SEXUAL HEALTH AWARENESS AMONG MALE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF

GIL MONTILLA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Capstone Project Proposal

Presented to the Faculty
of the Gil Montilla National High School
Sipalay City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Balleza, Jewel Anne

Cordero, Mark Angelo
Cordova, Jonaweign
Edulag, Angelyn
Trimucha, Iris Mae

January 2023
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Sexual health is a significant part of overall personal wellness. The way and how you

take care of yourself can make a great difference in your life. A precise sexual experience is

the most enjoyable for you and your partner, through proper preparation and education you

can reduce and minimize any potential health risks while doing a healthy sexual experience.

Nowadays as you can see in our society there are male youth especially students that face the

consequences of their being unaware of the sexual activity that they’re doing. It’s about

knowing how to understand the mental and physical world of yourself and your partner. The

searcher must be focusing on giving awareness to one males students of Gil Montilla

National High School. For all to have knowledge, awareness, and understanding of their

sexual health.

In today’s generation, there is still a student who has low knowledge about sexual

health. According to UNICEF, 35% of HIV infections occur among young people between

the age of 15-36 years old. More adolescents still do not have access to information and

education and sexuality, reproduction, and sexual reproductive health. In the Philippines

men’s involvement in SRH/FP has faced challenges, despite international advocacy for the

involvement of men as equal partners,(Asian-pacific resource and research center for women

[Arrow] 2022). Based on research done by (Advocates for youth 2012) almost 47% of

students have experienced sex, while 34% are currently sexually active by age 19, 70% of
teens had sexual intercourse. Young people face decisions about sex and relationships that

can affect their entire lives. There are still many male students who rush into their actions and

decisions for short-term pleasure, not knowing what effect it may have on their bodies due to

a lack of knowledge and awareness about their sexual health.

This kind of study is very sensitive to everyone but it is vital to us to know what

sexual health is about. Few students are suffering from being unhealthy for neglecting their

sexual health. Based on the research of advocates for youth 2012 students have experienced

sex almost 47%. Many users are facing decisions about sex and relationships according to

Lotter (2000) That’s sexual health is the ability of women and men to enjoy and express their

sexuality and to do so freely such as the risk of sexual transmitted diseases and unwanted

pregnancy, coercion violence, and discrimination. Anyone can be sexually healthy but is

unable to perform because of a lack of knowledge and awareness. The researcher chooses

male senior high school students to conduct the sexual health awareness. Students are very

vulnerable to their sexual health. Unwanted pregnancy is one of the reasons why the

researcher wants to conduct awareness.

Sexual Health is an important part of physical in mental health (the national strategy

for sexual health and HIV [2001]). It is a key part of our identity as human beings. Sexually

healthier refers to the ostentation of yourself it also defines who you are. Sex education is

implemented and performed in schools but we never knew their students who lack of

knowledge about it. Knowing your sexual health status as a student is very important, it’s

able you to free from discrimination and sexual diseases. Even schools perform sex

education students still need to be aware of what’s happening to a sexual being.

Physical and mental health is an important part of sexual health according to (The

national strategy for sexual health and HIV [2001]. The sexual and reproductive organ of the
person is the primary basis for being sexually healthy but don’t forget that if your physical

and mental health will not remain healthy it may affect your sexual health. It involves sexual

needs and desires, ac intentionally and responsibly. Most students nowadays are disrespectful

when it comes to different sexual cultures. Sexual health is also reflected in self-acceptance,

respect, and appreciation of one sexual culture. Conducting awareness to the male senior high

school students of Gil Montilla National High School regarding the issues of sexual health.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the level of sexual health awareness among male senior

high school students of Gil Montilla National High School. Furthermore, this study will

provide a basis for a recommendation concerning sexual health awareness among male SHS

of GMNHS.

