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..l,lli!io,irr:6erotra, Ho lI 3itariltre,tbno ycKopnerctt efo rBeitAculte B paHHet\{
: l r , r': ; : l a c T C .
l-lpurreHeHr.reAo6aBot{-ycKoptll'eJlefi ll axrusll3aropoB rsepAeHus. K ra-
,.,:iri -to(taslia\{ oTHOcrlTCfl X.IOpl.lAbl (Ka.nbI{I1fl, HaTpItfl, aI{uollllfl, xeJie3il,
'(lis.rluilrtlt narpun), uleJotlil ll,lll .lefKo rl'tApoJIi.{-
-: : ic\1illrrir.1. cv.;tl$arur ,
:, ,iiticcfi co,1Ii u_lc,roliilbtx NleTa.rl,,roB (collil KaJIbllllillll,r(iiillllHa,l, KBactltrl

29
i<arleBL,te, {tJrognlitrf lt,l,lt) , }rl1,l.r{oo creK..rto. Kf llcrll.['rTtll{c']T';lio 3arpaI}KIr
B IJl.t/1t' ',l()flKoi'i{),Jit)'fH)i 11l,)orl'. ii'foii f i'i,rli,il'l'iihLrliuclllcill-Ii'
I l a i i ( t r t . r c e p a c l l i / o c t p i i i t ( . ' rt ; , , ' i i l r \ { , i ; o l ] j L t i l 3 \ ' i i r i i l ' l ( - , i jt i B , r l t ' l e T C/i lIo O i l E I { a
l a C l : ) " 6 ; a r o . r i a p r i t i . l ' i o i ) o j ; -I l r l O L I j : ( l c l ' t6r e ] o r t a r l o A -
x , r r O p t r c T o f ol i i t a . r b r - t t i (f C
0i0 ni,rue il0 CpaFlllCHil!o
rio- .qBYXC\"r'OrrriUhr u03lltiiCl'r) ili)llr\ltlDIIo ll?t 5{} !00
c Seroirori 6c3 ;lo6anrli; P, Iii.ril)tieijulell o'f HOcr't i.c'rlbFii,lil 3{pQeK'r -VCKope-
n n f l T B e p A e t r - I t {t r e u p e p b r B n o \ I } r c H b I I I a c T C RI i K 2 8 c y T K a h i l r l l } o q l t o C r b 6 e T o -
(lr.'l Lo6aeoi{ (BCc-
r r a c A 0 6 a B I r r M r l M a , , r qo ' r i t u q a e r c n o r I r p o l t F r o c ' r nd e r o l t a
fo Ha l0- 15%)
H a t r 5 o . i i r , u e e v c F t ( i p c t 1 i l c1 ' B C p / l t ' i l l i t ln p l x , r l t l i l i ' . R x c x . r l i ) l l l i c l ' o r o K i t " 4 b t { l ' I f l
t)6l,l,lll},1}i yc'rloBllflx'
AOCTpltaeTcl A,rtl 4eN.leti,toiJ,I,icll":ic11io Tugf!.ricit)lli.l{x 3
H a n p r i r , l e pi r l J a r { o i l o i l r , l a i l i l c t { o f o i l r i y q t \ o i l a } l o B C i o i l o p ' f , : l i t l l l l t l e } , l c l i T au. f i o -
B b i [ I e i l t t e M a I { T L ] t - r H o c l ' }l1l r l x l c t l T o R a r } r f e n r i l i l l l N { c l r c l l i ' l t l T a l i H I / l o 6 a } r o K
O C , { a 6 r ' I f i e T C f }l ,t C i t 0 , l t r J O B a l l l t e; n e C a ( i l 2 } l 6 i , l c T D t l ll 1 t p , ' t ' - ' i o l i i u x l l C x ' { e H ' r a - \
A a e r o r r r o c i { T c J r b H ot i t S o , t t L i t 0 i i i l l i l p o ( , : ' f I i p o r t t i o c r l , i I J f } i l i l l l c [ 1 B o 3 p a c r e .
C,reAytrr orl\icrLrrb. ru-o ,rJ.circrrR(trttioc'r1- ,'io(liliilil'l (,zrill: lloBl)llllaercfl
rpfi x,rarbtx l]laqcst,i!tr f i i / { {;uccr i . : l t c ( : r , : ( ' c t l^) : i i ' t l { 2 i i o . . i l l r t i l i o l l t l x { e i l l l b t x
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flo"tOr.inTe,rttriltri.\ n:l ),
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VCKopilTe"qrrx4ii
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Vcnop""rr"TBepAeurlfi lpn rr,RcII.['rtul] xxopLi('t'crfo liit.rlbllllfi iI nt)A06l{blx
eNtv BerqecrB o 6 . l , f i c i t f l € t r c r { f , r a R H br,li o6pa3oii,i tl3l'luilellllet'! vc"joRrltl nporc-
KaHHfl $ustrxo-xnnruqecr{HX npoqccco}l TRepJiellllR H orrl;}c]'}l LIficro xIiM14-
qecKllN{tl flR,relIHq11ttr: o6D.?goBzillHc}J ltepacl'Bopli}iLIx Koi\{il,'Iel(ct:lt,lx coeAl{-
rleHr.rH B BH-rIc ABoiil,btx co.iteir r14ua oKCLix,riopll/ia Ka,'Il.llrla I1 x.ropa,'iloMil-
HATA KA,TIbIII-I'1.
X,ropacrr,ru ria.tbul4il rir3"tfle'rcr{ n llcrnOtopilt'i cl'eilellli l l , ' 1a c ' r l l ( b H K a r o -
p O M , C H H X i a t o 1 t 1 L I N , lIr o A O I I O T p u 6 l l O C r b 5 e T { ) l l l l O i j C X ' l g C I l I l p l l [ ' I e p H O H a 5 - - 6 0 / 0 ,
q T O n O 3 B O , ' t f l e T - V M e H b L t l L l T b p a C X O / l U e N l t l l l T a I l " r I U I I O B b i C I J T F ,K O I I C t I I I V I O i l p O q "
rrocrb rle4eHrrrorg KaL\ttJfl. itclr<,ptilottlrtir :(l$cxr CaCl: BOspaCraer c pa3-
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3_4o6 ilpu TenincparypC rBr.ll,irclrnfi2_0nCr,roixer BlrtsBa'rbpe3Koe CoI{pa-


ilIeHHe CpoKOB C-ri!lttTl)tr-raHttf, rrlp il O6biLlllbiX VCJlOIlHflX_IIpOi't3Bor'lCTBa IJe-
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eT TaKXe ofparsirti,rBaTbu3-3a Ro3r{o}Klloli Koppo:rnu cTa"Tbrioii apr'laTvpbi.
T a r , . I , r n H e a p M l i p 0 . q a t i i t i ; t \ I 1 C . . ' l a a - ) o a p r , ' l f i p O B a l i I I6 be l :liO t l o n . r l o n - V C X a e T c , i
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H V r o c o r - t r rC a C i z ( o 6 r , r . r r r o i ( i l i : c r a . r . r 1 r i , r e c t { t 4xi i" r l o p l { t l r b l j i l i a r t ' i i t t t t c o / l c f -
x{u1 irecrb [,to,r1c]('i.tBoA1t); .I.'tu .x{t"1llr:lo6erolltlblx H:JAeJIllii co'lep)N€lllIe
-2 0/b ReCa IteN{trilra. Ecntl
CaCls A o J i l K I I o b o , t u B t l 1 ) L ' 1 1 a0 I. 1 1 , 5
l. e OIIa IlNIee'r 6O"tlllIIyrO
AnaMeTp ftpOBOrlortltoli apl,rarl l)l,i ir{ellCC I .t'i.tt,
yAe,,rbHyt6 iroBepxttocrb, c.liocoa)FI\ to- Koi]poAillloBtlrb, c,Ie/Iver or /Io6aBKI{
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-"
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'f?rliilie RRoilllrb \'lopPICrblii
B npLAe,'Iax l5 2{\ nn' He pei{o)'leilAVercfl
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"
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c o A e p x i a i l . i H B 5 e r . o s s f l n J r r c r c f , \ o i , r o u ; c j i I t ! l 'o\ r' ci lKB((llpi \u' iloop{ lol .3clilio i i A o 6 a n x o i i ,
noi{u;Kaioulcu r.cr,incparvpy 3a\lcp3autit{ llGitl,tlI csDflrt teattltt-'
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i
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pllfl caN{ no ce6e u"'1H }Ke FJcoqe'ra}triii c li,.'loijxcTbi}l I{aJbllrlebl.
. tll.o BBol'tl4Tc't IIpH liohloJIe
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30
K,iIlit{Kepa, Tat(iKe croccScriJ,veT ycT{oili}r$irri TB€:pr'ifitilfl fi(ri'oii:r. O{'rrgcnnr-:'r-
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Bc.nn,rnrta Ao6aBKlr runca Kar( )'cxopure,rix rBep/{erifl11 3ailiicrrr oT' ct}-
lleplKalluH TpeXKar'IbUI4eBOrOa,tl0lx.LliIaTa B UelleIiTe, O'N TOIiKOc'fl'l I]Ol\'lOila
qenICHTa u. fr4rrca 14 oTLracTrl oT yc.notssr?TBep.4eirr{n. c noei,rircnrreN,r co,rlep-
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,'iAtIeCTBC,O!,HOBpelIeIIIl0 IlOBLIC14BTOIII{OCTbIIOI{O"ita ClviCIUU3aeMblX1\'I3T{l-
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Illle rnilca ts l{o,raqec'l'ne 3--40/o (e uepccuere Hr SO3) irpr.r Toilriocril ilO-
l\{o,{a coo'l'r}ercrrBenr-ro or 4000 Ao 5000 c.tL2f z (ilo Torapony).
llpeAc'lar,rrrer HFrrepec coqcrarrue troBepxr]ocrrro-rr{Tutsrrr;l( lr.[ ncrri(lir.I-
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4. Vcxopeurre deroHoBrrpu norburrenubrx


rsep,(enr.rq remnepa"ypfix
a) 7'eepdenue c)rt
tlpu ,nru,rr.pu'rgpe 1A0'C
B nponsnoqcreec6opubrx6eror'rirbixrr )KeJe3o6erolrnr,rx
Ll3.x.e"rir.iii
ti,rrl
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I I p u r e x { t l e p a r y p e 7 5 - 8 0 " C . B e r a x y c J l o i ] n n xo 6 p a 3 \ ' r c l l u e c f l B D e 3 v . j ' r i , r a -
TC peaKufiu rrrApaTaufiIl 14frrrxporu3a lroRoo6pa3oBarrr.ifi He oT,'rurrraroTcfl ir()
cBoeMy cfasoeomy coc'raBy il cBor:icrBar,{ or HoBoo6pasOnauurirrpri 06r,rqrroir
TeMlepaTylle TBepAeHtlfl; I,r3MetrflroTcg,'rfirub HHTeHcr4Br{ocTrr u no"{rioT;]
r rxp o q e c c o B .B q a c r t t o c r f l , c f i o B b r r r J e i t u -
I I p O T ' e K a r o r u ucxp u a n N o - x u t { H q e c K H
eNl TeMnepaTVpl,l 3tlaqtlTeJibllO yCKOpTIC'TCtlfll,{paTai{iltl H llillpO,.[1.13,KaK
11BCflKUC,qp}'itle xu\{rlqecKl4e peaKufiLrl ycFioproTcfi TaK)xe rpouecc r{pfl-
r - r ' l i , r , r i l , r : J a u I IoI .cl o
, 0ettHo.ei:.Jil riTo pacTtsoilul,locrb IIetiol'opt)tx qlo
-r,ri€Ctb,
-I)'KTOB lllApaTarIHrl., KaK, HaUpHNlep, rUApaTa OKttCU Ka,iibr[r{11,C rr0BLr]llB-
lrrieM TeNrlleparypbr rroHrl)Kaercr. Taxnn o6pa3oni, RCe ilporia.ccu, oS,vc,itoB-
.lr.rBarotrIue TBepAeliae ueMeHTHoro KahIHrr H 6eToFIa, B ue,loM cyillecTnerilr0
i cK0pflIoT-ca.
O,uuaxo rBepAeHr4e nopr,'IalIAIIeMeHTFIoio Bsx(yuefo flpu rroBbrrxerrr{blx
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rrrrx yc"noBHfx ilror{eT npHBecTH K npex4eBpeMellfIo}r'y' ilperipar{cr{lrr() Iip{r-
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rfr5 ;rcxoltHT Ir3-3a IIeAocTaToqHofo nocTyn!'rell?tfl BotrbI n i,uyor ueNreilTilrix
llt .lrlrcri, roKpr,iBarouijxcf cpaBFr,riTL.,irbuo 6ltcrpo vr.qo'lirflrou{rrrurrcfl 060,[orr=
rtF i i a i l r H r H . a p a T r l l , r . \r { o B o o 6 p a s o u a r r H r l , a T a K } K e u 3 - 3 a 6 o j l € ] e u r i T c r r c l i l i l i o r " r J ,
ll{' trcr't |Ipu rropMa,TbHbrx Te]\/rIIepaTypax, 14crrapeHuq cBo6oArrofr B"[afft r.t3 6c-
$, roHa B oKpyxarou{ee npocrpaHcrB0. Flar<oueq, ycKopeHil() fipoueccoB Kprr-
cra,ri,'lH3autru ilpoAyKToB fuAparaut4tl B rleMer{TH0M KaMHe npnno4xr i< o6-
: r ; ! 3 c B a H i l [ o K p y n i l o i ( p H C T a , r , r H q e c K ( Jci ri p r t ( 1 \ ' p b ! . B pc3],ri,Tarc llut-{)
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&lsorue ns nepeunc.rreHHbrx lrerocrarxoe ren.rotori o6pa6orxrr Lrory'r
,,,Llrb
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;icilaitcut4flBjlaftl.
O6paliorxa rprl noBl,nueiiuLrx rellilcpa'f)/pax ilo3BorTr{er 3rin{lir€.,Tbilrl
( ' ( ) l ( p a li i r i , C l ) O X I ' l r i l e p l l l e l l u t : B r \ l € C I O / { B y X - T p e X r i e A e , l b , t ; , : U 6 - x O l i l r , r r r , r : r
i l V C . r o B r r f f xo 5 s r , r f i r , t x r o M n e p a r ) , i 1 , i r p i { 8 0 " C I o c ' r a r o : r i i o 8 - 1 0 ry. Tatiat
rt6pa6ortia oco6cI{uo ue"recoo6pa3iia Arfl 6erotloe Ita }{eA,:icinrorlep71CFc-
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.,.r ier.'roBan o6pa6oTra rpu lclrriepaTyile, 6,rtistioit x 100'C.

3l
6) Taepdenue s cpeAe Hscbtt4eHtta?o Ba}nrLoeo nopa rlozbtaeHHoeo }ctl"'Leaun

B sroNI cJrvqae rBepJleirlle oc,vrrieclB,'rfiercfl B aBTor{,'IaBax, Koropbtt


O6r,tqnOe ltpeAe,raX 9-
3 A l o , l H f i r O T C q I I a C b t U { e i r l r b t NI Ir S p O M C A a B , r I e H 1 4 e U
liJ ar u re[,rileparyp aii 174,ti 13 i' C. [Ioni,ruiesuoe Aats,r]eHaeIracbttlteHttofr)
rapa no3Bo,{t{er coxpaHlrrb BoAy a 6erotte r} Kartenbllo->l<ullKoM coclofluHil
Iiplr BbrcoKrzx TeMreparypax, qro co3!,aer 6raronptrnrttlte yc.tioBut{ He
r'oJbr(o A"rrfl ycKopeHi4fl TBep/{cnirs, iro n Anfl o6paaonatu.ir Kar{ecrBertllo IJo-
nbrx IlpoAyKToB fr,rApaTaunLr u no,'lvqeFrr.rfl Aorro"rrrHTeJrbllofo KO.IIilqec'I'Bii
CIl tl're3apOBaHHLIX UeMeIITI4llylolJlUX llCII],eCTB.
A e r b r . ' r a s H a r o 6 p a 6 o r x a 6 e l o r r o e H a r r o p r . r r a u A i { e M e H r eu e n e c o o 6 p a : -
Ha rtHIrIb ftptI rxo6aBJIeHHI.IK Hei\{y x'otlt(o]\tor'Ioroto KpeMfteBet'Itlcl'oro Kot\l-
IIOHeHTa, HanpHMep KBapUeBOTO IIeCKa. tt 3TOlrI C,r'lyqae CoAepiKalql4ecfl B
I{eMeHTe TpexKaJrbuueBbre H AByxr(aJlrrrII{eBbrecH"ri}1KaTbt,a Tax}Ke Ipylfie
tvir4Hepa,'rbIgeailxao/{ericrByror c r(pexr}re3ei\{ox,I,B pe3yJrr,Tare qclo Biuec'ro
ceo6o4uoro fnApara 'lKHClI Ka,'rbunfl, fioJlvqanu{erocfl npli ru4po"tuse c3s,
o6p asyerca Ao[oJlrrlrre,'rbnoe Ko,'Mqec'rtso rtiApocu.In]KaroB Ka,IIbqttq, a BMe-
cro AByxKa,'rbrlrreBofo fr{Apocu.rr.rKara, oopa3ylou{efocfi IIpil fnAparauHll
C2S, no.ryuarorcfl 6onee c'radu.qoFrLtea 6o,ree rpoqHble Hn3KoocltoRHbte rnA-
pocr.rrrr.rKarL,r r{a,rrbrlarr lnna CSH (B) c o6u{efr $opuynofi: xCaO . SiO2'
. nH2O, rAe r rlaxoArlrcfl B npcile,'Iax 0,8--1,5.
B yc,roeunx atsToKJaBuoii o6pa6orxt4 He ro,.'ri,xo cH,rrhKarubIe MHIIepa-
,'rbJ K,'rHHr(epa,Ho 14 a,'rIOMHr{aTbrI4 a,-l}ollo(pcppHTbt }i4,1bul.lR eJaHl\toAel'lcr-
lyroT c ModtoTbrM IiBapqeBbrM recr{oM u,rrurHHblrlr KpeMHe3eMI4cTbIMKOMITO-
lieHTor\r, o6pasya BecrrMa nporrHble L{ croirK}lc KpHCTa.{.'tbI rltApofpaltaro}r,
x a p a x ' r ' e p u 3 y r o u l r x c x B o 6 u e L r lr u A e r p o p n i y ; r o i i 3 C a O ' A 1 2 O 3 ' x S i O z . r z l { s . O .

