0=40 ; D=2 ; d=15 . (f0f1) ?

d1=d0d; d1=4015=25 ().
F=
1
1
; F= =0,5 ()=50 ()>d1=40 ,
D
2
, .
1 1 1
1
( +, . . D= >0).
=
d f
F
F
275
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
= ;
=
=
=0,005 (). f0=2102 ()=2 ;
d0 f 0 F
f 0 d 0 F f 0 40 50
1
1 1
1
1
=
; f1=
=50 ()=0,5 (). f0f1=20,5=1,5 ().
; f1=
1
1
1
1
f1 d1 F
d1
25
50
1485. d0=12,5 ; f0=85 ; d1=10 . f1 ?

, F>0.
1
d +
0
1 +
d1
1
1
=
f0 F
1
1
=
f1 F
, : f1=86,5 ().
1486. f+d=120 ; F=25 . d ?
1 1 1
1
1 1
+ = ;
+ =
; :
d f
F 120 d d 25
d1=84,5 ; d2=35,5 .
1487. f+d=1 ; F1=21 . d ?
1)
1
1 1 1
1
1
+ = ;
+ =
;
d f
F 1 d d 0,21
d1=0,7 (), d2=0,3 ().

2)
1
1
1
1
1
1
+ =
;
+ =
; d2d+0,26=0;
1 d d F2 1 d d 0,26
D2=140,26<0 <0,
.
1488. F=60 ; h=1,2 ; d=60 . f ? h ?
1 1 1
1
1
+ = ; f=
; f=
=300 ().
1
1
1
1
f d F
50
60
f
1,2
h f
= ; h= R; h=
300=6 ().
60
h d
d
h 1
= .F?
1489. d=50 ;
h 5
1
1 1
d
50
= ; F= ; F=
12,5 ().
d f
4
4
F
1490.
276
h
=4,5; d=3,8 . D ?
h
1 1 1 1
1
1
h f
= =4,5; + = ;
= =D;
h d
f d F d 4 ,5d F
D=
1
3,8 10
1
4 ,5 3,8 10 2
=20 ().
1491. d0=f0=60 ; d1=40 () (d1=6020=40 ()). (
h1
)1 ?
h0
1
1
1
1
1
+
= ; F=
=
=30().
1
1
1
1
f 0 d0 F
+
+
f0
d0
60
60
h
f
h
f
1 1 1
1
1
=
; f1=
; f1=
=120 ().
( 1 )0= 0 =1; ( 1 )1= 1 ;
1
1
1
1
h0
d0
h0
d1 f1 F d1
d1
30
40
h
120
=3;
( 1 )1=
40
h0
3 .
1492. h1=5 ; h2=15 ; h21=10 ; d2=d2+1,5 (). F ?
h
1
1 1 f1 h2
1
1
1
+
= ;
+
=3; f1= d1;
+
= ;
f1 d1 F d1 h1
d1 h2
h1
F
d1
h1
1
1 1
1
1 1
3
1
1
1
+
= ; F= d1;
+
= ;
+
= ;
h2
, (d
f 2 d 2 F d1 + 15
3d1 d1 F
4
F
, )
1 + 15
h1
1
1
1
4
h2 10
=
=2;
+
= =
; d1=12 ;
5
2( d1 + 1,5 ) F 3d1
h1
d1 + 15
,
3
F= 12=9 ().
4
1493. f1+d1=1,5 ; f2+d2=4,5 ; h1=18 .; h2=96 . F ? h ?
1
1
1
= ;
+
f
d
F
1
1
1
1
1
= ;
+
f
d
F
2
2
h1 f1 h2
f2
;
= ; =
h d1 h d 2
f1+d1=4,5 ().
, : F=32 (); h=8 ().
1494. h=3; h1=18 ; h2=9; d=6;
277
1
1 1
1
1 1
+
= ;
= .F?D?
d1 f1 F d 2 f 2 F
9
f1 h1 18
f
h
+ =
=6; 2 + 2 = =3;
d1 h
d2 h 3
3
f1=6d1; f2=3d2.; d2=d1d=d16 ().
1
1
1
d + 6d = F ;
1
1
F=12 ;
1
1
1
+
= ;
3( d1 6 ) ( d1 6 ) F
D
1
1
; D=
=8,33 ().
F
12 10 2
1495. h=16 ; d1=80 (); D=2,5 . d=40 .
h2
?
h1
1 1
1
1
1 1
h
f
=
; |F|=
;
=|D|; 1 = 1 ;
d1 h
d1 f1
| F|
| D| d1 f1
1
1
f
h
=|D|: 2 = 2 ; d2=d1d=8040=40 (). :
d2 f 2
d2 h
1
1
= 2 ,5 10 2 = 0,025
80
h
80 1
1 1 = 0,025
h
40
40 2
h2
:
=1,5, 1,5 .
h1
1496. r=24 ; F=9 . d1 ? d2 ?

, . f1=f2. d1+d2=r;
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
+
= ;
+
= ;
=
=(
).
f 1 d1
F
f 2 d 2 F f1 F d1
F d2
1 2 1
1
2 1
1
2
1
=
+
;
=
+
;
+
= ;
F d1 d 2 F d1 r d1 d1 24 d1 9
: d1=18 ; d2=6 ;
d1=6 ; d2=18 .
1497. f=40 ; d=30 . F ?
, ,
278
1
1 1 1
1
; F=
=120 ().
= ; F=
1
1
1
1
d f
F
d f
30 40
1498. D=2,5 ; d=20 . f ?
1
1
1
1
1
1
=D;
= D; |f|=
; |f|=
=40 ().
1
1
d |f|
|f| d
D
2 ,5
d
0 ,2
, f=40 ().
1499. d=60 ; f=30 . F ?; ,
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
, F<0.
= ; |F|=
; |F|=
=60 ().
=
1
1
1
1
d f |F|
|F| f d
30
60
1500. D=2 ; f=150 . d ?
1
1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
, |F|=
;
=
= |D| d=
;
=
1
d f
|F|
| D| d f |F| f
| D|
f
d=
1
1
1,5
=0,75 ()
.
, d=75 ().
1501. l, F, a.
l1
?
l
l1
F2
=
.
l ( a F )2 ( l )2
2
1502. d0=30 ; D=5 ; l=15 ; n=1,5. f ?
279
1
1
1
1
1
= =D; f0=
;f0=
=0,6 ().
1
1
d0 f 0 F
5
D
0 ,3
d0
1
1 1
+
= =D;
d 0 d f1 F
, d=l(1
d=15(1
1
).
n
1
)=5 (c).
1,5
1
1
+
=5102, f1=100 ().
25 f1
f=f1f0=10060=40 ().
1503. R1=R2=R=30 ; n=1,6; n=1. D ?
1
1
1
1
1
n
=(
); D= =(1,61)(2
)=4 ().
1)( +
n
R R
F
F
30 10 2
1504. D=1 ; n=1,6; R ?
D=(
1
n
), n=1.
1)(
n
R
R=(
1
1
n
). R=(1,61) =0,6 ().
1)(
n
D
1
1505. n=1,6; F=25 ; n=1,33; n=1. F1 ?
1
1 1
n
n
=(
+ ); R=(
1)(
1)2F;
n
n
R R
F
1
n
=(
F1 n
2
n
=(
1)
R n
1) (
n
n
1) F
25(
). F1=
1,6
1
1,6
1,33
1506. D0=5 ; F1=100 ; n=1,5. n ?

D0=(
R=
2
n
1) .
n
R
2
2 1,5
n
( 1) = (
1)=0,2 ().
D0 n
5 1
1
R
0,2
2
n
=(
+1); n=1,5(
+1)=1,65.
1) ; n=n (
n
2 1
R
F1
F1
280
1)
1)
=74 ().
1507. F0=10 ; F1=55 ; n=1,44. n ?

