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27
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28
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: l r , r': ; : l a c T C .
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29
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l a C l : ) " 6 ; a r o . r i a p r i t i . l ' i o i ) o j ; -I l r l O L I j : ( l c l ' t6r e ] o r t a r l o A -
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c Seroirori 6c3 ;lo6anrli; P, Iii.ril)tieijulell o'f HOcr't i.c'rlbFii,lil 3{pQeK'r -VCKope-
n n f l T B e p A e t r - I t {t r e u p e p b r B n o \ I } r c H b I I I a c T C RI i K 2 8 c y T K a h i l r l l } o q l t o C r b 6 e T o -
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fo Ha l0- 15%)
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30
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4. Vcxopeurre deroHoBrrpu norburrenubrx

rsep,(enr.rq remnepa"ypfix
a) 7'eepdenue c)rt
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r rxp o q e c c o B .B q a c r t t o c r f l , c f i o B b r r r J e i t u -
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r - r ' l i , r , r i l , r : J a u I IoI .cl o
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O6r,tqnOe ltpeAe,raX 9-
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r'oJbr(o A"rrfl ycKopeHi4fl TBep/{cnirs, iro n Anfl o6paaonatu.ir Kar{ecrBertllo IJo-
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CIl tl're3apOBaHHLIX UeMeIITI4llylolJlUX llCII],eCTB.
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Ha rtHIrIb ftptI rxo6aBJIeHHI.IK Hei\{y x'otlt(o]\tor'Ioroto KpeMfteBet'Itlcl'oro Kot\l-
IIOHeHTa, HanpHMep KBapUeBOTO IIeCKa. tt 3TOlrI C,r'lyqae CoAepiKalql4ecfl B
I{eMeHTe TpexKaJrbuueBbre H AByxr(aJlrrrII{eBbrecH"ri}1KaTbt,a Tax}Ke Ipylfie
tvir4Hepa,'rbIgeailxao/{ericrByror c r(pexr}re3ei\{ox,I,B pe3yJrr,Tare qclo Biuec'ro
ceo6o4uoro fnApara 'lKHClI Ka,'rbunfl, fioJlvqanu{erocfl npli ru4po"tuse c3s,
o6p asyerca Ao[oJlrrlrre,'rbnoe Ko,'Mqec'rtso rtiApocu.In]KaroB Ka,IIbqttq, a BMe-
cro AByxKa,'rbrlrreBofo fr{Apocu.rr.rKara, oopa3ylou{efocfi IIpil fnAparauHll
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pocr.rrrr.rKarL,r r{a,rrbrlarr lnna CSH (B) c o6u{efr $opuynofi: xCaO . SiO2'
. nH2O, rAe r rlaxoArlrcfl B npcile,'Iax 0,8--1,5.
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lieHTor\r, o6pasya BecrrMa nporrHble L{ croirK}lc KpHCTa.{.'tbI rltApofpaltaro}r,
x a p a x ' r ' e p u 3 y r o u l r x c x B o 6 u e L r lr u A e r p o p n i y ; r o i i 3 C a O ' A 1 2 O 3 ' x S i O z . r z l { s . O .

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, ; r , r \ ) K e i l e 3 0 6 e r O H H r ' r xK C ' r r C T p y K I I I . r(ici r , r . C r p . 1 7 6 ) .
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- 187
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. 6. TeuneparypHbre4eSopuaqu!{ rnepAeroulero derona

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T e M r r e p a r y p b rp, e 3 B r . r B a n u d e f i ceq 6 c r o s e , u o r x o a $ $ L i u u e r { r a c r o l u H e i i -
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neparypHofo rpaAueHra Meirut)'6eroirou u cpe4ofi.
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peHFrnxHanprrlKennii, oco6esso ycl4,'inBalo[li4xcr npl{ Halrr.uuu reMnepa-
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M a c c r . I B H o r6oe r o r r n o r o 3 d ' r e l r e H TBaH y r p e H r r u ec " r r o r rc, o x p a H s g S o n e e s b r c o -
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u H x . B c , r y q a e ,e c . . r i .grT n q e ( , r o p n r a q n ur p e B o c x o r f l r p a c r r ) f i n N { o c r r 6 ) eroHa,
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39
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u u e B i A ) ' r ' l e H b n a c r c n ,I r r p o t r t t o c r r , 6 e r o u a H a r e x ) K e N { a r e p t 4 a , r a1x4n p :
f l o q r r r r o ] r ) K e p a c r i c A e I l e l t e l l r a p a c r e r . T a x n m o 6 p a s o l r , y B e n H q L I B a cp a
6o11rl,n.rorireHl4finpu $oplroBauuu fle,ne.rluric oAuoBpenieuubtMrepexoAol
ua \reHee floAtsr.ri"i{ubre rr;ru 5o,ree x{ecriiHe cMecu, A,'to)KHo, nepeHocfl 3rlatii-.
v u e B f I J , o n ,n , r i e n o( p u c . l 0 ) , n o n n u l a r b E p o u H o c r l 6 e r o s a 6 e s y r e l n u e n l ' t .
pacxo.c,auclircHTauJrr lroBbtlileiltlflefo al{TltBHocrll.Aua,roru.illo SToMy ruo-
AA
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crr! Ha SaAaHI-lOM ypoBHe.
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H e H r , t q ,o I { e H H B a e M O u x o a s s u u H e H T O M y n , ' l o T H e H f i f l \ y u , I l o l { a 3 a H a I I a
pHc. ll. llpn Hcno!,tb3oBaHi.tt4 )KecTi{Hx 6eTOHHbIx Cl'lecefi Be.II4r{HHa r(ynn
/to,rrxHa 6rrrl s fipeAe.qax 0,95-0,98.
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r\re,{Koro 3arroJrH[Ter'r f J11t6o. pacTBOpHOlo \q

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3a[or'rHfiTe,Teri g ueMeHTHblM I(aMUelvl onpeAe- Pt.tc. 11. 3aeuclrnocrb nPoqHo'
,1flIoT C"IeAyl,OU{I,IeXapaKTepI.{CTllKIl npupoA- cru 6erosa or creneHllero Yn'
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3epeH), a,TaI{}xe oTcyrcTBI{e u,'rH Ha,'rIIqrle f,'tHIlIlcTbIX, I4,'l'tlcTblxl,I nbIJIeBI'I;l-
rrbrx nplrMeceti, CO3AaTUII4XnpenfTCTBI,Ifl AJIS nenOCpeACTBel{HofoI{OHTaKTa
3AI]OJIHI{TC,'Ifl C UCMCHTHbIMI(AMHCM.
n,rq nerxnx 6eroHoe Ha rropltcrblx 3ano,'IHI,tre,'Inx HaI46o;-t8€Ba)Ktlblil{H
flB!'tflIoTCff- IlpOqtrocTb 3aIIO,'IHI'lTeJIqn efo ynpyrae xapaKTepHCTI4KlI' no-
cKo,'rbKy Hx npoqHocTb, I(aK npaBI,I/'IO,HH)Ke npoqHocTl'l pacTBopHoll cocTaR-
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BbllxeHHoe cqellJleHae Mex{Ay UeMeHTHbIM KaMHeM I{ nopit:TbIM 3a'
IIo,rrHHTe,'reN{(ruepoxonaraa noBepxHocTb, xopouaq B,llaroorcacblBanulaf
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pacreop - co3aaeT KaK 6lt
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- ilopu'
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CTOfO ganO,'tHHTe,'tfl. E,rarOaapn HaAe)KHOCTI4CIIenteHI'1ff O6ectte'IHBaeTCfl
COBMeCTHaqpa6oTa gTUx AByX 3JIeMeHTOBB 6eTOHe Ha BCSX CTAnnr,X HA'
rp)')KeHHfl. 3ro cnoCo6CrByeT !'IyqlxeMy nepepaCnpe.4,e;reHurc Hanpfl)KCIlllli
B JerKoM 6erose u noBbrrueHHroero o6uleil necyrueli cnoco6Hocrll.
FIa npovHocrb 6eroua npr.r c)Karl,ru B,Tlifler raK)Ke Be,'IIlquI{a o6},eMlrol1
KOH(eHTpatIIIn KpynHOIO 3aIOrlHaTe,'Ifl; nplrqeM BJil4flHHe3TO MO]KeT 6ttro
:IBoRKHIvr.B rsxe.ryltx 6eronax npa npHMeHeHuI4 3ano,'IHuTe"qeii c npoqllo-
cTbro, 3aBeAOMO 66,'Ibl1eii, uertrerU upOr{HOCTbpaCTBOpHOfi cocTaBIqIOlUeli,
C yB€;'rlt9€gget\{ O6'beMHOitKOH[eHTpaUUA KpynHOIO 3anO,'IHI]TeIx CO3AaeTCtl
iioHraKTHOe pa3MeXIeHHe 3epeH I.I KyCKOB 3aIIOJIHI'lTeJIfU npOqllOCTb 6eTO-
Ha npr4 npoqnx paBgbrx yc,'roBgflx.Mox{er 6url [oBbrueHa npur{epHo Ha
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y M e H b u e F r H e ) c1o A e p T K a H H rp a c r o o p H o i i c o c r a e , ' r q r o u e f i n p o q H o c ' r b c f r ; .
x { a e r c r r ( n o 1 p o 6 H e ec u . r n . 7 ) .
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Mbre K 6erouy B orHo[IeHr,ruefo npoqHocrlt Ha c)KarEe, saAalorcfl B Bu:
n p o e K r H b r xM a p o K .
f l q 4 N { a p x o f i6 e r o H a n o n p e r { H o c r n H a c ) K a r n e n o H u M a e r c n n p e r t c '
npoqr{ocru npr4 cixarni4 6eroHHstx o6pasuon xy6nuecrofi $opun crar'r,4ap-
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roBJreuHbrxrrs 6eroHHofi clrecu pa60.refo cocraBa qraHAaprHbrirrcloco6c
II HcrllrrauHbrx B ycraHoBJ{eHI-roM Bo3pacre, o6rrqqo 28-cyrouuom, noc..
rBepAeHrrrB Fropr{a,rbHbrx reMneparyp}Io-BJraxHocrHbrxyc,'ioBHflx(rpn re:,
neparype cpeAbr 201-2" C a orHocrzre,rtHoftBJraxnocrtr cpeAbr 9070).
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n p o x 3 B o n c r e e .B c e q s r c s T H M M a p K y 6 e T o u a c , ' r e A y e rp a c c M a r p n B a r r ri
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3Ta,rorr ,4,rrflcotiocrasHttoi o(eriKlf pagruqHhrx tlo cocraBy Il ncxoAHbr]
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K a x n y B c e x x p y n K H XK a M e H H b r M
x a r e p n a J r o Bc, o n p o r r ' r B , r r e u a
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M e J r b r x6 e r o H o s H o p M n p y e M b r 3
ei r a q e H n " + - xo,re6",ircrcR
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HeM ero Mox{Ho rrpr{HrdMarbpaBHbrM 12-15 (4,ra 6erouoa lrapox 200-
400).
flpoutlocru 6erona Ha pacrttlKeHHe qaue Bcefo oueHr{Baercfl xocnc.
H b r M I l M e r o A a M f l , H a n p r 4 M e pr t o n p o q H o c t l l 6 e r o H n n r x 6 a , r o q e x c ' r a ] t A a l r
Horo pasMepa Ha pacrflx{eHue npa nsru6e, c fiepexoqHr,ruxoe$rpzqrl
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KasarerTl,tflpoqHocru Ha oceBoe pacrrxe]r]ie MoryT 6l,rru no,nyueurnra:.
x{e u no conpoTHB,'reHHro pacKaJIbrBaHi4r,o o6pas[on xy6r.rueci<ori$opN,
(pen<eulfl liHApnriecKoft ) no $optuyre
D
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C o o r B e r c r s e H H oM a p K a u 6 e r o H a n o n p o r r H o c r n H a c l K a r a e c y q e c .
Bynr MapKH 6eroua rto rlpoqHocru Ha pacrflx{erJr{ec HopMrlp'_r'eMbr\,r14 rrori:
gareaflMr{ lpeAeaa lrpoquocrfi Ha pacrfl)Kenrle npH Hsru6e r.rr'rrrHa oceBl
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flpouuocrl 6erona Ha pacrrxeHite B eure 6o,lluteir crenelrrl, qeM r.
c)Karrle, BaBr.tcuror cyMMapHori IoBepxHocra 3ano,qsureneri rr Kaqecr]:
KOHTaKTOB Me)KAy3epHaMI.r3anOJIHI.ITe,'rfl u UeMeHTHbrN,t KaMHet\{,oT collp,
T [ B r e H r . r qu e M e H T H o f oK a M H r rH 3 a r o r r r H T e J r rp a 3 p b r B yH H X y n p y f H x x : ,
paKrepr.rcTHKnpH pacTfxeHaH, a TaK)KeoT n,lorHocrr4 Mr.rKpo-14 MaKp
crpyr{Typbr 6erona, oco6eHuo B Kor{TaKrubrx3oHax.
C yne,rnuerrueM yAe,rrluofi nonepxHocrn KoHraKroB c [epcxoAoM c
oKpyr,'reHHbrx rpaBnenoAo6Htrx 3eperl 3ano,'iHltTe,{fl x 6o"ree cabNUOii, OC-
poyro"rluoli qe6HeeuAHoft $opue 3epeH, a raxlrie c [oBrJrrreHrreMcrerret.
uepoxoBarocrl4 noBepxnocreil H BJaroorcacbreafilu{ericnoco6socrg sailo..
Ultre,reu nJIOl]{a.[,b KoHTaI(TOB H npoqHOCTb clleIlJeHI'{fl I]OBbIIIIaK)TC'{; $a
sro npHBoAHTr( yBe,[rrqeHrlrc[poqHocrll 6erorra Fra pacrfl;,{(clrue.
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lIocl'b oruepAeBIIIero Bfl)Kyirlero DerdecrRa (xoropoe c.;leryer paccMarp14-
i l i l r l , t ] . r i a H I I o Mc , T y q a cK a K I I e v e u T H u t f i r a e l i ) H e r ' o I r , - l o T H oter p I l M . b l K a r I ? I e
i{ tloBepxHocra 3epeH 3ano,'rHHTe,rn no ncefi rrroulaAn r{oHraKToB.flonrr-
ueriuio npoqrrocrn KorrraKToBcnoco6creyer MaJrafl Be,rruquriaBoAoueMeHT-
Ilcro orHorueHnfl H 6,raronpnnrHble yc,ToBl4fiTBepAeHua,o6ecleui.tBaloulue
ir au6o,ree no,'rHyro f r.IAparaur4ro Bfl,'t{yu{ero.
flsnesue aArcgtrH. rro NtHeHrtoHcc,'relloBare;reli,o6r,rcHflercff prrAoM
npIrqun: Mo,rieK)r,'rripnoiit cBr3bro, c6yc;roeneunofl B2Fr-riep-Baz,nbcotsbIM!l
cl4'IIa\{I{,KaIll.lr'L'IrpHbtMX ci{i]ar'1H3a crrer ripucyrcrRi.rq xnlroii cfrastt Ha
i'palllll{e PaSAcna 3aIIOr'lHuTe"rIb - qcMel]Tllblli xai\,ie1{b, a TaK)Kc oJteKTpH-
qeci<ofi npilpo4oii aroit cBFisu.AAreeHr{ ycu/'ulRaercr{sa crrer riucro Mexa-
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r o6 n l -
iilyio cn"qomt'tocrbcrpyKTypbr t4 c,tlzrHocrr, crpoerrHr 6e'rorra. IJcn"'lorriocrl.t,
OTC,UOerrufl, ycaAorrrtr,rcH HeBl4,tit4ML,re t{a r,Ta3 [,n]KpoTpeu{i.llrbl B 6etoue
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rla[pri,rKell]{au pesxo cHi.t}KaK)T conpoTnB,lerfire6erotra pacTrr>KeHH]o.

a) C4entteuue Seroua co cT'arlbttoti'apnargtrtott

C q c n , r e r r u e6 e r o H a c o c r a , r r L , H o iarp n r a r y p o i a- B a x { H a r rK a r r e c r B e H g a g
\ a p a K T e p r l c r f i r ( a) K c , ' r e 3 o 6 e r o u ao;H o o 6 e c l e q n B a e r B o 3 M o l K i t o c r bc o B M e c r -
troii pa6orlr 3rnx Anvx Marepr.{a,rroB. flpouuocrt cUen,reHlrflsaBrzcHTor
M H o r u x r p a r < r o p o ec, B f l s a H H b r xc o c B o r i c r B a F r u6 e T o r r a ,c n p o $ l i , r e M a p M a -
rypbr,- ycJrotsHRMH KouraKTa MelKAy 6eroiior,I u apMarypol:t u np.
!,rn aplrarypHi,rx crepxueil H tlpoBoxo]( c fJraAKrrMnpo$a,reu npou-
irocrb cuer;'iel{ilfl cx,'taAbIBaercg.ti7 ABVX o,rreMeuroB:ticrr.tHiloro (aAresn-
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iuliiaer l,,lelKAyaptrarypori u 6erosonr [pt1 r4x 83ar{MHo]\IcMeuIeHL{r{(xor4a
aJ{fc3lloHHoecilen,'ieHHel.tapyrueHo).Be,rnuaHa rpeFIHs SaBI,tcHTOT rr,'Io.t,-
r l o c r H x o r r r a K r a , o r x a p a K r e p a n o B _ c p x l l o c TK u o H r a K T H p y t o u H xM a T e p H a _
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il\'rculrrx Fra apMar)'py. flpourrocrl aAresnoilHofo cuefi,rieHr.iflHaxoAi4rcfl
il npnuotl 3aBI4cI4NIocrI4 or npoqHocrri 6eroua Il a,(fe3!toH[{trlxceoficre ue-
:\lCHTHOro KaMHfl, KoTOpbtC OnpeAe,'ttilOTCs aKTHBHOCTbToBflXyilIefO, BO.I{O-
i i e t r c H T H b r M o r r r o [ r e H H e M , B o 3 p a c r o M i . l v c , r r o B H f l l \ { nr B e p A e H l r a . l l p N u e p u a n
ic,rr.lruiria trpoqHocrI] cLI,etrr.reHi]flTfi)Ke,qofo 6erosa Ha nopr,'raH.IIueMetITe
r I . r a f K o r i a p u a r y p o r i c o c r a B , T R C rD C p e . l i l e M 0 , 1 5 - 0 , 2 n p c n e , l a n p o r l H o -
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aT poJb aAfeSuoHHoro cue["{eHrrtr B cBflsH c .vBeJArieHHeM n/,-ro[Ia.
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r : : : : r . r i ' r r r J i \ n . { o [ i a A o K 6 e r o u a , l { a . x o A f l u l r . t x c r rB 3 a r l e n , T e H i l HC a p n r a r y p o r l
1' 11',1r'r1e uf'\'TKaX NIe>KAVBbtCT\ftal,Tl{.

