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ISSN 2306-4099

2 (4) 2013
2012 .

77-49339 10 2012 .

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E-mail: arch.pov@mail.ru
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POVOLSKA ARHEOLOGI. 2 (4) 2013

(THE VOLGA RIVER REGION ARCHAEOLOGY)
CONTENTS
Zelentsova O.V., Sitdikov A.G. On the anniversary of archaeologist
(Yu.A. Zeleneev is 60 years old) ..........................................................................6

Articles
Nikitin V.V. Some problems of early neolithic
of forest belts of the Middle Volga ....................................................................11
Solovev B.S. Cultural components of the Ust-Vetluzhsky burial ...........................18
Chizhevsky A.A. Initial period of investigation the Late Bronze
and Early Iron ages in Volga-Kama area. Field studies .....................................40
Chizhevsky A.A. Initial period of investigation the Late Bronze
and Early Iron Ages in Volga-Kama area. Office analytical studies ..................64
Yablonsky L.T. Early Sarmatian knight .................................................................104
Demkin V.A. , Demkina T.S., Khomutova T.E., Yeltsov M.V.,
Udaltsov S.N., Kashirskaya N.N. Underkurgan paleosoils
of the Lower Volga steppes as indicators of climate dynamics
during historical time .......................................................................................126
Stavitsky V.V. The funeral rite of teshskaya group
of Mordovian burials in IIIVII centuries .......................................................143
Nikitina T.B. Waist pouches/bags from medieval burial places
of the Vetluga-Vyatka interfluve area ...............................................................151
Vikhlyaev V.I. Settling of the mordovians
in the IIId the early XIIIth centuries .............................................................162
Chkhaidze V.N., Druzhinina I.A. Reflection of social stratification
in funeral ceremonialism of nomads of steppe Ciscaucasia
in the Golden Horde time: discussion continuation .........................................171
Ivanov V.A. The problem of formation of the Golden Hordes
imperial culture and its role as an area-forming factor
for peoples of the Ural-Volga region ...............................................................179
Rudenko K.A. Nomads in Bulgar Ulus of the Golden Horde
(according to archeology) ................................................................................189

POVOLSKA ARHEOLOGI. 2 (4) 2013

(THE VOLGA RIVER REGION ARCHAEOLOGY)

Publications
Valiev R.R., Pigarev E.M., Mukhamadiev A.G., Sitdikov A.G.
Archaeological research of the Bolnichny bugor
of the Selitrennoe settlement in 20062009 ....................................................212
Poluboyarinova M.D. Trading stock from the Bolgar settlement .........................252
Kubankin D.A., Sergeeva O.V. A hoard from the Uvek settlement
(accidental find in 1994) ..................................................................................259
Fedulov M.I., Volkov A.V. Subject collection of burial ground
Kukshylidy in the funds of the Chuvash national museum
(on materials of excavations by P.P. Efimenko in 1926) ..................................272
Vorobeva E.E., Kalygina Zh.S. The funeral ware of the Tikhvinsky necropolis
of the Tsarevokokshaisk: preliminary results of the study ...............................279
Vorobeva E.E., Ivanova Yu.N. Bodys crosses of Tsarevokokshaisk
necropolises (to the question of systematization) ............................................291
Shigapov M.B. Investigations on the settlement Kashan I in 2012 .......................299
List of abbreviations .............................................................................................307
Rules for authors ...................................................................................................309

 2 (4) 2013

(.. 60 )

2013 . .. , ..
, .
. . , . (ncai@mail.ru)
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2 (4) 2013

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- , , .

.. VIII
. , 2003.
.., .. 2
// . 1992. 1.
.. , // . . . . . ., 1987.
.. . (. . . IV). -,
1996.
..
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.. . (. . . IX).
-, 2011.
.., ..
( ) // . . . VII. -, 2002.

 2 (4) 2013

.. . .: , 1969.
.. VII // . 1982.
169.
SOME PROBLEMS OF EARLY NEOLITHIC
OF FOREST BELTS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA

V.V. Nikitin
Keywords: Early Neolithic, Samara, the Upper Volga, stroke-ornamented, drawn, flat
bottom, thin, belt of holes.
Question of the cultural identity early Neolithic systems with flat-bottomed cookware,
decorated in the art pinned of Mari Volga is considered. The author identifies a number of
problems of the Middle Volga Neolithic process: 1 whether to serve as a cultural and chronological sign silt and clay materials, 2 the problem of establishing the lower limit of the
Neolithic process, 3 the role of social factors in Neolithic process, 4 issue of isolation
of culture determines signs, 5 the role of the primary source, 6 issue of the original allocation of Early Neolithic (Dubovskaya and tarskaya) culture. Conclusion: Based on a
comprehensive analysis of the material culture of the carriers of flat-bottomed cookware
with stroke-ornamented decor of Mari lowlands Dubovskay and otarskaya culture is allocated, that is kinship of Samara and the Upper Volga, genetically related to the forest-steppe
elshanskiy formation.

2 (4) 2013

2013 . ..
- ,
. .. , . - (srb@inbox.ru)
: , - ,
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.
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.

. . , 1985.
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.. ( ) // . . . VIII. -, 2003.
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.. - // (IV
). -, 2007.
.. - . , 1981.
.., .., .. . , 1994.
.. . , 1986.
.., .., .., ..
// -
. , 1998.
.., .. // ..
. 1. , 2003.