:
1
2
n
=( 1)
; R=2F0(n1).
1
R
F0
1
1
2 1
n
n
=( 1)
;
=( 1)
;
n
n
R F1
F1
F0 ( ncn 1 )
n=1,6.
1508. n=1,61; R1=R2=R; D=1,6 ; n=1,33. R ?
2 1,61
1
2
2
n
n
=D= (
(
(
1); R=
1); R=
1)=0,26 ().
R n
1,6 1,33
D n
F
. 61. . .
1509. ) ; ) .
1510 .
1511. .
1512. .
1513. .
1514. h=12 ; h=80; d=20,5 . D ?
1 1
f h
h
+ =D;
= ; f= d;
d f
h
d h
D=
1
h
1
h
1
2 102
+
= (1+ ). D=
(1+
)=5 ().
d h d d
h
80 10 2
20,5 10 2
1515. F=15 ; d=15,6 .
h
?
h
1 1 1 1 1 1
h f h
1
1
+ = ;
= ; f=
;
= ;
=
;
1
1
1
d f
h d h d( 1 )
F f
F d
h
1
=
=25.
h 15,6( 1 1 )
15
15,6
1516.
h
=25; d=20,8 .
h
D?
D=
1 1 f h
1
h
1
+ ;
= ; f= d; D=
+ ;
h
d
h
f d d h
d
h
1
1
+
)102=5 ().
D=(
25 20,8 20,8
281
1517. D=5,4 ; f=4 ; S=69 (2). S1=ab ?
1
1
1
1
=D ; d=
; d=
=0,194 ().
1
1
d
f
D
5,4
f
4
h f h
= ;
=
=20,6.
h d h 0,194
b 10
h
;
h
b
9 10 2
h
h
h
; =0,06 ; b=0,09 .
h
h
h
=0,0620,6=1,24 (); b=0,0920,6=1,85 ().

1518. d0=15 ; h0=30 ; d1=9; h1=51 . F ?
1
d +
0
1 +
d1
1
1
=
f0 F
1
1
=
f1 F
f 0 h0 f1 h
=
,
= , h .
d 0 h d1 h
1 1
1
=
f 0 d 0h0 f 0 F d 0 f 0
d h
1 1
1
=
.
;
=(
)
= 0 0 .
1
1
1 1
f1 d1h1 1
f1
d1h1
F d1
=
F
d0
f1 F d1
d1h1
d h
d h d 0h0
=h1h0.
h1= 0 0 h0; 1 1
F
F
F
F=
d1h1 d 0h0
9 51 103 15 30 103
; F=
=0,43 ().
h1 h0
( 51 30 ) 10 3
1519. d0=8,5 ; h0=13,5 ; d1=2 ; h1=60. F ?

F=
F=
d1h1 d 0h0
(. 1518).
h1 h0
2 60 103 8,5 13,5 103

( 60 13,5 ) 10 3
=0,114 ().
1520. d=100 ; F=40 ; hmin=102 . ) hmin ?; ) t ?
1
1 1 1 f hmin
+ = ;
=
; f=
;
1
1
d f
F d hmin
F d
282
hmin=hmind
1
1 1
d
=dhmin( )=hmin( 1);
f
F d
F
hmin=102103(
100 103
10 10 2
1)=10
();
) t
r, r=vt, v=8 /, r=hmin=102 .
r d
1 1
d
= =d( )= 1;
rc f
F d
F
t=
102 103
8 103
105
101
vt d
h
d
r 1
= 1; t= c ( 1)= min (
1);
v F
rc F
v
F
1)=0,00125 c=1,25 ().
1521. v=10 /; r=0,2 ; F=10 ; d=5 .

t=
r d
0,2 10 3
5
(
( 1 1)=0,001 ().
1) (. 1520, )); t=
10
v F
10
1522. h=5 ; d=10 ; F=10 ; t=0,5 .

h=
v2
; v , .
2g
v= 2gh ; t=
t=
0,5 10
r d
(
1)=
v F
10
2 10 5 101
r
2 gh
d
1) (. 1520, )).
F
1)=0,005 ().
1523. F=8 ; f=25 . d ?
1 1 1
1
1
; d=
=6,06 ().
= ; d=
1
1
1
1
d f
F
+
+
f
25
1524. d=16 ; f=25 . D ?

,
1 1
1
1
1 1
=
=2,25 ().
=D; D= ; D=
2
d f
f d
25 10
16 10 2
1525. d=15 ; f=25 . D ?
D=
D=
1 1
(. 1524);
f d
1
25 10
1
15 10 2
=2,67 ().
1526. D=4 ; F=25 . dmax ?;
1 1
1
.
=D; d=
1
d f
D
f
283
F=
1 1
= =25 () , . . dmax=25 .
| D| 4
1527. f=50; d=25 . F ? D ?

F=
1
1
d
; D=
1 1
.
d f
F=
1
25 10
=0,5 (); D=
1
50 10
1
25 10 2
1
50 10 2
=2 ().
1528. D=2,5 ; d=0,2 . f ?

D=
1 1
1
1
; f=
=0,4 ().
; f=
1
1
d f
2 ,5
D
d
0 ,2
1529. f1=10; f2=25; D=4 . d1? d2?
d1=
1
f1
; d1=
| D|
1
10 10
1
=0,167 ().
6
f2=25 , .
1530. hmax=30; n=1,3. D?
n ,
, - -, . .
|D|=
h=
hmax
;
n
d=25
n
n
1,3
1
1
1
; |D|=
=
=0,4 (),
; |D|=
2
d Rmax
Rmax d
30 10
25 10 2
,
1531. r=3,84105 ; t=1,28 .
v
r
t
; v=
3,84 105 103

=3108 /.
1,28
1532. , .
1533. 41014 <<7,51014 ; =3108 /.
=
c
.
3 108
4 1014
()>>
3 108
7 ,5 1014
1534. =9,51014 . ?
=
c
;
284
(). 400 <<750 .
3 108
9 ,5 104
=316 <400 .
1535. =0,589 .
c
3 108
; =
=5,091014 ().
0,589 10 6
1536. n=1,329; n=1,344. v ? v ? v v ?

v=
c
c
c
; v=
; v=
.
n
n
n
v =
3 108
3 108
=2,26108 (/). v=
=2,23108 (/).
1,329
1,344
v v=0,03108 (/)=3106 (/).

1537. =7,51014 ; v=2,23103 (/). =12 ?
1=
v
c
3 108
2 ,23 103 103
; 1=
=400
();
=
;
=
=297 ();
2
2
7 ,5 1014
7 ,5 1014
=12; =103 ().

1538. 1=0,6 ; 2=0,4 .
,
1 n1 0,6
=
=
=1,5 n1 n2
2 n2 0,4
1 2. ,
(
n1 n2=1,5n1) .
1539. .
, . ,
, .
1540. ; ) ; )
.
1541. .
1542. .
1543. , ,
.
1544.
, , , .
1545. ,
,
.
1546. ,
.
1547. .
1548. =30; =45; n1=1,52; n2=1,67. ?
285
+=180; =180; 1+2=180; 1+2=;
sin 1
=n .
sin 2
l
sin 1
=
; 1=arcsin(nsin2)> (nsin(1))
sin nk
1=arcsin(
sin
sin
). 1= arcsin[n sin(arcsin(
)];
n
n
1= arcsin[1,52sin(45arcsin(
sin 30
)]44.
152
,
2=50. =21=6.
1549. .
1550. ,
, .
1551. .
1552. .
1553. .
1554. ,
, .
1555. ,
,
.
. ,
), .
1556. .
1557. .
1558. .
286
1559. .
.
1560. n , n
.
1561. , , ,
.
1562. .
1563. 2 3, ,
, 4 .
1564. ) ; ) .
1565.
,
, .
1566.
. .
1567. d=0,5 ; =590 ; n=1,48
2dn=m
m=
, m .
4dn
4 0,5 106 1,48
; m=
=5 . ,
590 10 9
. ,
, .
1568. n=1,54; =750 ; ) ; ) . dmin ?
) 2 ndmin=m
; m=1 .
2
=122 ();
4n
=244 ().
) m=2; dmin=
2n
dmin=
1569. d=2 . ) =760 ; ) =600 ; ) =400 .