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or it;rcsrucrl npocnoi.ixn;
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- f l r , ; ' ; ' , ' ' 1 9 . 1 ' l r p o r i F r o c r r rc i l e i r . - r e l r n r6 c r o u a a p i t a r v p o r i -
c 3To orHoueHrte ycH,,IHgj
. l i r o p o \ r n p o r i c x o r r . r r B b r , q c p r u B a H u oa p M a r y p H o r . o c r c p l K r r f i i l : J 6 e i c H u o i i o d o f i l , r a t ,
luia,ttl efo rioitraKTa c 6erollolt.
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Te,itbHCTO.TICTONl CJOe IrAlKe..lex{au{efo6eroHa B pe3yJriTare ceAHVIeltri_.
( l l o H I I b l x n p o q e c c o BB u e N t e t r r H o NTIe c r , 3x ' r o x { e 'irl p o H c x o A r r r r r
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B KOHTaT{ruori sose ric)K/Iy apntaryporl H 6erouor,r, qro lroxrer. cyqecrBe::.
iro cHr.ig14Tb o6uyro Be"[trqtrrrvcqen,tet{Hfl.

5. Vnpyr,o-nJracrHqecKue
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F Temneparypa 3aMep3aHlitt BoAbI B nopax 6eroua 3aBucllr or paAuyca
l nop; qeNr Tollbue llopbl, TeM Hu)Ke TeMnepaTypa 3aMep3aHltfl llo.qbl R III{X.
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: r:l': ii tsIJICOKOTCN{IIepaTypHbIX TeILIOBL'IXarperaTOB.
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HHH reil,rreparypri'1 ao 500-600" C x Bbrlxe pa3BrlBarorcr npoueccbr pa3.l
) K e H L I rr a A p a r r r b r x u o n o o 6 p a s o B a H u i i H
, anpr.rMep Ca(OH)2, c BbrAe.rreHlr.
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M e H r H o r oK a N r H r .F l a q n u a r c r e r l l f l e p a r y p u 5 5 0 ' C u s b r u r e p a 3 p y u a r o r .
( p a c r p e c x a e a n r c r ) 3 e p r { a K B a p q a B n e c K e ,B r p a H r . I r u o mu { e 6 r r ea n p } ' r ,
[opoAax Bc,'re.{crBr4e nepexoAa Kpucra,'l.irl.tqecKoro KBapua B Apyfyn Nro:i
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P a 6 o r a n r u K . . ( . , H e x p a c o n a 1 4 A p . n o K a 3 a H a B o 3 M o ) K H o c r br o , r r v ! :
HI,rfl Ha ocHoBe 11opT,'raHAueMeHTa xapocrounofo 6eToHa, colpauxrcule.
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. a) Ctoitxocra 1eroua I aepeccusHotxcpeda.1

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a r p e c c H B H b r xa r e H T o Bp a 3 p y u a e r c f l B n e p B y l o o q e p e A b .
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'Haxor,fiuluxcs B BoAHoricpeae, nB"rtfltorcfl:
l) pacrnopeHne u BbrHoc H3 6eroHa Srnlrpyrculefi Mflrxori Bol
rfiApara oK]rci{ Ka,.rbllprtrI{ ApyfIIx pacrBopaMbrx coe4aHeHnrl, BxoAflul:
B COCTaB UeMeHTHOfO KaMHfl (XOppoSUA BL,IUe,'IaqHBaUUt);
2 ) n s a n m o 4 e i t c r n u eK o l r f i o H e H r o Br r e M e H r r r o r oK a M H f l , n p e x A e B c e l
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Aep)Karbcfl B BoAe. B pes.v,rrrare 3Toro ssaHt\aoAeficreuao6pasylorcn .-
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C a C 1 2 ,C a ( H C O 3 ) z r a g p . ( x n c , r o r H a f lx o p p o s u n ) ;
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o6lressux peaxqufi ,rrefKopacrBopHI\{bix conerl (cy;tlQaron, x,ropu4on).
raKx{e 6eccrpyxrypHoft uaccu rl'tApara oKHcLIMarHHff. Bo nropou c;rr'...
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JOBJII{BaeTAaBJIeHHe_ Ha cTeHKI] nop u pa3p)/ueHl're qeN{eHTI.lorO Ka$1:'
a c"lenoBaTe.r]bHo. I'l oeToFIa.
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1 boree no4po6uo B o n p o c o n p u q l i H a x K o p p o 3 r i H r r o p T . r r a H . u u e M c HiT{ al p y r u ^ ur,,
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pacrBopoB co,reri.
X u u u u e c r y o K o p p o 3 u r o 6 e r o u o B H e . [ b 3 t tp a c c M a r p i ' I B a r bB H e c B f l s l 4c
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6eroue noA eosAelicrBLIeNI soAHort ttd'II{fasoBoii cpeau 14npx rte6,raronpH-
srsofi Ha.{artHoii crpyKType 6erona. Tarue IIpoueccbl, KaK HacblilleHIle
u o r r a H B a I I I l e ,r l a -
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;,KeHHlo ero n,'IorHocrll a HenpoHatraeMocrll lt 6,raronpufiTcrBylor
Bo3HHKHoBeHr.rro H pa3BHTI4ronpoueccoB xnl,tnqecxoli Kopposnu. OArlun,tHs
nvteri noeHltleHHq xntrrtrqecrofi croiiKocru 6erolia flB"tflercfi noBbrttleHLIe
eto fl,'roTHocTuH oAHopoAHocru. Bntecre c TeM ueo6xo4tzl,tonpoH3BoAIlTb
or6op rreMeHToBu gano,'rHl{Te,reii, ttau6o,'IeecroliKllx B ycJloBllflx AaHHoro
t;r{Aa Kopposuu. Tax, B c"tyqae Bbtule,{aquBarcu{eilafpecct{H c.neAyer npll-
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tI ,ralrAr{eMeHr), e c,ryuae cy,rrSaruotl arpeccul't - cynlQarocroiiKufi riopr-
tf JaHAqeMeHT u cy,rr$arHo-IILTaKoBblfi qemeur.

s 6eroHe
7. Coxpannocrucralnnofi aprvrarypH
C t a r t n H a g a p M a r y p a , 3 a K , ' I l o q e H H aeg 6 e r o H e , K a K n p a B u d ' I o H , e pa3-
p!'uaeTcfl x Mo)KeTcoxpaHflTbcn B xopoueM cocToflllfiH B TeqeHI{eBecbMa
npoAo,'r)Kr4re,qbuoro BpeMeHI4.Coxpauuocrb apMarypbl o6bqcHsercfl Ha,'Iu-
qrreM rrle,'roqilolicpenur B ueMeHTsolr 6eroHe. OAHaro roJIbKo AocraroqHo
n . r o r H u l i 6 b r o H n i l e a o x p a H r r e ra p M a r y p y o r A o c r y r a B o 3 A y x a H B J I a f n .
-ipuarypa B )Ke,'re3o6eroHHbrx KoHcrpyKunlx Ao,'r)r(Ha6urr norpura ga-
urnrHbrM cr'roeM 6eroua, To,'IUrHHaKoropofo o6bt,{Ho H3MeHflercn or l0
(R ToHKocreHllbrxI4 nycrore,'rbtx nr'rurax, uacrn,rax) rc 25 a.u (v 6o,ree
\ r a c c u B H b r xe n e u e u r a x ) . B c n y u a e u e 6 n a r o r p t t q r H o r i o K p y ) K a l o u - l e cr ip e 4 u r
(BbrcoKafl B,'ra>KHocTb, Bpe.[,Hbrera3bl 14 T. II.) TO,'IU{l]}ty3aII-lllTHOf o cJrofl
cJeAyer yBe,'prquBarl. Tpequuu B 3arl{lrrHoN! c,'Ioe orKpbrBaror Aocryn
iio3AVXa v Braru HenocpeACTBeHHo K apMarype, rlro ilpHBoAHr K o6paso-
BaHHror,'reHKH pNiaBr{t4HbI, saHI4Man[ier.i 6o"luuali o6"lelt, .{eN{ cnori Me-
T?,-r;'1Zl AO KOppo3rrU.3rO Bbt3brBaerrroflBJIeHllepacrfllllBaroqnx ycunnu n
: a u r n r r r o M c " r o e 6 e r o s a , 4 a . n l u e i i u e e e r o p a c r p e c K H B a H I 4ne p a 3 p y i l r e H r . r e .
llpu apnnpoBaHr,rH.rrerKr.rxu, oco6eHHo, fli{erlcrbrx 6eroaon, a 'raKx{e
n.Torlrbrx cH"ql,tKarHrrrx 6erouon ueo6xoAnlro HaHocr{Tb3axrl,rrHbtcnoKDbr-
r u f l r r a n o B e p x H o c r oc r a , ' l r , H o l ia p M a r y p b l . f l p o u H u u u 1 4 H e y x y n u a r c u l r r -
.\.urcuer,'reHHeapMarypbr c 6eroHoNr rBJIflrorcfl IIeIIeHTHo-6nryuume, qe-
rreurFro-rIeKoBbre 1{ rreMeHTHo-no,rucr14po,IIbHble gaullarHbrenoKpbruag. Ogn
:lpe1,craB"[flrcrco6or:i cycrreH3]lr, B Koropbtx 4uclepcuoii Sasori cxyxar
' - r a c r H r l brrl e M e H r a ,a
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c r a 6 t r . r u g a r o p b r B B r , r A e n o B e p x F r o c r H o - a K T H B I I b I XB e u { e c r B B K o r ' r H q e c r B e
orioJo I % eeca cvcneri3i{u c ojlHoiipeMeiiHl,Ilvl BBeneHIleM 0,50/6 e.{Koro Harpa
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:, anblJeHHe\1 B 3,leKTpI'lq8CKO[I nO.II€; TO,'lUlHHa 3aUII'iTHOrO nOKpblTnq
1,1.1--0,3,rt.rt.

53
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I . O c n o s n r r e ' r e x u u q e c x u ex a l t a K T e p n c r x K r . t

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urce pac|lpocTpat{cilrrel] rpoi43BoAcree c6opuofo H MoHo,'il.lTr{oro }Ke,[€,:
6 e r o n a . O H n x a p a N r e p i l 3 y r o r c no 6 ' b e x , r u b t B Me c o x {B n p e A e i r a x o r l B 0 0 ,
2500 rcel.us(n eucyucur.roN{cocroflrrul{) B 3aBficHMocru or rr"rlorHocrlr:
noJHLire,'Ierlu 6eroua B ue,'roI,'r.Fian6o,uee rr{iluqnbtM A,'1fl 06brr{Hr,txL
\rerrrribrx 6erouos flB"rflercr oSrerrrirr,riisec 2200-2300 rcef.u3, qro co.
RcrcrByer n,{orHoci'H B rrpe/xeJrax0,85-0,90; Be,iraqaHaBo,t(orrorr'roLL{€H
'raKux 6erorioe xo"tlc6,rrercflor 4
,xo 70/6 no necy.
Crponre,'rlubrMU iropn{ar'rrltl rpaBrrat'ru (CI{ull) ycral{oB,'reublc,-
llytoltlue MapKr.tIro rtpoqlrocfiJ lra c;KaTfie Arr rff)r{e,/ibrxrleilleHTllbrx6c.
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63
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o r H e r ; . C r a r u c r n , r e c x a n o 6 p a 6 o r K a c o B p e N I e H I l b I M l {i l l e r o A a M H 6 o , r l r u o t t
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64
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u c g t t n 6 c r o g a l t u f H o 6 p r l r c l t H o . ' lJ o - { f 3 l l \ j i , l . r l r u E , l r i J l u l i l l ullilu L r L . ! , r i i i , L I , i rI J. r j L r , r : l u llot l r ) .
HO|O 3ano,JrilitTeJlgB efo coLTaBe.