 2 (4) 2013

.. . .: , 2010.
.. . // . 1996 . .
2. , 1997.
.. . , 2002.
.., ., .
// . 2005. 4.
.., .. // .
1961. 97.
.. - . , 1988.
.. 1985 . // . , 1987.
..
-: , , : . .
. . . ., 2011.
.., ..
// . 1976 2.
- ..
// . 1955. 46.
..
- // . . 2. , 2004.
.., .. // . . ,
2000.
.. -. ,
1992.
.. // . ., 2002.
.., .., ..
I // . . 3. ,
2003.
.. // . 1976.
2.
.. //
. , 1976.
.. 1 //
1. ., 1997.
.. - : // .
2011. . 225.
.. // XVI: -
. -, 2011.

10

2 (4) 2013

.. //
- . . 6. , 2008.
.. -
// - . , 2010.
.. //
- . . 1. , 1989.
.., .. .
, 1988.
.. - . // - : , , . , 2003.
.. //
// . 1961. 97.
.. // . 1962. 111. (.
. . . . IV).
.., ..
// - : , , . , 2003.
.., .., .., .., .. : . , 2001.
.. :
. . . . . , 2009.
.. . , 1976.
.. . , 1977.
.., .., .., .. .
, 1989.
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. , 1998.
.., ..
( ) // . . 7. , 1998.
.., .., .. -

// - . , 2001.
.. // . . ,
2000.
.., .., .., ..
: // . II (XVIII) . . I. ., 2008.
.. - // -. (. . 8). -, 1984.
.. ( ) // . (. .
14). -, 1988.

11

 2 (4) 2013

.. . (. . . VI).
-, 2000.
.. // - : , , . ,
2003.
.. (-) ( 2001 .)
// . , 2003.
.. (-) ( 2001
2004 .) // . 2005. 4.
.. -
// -. .
. 30. -, 2007.
.. - // . . 5.
-, 2010.
.., .. //
. ,
2006.
.. // .
1960. 90.
.. - // . 1965. 130.
.. -
// ( ). , 1976.
.. // . . 124. .: , 1980.
.. //
. . 1. , 1989.
.., .., .. // .
. . III. -, 1966.
.. . , 1992.
.. // . 1972.
172.
.., .., .., ..
: // . 2002. 1.
.., ..
(- ). .: , 1989.
.., .., .. :
IVIII . .. // . . 2. ., 2011.
., . - // . 2005. 4.
Janne Ikaheimo. Arheogisista tutkimuksista alisessa Oulujokilaaksossa 19952000 //
Arkeologia suomessa arkeologi i Findland. Helsinki, 2002.
Liangren Zhang. Metal trade in Bronz Age Central Eurasia // J. Mei and Th. Rehren.
Metallurgy and Civilisation: Eurasia and Beyond Archetype. London, 2009.

12

2 (4) 2013

CULTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE UST-VETLUZHSKY BURIAL

B.S. Solovev
Keywords: the Late Bronze Age, the Seima-Turbinskiy phenomenon, burial, funeral
rites, grave goods, cultural components.
Article focuses on the cultural components of the Ust-Vetluzhsky burial, located near
the village Yurino of Mari El Republic. The author summarizes a brief description of the
burial rite and inventory. Researcher identified two substrates based on the analysis of the
complex and clothing analogies. The first relates to Nizhnekamsk and the Volga-Oka and
Seima Turbinskiy, the second connected with forest-steppe Abashevsk and Pokrov groups.
There have been signs of a significant cultural integration of two different groups. The
question of the presence of the media in the cemetery of the Middle Abashevskaya culture
is considered.

13

 2 (4) 2013

-.

2013 . ..
. . ,
. (chijevski@mail.ru)
: , ,
, .
- ( XVIII . 1920- ).

.. ( ) // . 1859.
27.
.. ( ) // . 1859.
28.
.. ( ) // . 1859.
29.
.. ( ) // . 1859.
30.
.. // . 1860. . XXIX, 6.
.. . :
, 1865.
.. ,

.. // -
.. . ,
1906.
.. . //
. 18791880. . III, . 2.
.. // .. .
. . . 1. .,
1893.
.
// . 1917. . 1.
. .: , 1976.
. 1909 .
// . 1910. . XXVI, . 4.

14

2 (4) 2013

.. , 1910, 1912, 1913 //

. ., 1914. . 4.
.. . .:
.. , 1902. . I.
.. . .: , 1904. . II.
.. - // .
1929. . XXXIV, . 34.
.. //
. 1861. 3.
.. // . 1908.
. XXIII, .6.
.. . - // .
1920. . I.
.. //
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: //
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.., .. . , 2011.
.. . 1911 . // . . 2, . 3. , 1912.
.. // 19121913 . . ., 1914.
.. . // . 1914. . XXIV.
// . 1844. . 5.
.. , . : , 1884.
.. // . 1937. . II.
.. // . 1952.
30.
. . // . I . ., 1871.
.. : XIX XX . ( ) // .
-99. , 1999.
.. ( 18931895 .) // . 1895. . XIII, .3.
., .
// ( 150- ) , 2009. ( . . 8).

15

 2 (4) 2013

.. // . 1920.
78.
.. // . 2010. 2.
..
// . 1879. T. I.
.. //
. 1905. . XXI, .3.
.. , ,
1881 // . 1884. . III.
.. // . , 1981.
.., .., .. :
. : , 2007.
.., .. : , // -
( 150- ). , 2009. (
. . 8).
.., .. : // - ( 150-
). , 2009. ( .
. 8).
.. (
.. , .. .. // . 65-
. , 2012.
.., .. . . 1860-
. // . .: , 2012.
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.. // 1865 . ., 1866.
// . . ., 1868. . VI.
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1891. . 2.
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.. ( ) //
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16

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( 1912 .) // . 19121913
(1914). 44. 290.
// . 1885. . IV.
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1769 1770 . .: . , 1770.
.. , . .: . , 1762. . 2.
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.. // . , 1895. . XII,
. 4.
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..
// .
. : . ,
1889.
.. .
// . ., 1893. . 1.