The following are the specific research questions that need to be addressed:

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of

a. Track

b. Strand

c. Relationship Status

2. What is the level of Sexual Health Awareness when grouped as a whole and

categorized into:

a. Track

b. Strand

c. Relationship Status
 3. What is the level of sexual health awareness of male senior high school students

of Gil Montilla National High School when categorized according to:

a. Track

b. Strand

c. Relationship Status

4. Is there a significant difference to the level of Sexual Health Awareness when

grouped according to:

a. Track

b. Strand

c. Relationship Status

Hypothesis of the Study

Based on aforementioned objective of the study, the hypothesis was constructed:

There is no significant difference in measuring to the level of Sexual Health Awareness

among Male Senior High School Students of Gil Montilla National High School when

categorized into:

a. Track

b. Strand

c. Relationship Status

Theoretical Framework of the Study

This study aim to provide awareness to male senior high school students of Gil Montilla

National High School and find out if they have enough awareness of their sexual health. It is

anchored on REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10354. It provides a national policy on responsible

parenthood and reproductive health. Together with this is a planned paradigm shift to primary

care, which is the core and center of all healthcare forms under the UHC. On February 2019,

President Rodrigo Duterte signed the Universal Health Care Bill into law, ushering in

massive reforms in the Philippine health sector. The UHC helps ensure every Filipino is

healthy, protected from health hazards and risks, and has access to affordable, quality, and

readily available health service that is suitable to their needs.

According to REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10354 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A NATIONAL

POLICY ON RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.

The law also mandates reproductive health education in government schools and recognizes a

woman’s right to post-abortion care as part of the right to reproductive healthcare. The State

shall eradicate discriminatory practices, laws, and policies that infringe on a person’s exercise

of reproductive health rights.

Sigmund Freud’s Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality was first published in 1905. The

essays present some of Freud’s most famous ideas, including the stages of psychosexual

development, polymorphous perversity, drive theory, and the Oedipus complex. Finally, the

book makes contributions to Freud’s thinking about aggression, ambivalence, sublimation,

and more.

Sexual health is fundamental to the physical and the ability of individuals to achieve sexual

health and well-sexual health care; and an environment that affirms and promotes sexual

health. National laws and policies, sexual health, and promoting and protecting people’s
human rights related to sexual health. This report explains and discusses the relationships

between sexual health, human rights, and the law. Extensive research into human rights law

around the world can and do support sexual health through concerned with the promotion of

sexual health and human rights. It seeks to help government and policy-makers improve

sexual health through national and international human rights obligations. A cornerstone of

the Sexual Health Model is the ability to talk comfortably and explicitly about sexuality,

especially one’s sexual values, preferences, attractions, history, and behaviors.

The researcher used this framework to find a theory or law related to the topic that can

support and help this study. In this framework, you will see various laws or theories that can

provide true and important details that can support the researcher’s topic.Sexual health is an

approach to sexuality founded in accurate knowledge, personal awareness and self-

acceptance, such that one’s behavior, values and emotions are congruent and integrated

within a person’s wider personality structure and self-definition. Sexual health has a

communal aspect, reflecting not only self-acceptance and respect, but also respect and

appreciation for individual differences and diversity, as well as a feeling of belonging to and

involvement in one’s sexual culture(s).

In conclusion, no matter what theory or law you look at, the sexual health of each person is

important, it is necessary that the way they take care of their sexual health can have an impact

on their future. It is very important in a person’s life to be sexually healthy because it is a

product of their being physically and mentally healthy. The activeness of a man in sex can

help in the development of himself, he can avoid diseases such as sexual dysfunction and

premature ejaculation but this has an associated bad effect when he overdoes it and becomes

addicted to sex
Conceptual Framework of the Study

The researcher will conduct a sexual health awareness among to the chosen respondents.

Sexual health awareness is a topic where people often to avoid but it’s is fundamental aspect

of our overall health and well- being of every individuals, couples and families. Not everyone

is aware of what sexual health is about and the importance of it in our life. Through sexual

health awareness, everyone can learn about what sex is and the risks it carries. Risks such as

sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, and sexual abuse. It is very important to learn

more what sex is about.the more informed you are, the more prepared you are to make good

choices in life and the less you risk your life.

