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(eBook PDF) New Perspectives

Microsoft Office 365 & Excel 2019


Comprehensive
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patrick carey

Microsoft Office 365


® ®

Excel
®

2019
Comprehensive

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States


viii New Perspectives Series

Module 6 Managing Data with Data Tools Adding a Total Row����������������������������������������EX 6-41
Analyzing Employment Data������������������������������� EX 6-1
Adding and Deleting Records������������������������EX 6-42
Session 6.1 Visual Overview:
Creating a Calculated Field��������������������������� EX 6-43
Data Ranges, Workbook Panes,
Structural References and
and Subtotals����������������������������������������������������������� EX 6-2
Excel Tables����������������������������������������������������EX 6-45
Handling Data in Excel����������������������������������������� EX 6-4
Session 6.2 Quick Check ������������������������������������EX 6-47
Using Panes to View Data ����������������������������������� EX 6-6
Session 6.3 Visual Overview:
Dividing the Workbook Window
Slicers and Dashboards ������������������������������������� EX 6-48
into Panes��������������������������������������������������������� EX 6-6
Filtering Data with Slicers������������������������������������EX 6-50
Freezing Panes��������������������������������������������������EX 6-8
Creating a Dashboard ����������������������������������������EX 6-52
Locating Duplicate Records�������������������������������� EX 6-10
Formatting a Slicer������������������������������������������EX 6-54
Highlighting Duplicate Values������������������������ EX 6-10
Using the SUBTOTAL Function ����������������������EX 6-55
Removing Duplicate Records�������������������������� EX 6-12
Creating Dynamic Charts��������������������������������EX 6-58
Sorting Records in a Data Range������������������������ EX 6-13
Looking Up Data with Tables������������������������� EX 6-62
Sorting by a Single Field �������������������������������� EX 6-13
Session 6.3 Quick Check ����������������������������������� EX 6-63
Sorting by Multiple Fields������������������������������ EX 6-15
Review Assignments������������������������������������������� EX 6-64
Sorting with a Custom List������������������������������ EX 6-17
Case Problems��������������������������������������������������� EX 6-66
Calculating Subtotals������������������������������������������ EX 6-19
Module 7 Summarizing Data with PivotTables
Creating a Subtotal Row �������������������������������� EX 6-19 Preparing a Social Media Marketing Report��������EX 7-1
Using the Subtotal Outline View��������������������EX 6-21 Session 7.1 Visual Overview:
Session 6.1 Quick Check��������������������������������������EX 6-23 Summary IF Functions and VLOOKUP �������� EX 7-2
Session 6.2 Visual Overview: Using Lookup Functions����������������������������������������EX 7-4
Filters and Excel Tables ��������������������������������������EX 6-24 Creating Approximate Match Lookups������������EX 7-6
Locating Cells Within a Worksheet ��������������������EX 6-26 Using Horizontal Lookup Tables �������������������� EX 7-10
Finding and Selecting Multiple Cells��������������EX 6-26 Retrieving Data with Index Match Lookups ���� EX 7-11
Finding Cells by Type��������������������������������������EX 6-27 Exploring Logical Functions�������������������������������� EX 7-13
Filtering Data ������������������������������������������������������EX 6-27 Using the IFS Function������������������������������������ EX 7-14
Filtering Based on One Field��������������������������EX 6-28 Combining Conditions with the OR
Filtering Based on Multiple Fields������������������EX 6-29 and AND Functions���������������������������������������� EX 7-14
Using Criteria Filters����������������������������������������EX 6-30 Applying Summary IF Functions������������������������� EX 7-16
Clearing Filters������������������������������������������������EX 6-33 Conditional Counting with COUNTIF ������������ EX 7-17
Applying an Advanced Filter��������������������������EX 6-33 Calculating Conditional Sums with SUMIF ���� EX 7-19
Creating an Excel Table��������������������������������������EX 6-37 Calculating Conditional Averages with
Converting a Range to a Table ����������������������EX 6-37 AVERAGEIF ���������������������������������������������������� EX 7-21
Using Table Styles ������������������������������������������EX 6-39 Using Summary IFS Functions������������������������ EX 7-22
Microsoft Office 365 & Excel 2019, Comprehensive ix

Session 7.1 Quick Check�������������������������������������� EX 7-25 Understanding Cost-Volume Relationships����������EX 8-4


Session 7.2 Visual Overview: Comparing Expenses and Revenue������������������EX 8-4
PivotTables���������������������������������������������������������� EX 7-26 Exploring the Break-Even Point������������������������EX 8-6
Creating PivotTables�������������������������������������������� EX 7-28 Finding the Break-Even Point
Inserting a PivotTable�������������������������������������� EX 7-29 with What-If Analysis����������������������������������������EX 8-7
Creating a PivotTable Layout�������������������������� EX 7-31 Working with Data Tables ������������������������������������EX 8-9
Modifying the PivotTable Layout�������������������� EX 7-32 Creating a One-Variable Data Table����������������EX 8-9
Adding Multiple Fields to a Row or Column �����EX 7-33 Charting a One-Variable Data Table�������������� EX 8-12
Filtering a PivotTable�������������������������������������� EX 7-35 Modifying a Data Table���������������������������������� EX 8-13
Formatting a PivotTable�������������������������������������� EX 7-37 Creating a Two-Variable Data Table�������������������� EX 8-14
Changing Labels and Number Formats���������� EX 7-38 Formatting the Result Cell������������������������������ EX 8-17
Choosing a PivotTable Summary Function�����EX 7-40 Charting a Two-Variable Data Table �������������� EX 8-18
Reordering PivotTable Categories������������������EX 7-43 Session 8.1 Quick Check��������������������������������������EX 8-21
Setting PivotTable Options����������������������������������EX 7-44 Session 8.2 Visual Overview:
Setting the PivotTable Design ����������������������������EX 7-45 What-If Scenarios������������������������������������������������EX 8-22

Session 7.2 Quick Check�������������������������������������� EX 7-47 Exploring Financial Scenarios with


Scenario Manager������������������������������������������������EX 8-24
Session 7.3 Visual Overview:
PivotCharts and Slicers���������������������������� EX 7-48 Defining a Scenario����������������������������������������EX 8-25

Introducing PivotCharts��������������������������������������EX 7-50 Viewing Scenarios ������������������������������������������EX 8-28

Creating a PivotChart ������������������������������������ EX 7-51 Editing a Scenario ������������������������������������������EX 8-29

Moving a PivotChart to Another Creating Scenario Summary Reports������������������EX 8-30


Worksheet ������������������������������������������������������EX 7-53 Session 8.2 Quick Check ������������������������������������EX 8-35
Creating a Pie PivotChart�������������������������������EX 7-54 Session 8.3 Visual Overview:
Using Slicers and PivotTables������������������������������ EX 7-58 Optimal Solutions with Solver ����������������������������EX 8-36

Applying a Slicer to Multiple PivotTables ������ EX 7-59 Optimizing a Product Mix ����������������������������������EX 8-38

Creating a Timeline Slicer ������������������������������ EX 7-61 Finding the Optimal Solution with Solver ��������� EX 8-40

Drilling Down a PivotTable����������������������������������EX 7-63 Activating Solver ��������������������������������������������EX 8-41

Session 7.3 Quick Check��������������������������������������EX 7-65 Setting the Objective Cell and Variable Cells���� EX 8-42

Review Assignments��������������������������������������������EX 7-66 Adding Constraints to Solver������������������������� EX 8-44

Case Problems����������������������������������������������������EX 7-68 Exploring the Iterative Process ��������������������������EX 8-50


Creating a Solver Answer Report������������������������EX 8-51
Module 8 Performing What-If Analyses
Maximizing Profits with the Right Saving and Loading Solver Models ��������������������EX 8-53
Product Mix ��������������������������������������������������������� EX 8-1 Session 8.3 Quick Check ������������������������������������EX 8-57
Session 8.1 Visual Overview: Review Assignments��������������������������������������������EX 8-58
Data Tables and What-If Analysis��������������������������EX 8-2
Case Problems����������������������������������������������������EX 8-59
x New Perspectives Series