17

 2 (4) 2013

.. // . 1901. XII, . III.

.. // .
., 1902. 26.
.. 1898 // . . 1916. . 60.
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. , 1896. . I.
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.. (18471919 .) // . 1920.
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.. .. // 25
. , 1922.
.. // . 1923. 2.
.. II // . , 1930.
.. .. 1898 . // . ., 1933. . 2.
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4 // . 1879. . II.
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. XIX, . 1.
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suvun asumus-aloilta. II. Rauta-aik. Antiquits du Nord finno-ougrien. Helsinki-Helsingfors. 1877. Vol. II.
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1897. Vol. LVI (1895).

18

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Chudjakov M. Die Ausgrabungen von P.A. Ponomarev in Maklaseevka im Jahre 1882

// FUF. 1926. Bd. XVIII.
Chudjakov M. Die Keramik des begrbnisplatzes im dorf Poljanki // FUF. 1926.
Bd. XVIII.
Salminen T. Suomen tieteelliset voittomaat. Venj ja Siperia suomalaisessa arkeologiassa 18701935 (Summary: Lands of Conquest. Russia and Siberia in Finnish archaeology 18701935) // SMYA. Helsinki. 2003. T. 110.
Tallgren A.M. Harakkavuorten kylss. Pivkirjastani It-Venjlt. // Kylkirjaston
Kuvalehti. 1909. B.II.
Tallgren A.M. Sorotsji Gorin muinaislinna // Suomen Museo. 1910. 17.
Tallgren A.M. Die Kupfer- und Bronzezeit in Nordwestrussland. Die ltere Metallzeit
in Ostrussland // SMYA. 1911. T. XXV.
Tallgren A.M. Collection Zaoussailov an Musee historique de Finlande a-Helsingfors. Helsinki, 1916. Vol.I.
Tallgren A.M. Collection Zaussalov au Muse National de Finlande a Helsingfors.
Monographie de la section de lge du fer et lepoque dite de Bolgary. Helsinki, 1918.
Vol.II.
Tallgren A.M. Lepoque dite dAnanino dans la Russie orientale // SMYA. 1919.
T. 31:1.
Tallgren A.M. Ausgrabungen in Maklaeevka // Eurasia Septentrionalis Antiqua.
1927. Bd. I.
Tolmatschew N.A. ber die Urgrabhugel beim Dorfe Ananino // Separat-Abdruck
eins gemeinsamen Versammlung der Deutschen und Wiener antropologischen Gesellschaften 1889 in Wien gehaltenen Vortages. Wien, 1890.
INITIAL PERIOD OF INVESTIGATION THE LATE BRONZE
AND EARLY IRON AGES IN VOLGA-KAMA AREA. FIELD STUDIES

.. Chizhevsky
Keywords: research history, the Early Iron Age, the Late Bronze Age, the Ananino
culture.
The article deals with initial period of field investigation the Late Bronze and Early Iron
Ages of Volga-Kama area (the end of XVIII century the beginning of 1920th).

19

 2 (4) 2013

-.
-

2013 . ..
. . ,
. (chijevski@mail.ru)
. , ,
, .
- ( XVIII . 1920- .). , . 1.
XX . 2.
. 3. . 4. . ,
.

.. // . 1860. . XXIX, 6.
.. . ..
// . 1895. 6.
- .. -
// . XV . , 1911. . I.
..
// . IV . , 1884. . I.
K.M. // .. . .: . .. , 1865.
.. . .: ,
2011.
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.. . .: . , 1910.
.. . // . 1914. . XXIV.
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.. XIII // . ., 1841. . IV, . 2.

20

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- . ,
// . ., 1820. . 64, XXXIV.
- . ,
// . ., 1820. . 64, XXXV.
- . ,
// . ., 1820. . 64, XXXVI.
- . , // . ., 1820. . 64,
XXXVIII.
- . ,
// . ., 1820. . 64, XXXIX.
- . , // . ., 1820. . 64, XL.
- . // . ., 1820. . 113, 17.
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- . // . ., 1838. . I, . 3.
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) // . .: .
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24

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Baye le baron J. de. La ncropole dAnanino (Gouvernement de Viatka, Russie) //

Mmoires de la Socit National des Antiquaires de France. Paris: Librairie nilsson,
1897. Vol. LVI (1895).
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1882 // FUF. 1926. Bd. XVIII.
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de la Sosiete imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou. 1860. 4.
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Blatt // Opuscula archaeoiogica Oscari Montelio scptuagenario dicata. Stockholm,
1913.
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T. 31:1.
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INITIAL PERIOD OF INVESTIGATION THE LATE BRONZE
AND EARLY IRON AGES IN VOLGA-KAMA AREA.
OFFICE ANALYTICAL STUDIES

.. Chizhevsky
Keywords: research history, the Early Iron Age, the Late Bronze Age, the Ananino
culture.
The article deals with initial period of investigation the Late Bronze and Early Iron
Ages of Volga-Kama area (the end of XVIII century the beginning of 1920th). Within the
framework of the period the author singles out four main problems studied by researchers.
1. The Bronze Age and partition the Early Iron Age sites off it during the beginning of XX
century. 2. Ethnical determination of population and archaeological cultures. 3. Topography
of the settlements and hill-forts usage interpretation. 4. Funeral rite systematic. The local
issues had been noticed sporadically by the researches has been made into separate bloc.