) d=m
) m=
) m=
2d
2 2 106
; m=
. m=
5 ;
2
0,76 10 6
2 2 106
0,6 10 6
2 2 106
0,4 10 6
7 ;
=10 .
1570. d=1,2 ; =600 . ) n=1; ) n=1,33; ) n=1,5;
287
) nd=m
) m=
) m=
2 1,2 106 1
2d n
; m=
; m=
=4 ;
2
0,6 10 6
2 1,2 106 1,33

0,6 10 6
2 1,2 106 15
,
0,6 10 6
5 ;
=6 .
1571. 0=480 ; d=120 ; S=3,6 ; 1=650 . d0 ? d1 ?

d=
S
S
S
; d0= 0 ; d1= 1 .
d
d
d
480 109 3,6
d0=
120 10
=14,4 (); d1=
650 10 9 3,6
120 10 6
=19,5 ().
1572. d=0,32 ; S=3,2 ; =760 ; =400 .

? m=2.
=12, 1=
=
2 3,2
0,32 10 3
mS
mS
m S
; 2=
; =
();
d
d
d
(760400)109=7,2103 ().
1573. =5107 ; S=4 ; =2 ; d ?

d=
5 107 4
S
; d=
=104 ().
x
2 10 2
1574. =520 ; l=4 ; N=8,5; S=2,75. d ?

=
d=
l
.
N
S NS
8,5 520 10 9 2 ,75
=
. d=
=3104 ().
l
x
4 10 2
1575. d=0,02 ; =400 ; =600 . S=2 ; k.

k ? ?
=
400 109 2
k S
=k
=0,04 k ().
d
0,02 10 3
0,6 106 2
k S
=k
=0,06 k ().
d
0,02 10 3
=: 0,04k=0,06k,
k=3m, k=2m, m .
12 , 24 , 36 . .
1576. l, D>>l, . x?
288
: d2d1=k.
l 2 2
) +D
2
l
d22=(x )2+D2;
2
d12=(x
d12d22=(d1d2)(d1+d2)k2D.
. . D>>l, (d1+d22D).
d12d22=l2x;
2kD=2lx;
k=1,
=
D
.
l
1577. =180; d1=d2=d; AO=a; . x ?

S b, SSS4
, , . . 180.
S S4
=
d
=2bsin 2b =b, d=2b,
2
2
2
D
(. 1576), D=a+b S1
d
S2 MN.
, =
( a + b )
.
2b
1578.
.
1579. =1 ; b=4 ; =0,002 ; n=1,5; =600 ; ?
( a + b )
; d S1 S2.
d
d
.
S1S2=d; SS1=SS2=
2
d
+atg=a(ntg), d=2(n1)tg2(n1).
S1S2=
2
( ,
).
=
600 109 ( 1 + 4 )
( a + b )
; =
=15103 ().
2 1 ( 15
, 1 ) 0,002
1a( n 1 )
1580. =600 ; d=1 ; S=3 ; m=1, 2, 3. 1 ? 2 ? 3 ?

=
2S
3S
600 109 3
S
S
; 1=
; 2=
=21; 3=
=31; 1=
=1,8 ();
d
d
d
d
10 3
2=3,6 ();
289
3=5,4 ().
1581. R=8,6 ; m=4; r4=4,5 . ?
:
rm= mR ; =
rm2
( 4 ,5 103 )2
; =
=589 ().
mR
4 8,6
1582. =600 ; m=4; d ?

: 2d=m;
d=
m
4
; d= 600109=1,2 ().
2
2
1583. r=5,3 ; R=18 ; =450 ; n=1,36. m ? rn ?

.
rm = ( 2 m 1 ) R
2r 2
2 ( 5,3 103 )2
; (2m1)= m (2m1)=
=6,94;
2
r
18 450 10 9
m=7,94.
m=3,964 , m4 .

5,3
rn=
1,36
1584.
=4,5 ().
r2
1
=
.n?
r1 1,25

r1= mR .

r2= m
r2
r2
R ; 12 =1,252=1,5625; 12 =n, n=1,5625.

n
r2
r2
1585. R=15 ; m1=5; m2=25; d=9 . ?

rm = ( 2 m 1 )
R
;
2
d=rm2rm1= ( 2m2 1 )
=
R 3
R =4
R;
R ( 2m1 1 ) R =7
2
2
2
2
2
( d )2
( 9 103 )2
. =
=675 ().
8 15
8R
1586. rm=4,0 ; rm+1=4,38 ; R=6,4 . m ? x ?

rm= mR ;
290
rm +1 2 m + 1
1
1
1
)=
=1+ ; m=
; m=
5.
r
4
,
38
m
m
rm
(
)2 1
( m + 1 )2 1
rm
rm2
mR
; =
4 ,0
3 2
( 4 10 )
=500 ().
5 6,4
5 6 .
1587. R=5 ; mc=4; =400 ; m=3; =630 . rc ? r ?
rm= mR .

r= 4 400 109 5 =2,8103 ();
r= 3 630 109 5 =3,07103 ().
1588. : : 20 20.
=582 ; =20; n=1,5. N ?
(.. ) 2dn=N, d
, d =atg, =1 .
N=
N=
2arctg
;
2 102 15
, tg 20
582 10 9
5 ().
1589. S=20 ; =750 ; N=8 /.

, . . n=1.
d , :
2dn=N, N=NS
d=
8 20 750 109
N NS
=
; d=
=6105 ().
2
2
2n
1590. 1=631 ; d1=3 ; 2=400 . d2 ?;. 2nd=m;

2d1=
m1
m 2
400
; 2d2=
; d2= 2 d; d2=
3=1,9 ().
n
n
631
1
1591. =546 ; d=2 ; m=5; n=1,33. ?

2ndtg=m;
tg=
m
m
5 5,46 10 9
; =arctg
; =arctg
=11.
2 n d
2 n d
2 1,33 2 10 2
1592. (
104104 ), (400750 )
.
1593.
, ,
.
291
1594. .
1595. .
1596. .
1597. - .
1598. , ,
, .
1599. , ,
, .
1600.
,
, .
.
1601. , ,
.
1602. .
1603. , , . ,
, .
1604. .
1605. d=0,02 ; =3,6 ; S=1,8 ; ?
dsin=m; sintg=
3,6 102
x
x
. m=1; =d
. =0,02103
=4107 ().
18
,
S
S
1606. N=125 (/); S=2,5 ; =420 ; m=1. ?