66
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_-rIilc.{FIOCTil
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npHMeHgTb IIeMeHTbr BO3I\IO)KHo6Olee BbIcoI(H;t llapo-l( I'I _c ncilll)Ketllttlti
se.[lrqgHofi HopMa,'Ibrioii. rycrorbl, rle ilpeBbIIUarcu1el'i 26-2701s$'ro o6blq-
H O R l , i c o K o M a p o l t H b l eU C i p r n a t l . l U e l l e l l T b l 6 e S r O H I i o r l o . ' l o r b l x ; f o 6 a n - c x ) . _ l l -
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l.IaTepna,iIOB I'I IIalltlleHbitliIX IIpOIt3BOACTBeIIHbIX3aT'paTaX; Ball(Hb;M rIOKa-
3areJreM fiBrfiercfl TaK)Ke riau60,;Iee 3I{oIioMHblti pacxoA il,erIeHTa.
Cocraa 6elotta Bblpai'r{Jercfl B BrrAe pacxoAa cocraBJi{roiullx Marepfl'
a.,roB no Bec),, ila i ,ri3 6eroua H,rt.r B ilriAe KoJri.iqecrBeHItoro ccorHoiueHl4tl
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B sa4anlifi ne onpeAe,rreur{e cocraBa 6eroHa Ao,I}K}lbI 6urr' yxaeanlt:
a) ilooeKruafi npoqirocrb Serona Ha clKarlle (mapxa.l , a raK)Ke ero
ipoqriocrb K x{rhleH]'y orrlycKa il3Ae,rllitI norpe6rre,rlc (A;rr tl3Ae'rIHi'i,BILI-
r,\'cKacMLrx ts "r1cTHrii nepr.rol, oH.a o6brqFIo paBiia 700/s npcex3uoii);
6) yc.rloiii{r u cpcKu rBep.d,eIitlfi 6croHa B v1"3A?rtrlLl llc o inpaBIiIl aa
cii,raA iorosori rpollyxr{i4ir;
r) xirl-ailr.repi{crltra 6erouiroll cNiecu no yAoSoyK!'IaAbttsaeNIocrl'l (uo'
Ii -lI a f 'J,'lh I rOtrU!1)l( liCrC'ii I, )l(CCThOCTi4 ):
r ) u a i; 6o,rrr LiI3s Aon _vcr{ ae M ar{ Kp ytr Hoc?b g a nor'rrit4Te,tlfl.
iJ 3aAaiIili.t yI{a3bitseloTC.q TaK)Ke AOnO.rIHUTe"ribUbIe A,'Ii{ CfleqUar'lbHLJe
:nc60nag:t:r
- I{ Serol,r}roH cMCcIi ij,Tpt 6eroFIy.
Cccla;: 6eroria onper.e,rrrercrr pa3fiEqHhrM14 Meroraivil4 c HCno,Tib3oB&-
,irie[,i oci]oBritrlx SaajficHlrocTeri, oSuirx A"rrfi BCex Seron'rr. Ko,riHtiec'i'seHuoe
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;arO.-,l.itiAacr Ro3r.,{o)r{rrccrbriJer,Bapnre,[brro paccqitra'tb cocraB 6eroHa ]I
ill"rcli ];Toq:ril f ]r o r"4eiibHbre efo 3rreNlerlTbI Ha fiJio6FIbIX 3ar,{ecax. Taxofi
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,li"'i rfi ilpofioe paCilpoCTpaiieHi.Ie.
u Tex c,T)qat{;{, E0IIa npLIh'leHret\{bie l\,raTepua,'jbi EecbMa }leoAHopoA-
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i J i c e c T y c p e , q i i e i i H L . r : ,F, i a o c F l o B e K O T O p b l l i [ o c T p c e H b i p a c q e T H b , ] eo o p r u r y -
;t ii taS,taiili. a raKx(e ii c,rlyqae 3Har{are"rbFli,ix ornll.{i-{I'ii e rexuo,torun
.ropr,'toaaiiur ri TtsepAeFriir{i43Ae,Ttii.ror oSblLiHo trpHHflTbili cccTaE 6e'roHa
il.l6iioacrcrr lia ociioBe Heilio,rrbxlrx npc6l.rbix 3aNiecoB rIo raK HagbrBae-
.-o riv M e'fo/ly [ocJreAoB are,r br]of o ti ll r{6n r{}I(eHrifi.
Ilpn ,,ito6oirr r,'re'rore uo.l6cpa (!cr.rla 6eiosa uocleAonateJL;ro onpe-
_...I :i toT I,LlIl pi,lccqtlTbtBaKr't:
i ) parr.rtonanrltr,rii srpuoBcir cocraB 3:,inoiiirr,rre"rTeft u iix chiectr{ (npri
' ' i i r r r r r r r r ' i i x n r r r / r(.i C -'^ - -'- ' -- '\
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.)cTIiclilcrliieid N l e r x J , y o T , q . c " r t b i i 6 l r , t r ' r{ p n : < i l i l n M i ' t 33fio.!}{llTe",leH fi.ni,i x'Ie,T(-
--r' 1i!"-i]il1hlt Il KIj)nHbINI 3:1ilO,-IIiHTe.IriiltA 5 [i:iiO],i;
2) ccgepxiarrrle Eo,(br e 1 .rl3 6eroinrofr c$recrr, seo6xoAunrce A,'rff iro-
. qerJlltl 3aAallilblX IlOXa3.?Te.'lCrliiOAB;1,11{fioCTll UJItl;{ieCTIiOCT'l{ClleC}i;
3) llalcxoA Tler,iel{Ta 4auttoi'i ai,:'filtsllocTi,ltttt 1 ,t;3 6erona, or'JecneqnBa-
' 1 ; r 1 131; - l a H r i y l o i l p o r i l t o c r b i i c 3 r ' c T z t i o u . r c t , t ; b ici pr t i i i u p t i / , a l i l l o i i 1 e . x -
: r , f i i t : i l . l t ' c 1 0 B . r c l ; t i: ut 3 i l e . t t r i l :
{ ) i - , a c r o / i K D V u r i c r o r r x ! e . ' i k . o r c3 a r i c J r r - i 4 T S . r h
q . ' , ' nt r : l $ p a x u r i i i u a 7 u g
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f]pir r.:;t6ope coc'r'aBa, Iial! rpaBuiro, r.icflo,rib3yiorcx 3artoJHu,re,Tpi B
1,13-'1'gruo-C\r.\ohrcocroflFrIIr{, E pe3-_v":151uta qero roA6npaercfl TaK Ha3brBa-
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i r o r i i l r a . , i u r i i , r i i c o c r a B 6 e r o i i a . i { a n p o n s e o I C T B e i l o t r r . t H a . a b H u i ic o -
b rlepecrllr'firtB33'r'c51Ha pa6oqrirl B 3aBr{cilMocTIl oT BJla,'.{(HoCTr.r 3ano,l1-
.
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- ,.i.ito elr0opy paqrroi.ta,-iirlroic 3epFroBofo cocraBa 3ano,,rriuTe.ryefiu on-
71
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6ontruoe Kor'rfiqecrBo Me,'tKHX3epett, tITo npHBo-
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n p u - n o c T o q H H o Mc o A e p x a H u l - t 200 0,36 0 ,3 4 N L 0,37
Bollbr Anq Kax{Aoro HoMll- 250 0,34 o,32 0,38 0,36
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t*cocraB I :I ( q e * r e H rc: M e c b 350 0.3 o 9 q 0,35 0,33
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ns1enuia npal{eHflTr, pexr.rn{ on6poo6pa6otxn, o6ecneqlraarou{uii uan6o,ree
errcoxlui xcsqbqtrlruraeHT yn,TorFreulrR 6eronirofr clreclr.-- He lieHee 0,98-0.91.
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orMerr4rb, qro repexo/{ K 6eroHa\4 i'tapoK 900-1000 a 6o.nee sarpyAHuri-
, ' r e Hr 4 3 - 3 ao r c T a B a H x f lp o c r a n p o q u o c r u 6 e r o s a H a p a c T f l x e H r { eI I o M e p e p c -
cra ero ilpoqHocT;rFrac;'i{arre: B arr.rxcryrlaffx rpe6yercn trpI4]\,IeHflrb lvlep:[
/I.[g noBbtir]eHnr conporrrEJreHliq6eroga pacrfrr4BarotrlHM ]ia!rpfl)Keiriirr.{
{ r r o s l r e B H A b rI i e M e H r o B ., { t { c i l e p c l t o ea p M l . { p o B a H HOee r o u a ) .
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(caolir,r,o6o"ro.rti1,i, K) rlc,'Ihlrbreu ci(narqarble KoHcrpvKrlr.{fi)c ro;rullrirofi crt-l
Froi(Ao 20-30 .l,i.trt4 Lpyrux ror-ri{ocrerrrrbix r43Ae"[iriiece 6o,rluree pac[p. -l
c r i l a H e t r l l er p n o 6 p e r a e r n p o u n l r i l t t n , r o r u r , t i lli" { e J K o 3 e p H U c r r 6 . rer ir o u c u a ; , - !
6crrueii r{p}-nr{ocrbrc3anc.'ItlireJs. He npeBbrruarouleiii0 -ua. a npaxruce*{
c x r 5 - 7 v r t i a ) K e3 . t t , u \ g n n a p i l l o u e M e u r r t b tK x o s c r p y * K [ H f i ) .T a x n e 6 e r o i : {
n o . ' r x H b Iy a o B J e r B o p n r n l p e 6 c e a n u r i \ r , n p e A ' b f f B . ' i r c M b tKMA o c r a r o u n o r o . ; - l
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-V.u,e,tbHotr noBepxHocrbro3aIro,{HHTeJIf,a LIHorAa l{ flotsbr[ieHuum,o6texc.ri
Nlex{3eptloRori nvcroruocrrr i.i no3ToMVIiv>KAa}orcflB vBe,irHqeHnoM co4epxa-1
HHHue\reHtHofo recTa B c\{ecn Iro cpaBFIeFIltto c o6br,rnbrr{Kpvlrro3epHlrcruu r
6erosorr. Blrecre c reM rre.lKo3epIIHcrlte 6eroHbr xapaKTepr.{:Jyrorcr6o.ret
oAiiopoAHbrM c T p o e H u e M1 4p a B H o N I e p H b rpM a c l ] p e A e " ' r e H f i e3N ep r eH3aI]o,'rHHri-
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80
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cocraBy cMecrrro ..xpynHoroi, i,1 Med.'lKoro
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ilserCfl apMoqeMeHr.3ro 6eron Ha lle.rtKoM3ailo.qHrrreJrb, aprtarlponasuurino
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c r x a r u c , H o f i n a p a c r f f ) h e H H eA. p l r o l t e u e l { T l . l c r o , T r , 3 y e r cB
f l B e c b r \ r ar o H K o -
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rapf )xecrKocru ceqeHilfl 3,Ten,reHron o6na4aer ebtcoi<ofiltecvueti cnocoS-
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IibIX A'taTepl4a,'IoR, a TaK)KeI]JIOTHOMy CTpoeHIrIO Seroua. I-Ipu ucnonl3oBatit{i4
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I{e_/'il{o3epHrdc:roro 6erot{a cocraB,rrflernpuMepuo 650-750 rca (cocras l:2-
1;?,.9), a BoAbr-;il_pur. eplo 280-320 rr Littt cMecr{ c ocaAxor? nouyca 2 c,n
iBlQ nopntra 0,35-0,45). fiornrueHHafl no4onorpe6Hocrb cMecn o6yc,ron-
JreHa_MaJrbrM.paSMepoM 3epeH3arroJrHnrenefin 6ontrurau pacxoAoMrreMeijra.
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Ho r'l no rexHl4qecKant coo6pa>reHuflM,TaK KaK 3To Moxer Bbt3BarbItoBbtrLIeH-
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Balli{e 3epFIoBorococraBa Gat.ro,.irrrHTeJrrI Aocrufaercfi rrpi{MeHeutaenr (tnaxillz-
p s q e r b r p e xS p a x q t r f t ( 2 , 5 - 1 , 2 5 ; 1 , 2 5 - 0 , 6 3 ;
o H r . r p o B a r { r l orreoc r a , H a n p r . r M eE
0,63-0,315 u 0,3i5-.-0. 14 .,tt,v,),B Koropoll srn Spaxuau cor{eraiorcfi raKr.rr"vr
o6pasorlr,qro6r,l 6u,la c6ecneqeHaMHHr.rMaJrbHafl Mex3epHoBarrnycroruocrh
fi nO BO3MOX{HOCTK MI4HI'lx{a'llbHaf }Ae;'IbH?fl nOBepXHOCTb 3a:io,lllrire,rr. fi,lx
aroti qenu Me,'IKIteu cpeAllue np14po,r{Hbre necKr.rua4o o6orauarb KpyniibtA.l
IIp14po,a,HbrM vlrrrt r.rcKyccrBeHHbrh{rrecKoM. I,lcnorlgonaune riex- H
ueruperQpaKUHoHIIoro recKa no3BoJrrer cyulecrBeHHo clrur3r.rrbpacxoq
[eNieHTa no cpaBrreHaroc 6err;uax{r] Ha cpeAHegepHr4crbrx,a ier,r 6o,,lee
Ha MeJrI(HXnprrpoArrblx rrecl(ax, H yr'ryquriTb cnolicrea apj\,IoueMeHTe
(VMeI{blxI4Tb ycaAKy, rfJ'Iacrr4qecKrieAe$opuaUuu, floabtcltrh MoAV,'1r,
![1py|sglt I{ Tpeull4Hocror.ixocrr,) . Bblcoxaq IIJIorHocrbapMouetieFrraJlocruf a-
ercfl Trrlare,ilbl{brM yAa,'reHL{eNI Bo3Ayxa Hg pacrBopuofi cllecr.t npH ee yrr,rror-
lIeHI4a.ll.nq apMorrct{erirublxKoucrpyKrlr{fr lrcnontsynrcrr Br,rcoKol\,rapoqrrble
ueMeHTbr,.)KeJrare,.rbHo rqlra 6TI{, u: r{HcrbIXK,liaHKepoB H,'ilic MI{I{Hua,rynlron
,u,c6 a sxoti TcHKoN{c.{orblxMHHeparbubrx KoMIIoHeHToB,

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;reri euylps 3AaHllfi (.rccrnlt.urlie I,raputI, nJrcuaAKrr,cryneHli, [o,r{oKout{r.rKr{,
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,{f lou{tlx H Mexan?rqecxolio6pa6crKi,rnoBepxnocrn 6eroHy npHAaerctrra vlrn4
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Typilrrrlr.
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82
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runn$oar<rr H ,qouleHlrrrnoeepxuocrHofo c,'Iofl o6naxaercs Mo3aHKaH3 Ka-
t , t e l r l r o frtr p o r n K u i
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6),lpitclofi rlll{ ruepoxoraroii loBepxnocrorc. Tarofi AeKoparl'IBtiltfi 6erou
rrrrofAa np!ilrrrTo rra3brBaTbr{BeTHr,rM pacTBopoM,TaK KaI<ocllotsl'lblM3arlo,n-
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.,lan{blxcJivrlafl-\NIe,{xoilKa[,leHIIOilXpOUrNOri pa3M€pOMOT 2IO 5 ru,4t.
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r.t r{Crupatrr.tro.Kpohle rofo, SaKrypur,rfi c,rofi AOJIxeFI 6lirl ilocraToqllo flpoli-
trbn{, rrro6br rrllll t{exaHr.rr{ecKof{o6pa6orxe (traceur<a, o6AHpKa H np.) JII4ue'
Bor:i noBep-xtiocri4 Ite 6urro tOnpeN{Aeiil,lu. flpouuOCtl AeKoparuRHoro 6eroHa
Ll6briiso coo'filei'crgve"f \{apKe 150-200. /{exoparunHttti 6erott AoJI-{{eH BbI-
--
r x e p ; ] { H B a T b\ , 1 l r o f o x p a T H o en o n e p e x l e l l H o e 3 a M o p a ) r i l t B a H u e H o T T a H B a l l ? I e
iic NreHee25-50 q?lll,IoB-_B SaBL{CHMOCTIJ OT K"I(MarfiqeCI{OfO ilOsca; B TO
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Cy, 'raK I(at{ Ii3JtH[iHflt{ IIJIOTFIOCTb C,']Ofl AeKOpaTIIBHOTO6erOHa llexie,Da-
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iic- - iclltifl I(p)'rHblrlr 3airor'rrilire"rrel\{ (p o6i,rqHo r,rc irp€BbrIilaer 0,45--0.5
oc" ,atia 6eroga, rOcKc,'IbK'v Heo6:;o4t.ilvicttiMeTb Aoc.i.aTogHoe KO/.'UIqecTIlo
) tlj'i ---:BOila I,r-q SaIIoJllleHilt{ \,ieiiisepllosofo IIpoCTpattCTBa B KpynHL]\.r sarrO,T-
: . . c J e i l p r i n e x o r o p o f i p a s J I B i r x \ r i ee r o 3 e p e H .
t { r o 6 u c l - r H 3 x r b B e J ' r r z i r } . t H\ lyl i i t r r i \ t a . n b n o H e o 6 x o A , H M o r o
ila o6be}rHoro co-
J] L,i" ,-- ,iiaHI'rq pacrBopa B 6erolre r.riorHofo cT'poeHfirr, cJreAyer:
il liLI \';'1V9i,rraT'b SepHODOii COCTaB rOprrCl'ofo 3aDOJiHrrTeJIflrrvTenr TruaTeJIb-
:atT . ; n o 4 6 c r p a c o o r r { o r u e l i r . i f fo r . n e r b H b r x r } p a x q l r f i K p y n r { o f o I r M e J r K O f o3 a -
C;c' - trrrire.neri, \ l\i€Itf,Il]nfl TZrliLrr\{ o(tpasont oe"rrev xle)r{3epHoBblx Il_vcror }i
iratr( ;.1bi I \ Hl IIOBep-\llOc'rb 3ClpeIl3 anO.IIHI'lTer'l g;

95
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6 e r O s H o l i C M e c r { n p H y t i . r t a A K e B S O p N { t , t ,c n o c o a ) c l ' B y n H a n 6 o , ' l e e L I I o r H o " ' -
pa3MeXIeHr.trOKpynHOro nOpIiCTOfO iJanOJIHIlTe,'IqB 6eTOHe I{ yN'leHbitleH]:-
c o o r B e r c r B e H H o o 6 b e M a p a c r B o p H o f { c o c r a B J r f l x l u l e i i , n 0 3 B o , ' I t t e To l I H o B P a -
MeHHOCH[l3tlTb O6'beMHbrr:r BeC JIerKIix 6eroHoe.
na,rsuefiuee cHHx{eHLIe o6'beNIHoro Beca 6elona, ecJIIr 3To r,onycKa::
Tpe6veMaf ltpoqHccrb, .u,ocruraercfl 3a cqer cl]]l>KellHfl o6'],eMlloro B('a:
pacreopHorl cocTaBJrflrouei nyrem:
npt4MeHeHI,tR6onee JrerKoro liopncroto Me.IIKoro 3aI]o,THI4Te!'tfl,oco6e-ji-
H O n p i . r 3 a M e H e H M T f l ) K e r ' l o r on p H p o A H o l o r e c K a ;
n e p e x o A a H a [ e ] v l e H T b lc 6 o r e e B b l c o K o l l n p o q H o c T b ] o I l p n c o o T B e T C : -
ByIOUIeM CFilTXeHLIH nx pacxo.{a e 6eroHe;
r{cKyccrBeHHoil IIopl{3al],HH pacrnopuoti cocraBJIrloxleft (crur. HI'1iL'er
Pery.nnpoaanrle .rlpor{Hocrr JrerKnx 6eroHoe. flo,ryueunafl npu MaKCtr-
MaJrbHoM Hacbru{eHI.ilt KpyIIHbtM SaIIoJIHttreJIeM ilpoqHocrb 6eroHa floAt];:
oKa3brBaercrr Hr4x\e 'rpe6yeuoll, oco6eHHo KofAa perrb HAeT o KoHcTpyKI{lio:;-
Ho-Ten,ToI,r3oJrqquoHHr,rx 6etortax rtoBbtllleHHblx xtapox, a reM 6o"ryeeo Iio:-
cTpyKql4oHHr,rx. B gTHX cJIyqaRX aJIfl noBbllueHHfl npor{HocrH 6erosa (,e3 c',-
uIecTBeHHoro yBer.rfiqeHufl efo o6'beMHoro Beca Fleo6xoAllMo npu6era t'l i:
c.neAyrourjM MepaNI:
HCIIOJIb3OBaTbnOpUCTbIft ganOnHltre.nl 6o.nee BblcoKofi nporIHocTH fIF,t
Bo3Mo)KHo MaJroh{ o6reugorvr Bece !r c 6onee BbIcoKHMt{ aAfe3uoHubtr\rn cBo;:-
CTBAMI'INO OTHOUCHI4IO K PACTBOPY;
rrpr.IMeHrrTb pacTBop, |IporiHocrb KoTopofo 3HaqI{Ter'lbHo npeBbllxae:
npOqHOcTb nopflcroro 3aIIOJIHLITeJI9,coxpa]Iflfl BO3MO]KHO66,r1[ryro o6r,er:'
Hyro KoHueHTpar{HroKpynuofo 3aIIo,tHHreJIR e 6eroHe.
B rex xe cJlyqarx, KorAa peqb HAer o KoHcrpyK(IroHHon'I ,refKoM 6ero-
He noBbrrrreHHbrx Mapox (200-300 rcecfca2 u 6onee), rAe onpeAerflroulu\1
fiBrfleTcf npor{Hocrb MaTepHa"rra,a o6'beNlHblfi Bec elo rro Bo3Mo)KHocTI,tAo.'l-
xeH 6rirl B [peAerax 1500-1800 Kefil.3, HapflAy c noBbrueHr.reM npoqHocr;.
paCTBOpa n npOr{HOcTH 3al]OJIHtlTe,r'lfl npXXO!,HTCfl yBeJIIlqI'IBaTb OO'bel\'lHoc
coAepxasue pacrBopHori cocraBJiflr,ouerl r{ coorBercrBeHHo yMeHb[rarb Ha-
cbruleHl{e 6erosa MeHee rrporrHbrM lopncrbrM 3anoJrHfiTeJreM; rrpa 3ToM Be-
JII{q?IHag Moxer cHu}Karbcn n easllcnnocrrl or MapKH lerxofo 6eroga Ao
0,2-0,25. He cr're4yer ea6unarl, oAHaKo, qro Bo3MolKHocrrl pefy,rttpoBallHq
npoqHocrn r.r o6reruuoro Beca JlerKoro 6etosa orpaHl4qeHbl coorBercrByto-
rrlnMrl xapaKTepr4cruKatv rrpnMeHaer\,Ioro KpynHoro 3anoJIHI4TeJIflB 6erorte.
flpovHocrr JrefKoro 6etosa o6ycnoaneua npoqnocrbro nopucloro 3a-
RoJrHHTeJrfl,HesaBficaMoor npoqHocrrl pacrBopa e 6eroHe. CosAaercq csoe-
o6paenar saBHcHMocrb MexAy nporlHocrblo JlerKoro 6eroHa Ha nopncrbt-\
3anoJrHlrTeJrfx n npor{Hocrbro efo pacrBopuofi cocraensloueli. cyulec:rnyr,o-
rlaff AJrs rrlKeJrbrx 6erogoe Ha nflorHblx H npoqHbtx 3aloJtHLIreJInx S1'ux-
quoHaJrbHas SaBHclrMocrl .nnueilHoro xapaKTepa Ailfl JrerKr.rx 6eroHoe Aeii-
cTByeT JrtIIIrb AO HeKOTOpOTOnpeAeJIa, TeM ooJIblIIefO, r{eM Bbrue [pOqHOCTb
nopHcroro 3anoJrHHTeJrg;3a 9Tr4M npeAeJIoM Aa.nlsefturee noBbrrueHr4enpoq-
Hocrr pacrBopa e 6eroHe 6ecno,reguo, TaK KaK efo npoqHocrb JI?IMr{TLIpyer-
cs 6oaee cra6ur'r nopncruM 3anorul4reJleu (pnc. 20). flprzeeAeHnafl 3aBH-
cnMocrb Ro:f (Ro) ans rerKHX 6erouon noJlyqeHa npr.r Heu3Mesuorl xou-
IIeHTpaTII{H KpynHoro IIopI4cToro 3ano"'IHIITeJIa n 6eroue; c yBerEr{eHne]r
cOAepXaHHfl nopHCTO|O 3anonHnTer'If, KaK HaHMeHee npOqHOro KoMnOHeHTa
6eroRa, npoqnocrb ero cHlrxaercl, xapaKrep )'Ke 3aBI{cLIMocr" 4u :f (Rot
ocraercf, [pexnr.rM. Ha pzc. 2l npxne4eHbr KpHBbre 3aBl.rclrMocru fipor{Hoc-
rH Kepalffiriro6eroua or npoqHocrn pacrBopa npu pa3Hou npo'lnocrr.r Kepalr-
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cocraBJrflrorqeft ns paso6pauuux BIrtIIie He Aaer Bo3NIoli{HocrH npn AafHoxr