25

 2 (4) 2013

2013 . ..
, . (yablonsky.leonid@yandex.ru)
: , , ,
.
. (
.) , ,
.
: . -
, - 2000 !

.., ..
1: - // . . . ., . 110-
. . 12. .: , . 2012.
. 4753.
.. - // . . 1961. . 139144.
..
VII . .. ( . ) // . 2011. 3.
. 4254.
.. VII . .. . ( ) // . 2012. 2. . 8290.
.., .. VIIIII . .. .,
1994.
.. :
// . ., 2001. . 2637.
.., .. 2 4 1 ( ) // - . , 2008.
.., .. (
-1 ) // . . VI
. . . :
, 2007. . 1623.
.. // . 1961. 101.

26

2 (4) 2013

.., ..
-I // (VIII .
..). . 1, 2. .: ., 2012. . I. . 282284.
.. IVIII . .. ( ) // .
. I. , 2001.
() .., .., .. -1 // ( .).
.. // . 7. . ., 2006. . 277296.
.. // . . . . 60- .. . ;
, 2009. . 418426.
..
1 // Terra scythica. . Terra scythica. : , 2011. . 379392.
.. //
. VII . . -: , 2011. . 234240.
.., .., ..
1 // - 1 . .: , 2011. . 158174.
.., .., .. 4 1 // . 2011. 4 (279). . 219
250.
Pshenichnuk A. The Filippovka Kurgans at the Heart of the Eurasian Steppe // The
Golden Deer of Eurasia. (J. Aruz, A. Farkas, A. Alekseev, E. Korolkova ed.). New
York: Metropoletan Museum, 2000. P. 2130.
Yablonsky L.T. New excavations of th Early Nomadic Burial Ground at Filippovka.
Southern Ural Region, Russia // AJA. 2010. 114, 129143.
Yablonsky L.T., Rukavishnikova I.V., Shemakhanskaya M.S. Lpe dore de Filippovka // Archeologia. 494. Decembre, 2011. . 5057.
EARLY SARMATIAN KNIGHT

L.T. Yablonsky
Keywords: Early Sarmatian culture, Southern Ural region, armament, elite warrior.
In time of burial grounds in s. Filippovka (Ileksky area of the Orenburg region) study a
large amount of armaments, as well as accessories that help reconstruct the military costume
were found. All the items can be divided into two large groups: offensive and defensive. The
reconstructed image Early Sarmatian elite warrior look a bit like medieval Western knight but
Sarmatian knight somewhere in the 2,000 years older!

27

 2 (4) 2013

2013 . .. , .. , .. ,
.. , .. , ..
-
, . (demkin@issp.serpukhov.su)
: , , , .
, -, - (IV . .. IV . ..)
( , ). , , , , 2400
1600 ,

3050 . /, - ,
.
,
. -
100200 .
, (- ), () I . .., I IV . ..,
IVIII . .., II III .
..
II . .. III . ..

.., ..
- - ( ) //
. ., 1991.
.., .., .. . -
( - ). : SYNCHROBOOK, 2010.
.., .., ..
// . 2000.
9.

28

2 (4) 2013

.., .., .., .. ,

// . 2007. 6.
.., .., .., .. // . 2009. 5.
.., .., .., .., .., .. // . 2010. 10.
.., .., .. //
. ., 1991.
.. . . . . . . ., 2004.
.., ..
// . 2008. 1.
.., ..
. : , 1997.
..
. , 2008.
.., .., .. //
. 2004. . 73, 2.
.., .., .. // . 2011. 12.
Demkina T.S., Khomutova T.E., Kashirskaya N.N., Demkina E.V., Stretovich I.V.,
El-Registan G.I. and Demkin V.A. Age and activation of microbial communities in soils
burial mounds and in recent surface soils of steppe zone // Eurasian Soil Science. 2008.
Vol. 41, 13.
Enzel Y., Bookman R., Sharon D., Gvirtzman H., Dayan U., Ziv B., Stein M. Late
Holocene climates of the Near East deduced from Dead Sea level variations and modern
winter rainfall // Quaternary Research. 2003. Vol. 60.
Frostegard A., Tunlid A., Baath E. Microbial biomass measured as total lipid phosphate in soils of different organic content // J. Microbiol. Methods. 1991. Vol. 14.
Findlay R.H., King G.M., Watling L. Efficacy of phospholipid analysis in determining
microbial biomass in sedimends // Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1989.
Vol. 55, 11.
Khomutova T.E., Demkina T.S., Borisov A.V. and et al. An assessment of changes in
properties of steppe kurgan paleosoils in relation to prevailing climates over recent millennia // Quaternary Research. 2007. Vol. 67, 3.