5. O6reunue 4e$opuaquu deroHa B npouecce rBepAeHL{tl

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, ; r , r \ ) K e i l e 3 0 6 e r O H H r ' r xK C ' r r C T p y K I I I . r(ici r , r . C r p . 1 7 6 ) .
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- 187
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. 6. TeuneparypHbre4eSopuaqu!{ rnepAeroulero derona


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39
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u u e B i A ) ' r ' l e H b n a c r c n ,I r r p o t r t t o c r r , 6 e r o u a H a r e x ) K e N { a r e p t 4 a , r a1x4n p :
f l o q r r r r o ] r ) K e p a c r i c A e I l e l t e l l r a p a c r e r . T a x n m o 6 p a s o l r , y B e n H q L I B a cp a
6o11rl,n.rorireHl4finpu $oplroBauuu fle,ne.rluric oAuoBpenieuubtMrepexoAol
ua \reHee floAtsr.ri"i{ubre rr;ru 5o,ree x{ecriiHe cMecu, A,'to)KHo, nepeHocfl 3rlatii-.
v u e B f I J , o n ,n , r i e n o( p u c . l 0 ) , n o n n u l a r b E p o u H o c r l 6 e r o s a 6 e s y r e l n u e n l ' t .
pacxo.c,auclircHTauJrr lroBbtlileiltlflefo al{TltBHocrll.Aua,roru.illo SToMy ruo-
AA
xreT 6blrb cHllx{etl pacxoA UeMeHra B 6eroHe npfi CoxpaHeHI'lIl ero npOrIHo-
crr! Ha SaAaHI-lOM ypoBHe.
Ceset MexAy npoqHocTblo 6erOsa npg cx{aTHH H creneHbl6 ero -VnJior'
H e H r , t q ,o I { e H H B a e M O u x o a s s u u H e H T O M y n , ' l o T H e H f i f l \ y u , I l o l { a 3 a H a I I a
pHc. ll. llpn Hcno!,tb3oBaHi.tt4 )KecTi{Hx 6eTOHHbIx Cl'lecefi Be.II4r{HHa r(ynn
/to,rrxHa 6rrrl s fipeAe.qax 0,95-0,98.
Kaqecrno 3altoJtHgreJtefi. L{cxOns H3 yc;oBl4fl paBHOilpotIHocTH cTpyg"
TypHbIX cocTaB,'IstoilIl4x B 6eroHe (UenteurHoro KaMHI 14 3epeH I(pynlloro fi
r\re,{Koro 3arroJrH[Ter'r f J11t6o. pacTBOpHOlo \q

xaMHq n KpvnHoro 3ano,'IHHTe,'Ifl) M0)KHO Cqh- \


TaTb, qTO npoqHOCTb 3ano,lHUTe,qtl B,'II'lfleTHa
nporlHocTb 6eroga ,'tlililb B ToM C,'lytiae, I{OrAa ll
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s
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6yenayro npoqHocrb 6eroHa, Ha?I6o,'IeeBaxllyrc >,
s
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MeHTHbIM XaMHeM 14 3epHaMI'I 3a[O,'lHHTe"Ie]l'
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3a[or'rHfiTe,Teri g ueMeHTHblM I(aMUelvl onpeAe- Pt.tc. 11. 3aeuclrnocrb nPoqHo'
,1flIoT C"IeAyl,OU{I,IeXapaKTepI.{CTllKIl npupoA- cru 6erosa or creneHllero Yn'
JrorHeHrrrr npH QlopuoeaHli!1It3-
Hbrx 3anoJrHHTe,'lefi: $opua sepeu I{ KycKoB' AC,'INI,I
crpyKrypHble xapal{repHCrI{KI'I HCX0AHOI{ no-
poAbI, cocroflHHe noBepxHocTll (ulepoxoBa-
TOCTb,Ha,'rUqUeOTKpbITOii IOpIICTOCTHIz ee pacnpeAer'lellue nO noBepXHOCTll
3epeH), a,TaI{}xe oTcyrcTBI{e u,'rH Ha,'rIIqrle f,'tHIlIlcTbIX, I4,'l'tlcTblxl,I nbIJIeBI'I;l-
rrbrx nplrMeceti, CO3AaTUII4XnpenfTCTBI,Ifl AJIS nenOCpeACTBel{HofoI{OHTaKTa
3AI]OJIHI{TC,'Ifl C UCMCHTHbIMI(AMHCM.
n,rq nerxnx 6eroHoe Ha rropltcrblx 3ano,'IHI,tre,'Inx HaI46o;-t8€Ba)Ktlblil{H
flB!'tflIoTCff- IlpOqtrocTb 3aIIO,'IHI'lTeJIqn efo ynpyrae xapaKTepHCTI4KlI' no-
cKo,'rbKy Hx npoqHocTb, I(aK npaBI,I/'IO,HH)Ke npoqHocTl'l pacTBopHoll cocTaR-
Jflroqeryr 6erona HJtpI npl46nux<aercq K Hell. Bmecre c reM, yqllrblBafl no-
BbllxeHHoe cqellJleHae Mex{Ay UeMeHTHbIM KaMHeM I{ nopit:TbIM 3a'
IIo,rrHHTe,'reN{(ruepoxonaraa noBepxHocTb, xopouaq B,llaroorcacblBanulaf
-
cnoco6Hocrb),'MoxHo cI{I4Tarb'tITo 6oree npoqublfl KoMnoHeHTB 6c1'oHc
pacreop - co3aaeT KaK 6lt
[erleHTHbrfl KaMeHb ],IJIH IIeMeHTHo-necr{aHLIfi
- ilopu'
vnpoqHffIolUylo O6o"IotIKy BOKpyr 3epeH 6O,'Iee C,ra6oro KoMIIoHeHra
CTOfO ganO,'tHHTe,'tfl. E,rarOaapn HaAe)KHOCTI4CIIenteHI'1ff O6ectte'IHBaeTCfl
COBMeCTHaqpa6oTa gTUx AByX 3JIeMeHTOBB 6eTOHe Ha BCSX CTAnnr,X HA'
rp)')KeHHfl. 3ro cnoCo6CrByeT !'IyqlxeMy nepepaCnpe.4,e;reHurc Hanpfl)KCIlllli
B JerKoM 6erose u noBbrrueHHroero o6uleil necyrueli cnoco6Hocrll.
FIa npovHocrb 6eroua npr.r c)Karl,ru B,Tlifler raK)Ke Be,'IIlquI{a o6},eMlrol1
KOH(eHTpatIIIn KpynHOIO 3aIOrlHaTe,'Ifl; nplrqeM BJil4flHHe3TO MO]KeT 6ttro
:IBoRKHIvr.B rsxe.ryltx 6eronax npa npHMeHeHuI4 3ano,'IHuTe"qeii c npoqllo-
cTbro, 3aBeAOMO 66,'Ibl1eii, uertrerU upOr{HOCTbpaCTBOpHOfi cocTaBIqIOlUeli,
C yB€;'rlt9€gget\{ O6'beMHOitKOH[eHTpaUUA KpynHOIO 3anO,'IHI]TeIx CO3AaeTCtl
iioHraKTHOe pa3MeXIeHHe 3epeH I.I KyCKOB 3aIIOJIHI'lTeJIfU npOqllOCTb 6eTO-
Ha npr4 npoqnx paBgbrx yc,'roBgflx.Mox{er 6url [oBbrueHa npur{epHo Ha
1b-i60/0 no cpaBHe'r.rn c npoqHocrhto 6erosa c MeHblxei{ KogueHrpaq'eri
XpynHofo 3aIO.rIHHTe,'Ifl.B ,.'IeIKI4X6eTOHax Ha nOpUCTblX saIlo,llHIiTgqffX

.. Trbaxr eec 6eroltHofi cillecl4 B y["Ior-


nyn,: rae ?6arr r $arrnuecxuti o6r'eunlti
l ,y.p-3 c q
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iepuaJoB tta | .tt1 6eroua.
c rrpoqnocrbro,\{eHt,rreli npouuocru pacrBopHoli cocrasnqrcueii, c yBeJrr.rq..
Hlremo6renrsofr r<ou(eurpallr4nKpyrlHofo 3anoJ'rHi4Te,irfl fi coorBercrByloilrrll
y M e H b u e F r H e ) c1o A e p T K a H H rp a c r o o p H o i i c o c r a e , ' r q r o u e f i n p o q H o c ' r b c f r ; .
x { a e r c r r ( n o 1 p o 6 H e ec u . r n . 7 ) .
Mapxn 6erona no npoqHocTrnHa cxarue. Tpe6oraHun, npeA'bfl8,'rfii
Mbre K 6erouy B orHo[IeHr,ruefo npoqHocrlt Ha c)KarEe, saAalorcfl B Bu:
n p o e K r H b r xM a p o K .
f l q 4 N { a p x o f i6 e r o H a n o n p e r { H o c r n H a c ) K a r n e n o H u M a e r c n n p e r t c '
npoqr{ocru npr4 cixarni4 6eroHHstx o6pasuon xy6nuecrofi $opun crar'r,4ap-
H o f o p a 3 r { e p a ( o u M o ) K e r 6 u r n p a s u u M n , T r {p a s H b r xB H A o B6 e r o H a ) , n s r
roBJreuHbrxrrs 6eroHHofi clrecu pa60.refo cocraBa qraHAaprHbrirrcloco6c
II HcrllrrauHbrx B ycraHoBJ{eHI-roM Bo3pacre, o6rrqqo 28-cyrouuom, noc..
rBepAeHrrrB Fropr{a,rbHbrx reMneparyp}Io-BJraxHocrHbrxyc,'ioBHflx(rpn re:,
neparype cpeAbr 201-2" C a orHocrzre,rtHoftBJraxnocrtr cpeAbr 9070).
MapNa 6erona fle,'rrercfl e fi3aectuofi Mepe yc,toBHbrMKpr{TeFrieM npo:
r{ocTl4,TaK KaK rrpnrrflTbleB cTaHAapTeMeToAbr[13roToB,1erilrfl, TBepAe]il::
H HcnblraHfin o6paaqoB r{e coorBercTBy}or yeJroBr.ttrM, npirMe}rfleMbrMi:
n p o x 3 B o n c r e e .B c e q s r c s T H M M a p K y 6 e T o u a c , ' r e A y e rp a c c M a r p n B a r r ri
KaK rroria3are.rl $axruqecxofi lrpegHocri.I 6etoga B Korrcrpyxuur{, a llit,
3Ta,rorr ,4,rrflcotiocrasHttoi o(eriKlf pagruqHhrx tlo cocraBy Il ncxoAHbr]
I\IarepHaJiaM 6eroHoe.
6) ConparuaneHue pscrnweHutu
K a x n y B c e x x p y n K H XK a M e H H b r M
x a r e p n a J r o Bc, o n p o r r ' r B , r r e u a
6e r o r
pacrfix(eHfin SHaqt{TeJ-tbHo Met{bire conpOrIIBJIeHlIqc]KaTr4ro.TaK, A"'rfl Tt
M e J r b r x6 e r o H o s H o p M n p y e M b r 3
ei r a q e H n " + - xo,re6",ircrcR
or 8-i0 (r...
6 e r o H o e M a p o K5 0 - 1 0 0 ) a o l 6 . _ 2 0 ( n n " O * o " o B M a p o K 5 0 0 - 6 0 0 ) , B c p e :
HeM ero Mox{Ho rrpr{HrdMarbpaBHbrM 12-15 (4,ra 6erouoa lrapox 200-
400).
flpoutlocru 6erona Ha pacrttlKeHHe qaue Bcefo oueHr{Baercfl xocnc.
H b r M I l M e r o A a M f l , H a n p r 4 M e pr t o n p o q H o c t l l 6 e r o H n n r x 6 a , r o q e x c ' r a ] t A a l r
Horo pasMepa Ha pacrflx{eHue npa nsru6e, c fiepexoqHr,ruxoe$rpzqrl
ToM K fioKagared'rroflportHocrr4Ha oceBoe pacrrr)KeHl4e,paeubrill 0,58. fl
KasarerTl,tflpoqHocru Ha oceBoe pacrrxe]r]ie MoryT 6l,rru no,nyueurnra:.
x{e u no conpoTHB,'reHHro pacKaJIbrBaHi4r,o o6pas[on xy6r.rueci<ori$opN,
(pen<eulfl liHApnriecKoft ) no $optuyre
D
Rp :0,5187 rceclctr't,,
ff
rAe d - cropoHa xy6rixas c:u;P*u*"-pa3pyuarolqarr Hafpy3Ka B Kac.
C o o r B e r c r s e H H oM a p K a u 6 e r o H a n o n p o r r H o c r n H a c l K a r a e c y q e c .
Bynr MapKH 6eroua rto rlpoqHocru Ha pacrflx{erJr{ec HopMrlp'_r'eMbr\,r14 rrori:
gareaflMr{ lpeAeaa lrpoquocrfi Ha pacrfl)Kenrle npH Hsru6e r.rr'rrrHa oceBl
D
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flpouuocrl 6erona Ha pacrrxeHite B eure 6o,lluteir crenelrrl, qeM r.
c)Karrle, BaBr.tcuror cyMMapHori IoBepxHocra 3ano,qsureneri rr Kaqecr]:
KOHTaKTOB Me)KAy3epHaMI.r3anOJIHI.ITe,'rfl u UeMeHTHbrN,t KaMHet\{,oT collp,
T [ B r e H r . r qu e M e H T H o f oK a M H r rH 3 a r o r r r H T e J r rp a 3 p b r B yH H X y n p y f H x x : ,
paKrepr.rcTHKnpH pacTfxeHaH, a TaK)KeoT n,lorHocrr4 Mr.rKpo-14 MaKp
crpyr{Typbr 6erona, oco6eHuo B Kor{TaKrubrx3oHax.
C yne,rnuerrueM yAe,rrluofi nonepxHocrn KoHraKroB c [epcxoAoM c
oKpyr,'reHHbrx rpaBnenoAo6Htrx 3eperl 3ano,'iHltTe,{fl x 6o"ree cabNUOii, OC-
poyro"rluoli qe6HeeuAHoft $opue 3epeH, a raxlrie c [oBrJrrreHrreMcrerret.
uepoxoBarocrl4 noBepxnocreil H BJaroorcacbreafilu{ericnoco6socrg sailo..
Ultre,reu nJIOl]{a.[,b KoHTaI(TOB H npoqHOCTb clleIlJeHI'{fl I]OBbIIIIaK)TC'{; $a
sro npHBoAHTr( yBe,[rrqeHrlrc[poqHocrll 6erorra Fra pacrfl;,{(clrue.
{6
OcoSo Ba;'r{Hyropo,Trrr.irpaer liore3EoHH:rfl ll ajlle:nounag I cnoco6-
lIocl'b oruepAeBIIIero Bfl)Kyirlero DerdecrRa (xoropoe c.;leryer paccMarp14-
i l i l r l , t ] . r i a H I I o Mc , T y q a cK a K I I e v e u T H u t f i r a e l i ) H e r ' o I r , - l o T H oter p I l M . b l K a r I ? I e
i{ tloBepxHocra 3epeH 3ano,'rHHTe,rn no ncefi rrroulaAn r{oHraKToB.flonrr-
ueriuio npoqrrocrn KorrraKToBcnoco6creyer MaJrafl Be,rruquriaBoAoueMeHT-
Ilcro orHorueHnfl H 6,raronpnnrHble yc,ToBl4fiTBepAeHua,o6ecleui.tBaloulue
ir au6o,ree no,'rHyro f r.IAparaur4ro Bfl,'t{yu{ero.
flsnesue aArcgtrH. rro NtHeHrtoHcc,'relloBare;reli,o6r,rcHflercff prrAoM
npIrqun: Mo,rieK)r,'rripnoiit cBr3bro, c6yc;roeneunofl B2Fr-riep-Baz,nbcotsbIM!l
cl4'IIa\{I{,KaIll.lr'L'IrpHbtMX ci{i]ar'1H3a crrer ripucyrcrRi.rq xnlroii cfrastt Ha
i'palllll{e PaSAcna 3aIIOr'lHuTe"rIb - qcMel]Tllblli xai\,ie1{b, a TaK)Kc oJteKTpH-
qeci<ofi npilpo4oii aroit cBFisu.AAreeHr{ ycu/'ulRaercr{sa crrer riucro Mexa-
Il14qecKoro3allen,rleH14fi 1,13-3a lreIIS6elr{lloirlxepoxoBarocru lr IerfeKToB lro-
BepxHocTa3epeH 3 arro,THuTe,'rfl ,
Bcc ero noATBepx{Aaerfio,To}Kcurre o rot\{, rrro /l,rr iroBr)rrricrrHfl rrpoq-
t i o c T l t O e r o t a H a p a c r n ) K e H u eu e o 6 r o 4 n l t o o S e c n e q n p a r r )n o 3 \ , r o i . t { r 6
r o6 n l -
iilyio cn"qomt'tocrbcrpyKTypbr t4 c,tlzrHocrr, crpoerrHr 6e'rorra. IJcn"'lorriocrl.t,
OTC,UOerrufl, ycaAorrrtr,rcH HeBl4,tit4ML,re t{a r,Ta3 [,n]KpoTpeu{i.llrbl B 6etoue
co3AaHl'r'oc,nadnerrrrr,teceqer{H11, MecrrrbICKoriucHTpauHHpacrflfnBarorlltx
rla[pri,rKell]{au pesxo cHi.t}KaK)T conpoTnB,lerfire6erotra pacTrr>KeHH]o.