This study will be conduct to the male senior High School students of Gil Montilla National

High School. The researcher choose the male (SHS) students as the responders in the study to

be done. Male students now are very liberated to do the things they want even if it is not

suitable for their age because of emerging technologies such as gadgets where they can freely

see what they want and expand the student’s thoughts and ideas. There are many male

students who early faces the decisions about sex and relationship, many of them are active in

sexual intercourse and unaware what they are doing. That’s why, conducting this kind of

study to every students can make a positive impact to their entire life. By this study male

students will be gaining a knowledge and awareness about sexual health. It helps in educating

every male students about sexual and reproductive health. It creates awareness among male
(SHS) students about safe sexual practices. It helps in preventing sexually transmitted

infections, including HIV/AIDS. It protects both male and female from infectious diseases

and to have a good sexual experience.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Sexual Health Awareness Male Senior High School Students

of Gil Montilla National High
School
Figure 1.
Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the Study

Scope and Limitations

Level of Sex Awareness among Male Senior High School Students of Gil Montilla National

High School, to determine the level of sex awareness among male SHS students, it will also

reveal the knowledge of students regarding to the said topic. The respondents for this study

are the Male Senior High School Students. The researchers will conduct this study at the

school by the month of February to April 2023.

Significance of the Study

This study may be significant to the following:

Students (respondents). The students as respondents are the main beneficiary of this study.

By this, they will know if their knowledge about sex awareness is enough. Through
 the results that can be obtained, they, themselves can learn from it, they can change

themselves, and they can improve what needs to be improve on what they are used to.

Department of Health (DOH). The Department of Health will have a benefit to this study.

DOH can get data or information from the research and find out how the students of

Gil Montilla National High school are aware about their level of sexual awareness .

School Administrators. Place where the study will be done, the result or data we will get is

one of the benefits that the school has. The school will also be aware because of the

result they will get.

Teachers. School teachers will benefit from this study, it may change how they deal with

their students. Teachers will know if their male students are aware enough about their

level of sex awareness. And also, teachers can use this study to educate other male

students.

Future researcher. The future researcher is the one who has the greatest benefit from the

results of this study. Education and learning are examples of the benefits that the

future researcher has, they may be surprised by the result but through this they will

have knowledge about the level of sex awareness or the chosen topic or study that

they want to do. They will know that if male students are more conscious than

females when it comes to their sexuality.

Definition of Terms

The following items used in the study are defined conceptually and operationally.
SEXUAL HEALTH – According to Robinson et al. (2002) Sexual Health is defined as an

approach to sexuality founded in accurate knowledge, personal awareness, and self-

acceptance. It involves an ability to be intimate with a partner to communicate

explicitly about sexual needs and desires. In this study, it will give an awareness

regarding to sexual health to the male senior high school students of Gil Montilla

National High School. To be able to have knowledge and be aware about their sexual

health as a students.

AWARENESS - Awareness is defined by Reinhardt et al. [11] as knowledge of activities

that relate to trending spotting, alerts, and result in personal changes (e.g. human

attitude). In this study, awareness is the state of being conscious of something. More

specifically, it is the ability to know and perceive, feel, or be aware of events. Another

definition describes it as a state in which a subject is aware of some information when

that information is directly available to direct a wide range of behavioral actions

SEXUAL HEALTH – According to the World Health Organization, sexual health, when

viewed affirmatively, requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and

sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual

experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. In this, study, Sexual

health is the ability to embrace and recognize ourselves throughout our lives. It is an

important part of our physical and emotional health.

Review of Related Literature

 This section presents several literature and studies conducted from foreign and local
sources which are relevant to the study.