29

 2 (4) 2013

UNDERKURGAN PALEOSOILS OF THE LOWER VOLGA STEPPES AS

INDICATORS OF CLIMATE DYNAMICS DURING HISTORICAL TIME

V.A. Demkin , T.S. Demkina, T.E. Khomutova,

M.V. Yeltsov, S.N. Udaltsov, N.N. Kashirskaya
Keywords: paleosoils, paleoclimate humidity, sarmatian epoch, steppes.
The studies of paleosoils buried beneath kurgan embankments of the early, middle, and
late sarmatian time (IV c. BC AD IV c.) were carried out in the dry and desert steppes
of the Lower Volga (Privolzhskaya and Yergeninskaya uplands, Cis-Caspian Lowland). It
was established that within chronointerval 24001600 years ago temporal variability of
morphological, chemical, microbiological, and magnetic properties of paleosoils was rhythmic
and was conditioned by the centennial dynamics of climate humidity with oscillations of
mean annual precipitation rate within 3050 mm. Periodical change of humid and arid
climatic epochs influenced considerably on the processes of salinization-desalinization,
solonetz and humus formation, biological activity of paleosoils of the solonetz complexes.
This stimulated essential changes in the structure of soil cover with reversal evolutionary
transformations of paleosoils on the levels of types, genera or species within several decades
of years. Under the shifts to arid conditions these paleosoils changed again to solonetzes and
zonal chestnut soils. Natural conditions within the existence of the sarmatian culture society
may be characterized as alternation of micropluvial and microarid periods with 100200
years duration. In particular, both in dry (Volga-Don interfluve) and in desert (Trans-Volga)
steppes I c. BC, AD I and IV cc. were characterized by relatively humid conditions, while
IVIII cc. BC, AD second half II first half III cc. were most arid. Intermediate and close
to modern time humidity situation took place in AD first half II c. and in the second half of
III c.

30

2 (4) 2013

IIIVII .

2013 . ..
,
. (stawiczky.v@yandex.ru)
: , , ,
, .

, . .
: IIIIV ., V . VIVII .
IV . . ,
.
. VI .
,
.

.. I II . .. // ..,
.., ..
. . . II. , 1959. . 1354.
(): . 1. .,
2004. 384 .
.. // : . (. . . 93). ., 1997.
. 2028.
.. - // 1 ..
( ). , 1997. . 1215.
.. : . , 1977. 98 .
.. --
IVII . // - : . II . . . -. , 2000. . 4850.
.. - . . . ... . . . ., 2008. 17 .
.. //
. . . 48. , 1975.
.. //
.., .., ..
: . . II. , 1959. . 5588.

31

 2 (4) 2013

.. : . , 1976. 112 .
.. // . 1959. 1.
. 218227.
.., .. // . ,
1979. . 134140.
.. VII . //
- . -, 1987. . 90
116.
.. ( 19661969 .) // . ., 1974.
.. . ., 1980. 224 .
.. I II .. ,
2001. 322 .
.. //
. , 2008. . 4855.
.. // I .. ., 2007. . 246275.
.., ..
// . , 2003.
. 330339.
THE FUNERAL RITE OF TESHSKAYA GROUP
OF MORDOVIAN BURIALS IN IIIVII CENTURIES

V.V. Stavitsky
Keywords: funeral rites, the early Middle Ages, cremation, Abramovskij burial,
Mordovians.
The article describes the funeral rites of the northern group of Mordovian monuments
located in the basin of Tesha. Changing of funeral traditions was analyzed in three periods:
IIIIV centuries, V c. and VIVII centuries. During the second half of the IV centure people
came from the Middle or Upper Oka to the basin of Tesha. It leads to the spread of cremation. Later, these traditions are becoming obsolete. By the VI centure ordinary lay of burials
at the Abramovskij cemetery replaced by the group one, indicating the social changes in the
life of at this time.

32

2 (4) 2013

/
-

2013 . ..
- ,
. .. ,
. - (tshikaeva@yandex.ru)
: - , , ,
, , , , .
/ - 4 . 1 , (IXXI .).
, .

.. IXXI . . , 1973 199 .

.., .., ..
. , 2009. 283 .
.., .. :
. . , 2009. 598 .
.., .., .. - ( III . ..) // . . 5. -, 2010. . 106121.
.. // XXIII .
. 2. . ., 2008. . 57142.
.. IXXIII . . // . , 1991. . 140180.
..
IXXI . // I .. (
). 2. , 2001. . 170179.
.. , IXXIV .: . , 2007. 207 .
.. ( ). ., 1992. 333 .
.. . . , 2007. 351 .

33

 2 (4) 2013

VIIIXI .
.. . , 1952.
VIIIXI . (
.. 19271928 ). . . III.
, 1969.
.. IXXI . - . , 2012. 407 .
- .. // - // . 1984. . 8.
. IX
X . .. // . ., 1972.
. 128144.
Arbman Y. Birka I: Die Grber. Tafeln. Uppsala, 1940.
The Ancient Hungarians. Exhibition Cataloque. Ed. by Istvan Fodor. Budapest,
1996. 479 .
WAIST POUCHES/BAGS FROM MEDIEVAL BURIAL PLACES
OF THE VETLUGA-VYATKA INTERFLUVE AREA

T.B. Nikitina
Keywords: the Vetluga-Vyatka interfluve, the Kama region, the Middle Ages,
the Mari, the Ugric peoples, the Bulgars, costume, trade links.
The waist pouches/bags found in the burial places of the Vetluga-Vyatka interfluve are of
four types. The first type was the most widespread in the area, a typical part of a medieval
(IXXI centuries) Mari costume. The second type appeared there because of cultural and
trade contacts between the Mari and their neighbours, that is, the Bulgars in the first place.

34

2 (4) 2013

III XIII .

2013 . ..

. .. (galada@list.ru)
: , , .
.

.. I II . .. / .. ,
.. , .. //
. : . . -, 1959. . 1359.
.. . .: - . , 1962. 523 .
. .
( ) // . II (XVIII) . . . . II.
.: , 2008. . 308 311.
.., .., .. (
-). , 1998. 286 .
.. . .: , 2001. 190 .
.. I .. //
. ., 1974. . 2628.
.. . : .
, 2000. 132 .
.., .., .., .. IXIV . . ,
2008. 350 .
.. // . V
. ., . .. -. ; , 2011. . 1821.
.. // . 2011. 1. . 510.
.. ( ) //
. (. - . . LXIII). .,
1960. . 562.
.. - X .: - ,
1932.
.. . :
. -, 1977. 88 .