a) C4entteuue Seroua co cT'arlbttoti'apnargtrtott

C q c n , r e r r u e6 e r o H a c o c r a , r r L , H o iarp n r a r y p o i a- B a x { H a r rK a r r e c r B e H g a g
\ a p a K T e p r l c r f i r ( a) K c , ' r e 3 o 6 e r o u ao;H o o 6 e c l e q n B a e r B o 3 M o l K i t o c r bc o B M e c r -
troii pa6orlr 3rnx Anvx Marepr.{a,rroB. flpouuocrt cUen,reHlrflsaBrzcHTor
M H o r u x r p a r < r o p o ec, B f l s a H H b r xc o c B o r i c r B a F r u6 e T o r r a ,c n p o $ l i , r e M a p M a -
rypbr,- ycJrotsHRMH KouraKTa MelKAy 6eroiior,I u apMarypol:t u np.
!,rn aplrarypHi,rx crepxueil H tlpoBoxo]( c fJraAKrrMnpo$a,reu npou-
irocrb cuer;'iel{ilfl cx,'taAbIBaercg.ti7 ABVX o,rreMeuroB:ticrr.tHiloro (aAresn-
ollr{ofo) cqenJreHr.rrl IIo rioBepx]{ocrr{KoHTaKTau vx rpeHrrrr, KoTopoe Bo3-
iuliiaer l,,lelKAyaptrarypori u 6erosonr [pt1 r4x 83ar{MHo]\IcMeuIeHL{r{(xor4a
aJ{fc3lloHHoecilen,'ieHHel.tapyrueHo).Be,rnuaHa rpeFIHs SaBI,tcHTOT rr,'Io.t,-
r l o c r H x o r r r a K r a , o r x a p a K r e p a n o B _ c p x l l o c TK u o H r a K T H p y t o u H xM a T e p H a _
'1oB it or Be.THqllHbIHop\'Ia.IIbllblxcu.l K HarlpaB,'IeHIllocMeu{euflR,4elict-
il\'rculrrx Fra apMar)'py. flpourrocrl aAresnoilHofo cuefi,rieHr.iflHaxoAi4rcfl
il npnuotl 3aBI4cI4NIocrI4 or npoqHocrri 6eroua Il a,(fe3!toH[{trlxceoficre ue-
:\lCHTHOro KaMHfl, KoTOpbtC OnpeAe,'ttilOTCs aKTHBHOCTbToBflXyilIefO, BO.I{O-
i i e t r c H T H b r M o r r r o [ r e H H e M , B o 3 p a c r o M i . l v c , r r o B H f l l \ { nr B e p A e H l r a . l l p N u e p u a n
ic,rr.lruiria trpoqHocrI] cLI,etrr.reHi]flTfi)Ke,qofo 6erosa Ha nopr,'raH.IIueMetITe
r I . r a f K o r i a p u a r y p o r i c o c r a B , T R C rD C p e . l i l e M 0 , 1 5 - 0 , 2 n p c n e , l a n p o r l H o -
crir Oerorra npu c)i{arnli B Bo3pacre 2E cvrox2"
;{rfl ap}larypHbr_\ crep}r(Herr c nephoAr.{qecr{aM uporpiz.nelr (6o,,rturun_
CrB0 BllJIOq.apMaTypHblx Cra"retr, BblllyCKaelIirlX B IIacTot{lilee BpeI,ig, 14MeeT
i a x o i i n p o $ n ; r n ) r p e r { a e r e p E e r c B o e 3 r r a q e H u e , H o s H a q u r c , r r b H oB o 3 p a c r a -
aT poJb aAfeSuoHHoro cue["{eHrrtr B cBflsH c .vBeJArieHHeM n/,-ro[Ia.
-trl F,oHTaKTa r{ BO3r.rHKaeT!.OiloJHfire,'Itur,ril r}aNrop - SauemleHile 6eroua
'':.7iiJ,)'
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..lroir3oruJo cMerlleHHe apL{ar\'1)br orrJocHTe;'ibilo 6eroua, 1o,,rxHo 6ltrr
.lir'Jo-loilcHo coflporl4Br'Ieut'te 6eroga cr(arbtBaHIilo no 6olltuor{y riggltn tnu-
r : : : : r . r i ' r r r J i \ n . { o [ i a A o K 6 e r o u a , l { a . x o A f l u l r . t x c r rB 3 a r l e n , T e H i l HC a p n r a r y p o r l
1' 11',1r'r1e uf'\'TKaX NIe>KAVBbtCT\ftal,Tl{.

: -\:ie::r; -- npoqHCcrr, Ha orpi,iB rBepAhrx noeepxirocreii


or it;rcsrucrl npocnoi.ixn;
, i l : - - l l i ) O : l H O C TCba n { O l OX " r l e t i u eO f BeilIeCTRa.
- f l r , ; ' ; ' , ' ' 1 9 . 1 ' l r p o r i F r o c r r rc i l e i r . - r e l r n r6 c r o u a a p i t a r v p o r i -
c 3To orHoueHrte ycH,,IHgj
. l i r o p o \ r n p o r i c x o r r . r r B b r , q c p r u B a H u oa p M a r y p H o r . o c r c p l K r r f i i l : J 6 e i c H u o i i o d o f i l , r a t ,
luia,ttl efo rioitraKTa c 6erollolt.
I l o u n u o ' ' p o q L r o r r u 6 e r o u a u n p o $ r r . l n a p ] r r a r J , , p bnrp o r i r i o c r b
_ cuc-
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Tax' nprr ropr'rgor{Ta,'rbHoNr pa3r,IeuleHIzlrap,lrar:-r,psra $opnre u orroc,:.
Te,itbHCTO.TICTONl CJOe IrAlKe..lex{au{efo6eroHa B pe3yJriTare ceAHVIeltri_.
( l l o H I I b l x n p o q e c c o BB u e N t e t r r H o NTIe c r , 3x ' r o x { e 'irl p o H c x o A r r r r r
o c € f l z H H €9 , : .
cTHit Ir o6pasoeaurie r{ecrirr,lx 50/t,Hbrx (a sar.eri BoS.u,yru}tbrx) no,nocrr
B KOHTaT{ruori sose ric)K/Iy apntaryporl H 6erouor,r, qro lroxrer. cyqecrBe::.
iro cHr.ig14Tb o6uyro Be"[trqtrrrvcqen,tet{Hfl.

5. Vnpyr,o-nJracrHqecKue
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F Temneparypa 3aMep3aHlitt BoAbI B nopax 6eroua 3aBucllr or paAuyca
l nop; qeNr Tollbue llopbl, TeM Hu)Ke TeMnepaTypa 3aMep3aHltfl llo.qbl R III{X.
I f'ai<, a lral{6o,'ree ro}rKl,rx Kanr{r'Llflpax BoAa nepexoAnT B ,ile,q ilpil -25" C,
a B nopax TeJIeBHAI{ofi cocTaBJlflmx{eli ueMeHTHOro KaMHfl - npl4 Tei\'Incpa-
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ilosocrorli(ocrr.r nBrflIorcq coo6ir1amut,tecr Me)KAy co6oli KaIll'l,ii,'IflpHbIe
ilopbI' B ToM qllcJle I{ ToHKIle KanH'{"lflpbl, O6yc'ron'rIlBanulue B03Mo}lt-
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iir,le Bo3AyxoM 1l IlJIoxo cOO6illal0uHecq MelKAy co60r1 uopbl-fiqeliKH, xa-
l,-aKTepHr,reAflfl qrrei{cToro 6eToHa, noIlTIl He oKa3blBaloT oTp14lIaTe"ryblioro
B.:il.r11iluflrra MopQ3ocTofiKocTb. !,.ira o6ecneqeHHfl IIeo6xoALlr,Ioii rtoposct-
croirKocrH Tar(tlx 6eroHoe BalKHo, r{To6bl creHKi.I nop 6rtnr ilocraTot1Ho
nJorHblMH ti eropo3ocToiiKHMr.i.
trJa iraoposocror:rKocrs 6erosa cyqecrBeHHo orpalKalorcfl cBotlcrBa I4
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JICHTbI HE AOJI)K}IbI COACP)KATbTOHKOMOJIOTbIX 406ABOI{, IIOBbIUIAloU{I'XIIX
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rar-rArleMeHrbr crrr.rjKaroT MoposocToilKocTb 6eroHoe. floebtueuuaf \,lopo-
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noprralIAIIeN{eHra c coAep)KaHIaeM CsA He 6oree 6-8?0. flpnueHeuultii
t a 6eloHe xpynHr,tr.i 3aIIoJIuHTe"rb .i1oJilKeHo6naAatrt Mop03ocronKocrblo, tte
:iil;.rie rpe6yeMori A"1fl 6erosa B rle"ToM, a coAeplKaHIle rlbr,'teBIlAllbIX,r"{l:-
k
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lli : i c r o J , a B . r r e H H, f p a S B r . r B a l o u l e r o c f ln 6 e r o u e l p u o6pasoeaunu n ilopax
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.i raKoNr KoJrr.{qecrBe,[pri KoropoM o6'beM Bo3AyxoBoB,{eqeHHb]x nop co-
:raB.rfler or 3 Ao 40/e o6utero o6rena 6eroHa, nosBoJlrer cyrrtec'lBeHrro
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:-r\r noebnreHr{fi Mopo3ocrofiKocrn flB"rrflercR cHI.{)KeHI,reeo4onorpednocrrr
r'TOrilroij cMecu npH BBellerrHll B ee cocTaB noBepxHocTHo-aKTHBHL'rxBe-
:'.ecrB (ctrr. crp. 20) .

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- : . : C r 3 i ! 1 1 I l a H e r O B b I C O K U XT e M n e p a T y p B y c " l O B I { f i X S K C U y a T a l { H I I O r l l e -
: r:l': ii tsIJICOKOTCN{IIepaTypHbIX TeILIOBL'IXarperaTOB.
Bclorr olHocHTCfl K orHecroriKllrl MarepI{aJIaM. B;iarogapfl cpaBi'rir-
'
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c o K l l x T e M n e p a T y pH e Bbr3BaTb 3 H a r { H T e , ' r b r i orrroa r p e R a H r r t0rc : : .
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o H a H e u s 6 e l K r i oB b r 3 b r B a eor 6 p a s o B a H u er p e q n H , p a s p l r u e g r 4 eB a r l n r u c .
c,'rofl n o6nax<enue aplrar-vpbr, Koropafl tioA AeircraHeM rra Hec Br,rcoi;:
r e N r n e p a r y pH a q H H a e T A e q r o p M L i p o B a T b. c f l
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.roBrlfix A.rrHre,'rbHoro Bo3AeficrBHflTeMneparyp Bbrflre 250'C. Vcranog.-,
Ho, qro npn aKcn,qyararlHosuciiireMneparype 250-300o C npouuocrr 6',
TOHa3aMerHo cHr.rx{aercflBc"'reAcrBHe yAaJrerrnflv3 Hero cHaqa.ra aAcop:
uHoHHoii, a 3areM ueoJrHTrrofi I{ Kpilcrar'r,'rx3aul4orj}roir Bo.[,br
B03Hr{Ka}ouerinpu groM 3Haqt{Te,lbuoliycaAKe ueMerITHofoKat\,IHflc Hat
u e H H e M e r o c r p y K T y p r , r .f l p u n o B b r [ r e H H b r xr e M n e p a ' r y p a x H a p y u a e r i
TaKlKe MoHo,{tIT}rocrbcrpyKTypu 6eroua Bc"rreAcrBHepa3J'rHqHbrx reilrr
p a r y p H b r x 4 e Q o p r , r a q u f ix o n a n o u e s r o s6 e r o u a . f l p n A a . n u n e i i u e Mr o B b r r l ,
HHH reil,rreparypri'1 ao 500-600" C x Bbrlxe pa3BrlBarorcr npoueccbr pa3.l
) K e H L I rr a A p a r r r b r x u o n o o 6 p a s o B a H u i i H
, anpr.rMep Ca(OH)2, c BbrAe.rreHlr.
XI]MilIICCKN CBfl3AlIHOii BOAb] I{ 3HAqI4TE,'IbHbIM NPI-{ STOM PA3PYIII€FIIIOM L:
M e H r H o r oK a N r H r .F l a q n u a r c r e r l l f l e p a r y p u 5 5 0 ' C u s b r u r e p a 3 p y u a r o r .
( p a c r p e c x a e a n r c r ) 3 e p r { a K B a p q a B n e c K e ,B r p a H r . I r u o mu { e 6 r r ea n p } ' r ,
[opoAax Bc,'re.{crBr4e nepexoAa Kpucra,'l.irl.tqecKoro KBapua B Apyfyn Nro:i
$urarlnro (rpH4rln,trlr),qro cBflgaHoco 3r-rarrtlTer'rbHbrM yBer'ruqenl4eM o6'ret:,
P a 6 o r a n r u K . . ( . , H e x p a c o n a 1 4 A p . n o K a 3 a H a B o 3 M o ) K H o c r br o , r r v ! :
HI,rfl Ha ocHoBe 11opT,'raHAueMeHTa xapocrounofo 6eToHa, colpauxrcule.
Heo6xoAliilrbre3Kcn,rryarar{r{oHHbre cBoricrBa npri reMneparypax lo 1200",-

. a) Ctoitxocra 1eroua I aepeccusHotxcpeda.1

l l e l r e H r s u f i K a N { e H bK, a K K o M l r o H e t t r6 e r o t r a , o 6 u q u o M e H e ec r o f i x r l
lle)Ke,{fi KaMeHHbIe3ailo/'trrr4TeJIr.r, I]p14 nosAericrefit{ Ha 6eToH xHMHqecr
a r p e c c H B H b r xa r e H T o Bp a 3 p y u a e r c f l B n e p B y l o o q e p e A b .
OcHosrrlrMkt npr4r{fiHaMHKopp03r4LI6etoHoe r{a nopr,TaHAI€M€HT:
'Haxor,fiuluxcs B BoAHoricpeae, nB"rtfltorcfl:
l) pacrnopeHne u BbrHoc H3 6eroHa Srnlrpyrculefi Mflrxori Bol
rfiApara oK]rci{ Ka,.rbllprtrI{ ApyfIIx pacrBopaMbrx coe4aHeHnrl, BxoAflul:
B COCTaB UeMeHTHOfO KaMHfl (XOppoSUA BL,IUe,'IaqHBaUUt);
2 ) n s a n m o 4 e i t c r n u eK o l r f i o H e H r o Br r e M e H r r r o r oK a M H f l , n p e x A e B c e l
fHApara oKlrcr{ KaJrbIlHf, co cBo6oAHbrM}rKHcJroraMn,Koropbre Moryr c
Aep)Karbcfl B BoAe. B pes.v,rrrare 3Toro ssaHt\aoAeficreuao6pasylorcn .-
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C a C 1 2 ,C a ( H C O 3 ) z r a g p . ( x n c , r o r H a f lx o p p o s u n ) ;
3) neanuo4elicrsue cy,rlQarulrx HJrt4Mafne3r{a,rr'}rbrxco,rer:i B r:
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cy"rrbrtrrarHas H,'rn riafHe3t4a,itbHafl Koppo3Hr c o6pasoearrHeMB pe3y,'rbra-
o6lressux peaxqufi ,rrefKopacrBopHI\{bix conerl (cy;tlQaron, x,ropu4on).
raKx{e 6eccrpyxrypHoft uaccu rl'tApara oKHcLIMarHHff. Bo nropou c;rr'...
M o l x e r B o 3 H H K H l r bc y , ro t p o a , r r c M H H a r t r aKro p p o 3 H f lc o 6 p a : o r a H u e r \ tr u - I i
cynl$oa,rroMllHara Ka,llbullfl I.i npHcoeAIlHeHLIeNI 31 Mo"rrexyrrrbrBo:
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Ka.rlbrlrfflcBfl3aHo c vBeJ-rurreHuev o6r'erta Maccbl e 2-2,5 pasa, uro o6'
JOBJII{BaeTAaBJIeHHe_ Ha cTeHKI] nop u pa3p)/ueHl're qeN{eHTI.lorO Ka$1:'
a c"lenoBaTe.r]bHo. I'l oeToFIa.
C.vueclnvrcT Iloplvtblal'peccllBHcc'rllBoAbtA"'lq 6erouoB I{a floprnarrjl;
M e H r e ( C H u t I I I - B . l - 6 2 ) , r A e A a e r c f l n p e A e J l b H o ceo A e p l K a H r 4pea c r B o p e
1 boree no4po6uo B o n p o c o n p u q l i H a x K o p p o 3 r i H r r o p T . r r a H . u u e M c HiT{ al p y r u ^ ur,,
B xl pce <.\lrrrep a.rbHue Bn>Kyrrlue BeuIecTBa >.
urx paccA'laTpl.lBaeTctl
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Arpeccunuoe Aeiicrel4e ua 6eroH Moryr oKa3EIBarbraKlKe HeKoropble
clpfarlfiqecKne Bel{ecrBa (opraunuecKLle I,I )KnpHble KIacr-iorbl)'I(opposun
6eroHa r\rolKer Bo3HLrKHyrbe rasoeotl lz ttapoBo3Ayuruoti cpeAax, coAep-
lKaulux arpecclrBnr,lero orlloueHnlo K 6eroHy fa3bl E,'In napbl KIlc,rIoT11
pacrBopoB co,reri.
X u u u u e c r y o K o p p o 3 u r o 6 e r o u o B H e . [ b 3 t tp a c c M a r p i ' I B a r bB H e c B f l s l 4c
rpasuuect<nmvuJtLl Snsuxo-xttltr4qecKnMHrlpoqeccaMH, npoucxo!,fluruMI'I B
6eroue noA eosAelicrBLIeNI soAHort ttd'II{fasoBoii cpeau 14npx rte6,raronpH-
srsofi Ha.{artHoii crpyKType 6erona. Tarue IIpoueccbl, KaK HacblilleHIle
u o r r a H B a I I I l e ,r l a -
s o A o i i r { f i c n a p e H l ] eB , ' r a r f in s 6 e r o u a , s a M o p a x { a B a H l { e
f p e B a H r 4 el r o c r b r B a H u e ,Q u n l r p a u u f l n n i a $ $ y s a o u H o e n e p e N l e l q e H l l B e JIa-
rn s 6eroHe, rrpn r,JInreJIbr{oNI H MHoroKparHo noBropfltorlerlctl eosAeiicr-
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;,KeHHlo ero n,'IorHocrll a HenpoHatraeMocrll lt 6,raronpufiTcrBylor
Bo3HHKHoBeHr.rro H pa3BHTI4ronpoueccoB xnl,tnqecxoli Kopposnu. OArlun,tHs
nvteri noeHltleHHq xntrrtrqecrofi croiiKocru 6erolia flB"tflercfi noBbrttleHLIe
eto fl,'roTHocTuH oAHopoAHocru. Bntecre c TeM ueo6xo4tzl,tonpoH3BoAIlTb
or6op rreMeHToBu gano,'rHl{Te,reii, ttau6o,'IeecroliKllx B ycJloBllflx AaHHoro
t;r{Aa Kopposuu. Tax, B c"tyqae Bbtule,{aquBarcu{eilafpecct{H c.neAyer npll-
IlCHflTb I{EMCHTbI C AKTHBHbIMI,III,IAPAB.IIHqECKHMA AO6ABKAMI-I, CBqSbIBA.
I K l t i ] H M 1 4f n a p a r o K H c H K a . t b u H f l B f H J t p o c r . r J ' t u x a r b l( n y u u o n a u o e u i i nopr-
tI ,ralrAr{eMeHr), e c,ryuae cy,rrSaruotl arpeccul't - cynlQarocroiiKufi riopr-
tf JaHAqeMeHT u cy,rr$arHo-IILTaKoBblfi qemeur.