Module 9 Exploring Financial Tools Adding Taxes and Interest Expenses


and Functions to an Income Statement��������������������������������������EX 9-35
Analyzing a Business Plan ����������������������������������� EX 9-1
Session 9.2 Quick Check�������������������������������������EX 9-37
Session 9.1 Visual Overview:
Loan and Investment Functions����������������������������EX 9-2 Session 9.3 Visual Overview:
Introducing Financial Functions����������������������������EX 9-4 NPV and IRR Functions and Auditing ������ EX 9-38

Calculating Borrowing Costs��������������������������������EX 9-4 Calculating Interest Rates with the


RATE Function ����������������������������������������������������EX 9-40
Calculating Payments with the PMT
Function������������������������������������������������������������EX 9-5 Viewing the Payback Period of an
Investment ����������������������������������������������������������EX 9-41
Calculating a Future Value with the
FV Function ������������������������������������������������������EX 9-7 Calculating Net Present Value����������������������������EX 9-43

Calculating the Payment Period with The Time Value of Money ������������������������������EX 9-43
the NPER Function��������������������������������������������EX 9-9 Using the NPV Function����������������������������������EX 9-43
Calculating Inflation with the FV Function������������EX 9-9 Choosing a Rate of Return������������������������������EX 9-44
Calculating the Present Value with the Calculating the Internal Rate of Return ��������������EX 9-46
PV Function ���������������������������������������������������� EX 9-10 Using the IRR Function������������������������������������EX 9-47
Creating an Amortization Schedule�������������������� EX 9-12 Exploring the XNPV and XIRR Functions��������EX 9-49
Calculating Interest and Principal Auditing a Workbook������������������������������������������ EX 9-51
Payments�������������������������������������������������������� EX 9-13
Tracing an Error����������������������������������������������EX 9-52
Calculating Cumulative Interest and
Evaluating a Formula��������������������������������������EX 9-55
Principal Payments������������������������������������������ EX 9-16
Using the Watch Window ������������������������������EX 9-57
Session 9.1 Quick Check�������������������������������������� EX 9-19
Session 9.3 Quick Check��������������������������������������EX 9-59
Session 9.2 Visual Overview: Review Assignments��������������������������������������������EX 9-60
Income Statements and Depreciation ������ EX 9-20
Case Problems����������������������������������������������������EX 9-62
Projecting Future Income and Expenses������������EX 9-22
Module 10 Analyzing Data with Business
Exploring Linear and Growth Trends��������������EX 9-22
Intelligence Tools
Interpolating from a Starting Value Presenting Sales and Revenue Data ����������������� EX 10-1
to an Ending Value������������������������������������������EX 9-23 Session 10.1 Visual Overview:
Calculating the Cost of Goods Sold ��������������EX 9-26 Queries and Trendlines����������������������������������������EX 10-2
Extrapolating from a Series of Values������������EX 9-27 Introducing Business Intelligence������������������������EX 10-4
Calculating Depreciation of Assets ��������������������EX 9-29 Writing a Data Query������������������������������������������EX 10-4
Straight-Line Depreciation������������������������������EX 9-30 Using Power Query ����������������������������������������EX 10-4
Declining Balance Depreciation����������������������EX 9-30 Retrieving Data into an Excel Table����������������EX 10-8
Adding Depreciation to an Income Editing a Query����������������������������������������������EX 10-9
Statement��������������������������������������������������������EX 9-34 Refreshing Query Data �������������������������������� EX 10-10
Microsoft Office 365 & Excel 2019, Comprehensive xi

Transforming Data with Queries ���������������������� EX 10-11 Visualizing Data with 3D Maps ��������������������EX 10-60
Adding a New Column��������������������������������� EX 10-12 Choosing a Map Style����������������������������������EX 10-62
Grouping Values in a Query�������������������������� EX 10-13 Creating New Scenes������������������������������������EX 10-63
Charting Trends ������������������������������������������������ EX 10-16 Setting Scene Options����������������������������������EX 10-64
Creating a Forecast Sheet�������������������������������� EX 10-18 Playing a Tour������������������������������������������������EX 10-66
Session 10.1 Quick Check����������������������������������EX 10-23 Session 10.3 Quick Check ��������������������������������EX 10-67
Review Assignments������������������������������������������EX 10-68
Session 10.2 Visual Overview:
Power Pivot and the Data Model����������������������EX 10-24 Case Problems��������������������������������������������������EX 10-69

Introducing Databases��������������������������������������EX 10-26 Module 11 Exploring PivotTable Design


Relational Databases������������������������������������EX 10-26 Summarizing Sales and Revenue Data����������������EX 11-1

Querying an Access Database����������������������EX 10-27 Session 11.1 Visual Overview:


Layouts, Sorting, Filtering, and Grouping������ EX 11-2
Exploring the Data Model��������������������������������EX 10-28
Laying Out a PivotTable�������������������������������������� EX 11-4
Transforming Data with Power Pivot ����������������EX 10-30
Working with Grand Totals and Subtotals������ EX 11-4
Exploring the Data Model in Diagram View���� EX 10-32
Changing the PivotTable Layout �������������������� EX 11-7
Managing Table Relationships����������������������EX 10-32
Sorting a PivotTable�������������������������������������������� EX 11-9
Creating a PivotTable from the
Data Model��������������������������������������������������������EX 10-34 Manually Sorting a Field �������������������������������� EX 11-9

Tabulating Across Fields from Sorting by Value���������������������������������������������� EX 11-9

Multiple Tables����������������������������������������������EX 10-37 Filtering a PivotTable �����������������������������������������EX 11-12

Applying Slicers and Timelines from Grouping PivotTable Fields��������������������������������EX 11-15


the Data Model ��������������������������������������������EX 10-38 Manual Grouping�������������������������������������������EX 11-16
Session 10.2 Quick Check�������������������������� EX 10-41 Grouping by Dates�����������������������������������������EX 11-18

Session 10.3 Visual Overview: Grouping by Numeric Fields������������������������ EX 11-21


Hierarchies and Maps�������������������������� EX 10-42 Session 11.1 Quick Check���������������������������������� EX 11-23
Working with Outlines and Hierarchies������������EX 10-44 Session 11.2 Visual Overview:
Outlining a PivotTable by Conditional Formats and Calculations���������� EX 11-24
Nested Fields������������������������������������������������EX 10-44 Calculations with PivotTables���������������������������� EX 11-26
Drilling Down a Field Hierarchy��������������������EX 10-46 Calculating Ranks������������������������������������������ EX 11-28
Viewing Data with the Quick Calculating Percent Differences�������������������� EX 11-29
Explore Tool�������������������������������������������������� EX 10-51
Displaying PivotTables with Conditional
Viewing Data with Map Charts�������������������������EX 10-53 Formats�������������������������������������������������������������� EX 11-31
Creating a Value Map Chart ������������������������EX 10-54 Creating an Icon Set�������������������������������������� EX 11-32
Formatting a Map Chart ������������������������������EX 10-58 Working with Color Scales���������������������������� EX 11-34
xii New Perspectives Series

Exploring the PivotTable Cache������������������������ EX 11-35 Displaying Data with a Funnel Chart������������������ EX 12-8
Sharing a Cache Between PivotTables���������� EX 11-35 Hiding Error Values with the IFERROR
Creating a New Cache���������������������������������� EX 11-37 Function�������������������������������������������������������������EX 12-11