35

 2 (4) 2013

.. // . 1952. 28. 276 .

.. ( XIII )
// . . 15. , 1952. . 17 197.
.. I .. // . 1964 . , 1965.
. 5361.
.. - //
XXVII . . . .
. (, 1987 .). .: , 1987. . 261263.
.., .. XIIXIII . // : . , 2000. . 1719.
.. ( ) // - : . II .
. . -. , 2000. . 5260.
SETTLING OF THE MORDOVIANS
IN THE IIId THE EARLY XIIIth CENTURIES

V.I. Vikhlyaev
Keywords: border settling, burial place, the Mordovians.
The article is concerned with changes in the geographical extension of the Mordovians
over a thousand year period, and it defines its reasons as well.

36

2 (4) 2013

: 1

2013 . .. , ..
, .
(chkhaidze.v@yandex.ru, inga_druzh@mail.ru)
: , , , , .


. ..

,

,
.

.. - IX
XIII . (, , ) // . .. .
., 2008.
.., ..
// . 1987. 4.
.., .., .., .. /
- . . VI. ., 2006.
.. // . . 9. , 2008.
.. //
. . 10. , 2009.
.. // . 20072008.
. ., 2009.
.. :
// : , , . III . . . , 2010.
.., .., ..
. ; ., 2011.

37

 2 (4) 2013

.. // . 2001. . .,
2002.
.., ..
// . . 5. , 2005.
.. //
. 2. , 2007.
.. //
. II. , 2007.
.. // . -
(XIIIXV .). . 1. , 2009.
.. : ? // : . , . , 30 2011 . , 2011.
.. --
( ) ( ) // . 1. , 2011.
.. //
. , 2004.
.. . ,
2005.
.. - ( ) // . , 2006.
.. // .
. 14. , 2011.
.. : .
., 2001.
.. . . .
. ., 2012.
.., .., .. XIIXIV // M
. 10. , 2009.
.. // - . IV. --, 2009.
.. (,
) // , , . . . . . . ., 2010.
..
// i i. 13/14. ,
2010.

38

2 (4) 2013

.. :
// i i ii . . 19. , 2010.
..
// . V . ., . .. - (. , 26 2011 .). ; , 2011.
..
// . . . ., .
.. . , 2011.
.. (
) // . . 10. . , 2012.
..
: // .
11. . , 2012.
.. // . . 7. --,
2012.
.., .. : //
. 8. . , 2010.
.. // . V . ., . .. -.
; , 2011.
.. // : . ., 2012.
- .. . ., 1966.
.. .. (. . ) // . . 11. , 2010.
.., .. XIII 1- . XIV .
// . . 8. . , 2010.
.., .. XIIXIV //
. V . ., . .. . ; , 2011.
.. (
1245 ) // . 6. . , 2008.
.. :
// . 20072008.
. ., 2009.

39

 2 (4) 2013

REFLECTION OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN FUNERAL

CEREMONIALISM OF NOMADS OF STEPPE CISCAUCASIA
IN THE GOLDEN HORDE TIME: DISCUSSION CONTINUATION

V.N. Chkhaidze, I.A. Druzhinina

Keywords: medieval nomads, the Golden Horde, elitism.
The identification of archaeological criteria of nomads burieds eminence is one of the
main theme of the researches in recent years. V.A. Ivanov came to a conclusion that the horse
was the main criterion of prosperity. These conclusions dont find confirmation on materials
of Volga-Don region where rather large number of burials of warriors-riders without burial
of a horse is known. Various mans nomads burials of steppes of Ciscaucasia testify to the
four-level military, socially stratified organization of nomadic society which is differentiated
on arms.

40

2 (4) 2013

-1

2013 . ..

. . , . (ivanov-sanych@rambler.ru)
: , , ,
, .
.
,
, .

.. - XIII
XV . (- ). , 2006.
Tartarica. ; .; ., 2005.
.. . . , 2000.
.. . ., 2001.
.. . , 2003.
.. // . .III.
( ). XIII XV . , 2009.
.., .. // - . , 1999.
.. - II
. . . . . , 1998.
.., .., .. -
XIV . , 2005.
.. . XIV
-. : , 2012.
.. . ,
1999.
.. // : ( ). , 2005.

41

 2 (4) 2013

.. //
. . . I. , 2007.
.., .. - ( 19942000 .).
-, 2009.
.. IXXIII .: (19891992). , 1995.
.. . IXXIII . ,
1998.
.. // - .
, 1999.
.., .. //
. .III. ( ). XIII XV .
, 2009.
.., .. (III
XVI .). , 2007.
.. XI
XV . , 2002.
.. //
. . III. ( ). XIII XV .
, 2009.
.., ..
. I. . , 2008.
.. . , 1978.
.., .. -
VXVI // .
, 1984.
.. .
. ., 1992.
..
XIIIXV . // (IV ). -, 2007.
.. // - .
, 1999.
.. // .
, , . , 1996.
.. VIIIXV . .
: , 2003.
.. II . .. , 2001.
- .. . . .:
, 1976.
- .. . ., 1994.
.. XVI XIX . , 1992.