s 6eroHe
7. Coxpannocrucralnnofi aprvrarypH
C t a r t n H a g a p M a r y p a , 3 a K , ' I l o q e H H aeg 6 e r o H e , K a K n p a B u d ' I o H , e pa3-
p!'uaeTcfl x Mo)KeTcoxpaHflTbcn B xopoueM cocToflllfiH B TeqeHI{eBecbMa
npoAo,'r)Kr4re,qbuoro BpeMeHI4.Coxpauuocrb apMarypbl o6bqcHsercfl Ha,'Iu-
qrreM rrle,'roqilolicpenur B ueMeHTsolr 6eroHe. OAHaro roJIbKo AocraroqHo
n . r o r H u l i 6 b r o H n i l e a o x p a H r r e ra p M a r y p y o r A o c r y r a B o 3 A y x a H B J I a f n .
-ipuarypa B )Ke,'re3o6eroHHbrx KoHcrpyKunlx Ao,'r)r(Ha6urr norpura ga-
urnrHbrM cr'roeM 6eroua, To,'IUrHHaKoropofo o6bt,{Ho H3MeHflercn or l0
(R ToHKocreHllbrxI4 nycrore,'rbtx nr'rurax, uacrn,rax) rc 25 a.u (v 6o,ree
\ r a c c u B H b r xe n e u e u r a x ) . B c n y u a e u e 6 n a r o r p t t q r H o r i o K p y ) K a l o u - l e cr ip e 4 u r
(BbrcoKafl B,'ra>KHocTb, Bpe.[,Hbrera3bl 14 T. II.) TO,'IU{l]}ty3aII-lllTHOf o cJrofl
cJeAyer yBe,'prquBarl. Tpequuu B 3arl{lrrHoN! c,'Ioe orKpbrBaror Aocryn
iio3AVXa v Braru HenocpeACTBeHHo K apMarype, rlro ilpHBoAHr K o6paso-
BaHHror,'reHKH pNiaBr{t4HbI, saHI4Man[ier.i 6o"luuali o6"lelt, .{eN{ cnori Me-
T?,-r;'1Zl AO KOppo3rrU.3rO Bbt3brBaerrroflBJIeHllepacrfllllBaroqnx ycunnu n
: a u r n r r r o M c " r o e 6 e r o s a , 4 a . n l u e i i u e e e r o p a c r p e c K H B a H I 4ne p a 3 p y i l r e H r . r e .
llpu apnnpoBaHr,rH.rrerKr.rxu, oco6eHHo, fli{erlcrbrx 6eroaon, a 'raKx{e
n.Torlrbrx cH"ql,tKarHrrrx 6erouon ueo6xoAnlro HaHocr{Tb3axrl,rrHbtcnoKDbr-
r u f l r r a n o B e p x H o c r oc r a , ' l r , H o l ia p M a r y p b l . f l p o u H u u u 1 4 H e y x y n u a r c u l r r -
.\.urcuer,'reHHeapMarypbr c 6eroHoNr rBJIflrorcfl IIeIIeHTHo-6nryuume, qe-
rreurFro-rIeKoBbre 1{ rreMeHTHo-no,rucr14po,IIbHble gaullarHbrenoKpbruag. Ogn
:lpe1,craB"[flrcrco6or:i cycrreH3]lr, B Koropbtx 4uclepcuoii Sasori cxyxar
' - r a c r H r l brrl e M e H r a ,a
A i l c n e p c u o s u o i l c p e g , o r-i p a c r B o p b r 6 u r y u a , K a M e H -
ilO\'fo.lbtlOrO IIeKa f l d ' I 1 4I I O , ' I 1 4 C T l ' l p 0 , ' l a B COOTBeTCTBytOIIIeM 'rIeT]'t1914 paC-
rBopure.Te. l,"rn cra6utrl.z,sa:-J.r1l4 cycneH3npt or pacnaAa B ltee BBoArrcfl
c r a 6 t r . r u g a r o p b r B B r , r A e n o B e p x F r o c r H o - a K T H B I I b I XB e u { e c r B B K o r ' r H q e c r B e
orioJo I % eeca cvcneri3i{u c ojlHoiipeMeiiHl,Ilvl BBeneHIleM 0,50/6 e.{Koro Harpa
1-1.Jfl.r,orroJHHTe,rrbnofooulr,reuun). floNpurrae HaHocrlTcfl oKVHaHr.reMll,'rH
:, anblJeHHe\1 B 3,leKTpI'lq8CKO[I nO.II€; TO,'lUlHHa 3aUII'iTHOrO nOKpblTnq
1,1.1--0,3,rt.rt.

53
P a g : re , u I I
6ETOHbt PASJrr{q Hhlx E!4nOB

f , r a s a5

TtX EJIItrlE !{ EM E FtTHbl E FETO H bl HA nJl OTH blx SAnOfl H I4TEJIflX

I . O c n o s n r r e ' r e x u u q e c x u ex a l t a K T e p n c r x K r . t

Uel,tettrur'te 6erouut ua nrorurJlx BanoJIuu'r'€a'rflX II0JIlqu"ru ttaH6o..


urce pac|lpocTpat{cilrrel] rpoi43BoAcree c6opuofo H MoHo,'il.lTr{oro }Ke,[€,:
6 e r o n a . O H n x a p a N r e p i l 3 y r o r c no 6 ' b e x , r u b t B Me c o x {B n p e A e i r a x o r l B 0 0 ,
2500 rcel.us(n eucyucur.roN{cocroflrrul{) B 3aBficHMocru or rr"rlorHocrlr:
noJHLire,'Ierlu 6eroua B ue,'roI,'r.Fian6o,uee rr{iluqnbtM A,'1fl 06brr{Hr,txL
\rerrrribrx 6erouos flB"rflercr oSrerrrirr,riisec 2200-2300 rcef.u3, qro co.
RcrcrByer n,{orHoci'H B rrpe/xeJrax0,85-0,90; Be,iraqaHaBo,t(orrorr'roLL{€H
'raKux 6erorioe xo"tlc6,rrercflor 4
,xo 70/6 no necy.
Crponre,'rlubrMU iropn{ar'rrltl rpaBrrat'ru (CI{ull) ycral{oB,'reublc,-
llytoltlue MapKr.tIro rtpoqlrocfiJ lra c;KaTfie Arr rff)r{e,/ibrxrleilleHTllbrx6c.
u o n : l { J 0 , 1 5 0 , 2 0 0 , 2 5 0 , 1 1 0 0 , 4 0 0 , 5 0 0r . r6 0 0 . C o o r B e r c r n e H H o r H M \ r a
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'.);iiriiltrrirril) ctnsllru
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63
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Ae,'ibHocTrl c ToqKH 3peHHfl 3aKOItONIeprlocTl'r ilpoqecca B qe,'IoM' flB"rjfllo't-
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o r H e r ; . C r a r u c r n , r e c x a n o 6 p a 6 o r K a c o B p e N I e H I l b I M l {i l l e r o A a M H 6 o , r l r u o t t
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Hoii creneHr.r roqHoCTE, c KaKofi rpe6yercf peuenne rofi Ll,'In I'lHoii npaK-
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64
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uilqx /l.llfl 60,rnulrscrBa BHAOB 6erOsa.
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HO|O 3ano,JrilitTeJlgB efo coLTaBe.

66
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paCXoAa tleil{eHTa BOAotroTpe6'rloCTbSeToHlIou c}'teCli 3n!;ieTtio B03pacTae'i
H l,roX<er Ha 20-250h npeBLIuaTb BoAo[OTpe6EOCrl, Serolllio]:i CMeCII roii
>xe no,[Bl1grrogrg ?r Ha TeX;.Ke MaT'ephaflax, i]o c Ulb ],letlee 2,5. Taroe
Bo3pacragi,te BoAoilorpe6gocr;r B sHaqETe,rtbltoIi creI-lettll vxtetti'iuacr 3tb-
pacxoioM r1eMe]ira
$ e x l r n O n u U I e H I i n n p O q H O C T t lB 6 e T O l I a X C B b I C o K l i N i
TarHu o6pasolr, /I,,Trr noJryqerrrifi 6eroHOe Bbrcoxoir C,rIeAyeT
_-rIilc.{FIOCTil
BMecTo yBe,rnr{eHlrfl pacxoAa Ue}ieHra n 3HaqeHtl}i UiB cnepx Kpurllqecgli\
npHMeHgTb IIeMeHTbr BO3I\IO)KHo6Olee BbIcoI(H;t llapo-l( I'I _c ncilll)Ketllttlti
se.[lrqgHofi HopMa,'Ibrioii. rycrorbl, rle ilpeBbIIUarcu1el'i 26-2701s$'ro o6blq-
H O R l , i c o K o M a p o l t H b l eU C i p r n a t l . l U e l l e l l T b l 6 e S r O H I i o r l o . ' l o r b l x ; f o 6 a n - c x ) . _ l l -
K a 3 a l { o , r { T o C [ e p e x o . q o M o T i l e . ' , r e ] l T o Bc f - l - : 2 5 0 1 t K U ( ' l i c t l T ] - c H r : 2 8 9 !
6ero}la oJIioi'i u ioji.:i(c I'it;.rip}{tl iliu-
-vBe,rrliqeHueefo pacxoAa rra I{.V6O}ierp
)Ker ,Il,ocTllfarb 150 ,{e.
7A
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a) O6tu,t:e !/KC3,JHun
Fa{i.lOlra,rt,.lr,lii loCras 6erOna Ar.l,TIiKCIIo6ecne'{ltrb C :;qeTOiv{ TexlIO-
.-iOfltqeCXi4X p,jc'].1[iOB ti3fOTOBJetli]t{ hSAe,Ii{ii 3aAarlHbIe IlOKa3aTe,qn
ceorlcre 5:rouuor.l cx{ecn }I roToBofo 6elona npu HauMeuluefi CTOIIMOCTTI
l.IaTepna,iIOB I'I IIalltlleHbitliIX IIpOIt3BOACTBeIIHbIX3aT'paTaX; Ball(Hb;M rIOKa-
3areJreM fiBrfiercfl TaK)Ke riau60,;Iee 3I{oIioMHblti pacxoA il,erIeHTa.
Cocraa 6elotta Bblpai'r{Jercfl B BrrAe pacxoAa cocraBJi{roiullx Marepfl'
a.,roB no Bec),, ila i ,ri3 6eroua H,rt.r B ilriAe KoJri.iqecrBeHItoro ccorHoiueHl4tl
-{e}1eHTa.
-ilcll{Ay cccraB,]1fl}oull.lr{ir I{arep14a!'1aMI'IHa eAZHHIIy Beca
B sa4anlifi ne onpeAe,rreur{e cocraBa 6eroHa Ao,I}K}lbI 6urr' yxaeanlt:
a) ilooeKruafi npoqirocrb Serona Ha clKarlle (mapxa.l , a raK)Ke ero
ipoqriocrb K x{rhleH]'y orrlycKa il3Ae,rllitI norpe6rre,rlc (A;rr tl3Ae'rIHi'i,BILI-
r,\'cKacMLrx ts "r1cTHrii nepr.rol, oH.a o6brqFIo paBiia 700/s npcex3uoii);
6) yc.rloiii{r u cpcKu rBep.d,eIitlfi 6croHa B v1"3A?rtrlLl llc o inpaBIiIl aa
cii,raA iorosori rpollyxr{i4ir;
r) xirl-ailr.repi{crltra 6erouiroll cNiecu no yAoSoyK!'IaAbttsaeNIocrl'l (uo'
Ii -lI a f 'J,'lh I rOtrU!1)l( liCrC'ii I, )l(CCThOCTi4 ):
r ) u a i; 6o,rrr LiI3s Aon _vcr{ ae M ar{ Kp ytr Hoc?b g a nor'rrit4Te,tlfl.
iJ 3aAaiIili.t yI{a3bitseloTC.q TaK)Ke AOnO.rIHUTe"ribUbIe A,'Ii{ CfleqUar'lbHLJe
:nc60nag:t:r
- I{ Serol,r}roH cMCcIi ij,Tpt 6eroFIy.
Cccla;: 6eroria onper.e,rrrercrr pa3fiEqHhrM14 Meroraivil4 c HCno,Tib3oB&-
,irie[,i oci]oBritrlx SaajficHlrocTeri, oSuirx A"rrfi BCex Seron'rr. Ko,riHtiec'i'seHuoe
.1-rilalKeiiire 3Trili 3aBrcltlitccTeir B Bl1.r.epacqertiblx QopL,ry;n, fDasHKOB u
;arO.-,l.itiAacr Ro3r.,{o)r{rrccrbriJer,Bapnre,[brro paccqitra'tb cocraB 6eroHa ]I
ill"rcli ];Toq:ril f ]r o r"4eiibHbre efo 3rreNlerlTbI Ha fiJio6FIbIX 3ar,{ecax. Taxofi
.,raclieT'iro-3rici,epiii\rcH'i'aJsHbtir]vteroA cIIpeAe,'ieIitifl cocfaBa 6err:ua no,ly-
,li"'i rfi ilpofioe paCilpoCTpaiieHi.Ie.
u Tex c,T)qat{;{, E0IIa npLIh'leHret\{bie l\,raTepua,'jbi EecbMa }leoAHopoA-
::bi fio noKa3aTeJrnr,r ceoiicre irJItI 3'tI1 iloKa3aTcJrpl SHa.rnTeIL,Ho oTKJIoHfl-
i J i c e c T y c p e , q i i e i i H L . r : ,F, i a o c F l o B e K O T O p b l l i [ o c T p c e H b i p a c q e T H b , ] eo o p r u r y -
;t ii taS,taiili. a raKx(e ii c,rlyqae 3Har{are"rbFli,ix ornll.{i-{I'ii e rexuo,torun
.ropr,'toaaiiur ri TtsepAeFriir{i43Ae,Ttii.ror oSblLiHo trpHHflTbili cccTaE 6e'roHa
il.l6iioacrcrr lia ociioBe Heilio,rrbxlrx npc6l.rbix 3aNiecoB rIo raK HagbrBae-
.-o riv M e'fo/ly [ocJreAoB are,r br]of o ti ll r{6n r{}I(eHrifi.
Ilpn ,,ito6oirr r,'re'rore uo.l6cpa (!cr.rla 6eiosa uocleAonateJL;ro onpe-
_...I :i toT I,LlIl pi,lccqtlTbtBaKr't:
i ) parr.rtonanrltr,rii srpuoBcir cocraB 3:,inoiiirr,rre"rTeft u iix chiectr{ (npri
' ' i i r r r r r r r r ' i i x n r r r / r(.i C -'^ - -'- ' -- '\
- , ' \^4 O I l ltf' "FiiSCril L CI:laie"F.'\li.lII KO-lil rtlCTBr\iJHb(]'I
.)cTIiclilcrliieid N l e r x J , y o T , q . c " r t b i i 6 l r , t r ' r{ p n : < i l i l n M i ' t 33fio.!}{llTe",leH fi.ni,i x'Ie,T(-
--r' 1i!"-i]il1hlt Il KIj)nHbINI 3:1ilO,-IIiHTe.IriiltA 5 [i:iiO],i;
2) ccgepxiarrrle Eo,(br e 1 .rl3 6eroinrofr c$recrr, seo6xoAunrce A,'rff iro-
. qerJlltl 3aAallilblX IlOXa3.?Te.'lCrliiOAB;1,11{fioCTll UJItl;{ieCTIiOCT'l{ClleC}i;
3) llalcxoA Tler,iel{Ta 4auttoi'i ai,:'filtsllocTi,ltttt 1 ,t;3 6erona, or'JecneqnBa-
' 1 ; r 1 131; - l a H r i y l o i l p o r i l t o c r b i i c 3 r ' c T z t i o u . r c t , t ; b ici pr t i i i u p t i / , a l i l l o i i 1 e . x -
: r , f i i t : i l . l t ' c 1 0 B . r c l ; t i: ut 3 i l e . t t r i l :
{ ) i - , a c r o / i K D V u r i c r o r r x ! e . ' i k . o r c3 a r i c J r r - i 4 T S . r h
q . ' , ' nt r : l $ p a x u r i i i u a 7 u g
:l':l1i.i C y,leTOr\i :a4a;ittOti €IC 11"1O'tllOC'!'ii ?i,ItklOdi-eItUOrO CCCa.
Ij,-..raB.tcir\lc ol t{e'l'oAa onil-alle.[errlrr{ cocraBa 6eloHa ueo6xo4uuo
..:ti;iie
r1\ieTi) Bo3i\,tolKi{o 6oree rto.ltrbte xapaK'i'cpi{cTi4KH cocTilBnflK}ulux
llTe!lltil'rcB.
f]pir r.:;t6ope coc'r'aBa, Iial! rpaBuiro, r.icflo,rib3yiorcx 3artoJHu,re,Tpi B
1,13-'1'gruo-C\r.\ohrcocroflFrIIr{, E pe3-_v":151uta qero roA6npaercfl TaK Ha3brBa-
'.:;rri
i r o r i i l r a . , i u r i i , r i i c o c r a B 6 e r o i i a . i { a n p o n s e o I C T B e i l o t r r . t H a . a b H u i ic o -
b rlepecrllr'firtB33'r'c51Ha pa6oqrirl B 3aBr{cilMocTIl oT BJla,'.{(HoCTr.r 3ano,l1-
.
: , t . r e i l . c j c o c . , r e E l r ! r M a i l r 4 e n p l r n o 4 6 0 p e c c c T a B a 6 e " r ' o r , i aA o J l r { t { o 6 b r r b
- ,.i.ito elr0opy paqrroi.ta,-iirlroic 3epFroBofo cocraBa 3ano,,rriuTe.ryefiu on-
71
COAEPXiAHHflBOAbI B CMCCH'TAK KAK 06A 3TI4 QAXTOPA B 3HA'
TI{ilTA"'IbHOIO
qHre,llgOii N1epe OilpeAe.lRIOT oKOHOMHqHOCTb COCTaBa 6e'rOna. B qacruo-
cTH, paCXOA UeMellTa npti AariHOil ero aKTHBTIoCTI'lffB,1fieTcn IIpoH3BOAHbl]l
oT coAeplKat{Hfl BoAbl B cMecH, KOTOpoe B cBolo oqepeAb 3aBI4CI,ITOT ee BO-
gonorpe6uocrH cMecl{ Il 3aAaHIloH IIoABH)KHOCTI{.
'. pau,uoHarbHoeo 3epHolo\o cocrala sanortHttretert
6) [Iod6op
3epHonOir cocraB cMecg Mer-lKgfo x KpynHofg 3ang,xgxTe!'Ifl onpeAenn'
eTcf 3epHoBbIMcOcTaBOII necKa i{ ule6Hfl (rpaeun), a TaK)Ke ux cOoTHo-
1lIeHI{eM.B ZAea"re cMecb 3ano,'lHI4Ter'IeIiAO,'IXHa I',lMeTbOA}{OBpeMeHHOMII-
Hl{ilIa!'rrrHblir o6beM IIycToT Il MI{HHMad'IbHyl(
yAerbHylo [oBepxHocrl. I( eronay Mo]KHo roJIbKc
crpeMl,lrbcrl, o,(HaKo AocTuqb 3Toro HeBO3MO)KHO.
TaK Xai{ A,Ifl yrvreHblueHl]flo6'beMa rlycToT Me)KAi
SepHaMI.{3aIIOJIHl,lTe,lnHyXHO I{NIeTb AOCTaTOqHC
6ontruoe Kor'rfiqecrBo Me,'tKHX3epett, tITo npHBo-
Ar.rTr( yBe.rrI4qeHI4roy,l.e,luHofi noBep x Hocirl cMect:
3 a[o,'I HI{Teirerl. C yee,r uqeHI{eM coAep )KaHl{fl nec'
Ka uJtr4c yMer{bIIIeHUeM efo KpyIIHocrI.{ BoAoI1or-
pe6Hocrb cMecH sHaqfiTer'Ir,Ho Bo3pacraer. O.le-
BHAHO,A.rrf Ka)KAOft 6erOunoii cMecH H ee cocraB-
,'rflIoulr{x r,rMeercf otrTHMarbHoe c Toqxn 3pe}Illq
pacxoAa Bfxyu{ef0 r.1yAo6oyK,'raAbrBaeMocrli co-
Ta6lnua 4 . , l l , o ; r nn e c K an o n e c y ( r )
. B cMecl 3anoJrHnre.nefi (ue ruenee)