Theme 1

DepEd (2016) defines the K to 12 science curriculum as a provision for learners that

will have a repertoire of competencies important in the world of work and in a knowledge-

based society. It envisions the development of scientifically, technologically, and

environmentally literate and productive members of society who are critical problem solvers,

responsible stewards of nature, innovative and creative citizens, informed decision makers,

and effective communicators. This curriculum is designed around the three domains of

learning science: understanding and applying scientific knowledge in local settings as well as

global context whenever possible, performing scientific processes and skills, and developing

and demonstrating scientific attitudes and values. The acquisition of these domains is

facilitated using the following approaches: multi/interdisciplinary approach, science-

technology-society approach, contextual learning, problem/issue-based learning, and inquiry-

based approach. The approaches are based on sound educational pedagogy namely,

constructivism, social cognition learning model, learning style theory, and brain-based

learning. DepEd (2016) emphasize that Physical Science is about the evolution of our

understanding of matter, motion, electricity, magnetism, light, and the universe from ancient

times to the present; applications of physics and chemistry concepts in contexts such as

atmospheric phenomena, cosmology, astronomy, vision, medical instrumentation, space

technology, drugs, sources of energy, pollution and recycling, fitness and health, and

cosmetics.

Theme 2
The World Health Organization has issued a bulletin. Many countries around the world

pledged that by 2007, more than 90% of young people in their countries would be able to

identify the modes of HIV transmission and its consequences, unwanted pregnancy, sexual

harassment Prevention. However, evidence suggests that only 40% of young males and

36% of young females have adequate HIV/AIDS knowledge. Sex Education is a fundamental

right of young people. It increases their understanding of their bodies, which allows them to

comprehend their responsibility in society and assists them in developing negotiating skills. It

will enable students in basic education to obtain accurate information, improve their

understanding of their rights, and lessen abuse of classmates who become pregnant or are

members of marginalized groups like the LGBT community or Indigenous Peoples (DepEd,

2013). Sex education is a process whereby people have become aware of their sexual

development, functioning, behavior, and attitude through direct teaching. Young people will

understand sex education in-depth and will be properly informed about it if they are taught in

a manner that will enable them to develop sexual awareness and make informed and

responsible sexual decisions. Its primary objective is to provide appropriate information so

that people can avoid and fight harmful sexual pressures (Allen Taylor, 2010). Sex Education

should be implemented in Gil Montilla National High School, and have to apply the learning

in their daily lives, not only for the male students, but also to the female students. Sex

education is an intervention that is focused on encouraging abstinence, according to Silva

(2009). The purpose of this intervention is to promote awareness of unprotected sex, sexually

transmitted illnesses, and teenage pregnancy, especially among teenagers. This intervention

also demonstrates that abstinence is more successful than the use of contraception.

However, if an intervention is used in conjunction with a strong contraceptive component, it

is also described as safer sex. Bangalore (2010) asserts that sexual education is a lifelong

process. It is a progression that begins in childhood and continues until maturity. He asserted
that sex education should also teach moral principles, interpersonal connections, and

decision-making in addition to teaching about sexuality. Every person should benefit from

this education by developing self-awareness and a conscious desire to avoid and reject sexual

activity.

However, sexual and reproductive health are intertwined. In complex societal stigmas, fears,

misconceptions, and discrimination misinformation. For young people, limited access to

information and services reduces their self-confidence and ability to make informed

decisions. For example, a research project in Sri Lanka revealed a lack of knowledge among

teenagers aged 17 to 19 years to result in low self-esteem and psychological distress,

particularly in relation to masturbation practices and Menstrual cycles. High proportion of

youth, low proportion of adults literacy rate, lack of knowledge about sexually transmitted

diseases infections, postponed marriages, and poor health there are a few major risk factors in

raising the young people’s susceptibility to sexual contact in Pakistan, sexually transmitted

infections are common. Sexual and reproductive health literature for young people are in

short supply in Pakistan. Have a very limited understanding of sexual and reproductive issues

health, and the majority of them have various misconceptions. A similar study conducted in