42

2 (4) 2013

THE PROBLEM OF FORMATION OF THE GOLDEN HORDES

IMPERIAL CULTURE AND ITS ROLE AS AN AREA-FORMING
FACTOR FOR PEOPLES OF THE URAL-VOLGA REGION

V.A. Ivanov
Keywords: the Golden Horde, the imperial culture, the Golden Horde City,
the nomads, forming area.
The article discusses the problem of the formation and existence of a common imperial
culture of the Golden Horde and the degree of influence of the state on the culture of the
neighboring peoples in the region of the Urals and the Volga region. Results of the comparison
of culture and nomadic steppe show that the concept of imperial culture of the Golden
Horde is artificial, and its impact on the culture of the peoples of the region adjacent to the
archaeological materials can not be traced at all.

43

 2 (4) 2013

( )

2013 . ..
,
. (murziha@mail.ru)
: , , , , , , .
XIV . 19601990 . .
. . .
. . ,
.

. , 1988.
.., .., .., .., .., .. . , 1962.
.., .. // :
2002 . , 2004.
.. //
. .: , 1974.
.. .
.: , 1978.
.., .. //
, 135- , 110- .. . , 2004.
.. ( ) // (. . 23). -,
1994.
.. ( ) 199394 . //
. . 1. -, 1998.
.. // . . 1999. 12 (45).
.. : // . . 1. , 2009.
.. . .: , 1984.

44

2 (4) 2013

..
// . 1965. . 104.
.. // : . .: , 1988.
NOMADS IN BULGAR ULUS OF THE GOLDEN HORDE
(ACCORDING TO ARCHEOLOGY)

K.A. Rudenko
Keywords: archeology, nomads, the Golden Horde, bulgars, the Middle Ages,
reconstruction on a skull, Bulgar Ulus.
Article is devoted burial grounds of nomads of XIV century studied on territory of
Tatarstan in 19601990. They are located by two groups. The first group is at the city of
Bolgar. The second group is near to the city of Dzhuketau. Nearby settlements are connected
with these burial grounds. Separate burials of nomads are investigated on cemeteries in the
city of Bolgar. In article the data about employment of these people and reconstruction of
their appearance is cited. It is established that nomads in Bulgar Ulus of the Golden Horde
were in close contact to the basic population of this area.

45

 2 (4) 2013

20062009 .

2013 . .. , .. ,
.. , ..
. . , . (ncai@mail.ru)
- -, . ,
. (pigarev1967@mail.ru)
(), .
: , , , ,
, , .

( -), 20062009 . , .
.

.. , : ( 1922 ). , 1923.
.. - 2007
( XLII). 12. -, 2012. 240 .
.. - 2009
( XLII). . I. -, 2012. 175 .
.. - 2009
( XLII). II. 2. -, 2012. 154 .
.. // . . 2. . . . - , .
.. . , 2011. . 351353.
.. , //
. (. , , . . ). ., 1876.

46

2 (4) 2013

.. XIIIXIV . ., 1985.
.., .. .. // . 1986. 1.
.. ,
// . IV . . 1. , 1884.
.. ,
// . . 4, . 34. ., 1889.
.. . //
4.10.1874 . 31.12.1887 . , 1888.
.. .
. 3, 2. ., 1788.
.. : //
. . ., . 100- .. (19001972). . 2000.
.. . ., 1848.
.. ..
1893 . // 1893 . ., 1895.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE BOLNICHNY BUGOR
OF THE SELITRENNOE SETTLEMENT IN 20062009

R.R. Valiev, E.M. Pigarev, A.G. Mukhamadiev, A.G. Sitdikov

Keywords: settlement, the Middle Ages, the Lower Volga region, the Golden Horde,
archeology, excavations, the Selitrennoe settlement.
The article provides information about the archeological research of Bolnichny bugor of
Selitrennoe settlement (Sarai-al-Maqrus) conducted from 20062009. There is an analysis
of the site development stages and its artifacts. The article presents the schemes of revealed
objects and the illustrations of archeological finds as well.

47

 2 (4) 2013

( 1994 )1

2013 . .. , ..
,
. (kubankin2008@yandex.ru)
, . ,
. (oksana1994@yandex.ru)
: , , , , , .
, , , 1994 . .
,
. , 1360- . .

.. // .
. 12. , 2009.
.. ( 1932
1949 .). .: - , 1954.
.., .. . .; .: -
, 1950.
.. (XIIIXIV
) // . 1975. 2.
. . . .: , 2005.
.. . IXXVII . .: , 2010.
.. XIX
// - . . 5. , 2007.
.. // .
III (XIX) . . II. .; .; , 2011.
.. // . 2012.
1.
/ ., ., .,
., . : ; : -, 2011.
.. . .: , 2000.
.. XXV . .: , 1993.

48

2 (4) 2013

. (
// . 2006. 12.
.., .. // 1967 . .,
1968.
.. // III . . .; .: - ,
1939.
Carswell J. Blue and White. Chinese porcelain around the world. London: The
British Museum Press, 2000.
A HOARD FROM THE UVEK SETTLEMENT
(ACCIDENTAL FIND IN 1994)

D.A. Kubankin, O.V. Sergeeva

Keywords: the Golden Hordes town Uvek, crockery, lighting fixtures, lampad,
bronze mirrors, Christian quarter.
A publication is presented of a hoard of crockery, metal lamps, mirrors and a lampad,
incidentally found in the ancient city of Uvek in 1994. Detailed descriptions of the finds are
given in the first part of the paper. In the second part, the authors come to the conclusion that
the complex belonged to a wealthy townsman who resided in a Russian Christian quarter.
The things were probably concealed in the 1360-ties during the tragic events of the civil war
in the Golden Horde.

49

 2 (4) 2013

( .. 1926 .)
2013 . .. , ..
(mfedulov.chuvsu@mail.ru)
, . (volkov_aleksandr00@bk.ru)
: ,
, .
XVII
, 1926 . .. .
,
.