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t). ::.i:o uil 10, 12, l4 u l60/6
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n p u M e H n e N r o floe c r { a n n p .
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npu o6teuuou illacHnHoM aece rpaBtrt B Ka/ff''

90-100 175-190 t65-180 155-170 2t0-225 200-215 t90-205

60-80 185-.200 175-190 165-180 225-240 215-235 205-225
30-50 195-210 185-200 175-190 250-270 240-260 23f-250
15-25 205*220 195-210 185-200 275-300 265-290 255-280
215-230 2f.5-220 195-2r0 300-325 290-315 270-305
225-240 215-230 205-220 325-350 315-340 295-330
235-250 225-240 2t5-230 350-375 340-360 330-350

11 p lr u eq a H n rr: 1. Aangure paccqr.rraHbl npu ycnoBxt-t ttpriMeneHr4ff KepaM3uroBofo

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500 0,77 0,7 0,58 0,5

600 0,83 0,77 0,68 0,58
700 0,85 0,8 o,72 0,6
800 0,88 0,83 o,75 0,67

500 0,71 0,59 0,57

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:, 6eroHa H rleMeHra. flpr.rueplr Pnc. 24. 3asr'rcr.rMoctlnooqHoctrr KeDaM-
ta grrro6erosa np14 cxarr.rH or npouHbcra
: '.,:\ HoMOf paMM llpIIBeAeHbt Ha Kepar\r3r.ira,ero o6reuuor? KoHrleHTparluu
: l-1. B ocraJrbHoMnoA6op cocra- u pacxoAa r{eMerrTa
)H . ;--,etoganpoi43BoAI{Tcf aHa,'Iorilq- a - F 6:400;R[:500; 6 - R6:200;Rr.*+00
r i t r c S H H o M !B b t I I I e .
eH-
3A- 6) IlopusoeaHHbre rteeKue 6erornL
BbI I-lopueonauHbre,'rerKue6erosar rrpeAcraB,'rffrorco6ofi pa3HoBLIAHocrb
btx ': ..ir-\
oerorroe Ha nopHCTbIXBano,'iHHTeJrfx, orr'rHqatonfixcfl ncKyccTBeFI-
Jo3.taBaeMorlnopHcrocrbrc pacrBopnor:i cocraB,'rflrorqeil.fiononunre"'rr-
\,te- :: nopil3aur,rfi,'lefKofo 6erona I]03Bo,'rseTyMeHbIxI{Tbo6tevrHi,rrl Bec nptr
oH- .aHeHIII4 C,THTHOCTI{ CTpOeHflfl IL'II4 )Ke npHMeHr,lTb 6O"ree Tfl)Ke,lblir rO.
r{n-
.-bri-i 3anor'rlrureJ'rb, He yBe,'ru.utBafl, nptl aroM o6'lerusoro Beca 6eroHa.
{ae i .r',are c re[,r rtoph3ar{}ifl pacrBopHori cocraB,'rflFotqeil
Aaer Bo3Mo)KHocrb
03-
- - r . r b 3 o B a r b B , r r e f K i l x6 e r o H a x B M e c r o 6 o n e e A o p o f o r o r . r A e S r r u n r H o r o
- ,:crol'o o6srqnrtft nplrpo4Huri necoK, HC lB€r'rHeHBaflrrplr oroM o6'beMHblfi
il]X -.rL.riioto 6eroua.
bllt
flopu:onaHHble ,rerr(Ire 6eroult BbrroAHoor,Tr{qarorctror o6blrlHbrxilo-
rrh-
"t' , - . " ' c l r H o f i c B s 3 H o c r b r ox, o p o u e i r y A o 6 o y K r a A b r B a e M o c T bxr o H e p a c c ! ' r a H B a -
lla - - aibto.
no- B :anucrlr'rocrH or cnoco6a ilopx3arIEtr ,'refKo6eronHofr cMecH pas-
CII-
.t n r :
ry- 6trouu, pacrBopHar cocraB"'irrloular Korophtx nopr.rgoBaHa. npr.i noMo-
- 3O3AyXOBOB,TeKaTOIIlXX AO6aBOK.E,raro4apn Ha,'1I.{qArO BOB,rreqeHH0fO
ufr- : - - \ ' \ a T a K H e6 e T o H b rx a p a r i T e p n 3 y r o T c fM i e H b [ I H M c o A e p ) K a H f l e Mn e c K a
oe- . - : .i o f r c c r { 3 H b tneo p H 3 0 B a H H b;t'€t e f K H e6 e r o H b l );
oq- rjerour't 6ecnecqaHrie,B Koropbrx ilopu3aulifl IleMeHTHoforecra ocyue-
,1ti- -,1.r1ercfl npI,I lloMoll-il,IileH()- tt'ru] ra3o06pa3oBaTe.rreii(uanpznaep,
6ec-
3U- : - . J l r l , r i rr i e p a M 3 H T o n e H o 6 e T oKH e ,p a M 3 r . r r o r a 3 o 6 e r o H ) .
JHA DecnecllaHbte,,rerKr're qeNIeHTHbIl\{
6eroilr,l c nopi.t3oBaHHbIM KaMHeM3a-
103
HHMaIor xaK 6bI npoMexyroqHoe no"Ioxenue MexAy flqencrblMfi 6eroHaMl'l
u JIerKr.r\'IH 6erouauz Ha nopHCTblx3aIIoJIHl'lre"rtlx.
B x a q e c r e e B o 3 A y x o B o B n e K a n u l n xA o 6 a n o x n p u M e H t l l o r c f lr a K H a S b I -
n a e M b r el n r K p o n e H o o 6 p a s o a a r e , l u K; H H M o r H o c f l r c r , r I a i l p l ' I M e pa, 6 N e r a r
] l a r p r r f l- C H B ( c n t o " r a H e f i r p a , r u s o B a H H a B
flo3AyxoBoB,reNaroqaao ) ,M b l -
"reuuuri lpenecuufi nex (n,racrnQuxarop I{Hl4ilC-l), nro4nltlte B Kor'lH-
r { e c r B eo r 1 0 0 . q o 4 0 0 e f . u B 6 e r o n a , a r a K ) K e p a 3 I H q H b I en e u o o 6 p a e O B a T e I H
(cm. rr. 9). Heo6xoAuvstfi o6.beM BosAyxoBoB"rieqeHHfl ycraHaBJII4BarcT'
H C X O A fHl 3 3 a A a H H O f O O6beMHOfO B e C a n o p H 3 o B a H H o f o6 e T o H a I { x a p a K T e -
pr.rCTHr{ coC'raBJrflIoUIIaX MaTeptza,roe.Ha o6lerit Bo3AyxoBoB,'IeI{eHI{g noMI4-
Mo rHna MLIKponeHoo6pasonare,lsn ero Ao3l'rpoBKI'I B,rlI'lfferraK)Ke cocraB
.lefr(ofo 6erona. llopgsaq1s pacreopHoft cocTaB"Ifllolqefirelt 6o.noure,qert
M e H b u r eu e M e H r a B u e M e H T H o - n e c q a t { opMa c r B o p e , r . e . n o p u 3 a l { u f l 6 o , ' I e e
e$sexrueria e 6erouax c pacxoAoM IIeMeHra 200-250 rcefu3 u MaJIooQ-
Qexrirnua npu pacxoAe l{eMel{ra 400 rcef'tt? u 6o.lee.
D,ns xaxaorl cMecfi ecrb cBoe oIIrI4MarbHoe 3HaqeHHeB/Q, npu xo'
TopoNro6a,eM Bo3AyxoBoB.reqeHLtg 6y4er HaH60,rL'tilutu. r{elt Me,'lbr{eI{ Ttl-
)Ke,reenecoK, reil{ }reribl1e o6'beM BoBJIeqeHHoroBo3Ayxa. IIpu 6onluotlt
co4,eplKaHHH nbr,{eBr{Anrtx$paxuHii nos,u,yxoeoB"{eqeHl'{e BecbMa 3arpyAHe-
Ho. C yne,rHqer.r14eM coAepx(aHhfl KepaNI3I{roBorofpaBHfl. HIlt4 HHoro Kpytl-
I{oro rropr{crofo 3aro,'rHHTe.IIfl s 6erouHot} cMecH (ao onpe,qe,'iellHbIx npe-
4enoe) o6'leu BoB,reqeHHoroB ctllecb' Bo3Ayxa npn HeH3MeHHoMpacxoAe
Bo3AyxoBoB.rerarcurert ,u.o6aexnn nocroflHHow B/lJ Mo)Ker Bo3pacrarb B
H e c x o , ' r b Kpoa s ( s n n o r l l o l 0 p a s ) . B r a H H o M c r y q a e 3 e p H a K p y [ H o r o 3 a -
nc,rrHHTeJrfl cnoco6crnyror AoIIoJIl{ure,'IbHoMy ns6t4eaHnrcneuu. flopu3aul'{fl
pacrnopuorl cocraB.rrrlrcu{efi ycn"runaerctl c noBbI[IeHLIeMcoAepx(anur MeJI-
KIiX I{ JIefKItX seDetl KpVnHO|O 3aIIO,'lHlllTer'ifl'
llpuroron.neune nerNo6erouHoft cMecl{ c Bo3AyxoBoB,'teKatoqt{MH Ao-
6aexa[4r.r npolr3BoAHTcflB o6btqHblx 6erosocntecl4reJlnx;rpe6yercn luutu
npeABapr4Te,rrbgo saroToBurb BoAHbIlipacrnop neuoo6pasoBare,'tfiAonxuoit
Koucr4creHlrux,C yeeauqeHneMAJIure"IbHocrI'tnepeMe[]nBalnr'trr cMecl4o6'b-
eM BeB,[eqeHHoroBosAyxa Bospacraer. Perynnpyfi ero o6T,eMnyreM coor-
RercrByloulero no46opa cocraBa JrefKofo 6erotia, Mo)Ktto peryJ'II'tpoBarb
o o3Ayxanpn o6ltuuo npt{Me-
o 6 r , e u u u r i s e c 6 e r o H a . O 6 ' o e n rs b e , ' I e q e n H o r B
r{fleMbIXcocraBax 6erosa I,t MHKponeuoo6pasonare;lrx Mo)KeT Aocrttfarb
120/oo6urero o6reua 6eroHa. OAuaxo c KaxAbIlI nporreHroM o6terrla eo-
B,'rerreHlroroBo3Ayxa ilpoqHocrb 6erosa cHHxaercfl npHMepHo ua 4-5010.
Tax, npu o6reve Bo3AyxoBoBreqeHl.lfl 120/snpouHocrb "IlerKofo 6eroua csu-
xaeriq sa 40-45010 no cpaBHetlHtoc npoqHocrtlo 6eroua raKoro x(e co-
craBa, Ho 6es Bo3AyxoBoB!'IeI{eHufl. llopltsaunn c Bo3AyxoBoBrerreHI4eM B
n p e A e , r a x8 - - 1 0 % o 6 n e u a 6 e r o u a l o 3 B o , ' t f l e r n o , ' t y q a ' i b x e p a n a s n r o 6 e r o H
o6renariuu BecoM 900-1200 rcef.nLsua cpaBHllre,,'tbHo T'fl)Ke,IoxIKepaM3Hro-
BOM rpaBI{n H,lll{ TsXe,'lOM Me.nKOM3aIIO,'II{HTeiIe, HafipuMep IIpHpOAHOM
IICCKC.
lloa6op cocraBa rropu3oBaHHoroKepar\t3taro6erouaocyu{ecrBJlrercs no
TaKoMy x(e npHHI{IInyK , aK H ,lerKoro 6eroua n,'torHofo crpoeuua, c rofi
d'tHIxbpa3HLrqeri,r{To IIpn pacqere pacxoAa cocraBJfl]out{x }rarepr{aJroBHa
npo6uuie 3atvtecbrro ltero.ny a6co"'IlorHblxo6leltog vrlHTblBaercs-o6leu
B o B l e r r e H r r o r oB o 3 . u , y x aC. rraqara Ha3Harraercfn l p e A B a p t t r e " , t r r r b rpi ra c . \ o A
r - ( e M e H T a( r p n a a p H a H t a ) , 3 a r e l t - o 6 r e n a u o e c o A e p r ( a H I { eK p y n H o r o 3 a -
no,'rH[Te.rrfl s | .tur3 6eronsoft cil{ecfl; o6beMHaf KoHueHrpat{HtrKpynHoro 3a-
ro.rrlrllTe,'rfl Aor'rlKHa6url no Bo3Mo)KHocrn6o,ree BbtcoKatr(o6uvuo 0,95-
1 , 0 5 u 3 f n s 6 e r o u a ) . P a c x o A r e c t { a o r p e A e , r l f l e r c tut o 3 a A a H H o l r yo 6 r ' e u H o -
M y B e c y 6 e r o s a , a p a c x o A n o A H e u 6 n p a e r c t t n o r a 6 " r n u e B 3 a B u c u M o c r ror r
saAaHuoil nonBrl)KHocru 6etoHttofi cueclt. Heo6xoAltuuri o6reu BosAyxo-
B0B.rrer{eFrHfl paccqllTbrBaeTcgIto MeToAy a6.conrcrHltx o6rer.ros no $oplry.ne

r04
 (L + !- + 4 +r )-lr;,
Y": +' " 1irooo
l'n ?r /)
\?'r
--: ,i - o6'LeMHr'rii nec sepeu nopficroro necl(aB uesleHT'
:- l..nerlnurii Bec ueMeHra;Tn
::cre; YK-o6teusutfi Bec 3epeHKepaNl3llroaofo rpaBlit B IrelteHTHoll pacrnope (no
:- r,,xc |OCT 9758-61); 4, II, K n B -pacxoi,st Mareptra'loB s xzf tt3'

3itaq Heo6xontltltuii o6leu BoB!'Ieqel"lHOfo BO3Ayxa ua Ln3 CMecl4 H rI{ll

-1.'.\oBoB;rexaruuteii Ta6,'iHqaNl HaxoAllN{ pac-
I j AO6aaxu, no HMeroillt{Nlcfl
- H3
:o6aBKH, xoroplrri 6epercr raKxie B rpex.BapHaHrax n.ltl Kaxaoto
-':': p a c x o A o B I I e N l e H T U
a a n p o 6 u u e 3 a M e c b l ' S a r e N { n o pa.c,-
Ha3HaqaeMblx
. , : : : a i { t { b t } { C O C T a B a NT{O T O B q Tn p O 6 H U e 3 a M e C b IU n u 6 n p a r c T O I I T U M a J ' l b H b I I l '
6ecnecqaHtre !'reftiHe 6eroglt c ilopI{3oBaH}lbIIlI ueNlellr}lblM I(aMHeN{
. : i T f o T o B l , l T b c f l H a o c H o B e u e M e H T H O T OH J I I { I ' I 3 B e c T K o B o - I I e c q a H o r oB s -
- '. lefo c npHMeHeHHeM aBTOKJIaBHOTO TBepAeHI',lqI'Ir'II{nponapHBaHI'ltl npH
. : r ' l c c Q e p H o M A a B J I e H H I z I' ( n n N y u r e i u y , o c o 6 e H H o i l p l l a B T o K J a B H o M T B e p -
:::li;1. peKoMeHAyercg Ao6asnnrt, tonrorulod'IoTble u,'lu nbI"'IeBI'iAHbIeAOOaB-
':.
oS.ra,laroilIHe rHApaerI'rqecxoii aKrHBHocrblo.
Co.e,epXanue nopltSOnaHHolo IleMeHTHorO TeCTa B ,xy6olrerpe 6erOsa
- : ^epaM3I4TOBOMrpaBI'rH COCTaB,'tfleTnpfiMepHo 0,45 tts, a Ha I{epaNI3I4TO-
..,rr ute6se - 0,55 i43.
'1,'rn no'ryueHun JlerKoro 6erosa c ''opll3oBaHHbIM IreMeHrtlbIM I(aMHeM
: :peJ,BapHTeJIbHOBcneHeHlIOe qeMeHTHOe recro flqeHcrofi crpyxrypbl BBo-
::: cooTBeTcTByloulee KO,rIi4qecTBoI{pynHoro nopHcToro 3aIIo"lHl{Te"Ifl E
: i: -i3b nepeMe[Ii{BaIOT AO IlOJIyqeHHfIOAHOpOAFIOH CMeCI4'
flpOuuOCrS J'teIKI4X 6erOHOe C nOp143OBaHHbIMIIeMeHTHbIM I{aMHex{
,le.l.e,]aeTcfl npoqHocTblo UeNIeIITIIOIOKaMHfl H npoqHocTbn efo cuenr'le-
-:rq c 3aIIOJIHLITe,'IeM. [euegruoe TecTo ffrteI4CTOrOCTpOeHI',lfiI1plIAaeT ,rler-
. :SeroHsOt? CMSCH noBbIIIIeHHylO yAO6Oyl(JIaAbIBaeMOCTb'xopolllyrc il,1ac-
:!:;ilOCTb Il HePaCCJIai'lBaeMOCTb.