Chandigarh by Jaideep K et al. discovered that 76.74% of students chose the teacher as the

best source to provide sex education [12]. Similar findings were made by Wong WC et al. in

Hong Kong and Zhang L et al. in China [17,18]. All of these variations could be attributed to

regional and cultural differences. Dorle AS et al., from Karnataka, discovered that girls prefer

parents and boys prefer friends as a source of sex information. According to Datta SS et al.,
schools and colleges should provide sex education to adolescents. According to a study

conducted by Mueller TE et al., the majority of adolescents believe that sex education

reduces the risks of potentially negative outcomes from sexual behavior such as menstrual

fear and stigma, unwanted and unplanned pregnancies, and infection with STIs including

HIV. Adolescents are defined as people aged 10 to 19 years old by the WHO. It is the time

when the most physical, psychological, emotional, and behavioral changes occur.

Adolescents’ physical health, sexual and behavioral problems are interconnected, and these

factors are linked to unhealthy development in adolescents, which stems from their social

environment. Poverty, unemployment, crime, sexual harassment, gender and ethic

discrimination, and the impact of social change on individuals, families, and communities are

also included. As a result, adolescents must provide preventive interventions for these

behaviors, which all contribute to positive personal growth and development.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study used the descriptive research method with the survey questionnaire as the main
instrument for gathering data.

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness among male senior high

school students of GMNHS regarding to sexual health. It will also reveal the knowledge of

students regarding to the said topic.

Respondents of the Study

This study utilized a stratified random sampling among Male senior high school

students. Respondents are the male senior high school students.

 Academic Track & Strand Population Sample Size

STEM 66 27

HUMSS 43 17

ABM 4 2

MARITIME PREBAC 50 20

MARITIME TVL 70 28

CSS 44 18

HOUSEKEEPING 5 2

COOKERY 25 10

TOURGUIDING 4 2

AUTOMOTIVE 72 29

SMAW 93 38

AGRICULTURE 21 9

EIM 88 36

Research Instrument

The study will utilize a self-made questionnaire which will assess the learning

competencies of the male SHS students. The researcher will develop a Table of

Specifications that will cover the learning competencies required for each male SHS students.

A fifteen (15) item test for each questions will be developed.

Part 1 of the research instrument will be the profile of the respondents which includes

the name as optional, age, relationship status and SHS track and strand.
 Part 2 of the research instrument will focus on the 15 item questions and statements

by checking the four-point likert scale. The test questions will be aligned through the Sexual

Health Awareness Through this Questionnaires.

Validity of the Research Instrument

Kimberlin and Winterstein (2008) define Validity as the extent to which an instrument

measures what it purports to measure. Validity requires that an instrument is reliable, but an

instrument can be reliable without being valid. Content and construct validity was obtained

with the help of other experts using the Good and Scates Validation Forms. All corrections

and constructive criticism raised by the experts will be taken into consideration in the

preparation of the final version of the instrument. The validity of the questionnaire will be

determined by four (4) Science pedagogic specialists before its application in the study.

Reliability of the Research Instrument

Reliability is referred to as the consistency, stability and repeatability of results

(Twycross and Shields, 2004). In this study, the internal consistency was evaluated using the

Kuder Richardson 20 for the 50 item multiple choice test and Cronbach’s alpha for the survey

part of the questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedures

The study will adhere the following procedures:

Validation letters will be sent to three (3) jurors to validate the modified
questionnaires. As the validity was established, careful suggestion and recommendation by
the jurors will be considered.
 After the validity is established, pilot study of the research instrument will be
conducted to test the reliability to two-hundred (200) respondents. Upon determining the
reliability using
preparation for the preliminaries for the conduct of the study will be done.
A letter will be sent to the School Principal and Class Advisers of Gil Montilla
National High School asking for permission and advisory to encourage participation of the
male senior high school students. Upon approval, an advisory will be attached to the letter to
the Principal and Class Advisers of determined male senior high school students bearing the
signature of the researchers and the research adviser.
Securing permission to the respondents will also be provided and explained the
purpose of the study and their rights as respondents.
Upon approval and securing all the preliminaries, careful, ethical and orderly conduct
of the study were observed.

