𝑝𝑝1 = 70 kPa

𝑇𝑇1 = 300 K
𝑀𝑀1 = 2

𝜃𝜃2−1 = 𝜃𝜃1 = 5°
𝑀𝑀2 = 1.82125390077
𝛽𝛽2−1 = 34.3015749942°
𝑝𝑝2
= 1.31540694149
𝑝𝑝1

𝛾𝛾
𝛾𝛾 − 1 2 𝛾𝛾−1
𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑜,2 = 𝑝𝑝2 �1 + 𝑀𝑀2 �
2
𝛾𝛾
𝑝𝑝2 𝛾𝛾 − 1 2 𝛾𝛾−1
= 𝑝𝑝1 �1 + 𝑀𝑀2 �
𝑝𝑝1 2
 = 546.563157495 kPa

𝜃𝜃3−2 = 𝜃𝜃2 = 7°
𝑀𝑀3 = 1.57879283903
𝛽𝛽3−2 = 40.0287452461°
𝑝𝑝3
= 1.43415089294
𝑝𝑝2

𝛾𝛾
𝛾𝛾 − 1 2 𝛾𝛾−1
𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑜,3 = 𝑝𝑝3 �1 + 𝑀𝑀3 �
2
𝛾𝛾
𝑝𝑝3 𝑝𝑝2 𝛾𝛾 − 1 2 𝛾𝛾−1
= 𝑝𝑝 �1 + 𝑀𝑀3 �
𝑝𝑝2 𝑝𝑝1 1 2
= 543.962858875 kPa

𝑀𝑀2 sin2 𝛽𝛽 − 1
tan 𝜃𝜃 = 2 cot 𝛽𝛽
𝑀𝑀2 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2
𝑀𝑀22 sin2 𝛽𝛽3−2 − 1
tan 𝜃𝜃2 = tan 𝜃𝜃3−2 = 2 cot 𝛽𝛽3−2
𝑀𝑀22 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2

minimum:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑(tan 𝜃𝜃)
=0
𝑑𝑑(tan 𝜃𝜃) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀2 sin2 𝛽𝛽 − 1
cos 2 𝜃𝜃 �2 cot 𝛽𝛽 2 �=0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2
𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀2 sin 2𝛽𝛽 − 2 cot 𝛽𝛽
� �=0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀2 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2
𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀2 sin 2𝛽𝛽 𝑑𝑑 cot 𝛽𝛽
� 2 �=2 � 2 �
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2
 𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀2 sin 2𝛽𝛽 𝑑𝑑 sin 2𝛽𝛽
� 2 �= � �
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2
𝑀𝑀2
2
2 cos 2𝛽𝛽 �𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 � − sin 2𝛽𝛽 (−2 sin 2𝛽𝛽)
= 𝑀𝑀
2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
2 2 2
2 cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 sin 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 cos 2𝛽𝛽 �𝛾𝛾 + 2 �
= 𝑀𝑀
2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
2
2 + 2 cos 2𝛽𝛽 �𝛾𝛾 + 2 �
= 𝑀𝑀
2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
2 2
2 + 2(1 − 2 sin 𝛽𝛽) �𝛾𝛾 + 2 �
= 𝑀𝑀
2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
2 2
−4 �𝛾𝛾 + 2 � sin2 𝛽𝛽 + 2 �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + 2 �
= 𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀
2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀

