1.

to establish устанавливать
to be established быть установленным
2. throughout повсюду
3. the right to … право на …
4. still тем не менее, все еще
5. to pay платить
payment плата
6. to write out a prescription выписать рецепт
7. to cost стоить
cost стоимость
8. course of treatment курс лечения
9. indirect social insurance taxes косвенные выплаты населения через
налоги по линии соц. обеспечения
10. rather довольно
11. upon the whole в целом
12. budget бюджет
13. region регион
14. province область
15. district участок, район
16. Regional Health Committee региональный комитет
здравоохранения
17. to oblige обязывать
to be obliged to … быть обязанным
18. private частный
private patient частный пациент
private doctor частный доктор
19. nursing home частная лечебница
20. to choose выбирать
21. to change изменять
22. to wish хотеть, желать
23. state service государственная служба
24. specialist узко-специализированный врач
25. the General Practitioner Service служба врачей общей практики
26. the Hospital and Specialist больничная и специализированная
Service служба
27. Local Health Authority Service местные органы здравоохранения
28. according to … согласно, соответственно
29. quite совершенно, полностью
30. to acquire приобретать
31. equipment оборудование
32. need нужда, нуждаться
33. attention внимание
34. to register регистрировать
35. partner партнер
36. to be (have) on the list быть занесенным в список
37. necessity необходимость
38. entirely полностью
39. section отделение
40. “pay-beds” платные койки
41. a few несколько
42. consultant консультант
43. houseman or resident врач, живущий при больнице
44. to gain приобретать
1
45. experience опыт
46. Hospital Management комитет по управлению больницей
Committee
47. to include включать
48. elderly people пожилые люди
49. inoculation прививки
50. in spite of … несмотря на …
51. to carry out выполнять
52. wide-spread широко распространенный
53. hepatitis гепатит
54. measles корь
55. whooping cough коклюш
56. scarlet fever скарлатина
57. flu грипп
58. pneumonia пневмония
59. bronchitis бронхит
60. to compare сравнивать
61. mortality смертность
62. to reduce сокращать
63. death смерть
64. malignant tumor злокачественная опухоль
65. urgent неотложный, крайне необходимый
66. shortage недостаток
67. recently недавно
68. either … or … или … или …
69. to join присоединяться
70. unemployed безработный
71. to leave for abroad уезжать за границу
72. to cause вызывать, быть причиной
73. owner владелец, собственник

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE IN GREAT BRITAIN

The NHS was established throughout the United Kingdom in 1948. The right to free medical
care is the result of the struggle of British workers for their social rights. Medical aid has become
free in the Country, but the population still pays money for the medical service, e.g., writing out a
prescription costs 5,25 pounds, stomatologic aid costs 10 pounds for the course of treatment.
Indirect social insurance taxes, some part of which is for HS, are also rather high. Upon the whole,
NHS is financed through the state and local budgets.
All the country is divided into 14 hospital regions, 90 provinces and 205 districts. The
Regional Health Committee is responsible for the organization of medical care on its territory.
People are not obliged to use the Service; they may still go to the doctors as private patients. In
big towns there are some private and financially independent hospitals (called "nursing homes”),
which people may use. The patient is free to choose his doctor and to change to another if he wishes
to do so. The doctor may have private patients and work in the state service at the same time.
The NHS consists of 3 main parts: 1) the General Practitioner Service 2) the Hospital and
Specialist Service, and 3) Local Health Authority Service.

A GENERAL PRACTITIONER (a family doctor) works according to his contract with the organs
of HS, but his work is quite independent. He himself chooses the rooms for his work, acquires
medical equipment and selects his assistants. If a person needs medical attention he must first go to
his general practitioner or have the general practitioner come to see him. Usually he goes to the

2
doctor with whom he is registered or to one of his partners. A person away from home may go to
any doctor. Every general practitioner has 2,000 - 3,500 (it's the maximum) persons on his list. He
receives payment from the health service funds of about one pound for each patient on his list. A
general practitioner is not a specialized doctor - he cures diseases of all kinds, which are met in his
district, only in the case of necessity directing his patients to the hospital for the cure by specialists.

THE HOSPITAL AND SPECIALIST SERVICE: In the hospital all treatment is free. Some NHS
hospitals have sections in which patients may pay for private rooms, and even where there are no
"pay-beds" there are a few, small rooms for non-paying patients who used them. Each hospital is
staffed with consultants and "housemen" or "residents". The housemen are newly qualified doctors
who spend a year or two in hospitals gaining experience. At the head of each hospital there is a
Hospital Management Committee.

LOCAL HEALTH AUTHORITY includes the centres of mother and child, inoculation and
immunization work, the staff of nurses for visiting patients at home and for helping the elderly
people and babies. In spite of the large prophylactic work which is carried out by the Service many
infectious diseases are wide-spread over the Country: infectious hepatitis, measles, whopping cough,
scarlet fever, etc. Flu, pneumonia and bronchitis are met more often compared with other countries.
But the mortality rate from infectious diseases and TB has greatly reduced. The following illnesses
serve the main reasons of death in most of the cases: 1) the diseases of the circulatory system and
diseases of the vessels of the central nervous system, 2) malignant tumours, and 3) pneumonias.
There are many problems in the NHS today. The most urgent of them are the following ones: the
shortage of modern hospitals, nurses and doctors. The Government plans to increase the number of
doctors and hospitals in the country, but it doesn't allocate the necessary funds for HS. These funds
are being constantly reduced. Many hospitals have been closed recently. The doctors and nurses
become unemployed or leave for abroad. The reduction of the state budgets for the HS causes the
development of private medicine. Pharmaceutical industry is fully in the hands of private owners.
The cost for medical service in private hospitals is very high, and it is very difficult for an ordinary
man to take care of his health in case of illness