f , r a s a8

B E C U E M E H T H b I6EE T O H b lH A n f l o r H b l x 3 A n o f l H H T E . T I f l X

l. Cs.rnratnble 6eroHbl

a) OcnoauaLec*oicrsa u )capaKrepucruKu

C u " r H x a r H l t e6 e r o n b l - 3 r O o 6 l U H p H a f ir p y n n a 6 e C q e u e n r n b t x6 e t O F t o s
:3TOK.'iaBHOIO TBepAeHllfl,IIO,rlyqaeN{bIx Ha ocHoBe uSBecTKqBo-KpeMHe3eMI'I'
::bi\ Bfxyr{HX H pa3,'rfiqHblx MHHepa,lbHblx 3aIIOJIHI'lTeneti; ocuonHblM IIe-
\t€;irnpylou{t4MBeulecrBoMTaKLrx6eroHog ttBr'lfrorcfl fl'IApoci4Jlil{arblKa,'lb'
'
:1c Da3HOii OCHOBHOCTI'I.
flpeuuyuecTBeHHOe pacIIpocTpaHeHHe r.rMeIor MeJIKO3epHucTble cl'{r'lIi-
.::aTHbre6erOHSt C 3alO,'IHHTe.IrrMI{ B BHAe npHpOAHbIX KBapldeBb]X' nO"IeBO'
:'.naTOBbtx lr rap6OUarHblx lteCKoB, a TaKXe TOn,'IHBHbIX3O,1' IO,rIyqaeMbIX
: T' I I I N b I I C B i ' I A H O MC > K I ' I f A H H IKI A M C H H b I XY I T C f t .
MenxOSepHHCTbIe Cl,lr,'lliKarl"l5le6erotll,l, HanpHMep H3BeCTKOBO-IIe6qa-
nbrl-, BbtroAHo or,,tuqarcTcfl or o6blqHblx (rpynHosepHllcrux) UeueHtltux 6e-
:oHoe 6o,ree oAHopoAHbtM crpoeHl,teM, a TaK)Ke 6onlrueli NtoHo,'IHTHoCTbIO
J.rpvr{Typbr 6.larO4ap91 6O"'tuUrOlin,'lOUIaAu KOHTaKTOBI'l xl{\{Hr{eCKOIi ilpH-
:o.t.e cBff3tr Me)KAy {eN{eHTt.tpvrcil{HMBeil{ecTBoM 14 OCHOBHOfi}laCCOii Me.rl-
..oro 3ailoJulurenq. 3tnntu oio6essOCrflMl'I cTpyKTypbl Ir IloBbIIUeHHoilrnpov-
qTO, HeCMoTpf Ha Meub-
rocTbro ctten.rieHI.{flqaCTItlI MO)l(Ho O6bflCHHTb TO'
105
 uyto I],xorHocrb Me,nKo3epril]crofo cH,rrHr{arHoro6eroua (cygn ilo ef.
o6telt_uolrv aecy) , [poqHocrb r]a c>Karae, naK [paBl4,'ro,He Hhxre r]porrHo.
cta o6uqurrx IIeMeHTFrsrx 6erouoe, a orliocr,rreJbHagnporlHocrb Fra pacrfi.
D
'l!9!l
;reuue Aa)Ke HecKoirbKo BbI[Ie.
(cx
O6r,euuuii Bec Me,rr{o3epHHcrbrxcH,'rHI{arHbrx6erorton cocraB,,rrrer
I 8 5 0 - 1 9 5 0 r c z l n a ( u . r i l i u r u 1 ' b c o 6 o r , ' r o r H b r xc t 4 . r r u K a r H b6r xe r o u o n o H r o -
crHraer 2100-2150 rce/u3). C nosuulel{ueM rrJrorHocrr.rcr,ruriarurrx 6ero-
HOB t{x [poqHocrb u croirxocrt Aocrur!rcT ypoBHfl COOTBercrB,v]oxI].tx uo-
riasareireu BbIcoKol]poqHbrx TIeMeHTHHX 6etOHOe.
llo cyu{ecrBylotrlnxr HopMaNrcH.,rHKarHbre r.r3BecrKoBo-necqanure 6ero-
Hbr Aerrrcq no [porlHocru Ha c)Karr.reHa MapKr.r100, 150, 200, 300 u 400.
L yBer'tHqeHlieM n,'IorHocrr4crpoeHug 6eroua fi aKTr.lBnocrH Bfl)Kyqefo Mapria !
6eron-a lto rpoqHocru ttpu cx<arrlu Mo]Ker Aocrararb 400-60b.
Xoporuee c{er,rreHaecu,'rnKarHoro6eroua co craJrbuofi apuarypoli, no-
Bbiue_HHaff Tpeurl4Hocror?r<ocrs Iz BbtcoKarrnpu3MeHHaf lpoLrHocrb, paBHafi
Hnu 6nusxaa x Ny6uxoeori, a raKlKe coxpaHHoc% cra,qbHori apnaiypH u
oeroHe B HopMaJrbr,rbrx ycJroBnrx sKc[Jryarar\uu H npa cooreeicreyroureit
efo n"qorHocrH no3BO,'rfirornpHMeHqrb cH,'raKaro6erouutle apMHpoBaHHbre
I{oHCTpy-KIIHIl B x{H,llI{U{HOI{, lpaX(AaHcKoM H IIpoMb]tx.rle}tHoM cTpollTe,'rb-
crBel. Co6creeHHrirl nec rroncrpyKrruHMo)Ker 6tir.r cna>rreHlrpr{ 3roM npH_
M e p F r os a l 2 - l 5 o l o .
Heroropunl IIeAocrarKoM Me,TKosepHHcrbrx clIJIr.tKarHbrx6erouoe qe-
,lfiercrI noi,rHxieFrt.tbui traqa"rlgrtir MoA-v,'rbytrpyrocrlr, BeJIHquHar{oropofo
) ' c H , r r r d K a r r ' r o 6r oe r o H a H a n e c K a x c p e r u e r i x p y f l H o c r r { e 1 , 5 - l , g p a 3 a , a y
6erosa rra trre,rxgx [ecr(ax B 2--2,8 paga MeHbrrre MoAyrr ynpyrocrrr
xpynHo3epHr.rcrororleMeHrHoro 6erosa. 3ro npnno4nr x yne,raq-enirbii
ae-
$opnaauau 6eroua npn Kparr{oBpeMeHrioNr safpyx<e'Hr, Ko'crpyKrlr.{rE.oa-
IJaKo' ec,IIHyr{ecrb, uro 6,raro4apfl KpncTa/r,'rHqHocrrr ct{,TgKargbix6erogoe
aBTOKT'raBr:Ioro rBepAeHvfl LlX 4eQOpiuaqutr nor3yqecrij SHaqnre,lrbHoN{e}rb.
lje, r{eM o6lrqsr'rx, o6u{ue ae$opuaquH, cyMMlrpyrcu{ueKparKoBpeN{eHHbrc
ynpyrl4e H A,'IfiTeJIt,HbIe rId'IacrHr{ecKfie, He npeBbIIualor raKoBbrx B ueMeHT-
ttotx-6etonax. 6,raro4apfl .jrolrry roHuiri.eHljbre3naqeHllfl MoAy,rrrynpyrocrrr
cti,{uKarHbrxMeJrKoeepHltcrtrx6erogoB He npr{BoAflTK geo6xo,l,nl,rocruvBe-
r'rHeeHHfpa3MepoB ceqeHuli 4na o6ecneqeHHgrpe6yennor?xecrrocru iuor,_
crpyKrlr{i.t.
Croft xocrl cI4,rI HKarHbrx6eronos Bo BpeMeHr{onpeAeJrrercqcrorixocr-F,ro
oclloBHoro ueMeHTrlpvrculeroBexIecTBa- tHApOCI4"'rr,rKaToB r(a,,rbr_IHfl.
&loposocrolixocrl cHJiHKarHofo6eroHa aBToKr,raBHoro rBcp.qeuurr.xo_
Tfl H HecKo,'IbKoHI{}Ke,qeM y [,'IorHL,tx(eMeHTHbIX6eronon, Ho'BIlo.TIIc
no_
crarorlHa r,nq o6ecreqeHi,tficoorBercrByrotufix rpe6onauuri n no,,arpvnu,,o,,
rr c-oopylKeHHffr\,r rpa)KAaHcxHx H npoMbrrx,'reHrrbrx sAaHHri.Ilpn rreo6xo4ri-
I'rofi nnorgocrt{ H npaBr{JrbHonoifo6pauHoM cocraBe cfl,rrr{KarHofo6eroua
oH Mo)Ker BblAep)KarbAo 200 qilK,rloBfionepeMeHl{ofogaNropax{uBanuflLI
or-
TAHBAHNfl.
crorlxocrl cH.{r.IKarFrbIX 6eroson B yc,'roBrrqxcHcreMarflqecKofo Boe_
A e i i c r n z q r o c r o f l H H oo 6 H o e r R e r \ r o rei o g l r , o c o 6 e n H oM l i u c p a , r H 3 o n a u u o ri i4 n n
naalrofi , eule HeAocraroriHonpoBepeHa np u A.ru4Te jr tuori excn"rvara trgl{.

6) Tecpdenue cu/LuKaruotx1erouoe
K a x a s e e c r H o ,r B e p A e H l r ec u J ' K a r s u r x 6 e r o s o B , r r [ r e r c u r u xe c e o e u o c -
FroBeAByXKOMnOHerrrH0e Bfl)K)'uee ri3Becrb a KBapueBbrrlnecor<unu Hsoil
r { p e M H e 3 e M c O A e p x a u uri < i o r r n o u e H rB
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Mo>KHoro.rrbxo B yc,'roBHflxaBTor{.laBHorio6pa6orrir.j npl raB,TeHHrrHacbr_
u - l e H r r o r oB o A r r H o f on a p a 9 - - 1 6 a r n r e r l r n e p a r v p e1 7 1 . i : - 2 0 3 . c . E n a r o r a D s
I flpn excnnyaraut.{rr r<oHc'rpyxunii p c.roBriflx
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100
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B C r . r C T e MB e O A b t B K a n c , ' r b H O - ) I { L I A K OCNO{ C T O f l l l H li]l p l I y K a 3 a H -
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-.,3pa6oraHHbrMfi
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-.lCUeCCa MaTepilaroB efo Mo>KHO
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nepBaf cTaAI,If - C MoMeHTa Bn-VcKa napa /lo /loCTI4X<eHI]fl3a,il'aHHoro
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, 6 arste aeMoto I{3Ae,rtHf;
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, b t \ f g A p o c g , ' r r 4 K a r o B1 4o c B o 6 o ) K A e H U e Mn p t t S T o M r t 4 4 p a r a o l i f i c l l K a . ( b u u t ,
l r o p b r i i B C B O r Oo q e p e A b 8 3 a i l f i l o A e f i C T B y e TC K p e M I J e 3 e N { O MB p a C T B O p e ,
i p a :t' n itoBble I{o;'IHH€CTB 3 HH3l(ooctloBHoro rnrp ocl{'[ I'tKara.
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107
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pa B aBroK.raB rer\rfleparypa B I-reMcHu]Kaercfl a us 6eroua, reMneparypa
Kol'oporo HeKoropoe BpeMfl Aepx{ttrca Ha 6o,ree BbrcoKoMypoBHe, rreM B
o K p y ) K a l o x { e Mn p o c r p a H c r B e ,H H T e H c H B Hf ioc n a p f e r c r r B ! ' r a f a .f l p a u c l l a p e -
HHI{ B.rraftrH3 6eroHa roBbr[Jaer(:fl KoHIIel{TpauurrpacrBopa rt{Apara oKltcil
Ka,'IbUIIfl, qTO nptrBOAI4T K BblnaAeHHIO I'I3 HaCbll]-leHHO|O paCTBOpa AOflOJ'I-
H],ITE,'IbIIOTOKOflHI{CCTBA HONOO6PASOBAHViI B BIjAC THAPOCfi,'II,IKATOB I(AIb-
ur{fl 6o"{ee sHcoxofi ocHoBHocri.r.Ecnn K KoHqy aBroK,rlaBHori o6pa6orr<u e
cficrer\'1eocTaercf cso6oAHHri fLIApaT oKl,lcH Kar'IblIUq,Aa,rlueilul.li npo-
uecc rBepAeHl,rfl6eroHa MolKer rrpoAo,rlKarbcr H ltoc,re lz3Breireul4flu3Ae-
n u f i u z a B r o K J r a B ar,d r r a B H b roM
6 p a 3 o M 3 a c q e r K a p 6 o H n s a r r n uC a ( O H ) , n o a
AelicrsneNr yr"[eKr.rc,rrorbr Bo3Ayxa.

a) Marepuanor O,cn nonAqeHun cu/ruKarHbtx 6eronoa

tr4cxoAurtlru Mareplra,rraMnr\Jrfl"no,rryqeHrifll{gBecrKoBo-KpeMHe3eMLtcro-
ro BflMyxlefo cr'ry)Kar r{3Becrb r.r roHKo3epHncrsni KpeMHe3eMncrufi r.rnrr
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coAep)KaHueM flocropoHHHx npnuecefi. Co4epxauue cyMMbr ceo6o4Hr,rx
CaO+MgO e l4onorori serauresori ].rsBecru (cuuran Ha cyxoe neqecrno)
,no"tllKnococraBr'rrrrbHe Menee 900/s (l-ri copr), He MeHee800/q (2-rt copr)
u ue ueuee 700/e (3-rl copr), a B ruAparsorl nsnecru (nyruerrxe)- ue ue-
s e e 6 7 n 6 0 % ( c o o r n e r c r n e H H oA J r f l1 - r o u 2 - r o c o p r o n ) . C o a e p x a n u e M g O
He .{o,'rx(HonpeBbrrxarbd%. llonurueHHoe co4epxanae ,N{gO r o6yc,ron,rdH-
Iloe grl,rM Ha,rrir{Henepexora CaO eecoN{a Hex{e,TareJrbno, oco6euuo npH
nptzMeHeuHHnao,rororiI43Becrr-r(I4ne,'rr(?r, TaK KaK raIIIeHue raNori l43Becru
npozcxoAl]r HepaBHoMepHO LI 3aKaHquBaeTctlB IIepHoA,KOIAa I'l3Ae,'It'lfHa-
xoArTcfl B cra\un rBepAeHr{fl; 3ro HerlS6exHo rrpr.rBoAHrK o6pasoeannrc
rpeuHH.
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ocrarKy Ha cr4re Ns 02 ao l0lo, a Ha cr{re Ne 008- ao 100/0.Heo6xoAuuo,
.tro6rt ralUeHHe 14 3Becrr,r-KHIIe,'rKH ilporer(aJro Bo3Moxuo 6onee no,rrHo l.l
6rtctpo, B reqeHile 10-20 truH I\Jrn 6ucrporacauericq n ne 6onee 20-
25 uun [,'rfl Me.rtr:r€HHoracflxreiica. Co4epxaHr.re Hefiofacr.rBuruxcflqacrr.rrr B
r<ouoeoir r{gBecrr4Ao,'rx{Ho6lrrl ne 6o.ree 100/o s l-u copre u ne 6onee
2A0h- so 2-x,I.Ha cropocrb raIUeHI4fl cyrqecrBeHHo BJII,rflercoAep)Karrne
MgO n Had'ILIr{He npunrecettrJIHHacrblx BeIrIecrB.[,rrn ycxopeHHrrrarueHr{rr
r(oMoByror.r3BecrbrroABepraror 6o,ree roHKoMy rrpeABapr.rre/rbHoMy noMo,'ry
r.r BMecTo BoAbr rrpr4MeHrrroT IIap.
KpeuHeeenrucrbreKoMnoHeHrbr. B raqecrBe KpeMHeseMucroroKon{no-
HeHTa Bfl)Kyuero A,'Ir cI{JILIKarHux6erogoB Moryr iIpHMeHflTbcflToHKo}Io-
. T o r b l en p H p o A H b l ex n a p u e n u i i n n o , l e B o t u t t a r o n r t inr e c r ( H .a r a r ( ) K e3 o , r r Jot r
cfopaHhfi KaMeHHbrxyr,refi B ilbr,'reBaAHoM cocroflt{rlH. CogepxaHr.re SiO2
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neceri - He 6o.nee 70lo; s rrecKax x so/'re coAepx{aHHecepHucTbrxr4 cepHo-
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eMofo B KaqecTBe3aloJrHllTe,'iflB ueMeFITHt'tx 6erosax.
3ona, 6yayqr.rAr'rcnepcuofi,ue Hy)KAaercq B noxro,'reBoBce HJra rpe6v-
eT BecbMa HeSHaqnTe.[bHoroAoI{o.1a,fJ,'raBHbIl,r o6pasolr 4,ra ycpe4HeHUX
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fIo caoelry xHMuKo-t\{r4uepa,'rofilqecKoMy cocraBy Hli3rioKa,'rbi{IzeBarr 3oJra
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roM B Bfl)KyIrIeM,coAep)Kalquu or 30 no 500/o SiO: u He r\{eHeel0% AlrOB.
3anonuure,nu. B cu,rnr<arHux 6eroHax Moryr npur{eHflrbcfl B KaqecrBe
108
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117
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118
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IoIqHM He MeHee500/s sepeH pa3MepoM Io 1,2 .t4/il,ecrv raKafl 3aMeHa lte
BI)I3btBaerocaAKLIg.{enctoll Maccbl n Qopltax n IIo3BO,'Iflerro,'lyr{urb 6erott
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( 1500-2000cuzle).
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t23
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HA B ilUH 18,2 17 t 2 , 6 6 a p a 6 a u a c M e c r r r e , ' r f ln; p u s r o M B
Vctason,tenrraf nro[l- pe3y"'rbrare MHoroKpar{roro noA.b-
}IOCTb B /i6'I 3,8 t4 28 e M a u [ a , u , e H r l rq{ a c T n u M a T e p H a -
[lacnopruaa npolrsr]o- . 1a r iD o u c x o r ' I r . . er rr o c e o e o 6 p a 3 H o e
Artro;'IbHocrb s,ttslu I l8 e1)
<< reDe,rr
- on aqHBa HHe>>.
Xopourelry cMerrlr{BaHi.r}o KoM.
r o H e r r r o Bn p u c s o 6 o l H o M n a A e t { r I H
crloc(]6cTByeTfia,Tllr{HeR cMecr4 3epeH r.1 l{ycKoB MaTepIta,'ra pasHou, a
ToM rrncJle Aocraror{FroCronluroli KpynHocrn, r{oropbte npu naAeuull c Bbr-
coTbt, o6r'r?nar coorBercrByrcueii KHHeruqecKofieueprner?, y,ryuruarcr ne-
p e \ { e u r l B a H l r e .@ o p u a n o n a c t e f i , I J X r r a c , ' r ou p a c n o r o x { e r r u eB c o q e r a H H I {
C Tol'I i.iln unot? $opnaofi cMeCfiTe.rIbHolo 6apa6aHa CyuIecTBer{HoB,ltHtr}oT
IIa Kar{ecTBOnepeMeluHBaHrrfl, onpeAc,rrflqTpaeKTopr,tr.r fi HHTeHcLIBHocTb Iie-
r{aCTI'll.( X{aTepl.laJIOB He TO"lbKO B nollepeqHON'I, H() H B npoAodlb-
peMeII{ellafl
!loN ila1rpaB,1eHfiH.
lpaeu'rau,'aoHur,re 6eroHoc\{ecure,'rH Llr.rKr'rHqecKoro4eftcrunff B 3aBHcH-
r.locTLIOT O6beMa OAHOBpeMet{HO3arpv)Kaen{brx x'laTepr.ra,]oBHMeioT pa3JrHq-
Hyro 3afpy3oqHlro erlrKocrb: 100, 250, 500, 1200 n 240A r. B Hacrorrxlee Bpe-
l!q Mou{llocrI, 6eroFIocMeckre"IeH .xapaKTep}I3_vercfl TaKx{e o6rett,Iou loto-
Eoli cMect4, no,'rvrraeN{ofisa oAr,rH3a\1ec, rpH rropMa,rrbi-loirpa6ore cNrectlreJrg.
f l p a H n u a x x o e $ $ u u u e u r B r , r x o r a 6 e r o u H o i i c M e c r {- o l ' u o u e r r u e o 6 ' b e M a r o -
ToBoH cMecu B vfrJorHeHHol{ cocroflnt4r.i K cyM\'re o6'i,eMoe 3arpv)KaeMbrx
TBepAbrx Ko[,rroHeHToB- paBHr]rrr 0,66, ro,nyrqr.114 B coorBercrBl,tt{ c npIlBe-
AerrHori Br,rue 3afpv3orrHoii errKocrbl.o 6eronoclrecu'te.-refi ir\ npoustsoAnTenb-
F r o c r r ,I I o o 6 r e n r y f o r o B o r i c N { e c u : 6 5 , 1 6 5 , 3 3 0 , 8 0 0 u 1 6 0 0 l . K o e $ Q u r r r l e H r
BbixoAa 6eroniroii cNIectIB 3aBFCHNrocrrror ilycrorHocrrr KpyfrHofo H MeJrKoro
3alo,'rrrl,lTe,'1efi,a TaK){ie coAep}KaHHfl Bo/lbr nore6nercq B rrpeAe,lax 0,6-0,7.
a p . i l r p a c r B o p r i b r x c n e c e r : i- - - B n l l e . r e . r a x 0 , 7 5 - 0 , 8 . B r a 6 " r . l 8 n p n e o 4 t r c r
TexFIurIecKHe xapaKTepHcrHK[r fpaBr{TaulroHHbrx crarir4ouap}tr,rx 6eroHocrre-
cr.ITe,'r eH r{i4K,'r ilqecl{oro 1efi crenfl oTeqecTBeut{of o fl poH3 BOACTBa.