Working with Calculated Items and Session 12.1 Quick Check�����������������������������������EX 12-13
Calculated Fields ���������������������������������������������� EX 11-39
Session 12.2 Visual Overview:
Creating a Calculated Item �������������������������� EX 11-39 Data Validation and Workbook Protection������EX 12-14
Creating a Calculated Field�������������������������� EX 11-42 Validating Data Entry�����������������������������������������EX 12-16
Behind the Math of Calculated Items Validating Dates���������������������������������������������EX 12-17
and Fields������������������������������������������������������ EX 11-46
Creating a Validation Error Message�������������EX 12-18
Session 11.2 Quick Check���������������������������������� EX 11-47
Creating an Input Message�������������������������� EX 12-20
Session 11.3 Visual Overview: Validating Against a List�������������������������������� EX 12-21
PivotTable Measures ������������������������������������ EX 11-48 Creating a Custom Validation Rule �������������� EX 12-23
Introducing PivotTable Design Under the Validating Data Already in the Workbook����� EX 12-25
Data Model�������������������������������������������������������� EX 11-50
Hiding Workbook Content�������������������������������� EX 12-25
Calculating Distinct Counts������������������������������ EX 11-51
Protecting Workbook Contents������������������������ EX 12-27
Creating a Measure ������������������������������������������ EX 11-53
Protecting a Worksheet�������������������������������� EX 12-27
Introducing DAX ������������������������������������������ EX 11-53
Protecting a Workbook�������������������������������� EX 12-28
Adding a Measure to a Table������������������������ EX 11-54
Unprotecting a Worksheet and a
Calculating Measures Across Tables Workbook����������������������������������������������������� EX 12-29
and Rows ���������������������������������������������������������� EX 11-57
Locking and Unlocking Cells������������������������ EX 12-30
The RELATED Function�������������������������������� EX 11-58
Highlighting Unlocked Cells������������������������������ EX 12-31
The SUMX Function�������������������������������������� EX 11-58
Session 12.2 Quick Check �������������������������������� EX 12-33
Retrieving PivotTable Data with
GETPIVOTDATA������������������������������������������������ EX 11-61 Session 12.3 Visual Overview:
Macros and Visual Basic for Applications������� EX 12-34
Exploring Database Functions�������������������������� EX 11-65
Loading the Excel Developer Tab �������������������� EX 12-36
Session 11.3 Quick Check���������������������������������� EX 11-67
Automating Tasks with Macros ������������������������ EX 12-37
Review Assignments������������������������������������������ EX 11-68
Recording a Macro���������������������������������������� EX 12-37
Case Problems�������������������������������������������������� EX 11-69
Running a Macro ������������������������������������������ EX 12-39
Module 12 Developing an Excel Application
Saving and Opening a Macro-Enabled
Creating a Data Entry App����������������������������������EX 12-1
Workbook�����������������������������������������������������EX 12-40
Session 12.1 Visual Overview:
Assigning Macros to Shapes and Buttons�������� EX 12-41
WordArt and Funnel Charts���������������������������� EX 12-2
Assigning a Macro to a Shape���������������������� EX 12-41
Planning an Excel Application ����������������������������EX 12-4
Assigning a Macro to a Button ��������������������EX 12-43
Creating a WordArt Graphic ������������������������������EX 12-4
Microsoft Office 365 & Excel 2019, Comprehensive xiii

Working with the VBA Editor���������������������������� EX 12-50 Adding a Digital Signature to a


Opening the VBA Editor ������������������������������ EX 12-50 Workbook����������������������������������������������������� EX 12-57

Understanding Sub Procedures�������������������� EX 12-51 Session 12.3 Quick Check �������������������������������� EX 12-57

Editing a Macro with the Review Assignments������������������������������������������ EX 12-58


VBA Editor���������������������������������������������������� EX 12-52 Case Problems�������������������������������������������������� EX 12-59
Protecting Against Macro Viruses�������������������� EX 12-55
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IDX 1
Macro Security Settings�������������������������������� EX 12-55
Getting to Know
Microsoft Office Versions
Cengage is proud to bring you the next edition of Microsoft Office. This
edition was designed to provide a robust learning experience that is not
dependent upon a specific version of Office.
Microsoft supports several versions of Office:
• Office 365: A cloud-based subscription service that delivers
Microsoft’s most up-to-date, feature-rich, modern productivity tools
direct to your device. There are variations of Office 365 for business,
educational, and personal use. Office 365 offers extra online storage
and cloud-connected features, as well as updates with the latest
features, fixes, and security updates.
• Office 2019: Microsoft’s “on-premises” version of the Office apps,
available for both PCs and Macs, offered as a static, one-time
purchase and outside of the subscription model.
• Office Online: A free, simplified version of Office web applications
(Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote) that facilitates creating and
editing files collaboratively.
Office 365 (the subscription model) and Office 2019 (the one-time pur-
chase model) had only slight differences between them at the time this
content was developed. Over time, Office 365’s cloud interface will con-
tinuously update, offering new application features and functions, while
Office 2019 will remain static. Therefore, your onscreen experience may
differ from what you see in this product. For example, the more advanced
features and functionalities covered in this product may not be available
in Office Online or may have updated from what you see in Office 2019.
For more information on the differences between Office 365, Office 2019,
and Office Online, please visit the Microsoft Support site.
Cengage is committed to providing high-quality learning solutions for
you to gain the knowledge and skills that will empower you throughout
your educational and professional careers.
Thank you for using our product, and we look forward to exploring the
future of Microsoft Office with you!
Getting to Know Microsoft Office Versions OFF-1
Using SAM Projects
and Textbook Projects
SAM and MindTap are interactive online platforms designed to transform
students into Microsoft Office and Computer Concepts masters. Practice
with simulated SAM Trainings and MindTap activities and actively apply
the skills you learned live in Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, or Access.
Become a more productive student and use these skills throughout
your career.
If your instructor assigns SAM Projects:
1. Launch your SAM Project assignment from SAM or MindTap.
2. Click the links to download your Instructions file, Start file, and
Support files (when available).
3. Open the Instructions file and follow the step-by-step instructions.
4. When you complete the project, upload your file to SAM or MindTap
for immediate feedback.
To use SAM Textbook Projects:
1. Launch your SAM Project assignment from SAM or MindTap.
2. Click the links to download your Start file and Support files
(when available).
3. Locate the module indicated in your book or eBook.
4. Read the module and complete the project.

Open the Start file you downloaded.


Save, close, and upload your completed project to receive
immediate feedback.

IMPORTANT: To receive full credit for your Textbook Project, you must
complete the activity using the Start file you downloaded from SAM
or MindTap.
Using SAM Projects and Textbook Projects SAM-1
Module
1
O b j e c ti v es Getting Started
Session 1.1
• Open and close a workbook
• Navigate through a workbook
with Excel
and worksheet Tracking Miscellaneous Expenses for a
• Select cells and ranges
• Plan and create a workbook Conference
• Insert, rename, and move
worksheets
• Enter text, dates, and numbers Case | MedIT
• Undo and redo actions
• Resize columns and rows Carmen Estrada is an events coordinator for MedIT, a company that
develops information technology for hospitals and clinics. Carmen
Session 1.2
is planning the upcoming regional conference for MedIT customers
• Enter formulas and the SUM
and vendors in Boston, Massachusetts. An important aspect of event
and COUNT functions
• Copy and paste formulas planning is reviewing budget data and supplying additional expense
• Move or copy cells and ranges information for the conference. Carmen wants you to review the
• Insert and delete rows, conference planning documents and then create a document that
columns, and ranges she can use to detail miscellaneous expenses for the conference
• Create patterned text with event.
Flash Fill
• Add cell borders and change
font size
• Change worksheet views
• Prepare a workbook for
printing

Starting Data Files

Excel1 Module Review Case1

NP_EX_1-1.xlsx (none) NP_EX_1-2.xlsx

Case2

NP_EX_1-3.xlsx

EX 1–1
EX 1–2 Excel | Module 1 Getting Started with Excel

Session 1.1 Visual Overview:


Buttons for related Excel stores a collection of sheets
commands are within a single file called a
The ribbon is organized
organized on a tab workbook. The name of the current
into tabs. Each tab has a
in groups. workbook appears in the title bar.
group of related
commands for particular
activities or tasks.

The ribbon contains


grouped command
buttons that you click to
interact with Excel and
execute commands.
The area above the
worksheet grid is the
The Name box displays formula bar where you can
the cell reference of the enter or edit data in the
active cell. In this case, active cell.
the active cell is cell K16.

A group of cells in a rectangular


block is called a cell range (or
range). If the blocks are not
connected, as shown here, it is
a nonadjacent range.

The row headings are


numbers in boxes along
the left side of the
workbook window that
identify the worksheet
rows.

The status bar is a bar


at the bottom of the
Excel window that shows
information about the The sheet currently displayed in the Inactive sheets are not visible in
current worksheet as workbook window is the active sheet. the workbook window. Their
well as view buttons and Its sheet tab is underlined, and the sheet tabs are not underlined,
Zoom controls. sheet name is green and bold. and their sheet names are black.
Module 1 Getting Started with Excel | Excel EX 1–3

The Excel Workbook


The Tell Me box on the The Ribbon Display Options The Minimize button
ribbon is used to find a button is used to hide or reduces a window so that
command or access the show the ribbon and its tabs only its program icon is
Office Help system. and commands. visible on the taskbar.