𝑑𝑑 cot 𝛽𝛽 2 𝑑𝑑 cot 𝛽𝛽
2 � 2 �= 2 � �
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑀 (𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽) + 2 𝑀𝑀 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2
𝑀𝑀2
2 2
2 − csc 𝛽𝛽 �𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 𝑀𝑀2 � − cot 𝛽𝛽 (−2 sin 2𝛽𝛽)
= 2
𝑀𝑀 2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
1 2 2 2
2 − sin2 𝛽𝛽 �𝛾𝛾 + 1 − 2 sin 𝛽𝛽 + 𝑀𝑀2 � + 4(1 − sin 𝛽𝛽)
= 2
𝑀𝑀 2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
4 2 2
−4 sin 𝛽𝛽 + 6 sin 𝛽𝛽 − �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
2 sin2 𝛽𝛽
= 2
𝑀𝑀 2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
 2
−4 sin4 𝛽𝛽 + 6 sin2 𝛽𝛽 − �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + �
2 2 𝑀𝑀2
−4 �𝛾𝛾 + � sin2 𝛽𝛽 + 2 �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀2 𝑀𝑀 = 2 sin2 𝛽𝛽
2 2 𝑀𝑀2 2 2
�𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 � �𝛾𝛾 + cos 2𝛽𝛽 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀
2 2 2 2
−4 �𝛾𝛾 + 2 � sin2 𝛽𝛽 + 2 �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + 2 � = 2 2 �−4 sin4 𝛽𝛽 + 6 sin2 𝛽𝛽 − �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + 2 ��
𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀 sin 𝛽𝛽 𝑀𝑀
2
−(2𝛾𝛾𝑀𝑀2 + 4) sin4 𝛽𝛽 + �(𝛾𝛾 + 1)𝑀𝑀2 + 2� sin2 𝛽𝛽 = −4 sin4 𝛽𝛽 + 6 sin2 𝛽𝛽 − �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + 2 �
𝑀𝑀
2 4 2 2
2
2𝛾𝛾𝑀𝑀 sin 𝛽𝛽 + (4 − (𝛾𝛾 + 1)𝑀𝑀 ) sin 𝛽𝛽 − �𝛾𝛾 + 1 + 2 � = 0
𝑀𝑀
(1 2 (1 2
+ 𝛾𝛾)𝑀𝑀 − 4 + 𝛾𝛾)𝑀𝑀 + 2
sin4 𝛽𝛽 − sin2 𝛽𝛽 − =0
2𝛾𝛾𝑀𝑀2 2𝛾𝛾𝑀𝑀4
(1 + 𝛾𝛾)𝑀𝑀2 − 4 � (1 + 𝛾𝛾)𝑀𝑀2 − 4 2 (1 + 𝛾𝛾)𝑀𝑀2 + 2
+ � � −4
2𝛾𝛾𝑀𝑀 2 2𝛾𝛾𝑀𝑀 2 2𝛾𝛾𝑀𝑀4
sin2 𝛽𝛽 =
2
Solving the quadratic equation for 𝑀𝑀 = 1.82125390077,

sin2 𝛽𝛽2,max = 0.820517182587

sin 𝛽𝛽2,max = 0.905824035112
𝛽𝛽2,max = 64.9344964079°
𝜃𝜃2,max = 19.6204258591°
(a)

At A, upper oblique shockwave 𝜃𝜃 = 4°, lower oblique shockwave 𝜃𝜃 = 8°

At C, expansion wave 𝜃𝜃 = 8°

At B, expansion wave 𝜃𝜃 = 16°

Using calculator for oblique shockwave:

𝑀𝑀1 = 1.85681950
𝑝𝑝1
= 1.24673795
𝑝𝑝∞

𝑀𝑀3 = 1.71374392
 𝑝𝑝3
= 1.53998228
𝑝𝑝∞

Prandtl-Meyer relation for expansion wave:

𝛾𝛾 + 1 𝛾𝛾 − 1 2
𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀) = � tan−1 � (𝑀𝑀 − 1) − tan−1 �𝑀𝑀2 − 1
𝛾𝛾 − 1 𝛾𝛾 + 1

For expansion wave at C,

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀1 ) = 0.390226330312 rad

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀2 ) = 𝜃𝜃2−1 + 𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀1 ) = 0.529852670472 rad
𝑀𝑀2 = 2.14746063161592
𝛾𝛾
𝛾𝛾 − 1 2 𝛾𝛾−1
1+
𝑝𝑝2
=� 2 𝑀𝑀1 � = 0.636525726001
𝑝𝑝1 𝛾𝛾 − 1
1 + 2 𝑀𝑀22

For expansion wave at B,

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀3 ) = 0.317879050956 rad

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀4 ) = 𝜃𝜃4−3 + 𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀3 ) = 0.597131731275 rad
𝑀𝑀4 = 2.29722262349377
𝛾𝛾
𝛾𝛾 − 1 𝛾𝛾−1
𝑝𝑝4 1 + 2 𝑀𝑀32
=� � = 0.40477635975
𝑝𝑝3 𝛾𝛾 − 1
1 + 2 𝑀𝑀42

Thus,

𝑝𝑝1 = 124.673795 kPa

𝑝𝑝3 = 153.998228 kPa
𝑝𝑝2 = 79.3580778756 kPa
𝑝𝑝4 = 62.3348421377 kPa

1 1 𝑝𝑝∞ 1
𝑞𝑞∞ = 𝜌𝜌∞ 𝑉𝑉∞2 = 2
𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝑇𝑇∞ 𝑀𝑀∞ 2
= 𝛾𝛾𝑝𝑝∞ 𝑀𝑀∞
2 2 𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇∞ 2
 𝑝𝑝1 − 𝑝𝑝∞ = 24.673795 kPa
𝑝𝑝3 − 𝑝𝑝∞ = 53.998228 kPa
𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑝𝑝∞ = −20.6419221244 kPa
𝑝𝑝4 − 𝑝𝑝∞ = −37.6651578623 kPa

𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐1 = 𝑐𝑐2 =
2 cos 4°
𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐3 = 𝑐𝑐4 =
2 cos 8°