l48
 l l r eirraquonr{bre ch{ecrlre.rnHenpepbrBFroro AeircrBrrr lMeior pflA KoH-
...!lBrrrrrxI{ 3KcnJryaTai_I,I4oHr{blx npetrMyilIecTBnepe,4,cr,recaTe,'rqM14 UHK-
, , : . l r o g e f i c r e u a , B q a c r H o c ] ' Ht r e H b l i l u r ly A e n l u u i i p a c x o l a , ' r e K T p o g H e p -
i arraxo oHIl paccql,rraHr,rna 6erosocuecuTeJrbHbre yc ra uoBKI{ 6onuroii
: 3 . r - l r r r e d ' r b H o c r r 4 - 3 0 , 6 0u 1 2 0 u s l q 1 4r r p x M e n f l I o r c f l B o c H o B H o MH a
-
::.\ cTpOHTe,lbHbIX n,lIOUIaAKaX C LieHTpa,llIl3OBallHbIM IpHTOTOBJIeHLIeNI
1 : O I 1C M C C H .

5) CuetuuaaHu,eB c.hrecuT e"t.ctxnpungdurettt:uoao deilcrsun

: aliltx CMeCLITe,'lflX qaCTHqbIIIpIrHyAIiTe,'IbHO ivtHOfOI(paTHO nepeMeHa.
. -o cJo>KrrbiMrpaeKTopurrM B cMecHTeJrbHoft qaue vilu 6apa6aHe npr4
, - - ^ ; r c i \ r e u u B a i o q n x v c T p o f i c r B ( , r o n a c r n , J r o n a T K l rr, p e 6 x u , x y , u a u x n ) ,

e) d)

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\rl

- Puc. 42. Cxeur,r cr'recurenefinpr.iHyAr.lreJ'rbnoro

,lelicreur
a*nporutsoroqHbrrl cMectrerb c Bpauanu1eficq roph3oHTarbHofi vaneft; 6-ro xe,
c ,rBJ-r{fl rpyrnailt cMe[rBaotrlfix ].crpoircrB; a - poropHufi cMectrrerb c HenorBr4ni-
Horl rof)il3oHTa"qbHoit. cauei; z - cMecurenb c ropH3OHTanbHbrM npuBoAHbrM BanoM
( t r o n e p e . r H L r ip a 3 p e s ) ; d - 4 n y x e a , n r u n f i cMecHreJb

,::/lielillblX Ila BpaIqaIOI]{HeCs fOpI]3OHTa,TbHbIe l4.llH BepTIZI(a,"ibHbIe npn-

' - -:rble Ba"rlbl.
J l n r t n r l r r r r r r n,,1
rz nr " cr{ecuTe,'rlrc ITpHFTyAHTeJIbHbIM nepeMelxHBat{n-
+Jr{cTBrlrr
: " : r , : o l K H op a 3 A e J I r l T H
b a c J e . q v r o u u ef p y n i r b r :
a) nporunororrHbre c r o p u 3 o H r a l b H o r iq a u r e f i ,B p a r q a r c r r d e r t cnr u a n p a e -
- :.i !1u,npoTr,rBoiro,'roxHot{ FotuHXycTpoficTB, pa3MerqeH-
BpaueHU}ocMe[IJ.rBa
'-,ri B ropfl3oHTa,'rbHor'i n,'rocKocTl..l Ii Hacax{eHHbrxHa IipLtBoIHoMBepTI,IKa.rrb-
. i: Ba"qy (Cxema TaKoro cr\{ecriTe,'rfl c OAHoii fi c nByMrr lpynnaMu CMerrrH-
r:i3irrx yCTpOiicrB n p r 4 B e A e HHaa p r . r c4. 2 , a u 6 ) ;
5) poloprrnre ryp6rHuofo rrJfla c ropi43oHra.rrbr]or? HenoABH]KHofiqa-
-.:I
I I B P A U A I O I I I H N { C 'B U C H T P CP O T O P O M H
, A K O T O P O MH C I I O A B I 4 X { HH
OA C A .
- ::br cNelurrBaloulHe vcTpoilcTBa, pa3MeulelrHble B ropH3oHTa.lbHofi nd'Io-
..JcrH (pnc.42,a);
B) IIrHeKoBbIe c npr4BoAlIbIM foptlsoHTaJlbHbrM Ba,rroM, pas-
"ro[acrHbre,
"::lleHHbrM Blt,o,'rbcMecHre,.'rbHofo 6apa6aHa Kopbtroo6pasHofi firrrr{qI{JrItHA-
:i:qecKofi Sopiur'r B cerreHuri (puc. 42,e n 0);
r) ryp6y;ieHrrrofo rxna (nper4Myr{ecrBeHHo AJrrr pacrBopHbrx r4 MeJTKo-
, i:rrrcrbrx 6erouHlrx cx,tecefi). B KoTopbrx 6,raro4apt 6r,rcrpomy BpauleHrzro
:',:eIrHBaIo[rHX lrs1po1i.rB creI{r{a,'rL,Hor.iKor;crpyKultfi (500-600 o6lnuu)
i1aTuIlbI cMeIIII{BaeMbIX MarepHad'IoB CoBepIxa}oT BLIxpeBbIe (ryp6y"{eHTHbre)

149
 )lepel\{ellleHfifi H cMeIlItlBatiue |IpoiIcxo,III4T BeCbMa UllTellcl'lBl'lo B KOpoTI{lle
cpoKr.r.
-
flporneoroqHblfi 6eronoclteclir€.rlb (pilc. 43) fipeAcraBJII{erco6oir or-
K p b r r v r o f o l i u g o F r r a " l b l r l r oq a u \ . 1 c o c r \ r c t l r r B i l r o r u l r l .yr lcrr p o i i c t e a v H e e t t -
,U,e AByX BepTI{Ka,'IbFIbIX Ba,rtOB-l{peCTOBH}l 2 (s (le'rOItOCUeCI4Te,rle e}1-
I{ocrbro 250 l.'onua oa,r), lra I{oropbtx IIacax{eIII,I IIo rll14r'IoIIari(l'l3, ycrattoe-
,'IeHitbterrOAOnpeAe.rleHHbrN{ H npll HeO6XoLuMOcrllIi3l\Iellfllox-(I4MCf yf,toM K
OCU BPAUEHI,Ifl. BANIT CO
Crl,IelllXBaIOUII4MI.l,'lOnaTKalll:
F oarrcuf lr c H ccou
BpI aJual taU
B c KKoU
C T bLL
p oPcU ' |i ( )
io
,/.' 3l I n \1,
// /$' a k=nr,<K \. 30 o6l.ttuu, uawa BPau{act-
cF B CTOpOHy, npOTLIBOnO-
JOX{HVrO BFauIeuun BaJIoB.
co cKopocrbro 5-6 o6l.ntuu.
B qarue vcralroB"ryeHo
ulecrb
li nenonnl{)Kttblx rPe6KoB 4,
npfi noMoulll KOTopbIxMacc;i
il or crel{oK orrpe6aercfl. u Ha'
ii npautrrercrr noA clleultBaHJ-
Ir,He ,'iorarKli. loroeac
//
cMect, BbrfpylKaeTctl qepe3
pasrpy3oriHuri nml< B Allr.lue
cMeclrre,lrr. Tar<ng cN{ecHTe-
,ilu pae,uuvrroiitex{Kocru ,vc-
TaHOB,'ieHF,l Ha MI-IOIHX 3aBO-
rax 6eroHHbrx 14 xe,'Ie3o6c-
TOI'IHblX H3AC,INIi, OAHAKO
Pttc. 43. BcrouoclaeclreJrb c nporrilcrroqtrbrr!aBlx{e-
IecflTri,'reTHnlt onbIT npHMe-
I r r e N I I I e p e M e u i { B a e M b l xI \ ' l a T c p t 4 a J o t s
HeHI.1fl BbrflBr4,'r pflA IIX C)'-
il{ecrBeHrrbfx HeAocraTKoB.
Il qacruocrn, rracroe 3aKJrirrriBar{He KpynHbrx KycKoB 11 gepeH 3ano,rlHure-
ia -naex4y )KecrKo uacalKeHHbIMlI nptlBont'lbIMI4 d'IorarKallu I'{ noAAoHorl
cttecltte"tluorl qaurr He rlosBo,'iler npttMeHflTb 3aror'tHlire"Ib KpynHee
3 0u . n .
Bo,treecoBepuerirrbll,{HtB,rrflorcrr poropi-IbIec}Iecl.ire,{t4TVp6tIHHorortt-
la. B ornnqHe or nportiBororlllblx, oHIl l,lMeloTrienoABI'l)KIlylo qallly c Ko,qb-
R } r e I i I H n M uc r e H K a M I 4u 1 { -
u e B b r Mp a 6 o u a n nn p o c r p a r r c r B o l , ro, 6 p a g o B a l { H r , r M
,.li4HApnqecKoii qauz Ii BlryrpeHHHMcraxaHoNI, KoaKCI{a!'It,tto BCTaBJIeHHbII\I
B r r a i l y . E , r a r o 4 a p n 3 T o M y L l c K . [ ] o q a e r c fn o n a A a H n en e p e M e u l l B a e M o fci M e -
cH B <<MeprBbre soribr)>qarufi. cntelxnsaiolltnll hlexaHnen (prc. 44) upe4crae-
,rxer co6oir Uer-rrpa,rIbHo paclo,'lolKeuuntfi porop 1, upuao4lrulttl ao BPaIlIe-
HHer{epe3Morop-peAyKrop co cKopocrblo 20--30 o6l.ttun. Ha porope >Kecrxo
rlaca)KeHbrB o.4Hoirn,'iocKocrn ulecTb paAltaJrlrllblxpbtllafoB 2, ga xouqax
Koropbrx yKpenreHbr/Iepx<are,'IIl-KpoHIxTei?Hu 3 c npyNI{rlFIbll\{!lalloprl'l3aro-
paMI4,ACK,'IrOqarcilIHI\tI{ 3aK,'IIIH}lBaHIie KpynHbIXKycKoB H 3epeH 3ano,'IHIzTe-
,ug. Ha AeplKare,rrfixporopa ycraHoBr'IeHbI IIflTb cMeIIII'lBalou{ax H ABe oqHcl-
r{ble,'Iolacra. cl,leuHealoulue "Ilonacra 4 pacno"roxeHbl TaKIIMo6pa30M, rITo
npH BpaueHr.ill poTopa oHLI nepeKpblBalor ace pa6ovee Ko,'Ihll,eboerpocr-
pancrno, o6ecne.llteax 6ncrpoe H xoporxee repeMelllt{Banue.Oqncrr{ble Jro-
IIacrId 5 oqur[arcr BeprnKa.rrbr{r,re u?t,'riI FIrp}tqecl{tierIoBepxHocTHKo,TL'qeBoto
rrpocrpaHcrna. VcrpoiicrBa noro6uofi xoucrpY[t]nu npllr'reHenblB cMecure-
.nflx rvraroil H cpe4Helt MoiltHocrli C-945 v. C-773 c o6-i;el{oM3aMeca coor-
B e r c r B e H H o1 6 5 u 3 3 0 z . B n n a r r e r a p H o - p o r o p H b lcxM e c l l r e . { t l xC - 9 5 1 ( o 6 r ' -
eM 3aMeca 800 a, puc. 45) crleiutiBaiouluti meretttt'tsl\1 ttpeAcraB.rtrerco6oll
ABa BaJrac ,'ronacTtlMfi.Barbl oAlloBpeMeliHotspaildalorcf BoKpyr u,eHTpadllb-
Hofi ocfl co cKopocrbto 20 o6l,tttLr, 1'lBoKpyf cBoell ocl4. Ha raxAor,r ,'lotracr-
HOM BaJry HacaMeHbrqerblpe cMelliflBaloul.HeJiollacrll (n 4nyx n,TocKocrflx
150
 -- . r e p r H K a r l r ) . K p o l a e T o f o , H e n o c p e . [ c r B e H HKo T p a B e p c e I I p ] l K p e n r ' i e H b I
:' pe6arcur,afl,'Ionacrb,a rar{}Ke BHvrpeI{HI4 " Il HapyxHt til oql{crHblecxpe6-
': -l.]fl yAa.lellHfl qaCTxlI C]\{eCiI C nOB€pXHOCTH Hap}r)KHOfO H BHyTpeHHerO
- : " r 1 1 r i l p a , o f p a H k q H B a l o u ? 1 xx o . . - r b q e B opea 6 o u e e n p o c r p a H c r B o . f o r o B a t {
'.:r'CbBblrp!)KaeTcrirrepe3AorrHbrii;ror. 3a cqei: yBe,'lHqeHHfl oKpylKHblxcKo'
- r.'refi
ABuxierri.rxr'ronacrefr c 1,2-1,5 .ufcerc (y nporrtaoroqFlbtxcMecure-
- - i i . i l l c 2 , 5 - 3 , t t l c e r c( v
1 - r o r o p r i ; , t xc) o K p a l r a e r c f l B p e N l f i c l l e r u I { B a u H nc

Pnc. 44. Cxelta porc-rpa ryp6lluuorornna C-773

6e;oirocueoite"rr

7'o-- 120 ,4o 45-60 ceK, \t'to npuBoALIr K IIoBbttrleHi{rcqacosoli npo].I3BoAI{'

re,rrbr{ocrfi6eroubcuecI4TeJflr!p6ttuuoro rIIla.
!,nn aS$exrr.rBHorocMerrIHBa HHfl xoMrtoHeHToBp acrBoptlblx u Mer'IKo3ep-
r{r.tcrbrxSetortHl,rxcntecefi ue,:iecoo6pa3HoBMecro o6btr{t-ibtx
Jlonacrt'lbIXcMe-
cuTga.i€iic toprr3orrTa,'ibnbtM Ba"iotl npt{MeHflTbTaKHe}l{e, Ho 6ltcrpoxogHr'te
e , lI I e I p e p l , l B H o r O n e H C T B H t {C H a C a } K e l l l l f , l M H
t ) 4 H O - H A B y X I J S . l b H L I eC I \ 1 e C H T H
Ha Ba,1v cMeluHBarcu{fiM}ir-IoIlarKauN (xy,rauxalttt). Tar, B rlpoH3BoAcrBe
rrpOXaTrrbrx naire,{et'r ua OC}IOBerHIlCa H lt3 Me.rIKO3epHHCTbIX qemeurnUX 6e-
'r.oHHuli cMeceii{ tiill{Me}{rerctr o.f rroBa,rbubu:t cNlectlre/.'tbIrenpeptIBIIoro Aet4-
c'r,BHrr.Cueclne.qo (puc. 4ti) rpeAcraBJrrrer co60ir u.ta,lHIIApttqectrnll noilbui
Kopnyc AfiaMerpor'r 350 ,tt.+t,n,'IIIlroit 2-2,5,tt. BHy'rpu Ila llvcroreJloll Bary
Hacax(eilbI c[{eur]Barorqfre .-ioIarKn (t<-y,raunn); e6.rluslr 3arpy3or{Hofo or-
BepcrHfl Ha Ba"ly pac[od'i0]KeH i.iopoTKHt'lmHeK A,',IfiilepeAarIn sarpyxael'tblx

151
 lJareprra.xoBK cMeruHBaroIlltlMJro-
rrarr(aNr.Cropocll Bpau{eHlaflBadrra
B CMeCHTeJIfX A,rIfl n0,'tyqeH14q |HII-
c o6erorilrr,rx cuecefi 245 o6luun,
ltirs tIerreirrHbrx 6eronulrx cMe-
ceri - 180 o6luun BoAa noAaercfl
e 6eroHoclrecr.rrerb ,[,ByMr pa3-
6 p n s r u o a r e J r rN { r r , paBHoMepHo
paclrpene,rrrruLrlHM n rorn y n o n c e i i
A,'r14He clrecrrle,'rrr.llponsno4nrenr-
Hocrb cMectITeiitI4"rR rllnco6erou-
riur crireceii12.u3lrt,AJIflIIeMeHTFIo-
6erossr,rx ciucceli- 15 aBlq.
t r 4 r s o n r ,r e-.f d r
.} r b c x t v
euulx TII-
iIoB cMecl4Te,'rer4 Aafl pacTBopHbrx
a Me,'rxo3epHlrcrbrx 6etoHHr,txcue-
ceil c,re4yer orMerurb cKopocrHble
c NlecHTeJlLt ur.rKrI-rqecKoroaelicrBltR
ryp6v,reuruoro runa. Cilrecnrent
(pnc. 47) cocror4r r43 HerroABrzx{-
i r o r o B e D T H K a J r b r r 06 raox a 1 , e x o -
rrr.i.recr(ori uHxnefi qacrI.I Koro-