The Restore Down button


returns a window to its
previous size. If the
Maximize button appears,
it expands the window to
fill the entire screen.

The column headings are


letters in boxes along the
top of the workbook
window that identify the
worksheet columns.

A single sheet in a workbook


file that is laid out in in a grid
of rows and columns is
called a worksheet. It
appears in the workbook
window, which displays part
of the current sheet.

A workbook is made up of
sheets. Each sheet is identified
by a sheet name, which appears Each intersection of a row
in a sheet tab. and column forms a box or
cell where you enter and
store data. The currently
selected cell in the active
worksheet is the active cell.

The Zoom controls increase or


decrease the magnification of the
worksheet content. These modules
show worksheets zoomed to 120%.
EX 1–4 Excel | Module 1 Getting Started with Excel

Introducing Excel and Spreadsheets


Microsoft Excel (or just Excel) is a program to record, analyze, and present data
arranged in the form of a spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is a grouping of text and numbers
in a rectangular grid or table. Spreadsheets are often used in business for budgeting,
inventory management, and financial reporting because they unite text, numbers, and
charts within one document. They can also be employed for personal use in planning a
family budget, tracking expenses, or creating a list of personal items. The advantage of
an electronic spreadsheet is that the content can be easily edited and updated to reflect
changing financial conditions.

To start Excel:
◗ 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button . The Start menu opens.
◗ 2. On the Start menu, scroll through the list of apps, and then click Excel.
Excel starts in Backstage view. See Figure 1–1.

Figure 1–1 Backstage view

opens a blank
workbook

preview of a
template
creates a new
workbook you might see a list
of recently opened
opens a saved workbooks here
workbook file

displays information
about your Excel
account

Backstage view, the File tab of the ribbon, contains various screens with commands
that allow you to manage files and options for the Excel. Excel documents are
called workbooks. From Backstage view, you can open a blank workbook, open an
existing workbook, or create a new workbook based on a template. A template is a
preformatted workbook that contains the document design and some content already
entered into the document. Templates can speed up the process of creating a workbook
because much of the effort in designing the workbook and entering its data and
formulas is already done for you.
Module 1 Getting Started with Excel | Excel EX 1–5

Carmen created an Excel workbook containing information on the budget for the
upcoming Boston conference. You’ll open that workbook now.

To open the Conference workbook:


◗ 1. In the navigation bar in Backstage view, click Open. The Open screen is
­displayed and provides access to different locations where you might store files.
◗ 2. Click Browse. The Open dialog box appears.
◗ 3. Navigate to the Excel1 > Module folder included with your Data Files.
Trouble? If you don’t have the starting Data Files, you need to get them
before you can proceed. Your instructor will either give you the Data Files or
ask you to obtain them from a specified location (such as a network drive). If
you have any questions about the Data Files, see your instructor or technical
support person for assistance.
◗ 4. Click NP_EX_1-1.xlsx in the file list to select it.

If your instructor wants you to submit your work as a SAM Project for
­automatic grading, you must download the Data File in Step 4 from the
assignment launch page.
◗ 5. Click the Open button. The workbook opens in Excel.
Trouble? If you don’t see the full ribbon as shown in the Session 1.1 Visual
Overview, the ribbon may be partially or fully hidden. To pin the ribbon so that
the tabs and groups are fully displayed and remain visible, click the Ribbon
Display Options button , and then click Show Tabs and Commands.
◗ 6. If the Excel window doesn’t fill the screen, click the Maximize button in
the upper-right corner of the title bar. See Figure 1–2.

Figure 1–2 Conference workbook

workbook filenam
filename
e

formula bar

Restore Down button


Tell Me box appears when the
workbook is maximized

status bar
EX 1–6 Excel | Module 1 Getting Started with Excel

Before reviewing the contents of this workbook, you first should understand how to
work with the Excel interface.

Getting Help
Excel is an extensive and powerful program supporting a wide variety of commands
and tools. If you are unsure about the function of an Excel command or you want
information about how to accomplish a task, you can use the Help system. To access
Excel Help, you press F1. You can also enter a phrase or keyword into the Tell Me
box next to the tabs on the ribbon. From this search box, you can get quick access to
detailed information on all of the Excel features.

Using Keyboard Shortcuts to Work Faster


There are several ways of accessing an Excel command. Perhaps the most efficient
method is entering the command through your device’s keyboard through the use
of keyboard shortcuts. A keyboard shortcut is a key or combination of keys that you
press to access a feature or perform a command. Excel provides keyboard shortcuts
for many commonly used commands. For example, CTRL+S is the keyboard shortcut
for the Save command, which means you hold down CTRL while you press S to save
the workbook. (Note that the plus sign is not pressed; it is used to indicate that an
additional key is pressed.) When available, a keyboard shortcut is listed next to the
command’s name in a ScreenTip. A ScreenTip is a label that appears next to an object,
providing information about that object or giving a link to associated help topics.
Figure 1–3 lists some of the keyboard shortcuts commonly used in Excel.

Figure 1–3 Excel keyboard shortcuts

Press To Press To
Alt Display the Key Tips for the Ctrl+V Paste content that was cut or copied
commands and tools on the ribbon
Ctrl+A Select all objects in a range Ctrl+W Close the current workbook
Ctrl+C Copy the selected object(s) Ctrl+X Cut the selected object(s)
Ctrl+G Go to a location in the workbook Ctrl+Y Repeat the last command
Ctrl+N Open a new blank workbook Ctrl+Z Undo the last command
Ctrl+O Open a saved workbook file F1 Open the Excel Help window
Ctrl+P Print the current workbook F5 Go to a location in the workbook
Ctrl+S Save the current workbook F12 Save the current workbook with a
new name or to a new location

You can also use the keyboard to quickly select commands on the ribbon. First, you
display the KeyTips, which are labels that appear over each tab and command on the
ribbon when ALT is pressed. Then you press the key or keys indicated to access the
corresponding tab, command, or button while your hands remain on the keyboard.

Using Excel in Touch Mode


If your computer has a touchscreen, another way to interact with Excel is in Touch
Mode in which you use your finger or a stylus to tap objects on the touchscreen to
invoke a command or tool. In Touch Mode, the ribbon increases in height, the buttons
are bigger, and more space appears around each button so you can more easily use
your finger or a stylus to tap the button you need.
Module 1 Getting Started with Excel | Excel EX 1–7

The figures in these modules show the screen in Mouse Mode, in which you use a
computer mouse to interact with Excel and invoke commands and tools. If you plan
on doing some of your work on a touch device, you’ll need to switch between Touch
Mode and Mouse Mode. You should turn Touch Mode on only if you are working on a
touch device.

To switch between Touch Mode and Mouse Mode:


◗ 1. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Customize Quick Access Toolbar
button . A menu opens, listing buttons you can add to the Quick Access
Toolbar as well as other options for customizing the toolbar.
Trouble? If the Touch/Mouse Mode command on the menu has a checkmark
next to it, press ESC to close the menu, and then skip Step 2.
◗ 2. From the Quick Access Toolbar menu, click Touch/Mouse Mode. The Quick
Access Toolbar now contains the Touch/Mouse Mode button , which you
can use to switch between Mouse Mode and Touch Mode.
◗ 3. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Touch/Mouse Mode button .
A menu opens listing Mouse and Touch, and the icon next to Mouse is
shaded to indicate that it is selected.
Trouble? If the icon next to Touch is shaded, press ESC to close the menu
and continue with Step 5.
◗ 4. Click Touch. The display switches to Touch Mode with more space between
the commands and buttons on the ribbon. See Figure 1–4.

Figure 1–4 Excel displayed in Touch Mode

Touch/Mouse Customize Quick


Mode button Access Toolbar button

buttons are larger with


more space around them


Next, you will switch back to Mouse Mode. If you are working with a touch-
screen and want to use Touch Mode, skip Steps 5 and 6.
◗ 5. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Touch/Mouse Mode button , and
then click Mouse. The ribbon returns to Mouse Mode, as shown earlier in
Figure 1–2.
◗ 6. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Customize Quick Access Toolbar
button , and then click Touch/Mouse Mode to deselect it. The Touch/
Mouse Mode button is removed from the Quick Access Toolbar.