| .U,oro necKa B cMecn 3anotHilrereiji npu


I uau6o.rrueii xpylruocrx vx B ,ril
flpu6rrsrre,rrnbrft |
Puc. 18. Blussne colepxa- pacxo4 ueueflra I rpaarh l ute6enr
R Kelil' | |
Hfifl necKa B cMecH 3anorr-
Hlrre.{eii r Ha y4o6oyx,ra4tr- l r o l a o l t n l n o
Baelrocrb 6erougoft cMecr,t
n p u - n o c T o q H H o Mc o A e p x a H u l - t 200 0,36 0 ,3 4 N L 0,37
Bollbr Anq Kax{Aoro HoMll- 250 0,34 o,32 0,38 0,36
Haft,Horo cocTaBa 300 0,32 0,3 0, 3 6 0.34
t*cocraB I :I ( q e * r e H rc: M e c b 350 0.3 o 9 q 0,35 0,33
Me,fKoIo H KpynHoIo 3aflonHHTe_ 400 u 0,29 0,28 0,34 n a g
ret); 2*'ro xe, l:1,5; t-ro 6oJtee
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HaJF,HOIOCOOTHOIUeHUfl Me)KAy neCKOM LI KpynHbrM 3arO,'rHHTer'reN{. fIpU On-
TIrMa.r"rbHoM .Anf AaHHbIX MaTepHa,'roB cooTHorlteHHr.rMex{Ay necKoM H IIIe6-
rIeilI (fpaBr.reM) Tpe6yeMbre yAo6oyK,'raAbleaeMocrb 6eroHHori cMecr4, a raK-
)Ke IIr'TOTHOCTb I{ IIpOqHOCTb6eTOHa AOCTI{faIOTCqnpH Har{r{eHbIrIeM paCXOAe
(erIeHTa I.I COAepXaHI,tHBOAbt B CMeCH,a npH nOCTOflHHOMCOAep)KaHnr.lBO-
.[r,r B cMecH ee noABr.{xHocrb 6yAer HaH"'ryqneit. Heo6xo.u,HMoe coAep)KarrHe
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necr(a B cMecH 3arlo"llHHTereft onpe4e,rfl]or.rrl4nrb Fra npo6ubrx 3aMecax B Aalr-
rrbt\ KoHKpeTHbrx yc.rroBl,Iflx. A,'rfl I]peABapl.ITeJ'lbribl.\opneHTI4poBoqHrix on-
p e , I , e J 1 e H nBt ?e a H q H H b Ir - c o A e p x ( a H H f l I I e c K a B c M e c H 3 a n o " I H H T e , I e f*t c nO-
c.'lea.vroll{uMyToqHeHrieM Ha npo6Hbrx 3aMecax \{o}KHo tlo,rb3oBaTbcq Ta6"q.4.
Co,a.epx<aune necxa B cMecl.r 3aIIo,rIHare"rteit. ILrH coorno[IeHI'te Mex(Av
il,te"tKr.rM r.{ KpynHbrM 3aIIorTHI]Te,'Ifl\'1ll MO]KeT Tal<]Ke BblpaxaTbcfl KocBellrlo B
Bri4e Ko3QSr{qneHra H36bITKa o6beMa pacrBopHoH qacrll cNiecn .(necox{
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MCIIII,IBA}IHC AOJIXHO NPOI,I3BOAI,ITbCflB CMCCI{TC''IqX NPI,IHYAHTCJIITIOIO gC;:-
c r B u r { I I e M e F I e e5 - 6 n . u r t .
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:roHa B I,t3Ae,'lttflxAo,rI)}{eHo6ecrer{l.irb ilpH IipIrHfiTbtx Hl.i3.KLIX s}ia,ieHI{xx 19iI{
Bo3uOll{HOIlOr'lFiJ,}o rllApaTaULIIoi{el{eHTa B npQUeCCe rBepA.eFIHtr.Cae,rvel
orMerr4rb, qro repexo/{ K 6eroHa\4 i'tapoK 900-1000 a 6o.nee sarpyAHuri-
, ' r e Hr 4 3 - 3 ao r c T a B a H x f lp o c r a n p o q u o c r u 6 e r o s a H a p a c T f l x e H r { eI I o M e p e p c -
cra ero ilpoqHocT;rFrac;'i{arre: B arr.rxcryrlaffx rpe6yercn trpI4]\,IeHflrb lvlep:[
/I.[g noBbtir]eHnr conporrrEJreHliq6eroga pacrfrr4BarotrlHM ]ia!rpfl)Keiriirr.{
{ r r o s l r e B H A b rI i e M e H r o B ., { t { c i l e p c l t o ea p M l . { p o B a H HOee r o u a ) .
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B c e s s l r c p a 3 B H T r . { enMp o l r 3 B o A c r B aK p y x H o p a 3 t r e p H b rixl p o c r p a r { c r B e . : -
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(caolir,r,o6o"ro.rti1,i, K) rlc,'Ihlrbreu ci(narqarble KoHcrpvKrlr.{fi)c ro;rullrirofi crt-l
Froi(Ao 20-30 .l,i.trt4 Lpyrux ror-ri{ocrerrrrbix r43Ae"[iriiece 6o,rluree pac[p. -l
c r i l a H e t r l l er p n o 6 p e r a e r n p o u n l r i l t t n , r o r u r , t i lli" { e J K o 3 e p H U c r r 6 . rer ir o u c u a ; , - !
6crrueii r{p}-nr{ocrbrc3anc.'ItlireJs. He npeBbrruarouleiii0 -ua. a npaxruce*{
c x r 5 - 7 v r t i a ) K e3 . t t , u \ g n n a p i l l o u e M e u r r t b tK x o s c r p y * K [ H f i ) .T a x n e 6 e r o i : {
n o . ' r x H b Iy a o B J e r B o p n r n l p e 6 c e a n u r i \ r , n p e A ' b f f B . ' i r c M b tKMA o c r a r o u n o r o . ; - l
lotseqi{brM K o r r c T p v r { l l u o F i H bNl M
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-V.u,e,tbHotr noBepxHocrbro3aIro,{HHTeJIf,a LIHorAa l{ flotsbr[ieHuum,o6texc.ri
Nlex{3eptloRori nvcroruocrrr i.i no3ToMVIiv>KAa}orcflB vBe,irHqeHnoM co4epxa-1
HHHue\reHtHofo recTa B c\{ecn Iro cpaBFIeFIltto c o6br,rnbrr{Kpvlrro3epHlrcruu r
6erosorr. Blrecre c reM rre.lKo3epIIHcrlte 6eroHbr xapaKTepr.{:Jyrorcr6o.ret
oAiiopoAHbrM c T p o e H u e M1 4p a B H o N I e p H b rpM a c l ] p e A e " ' r e H f i e3N ep r eH3aI]o,'rHHri-
,ttt, 6larolapfl rreM-V3rrartuTe.rrbHo cHa)KaeTcflKot{LleHTpat{r.rfl HanpflxeHxir :
M€CTaX KOHTaKTa IIeNIeHTTiOfO KallHtl C KpynriblM 3?llO;1HilT€,rIeM, He)Ke.iII,l Fia.

80
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3a[oJIHI'ITeJIell, 6naroAapt
cocraBy cMecrrro ..xpynHoroi, i,1 Med.'lKoro
p'asyltno orpaHuqel-----.-^-^*
u"p""uifi npeAe,'Ipacioaa qeMeura Mo)Ker 6strl
Oco6oe BHnMaHr4e Ao,rr)KHo 6urr o6paqeHo fia KaqecrBo 3alor'IHureJIeI'I
6."o"08 - Kpyrluocrb, 3eDuosofi cocrae' Sognaa
-t!ll1:"5
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np, gau6onnrueli^rpynHocrfi 3ano,IIHI-]Te.ng 7_10 j'LM peKoMeHAyeTc'I'
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t npollHocrll npn cxarnn (Ann Selouoe MapoK
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t
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i ,..lfbili r:sapu.eelifi I4,,II{I(BaplleBonoJleBolflflaroerjft necoK c yAenlnoft no.
llpu uc[oJIbSoBaHH?I qeMeHroBc BblcoKal\{
. -. . ',..ro.t 3000-3500 c'uzle'
KOnl{qecTBO KpeMHe3eMHCTOro KoMnoHeHTa MOXeTAOCTH'
, .,a.,",u:,;lelr ceS
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8I
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ilserCfl apMoqeMeHr.3ro 6eron Ha lle.rtKoM3ailo.qHrrreJrb, aprtarlponasuurino
BCeNIV CeqeHHlO paC[0"IiO]KeHHbIr\.II4 B HeCKO,'rbKOpflAOB rIO TOJIIIHHe TKaHb]Mlr
rvrerar'r"rrHrrecKHMv cerKav,u, o6naxanuuil abtcoKorlnpoql{ocrbro He ro,'rbKoLra
c r x a r u c , H o f i n a p a c r f f ) h e H H eA. p l r o l t e u e l { T l . l c r o , T r , 3 y e r cB
f l B e c b r \ r ar o H K o -
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rapf )xecrKocru ceqeHilfl 3,Ten,reHron o6na4aer ebtcoi<ofiltecvueti cnocoS-
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go l0 .u.ntr13npoBo,rroKr.r Aualrerpou 0,8-l tt.dt. Vrolat [poMe)i{yrKr4 MexA-r'
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3C0-400 tczclcttzj Aocrlrraercq 6laro4apx npulrer{errr{rctsbicoroxaqccrrrelr*
IibIX A'taTepl4a,'IoR, a TaK)KeI]JIOTHOMy CTpoeHIrIO Seroua. I-Ipu ucnonl3oBatit{i4
n{eJrKr.rxa cpeAueft KpynHocrH pglloBbrx }lecKoB pacxoA rIeMeHTaua Lu3
I{e_/'il{o3epHrdc:roro 6erot{a cocraB,rrflernpuMepuo 650-750 rca (cocras l:2-
1;?,.9), a BoAbr-;il_pur. eplo 280-320 rr Littt cMecr{ c ocaAxor? nouyca 2 c,n
iBlQ nopntra 0,35-0,45). fiornrueHHafl no4onorpe6Hocrb cMecn o6yc,ron-
JreHa_MaJrbrM.paSMepoM 3epeH3arroJrHnrenefin 6ontrurau pacxoAoMrreMeijra.
Eo,rluoit pacxoA IreMeHTaIrelKeJIare,'reHFIeroJIbKo rlo 3KoHoMnr{ecl{r1vr,
Ho r'l no rexHl4qecKant coo6pa>reHuflM,TaK KaK 3To Moxer Bbt3BarbItoBbtrLIeH-
HbreycaAorrHue 4e$opuar(n[, ro,]i3yrlecrb, MaJryrorpeqr4Ftocrofrxocrt u rtp.
Pery,rupvN sepHonot cocraB cMecil 3ano,rdllTenei?,uo>rHo yMeHbutLl.rb co,lep-
)KaHHerleMeHrHofo recra B cr\{ec[ i.r y,'ryqrxnrb ceoricrsa 6erona^ Pery,rv pc-
Balli{e 3epFIoBorococraBa Gat.ro,.irrrHTeJrrI Aocrufaercfi rrpi{MeHeutaenr (tnaxillz-
p s q e r b r p e xS p a x q t r f t ( 2 , 5 - 1 , 2 5 ; 1 , 2 5 - 0 , 6 3 ;
o H r . r p o B a r { r l orreoc r a , H a n p r . r M eE
0,63-0,315 u 0,3i5-.-0. 14 .,tt,v,),B Koropoll srn Spaxuau cor{eraiorcfi raKr.rr"vr
o6pasorlr,qro6r,l 6u,la c6ecneqeHaMHHr.rMaJrbHafl Mex3epHoBarrnycroruocrh
fi nO BO3MOX{HOCTK MI4HI'lx{a'llbHaf }Ae;'IbH?fl nOBepXHOCTb 3a:io,lllrire,rr. fi,lx
aroti qenu Me,'IKIteu cpeAllue np14po,r{Hbre necKr.rua4o o6orauarb KpyniibtA.l
IIp14po,a,HbrM vlrrrt r.rcKyccrBeHHbrh{rrecKoM. I,lcnorlgonaune riex- H
ueruperQpaKUHoHIIoro recKa no3BoJrrer cyulecrBeHHo clrur3r.rrbpacxoq
[eNieHTa no cpaBrreHaroc 6err;uax{r] Ha cpeAHegepHr4crbrx,a ier,r 6o,,lee
Ha MeJrI(HXnprrpoArrblx rrecl(ax, H yr'ryquriTb cnolicrea apj\,IoueMeHTe
(VMeI{blxI4Tb ycaAKy, rfJ'Iacrr4qecKrieAe$opuaUuu, floabtcltrh MoAV,'1r,
![1py|sglt I{ Tpeull4Hocror.ixocrr,) . Bblcoxaq IIJIorHocrbapMouetieFrraJlocruf a-
ercfl Trrlare,ilbl{brM yAa,'reHL{eNI Bo3Ayxa Hg pacrBopuofi cllecr.t npH ee yrr,rror-
lIeHI4a.ll.nq apMorrct{erirublxKoucrpyKrlr{fr lrcnontsynrcrr Br,rcoKol\,rapoqrrble
ueMeHTbr,.)KeJrare,.rbHo rqlra 6TI{, u: r{HcrbIXK,liaHKepoB H,'ilic MI{I{Hua,rynlron
,u,c6 a sxoti TcHKoN{c.{orblxMHHeparbubrx KoMIIoHeHToB,