=
mS
=mSN; x=4201092,5125103=0,13 ().
d
1607. d=0,004 ; =687 . m=2; ?

dsin=m; sin=
m
m
2 687 109
; =arcsin
; =arcsin
20.
d
d
0,004 10 3
1608. =656 ; m=2; =15. d ?

d=
m
2 656 109
; d=
=5106 ().
sin
sin 15
1609. =627 ; =39,6 ; S=120 . d ?

dsin=m; m=1; d=
d=
m
x
1+ (
m
tg
x
; tg=
; sin=
;
sin
S
1 + tg 2
x 2 mS
) =
x
S
1+ (
x 2
) ;
S
d=
1 627 109 120 102

39 ,6 10 2
1+ (
39 ,6 2
) =0,002 ().
120
1610. =546,1 ; m=1; =198. N ?
292
dsin=m; d=
546,1 109
; d=
=0,0017 ().
sin
sin 198
1
1
=
=600 (/).
d 0,0017
N=
1611. =700 ; m=2; =30. d ? N ?

d=
m
2 700 109
; d=
=2,8106 ()=0,0028 ().
sin
sin 30
N=
1
1
; N=
=357 (1).
0,0028
d
1612. =589 ; d=2 . mmax ?

dsin=m; d=mmax;
mmax=
d
2 106
; mmax=
3.
589 10 9
1613. N=500 1; =500 ; =90. mmax ?

dsin=mmax; mmax=
d
1
1
; mmax=
; mmax=
=4.
9
xN
500 10 500 103
1614. N=500 1; =720 . mmax ?
m
1.
d
d
1
1
; mmax
=2,77.
mmax =
3
xN
500 10 500 10 9
sin=
mmax=2.
1615. 1=0,38 ; 2=0,76 ; S=3 ; d=0,01 . d ?
d=d2d1
d sin 1 = m1
d
d
, m=1; sin1tg1= 1 , sin2= 2 .
d
sin
=
S
S
2
2
d1
= 1
S
d1
= 2
S
d=d2d1=
S
3
(21); d=
(0,760,38)106=0,144 ().
d
0,01 10 3
1616. 1=500; m1=3; 1=1012; m2=2; 2=618.

dsin1=m11; dsin2=m22;
2=
d sin 2
.
m2
293
d=
3 590 109 sin 618

m11
m sin 2
; 2= 1 1
; 2=
=550 ().
sin 1012
m2 sin 1
sin 1
2
1617. 1=589 ; m1=1; 1=178; m2=2; 2=2412. 2 ? N ?

dsin1=m11; d=
N=
m11
589 109
; d=
=2106 ().
sin 1782
sin 1
1
1
=
103=500 (/).
d 2 10 6
d sin 2
2 106 sin 24128
=2; 2=
=410 ().
m2
2
1618. m1=2; m2=3; 1=700 ; 1=2=. 2 ?
dsin=m11; dsin=m22; m11=m22; 2=
2=
m1
1
m2
2
700 109=467 ().
3
1619. d=2; 1=500 ; 2=600 .

: m11=m22;
1) m1=2; m2=1;
25001600 ().
1- 2- .
2) m1=3; m2=2;
35002600 ().
.
5) m1=6; m2=5;
6500=5600 ().
6- 5- .
.
6) m1=7; m2=6;
7500<6600 ().
1620. , , , ,
, .
1621. .
1622. , ,
.
1623. .
1624.
, , ,
.
1625. .
1626. , .
294
1627. , ,
.
1628. ), ) ; ), ) .
1629. ) .
) .
) .
) ( ).
1630. 1>2.
1631. .
1632. , .
1633. .
1634.
,
.
1635.

, .
1636. , ,
.
, .
1637. .
1638. .
1639. (
, ).
1640. , ,
. .
1641. . .
1642. ,
.
1643. ,
.
1644. . ,
.
295
1645. .
1646. .
1647. .
1648. U=30, 40, 50 . ?
eU=h=h
=
, e .

hc
.
eU
(1)=
hc 6,62 10 34 3 108
=
=0,411010 ()=0,41 .
eU 1 1,6 10 19 30 103
(2)=0,31;
(3)=0,31.
1649. U=23 ; 2=21. ?
eU1=h
1
1
h
c
c
hc
; eU2= h
=
; e(U1U2)=hc(
)=
;
1
2
2 1
1 21 21
U=U1U2; 1=
6,62 1034 3 108

hc
; 1=
=0,27().
2eU
2 1,6 1019 23 103
1650. =1,6 ; U ?
eU=
6,62 1034 3 108

hc
hc
; U=
; U=
=7,76105=776 ().
e
1,6 1019 1,6 1012
1651. U=60; min=20,6 . h ?

eU=
eU min
1,6 1019 60 103 20,6 1012
hc
; h=
; h=
=6,591034 ().
min
c
3 108
1652. ) ; ) .
1653. , . . ,
,
,
.
1654. 1) 50 /.
2) , ,
. .
3) .
1655. q
.
c
u+v
c
1656. n= ; u=
; u=
=
vu
u
u
1+ 2
c
c( 1 +
vu
c
u+v
)
=
1+
1
n
u = u+ .
1 + u
295
1657. v=2105 /. v ?.
: v=2105 /, ,
2105 /. vr=2v;
vp=
2v
1+
v=vv=2v(1
1+
)=
v3
c2
1+
32 1010 2 / 2
23 1015 3 / 3
1+
10
10
2 10 /
3 10 /
1,2310 /.
1658. v=1,5108 /; u=2,5108 /. u?
u=
u v
1
u v
c
2 ,5 108 / 15
, 108 /
( 0 ,8 ) c
1+
16
3 10 /
2 0,8
1659. v=
1,5 10 / 2 ,5 10 /
1,7108/.
=0,98 c.
1660. .
1661. ) , .. II III .
) , , II-III,
I, .
1662. , ,
, , , .
1663. .
1664. ) ; ) ; ) .

l v
, l .
2c
1665. l0=1; v=0,6 . l ?

l=l0 1
v2
c2
=1 1
1666. t3 =
t p.
2
V
1 2
c
( 0,6 )2 c 2 70 .
c2
10
0,992
1 2
1
71 .
1667. t=1 r; ) =3000 /; ) v=10 000 /; ) v=250 000 /. r ?

r=t 1
v2
c2
; ) r=1r 1
296
3000 2 / c 2
300000 2 / c 2
1 r;
1010 2 / c 2
) r=1r 1
0,94 r; ) r=1r 1
3 1010 2 / c 2
2 ,52 1010 2 / c 2
32 1010 2 / c 2
0,55 r.
1668. l=5 ; r=2,2110-6 . v ?
l
=
v
r
1
=
v
2 ,212 c 2 10 12 c 2 +
6
5
2
10
2,97105 /.
2
2
3 10 / c
1669. r=2,2110 c; v=0,99 ;
vr
l=
=
v
0,99 3 105 / c 2 ,21 106 c

2
0 ,99 c
c
5 .
- .
1670.
1
t =
r
1
R
+t+t
c
2r
1
R(
1 1
+ )tc,
v c
R .
1671.
=
2
vr0
1
; v=
v
4r0 2 + T 2
4
. ?
5
4
4
4
mv
mc
=
= mc= 9,110313108 /=3,64102 /.
=
2
2
2
5
3
3
u c
v
1 2
1 2
1672. v=
1673. m=1r=10 . ?
=mc2=103 321016 2/2=91013 .
1674. v=
4
c. ?
5
1)
=
mv 2 8mc 2 8 9 ,1 10 31 32 1016 2 / c 2
=
=
=2,61014 .
25
25
2
297
2)
=
mc 2
1
mc2=
9 ,1 10 31 32 1016 2 / c 2
(
c)
9,11031371016 2/2=5,461014 .
1 5 2
c
mc
1675. mc2=
mc2; 2=
; v=
v
3
c0,87 .
2
1676. 00,51 U?
eU=10; U=
10 0,51
=
=0,51 .
1677. =7,01010=1,12108. v ?
=
mc 2
1
mc2; v=c 1 (
mc 2
+ mc 2
)2
,
0=mc2=1,5031010 .
v=c 1 (
1 (
0
)2 =3108/
+ 0
1,503 10 10
112
, 10 8 + 1503
, 10 10
)2 2,999108 /.
m
=104%; t1=0; t2=3300; =120/.
m
m c mt c
=
= 2 t2.
m
c
mc 2
120
m
m
=
=4,41010 %<<104 %,
3300=4,41012
m ( 3 108 )2
m
1678.
.
1679. =1010; d=0,01 ; =3
298
.
m
m=
, =
qU
.
2
qU ECdU d 2 E 2C
d 2 E 2C
=
=
=
; m=
2
2
2
2c2
m=
( 0,01 )2 ( 3 106 )2 1010

2 ( 3 108 )2
=51017 ()
.
1680. =3108 /; =0,72 =0,72106 . ?
: =h, h=6,621034 , =
3 108
c
34
=h . =6,6210 0,72 106 =2,761019 ().
c
.
1681. =51014 . ? m ?
: =mc. =mc2. =
=
m=
E
; =h.
C
6,62 1034 5 1014

h
p h
. m= = 2 . =
=1,11027 (/)
c c
c
3 108
6,62 1034 5 1014
3,681036 ().
( 3 108 )2
1682. =600 =600109 =6107 .