Now that you’ve seen how to interact with the Excel program, you ready to explore
the workbook that Carmen has prepared.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
their ammunition, was, of course, thoroughly soaked. This attempt
was made below the dam, and the enemy, when he saw their
intention to cross, let in more water upon them by a floodgate.
While the men were in the stream, a large body of the enemy,
estimated at three regiments, opened upon them from a rifle-pit on
the bank, and this terrible fire cut down nearly half their number.
Never was a fire received with greater steadiness or more glorious
intrepidity. Except the poor fellows who had been killed or wounded,
not a man of the magnificent Vermonters wavered, but all pushed on,
and with one shout leaped to the bank, rushed upon the enemy with
their bayonets, and fairly drove them in utter rout and confusion. But
the contest was too unequal. No supports were within proper
distance; and though the enemy was driven away from the first line
of pits, and the other two companies of the Third were in the water to
cross, those on the other side were ordered to retreat.
After the remnant of these companies returned, the Union
batteries, which had in the mean time ceased firing, opened in full
force again. Then the Sixth Vermont regiment was ordered to storm
the work by the left flank.
Led by their gallant Colonel Lord, they rushed into the water.
Seven companies had entered, and some had reached within three
yards of the breastwork, when they were met by the fire of a long line
of rebel rifles, which appeared above the parapets. A running fire
from a thousand small arms was poured upon the Union men, who
stood three feet deep in water. It was returned as gallantly as the
circumstances would warrant. The breastwork was lighted up with a
continuous sheet of flame, the artillery belched away at the enemy,
shells were bursting over their breastworks, the smoke of the battle
was ascending, and for a few moments the scene was one of appalling
grandeur. Not a man flinched, and the fire of the enemy was
returned with deadly effect. Wherever a head appeared above the
parapet it became the mark for a hundred guns. Finding that rebel
reinforcements were still advancing, and despairing of a successful
assault with the bayonet, Colonel Lord retired with his men, who
brought most of their wounded comrades away with them.
The loss of the Federals in this engagement was between thirty and
forty killed, and one hundred and thirty-two wounded and missing.
The object of the demonstration was fully accomplished, the rebels
being compelled to relinquish their work, and abandon it as a
defensive position. Their loss was not ascertained, but it must have
been very considerable, their number being large, and the firing of
the Federal gunners fatally precise. Captain Wheeler reported that he
fired 313 shots, 126 of which were case shot, the remainder shell.
Ayers’ and Kennedy’s batteries threw about 450, and Captain Mott
reported 954, making more than 1,700 shot and shell hurled upon
the rebels. The behavior of the Federal troops was excellent, and the
event of the day successful, although the object was dearly
purchased.
CAPTURE OF NEW ORLEANS.

BOMBARDMENT OF FORTS JACKSON AND


ST. PHILIP.
April 18–26, 1862.
The work of opening the Mississippi river, which had been so
magnificently commenced and prosecuted by that portion of the
army and fleet above Memphis, was destined to find an equally
imposing, if not more brilliant counterpart, in the naval operations
near the city of New Orleans, once more to open that important
commercial point to the world, and restore its citizens to the
protection of the national flag. As an important auxiliary to this
grand enterprise, a fleet of mortar-boats was fitted out in Brooklyn,
N. Y., and other places, which formed a rendezvous at Ship Island,
awaiting orders. Commodore David D. Porter was assigned to the
command of the mortar fleet. The entire fleet, under the command of
Commodore D. G. Farragut, was composed as follows:
SECTION OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

SHOWING THE DISTANCES BELOW


NEW ORLEANS.