3.,ll,exoparusHurft 6eron
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IioB H tralre,lefi uapr'>rittblxcrett. a TaI{}KeA"'tfl o6,t]ilnoBI{LtorAeJrEHbtxne.ta-
;reri euylps 3AaHllfi (.rccrnlt.urlie I,raputI, nJrcuaAKrr,cryneHli, [o,r{oKout{r.rKr{,
r.'ulrLr x,nfl noJroBe secrfi6rc,'rax).llyrenr coorBercrBytourefonn6opa cocran-
,{f lou{tlx H Mexan?rqecxolio6pa6crKi,rnoBepxnocrn 6eroHy npHAaerctrra vlrn4
rrrran rparrypa, no3Torry raxon o6;ruu,o.:oqttur.i c,rori qacro Ha3blealo,ribaN-
Typilrrrlr.
Pa:Jnr..larorrIBa ocHoBHbr.x rrrira $axryp AeKoparuBHoro6eroria;
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82
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n"rro'rllbrxnopo/l (rpaailr, MpaMop) c tsblcoKolicreileHbto ItacblureHlltt6eroHa
:roii r<oourxoir: necoN B oroM cJrvqaen 6erou He BBoAlircq. fl'oc.rleor{plcrKl'l,
runn$oar<rr H ,qouleHlrrrnoeepxuocrHofo c,'Iofl o6naxaercs Mo3aHKaH3 Ka-
t , t e l r l r o frtr p o r n K u i
2) $axrypy, IlI\{nrt.Ipyloqyn ecrecrBeHHblfixatrreul c rpy6ooxo'loroit,
6),lpitclofi rlll{ ruepoxoraroii loBepxnocrorc. Tarofi AeKoparl'IBtiltfi 6erou
rrrrofAa np!ilrrrTo rra3brBaTbr{BeTHr,rM pacTBopoM,TaK KaI<ocllotsl'lblM3arlo,n-
irr4Te,.rel\t 3.leCb !rR;'ifleTCfl KpyltHltti necox C BKJloqeHFIofits llero B Fleo6Xo'
.,lan{blxcJivrlafl-\NIe,{xoilKa[,leHIIOilXpOUrNOri pa3M€pOMOT 2IO 5 ru,4t.
/ l r K o p a r u r j t r it t, t6 e r o u l l a p n A Vc r p e 6 o n a H u u MKH u B e r y ' HQ a t < r y p e4 o . r -
]l(eH 6brTb IIpOqIIbIN{,IL'tOTttbINti4 Ao,'lfOBeqHbiN{,TaK XaK Oll ts nepBytO OqepeAb
[CAtsepraeTcfi l]il'rencllBl.lbtM aTMOCOepubl[4BOSAefiCrelrflNI,a B pflAe C,'IyqaeB
r.t r{Crupatrr.tro.Kpohle rofo, SaKrypur,rfi c,rofi AOJIxeFI 6lirl ilocraToqllo flpoli-
trbn{, rrro6br rrllll t{exaHr.rr{ecKof{o6pa6orxe (traceur<a, o6AHpKa H np.) JII4ue'
Bor:i noBep-xtiocri4 Ite 6urro tOnpeN{Aeiil,lu. flpouuOCtl AeKoparuRHoro 6eroHa
Ll6briiso coo'filei'crgve"f \{apKe 150-200. /{exoparunHttti 6erott AoJI-{{eH BbI-
--
r x e p ; ] { H B a T b\ , 1 l r o f o x p a T H o en o n e p e x l e l l H o e 3 a M o p a ) r i l t B a H u e H o T T a H B a l l ? I e
iic NreHee25-50 q?lll,IoB-_B SaBL{CHMOCTIJ OT K"I(MarfiqeCI{OfO ilOsca; B TO
"i,lretsper'rs I}o.rloriof"Iot[eut.ie 6eroua Ao,ri]Ktlo 6ltrl n lpeAe,xax 6-8% nc Be-
Cy, 'raK I(at{ Ii3JtH[iHflt{ IIJIOTFIOCTb C,']Ofl AeKOpaTIIBHOTO6erOHa llexie,Da-
Terbi{4.
B xaqecree Bs)r{vuefo AJIfl AeKoparI{BIIono 6eroua cBer,'lblx rolloB rIpI4-
MeHrrKfT 6e,rn:i UOpT,ItaFIAIIeMeHT H,'II{ npHTOTOBJIellHbIeHa eIO OCIIOBeqBeT-
frbre l{enle}{rr,r (cu. Crp. 57); B ilgc"tte;1tteeBpeMn I{aquHatoT BbIpa6aTbIBaTbCt
UBeTHiie flopT'r'ranAIIeh{eHTbII{g X,{tIHKepoB pa3Hblx IIBeToB. O6nuHuii nOpr'-
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2 0 , 2 3 , 3 0 u 4 0 r c i c cf t t 2 A l n K r a c c a 6 ( | O C T 9 7 5 9 - 6 5 ) .
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: . . c J e i l p r i n e x o r o p o f i p a s J I B i r x \ r i ee r o 3 e p e H .
t { r o 6 u c l - r H 3 x r b B e J ' r r z i r } . t H\ lyl i i t r r i \ t a . n b n o H e o 6 x o A , H M o r o
ila o6be}rHoro co-
J] L,i" ,-- ,iiaHI'rq pacrBopa B 6erolre r.riorHofo cT'poeHfirr, cJreAyer:
il liLI \';'1V9i,rraT'b SepHODOii COCTaB rOprrCl'ofo 3aDOJiHrrTeJIflrrvTenr TruaTeJIb-
:atT . ; n o 4 6 c r p a c o o r r { o r u e l i r . i f fo r . n e r b H b r x r } p a x q l r f i K p y n r { o f o I r M e J r K O f o3 a -
C;c' - trrrire.neri, \ l\i€Itf,Il]nfl TZrliLrr\{ o(tpasont oe"rrev xle)r{3epHoBblx Il_vcror }i
iratr( ;.1bi I \ Hl IIOBep-\llOc'rb 3ClpeIl3 anO.IIHI'lTer'l g;

95
npHMeHrrTb npeliMyul,ecTBeHHo I(eCTKIle il yMepeHHo x{ecTKLIe 6ercr-
HbIe cN{ecH c Itr.rTeI{cHBHbl \1 B146pOynJIOTHet[ren.I{ HrettctrBHoe y[JloTtlel: :
6 e r O s H o l i C M e c r { n p H y t i . r t a A K e B S O p N { t , t ,c n o c o a ) c l ' B y n H a n 6 o , ' l e e L I I o r H o " ' -
pa3MeXIeHr.trOKpynHOro nOpIiCTOfO iJanOJIHIlTe,'IqB 6eTOHe I{ yN'leHbitleH]:-
c o o r B e r c r B e H H o o 6 b e M a p a c r B o p H o f { c o c r a B J r f l x l u l e i i , n 0 3 B o , ' I t t e To l I H o B P a -
MeHHOCH[l3tlTb O6'beMHbrr:r BeC JIerKIix 6eroHoe.
na,rsuefiuee cHHx{eHLIe o6'beNIHoro Beca 6elona, ecJIIr 3To r,onycKa::
Tpe6veMaf ltpoqHccrb, .u,ocruraercfl 3a cqer cl]]l>KellHfl o6'],eMlloro B('a:
pacreopHorl cocTaBJrflrouei nyrem:
npt4MeHeHI,tR6onee JrerKoro liopncroto Me.IIKoro 3aI]o,THI4Te!'tfl,oco6e-ji-
H O n p i . r 3 a M e H e H M T f l ) K e r ' l o r on p H p o A H o l o r e c K a ;
n e p e x o A a H a [ e ] v l e H T b lc 6 o r e e B b l c o K o l l n p o q H o c T b ] o I l p n c o o T B e T C : -
ByIOUIeM CFilTXeHLIH nx pacxo.{a e 6eroHe;
r{cKyccrBeHHoil IIopl{3al],HH pacrnopuoti cocraBJIrloxleft (crur. HI'1iL'er
Pery.nnpoaanrle .rlpor{Hocrr JrerKnx 6eroHoe. flo,ryueunafl npu MaKCtr-
MaJrbHoM Hacbru{eHI.ilt KpyIIHbtM SaIIoJIHttreJIeM ilpoqHocrb 6eroHa floAt];:
oKa3brBaercrr Hr4x\e 'rpe6yeuoll, oco6eHHo KofAa perrb HAeT o KoHcTpyKI{lio:;-
Ho-Ten,ToI,r3oJrqquoHHr,rx 6etortax rtoBbtllleHHblx xtapox, a reM 6o"ryeeo Iio:-
cTpyKql4oHHr,rx. B gTHX cJIyqaRX aJIfl noBbllueHHfl npor{HocrH 6erosa (,e3 c',-
uIecTBeHHoro yBer.rfiqeHufl efo o6'beMHoro Beca Fleo6xoAllMo npu6era t'l i:
c.neAyrourjM MepaNI:
HCIIOJIb3OBaTbnOpUCTbIft ganOnHltre.nl 6o.nee BblcoKofi nporIHocTH fIF,t
Bo3Mo)KHo MaJroh{ o6reugorvr Bece !r c 6onee BbIcoKHMt{ aAfe3uoHubtr\rn cBo;:-
CTBAMI'INO OTHOUCHI4IO K PACTBOPY;
rrpr.IMeHrrTb pacTBop, |IporiHocrb KoTopofo 3HaqI{Ter'lbHo npeBbllxae:
npOqHOcTb nopflcroro 3aIIOJIHLITeJI9,coxpa]Iflfl BO3MO]KHO66,r1[ryro o6r,er:'
Hyro KoHueHTpar{HroKpynuofo 3aIIo,tHHreJIR e 6eroHe.
B rex xe cJlyqarx, KorAa peqb HAer o KoHcrpyK(IroHHon'I ,refKoM 6ero-
He noBbrrrreHHbrx Mapox (200-300 rcecfca2 u 6onee), rAe onpeAerflroulu\1
fiBrfleTcf npor{Hocrb MaTepHa"rra,a o6'beNlHblfi Bec elo rro Bo3Mo)KHocTI,tAo.'l-
xeH 6rirl B [peAerax 1500-1800 Kefil.3, HapflAy c noBbrueHr.reM npoqHocr;.
paCTBOpa n npOr{HOcTH 3al]OJIHtlTe,r'lfl npXXO!,HTCfl yBeJIIlqI'IBaTb OO'bel\'lHoc
coAepxasue pacrBopHori cocraBJiflr,ouerl r{ coorBercrBeHHo yMeHb[rarb Ha-
cbruleHl{e 6erosa MeHee rrporrHbrM lopncrbrM 3anoJrHfiTeJreM; rrpa 3ToM Be-
JII{q?IHag Moxer cHu}Karbcn n easllcnnocrrl or MapKH lerxofo 6eroga Ao
0,2-0,25. He cr're4yer ea6unarl, oAHaKo, qro Bo3MolKHocrrl pefy,rttpoBallHq
npoqHocrn r.r o6reruuoro Beca JlerKoro 6etosa orpaHl4qeHbl coorBercrByto-
rrlnMrl xapaKTepr4cruKatv rrpnMeHaer\,Ioro KpynHoro 3anoJIHI4TeJIflB 6erorte.
flpovHocrr JrefKoro 6etosa o6ycnoaneua npoqnocrbro nopucloro 3a-
RoJrHHTeJrfl,HesaBficaMoor npoqHocrrl pacrBopa e 6eroHe. CosAaercq csoe-
o6paenar saBHcHMocrb MexAy nporlHocrblo JlerKoro 6eroHa Ha nopncrbt-\
3anoJrHlrTeJrfx n npor{Hocrbro efo pacrBopuofi cocraensloueli. cyulec:rnyr,o-
rlaff AJrs rrlKeJrbrx 6erogoe Ha nflorHblx H npoqHbtx 3aloJtHLIreJInx S1'ux-
quoHaJrbHas SaBHclrMocrl .nnueilHoro xapaKTepa Ailfl JrerKr.rx 6eroHoe Aeii-
cTByeT JrtIIIrb AO HeKOTOpOTOnpeAeJIa, TeM ooJIblIIefO, r{eM Bbrue [pOqHOCTb
nopHcroro 3anoJrHHTeJrg;3a 9Tr4M npeAeJIoM Aa.nlsefturee noBbrrueHr4enpoq-
Hocrr pacrBopa e 6eroHe 6ecno,reguo, TaK KaK efo npoqHocrb JI?IMr{TLIpyer-
cs 6oaee cra6ur'r nopncruM 3anorul4reJleu (pnc. 20). flprzeeAeHnafl 3aBH-
cnMocrb Ro:f (Ro) ans rerKHX 6erouon noJlyqeHa npr.r Heu3Mesuorl xou-
IIeHTpaTII{H KpynHoro IIopI4cToro 3ano"'IHIITeJIa n 6eroue; c yBerEr{eHne]r
cOAepXaHHfl nopHCTO|O 3anonHnTer'If, KaK HaHMeHee npOqHOro KoMnOHeHTa
6eroRa, npoqnocrb ero cHlrxaercl, xapaKrep )'Ke 3aBI{cLIMocr" 4u :f (Rot
ocraercf, [pexnr.rM. Ha pzc. 2l npxne4eHbr KpHBbre 3aBl.rclrMocru fipor{Hoc-
rH Kepalffiriro6eroua or npoqHocrn pacrBopa npu pa3Hou npo'lnocrr.r Kepalr-
3 r r ? a H p a u l u u u o f i e r o K o H I I e r r r p a I r H i Ie 6 e r o H e ( n o A a u u n u B . l . ! , o r x n r a ) .
Ha oAng rexHo,'Iofurlecxun IIpHeM IIoBbrIUeHI4flnpoqHocrlr pacreopnoit
cocraBJrflrorqeft ns paso6pauuux BIrtIIie He Aaer Bo3NIoli{HocrH npn AafHoxr

96
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4. Ilo46op cocraBaJrerKoro6e.rosa1
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pacxoAa ueMeHTa
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coM I,L'IAAaHHbrr\Ili no MAHI4MaJluo seo6xo4r.tuoii I]porrHocrtl KepaM3ara r.1f;
flofi yqeHHrr Kep a ['l3rlro6erolr a rpe6vev ori npoqHocrfi.
Hau6o,ree a$$eNrueHbrM NreroAoM Ha3HaqeHnfl cocraBa nerxux 6ero-
HOB trBJrfercfi pacqerHo-3KcilepHMeura,rlulrrl. llo,rtgyscl r{MercuIHMr,rcflKo-
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AaHITbIX HJ'rHfpafll,lKoB, MO)i(Ho paccqvTaTb pacxoA cocTaB,'rHruU{nx MaTe-
psa,roB na npo6uorri saMec (oAuu a,rn 6o"'ree) n B npouecce rpuforoBr,reHrrfl
3a14eCOV B I ' O q Hf T b C O C T a B .
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I Hnxe u3jrafaercr ilreroar,rKanoA6opa cocraBa ,relxux 6erosoB lta 'pr{Mepe K e p a l r -


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ra Ha3HaqaeTcq opHeHTllpo-
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20-40
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t). ::.i:o uil 10, 12, l4 u l60/6
r f l p H - v B e n f i u e t l n unl o A e u N n c c r l t 6 e r o s s c { c l l e c u t t o 2 , 5 f i 8 c J wo c a A x f i K o H y c a p a c '
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flpe4rapare,'r bHo seo6xoAl.tuo ycranoBl'trl, Haa6onuuyn AonycruMylo
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n p u M e H n e N r o floe c r { a n n p .
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npu o6teuuou illacHnHoM aece rpaBtrt B Ka/ff''

90-100 175-190 t65-180 155-170 2t0-225 200-215 t90-205


60-80 185-.200 175-190 165-180 225-240 215-235 205-225
30-50 195-210 185-200 175-190 250-270 240-260 23f-250
15-25 205*220 195-210 185-200 275-300 265-290 255-280
215-230 2f.5-220 195-2r0 300-325 290-315 270-305
225-240 215-230 205-220 325-350 315-340 295-330
235-250 225-240 2t5-230 350-375 340-360 330-350

11 p lr u eq a H n rr: 1. Aangure paccqr.rraHbl npu ycnoBxt-t ttpriMeneHr4ff KepaM3uroBofo