𝑓𝑓1 = 𝑝𝑝1 𝑐𝑐1

𝑓𝑓2 = 𝑝𝑝2 𝑐𝑐2
𝑓𝑓3 = 𝑝𝑝3 𝑐𝑐3
𝑓𝑓4 = 𝑝𝑝4 𝑐𝑐4

𝐿𝐿
= −𝑓𝑓1 cos 4° − 𝑓𝑓2 cos 4° + 𝑓𝑓3 cos 8° + 𝑓𝑓4 cos 8°
𝑏𝑏

𝐿𝐿⁄𝑏𝑏
𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙 = = 0.0219664236823
𝑞𝑞∞ 𝑐𝑐

𝐷𝐷
= 𝑓𝑓1 sin 4° − 𝑓𝑓2 sin 4° + 𝑓𝑓3 sin 8° − 𝑓𝑓4 sin 8°
𝑏𝑏

𝐷𝐷⁄𝑏𝑏
𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑 = = 0.0286629149824
𝑞𝑞∞ 𝑐𝑐
(b)

At A, upper expansion 𝜃𝜃 = 2°, lower oblique shockwave 𝜃𝜃 = 14°

At C, expansion wave 𝜃𝜃 = 8°

At B, expansion wave 𝜃𝜃 = 16°

Using calculator for oblique shockwave,

𝑀𝑀3 = 1.48660484
𝑝𝑝3
= 2.08755936
𝑝𝑝∞

For expansion wave at A,

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀∞ ) = 0.460413682083 rad

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀1 ) = 𝜃𝜃1−∞ + 𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀∞ ) = 0.495320267123 rad
𝑀𝑀1 = 2.07331377483372
𝛾𝛾
𝛾𝛾 − 1 2 𝛾𝛾−1
1+
𝑝𝑝1
=� 2 𝑀𝑀∞ � = 0.892036030877
𝑝𝑝∞ 𝛾𝛾 − 1
1 + 2 𝑀𝑀12

For expansion wave at C,

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀1 ) = 0.495320267123 rad

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀2 ) = 𝜃𝜃2−1 + 𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀1 ) = 0.634946607283 rad
𝑀𝑀2 = 2.38488715459512
𝛾𝛾
𝛾𝛾 − 1 𝛾𝛾−1
𝑝𝑝2 1 + 2 𝑀𝑀12
=� � = 0.495320267123
𝑝𝑝1 𝛾𝛾 − 1 2
1+ 𝑀𝑀2
2

For expansion wave at B,

𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀3 ) = 0.200905335822 rad

 𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀4 ) = 𝜃𝜃4−3 + 𝑣𝑣(𝑀𝑀3 ) = 0.480158016141 rad
𝑀𝑀4 = 2.04127729832045
𝛾𝛾
𝛾𝛾 − 1 𝛾𝛾−1
𝑝𝑝4 1 + 2 𝑀𝑀32
=� � = 0.43152687451
𝑝𝑝3 𝛾𝛾 − 1
1 + 2 𝑀𝑀42

Thus,

𝑝𝑝1 = 89.2036030877 kPa

𝑝𝑝3 = 208.755936 kPa
𝑝𝑝2 = 54.7968731275 kPa
𝑝𝑝4 = 90.0837965975 kPa

1 1 𝑝𝑝∞ 1
𝑞𝑞∞ = 𝜌𝜌∞ 𝑉𝑉∞2 = 2
𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝑇𝑇∞ 𝑀𝑀∞ 2
= 𝛾𝛾𝑝𝑝∞ 𝑀𝑀∞
2 2 𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇∞ 2
𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐1 = 𝑐𝑐2 =
2 cos 4°
𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐3 = 𝑐𝑐4 =
2 cos 8°

𝑓𝑓1 = 𝑝𝑝1 𝑐𝑐1

𝑓𝑓2 = 𝑝𝑝2 𝑐𝑐2
𝑓𝑓3 = 𝑝𝑝3 𝑐𝑐3
𝑓𝑓4 = 𝑝𝑝4 𝑐𝑐4

𝐿𝐿
= −𝑓𝑓1 cos(4 − 6)° − 𝑓𝑓2 cos(4 + 6)° + 𝑓𝑓3 cos(8 + 6)° + 𝑓𝑓4 cos(8 − 6)°
𝑏𝑏

𝐿𝐿⁄𝑏𝑏
𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙 = = 0.271421758989
𝑞𝑞∞ 𝑐𝑐
𝐷𝐷
= 𝑓𝑓1 sin(4 − 6)° − 𝑓𝑓2 sin(4 + 6)° + 𝑓𝑓3 sin(8 + 6)° − 𝑓𝑓4 sin(8 − 6)°
𝑏𝑏

𝐷𝐷⁄𝑏𝑏
𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑 = = 0.0627942831304
𝑞𝑞∞ 𝑐𝑐