First Division of Ships, Flag-officer D. G. Farragut, commanding


—Hartford, R. Wainright; Brooklyn, Craven; Richmond, Alden.
Second Division of Ships—Pensacola, Morris; Portsmouth,
Swartwout; Mississippi, Smith.
First Division of Gunboats, Captain T. Bailey—Oneida, Lee;
Varuna, Boggs; Katahdin, Preble; Kineo, Ransom; Wissahickon,
Smith; Cayuga, Harrison.
Second Division of Gunboats, H. H. Bell—Iroquis, De Camp;
Sciota, Donaldson; Kennebeck, Russell; Pinola, Crosby; Itasca,
Cauldwell; Winona, Nichols. Total, 18.
The mortar flotilla consisted of twenty-one brigs and schooners,
and was divided into three squadrons of seven each. Besides these,
five steamers, the Harriet Lane, (flag-ship,) Miami, Owasco,
Westfield, and Clifton, were connected with the mortar flotilla, and
these were afterwards joined by the Octorora, a new boat,
commanded by Captain George Brown, of Indiana, which afterwards
became Porter’s flag-ship.
The entire fleet, thus constituted, numbered forty-six vessels,
carrying two hundred and eighty-six guns. On the morning of April
16th, it made a rendezvous in the river, at a distance of about four
miles below Forts Jackson and St. Philip, the two formidable
fortifications on the river, which it was necessary to pass before
reaching the city of New Orleans. On the morning of the 16th,
Commodore Porter brought up several schooners, and stationed
them about two miles and a half from the forts, in order to ascertain
the range of the mortars before opening the bombardment. After
several hours of practice, in which the range was admirably obtained,
and the execution on the works was plainly visible, Commodore
Porter expressed himself fully satisfied, and suspended operations
for the night.
Fort Jackson, which is by far the stronger work, is a regular
pentagonal bastioned fortification, having two fronts bearing on the
river, and three on the land side. The land fronts have each a glacis
and covered way, and the channel is commanded by a battery of
twenty-five guns. A wet ditch, from forty to seventy feet wide, and six
feet deep, surrounds the main work on the river, and a similar ditch,
one hundred and fifty feet wide, the land fronts. There is also a wet
ditch, six feet deep, and thirty feet wide, around the channel-bearing
battery. The two channel-bearing fronts have each eight casemated
guns, which are the only casemated ones in the work. The ditches are
defended by twenty-four-pounder howitzers at either flank. The
parapet is carried across the gorge of the bastion, so that there is no
flank parapet defence. The bastions are only arranged for musketry
fire from the walls. The main work of the lower battery mounts in the
aggregate one hundred and twenty-five guns, of which one hundred
bear on the channel. There was a one-story brick citadel within the
fort, having two tiers of loop-holes for musketry defence, the walls of
which are five feet thick. The entrance to the work is by a wooden
bridge on the west side, connected with a draw bridge ten feet wide.
Fort St. Philip consists of a main work and two attached batteries,
which bear respectively up and down the river. The principal work is
irregular in form, having seventeen faces. It is surrounded by a wet
ditch six feet deep, and from twenty to thirty feet wide. At the foot of
the glacis is a ditch from seventy to one hundred and forty feet wide.
There is a glacis and covered way entirely around the fort. Outside of
the principal ditch is another, which was dug to furnish earth for the
levee, and this is twenty feet wide, and four feet deep. Fort St. Philip
mounts one hundred guns, of which seventy-five bear on the
channel. All the guns were mounted en barbette. The scarp works
were strengthened by relief arches, which were pierced with loop-
holes for musketry.
Both forts are built of brick. The guns of Fort Jackson are twenty-
five feet above the level of the river, and those of St. Philip nineteen
feet. The guns of the outer batteries of both forts are fourteen feet
above the river. When the rebels took possession of these forts there
were only thirty-six guns mounted, none of which were of larger
calibre than thirty-two-pounders. All the carriages were poor. The
plans for completing these forts were taken from the Custom house
at New Orleans, just after the rebellion broke out, and the works
were finished in accordance with the original intention. From centre
to centre of the forts the distance is three-quarters of a mile, and the
river between them half a mile in width.
On the 17th the rebels commenced their defence against the
Federal fleet, by sending down the stream a fire raft. This incendiary
messenger was a common flat-boat, about one hundred and fifty feet
long, fifty broad and eight deep, filled with pine knots and other
combustible matter, which burned fiercely, and sent a dense column
of black smoke rolling heavily upwards as it was borne along by a
fresh breeze that blew up the river. As soon as the raft floated near
enough it was fired into and destroyed, without damage to the fleet,
and then ran ashore. It was a timely warning to the squadron, for
during the day the vessels were fitted up with grapnel-ropes, fire-
buckets, axes and other appliances with which to attack other of
these fiery islands that might be set adrift by the enemy.
The arrangements were scarcely completed, and the review made,
when, about ten o’clock at night, a brilliant fire appeared on the
river, flaming out from a heavy dense column of smoke, which rolled
up and displayed another of the fiery pioneers of the rebel flotilla
lying near the forts. It burned magnificently, and made a splendid
pyrotechnic display for the sailors, who were waiting impatiently to
reach the grand magazine whence it issued. Signals were made, and
in a few moments a vast crowd of boats were launched upon the
waters and moved rapidly toward the island of fire. The Westfield
came plowing her way up and plunged her prow into the blazing
mass, at the same moment opening her steam-pipes and pouring a
heavy force of water into the hottest of the conflagration. Amid the
steam and smoke and seething struggle of the flames, the men leaped
upon the raft with their buckets, and completely extinguished the
fire. Then the blackened and smoking mass of logs was sent
contemptuously adrift to follow its companion.
The sailors of the mortar fleet enjoyed this amusement with the
greatest zest, and pursued their work among the logs with laughter
and enthusiastic cheering. When the floating monster had been sent
blackened and smoking down the river, they retired to their various
boats and slept soundly in preparation for the contest of the
following day.
On the mortar fleet a portion of the day was given to the very
singular duty of disguising the vessels. Large quantities of branches
were cut from the forest trees on the banks of the river, which were
bound with all their fresh leaves to the masts, rigging, and around
the hulls. This was so adroitly done that from the distance it was
impossible to distinguish the fleet from the groups of trees on the
banks, thus concealing the position of the vessels entirely from the
enemy.
On the following morning, Good Friday, April 18th, at early dawn,
the towing vessels of Commodore Porter’s fleet took each five mortar
boats, and proceeded up the river to their fighting station. The fleet
thus in motion presented a splendid spectacle—the noble steamers
leading a group of vessels, each embowered in green, as though some
oasis of lofty trees had migrated from their forest home and were on
an excursion to a distant shore. The larger number were anchored on
the right bank of the river, while five were put in position on the left
bank.
At nine o’clock precisely, and before all the mortar boats had taken
their position, the rebels opened fire. It was instantly returned by the
mortars, and the grandest naval engagement of the war, and one of
the most memorable bombardments in the history of the world
commenced.
For some time the fire of the forts fell short of the range, but after
about an hour their shot passed over the vessels and fell harmless
beyond the fleet. The mortar practice for the first half hour exhibited
a similar defect, but the range was then obtained, and the bombs fell
thick and fast over and around the entrenched foe. At ten o’clock the
Iroquois, Cayuga, Sciota and Wissahickon opened upon the forts
with their 11-inch shells and fifteen-second fuses.
The scene now became one of thrilling grandeur. The loud roar of
the mortars as they hurled their immense projectiles into the air, the
quick succession of guns from the war ships, and the rapid
discharges from the forts in reply; the flashes of fire, the clouds of
smoke, as they rolled blackly together, filling the air, and the shells
flying up to a great altitude, then pencilling their arching line against
the blue sky as they sped to their mark, passing and repassing in
almost momentary rapidity, presented a spectacle awfully sublime.
At times eight or ten of the destructive missiles were to be seen
rushing away on their errands of death and destruction at the same
moment, sometimes exploding and scattering the fragments in wide
circles over the water, throwing it up in vast silver columns, or on the
shore plowing up the earth and sending soil and foliage in thick
masses high in the air.
The rebels diversified their operations during the day by again
sending two immense fire-rafts down the river, which would have
occasioned much confusion among the fleet, but for the precautions
already taken, and the previous experience of the sailors in the
reception of these pyrotechnic visitors. The sailors not employed at
the guns were allowed to witness the contest from the yards and
rigging of the vessels. As soon as the rafts appeared they were called
down from their places, manned the boats, and soon piloted these
burning islands to the shore, where they were left to smoulder away
for the entertainment of the fleet. These rafts were now regarded as a
side-play. At six o’clock Fort Jackson was reported to be on fire, and
at half-past six the Harriet Lane signalled the mortar boats to cease
firing. Two of these boats were struck during the day. The cabin of
one was destroyed by a shot, and a ball plunged through the
magazine of another which sent her out of the action for an hour in
order to make repairs. The men on board had been exhausted by
their heavy labors, and when the night came they were heartily glad
to rest.
A morning of serene beauty dawned upon the fleet, with a light
south-east wind, that gradually increased in volume till about ten
o’clock. Notwithstanding the breeze, the sun was warm, and the heat
sometimes oppressive. At half-past six the mortar boats opened the
bombardment. The fire at first was slow, and the vessels which were
on the left bank of the river the day before, were placed in position
on the other bank near the anchorage. At seven o’clock the gunboats
Oneida, Pinola and Sciota were sent up to support and cover the
mortar vessels, while the Wissahickon and Cayuga were relieved—