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500 0,77 0,7 0,58 0,5


600 0,83 0,77 0,68 0,58
700 0,85 0,8 o,72 0,6
800 0,88 0,83 o,75 0,67

500 0,71 0,59 0,57


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: '.,:\ HoMOf paMM llpIIBeAeHbt Ha Kepar\r3r.ira,ero o6reuuor? KoHrleHTparluu
: l-1. B ocraJrbHoMnoA6op cocra- u pacxoAa r{eMerrTa
)H . ;--,etoganpoi43BoAI{Tcf aHa,'Iorilq- a - F 6:400;R[:500; 6 - R6:200;Rr.*+00
r i t r c S H H o M !B b t I I I e .
eH-
3A- 6) IlopusoeaHHbre rteeKue 6erornL
BbI I-lopueonauHbre,'rerKue6erosar rrpeAcraB,'rffrorco6ofi pa3HoBLIAHocrb
btx ': ..ir-\
oerorroe Ha nopHCTbIXBano,'iHHTeJrfx, orr'rHqatonfixcfl ncKyccTBeFI-
Jo3.taBaeMorlnopHcrocrbrc pacrBopnor:i cocraB,'rflrorqeil.fiononunre"'rr-
\,te- :: nopil3aur,rfi,'lefKofo 6erona I]03Bo,'rseTyMeHbIxI{Tbo6tevrHi,rrl Bec nptr
oH- .aHeHIII4 C,THTHOCTI{ CTpOeHflfl IL'II4 )Ke npHMeHr,lTb 6O"ree Tfl)Ke,lblir rO.
r{n-
.-bri-i 3anor'rlrureJ'rb, He yBe,'ru.utBafl, nptl aroM o6'lerusoro Beca 6eroHa.
{ae i .r',are c re[,r rtoph3ar{}ifl pacrBopHori cocraB,'rflFotqeil
Aaer Bo3Mo)KHocrb
03-
- - r . r b 3 o B a r b B , r r e f K i l x6 e r o H a x B M e c r o 6 o n e e A o p o f o r o r . r A e S r r u n r H o r o
- ,:crol'o o6srqnrtft nplrpo4Huri necoK, HC lB€r'rHeHBaflrrplr oroM o6'beMHblfi
il]X -.rL.riioto 6eroua.
bllt
flopu:onaHHble ,rerr(Ire 6eroult BbrroAHoor,Tr{qarorctror o6blrlHbrxilo-
rrh-
"t' , - . " ' c l r H o f i c B s 3 H o c r b r ox, o p o u e i r y A o 6 o y K r a A b r B a e M o c T bxr o H e p a c c ! ' r a H B a -
lla - - aibto.
no- B :anucrlr'rocrH or cnoco6a ilopx3arIEtr ,'refKo6eronHofr cMecH pas-
CII-
.t n r :
ry- 6trouu, pacrBopHar cocraB"'irrloular Korophtx nopr.rgoBaHa. npr.i noMo-
- 3O3AyXOBOB,TeKaTOIIlXX AO6aBOK.E,raro4apn Ha,'1I.{qArO BOB,rreqeHH0fO
ufr- : - - \ ' \ a T a K H e6 e T o H b rx a p a r i T e p n 3 y r o T c fM i e H b [ I H M c o A e p ) K a H f l e Mn e c K a
oe- . - : .i o f r c c r { 3 H b tneo p H 3 0 B a H H b;t'€t e f K H e6 e r o H b l );
oq- rjerour't 6ecnecqaHrie,B Koropbrx ilopu3aulifl IleMeHTHoforecra ocyue-
,1ti- -,1.r1ercfl npI,I lloMoll-il,IileH()- tt'ru] ra3o06pa3oBaTe.rreii(uanpznaep,
6ec-
3U- : - . J l r l , r i rr i e p a M 3 H T o n e H o 6 e T oKH e ,p a M 3 r . r r o r a 3 o 6 e r o H ) .
JHA DecnecllaHbte,,rerKr're qeNIeHTHbIl\{
6eroilr,l c nopi.t3oBaHHbIM KaMHeM3a-
103
HHMaIor xaK 6bI npoMexyroqHoe no"Ioxenue MexAy flqencrblMfi 6eroHaMl'l
u JIerKr.r\'IH 6erouauz Ha nopHCTblx3aIIoJIHl'lre"rtlx.
B x a q e c r e e B o 3 A y x o B o B n e K a n u l n xA o 6 a n o x n p u M e H t l l o r c f lr a K H a S b I -
n a e M b r el n r K p o n e H o o 6 p a s o a a r e , l u K; H H M o r H o c f l r c r , r I a i l p l ' I M e pa, 6 N e r a r
] l a r p r r f l- C H B ( c n t o " r a H e f i r p a , r u s o B a H H a B
flo3AyxoBoB,reNaroqaao ) ,M b l -
"reuuuri lpenecuufi nex (n,racrnQuxarop I{Hl4ilC-l), nro4nltlte B Kor'lH-
r { e c r B eo r 1 0 0 . q o 4 0 0 e f . u B 6 e r o n a , a r a K ) K e p a 3 I H q H b I en e u o o 6 p a e O B a T e I H
(cm. rr. 9). Heo6xoAuvstfi o6.beM BosAyxoBoB"rieqeHHfl ycraHaBJII4BarcT'
H C X O A fHl 3 3 a A a H H O f O O6beMHOfO B e C a n o p H 3 o B a H H o f o6 e T o H a I { x a p a K T e -
pr.rCTHr{ coC'raBJrflIoUIIaX MaTeptza,roe.Ha o6lerit Bo3AyxoBoB,'IeI{eHI{g noMI4-
Mo rHna MLIKponeHoo6pasonare,lsn ero Ao3l'rpoBKI'I B,rlI'lfferraK)Ke cocraB
.lefr(ofo 6erona. llopgsaq1s pacreopHoft cocTaB"Ifllolqefirelt 6o.noure,qert
M e H b u r eu e M e H r a B u e M e H T H o - n e c q a t { opMa c r B o p e , r . e . n o p u 3 a l { u f l 6 o , ' I e e
e$sexrueria e 6erouax c pacxoAoM IIeMeHra 200-250 rcefu3 u MaJIooQ-
Qexrirnua npu pacxoAe l{eMel{ra 400 rcef'tt? u 6o.lee.
D,ns xaxaorl cMecfi ecrb cBoe oIIrI4MarbHoe 3HaqeHHeB/Q, npu xo'
TopoNro6a,eM Bo3AyxoBoB.reqeHLtg 6y4er HaH60,rL'tilutu. r{elt Me,'lbr{eI{ Ttl-
)Ke,reenecoK, reil{ }reribl1e o6'beM BoBJIeqeHHoroBo3Ayxa. IIpu 6onluotlt
co4,eplKaHHH nbr,{eBr{Anrtx$paxuHii nos,u,yxoeoB"{eqeHl'{e BecbMa 3arpyAHe-
Ho. C yne,rHqer.r14eM coAepx(aHhfl KepaNI3I{roBorofpaBHfl. HIlt4 HHoro Kpytl-
I{oro rropr{crofo 3aro,'rHHTe.IIfl s 6erouHot} cMecH (ao onpe,qe,'iellHbIx npe-
4enoe) o6'leu BoB,reqeHHoroB ctllecb' Bo3Ayxa npn HeH3MeHHoMpacxoAe
Bo3AyxoBoB.rerarcurert ,u.o6aexnn nocroflHHow B/lJ Mo)Ker Bo3pacrarb B
H e c x o , ' r b Kpoa s ( s n n o r l l o l 0 p a s ) . B r a H H o M c r y q a e 3 e p H a K p y [ H o r o 3 a -
nc,rrHHTeJrfl cnoco6crnyror AoIIoJIl{ure,'IbHoMy ns6t4eaHnrcneuu. flopu3aul'{fl
pacrnopuorl cocraB.rrrlrcu{efi ycn"runaerctl c noBbI[IeHLIeMcoAepx(anur MeJI-
KIiX I{ JIefKItX seDetl KpVnHO|O 3aIIO,'lHlllTer'ifl'
llpuroron.neune nerNo6erouHoft cMecl{ c Bo3AyxoBoB,'teKatoqt{MH Ao-
6aexa[4r.r npolr3BoAHTcflB o6btqHblx 6erosocntecl4reJlnx;rpe6yercn luutu
npeABapr4Te,rrbgo saroToBurb BoAHbIlipacrnop neuoo6pasoBare,'tfiAonxuoit
Koucr4creHlrux,C yeeauqeHneMAJIure"IbHocrI'tnepeMe[]nBalnr'trr cMecl4o6'b-
eM BeB,[eqeHHoroBosAyxa Bospacraer. Perynnpyfi ero o6T,eMnyreM coor-
RercrByloulero no46opa cocraBa JrefKofo 6erotia, Mo)Ktto peryJ'II'tpoBarb
o o3Ayxanpn o6ltuuo npt{Me-
o 6 r , e u u u r i s e c 6 e r o H a . O 6 ' o e n rs b e , ' I e q e n H o r B
r{fleMbIXcocraBax 6erosa I,t MHKponeuoo6pasonare;lrx Mo)KeT Aocrttfarb
120/oo6urero o6reua 6eroHa. OAuaxo c KaxAbIlI nporreHroM o6terrla eo-
B,'rerreHlroroBo3Ayxa ilpoqHocrb 6erosa cHHxaercfl npHMepHo ua 4-5010.
Tax, npu o6reve Bo3AyxoBoBreqeHl.lfl 120/snpouHocrb "IlerKofo 6eroua csu-
xaeriq sa 40-45010 no cpaBHetlHtoc npoqHocrtlo 6eroua raKoro x(e co-
craBa, Ho 6es Bo3AyxoBoB!'IeI{eHufl. llopltsaunn c Bo3AyxoBoBrerreHI4eM B
n p e A e , r a x8 - - 1 0 % o 6 n e u a 6 e r o u a l o 3 B o , ' t f l e r n o , ' t y q a ' i b x e p a n a s n r o 6 e r o H
o6renariuu BecoM 900-1200 rcef.nLsua cpaBHllre,,'tbHo T'fl)Ke,IoxIKepaM3Hro-
BOM rpaBI{n H,lll{ TsXe,'lOM Me.nKOM3aIIO,'II{HTeiIe, HafipuMep IIpHpOAHOM
IICCKC.
lloa6op cocraBa rropu3oBaHHoroKepar\t3taro6erouaocyu{ecrBJlrercs no
TaKoMy x(e npHHI{IInyK , aK H ,lerKoro 6eroua n,'torHofo crpoeuua, c rofi
d'tHIxbpa3HLrqeri,r{To IIpn pacqere pacxoAa cocraBJfl]out{x }rarepr{aJroBHa
npo6uuie 3atvtecbrro ltero.ny a6co"'IlorHblxo6leltog vrlHTblBaercs-o6leu
B o B l e r r e H r r o r oB o 3 . u , y x aC. rraqara Ha3Harraercfn l p e A B a p t t r e " , t r r r b rpi ra c . \ o A
r - ( e M e H T a( r p n a a p H a H t a ) , 3 a r e l t - o 6 r e n a u o e c o A e p r ( a H I { eK p y n H o r o 3 a -
no,'rH[Te.rrfl s | .tur3 6eronsoft cil{ecfl; o6beMHaf KoHueHrpat{HtrKpynHoro 3a-
ro.rrlrllTe,'rfl Aor'rlKHa6url no Bo3Mo)KHocrn6o,ree BbtcoKatr(o6uvuo 0,95-
1 , 0 5 u 3 f n s 6 e r o u a ) . P a c x o A r e c t { a o r p e A e , r l f l e r c tut o 3 a A a H H o l r yo 6 r ' e u H o -
M y B e c y 6 e r o s a , a p a c x o A n o A H e u 6 n p a e r c t t n o r a 6 " r n u e B 3 a B u c u M o c r ror r
saAaHuoil nonBrl)KHocru 6etoHttofi cueclt. Heo6xoAltuuri o6reu BosAyxo-
B0B.rrer{eFrHfl paccqllTbrBaeTcgIto MeToAy a6.conrcrHltx o6rer.ros no $oplry.ne

r04
(L + !- + 4 +r )-lr;,
Y": +' " 1irooo
l'n ?r /)
\?'r
--: ,i - o6'LeMHr'rii nec sepeu nopficroro necl(aB uesleHT'
:- l..nerlnurii Bec ueMeHra;Tn
::cre; YK-o6teusutfi Bec 3epeHKepaNl3llroaofo rpaBlit B IrelteHTHoll pacrnope (no
:- r,,xc |OCT 9758-61); 4, II, K n B -pacxoi,st Mareptra'loB s xzf tt3'

3itaq Heo6xontltltuii o6leu BoB!'Ieqel"lHOfo BO3Ayxa ua Ln3 CMecl4 H rI{ll


-1.'.\oBoB;rexaruuteii Ta6,'iHqaNl HaxoAllN{ pac-
I j AO6aaxu, no HMeroillt{Nlcfl
- H3
:o6aBKH, xoroplrri 6epercr raKxie B rpex.BapHaHrax n.ltl Kaxaoto
-':': p a c x o A o B I I e N l e H T U
a a n p o 6 u u e 3 a M e c b l ' S a r e N { n o pa.c,-
Ha3HaqaeMblx
. , : : : a i { t { b t } { C O C T a B a NT{O T O B q Tn p O 6 H U e 3 a M e C b IU n u 6 n p a r c T O I I T U M a J ' l b H b I I l '
6ecnecqaHtre !'reftiHe 6eroglt c ilopI{3oBaH}lbIIlI ueNlellr}lblM I(aMHeN{
. : i T f o T o B l , l T b c f l H a o c H o B e u e M e H T H O T OH J I I { I ' I 3 B e c T K o B o - I I e c q a H o r oB s -
- '. lefo c npHMeHeHHeM aBTOKJIaBHOTO TBepAeHI',lqI'Ir'II{nponapHBaHI'ltl npH
. : r ' l c c Q e p H o M A a B J I e H H I z I' ( n n N y u r e i u y , o c o 6 e H H o i l p l l a B T o K J a B H o M T B e p -
:::li;1. peKoMeHAyercg Ao6asnnrt, tonrorulod'IoTble u,'lu nbI"'IeBI'iAHbIeAOOaB-
':.
oS.ra,laroilIHe rHApaerI'rqecxoii aKrHBHocrblo.
Co.e,epXanue nopltSOnaHHolo IleMeHTHorO TeCTa B ,xy6olrerpe 6erOsa
- : ^epaM3I4TOBOMrpaBI'rH COCTaB,'tfleTnpfiMepHo 0,45 tts, a Ha I{epaNI3I4TO-
..,rr ute6se - 0,55 i43.
'1,'rn no'ryueHun JlerKoro 6erosa c ''opll3oBaHHbIM IreMeHrtlbIM I(aMHeM
: :peJ,BapHTeJIbHOBcneHeHlIOe qeMeHTHOe recro flqeHcrofi crpyxrypbl BBo-
::: cooTBeTcTByloulee KO,rIi4qecTBoI{pynHoro nopHcToro 3aIIo"lHl{Te"Ifl E
: i: -i3b nepeMe[Ii{BaIOT AO IlOJIyqeHHfIOAHOpOAFIOH CMeCI4'
flpOuuOCrS J'teIKI4X 6erOHOe C nOp143OBaHHbIMIIeMeHTHbIM I{aMHex{
,le.l.e,]aeTcfl npoqHocTblo UeNIeIITIIOIOKaMHfl H npoqHocTbn efo cuenr'le-
-:rq c 3aIIOJIHLITe,'IeM. [euegruoe TecTo ffrteI4CTOrOCTpOeHI',lfiI1plIAaeT ,rler-
. :SeroHsOt? CMSCH noBbIIIIeHHylO yAO6Oyl(JIaAbIBaeMOCTb'xopolllyrc il,1ac-
:!:;ilOCTb Il HePaCCJIai'lBaeMOCTb.