: =mc=
=h=h
m=
E
, =mc2 .
c
6,62 1034
h
c
. p= . p=
=1,11027 (/)
6 10 7
p
11
, 1027
; m=
3 108
c
=3,71036 ().
1683. ) =700 ; ) =25 ; ) =1,24 . m ?

: m=
) m=
) m=
E
c2
h
c2
6,62 1034
3 108 700 10 9
6 ,62 10 34
3 10 8 25 10 12
h c h
.
=
c 2 c
=3,21036 ();
=8,81032 ();
299
6 ,62 10 34
) m=
3 10 8 1,24 10 12
m=9,11031 .
h
(. 1683).
c
: m=
6,62 1034
m=
=1,81030 (). 1684. =6105 =6107 ;
3 10 6 10
=3,71036 (); N
me
9 ,1 1031
; N=
=2,5105 ().
m
3,7 10 36
1685. =1,6 . ? m? ?
: =h=h
6,62 1034
=6,621034
=
h
h
c
; m=
; =mc= .
3 108 1,6 1012
6,62 1034
1,6 1012
=1,381030 ().
=4,141022 (/).
1686. =520 ; =; =. v ?
: ) =. =
ve=
h
h
, =meve. = meve.
6,62 1034
520 10
9 ,1 10
)=. =h
ve=
31
=1,410+3 (/);
2hc
m v 2 h me ve 2
c
; = e e .
=
; ve=
;
2
2
me
c
2 6,62 1034 3 108

520 10
9 ,1 10
31
=9,2105 (/).
1687. t=20C. =. m ?
: =mv, m=
3RT
, v=
NA
( ) , =2103 /
, N=61023 1 , =8,31
/ , =t+273.

=
m=
NA
3R( t + 273 )
3R( t + 273 )
=
; =m=.
NA
3R( t + 273 )
3 8,31 293 2 103
. m=
=2,11032 ().
cN A
3 108 6 1023
300
1688. N=50, t=1, =500 . ?
c
.
E
hc
=
, =
.
t
t
: =h
=N=
6,62 1034 3 108 50

hcN
. =
=21017 ().
t
500 10 9 1
1689. =125 , 1=612,3 1=0,02

2=579,1 2=0,04; 3=546,1 3=0,04
4=404,7 4=0,029; 5=365,5 5=0,025
6=253,7 1=0,04
N?
: =t .
==t , .
N1=
E1
c
, h

E
1
1. N1=
N1=
0,02 0,8 125 1

6,62 10 34 3 10 8
0,02 Pt
1.
hc
612,3109=6,171018 (/).
:
N2=
N3=
N4=
N5=
N6=
0,04 0,8 125

6,62 10 34 3 108
0,04 0,8 125
6,62 10 34 3 108
0,029 0,8 125
6,62 10 34 3 108
0,025 0,8 125
6,62 10 34 3 108
0,04 0,8 125
6,62 10 34 3 108
529,1109=1,171019 (/).
546,1109=1,11019 (/).
404,7109=5,91018 (/).
365,5109=4,61018 (/).
253,7109=5,111018 (/).
1690. U=50, J=2, N=51013 1, =0,1 . ?

: =

. =JU.

=N, =
E
t
hc
.
t
301
6,62 1034 3 108 5 1013

hcN
; =
=9,93104=0,99103
tJU
0,1 10 9 1 2 10 3 50 103
=0,99103100%0,1%.
1691. m=1460 , =104 , t=24 r. v?
: =,
=mv .
=
E Pt
=
, .
c
c
Pt
Pt
104 24 60 60
=mv, v=
; v=
=1,98103 (/).
c
cm
3 108 1460
1692. ,
, ,
,
.
min, . . ().

.
min,
, . ,
>min .
1693.
,
.
, .
,
.
1694. ) , ,
, . ,
,
.
) ,
, ,
.
)
, (
) .
) ,
. , .
, ,

, : ) ; ) .
1695. =2. =2. ?
302
: =+ . =2+2=4 ().
1696. 1=530 . ?; : =h0=h
=6,621034
3 108
530 10 9
c
.
0
=3,751019 ().
1697. =4,76 . 0 ?
= h
c
6,62 1034 3 108
hc
; 0=
, 0=
=2,6107 ()=260 ().
A
0
4 ,76 1,6 1019
1698. ) (Li)=2,38 ; ) (Na)=2,35 ; ) (K)=2,2 ;

)(s)=1,81 . 0 ?
0=
hc
A
6,62 10 34 3 10 8
) 0(Li)=
2 ,38 1,6 10 19
6,62 1034 3 108
) 0(Na)=
) 0(K)=
2 ,35 1,6 1019

6,62 1034 3 108
=5,28107 ()=528 ();

=5,64107 ()=564 ();
2 ,2 1,6 1019
6,62 1034 3 108
) 0(Cs)=
=5,22107 ()=522 ();
181
, 1,6 1019
=6,86107 ()=686 ().
1699. (Ag)=4,53 . ,
?
: 1=400 2=700 .
(1)=
(1)=
hc
1
6,62 1034 3 108
=3,1 () < (Hg)=4,53 ();
400 10
1,6 1019
hc hc
(2)=
<
=(1)=3,1 (), .. 2>1.
2 1
9
(2)<(1)<(Hg), .
1700. (Cd)=4,08 . vmax=7,2105 /.
v?
h=+
2
me vmax
, m=9,11031 .
2
303
=
=
1
m v2
(+ e max )
2
h
1
6,62 10
34
(4,081,61019+
1
9,11031(7,2105)2)=1,341015 ()
2
1701. =345 . =2,26 . (max) ?

h=+(max);
(max)=h
c
.
(max)=2,261,61019
6,62 1034 3 108

345 10 9
=2,141019 ().
1702. =317 ; max=2,841019 ().

(Rb) ? (Rb) ?
h=(Rb)+max; (Rb)=h
(Rb)=
Rb=
6,62 1034 3 108

317 10 9
6,62 10 34 3 10 8
3,42 10 19
c
Rb
; Rb=
hc
( Rb )
2?841019=3,421019 ().
=5,81107 ()=581 ().
1703. max(K)=450 ; =300 . v ?

h=()+
c
mv 2
; ()=h
.
2
max( K )
1
mv 2
2hc
1
=hc(
). v=
m
2
max( K )
v=
2 6,62 1034 3 108

9 ,1 10
31
1
1
;
max( K )
1
300 10
1
450 10 9
1704. 0=275 ; =180 . ? max ? vmax ?

: =h
max=h
c
c
; h=+max=h
+max;
0
0
c
c
1 1
=hc(
).
h
0
2
mvmax
2Emax
2hc 1 1
(
).
=max; vmax=
=
m
m 0
2
304
=6,96105 (/).
6,62 1034 3 108

275 1019
max=6,6210343108(
vmax=
=7,221019 ().
1
180 10
2 6,62 1034 3 108

9 ,1 10
31
1
275 10 9
1
180 10
)=3,811019 ().
1
275 10 9
=9,15105 (/).
1705. =4,9 ; =4,5 . max ?

:
max=mvmax =+
vmax=
2
mvmax
;
2
2( )
m
; pmax= 2m( ) .
max= 9 ,1 1031( 4 ,9 4 ,5 ) 1,6 1019 =3,411025 (/).