having been on duty twenty-four hours. As soon as these vessels had
opened fire, Fort Jackson replied from her casemate guns, and kept
up a very heavy fire.
At half-past eleven o’clock a rifle shot went through the schooner
Maria J. Carlton, and she sunk in about twenty minutes. Everything
was saved from her except the mortar, and only two or three men
were injured slightly by splinters.
Just after the sinking of the M. J. Carlton the gunboats Itasca and
Kineo were ordered into close action, the Owasco being sent up by
Captain Porter to assist. The firing now was frequent and terrific.
Each moment it seemed as if some one of the boats must be sunk.
The Oneida attracted much attention by her coolness and her heavy
fire. At two o’clock she was struck twice, one ten-inch solid shot from
a Columbiad striking a thirty-two pounder gun-carriage and
knocking off one of the trucks, and passing out of the ship on the
port side. Shortly afterwards another shot of the same description hit
the forward part of the starboard after port, striking the carriage of
an eleven-inch pivot gun and then lodging on deck. This shot
wounded nine men, but none mortally. One poor fellow lost his left
hand. The pivot gun of the Oneida was not injured, but the pivot rail
was slightly damaged, and to repair it she hauled out of action.
At about half-past three o’clock the firing from the forts began to
slacken. At four o’clock Fort Jackson was silent, and only the water
battery and Fort St. Philip were at work. The mortar shells were
falling all around the fort. One appeared to fall into the water battery
soon afterward, and silenced it. The gunboats were throwing shells
with fine effect, the Kineo in particular. At five o’clock General Butler
and his staff went on board the Hartford to confer with Commodore
Farragut, and at half-past six the signal was given to discontinue the
firing.
A number of men were wounded during the day, and were placed
on board of the Katahdin, to be conveyed to the hospital at Pilot
Town, down the river.
Night closed around the fleet as it lay at its moorings. The mortar-
boats kept up the firing during the night at stated intervals, by
divisions, and so continued until the morning of Sunday, the 20th,
when the contest was renewed on both sides, with the same zeal and
industry as had marked the bombardment of the first two days.
During the forenoon a deserter from Fort Jackson came to the shore,
and hailed one of the mortar vessels. A boat was immediately
dispatched to him, and he was taken on board the Harriet Lane,
where he had an interview with Commodore Porter. He was a citizen
of Pennsylvania, and reported that great execution had been done by
the well-directed fire of the fleet.
Commodore Farragut began to fear, from the protracted resistance
of the forts, that they would hold out so long that the supply of shells
and material of the fleet would become exhausted, and the enterprise
result in a simple blockade. He therefore issued orders for running
the forts, at an early opportunity, and arranged the vessels in several
divisions for this important undertaking, when the signal should be
given to move. While passing the forts, Commodore Porter’s mortar
fleet were to engage the batteries, in order to distract and divide the
fire of the forts.
During the afternoon, Fort Jackson suspended its fire, but Fort St.
Philip sent its iron messengers about the fleet in a perfect hail,
without, however, doing much injury. After continuing this work for
a short time the fire was slackened, and gradually fell off, a shot only
being sent at long intervals.
During the afternoon preparations were made for removing the
obstructions which the rebels had placed in the river. The principal
of these was a strong and heavy iron chain thrown across the stream,
supported by six or eight vessels, which formed a line across from
shore to shore. Beyond this battery, and above the forts, lay a fleet of
eighteen gunboats, and a monster ram, called the Manassas, a
massive and heavily mailed vessel, built expressly for running down
and destroying any vessel that it might attack.
About two o’clock the expedition to accomplish this work started
on its errand. The night was as dark as could be desired, and, closely
watched by the fleet, the Itasca and Pinola left their moorings to cut
the chain, and, if possible, destroy some of the vessels supporting it.
At a given signal the mortar vessels, which had been keeping up a
slow fire, opened a tremendous volley of shell, presenting a spectacle
which has seldom been witnessed in naval warfare. The sky was like
a vast arch in conflagration from the explosions of the shells, which
vaulted upwards, and fell in a meteoric shower upon the forts. From
three to eight or ten were in the air almost all the time, and the
beauty and grandeur of this vast pyrotechnic display was heightened
by the use of the Caston signal lights. Dimly in the distance could be
seen the Iroquois, Winona, and Kennebec, who were in the advance
of the mortar fleet. A signal light was sent up from Fort Jackson, and
both forts opened fire with all their heavy guns.
An hour was spent in this manner, when the Pinola sent a boat
down to report that the chain was cut, and that the Itasca was ashore.
The forts had slackened their fire, and there was good cause to fear
that if she were not rescued before the moon rose, she would be
captured by the rebels. Orders were immediately sent to the picket
boats, which repaired to her aid, and although the project of blowing
up some of the supporting schooners was not accomplished, the
vessels all returned in safety, having cleared the river of its barrier.
The mortar fleet then subsided into the accustomed routine of a
bombshell at regular intervals, to prove to the rebels at the forts that
their visitors were at the post of duty.
At two o’clock on Monday morning, the 21st, the moon rose clear
and beautiful, lighting up the entire scene. It was the fourth day of
the bombardment, and with accustomed promptitude the
entertainment of the day commenced with a fire raft, sent down the
river from Fort Jackson, larger and more formidable than any that
had preceded it. The current was running swiftly, the wind was fresh,
and the blazing mass sped fiercely over its watery pathway. It burned
with terrific fury, a high wind sweeping its flames back in fiery
banners; while the pine knots, crackling and roaring, sent their
forked flames leaping like tongues of fire through the dense column
of smoke which rolled its huge black pall against the azure of the sky,
as it floated past the fleet, scattering a storm of harmless fire on the
water. The mortar boats took it in charge, and the men fell to work
extinguishing the flames. When this was done it was towed ashore to
keep company with its forerunners, a harmless, charred mass of
timbers.
During the day the bombardment was continued. The forts for a
time responded with more determination even than they had
previously exhibited. Attempts were made by the rebels to repair the
massive fragments of the chain, and to destroy one of the Federal
vessels by a submarine torpedo, but without success. The fifth day
proved like the others, but it became apparent that the crisis of the
contest was approaching. The mortar boats continued their usual
practice during the night, and on the return of day, (Wednesday, the
23d,) renewed the severer labors of the bombardment.
There was an ominous silence on the part of the forts. The look-
outs at the mast-heads reported that the shells were doing their work
at Fort St. Philip, and that there were twelve steamers in sight. The
forts maintained profound silence during the day, and this
circumstance occasioned much discussion on the Federal vessels. On
consideration, it was deemed that the time had come to hazard an
attempt to run the forts, destroy the rebel fleet, and ascend to New
Orleans. The Itasca was selected as the picket boat, to advance and
ascertain whether the chain had been repaired; and the fleet of ships
and gunboats was alive with enthusiasm and excitement, at the
prospect of running the gauntlet of fire which would be opened on
either side when their desperate attempt became known. Not only
were the two forts to be passed, but the rebel fleet, with its monster
of destruction, the Manassas, and the fire-rafts which would be let
loose upon them, to spread conflagration and death in their most
fearful forms: while a foe desperate with energy and hate, was
working the formidable engines of destruction.
At eleven o’clock, P. M., the Itasca signalled that the chain was clear.
Everything was quiet around the fleet, save the hissing of the steam
as it escaped from the boilers. The night was moderately dark, and a
gentle southerly wind made the weather rather hazy. The mortar
vessels kept up an incessant roar, and bright globes ascended high
aloft to curve downward in fury at the forts. The second division,
under Captain Bailey (of the Colorado), formed on the left bank of
the river, while the third division was in the centre of the lines—the
first division lying on the right bank of the river.
The fleet was to sail in the following order:—
First Division—Flag-officer Farragut commanding: Hartford,
Brooklyn, Richmond.
Second Division—Captain Bailey commanding: Cayuga, Pensacola,
Mississippi, Oneida, Varuna, Katahdin, Kineo, Wissahickon,
Portsmouth, towed by J. P. Jackson.
Third Division—Captain Bell commanding: Sciota, Iroquois,
Pinola, Itasca, Winona, Kennebec.
At one o’clock all hands were called, hammocks stowed, and
everything put in readiness to weigh.
At two o’clock on the morning of the 24th, red lights at the peak of
the Hartford announced the time to get underweigh. At three o’clock
the moon rose, and a silvery path was marked out on the swift waters
of the river, so soon to be the scene of one of the grandest naval
fights known to history. The moon had lifted itself above the horizon
just thirty minutes, when the fleet sailed in order for the battle-
ground. In the dim distance could be seen the signal fires of the
enemy, built to light up the river, and reveal the position of the fleet.
At precisely twenty minutes of four o’clock the enemy opened fire
from Fort St. Philip. At that moment the star-spangled banner was
hoisted at the peak of the Hartford. Full speed was given to the ship,
the engineers performed their duty nobly, and on she went, as it
were, into the jaws of death. At the time the enemy opened fire the
mortar vessels went to work, and the rapidity with which they threw
shells at the enemy was terrific.
At five minutes to four o’clock the bow gun of the Hartford belched
forth fire and smoke, and a messenger, in the shape of a nine-inch
shell, was sent to Fort Jackson. In a few minutes more the broadside
firing was commenced. Both forts were replying as fast as they could.
Broadside after broadside was delivered to them in rapid succession,
while the mortar vessels lent their aid to make the scene one of
wonderful grandeur.
BOMBARDMENT OF FORTS
JACKSON AND ST. PHILIP,
APRIL 24, 1862.