f , r a s a8

B E C U E M E H T H b I6EE T O H b lH A n f l o r H b l x 3 A n o f l H H T E . T I f l X

l. Cs.rnratnble 6eroHbl

a) OcnoauaLec*oicrsa u )capaKrepucruKu

C u " r H x a r H l t e6 e r o n b l - 3 r O o 6 l U H p H a f ir p y n n a 6 e C q e u e n r n b t x6 e t O F t o s
:3TOK.'iaBHOIO TBepAeHllfl,IIO,rlyqaeN{bIx Ha ocHoBe uSBecTKqBo-KpeMHe3eMI'I'
::bi\ Bfxyr{HX H pa3,'rfiqHblx MHHepa,lbHblx 3aIIOJIHI'lTeneti; ocuonHblM IIe-
\t€;irnpylou{t4MBeulecrBoMTaKLrx6eroHog ttBr'lfrorcfl fl'IApoci4Jlil{arblKa,'lb'
'
:1c Da3HOii OCHOBHOCTI'I.
flpeuuyuecTBeHHOe pacIIpocTpaHeHHe r.rMeIor MeJIKO3epHucTble cl'{r'lIi-
.::aTHbre6erOHSt C 3alO,'IHHTe.IrrMI{ B BHAe npHpOAHbIX KBapldeBb]X' nO"IeBO'
:'.naTOBbtx lr rap6OUarHblx lteCKoB, a TaKXe TOn,'IHBHbIX3O,1' IO,rIyqaeMbIX
: T' I I I N b I I C B i ' I A H O MC > K I ' I f A H H IKI A M C H H b I XY I T C f t .
MenxOSepHHCTbIe Cl,lr,'lliKarl"l5le6erotll,l, HanpHMep H3BeCTKOBO-IIe6qa-
nbrl-, BbtroAHo or,,tuqarcTcfl or o6blqHblx (rpynHosepHllcrux) UeueHtltux 6e-
:oHoe 6o,ree oAHopoAHbtM crpoeHl,teM, a TaK)Ke 6onlrueli NtoHo,'IHTHoCTbIO
J.rpvr{Typbr 6.larO4ap91 6O"'tuUrOlin,'lOUIaAu KOHTaKTOBI'l xl{\{Hr{eCKOIi ilpH-
:o.t.e cBff3tr Me)KAy {eN{eHTt.tpvrcil{HMBeil{ecTBoM 14 OCHOBHOfi}laCCOii Me.rl-
..oro 3ailoJulurenq. 3tnntu oio6essOCrflMl'I cTpyKTypbl Ir IloBbIIUeHHoilrnpov-
qTO, HeCMoTpf Ha Meub-
rocTbro ctten.rieHI.{flqaCTItlI MO)l(Ho O6bflCHHTb TO'
105
uyto I],xorHocrb Me,nKo3epril]crofo cH,rrHr{arHoro6eroua (cygn ilo ef.
o6telt_uolrv aecy) , [poqHocrb r]a c>Karae, naK [paBl4,'ro,He Hhxre r]porrHo.
cta o6uqurrx IIeMeHTFrsrx 6erouoe, a orliocr,rreJbHagnporlHocrb Fra pacrfi.
D
'l!9!l
;reuue Aa)Ke HecKoirbKo BbI[Ie.
(cx
O6r,euuuii Bec Me,rr{o3epHHcrbrxcH,'rHI{arHbrx6erorton cocraB,,rrrer
I 8 5 0 - 1 9 5 0 r c z l n a ( u . r i l i u r u 1 ' b c o 6 o r , ' r o r H b r xc t 4 . r r u K a r H b6r xe r o u o n o H r o -
crHraer 2100-2150 rce/u3). C nosuulel{ueM rrJrorHocrr.rcr,ruriarurrx 6ero-
HOB t{x [poqHocrb u croirxocrt Aocrur!rcT ypoBHfl COOTBercrB,v]oxI].tx uo-
riasareireu BbIcoKol]poqHbrx TIeMeHTHHX 6etOHOe.
llo cyu{ecrBylotrlnxr HopMaNrcH.,rHKarHbre r.r3BecrKoBo-necqanure 6ero-
Hbr Aerrrcq no [porlHocru Ha c)Karr.reHa MapKr.r100, 150, 200, 300 u 400.
L yBer'tHqeHlieM n,'IorHocrr4crpoeHug 6eroua fi aKTr.lBnocrH Bfl)Kyqefo Mapria !
6eron-a lto rpoqHocru ttpu cx<arrlu Mo]Ker Aocrararb 400-60b.
Xoporuee c{er,rreHaecu,'rnKarHoro6eroua co craJrbuofi apuarypoli, no-
Bbiue_HHaff Tpeurl4Hocror?r<ocrs Iz BbtcoKarrnpu3MeHHaf lpoLrHocrb, paBHafi
Hnu 6nusxaa x Ny6uxoeori, a raKlKe coxpaHHoc% cra,qbHori apnaiypH u
oeroHe B HopMaJrbr,rbrx ycJroBnrx sKc[Jryarar\uu H npa cooreeicreyroureit
efo n"qorHocrH no3BO,'rfirornpHMeHqrb cH,'raKaro6erouutle apMHpoBaHHbre
I{oHCTpy-KIIHIl B x{H,llI{U{HOI{, lpaX(AaHcKoM H IIpoMb]tx.rle}tHoM cTpollTe,'rb-
crBel. Co6creeHHrirl nec rroncrpyKrruHMo)Ker 6tir.r cna>rreHlrpr{ 3roM npH_
M e p F r os a l 2 - l 5 o l o .
Heroropunl IIeAocrarKoM Me,TKosepHHcrbrx clIJIr.tKarHbrx6erouoe qe-
,lfiercrI noi,rHxieFrt.tbui traqa"rlgrtir MoA-v,'rbytrpyrocrlr, BeJIHquHar{oropofo
) ' c H , r r r d K a r r ' r o 6r oe r o H a H a n e c K a x c p e r u e r i x p y f l H o c r r { e 1 , 5 - l , g p a 3 a , a y
6erosa rra trre,rxgx [ecr(ax B 2--2,8 paga MeHbrrre MoAyrr ynpyrocrrr
xpynHo3epHr.rcrororleMeHrHoro 6erosa. 3ro npnno4nr x yne,raq-enirbii
ae-
$opnaauau 6eroua npn Kparr{oBpeMeHrioNr safpyx<e'Hr, Ko'crpyKrlr.{rE.oa-
IJaKo' ec,IIHyr{ecrb, uro 6,raro4apfl KpncTa/r,'rHqHocrrr ct{,TgKargbix6erogoe
aBTOKT'raBr:Ioro rBepAeHvfl LlX 4eQOpiuaqutr nor3yqecrij SHaqnre,lrbHoN{e}rb.
lje, r{eM o6lrqsr'rx, o6u{ue ae$opuaquH, cyMMlrpyrcu{ueKparKoBpeN{eHHbrc
ynpyrl4e H A,'IfiTeJIt,HbIe rId'IacrHr{ecKfie, He npeBbIIualor raKoBbrx B ueMeHT-
ttotx-6etonax. 6,raro4apfl .jrolrry roHuiri.eHljbre3naqeHllfl MoAy,rrrynpyrocrrr
cti,{uKarHbrxMeJrKoeepHltcrtrx6erogoB He npr{BoAflTK geo6xo,l,nl,rocruvBe-
r'rHeeHHfpa3MepoB ceqeHuli 4na o6ecneqeHHgrpe6yennor?xecrrocru iuor,_
crpyKrlr{i.t.
Croft xocrl cI4,rI HKarHbrx6eronos Bo BpeMeHr{onpeAeJrrercqcrorixocr-F,ro
oclloBHoro ueMeHTrlpvrculeroBexIecTBa- tHApOCI4"'rr,rKaToB r(a,,rbr_IHfl.
&loposocrolixocrl cHJiHKarHofo6eroHa aBToKr,raBHoro rBcp.qeuurr.xo_
Tfl H HecKo,'IbKoHI{}Ke,qeM y [,'IorHL,tx(eMeHTHbIX6eronon, Ho'BIlo.TIIc
no_
crarorlHa r,nq o6ecreqeHi,tficoorBercrByrotufix rpe6onauuri n no,,arpvnu,,o,,
rr c-oopylKeHHffr\,r rpa)KAaHcxHx H npoMbrrx,'reHrrbrx sAaHHri.Ilpn rreo6xo4ri-
I'rofi nnorgocrt{ H npaBr{JrbHonoifo6pauHoM cocraBe cfl,rrr{KarHofo6eroua
oH Mo)Ker BblAep)KarbAo 200 qilK,rloBfionepeMeHl{ofogaNropax{uBanuflLI
or-
TAHBAHNfl.
crorlxocrl cH.{r.IKarFrbIX 6eroson B yc,'roBrrqxcHcreMarflqecKofo Boe_
A e i i c r n z q r o c r o f l H H oo 6 H o e r R e r \ r o rei o g l r , o c o 6 e n H oM l i u c p a , r H 3 o n a u u o ri i4 n n
naalrofi , eule HeAocraroriHonpoBepeHa np u A.ru4Te jr tuori excn"rvara trgl{.

6) Tecpdenue cu/LuKaruotx1erouoe
K a x a s e e c r H o ,r B e p A e H l r ec u J ' K a r s u r x 6 e r o s o B , r r [ r e r c u r u xe c e o e u o c -
FroBeAByXKOMnOHerrrH0e Bfl)K)'uee ri3Becrb a KBapueBbrrlnecor<unu Hsoil
r { p e M H e 3 e M c O A e p x a u uri < i o r r n o u e H rB
, n p a K r I J q e c K HK O p O T K r 4cep o K u B O 3 -
Mo>KHoro.rrbxo B yc,'roBHflxaBTor{.laBHorio6pa6orrir.j npl raB,TeHHrrHacbr_
u - l e H r r o r oB o A r r H o f on a p a 9 - - 1 6 a r n r e r l r n e p a r v p e1 7 1 . i : - 2 0 3 . c . E n a r o r a D s
I flpn excnnyaraut.{rr r<oHc'rpyxunii p c.roBriflx
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100
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B C r . r C T e MB e O A b t B K a n c , ' r b H O - ) I { L I A K OCNO{ C T O f l l l H li]l p l I y K a 3 a H -
: . ] \ T e M I ] e p a T y p a x n p o H c X o A I , I Tx H ] \ I [ q e c K o e 8 3 a u M o A e ] | C T B I I eM e x { A y | H A .
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-.,3pa6oraHHbrMfi
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-.lCUeCCa MaTepilaroB efo Mo>KHO
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nepBaf cTaAI,If - C MoMeHTa Bn-VcKa napa /lo /loCTI4X<eHI]fl3a,il'aHHoro
.'.B.ICFIHq B ABTOK,'IABC I-I BbIPABHHBAHHfTEMNCPATYPbITCNJ'IOHOCHTE''Ifl 1106'
, 6 arste aeMoto I{3Ae,rtHf;
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, b t \ f g A p o c g , ' r r 4 K a r o B1 4o c B o 6 o ) K A e H U e Mn p t t S T o M r t 4 4 p a r a o l i f i c l l K a . ( b u u t ,
l r o p b r i i B C B O r Oo q e p e A b 8 3 a i l f i l o A e f i C T B y e TC K p e M I J e 3 e N { O MB p a C T B O p e ,
i p a :t' n itoBble I{o;'IHH€CTB 3 HH3l(ooctloBHoro rnrp ocl{'[ I'tKara.
llo;ruOra CBl3btBaHhfl fuApaTa OKI,lcHKa,'lbunq B fl4.[,pOCll,'IHI{aTbl Ka,'Ib-
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: . r b H o c r n a B T o K , r I a B H O rOi 6 p a 6 0 r t < H .
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,tCriH€ cpocrng, 06laAatoil{-r.te ilpoquocrbro. 3TL{ xpllcrar'l.nuqeclil.le cpocrl{ll
- : . i a i r M , [ f l r O T6 O , l e e K p y I I H b l e q a c T l l q K I { H 3 e p H a l ( B a p I ] . e B O r oI i o \ 1 I l o r l e l l T a '
, t\itr )Ke OKaiiN{"1eltt4fi,06pacTafl BCe HOBbIMH II FioBblxIH CxOf x'[il rlillpaTIl-
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, \ r e ; , r { H b r xr l c c r . l l , i F I ouK 0 6 p a 3 ] ' F o r c e r K y ( q p o c r p a l { c r B e H l l b l l i K a p K a c ) , c B f l -
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,,:iicToro KoN'trloHeHTa,Itlpaou,ue po,lb 3aIIO'THltTed'Ifi B cll.iliKaT'HoM 6eToHe.

107
H a r p e r r e r i e t a 1 u u o 6 p a 6 o t x u c N , t o M e H rnap e K p a i l r e H a nA o c r y n a n a -
pa B aBroK.raB rer\rfleparypa B I-reMcHu]Kaercfl a us 6eroua, reMneparypa
Kol'oporo HeKoropoe BpeMfl Aepx{ttrca Ha 6o,ree BbrcoKoMypoBHe, rreM B
o K p y ) K a l o x { e Mn p o c r p a H c r B e ,H H T e H c H B Hf ioc n a p f e r c r r B ! ' r a f a .f l p a u c l l a p e -
HHI{ B.rraftrH3 6eroHa roBbr[Jaer(:fl KoHIIel{TpauurrpacrBopa rt{Apara oKltcil
Ka,'IbUIIfl, qTO nptrBOAI4T K BblnaAeHHIO I'I3 HaCbll]-leHHO|O paCTBOpa AOflOJ'I-
H],ITE,'IbIIOTOKOflHI{CCTBA HONOO6PASOBAHViI B BIjAC THAPOCfi,'II,IKATOB I(AIb-
ur{fl 6o"{ee sHcoxofi ocHoBHocri.r.Ecnn K KoHqy aBroK,rlaBHori o6pa6orr<u e
cficrer\'1eocTaercf cso6oAHHri fLIApaT oKl,lcH Kar'IblIUq,Aa,rlueilul.li npo-
uecc rBepAeHl,rfl6eroHa MolKer rrpoAo,rlKarbcr H ltoc,re lz3Breireul4flu3Ae-
n u f i u z a B r o K J r a B ar,d r r a B H b roM
6 p a 3 o M 3 a c q e r K a p 6 o H n s a r r n uC a ( O H ) , n o a
AelicrsneNr yr"[eKr.rc,rrorbr Bo3Ayxa.

a) Marepuanor O,cn nonAqeHun cu/ruKarHbtx 6eronoa


tr4cxoAurtlru Mareplra,rraMnr\Jrfl"no,rryqeHrifll{gBecrKoBo-KpeMHe3eMLtcro-
ro BflMyxlefo cr'ry)Kar r{3Becrb r.r roHKo3epHncrsni KpeMHe3eMncrufi r.rnrr
K p e M H e 3 e M O - T J T L I H O 3 e MXHO CwrnnrO1g1e H t .
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coAep)KaHueM flocropoHHHx npnuecefi. Co4epxauue cyMMbr ceo6o4Hr,rx
CaO+MgO e l4onorori serauresori ].rsBecru (cuuran Ha cyxoe neqecrno)
,no"tllKnococraBr'rrrrbHe Menee 900/s (l-ri copr), He MeHee800/q (2-rt copr)
u ue ueuee 700/e (3-rl copr), a B ruAparsorl nsnecru (nyruerrxe)- ue ue-
s e e 6 7 n 6 0 % ( c o o r n e r c r n e H H oA J r f l1 - r o u 2 - r o c o p r o n ) . C o a e p x a n u e M g O
He .{o,'rx(HonpeBbrrxarbd%. llonurueHHoe co4epxanae ,N{gO r o6yc,ron,rdH-
Iloe grl,rM Ha,rrir{Henepexora CaO eecoN{a Hex{e,TareJrbno, oco6euuo npH
nptzMeHeuHHnao,rororiI43Becrr-r(I4ne,'rr(?r, TaK KaK raIIIeHue raNori l43Becru
npozcxoAl]r HepaBHoMepHO LI 3aKaHquBaeTctlB IIepHoA,KOIAa I'l3Ae,'It'lfHa-
xoArTcfl B cra\un rBepAeHr{fl; 3ro HerlS6exHo rrpr.rBoAHrK o6pasoeannrc
rpeuHH.
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ocrarKy Ha cr4re Ns 02 ao l0lo, a Ha cr{re Ne 008- ao 100/0.Heo6xoAuuo,
.tro6rt ralUeHHe 14 3Becrr,r-KHIIe,'rKH ilporer(aJro Bo3Moxuo 6onee no,rrHo l.l
6rtctpo, B reqeHile 10-20 truH I\Jrn 6ucrporacauericq n ne 6onee 20-
25 uun [,'rfl Me.rtr:r€HHoracflxreiica. Co4epxaHr.re Hefiofacr.rBuruxcflqacrr.rrr B
r<ouoeoir r{gBecrr4Ao,'rx{Ho6lrrl ne 6o.ree 100/o s l-u copre u ne 6onee
2A0h- so 2-x,I.Ha cropocrb raIUeHI4fl cyrqecrBeHHo BJII,rflercoAep)Karrne
MgO n Had'ILIr{He npunrecettrJIHHacrblx BeIrIecrB.[,rrn ycxopeHHrrrarueHr{rr
r(oMoByror.r3BecrbrroABepraror 6o,ree roHKoMy rrpeABapr.rre/rbHoMy noMo,'ry
r.r BMecTo BoAbr rrpr4MeHrrroT IIap.
KpeuHeeenrucrbreKoMnoHeHrbr. B raqecrBe KpeMHeseMucroroKon{no-
HeHTa Bfl)Kyuero A,'Ir cI{JILIKarHux6erogoB Moryr iIpHMeHflTbcflToHKo}Io-
. T o r b l en p H p o A H b l ex n a p u e n u i i n n o , l e B o t u t t a r o n r t inr e c r ( H .a r a r ( ) K e3 o , r r Jot r
cfopaHhfi KaMeHHbrxyr,refi B ilbr,'reBaAHoM cocroflt{rlH. CogepxaHr.re SiO2
B [ecKe Ao,'IxHO 6r,rrl ge MeHee 800/0, a I]bt,'teBLIAHbrx lr frrrr{HricTbtx np}r-
neceri - He 6o.nee 70lo; s rrecKax x so/'re coAepx{aHHecepHucTbrxr4 cepHo-
K r 4 c J r b rcxo e 4 u u e H u r lH e A o n ) K H o n p e n u u a r r 3 0 / e ( e n e p e c , r e r e n a S O s ) ,
a c y M M a p H o ec o A e p ) K a H n eu { e , r o . r e r (i N a 2 O * K r O ) - H e 6 o , ' r e e5 } e . H o p n r a
A o n y c K a e M b l xo p f a H n q e c K u xn p H M e c e fri a K a q ) K e , K a K , r l J f l n e c K a ,n p n M e H f l -
eMofo B KaqecTBe3aloJrHllTe,'iflB ueMeFITHt'tx 6erosax.
3ona, 6yayqr.rAr'rcnepcuofi,ue Hy)KAaercq B noxro,'reBoBce HJra rpe6v-
eT BecbMa HeSHaqnTe.[bHoroAoI{o.1a,fJ,'raBHbIl,r o6pasolr 4,ra ycpe4HeHUX
KaqecrBa t.r 6onee no.ruoli foNroreHlr3auHnHgBecrKoBo-3o,'rbHofo Bq)Kyl{ero.
fIo caoelry xHMuKo-t\{r4uepa,'rofilqecKoMy cocraBy Hli3rioKa,'rbi{IzeBarr 3oJra
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roM B Bfl)KyIrIeM,coAep)Kalquu or 30 no 500/o SiO: u He r\{eHeel0% AlrOB.
3anonuure,nu. B cu,rnr<arHux 6eroHax Moryr npur{eHflrbcfl B KaqecrBe
108
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117
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118
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. : _ , . 1: i o a r l r o c r p e p o -H M o p o 3 o c r o i r K o c r b .
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IoIqHM He MeHee500/s sepeH pa3MepoM Io 1,2 .t4/il,ecrv raKafl 3aMeHa lte
BI)I3btBaerocaAKLIg.{enctoll Maccbl n Qopltax n IIo3BO,'Iflerro,'lyr{urb 6erott
g a ! , aH H o l in p o q H o c r t t .
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( 1500-2000cuzle).
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t23
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