1706. =200 ; =4,5 . U?
: eU=
mv 2
= ,
2
mv 2
=+.
2
1 c
c
=h .; U= = (h ).
e
e
, =
U=
1
1,6 1019
6,62 1034 3 108

200 10 9
4,51,61019)=1,7 ().
1707. 0=275 ; =175 . U ?

h=+
U=
U=
mv 2 mv 2
;
=eU;
2
2
1 mv 2 1
1
1 1
= (h)= hc(
).
0
e 2
e
e
1
1
-34
8
1,6 1019
6,6210 310 (
17 10 9
275 10 9
)=2,58 ().
1708. =210 ; U=2,7 . ?
mv 2 mv 2
;
=eU=h ;
2
2
c
=heU=h eU.
h= +
305
6,62 1034 3 108

210 10 9
1,610192,7=5,141019 ().
1709. 0=61014 ; U=3. ? ?

h=h0+; =
mv 2
eU
=U; h=h0+eU; =h0. =0+
;
h
2
=6,62103461014=3,971019 ()
=61014+
1,6 1019 3
6,62 10 39
=1,331015 ().
1710. U=0,8 , (PG)=5,3 . max ? ?

h=(Pt) + ; =eU.
h
=(Pt)+eU; =
max=
6,62 10
34
hc
( Pt ) + eU
3 108
5,3 1,6 1019
hc
;

=2,34107 ()=234 ();
6,62 1034 3 108
; max=
5,3 1,6 1019 + 1,6 1019 0,8
=2,03107 ()=203 ().
1711. Umin=1,7 .
1712. (Li)=2,48 . U3() ? h ?
, ()
, (1014)
U, ()
=
253,6
11,8
2,4
313,2
9,6
1,5
366,3
8,2
0,9
435,8
6,9
0,35
1
c
. h= +eU; h= ( +eU).
=11,81014 (U=2,4)
h=
1
11,8 1014
(2,481,61019+2,41,61019)=6,6171034 ().
1713. 1=1,21015 ; U1=3,1 ; 2=125 ; U2=8,1 . h ?
h1 = A + eU 1 ,
c
h = A + eU 2 .
2
c
)=e(U1U2).
h(1
2
306
577,0
5,2
0
h=
e( U 1 U 2 )
1
; h=
1,6 10 19 ( 31
, 8,1 )
15
1,2 10
3 10
1,25 10
=6,67 ().
1714. , . , ,
,

h
, .
, ,
( 1)
,
h
h 2h
.
( )=
,
, , . .
. , ,
. . , .
1715. S=1 2; N=105; t=1 , =500 ; R=0 .
J
J
(1+R)=
.
C
C
h N
J=
.
S t
=
hN
6,62 10 34 10 5
; =
=1,3241022 (/2).
St
5 10 7
1716. S=1 2; t=1 c; N=105; =500 ; R=1.

=
=
hN
hN
J
(1+R)=
(1+R)=
(1+R).
cSt
St
C
6,62 1034 105
5 10 7
2=2,6481022 (/2).
1717. m=1460 ; F=FT, R=1.

J=1,4103 /2.
S?
F=S .
S=
F F
J
=
; = (1+R).
p
p
C
FT=G
S=
mM
( R + h )
C
J(1 + R )
6,67 1011 1460 1,98 1030 3 108

( 6,95 108 + 1,49 1011 )2 1,4 103 2
=0,92 (2).
1718. .
307
n=1: =61015 ; =1,71016 .

n=2: =7,51014 ; =1,31015 .
1719. ,
.
1720. , .
1721. .
1722. v2=1,9107 /; m=6,61027 ; q=3,21019 ; q=1,31017 .
rmin ?
-
m v2
. -
2
, ,

U=k
rmin=
q q Au
m v2
q q
. =U1 2 2 =k Au .
rmin
rmin
2
2q q Au k
m v2
. rmin=
2 3,2 1019 1,3 1017 9 109

6,6 10 27 ( 1,9 107 )2
=3,11014 ().
1723. ,
2- , . 2- 1-
, . 3-
1- , .
,
.
1724. n1=1, n2=2. ?

R(
1
n12
1
2
n2
, R=1,1 1017 1 .
n1 , , n2 ,
.
=
1
1
c
1 1
. =R ( 2 2 ) . =31081,1107 ( )=2,4751015 ().
1 4
n1 n2
1725. =13,56 .
1726. =1,892 . ?
=h
c
hc
. =
E
308
6,62 1034 3 108

1,892 1,6 1019
=6,56107 ()=656 ()
, .. .
1727. n1=2; n2=4, R=1,1107 1. ?
R(
1
2
n1
1
2
n2
; =
1
7
, 10 (
11
1
2
1
4
=4,85107 ()=485 ().
- .
1728. 21=3,2781019 . ?
21=h
=
c
hc
. =
.
E2 E1
6,62 1034 3 108

3,278 1019
=6,06107=606 () .
1729. =4,9 . ?
=h
14 1,6 1019
c
hc
. =
. =
=3,381015 ().
E
6,62 10 34
1730. E
= hV; V =
E E e 14 1,6 1019
=
=
= 3,4 1015 .
6,62 10 34 c
h
h
1731. 1=21,6 ; 2=41; 3=64 .

min=25 .
= h
1
3 108
c
. =6,621034
=49,7 ().
25 10 9 1,6 1019
>1, >2, <3.

, .
1732. =1010 ; =24,5 ; 0()=0. ve ?

=
mve2
mve2
.
0()=
2
2

=, =h=h
c
.
mve2
c
2 c
= h E.; v=
( h E ) .
m
2
v=
2
9 ,1 10
31
( 6,62 10 34
3 108
10
10
24 ,5 1,6 1019 ) =6,6107 (/).
309
1733. .
1734.
, -,
, , .
1735. .
1736. .
1737. - 2- .
1738.
24
12 Mg
25
12 Mg
26
12 Mg
Np ? Nn ?
24
12 Mg
25
12 Mg
26
12 Mg
1739.
: Np =12; Nn=24 Np=2412=12;

: Np =12; Nn=24 Np=2512=13;
: Np =12; Nn=24 Np=2612=14.
8
3
Li .
-:
-:
8
8
0
3 Li 1 e + 4 Be ;
8
4
4
4 Be 2 He + 2 He
1740. 239
92 U .
239
0
-: 239
92 U 1 e + 92 Np ;
234
0
-: 239
92 Np 1 e + 94 Pu ;
4
235
-: 234
94 Pu 2 He + 92 U .
1741. 234
90 Th .
3 -:
1)
2)
234
4
230
90 Th 2 He + 88 Ra ;
230
222
4
88 Ra 2 He + 84 Po .
1742.
210
81Tl
3 -:
1)
2)
3)
210
210
0
81Tl 1 e + 82 Pb ;
210
210
0
82 Pb 1 e + 83 Bi ;
210
210
0
83 Bi 1 e + 84 Po ;
-:
210
4
84 Po 2 He
1743. 238
92 U .
310
+ 206
82 Pb .
3 -:
1)
2)
3)
238
4
234
92 U 2 He + 90 Th ;
234
4
230
90 Th 2 He + 88 Ra ;
230
226
4
88 Ra 2 He + 86 Rn ;
2 -: 1)
2)
226
87 Fr
226
86 Rn
10e + 226
87 Fr ;
10e + 226
88 Ra .
1744. -:
232
4
90Th 2 He
+ 226
88 Ra ;
2 -:
226
228
0
88 Ra 1 e + 89 Ac ;
228
0
2) 228
89 Ac 1 e + 90 Th ;
4
224
-: 228
90Th 2 He + 88 Ka .
1745. -: 10 e + 211
83 Bi .
211
= 82 Pb .
-: Y 24 He + 211
82 Pb .
Y= 215
84 Po .
1746. -: 24 He + 216
84 Po .
220
= 86 Rn .
Y 24 He + 220
88 Rn .
Y= 224
88 Ra .
1)
1747. t=
T N( p)
.
?
2
N0
N=N0 2
N
N0
=2
N(p)=1
T
2T
1
2
=2
1
2
1
2
; N=
1
2
t
T
N0.
=0,29.
1748. t 1 , =71 .
N
?
N0
311
N= N0 2
t
T
. t=30 .
30
71
30
t
T
N
N
= 2 71 =0,746
=74,6%.
N0
N0
N
1749. t=8 . N1= 0 .
4
N=N0 2
N1=N0 2
N0
1
8
=N0 2 T . = 2 T .
=2.
4
T
4
T=4.
58
27 Co
1750.
N 1( p )
N 1( 0 )
60
27 Co
: t1=20 , 1=72 .
: 2=5,3 ;
N 2( p )
N 2( 0 )
N 1( p )
N 1( 0 )
t2 ?
1) N1=N0(1) 2
N 1( p )
N 1( 0 )
2)
=1 2
N 2( p )
N 2( 0 )
t1
T1
t
1
T1
. N1(p)=N1(0)N1=N1(0)(1 2
t1
T1
).
N 1( p )
; 1 2
N 1( 0 )
t2
T2
=1 2
t1
T1
t2 t1
T
= . t2=t1 2 .
T2 T1
T1
:
N1( p )
N1( 0 )
t2=20
=1 2
20
72
=0,175 17,5%
5,3
=1,5 ().
72
1751. t=1 , N0=106; TRn=3,3105 c.