Puc. 45. Poropuuri 6erouocrvrecure,rr,

ryp6risHoro runa C-951
.t -- qaua cr{ecurerff; 2 - BHyrpeHHHti craKaH,
B KoroDov Da3Meu(eH purop: 3 - npHBo.[,Har
rDaBepca, Bpau{amxlascs BoKpyr ueHrpanbHoH
ocu: 4 - trptrBoAHorl Bail Eilr trnaHerapHoro BDa-
qeHur cr{euuBamqero ycrpoilcrBal 5-pa6orue
Barbl co cMecHTenbHbIMIt nonacrrMu: 6 u 7 -
'/reKrpoaBHrare.rL c peayKropoM: 8 -nonfpe-
6anuraq nonacrb; 9 * oqjtcrHbre cKpeoKu;
.10 - 3arpy3ocHbrfi lnr s BepxHeil Kpbtuxe cMe-
ctrTenbHoft qawv: 1l -JoK c trHeBMotrptrBoAo\l
Bbrrpy3Kk roroBoii cMecui 12 - cncreMa lxe-
rrs
cTepeHqaTblx nepe,qac or qeHTparbHofo Bana K
tsaIar{ c nIaHeTapHbIM Bpau{eHIre}1

poro qeHrpaJrbuo co cKopocrbKl5_00-

porop 2, npaur,arculfllicff
pa3x,Ieu{eH
60ao0luui. Porop-rpeAcraB,rrerio6oli xoleco ryp6ttnuororuna (pac.47,6),
cocroflIr{ee H3 cryfiHIIbI 3, cMeu]HBalou{tlx ,loIIaroK 4, cBepxy o6leAn-
HerlHbrx o6eqarixon. Po'rop npn 6ucrpoM BpalUeHuH or6pacblBaer ,'Io[ar-

Puc. 46. OAnoeansHufi cr'rccr'lreJlb IJerlpepbrBHofo 4eficrnnr Ans pacrBopl]btx u MeJrro3ep-

iIllCTItl{ OeTOHHL,IX CMeCeI4

1 - Kopr-vc; , -'cr{curffBasulre ,no[arKff; J lp1'6uarltfi npuaoAnori tsa,]; J - rnueK; ,5 - BHy?peHRr{il

Bn6poBaJ; 6 - tro.Iaqa cMecri cvxux xor{troHr.HToB: 7 - uo/Iaqa BoAbr: 5 - BHAaqa roroRoti crtecH;
9 - ffpriBoA; 10 - 3JeKrpoJ1Brirarcrb BIl6poBalta, II - cnopHo-noBopoaHoe ycrpoficrBo

t52
 : a c r r r u b r c N r e c f lK c r e l r K a l l c \ l e c n r e , ' l b H o f o6 a l ( a . O ' r p a r x a n c l o r K o -
. -t ; ; I r o B e l l x u o c T un , r l o n a o' fK , q a c T l i u L I c o B e p t r l l o l r 6ecnopxrlouHr,te
: r e - t t s H ) K e r r Hxrol ,p O U l Of i e p e N t e l x u t s a o T cI t { [ " r a r o t l t p f l l j a n o p y c H l l 3 y

; . +7. Cxcna ryp6y-

::::-illOrO CMeCI{Te,'It
i.:oo -lJH NrerKo3cpHn-
-:;ix 6etouHux r.t pac-
T B o p H b r xc M e c e f t

r . - : 1 : 1 \ l a m T C f I I O C n H p a . I I H ,3 a T e M C H O B aI l O n a A a ] O TB p O T O p ' B 3 O H y T O p M O '
';1\
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a) sarorou,rrenlsr're oilephufiH, BK,rrcrrarcque npaBKy, pegKy, ruyrbe
H crbrKoByrocBapKy crepxneri apMarypbr, a raKx{e 3aroroBKy orAe,.rbrrbrx
3rlleMCHTOB 3aK,'l aAl IblX ACf a.neti;
6) ceapouubre oileparrnr.r,BK,'rtoqaloqaecBapKy rxupoKux r{ y3KHX ce-
roK, n/rocKr{x KapKacoB, cBapKy o6beMHbrx KapKacoB oTAe,'rbHbrxBr.]AoB
)Ke,'reso6erolrrrbrx i.r3Ae,rruit(i<orrounbr,o[opbr, rpy6lr, cBar4H IIp.), a ,raK-
)Ke cBaporjHlre pa6orli, cBfl3aHHbtec ti3foroB,'rerrreM3aKJraAHbIX 4era,rer.i;
B) AOBOLKaCBaprrbrxapNrarypHbrx 3,'reMeHToB A,'rf rzx iloc,'reAyrcu1efi
vKpynHlrre,'rlrroric6opxn, HanplrMep rHyrbe e r.reo6xoAaMbrxc,'ryqaqx n,'ro-
cKax ceroK, BbrpesKaB apMarypHbrx ce?Kax A"rrEcreHoBlrx naueneli npoc-
MOBA/rrfloKorr r{ geeper.iE o6pan.reHpre3rax [poeMoB Aorro,'iFrr.rreJrtriofi ap-
nrarypoft, Har{eceHr.re aFrrr4i{oppo3uoHr{brx SauillTrrbrxnoxplrrurl Ha Hapyx-
HbIe noBepxHoc'rl{gaK,riajllrblx4eraneir H np.;
r) yxpynHure"rbHafl c6opra orAe,rbrrbrxg,'reMelrroBB foroBbre o6len-
Hr,le Kapxacbl' BK,4Ioqaflnpl{BapKy noA'ber{HbIXH MoHTa)KIlbIXrleTe/'tb,sa-
r{JlaArirrrx4eraneii, Aeraneii 4,ra Quxcarlr{I4 ro,rro>KeHr.rfl apMarypHbrx r{ap-
KacoBn$opr,raxnnp.
Ha crp. lB1 npnno;lrlrca o6o6u{eHHafl cxeMa rexHo,{ofr4rtecKoronpo-
qecca I'l3foroB,lleHuflcBapHbtx apMarypublx gr'reMeHToB,roroBbIX o6t,eira-
lrblx KapKacoBa 3ax.rra.qr{bix Aera/'teirapnlarypu.

a) 3azoroeureJtbH.bteonepaquu

Pasnraqarcr Asa runa saforoBnrer'rbubrx ,'rHHHri:A.rrs apMarypbr ltr.ja-

\{elpolr lo 12-14 .tr,u, nocryilaioueu ua 3aBoA n 6yxrax, H AJttrapMary-
pLI AuaMerpor,r6olee 12-14 ttil, nocryrrarouleii B sr.{AenpyrKoB.
3aroroenre,'rbubre onepaqufl c apx{arvpHofi cra,,rl]o s MorKax r.r 6\rx-
T a x c B o A f i T C fBl o c H o B F r o M K p a g M o r K e 6 v x r c o A H o B p e M e t * r u l te l r n p a l r -
"[cirfielr u pesxori ap]\.{arypbrHa crep)KHrr3aAaHHorlA,'rilHbr;npH BbrnprrM-
,,]eHi.InnonyTHo rrpoHSBoAlITCfl ee OqHCTKa.
Ocuosuofi onepaquefi npu saforoBxe apn,rarypl,u r 3 npyrxonofi cra,la
f l B , T f i e r c rp e 3 K a H a c r e p x r { r r : a n a u u o r l A , r r r 4 l b r3; T o B , ' r e q e rs a c o 6 o r i 6 o , ' r t -
IIII4eorxo.D.r,r craJri{ B Br{Ae t.ret{eptrbrxo6pe3KoB.B ceqsu c re}vl, r{To cBap-
HOri_CrbrK B apMarype fB,[flercf paBHonpoqrlbrMr.rMo]Ker pacnor'rafarbcfl B
;rc6onr Mecre apMarypHoro crepx<Hfl B rlsAe.rrHtr,peKor\,renA-vercfl nprdMc-
rrrrrb HenpepbrBHyrocrbrKoBVrocBapKy I]pyrKoB r.r pe3KV no!.ryqaeMorlI],'re-
TI{ Ha crepx{rIII saAaHHoti a,rttuu. llpre STor'f nojiHocrbro r,rcK,'rroqarorcfl
orxoAbr apl'rarypucil craJ'rHH . a ' r n u u u s a f o r o B K r ra p M a r y p H b r xc r e p N n e l i n o -
c,'le,4oBareJlIrHo ycraHaB,THBarorcflcrblKoBag cBapoqltar MaIIIHIta II npil-
no,qsoii orpesHoi? cTailoK TaKr.ttro6pa30M, ,{ro6br ocb 3JreKrpo4oeceapbu-
uoil uamprrrbrcoBrraAa,rac nr.rnrlertpe3arrnr Ha crarrKe. ovepeAHorl npyror
cBapl4Balorc ocrarKol\,I[.IIeTII, or Koroporo ro,'IbKo r{To orpe3aFra 3afdToB-
Ka 3aAalrHofi A,rnlrr,r.fi,a"ree tl",Ierb npoABHfaercfl rJa npi.leM]toMcro,rre (n
BI4Ae pOrbranra) Ao :\rlopa, vcraHaB,rrHBaeMoro B coorRerc'I'ts?-u c 3a.traH-
n o t i 4 n u u o u S a f o r o B r r u ,t I 0 T r r , n e r f io r p e 3 a e ' r c f lo q e p e l H a f l S a f O T o B K a .
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I
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apMaryp- I -_
I

loo'nn.*rru"t ap\rarypHblx
o l - \ r{ap:tacoB
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A { e r a , r , n y p r i 4 q e c K L I e3 a B o r b r H a r r H H a t o r r t o c r a B . q f l r b ( c H a r , 6 a B K o i i B
--::re) npyrKl4 MepHofr A,'IHIIbI, coortsercrByloqeii A,iIxtre creplx.FleH apr'Iary-
-:.:
B 3 T O N I C , ' r y q a e o T n a A a e T l l ? o 6 x o A l . i M o c T b B c T b l K o B K eu p e 3 K c a p N l a -
. . nuoii ripyrKoBofi cTai-ru.
B pnAe c,ryqaeB npeABaprrreJbuoii onepat{rtefi flpl{ 3aforoBxe apMa-
--
OHblX CTepIKHeLIflB,'lfieTCf,BbiilOfi\lIeFJUe I1 ql{CTi{a I1pyTI{OB.
llpanna fi pe3Ka apuarypHor? craJln. Onepaunu ilo pa3lrorr{e 5yxr,
: - i i r p f i , r , r , ' r c r r u ri 0l p c 3 K e a p l l h T \ p l l o H c r a J I H o c Y I u e c r B , ' l f l t o T C f lH a n p a B r . ' l b -
'r-oTpe3Hbrx cTallKax-aBToiiaTax. FtraH6o,rnmee pacilpocTpaHeHile rlorJ/-
,:.ru npaBiir,'ibHo-orpe3rrbrecrirrhir C&l-758 H CM-759 c ,uIlcKoBbIMI.{Ho}r{a-
".','.J:Ifl pe3Kil cra.rh 14 craHi{Il HoBL,Ix MoAeJIell ZIO-334 i,l I,iC-358, cua6-
-.ailliUC Kartaloult4Milcfl fl{"rboTIIHHbIM}.1Ho)KaMIl, o6ecflerll'lBatoulntIH 50nce
r . l - r r i b r ep a s M e p l , r n p y r K o B ( p t t c . 5 8 ) .
181
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. i e i ; c , s6 r , r c r p c n p a i l { a t o i u , a H cl ps a n r n r , u t ' l r i 6 a p a 6 a r r ( 1 1 0 0 o 6 l a u n ) , f i p l ' I
3TOM IIpOBOJIOI(a npOXOAIiT r{epe3 OTBepCTLIfl B paAHar'Ib{lO IlOCTaB,'leH}lbIX
lr,rlaLIII{a-{; OTBepCTIIfl B n"lalllKaX C M e U I e H b I O . T H O C I ' l T e , ' I b H OO C I { B p a U I e l l 1 4 t t
6epa6aua raK, r{ro npoRo/'roKa n p } I B p a u { e n u u6 a p a 6 a H a n p n l t t l M a e l d t o p -
r,ri),'s6ntIot c onpeAe"'leHHoIlaMrl'li.ITyAOfi,pefy"rlHpyeMoiinoLBHHTIHBaHI'Iei\.{
riraIIieK H& T] Ha'rH il]tyr{, Be,'IilqHIIy B 3 a B I 4 C I , I N I O C T I .O T A H a M e r p a npoTflfl4-
jlacr\rofi npoBoloKrr H ee ynpyrocrlr. .fIpr roo.tepeAHoM LI3rn6e 6ucrpo-
Bpau{arcueiicx rpono,roKn B pa3rl4tlrtblx HanpaB,.'IeHuflx c oAIloBpeMeHHI{M
ee npoTrrfilBaHueM rrepe3 [,'1amKI{ ilpaBHJIbl]Ofo oapaoaHa oHa BbInpqMr'Ifl-
eTcri u TiIIaTe,{bHO OtrH[iaercfl Ao 6,{ecl(a. Bltnpalr,lellHafl u or{HutellHatl
npoBor'roKa npLi ilor,loulrd Kaqaloulefoctl FJo)Ka, npHBOALIMofo B 4eficren e
ABTOMATHT]CCKII, PA3PC3ACTCflHA IIPYTKI.I 3AAAHHO|I AJTII-,IIIbI B IIPCAE'IAX OT
i no 9 z. Cropocrb noAar{n ir npaBKIl iIpoBoJIoKr.r cocraBlfler B cpeAHeM
iJ? ttl.ttttr-t.
PesKa acMarypFrcrl crailu AI{aMerpoM Sonee 14 un, nocryramulefi s
Ill.tyTKaX, IpOil3BOAuTCfl Ila Cile[na"lblIblx CTaHKaX C HOX(aM]l fIlJIbOTl.iIlHOfO
rnna. IJantioJree pacilpocrpaHeH npuno4tioii craHox C-370, oH NtolKer Sbrrb
i{ciio.rrb30B&ri A,ufl ileSr{rr lpyrKoBoii craJIIl AHaN{e'rpoM 32-40 J,L.LL
B saBv-
clrMocrr.l or r\,rapKlr. I{au6o"tttuce qncxo pe3oB ts srowl crallKe cocraB,itler
30 B i .ttur-t..Tlpyrxir Merrbmero Al{aMerpa (or 5 4o 22 .nLtr} paspesatorctl
ilaqKaMl1 B HecKo,'IbI{oulTYK.

PHc. 58. llpr.iuuHnllannHar cxe-

r \ I a n p a e l i ; r r , H o - o r p e 3 H b r xc r a H -
xoe I4O-35B (a) u IaO-33.4 (6)
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:ryulrJc ponl{Ku; 3 - npuBoAHbie pbr
qa)Klrbrc UoxH: 4- :ranpaBntrcu(u
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6-npHcMHoc ycrpoiicTBo Ar9 npyr-
noB; 7-(pyrKHj 8-3reKrDo/'{Bnrir-
TeJb; I - 6yxra tporoloxlr '

llpu u3r{}ToB.rIeHur.r r\{oirrariHLr,rnereJlb, aHKepHblx KploKoB, xo1\IyroB

Lr rrpo,rr.ixQnrypi-li,rx o,rreMeHToB HapeBaIlHbteapN{arypHble3aroroBKI,Inoll.-
ilepl'al0Tca rlIyTbIO Ha CneIIi4a,i]bHbIX IIpHBOAHtIX CTaHI{ax C NieA/'ieHIlO Bpa-
r q a r o u l H N , r cpfal 6 o q r M A l r c K o M . f n 6 o . r u r t e c r a H K l l r H n a C - 1 4 6 , { n p u r o A u u
.rinfi ap[,raryl]rrbrx crepx{rreri A}4aMerpoM 32--40 i(tl B SaBl4crlMocr14 oT
}.IapKI{ CTSa.IH;r}l.vTire TOHI{i'lx Cl'epX{HeU Ha 3TOlt MaIIII'IFICOCyIIeCTB'XfleTCtl
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r i ( ) r o c r a r r K a C - 1 4 6 4 r f ) H c r c p x u n x r u a M e r p o u 1 4 , t . 1 4K. o ; r e l t r e r c a o r 2 , 5 n o
4 r ' s g a B u c u M o c r r . ro r u l l c , [ a o r r t l 6 o B B K a ) K A o M c r e p x H e .