1. Fort Jackson.
2. Fort St. Philip.
3. Federal Ships of War and Gunboats.
4. Rebel Gunboats and Rams.

A scene like this has probably never before been witnessed.


Steadily the vessels steamed on, the forts firing rifle shot and shell,
ten-inch columbiads, forty-two, thirty-two and twenty-four pounder
balls, while the thirteen steamers of the enemy, and the floating
battery Louisiana, were pouring into and around the fleet a storm of
iron perfectly indescribable. Not satisfied with this, one fire raft after
another was kindled, and set adrift to do their fiery work. The ram
was busy trying to force them under the bows of the Federal vessels.
One of them approached the Hartford, when Captain Broome opened
on her with two nine-inch guns. An explosion—a loud burst of terrific
cries and wails,—a careen, and the rebel steamer, with its wretched
multitude of victims, plunged beneath the waters, and disappeared
from view. The rebel vessels were crowded with troops, who fired
volleys of rifle balls, most of which did no harm. Their steamers were
bold and fearless; but no sooner did they come in sight of our
gunners than they were sunk. The Varuna sunk six of them one after
another.
In the midst of this awful scene a tremendous fire raft came down
the river, and the ram shoved her under the port-quarter of the
Hartford. The flames caught her rigging and side, and for a moment
it seemed as though the flag-ship must fall a prey to the flames. A fire
was also burning on the berth-deck. The fire hose was on hand, and
the crew soon subdued the flames, and gave the ram a return of rifle
shell. She, however, returned to the onset, when some other vessel
assaulted her, and she hauled off. During this stage of affairs the
Hartford grounded, and her fate seemed to be sealed; but the men
worked splendidly, and the engineers soon got the ship astern and
afloat. The scene of the engagement at this time almost defies the
power of description. The river and its banks were one sheet of
flame, and the messengers of death were moving with lightning
swiftness in all directions. Steadily the Federal fleet poured upon the
enemy their shell and grape, interspersed with shrapnel. The rebel
boats were fast being riddled by well directed broadsides, and their
commanders who were able made for the shore to run them on the
bank and save their lives. Some were on fire and others were sinking.
The crews of the Union fleet broke out in frequent cheers as they saw
the havoc that was made, and the retreat of the rebel vessels. The
flag-ship had been on fire three times, and was riddled from stem to
stern. The cabin was completely shattered, the starboard steerage
torn up, and the armory severely damaged.
After being under a terrific fire for one hour and twenty minutes,
the Federal vessels passed the forts. The flag-ship was badly cut up
with a shot through the mainmast, two in the stern, and several
through her. Language cannot give an adequate idea of the
engagement. Wrapped up in smoke, shot and shell were whistling
around, above, before and in the rear; flames from fire-rafts
encircling the ships, splinters flying in all directions, shells bursting
overhead; while the roar and booming of the guns rolled almost
incessantly, and made the contest as destructive as it was terrible.
So effective had been the work of the fleet, that at half-past five
o’clock no less than eleven rebel steamers were in flames along each
side of the river. The Federal vessels steamed up to the Quarantine to
anchor, when the Manassas made her appearance, and saucily fired
at the Richmond.
The Mississippi being near at hand, put about for the ram, with the
intention of running her down. The Manassas endeavored to elude
the attack, but finding the Mississippi gaining on her, ran into the
bank of the river, and immediately about thirty men came up out of
the hatch and went on shore. The Mississippi fired two or three
broadsides into her, and boarded her, but finding that she was of no
importance, again fired into her, and she drifted down the river,
sinking very fast.
Besides the ram, the rebels had a heavy floating battery, called the
Louisiana, which carried eight large guns, and which occasioned a
good deal of annoyance, although, to use the language of the
Charleston Mercury, it was a complete failure. In addition to this,
they had an immense steam-ram, called the Mississippi, which had
just been launched, but which was then unfinished. She was a
propeller, with three screws and six engines, and to be mounted with
twenty guns of the largest calibre. She was twice as large and
powerful as the Merrimac, and without a gun would have been
almost sufficient to have run down the Federal fleet. There was,
however, about forty days’ work required to complete her, and to
prevent her falling into the hands of the victors, she was scuttled, set
on fire and sunk.
At six A. M., the Varuna, Commander Boggs, was attacked by the
Morgan, iron-clad about the bow, commanded by Beverly Kennion,
an ex-naval officer. This vessel raked her along the port gangway,
killing four and wounding nine of the crew, butting the Varuna on
the quarter, and again on the starboard side. Three three-inch shells
were fired into her abaft her armor, also several shot from the after
rifled gun, when she dropped out of action, partially disabled.
While still engaged with her, another rebel steamer, iron-clad, with
a prow under water, struck the Varuna in the port gangway, doing
considerable damage. The Varuna’s shot glanced from her bow. She
backed off for another blow, and struck again in the same place,
crushing in the side; but by going ahead fast, the concussion drew
her bow around, and the Varuna was able with the port guns to give
her, while close alongside, five eight-inch shells abaft her armor. This
settled her and drove her ashore in flames. Finding the Varuna
sinking, she was run into the bank, when they let go her anchor, and
tied her up to the trees. During all this time the guns were actively at
work, crippling the Morgan, which was making feeble efforts to get
up steam.
The fire was kept up until the water was over the gun-trucks, when
attention was turned to getting the wounded and the crew out of the
vessel. The Oneida, Captain Lee, seeing the condition of the Varuna,
had rushed to her assistance, but was not needed, and the Morgan
surrendered to her, having over fifty of her crew killed and wounded.
She was set on fire by her commander.
In fifteen minutes from the time the Varuna was struck, she was
on the bottom, with only her topgallant forecastle out of water. The
officers and crew lost everything they possessed, no one thinking of
leaving his station until driven thence by water.
The Federal vessels made their rendezvous at the Quarantine,
some miles above the forts, and took possession of the camp of the
Chalmette regiment of rebel sharpshooters, some of whom escaped,
while the others surrendered, and were paroled. The officers were
taken to the flag-ship and paroled. The wounded men of the various
ships were now carefully attended to. The heroic dead who had fallen
in defence of their flag were taken ashore, and laid in their last
resting-place, in a manner worthy of the cause in which they had
shed their blood, and the national flag was left floating over their
graves. The Federal loss was 30 killed and 120 wounded. The loss of
the rebels was very severe, some of the estimates making it as high as
800 or 1,000 in killed and wounded.
THE SURRENDER OF THE FORTS.
When the fleet started in its attempt to pass the forts, the mortar
vessels opened a tremendous fire, which was continued until five
o’clock, when they were signalled to cease. During the forenoon,
Commodore Porter dispatched Captain Grant, in the Owasco, with a
flag of truce, to demand the surrender of the forts. The vessel
approached Fort St. Philip to within about a mile, when the batteries
were opened upon her and five shots were fired, upon which she
withdrew. The flag of truce was hauled down, but soon afterwards a
boat flying a flag of truce at her bows, and the secession flag at her
stern, approached, and Captain Grant went out and held a
conference with the rebel officer. He offered an apology in behalf of
his superior officer for the unintentional firing upon the flag of truce,
declaring that its color had not been seen, and could not be
distinguished in the distance. He then returned to the fort, and the
bombs again commenced their thunders, which lasted until
Commodore Porter ordered the fleet down the river.
Oh the 25th, Commodore Porter sent six of the mortar vessels to
guard the bayous in the rear of Fort Jackson, when three of them, the
Henry Janes, Kittatinny and Geo. W. Maryham, on the 26th, drifted
off to Fort Livingston, a stronghold of the rebels, guarding one of the
passages. There was a flag of truce flying on the fort, and on boats
being sent ashore, they found the place deserted by all except several
men, women and children, who resided on the island. The Federals
found eleven 32-pounders, three 12-pound howitzers, two 24-
pounders, one 8-inch columbiad, one 80-pound rifled cannon, one
thousand 32-pound shot, and other articles of minor importance.
The fort was in good condition, with all its property. It was left in
charge of Acting Master Tamsen, of the U. S. navy.
On the 28th, Lieutenant-Colonel Higgins, commanding the forts,
sent a communication to the Commodore, offering to surrender. The
Harriet Lane (flag-ship) accordingly steamed up to the forts, and
received the commander on board, when the articles of capitulation
were drawn up and signed. Not to prolong the contest by very
exacting terms, Commodore Porter received the forts and property,
and allowed Brigadier-General Duncan, commander of coast
defences, and Lieutenant-Colonel Higgins, commanding the forts, to
retain their side arms, under parole. The other officers and privates
were to retire on parole, giving up all arms and accoutrements, the
United States to transport the men from the forts.
Three steamers of the rebel fleet remained, and were under the
direction of Commander J. K. Mitchell. Lieutenant-Colonel Higgins
said he had no command over them, and was not responsible for
their conduct. While the flag of truce was up, and the capitulation
was under conference, they towed the iron floating battery,
Louisiana, to a place above the forts, set it on fire, and turned it adrift
upon the Federal fleet. The guns soon becoming heated, began to
discharge, throwing their shot around the river, and in a little while
the battery itself exploded with a terrific report, scattering the
fragments all over the river, and wounding one of their own men in
Fort St. Philip.
As soon as the terms of capitulation were concluded and signed,
Commodore Porter started for the rebel fleet. One vessel had been
sunk by the Federal guns during the consultation, and another was
taken by the Commodore. He immediately put the officers in close
confinement, for the attempt to blow up the Federal vessels while
under the flag of truce.
While the reduction and surrender of the forts was effected
apparently by the fleet, it was evident that they could have held out
in defiance of the bombardment for an indefinite period. The
successful passage of the gunboat fleet threw an immense force
above the forts, while a competent force remained below. In addition
to this, General Butler had succeeded in finding a passage for a
portion of his land forces through the channels in the rear of Fort St.
Philip, and thus threatened the forts in a direction where they were
easily vulnerable. Under these circumstances a considerable part of
the garrison revolted, on the night of the 27th, refused to serve, and
demanded a surrender, because defence was no longer of the least
service to their main purpose, that of defending the approach to the
city. The discontented part of the troops, about two hundred in
number, were permitted to leave the fort, and they proceeded to the
Quarantine and gave themselves up to General Butler. This timely
co-operation of General Butler led to the decision of the commander,
and on the following morning the capitulation was completed, and
the national flag was restored to the walls of Forts Jackson and St.
Philip.
The forts were placed in command of General Phelps. Fort Jackson
suffered most from the bombardment, the chief object being to
compel its surrender, Commodore Porter knowing that the other
would inevitably follow. Nearly 8,000 shells and round shot were
thrown from the Federal fleet, of which more than 2,000 fell into or
exploded over the forts. More than 1,100 were counted on the ground
near the forts, lying around after the capture.

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