N(p)=N0N0 2
N(p)=106(1 2
1752.
131
53 J
t1
TRn
24 6060
3,310 5
133
53 J
312
)=1?67105 .
135
53 J
. 1=8 , 2=20 ., 3=7 . t=1 .
N1( p )
N 2( p )
N1( 0 )
N=N0 2
N1( p )
N 2( 0 )
N 2( p )
N 2( 0 )
N 3( 0 )
t
T
. N(p)=N0N0 2
=1 2
N1( 0 )
N 3( p )
=1 2
30
8
t
T
=0,93 93%;
3024
20
1;
N 3( p )
N 3( 0 )
=1 2
3024
7
1.
90
Sr ) =1=28 , T ( 137
1753. T ( 38
55Cs ) =2=30 ,
N
N0
1
10
t1 ? t2 ?
N=N0 2
t
T
N
N0
=2
t
T
t1
t1
T1
=10 ; 2
2
t1
=log210.
T1
T1
=10
t1=T1log210=283,33=93,3 ()
t2=T23,33=303,33=100 ().
1754. .. ,
, -
.
1755. - -.
1756. =24, U=20. N ?
, ,
N, (. 245).
, ,
:
N=
Q
e
CU
24 10 12 20
. N=
=3109 ( ).
e
1,6 10 19
1757. R (. 245),
, .
1758.
.
1759. , ,
. , ,
, , .
313
1760. ( . 1759).
,
.
, .
1761. - -,
-
. - ,
. , , .
1762. ,
. ,
.
1763. ( ), ,
, ( ).
,

, .
1765. ,
, . . , . . mc=12 a..
<m0=a...
1766. ,

, , .
, .
1767.
4
7
2 He ; 3 Li
27
13 Al
. ?
=Zmp+(AZ)m , Z ,
, .
m=1,00866 a...
mp=1,00783 a... .
1)
4
2 He
. He=4,0026 a...
=21,00783+(42)1,008664,0026=0,03038 (a...)
=0, 0=931 .
=0.
=9310,03038=28,28 ().
2) 37 Li : Z=3 A=7.
Li=7,01601 a...
=31,00783+(73)1,008667,01601=0,04212 (a...).
=9310,04212=39,2 ().
3)
27
13 Al
; Z=13; =27, Al=26,98146.
=131,00783+(2713)1,0086626,98146=0,24157.
=0,24157931=224,9 ().
314
1768. 13 H : 23 He . ?
3
1H
: Z=1, =3. =3,01605
=Zmp+(AZ)m.
=1,00783_(31)1,01605=0,0091(a...)
()=9310,0091=8,47 ().
3
2 He :
Z=2; A=3:
3
2 He
=3,01602 (a...)
(He)=21,00783+1,008663,01602=0,0083 (a...)
3 =9310,0083=7,72 ()
2
..
He
( 3H ) 8,47 7,72 ( 3He )

1
2
=
>
=
A( 3He )
A( 3H )
3
3
1
[/],
13 H . (

1769.
3
2 He ).
2
1 H .
13 H ,
Z=1, =2, 2 H =2,0141

1
M 2 H =(1,00783+1,008662,0141)=0,00239 (. . .)
1
:
1770.
7
3 Li
14
7N
E 931 0,00239
=
=1,11 (/).
A
2
16
27
8 O 13 Al
40
20 Ca
63
113
29 Cu , 48 Cd
200
80 Hg
238
92 U
E
() ?
A
=0; =Zmp+(A+Z)mn.

7
3 Li
: =0.
=931(31,00783+(73)1,008667,01601)=39,2 ().
39 ,2
=
=5,6 (/).
7
14
7N
16
8O
27
13 Al
200
40
63
113
238
20 Ca 29 Cu 48 Cd 80 Hg 92 U
7,23
E
(/)
A
7,71
8,33
5,8
0,36
12,6
5,0
7,65
315
1771.
1772.
4
4
14
1
5 B + 2 He 7 N + 0 n .
27
4
30
1
13 Al + 2 He 15 P + 0 n ;
:
36
1
56
1
26 Fe + 0 n = 25 Mn + 1 H
56
36
2) 25
Mn 26
Fe + 10e .
1
1774. 1) 105 B + 24 He = 13
7 N + 0n ;
13
0
2) 13
7 N 8 O + 1e .
1773. 1)
30
15 P
30
Si + 10e .
14
11
1
4
5 B + 1 H 3 2 He .
1776. 1) 147 N +? 178 O + 11H ; ZA X : =(17+1)14=4, Z=(8+1)7=2.
A
4
Z X = 2 He ;
A
2) 147 N +? 15
8 O +; Z X : =1514=1, Z=87=1.
A
1
Z X = 1H ;
3) 147 N +? 54 B + 24 He ; ZA X : =(11+4)14=1, Z=(3+2)7=0.
A
1
Z X = 0n .
27
27
24
24
1777. 1) 13
Al (n, 2) X: 13
Al + 01n = 24 He + 11
Na . = 11
Na .
55
55
55
1
1
55
1
2) 25 Mn (x, n) 26 Fe : 25 Mn + 1 H = 0 n + 26 Fe ; = 1 H .
3) 147 N + 01n = 11H + 146 C , = 11H ; 147 N (n; x) 146 C ;
4) 199 Fe (p, x) 168 O : 199 Fe + 11 p = 24 He + 168 O ; = 24 He ;
27
27
30
30
5) 13
Ac (; ) : 13
Al + 24 He = 11 p + 14
Si ; = 14
Si ;
24
25
1
4
24
25
6) (; ) 11 Na : 12 Mg + 1 p = 2 He + 11 Na ; = 12 Mg .
1778. 1) 147 N + 24 He = 11H + 178 O .
1775.
=||0=931|| ().
=1+2(3+4).
14 =14,0037 (. . .), 4
7
He
=4,0026 (. . .);
( 1H ) =1,00783+4,0026(1,00783+16,99913)=0,00129 (. . .);
1
=0,00129931=1,2 ();
9
2
4 Be + 1 H
2)
= 105 B + 01n .
9 Be =9,01219 (. . .), 2 H =2,0141 (. . .),

4
316
10 B =10,01294 (. . .), 1 n =1,00866 (. . .).