Plan for Data Analysis

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of

a. Strand

b. Academic Track

c. Age

d. Relationship Status

Both frequency and percentage will be used in this. A data presentation called a percentage

frequency distribution (PFD) indicates the proportion of observations for each data point or

collection of data points. When representing the relative frequency of survey replies and other

data, it is a particularly helpful technique.

2. What is the level of Sexual Health Awareness when grouped as a whole and

categorized into:

a. Strand
 b. Academic Track

c. Age

d. Relationship Status

A set of scores are averaged to form the mean. The total scores were divided by the total

scores. When population samples are tiny, the mean is susceptible to extreme scores. In

statistics, the measurement of variability known as the standard deviation (SD) is frequently

utilized. It demonstrates how different things are from the norm (mean).

3. What is the level of male senior high school students of Gil Montilla National

High School when categorized according to:

a. Strand

b. Academic Track

c. Age

d. Relationship Status

An inferential statistical test known as the independent t-test examines whether there is a

statistically significant difference between the means in two unrelated groups. It is also

known as the two sample t-test, independent-samples t-test, or student's t-test. ANOVA is a

statistical analysis technique that divides systematic components from random factors to

account for the observed aggregate variability within a data set. The presented data set is

statistically affected by the systematic factors but not by the random ones.

Ethical Consideration

The researcher will have an informed consent to the respondents, they will be
properly informed about their rights, and they have the rights to say no. They have the rights
to choose if they are willing to answer the questionnaire. The intentions of the researchers are
good, and this research will not be harmful to the respondents. Some questions may be
sensitive and personal for others, but this study will benefit the respondents. The informed
consent procedure establishes a confidentiality agreement between the researcher and
respondent that guarentees the respondent’s identity, personal information, answers, etc.
won’t be shared with anyone outside the study team unless otherwise agreed.

REFERENCES

Definitions of Sexual Health – MN Dept. of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved January 17, 2023, from

https://www.health.state.mn.us/people/sexualhealth/definitions.html

AR;, T. A. A. K. (n.d.). Awareness and attitude towards sex health education and sexual

health services among youngsters in rural and urban settings of Sindh, Pakistan.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. Retrieved January 18, 2023,

from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23866521/

Sexual Health Awareness Questionnaire for Male Senior High School Students
Name (Optional):___________________________ Strand/Track: ______________

Age: ______ Relationship status:____________ Date:_____________

Directions: Using the 4 point-likert scale below. Rate the following questions by placing a

check in the box. Please answer the questions honestly. Do not leave each item unanswered.

1 – Not Aware

2 – Slightly Aware

3 - Aware

4 – Fully Aware

Questions 4 3 2 1

1. I’m aware of my sexual motivations.

2. I’m aware about voicing my sexual desires

3. I am aware of my sexual tendencies

4. I am assertively aware about the sexual aspects of

my life.

5. I am aware that HIV/AIDS is a disease caused by

unsafe sexual intercourse.
 6. Are you aware about how STI’s are spread?

7. I am aware about the side effects of masturbation

8. I am aware of my sexual and reproductive health

and rights, are fundamental human rights that are
reflected to sexuality and reproduction.

9. I am aware that education plays a role in

information dissemination about reproductive
health.

10. I am aware that physical development of my sex

organs can cause changes in my sexual Health.

Have you ever had sexual intercourse? Yes No

If yes answer the following questions:

11. I am aware that using condom is a safe way from
having STI (sexually transmitted infections) during
sexual intercourse.

12. I am aware that sexual intercourse can cause

sexually transmitted disease.

13. I am aware that having sexual intercourse can head

to pregnancy.

14. I am aware on how to take care of my reproductive

organ before and after sexual intercourse.

15. I am aware that sexual intercourse invites sex

related problems.