.., ..
. . -, 1993. . 2.
.. 3- 1971 . // . . 1. . 4696.
: . -,
2006.
.. - XVIXIX :
: . ... . . : 07.00.06.
, 2007.
..
(
1926 .) // . 1927. 12.
.. - 19261927 . //
. 1929. . 2.
.. // 1984 . .,
1986.
1926 .: // .
. 2. . . 241.
1926 .: ( .. ) // . . 2. . . 239.
1926 .: // . . 2.
. . 240.
.. . -,
2009.

50

2 (4) 2013

.. ( XVI XVIII .) . -, 1992.

. 25.
4495. 2854.
.. - - : XVI XX .: . ...
. . : 07.00.07. , 2003.
.., .., ..
// . . , 2012. 2.
.. VIVII . - (
- ) // . -, 1985. . 9.
SUBJECT COLLECTION OF BURIAL GROUND KUKSHYLIDY
IN THE FUNDS OF THE CHUVASH NATIONAL MUSEUM
(ON MATERIALS OF EXCAVATIONS BY P.P. EFIMENKO IN 1926)

M.I. Fedulov, A.V. Volkov

Keywords: late medieval burial, funeral inventory and decoration, Mari culture.
The article was first published subject collection of Mari burial of the XVII century,
excavated by P.P. Efimenko in 1926. Findings are described in accordance with the modern
classification, as determined by their chronological and ethno-cultural identity.

51

 2 (4) 2013

. :
1

2013 . .. , ..
- , . -
(veer47@mail.ru, zhannet13@bk.ru)
: , , ,
. , XVIII XX ., , , , ().
. -
. XVIII XX .
. . , . XVIII XX .

-. -, 1987.
.. XVIII
XX // XVII . . ,
1922 2007 . ; , 2007.
.. - . .: - ,
1988.
THE FUNERAL WARE OF THE TIKHVINSKY NECROPOLIS OF
THE TSAREVOKOKSHAISK: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE STUDY

E.E. Vorobeva, Zh.S. Kalygina

Keywords: the Republic of Mari El, archeology, the Tikhvinsky necropolis, city
Tsarevokokshaisk, the end of XVIIIth the early of XXth centuries, ritual objects,
glassware, funeral ceramic ware, stamps (seals).
The article is devoted to the study of the Tikhvinsky necropolis in Yoshkar-Ola sity (the
Republic of Mari El). It dates from the late XVIIIth early of the XXth centuries. In the
course of the archaeological study of the necropolis were obtained significant number of
artifacts. Among the total number of findings should be made so-called burial dishes. This
category of burial is of great interest for studying the funerary culture, way of life of the
population of the Tsarevokokshaisk in the end of XVIIIth the early of the XXth centuries.

52

2 (4) 2013

( )1

2013 . .. , ..
- ,
. - (veer47@mail.ru)
: , , , . , , , , .
.
XVII
XIX . , .
.

. . .
. ., 2011.
.. - XVII . //
. XVII . ., 1999.
/ . . .. .,
1851.
.. . ., 1908. . 811.
.. -
// IIV . . . . , 1985.
.. XVIII . ( ) // :
II . .-. . , 2004.
.., .., .. . XXX .
., 2003.

53

 2 (4) 2013

BODYS CROSSES OF TSAREVOKOKSHAISK NECROPOLISES

(TO THE QUESTION OF SYSTEMATIZATION)

E.E. Vorobeva, Yu.N. Ivanova

Keywords: the Republic of Mari El, archaeology, necropolis, Tsarevokokshaisk city,
the later middle ages, modern age, bodys cross, a cross, a typology.
The article is devoted to the little-studied problem of funerary culture of the late Middle
Ages and modern ages bodys crosses. For the first time material from archaeological
excavations of Tsarevokokshaisk necropolises of the XVIIth first half of the XIXth centuries
was summarizes. Their comprehensive analysis allowed us to give detailed chronological and
typological characteristics of certain types of the crosses, retrace their evolution. The article
analyses data about the role and place of bodys crosses in the mortuary cult.

54

2 (4) 2013

I 2012

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55

 2 (4) 2013

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE SETTLEMENT KASHAN I IN 2012

M.B. Shigapov
Keywords: the settlement Kashan I, the Volga Bulgaria, the Golden Horde,
fortifications, ramparts, the cultural layer.
The article represents the materials on investigations of the crumbling settlement Kashan I in 2012. As a result of archaeological excavations have been found artifacts of the
Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde Ages, mainly fragments of pottery. In the course of the
data was confirmed that defensive wall embankment settlement is a relatively complicated
constructive.

56

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57

 2 (4) 2013

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AJA American Journal of Archaeology.
ESA Eurasia septentrionalis antiqua.
FUF Finno-Ugrischen Forschungen. Helsinki.
SMYA Suomen Muinaismuistoihdistyksen Aikakauskirja.

58

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60

.. . 1977 . //
. 1977. -1. 6695.
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Chalikova E.A., Chalikov A.H. Altungarn an der Kama und im Ural: Das Grberfeld
von Bolschie Tigani. Budapest, 1981.
:
,
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:
THE MESOLITHIC ENEOLITHIC FLINT ASSEMBLAGES
FROM THE NORTH PART OF IK BELAYA INTERFLUENT AREA
M.Sh. Galimova
Keywords: Mesolithic, Neolithic, Eneolithic, flint, blade industries, burial
assemblages, Volga-Kama region.
The article deals with a problem of chronological division of basic multilayer
settlements of stone eneolithic age situated near the mouth of Belaya river (left tributary
of Kama), on the bank of Azibey lake etc.
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61