5
1), =4,35 ()
3) =15 ; 4) =17,3 .
1779.
10
5B
+ 11H = 48 Be + 24 He
4
2 He
8
4 Be .
=931 () ().
11 B =11,0093 (. . .) 1 H =1,00783 (. . .)
5
8 He =8,02168 (. . .) ( 4He ) =4,0026 (. . .).

4
=11,0093+1,00783(8,02168+4,0026)=0,00715 (. . .).
=0,00715931=6,66 ().
1780.
7
3 Li
+ 11H = 24 He + 24 He
7 Li =7,016 (. . .); ( 1H ) =1,00783 (. . .)

3
( 4He ) =4,0026 (. . .).

2
=7,016+1,0078324,0026=0,01863 (. . .).
=931 ||; =9310,01863=17,34 ()
=17,34106 =2,781012 ().
=2
m2 v 2
E
. v=
.
2
m
2 ,78 10 12
v=
4 ,0026 1,66 10 27
=2,05107 (/).
1781. r=1012 . U ?
U=k
q2
( 1,6 1019 )2
; U=9109
=2,31014 ()=0,84 ().
r
1012 10 2
1782. 11 H : W =0,14 . ?
W =
=
2W
3
kT; =
.
3k
2
2 0,14 106 1,6 10 19

3 1,38 10 23
=1,1109 ().
1783. 1) 12 H + 12 H 11H + 13 H
( 1H ) =1,00783 (. . .);
1
( 2H ) =2,01410 (. . .);
1
( 3H ) =3,01543 (. . .)
1
317
=931=931(22,014101,007833,01543)=4,6 ();
2) 12 H + 12 H = 23 He + 01n ;
( 3He ) =3,01605 (. . .);

2
( 1n ) =1,00866 (. . .);
0
1), =3,25 ().

( 3H ) =3,01543 (. . .)
1
=931=931(22,014101,007833,01543)=4,6 ().
1784.
7
3 Li
+ 11H 2 24 He , =9,15 .
E 1H ?
1

+ E ( 1H ) =2, ,
1
=931(24,0026+1,00783+7,016)=17,3 ().
E( 1H ) =2,
1
E( 1H ) =29,1517,3=1 ().
1
1785.
24
12 Mg
(; n):
24
12 Mg
23
+= 01n + 12
Mg .
( 24Mg ) =24,305 (. . .)
12
( 23Mg ) =23,3142 (. . .)
12
=| ( 24Mg ) ( 1n ) ( 23Mg ) |931;

12
12
=|24,3051,0086623,3142|931=16,6 ().
1786. 12 H += 01n + 11 H .
?
=931
(1,00783+1,008662,0141)=2,2 ().
1787. t1=0c, t2=100C;
7
3 Li
( p1 4 He ) mLi=12.
2
mH2O ?
7
3 Li
+ 11H = 24 He + 24 He ,
Q=E;
Q=CH2OmH2O(t2t1); E=931 ||
m Li
M Li
NA (),
, li=7103 / ,
NA=6,021023 1/.
318
mH2O=
mH2O=
Q
931 1,6 10 19 | |mLi N A
=
,
CH2 O ( t2 t1 )
CH 2 O ( t 2 t1 ) M Li
931 106 1,6 1019 ( 7 ,016 + 1,007832 2 4 ,0026 ) 103 6,12 1023
4200 100 7 10 3
=5,68105 ().
1788.
27
13 Al
30
+ 24 He = 14
Si + 11H . mAl=1 . =8 .
? ?
=931| ( 27Al ) + ( 4He ) ( 30Si ) ( 1H ) |
13
14
m Al
NA
M Al
=931106(26,9815+4,0026
29,973651,00783)
103
27 10 3
6,021023=5,351022 ().
-, ,
: N(0)=Nl=
m Al
NA
M Al
- . 2106 , N=2106N(0).
, ,
=N=21062
=
m AC
NA.
M AC
2 106 8 103 6,02 1023

27 10 3
=
3,6 1029
5,35 1022
=3,61029 ().
=6,73106.
1789. t=24 , m235U=220 , =25%. ?

U=200.
=
A
, =Pt ,
A
=Q .
Q=UN=U
=
mU
NA.
MU
PtMU
,
EU mU N A
319
EU mU N A
;
t MU
0,25 200 106 1,6 1019 0,22 6,02 1023

=53106 ().
24 60 60 0,235
320

Физика 10-11 Задачник - Степанова - 2000 - Решения задач - 1-1789

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10-11

5. XOY: A(3; 3),

XOY: A(-10; 5).

6. XOY: A(8; 2),

B(16; 4) XOY: A(-3; -1),

C(-6; 8), D(6; 8), B(6; -4)

x(20) = -270 + 12 20 = -30

r(90) = |x (90) x (90)| = |500 20 90 (-300) 10 90| =

12t = 120 10t

100 > 22, , .

x 1 = 200 40t x 2 = 120 20t

28. x 1 = -100 + 15t

x(2 + 4) = x(6) = 100 + 4 20 = 260

vc2 + v 2p = 1600 2 + 1000 2 1414 /.

49. x(0) = 500 100 = 400

55. t ADC < t ABC

v = at = 0,05 283 = 14,15 /

76. S(4) S(3) = 7

V = r = 0,105/ 0,1 = 0,0105 /

2 1 r1 r3 2 1d1 d 3 2 1 d1 d 3 3,14 0,12 0 ,6

F = m2a2 m1a1 = m2a2

6 ,67 1011 2 1030

t = 4,2 + 0,12 4,32c.

= V x t = 860 100 = 86000

= 4,4 0,36 1,6

196. V = g R = 1,7 1,7 10 6 = 1,7 10 3 /

2r 2 ( R + h ) 2 3,14 ( 6,37 106 + 0,6 106 )

2 ( R + R ) 4R 4 3,14 6,37 106

h = ( 1)R = (6,7 1) 6,37 10 6 = 3,6 10 4

F = 1500(1,8 1 9,8) = 17400

F = 1500(1,8 (9,8) = 12000

215. F = = 50 (0,15 0,10) = 2,5, .. -

r = 0 + = 0,2 + 0,05 = 0,25 .

F = mg + 2mg = 3mg = 3 1 9,8 0,3 9H

F = F x = 200 0,86 170

4 3,14 2 1,3 2 0,07 2

249. 246 248

a = g a = 9,8 8,4 = 1,4 / 2

= mg + ma = 60 9,8 + 60 0,075 593

= mg + ma = 60 9,8 60 0,04 586

277. P = m(g + a) = m(g +

F = 8000 0,25 + 600 =

F = 8000 (0,125) + 600=

297. OX: F F - mgsin = ma

cos + sin > 1

arctg = arctg 0,8 = 39, .. 30 < 39, , 296

arctg = arctg 0,2 = 11 < 30

a = g(cos sin) = 9,8(cos30 0,2 sin30) = 3,2 / 2

0 = arctg = arctg 0,2 = 11, ,

F = ma + F mg sin = m(a + mg cos + g sin)

F 4 10 3 (0,2 / 2 + 0,04 9,8 / 2 1 + 9,8 / 2 0,02)

9,8 / 2 0,003 + 0,008 9,8 / 2 1 5,1 10 2

9,8 / 2 0,003 + 0,008 9,8 / 2 1 10 3

9,8 / 2 0,003 + 0,008 9,8 / 2 1 1,9 10 2

= arctg = arctg 0,6 31

311. m 1 = 0,1;m 2 = 0,2;

0,1 3 + 0,2 0,5

0,1 0,5 + 0,2 3

314. m 1 = 27,2 T = 2,72 10 4 ;

T = m 2 (a + g) = 1,53 10 4 (9,8 / 2 + 0,6 / 2 ) 1,6 10 5

321. m 1 = 10; m 2 = 10;

2 = 0,5; m = 100 = 0,1;

324. m = 0,5; = 0,25;