oruepaquu
6) Caaoounbte
KoxtaxrHac crblKoBarcBapKaapMarypHblx crepiKHefi.,[,nn 06rtqHo
irjliiMeufleh'rbrxNIapoK cTaJIH U AHal\{eTpoB cTep}KHeBoIi aph{aTypbl Ha14-
Oo"ryi,meepacnpocrpalleutae nor'Iyql4Jra KoHTaKTHatl crblKoBafl 3JIeKTpocBap-
ria, a npn HC[o,'rb3oBaHHl{ CTep){rreii 6o,rlruux AllaMerpoB -- AyroBafl cBap-
Ki:l C HaK,tIaAI{aMi4nJII{ BllaXd'lecl}i)i.
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Tlilepitl-rucrof o oIIJIaB.lIell]4fl C rorerpeBox4' 3aK,nloqarcilIlll\{cfl B MHofo-
r\parrrrJru 1or 3 4o 20 pas) cdJlilKeitnu crblKyeil{blx crcpx{Heii Ao ,IlerKoro
182
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,qyru. 3axarr.{unaercf coapKa ncIIl)epbrB-
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' - :,2fl. npoAo"rtxiae'rcfl ctue Her{oropoe BpeMg I]oc,[e orr{.irrugerjHfl ToKa,
r 'i I --O-\paHfleT'Ct{ yCil,Tlie npiT),ill}ra. }-lIennHOe AaB.rrerIlrCCiriaTLrflrrp14OCa.{-
, !i(\'e NIbtx cTepxHeu 3i-tBHCIil oT KJI-1CCaCTAJrrl;TaK, il.ilfl cTa.[r.t KJraccOB
' , ' , r - \ - l l i o i r o c o c r a B J r q e r r p u r i e p H o 6 - 8 K e c f. M , u 2i l . r r o u { a A nc r r i K a .
-\lr'T0-it CBapKH tlp(:'pblBllCTI)II,lO['-IaB'Te]lileM Tpe6yeT tterlbulefi n..tro'i-
- : T O K A n O C p a B r r c l J I i r oc o c T L r K o B o i rc B a p K o h H C n p e p b r B t r r , r oMn J a B r , r c -
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-r' : .\lOu,lilOCTuCBapOqllblx MaiIIplH. flpa CrltxOBOfi cBapKe o[,'raBJreFrHe]{
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; ..cDoillero Korrraltra no ecer:l nJIouIaAI,r crblKa,
hcrrTaKTrrafl c'rbrKoBafl cBapKa conpoTilBrlleHueM npuroAlra ,r'inrjib ,I,,iI11
. - . : . - . : r : i i \ r a J r L r x , [ l i a M e r p o B ( n p e u r v t - V r U e c r B e i t HAo , ' t f l r r p o B o , r r o q r r o f ia i l M a -
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* ,:_:fl ]rou{HocTb cBapoqirbrx afrrrapaToir.
i-tsal)hBacM0JTb llpr,raTyprroii crrnrr KoilTaKTrtbrM MCl0AoM \{otiIr
nprrNreprro ot1erreHa lo flfllu6ar'],TbHOir cucreMe cJreA,y]oultrM o6pa-
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THJIboTliHI]OIO THTA.
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paciT-or'ro)KeHHbrx IIapaMLl 3,]reKTpoAoB,qTo 'tlo3Bo,'igeTBAB0e yMeHbrxr.rTb
lrfic"qoTpaHcQOpMaTopoBrro orHolrreHuroK q[c,Iy oAHoBpeMeH]ro cBapr.rBa-
erMbrxToqeK llepeceqeHlttr.
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erT 143 Bepr?rKaJrbHorori.rApoui.{d{nHApa co rrrTor(oM,npH)K14MaroI]InM qepe3
rrepxrrue r1apribres.rleKrpoAblnonepeuHnir ilpyroK rrpot)or'roKaK npoAo,r]b-
ilb.rI,r,rr rr3, BepxHefo noABlrxrrofo r.t HalKHero HenoABu)KHofo3,rleKTpol(O-
4epNare.neii Q rrpkir{pe[,'reHHbrMr4 K H1.rMnapHrtrrL,rr4 o.rrer{rpoAaMr.r.
I ( o n n u e c r n o o A r { o B p e t { e H HBo K , r r o q a e M b r x ' r 1 r a ; r c d r o p l \ r a r onp ocBB a -
poqHblX fo,nOBOK 3aBUCI{T O'r tluc.qa I]pOllO,'IbHI]iX ilirOBOJOK e Cert<e (paC-
l\{e}xil.v cBaporlHbll\'II1 IoJIoBKaMH Mo}KeT ycf iiHaEl,nHBaTbcE B cooT-
cTofll{fie
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n ceme). [Ipn HeAocraror]uorinoutsocTn roKa ua sa.Bo,leMo)KHorrpuBapn'
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Tpu oqepeAH, qTo Bbr3oBeTcooTBeTcTByroqeeyA.rrnircHiierrpoqecca cBapKI,l.
I J c e l r e x a s l r q e c K u eo n e p a q r l n B c B a p o q n b r xr r r a r u r r u a x - 3 a x B a r K p r o -
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roro Bo3Ayxa qepe3 3o,rorHr.rKoBueycrpoficrra. Vrrpan,reHHe nocr'reAoBa-
t e . l b H o c r b r oo n e p a t l n l i H p e f i ' . r r p o B a u u e A . r H T e . r r b r orrrr x a ; , x n o f i ] 1 3 t r u x , B
rIacTHocTLl AJrt{TeJIbHOCTI'I BK,IItOrleHAflCBapOqHOTO TOI{a, OC}itu,eCTB,{fleTCr1
{lu]'oi\{aTlzqecKr.lro 3apaHee oTpefy,'iHpoBaHHoMy pe?r(Hltv cBapKIl.
flpuuqHnnairbHoe pa3,q14qEe rIelK1y cBapolrriblr,ul x{a[rnHaMr4 aBTo-
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cTaHHax pa3Hbtx cHcTeM
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lt3 noAIrecFIoroycrpoficrBa B BllAe no,THonoBoporHoroKopoMbrc,,tzl, Fra
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KatoTcrr lta ueodxoAltMbtti maf iro BeprllKafiu. CBapKy KapKacoB nponsBo-
lrrT OAIIOBIeMeHHOqeTblpe cBapxlnKa l]pll noMot{H -Ilo.il,BecHblxcBapor{Hbl].
L{aulnrr MTnf-75, paSMeuIeHrtbIX no ABa C Ka}KAoll CTopoHbI .l"IaHHIIyJIt-
1;opa 6. llpoiasnog,llTed'IbHOCrbyCTaIIOBKII cOCraBJIfleT or ti Ao d KpynHbl-\
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u ilpniloaeorlb4oeo ceqeHuf
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cbr AJrfl onop JtuHnti cBfl3a, onop KoltraKTHoil ccru, ocBerlJTeJibHblx Marlr.
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tyr 6birb tIo,TyqeHbI Ha creui{a,rr43I.tpoBaHFIbIXKapI(acocBapoqHbIX N{au]u-
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()TfciibHblx apMarypHblx SreA]eHTOB.
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trbrX KapKacOB rpy6, qt{JI14HApHqeCI{HxonOp, CBali. 3aparlee 3aroTOBJIeH-

Pnc. 64. VcranoeKa A.[tt cBapxu IIIIJ]ullilpHqecKHa

Xp \ l a r ] - p l l b l x K a p x a c o B
,l -- nraItual:i5a craqrioilapHaE; 2 -- AtrcK Arfi 3aKpcnncHItq npoxo"rbHbtx crepxHe]l ap]{ar}'p..
Horo xapxaca; 3- KaperKa; 4 -pava; 5 tr 6 -3.loKlpol].BllfarcJu

Hbie iIpOAOJIbHbIeCTep)KHI{ 3a,1aHllofi ,[.,tUHbI B COOTBeTCTBI4I{ C npOeKTHbIu

pa3MeilIeHHeM r.rx B KapKace nponycKalorcf qepe3 cneufia,'IbHble Bry,{KH li
{ TarillOHapllo Ha CTa-
C K B O 3 r r b r eO T B e p C T H nB [ , r I a H t u a t i 6 e , y C l a u O n d ' I e i { } l O IC
Irulle, t4 ilepeAHuhlH KOHqaMr4 3aKpeuJItlloTctl ts cooTBeTcTByrouue IJ'l'y'rII(ll

192
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: -,1OTIlylO K Il"IalilI]ati6e.
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-:
rr Bx{ecre c }ier} :Ja}Kr4Nrr{or? A}]ct{. o4HOepelrellHo BK.Eroqaerct ABfila-
: --.rb KaperKH, Koropaq, nocretleHr{o nepeMeilIaqcb, orBoAl{T 3ax(I,lMHofl
:,:cK or nJraH[rar26br; ArrcK rflHer 3a co6oii npoAo,lbl{bre crep)KHH KapKa-
-:. cBo6oAHo cKor'rb3au{rre Bo BTy,rrKax ["IIaH[Iai'I6r,r. flo Mepe npoABn]KeHHf
- f o , a . o , r b H b I XC r e p x u e i r I I p o u 3 B o A n r c t l c i l l { p a , ' I b H a t i I { a B I t B K a I { n p H B a p K a
-roBo,loKr{ K nponoJrbHblMcTepx(Hfli\{.
d,rrn roueuuoii cBapKu Llcno,'rb-
r:.'eTCg CBapoqHafl IO"IOBI(a aIIna-
r,ararlrna MTnf-75. AsroMarr4sa-
- ; r f n p o u e c c ac B a p K I 4B y 3 , l l a xn e -
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Puc. 65. Vcrauosxa r,'IR
cBilpxri 3aMKHyTr,rx Kap-
3i,:: KacoB irprrMoyf orlbHoro
CEqCII}Ifl
I - seno,asuxsas uaguail6a
. .! - co t'Bapo{Hofi tololKoi;
i(r:- 2 - noaouxuaa nlauuaf,6a;
3 - apaBirbHbrfr 6apa6anl
4 - rrApoAoMKpar ,qns trepe.
JIBHXKT| nraHuafi6br; 5--
6yxra trpoBoroqHorl apMarypbl
TaKTOpCB yC, T a H O B , ' r e H Hrbr a
i xc B a p o q H O i 6l ra p a 6 a H e .
[1o rarolry )Ke npan]rfiny pa6oraror KapKacocBapor{Hbre MarrJnHbrAJrt
.r3foroB,[eHrffl o6r,eMHbrx apMaTypr{b]x KapKacoB npsMoyroJ'rbHoro (pnc.
'-;5) unra r{}roroyroirbr'rofoceqeHr.rrr.

2. 3aroroBKa o,reMeHroBHanpsraeilofi apMarypbl

a) 3aeoroaKa naKerol nposoJxo4Hofiu npndeaofl apuargpot
d/tn epAnnoloeo HarflJrceHufl.Ha creHdax
flpnnreueune Bbrcor{onpor{HoftHanpflf aeMofi npononoKi4 14 rtpoBoroq-
:rrtx npa4efi A"rIs oAHoocr{oro apMr4poBa1ktfl, oco6eHHo ueJrecoo6pagHorrpa
il3foToBJreHnr.l KpylHopasMepHbrxKoHcrpyKur4ftua a.nnurrbrxcTeHAax (75-
120 n n 6o,ree), KorAa yK,rraAKafl Harflx{eHr{e apMarypbr npor.r3BoAfiTcrr
cpa3y Ha Bclo ,4"rluHycTeHAa A,1q rpynlbr u3neil]/|ir,u3foTaBr'[lBaeMbIxoA-
iJOBpeMeHHO Ua $OpmonoqHori Jrrl:Hr4rl. creu.u,a. flpn sToM yMeHbrrraeTcf
\'.I,e,{bHaq3aTpaTa TpyAa Ha onepatlr.tn no yKd'raAKe1.rHarrrxeHr{ro 6otb-
rlloro KoJrlrqecrBanpoBo,'roK (Ar.laMerpoM3-5 .ttu), a Hel436exHbreorxo-
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pacxoAa Aoporocrorrqefi BbrcoKolpoqHoii npoBo,rroKlz.
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OTAe,lIbHbIX npOBOr'lOK npOll3BOAflT, KaK IIpaBhJ'lO, f pynIIOBOe HaTgXeHne
rrpoBo,rroK,co6HpaeMbrx B rraKeTbr. fIpoeo,roKI4 Ha KoHuax rIaKeTa SaKp€n-
bl.\.1 .lrroT B flpoqrrbrx 3axr]Max, nprl noMoulr{ KoTopbrx npon3BoAHTcfl oAHo-
t l i BpeMer-rHoeH oAIiHaKoBoe Harfl)Kenue BCex 3,'leMeHTOB rraKera (uuc.uo l,tx
Ta- 3aBncHT oT Ar.raMeTpa I]poBoJ'ioK, MoillH0cTli HaTfl)KHbrx ycrpoftcre H Mo-
I ItII r.rier AoxoAr.rrb Ao 40-60 rxr. npri ALIaMerpe 2,5-3 u,u). B 3aBucr.rMocrlr
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13-187 IS
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..
4eii, a 4la 6o,ree KpyirHbrx Kollcrpvr(L(r.rfi- lrs Tioyx- u;tvt rpexilpfl.qirbtx
r . a H a r o l l B 3 I I a q H T e . q n u o t lc r e n c l t l t o 6 n e r . i a e r l r a K e r u o o l l a u f i e r . r r p y n i l o B o e
IJart)Kerll'Ie apMarvpbl, Ito3Bor'IECT noBbrclirb npo?rsBoAr,rre.rtbHocrh rp-vAa
n o 3 a r o r o B K e i l a l { e T o B I i H X H a r f l x r e U l 4 r or { a 1 C - l 5 l e no cpanueHHro c na-
KeTalln u3 oTAe,'rbrrbrx npoBo/'IoK AfialleTpottt 3__5 .m.tt.
ilarerlr rpoEo"rioKr N,rlr rpn4ell A,rq A,'ipnirrbrx c,reHA0B o6tlr{Ho saro-
?aB,lHEaIOTCfl Ha nvHttll, pacnoJlolKeguoli pqAoM cO CTeI{AOM,H Sare},I, [Io
ntepe ua4o6Hocrtl, ronatcrrcfl Ha JrlrHlro $opuoeanur; 9To tro3no,Tfler yrr_
p o c r H ' ] ' b K o H c r p \ / K r d l t r oc r e r r n a H n o B b r c r r r r , e r o o 6 o p a q H B a e M o c r b ( p n c . 6 - 6 ) .
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6Jr::r nco6xoAI'lMoro Ko,{I4qecrBa rrpoBo"qoK a,ra npn4eri, frporflrHBaHUL. r{X
J rt I ?n o ,n A tt

Puc. 66. cxeua ycranoBKrJA,irrr3aroroB*lr ''a*eroB npono,ro.rrrotiapMarypbl

/-.1C6enKa:2-trrnpae.rar,,gxe n o n f f f i r r :3 , 6 v I 0 _ f f \ B l . t L t : /*parra
5 -^rs;oBLrii 'poc: /- )craltOBr\[:
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v * AnaQparr{a; 1.1- fpy3; .12 - 61'y1e,.\gpaareJb: 1J _ HaTaxr{oe ycipo'ficreo

IIO 4,TLIHHOMy CTe,'r.[a)Ky He6onlrurrM ycr{JrlieMHarfl)Ker]fiffA,Iq Bbrilpgtt-

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J I e H Z q ,O T p e 3 K ag r z c x o n o f i n u n o f i I I J r H H O ) K r r H q a M H
Ha6paHHbrxB IIaKer
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npHAaHlietr Koii(aM IIpoBo,ro]{ Bo,'rHoo6pasilou oonl,rr,t rr 3ax{arr4eti
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saxulru);
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apMarypbr.
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, r u 6 o o 6 p a 6 o r K u K o H U o Bc r e p ) K l l e i i i { . p a 6 o r a } o q t { e . n o l l p l ' i l l U H I I yc a M g 3 a -
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3Ta, KaK I43BeCTHO, He npl4foAlla A,ltl cBapKll'

196
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198
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199
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200
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r.eilcrBne cr{,'rrrr}r{ecrt.r;oHo gaBHCItrraxxie or NouSurypauua HsAe,'txflI,t
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o A H o B p e M e H u o nt ie p e 4 a u e f i e l 6 p o t ' i s l n y d r r b c oHB A a B J ' r e H 1 r4rqa c M e c b c o r -
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AaB,'IeHae rrepeAarorcfl ilepe3 oAr.tn pa6oulrii opraH - rrpoSn,toul rc; r,'rrr
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poHbl orxpurorl ero noBepxHocrrl rpe6yslgs nprrAarb ror unn lruori
npoSnnu.
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I]plr crarlfioHapHoM pa3MeuleHr4anuopupy,ou{eir nrr,lrr"r (uranna) or-
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Aeiicrsfiel'I co6crBeHHol'oBeca II AorroJrFrnTeJrrruoro AaB,reHltf BcreA 3a oce-
A a H n e M6 e r o s n o f i c M e c un o M e p e€ € y n ; 6 1 n r " n " " t
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l,repe 3ano,'rHelrr]fi ee 6eroHr.rolicruecln (uero4 cxo,'rb3ffurerc(topuoeanian).
llpia ropusoHraJrbHor\,r pa3N{errIeHHn Qopmu eu6porurauir cKolb3ur ro Bep,-i-
luefi rpauu tpopnayeuorousAeJrnfl,rrpHqeMnorolKeHr.rerrrraMrra Srrxcupoaa-
Ho Iro BepruxaJru orHocnTe,'rbno eepxuefi Kpox{K[ (u.ut 4ur.lura) Sopr,ru.
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[oBblBaHHe 3aAaHHoro npoQnrn H3neJrr4nAocrr4faeTCr Aono/'nrHTeJrbubr[.r
AaBJreHaer\{ ua 6erouuy}o cMecb, Koropoe co3Aaercfl noA Aer?creneMco6cr-
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JIeHItttHa Hero. !,an.nenne 3To [oJlHocTb]o BocnpHHLiMaercfl6eroHHcri cnte-
c b l o , t r o c K o , r b K yo H a r { a x o A u T c qB 3 a M K H y T o rn{ p o c T p a H c T B eo,r p a r J u q e l l H o x r
AHltuIeM,6oxoellNiH creHKaMI{$oprtru h cKoJrb3slqeuez6pon.rruloi.iurrarrrna.
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fpaHblo (n rlor'lo)t{eHHuSopuonar-iun) gJrrl c Bbnrlratr{rroBarr}rbrrvt ripoSH-
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no.nrHefiuoriaunyxnori H,'rHBofHyrofi noeepxuocrbro.
H e n o c p e 4 c r B e H H o ec o n p 1 4 K o c H o B e H rn{ue6 p n p y r o u r e f i n n n r u c 6 e r o u -
goli cueclrc, LI3MeHfxJu-teit no ltept' y[,'loTHeHLtr{ cBor.rpeod'rorHqecKi.re cBC]j-
crBa It ynpyro-MexaHfiqecKr,rexapaKTepr|crwKvt,o6yc,roe"runaer c,rorxnr,rii
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lroli clreclrc. 3ro ssaurraoAeficrBHe, uiMeHfl}oqeece ncr npeuerru, ltoJrlriHc
ylll{TbrBarbcf B na.paMerpax Bn6parinn r,r Aorro,'tH}ire,rbHofoyfi.rror]leHllff.
c r a q u o H a p H o e n n 6 p o n r r a M n o B a H u e .P a c c r r o r p 1 4 Nv, r . . r o l g e s u e e H 6 n o -
r u r a M r r o B a H H enMp r . lQ o o N o n a u n r rl r s , ' l e a H H n : y v e l r e r r r r ox < c c r x u x t i x e c r -
KIax 6erouultx cMeceri, npuo6perarcIldlrx cnoco6socrt pa3x{r{xiarbcfl rroA
AerlcrBr.reMr]HreHcvBHoir sil6n auuzl.
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nu6pnpyrcullii urar,ln, ycraHoB,'reHHurirra v"ro)Ker{rryoe rfopiuy 6erourryi'o
cllecb, paglKa)Kaer ee noA 4eficrauel,r co6crpegnofo Beca trr'ir.r l[orroJtntrl'crrb-
Horo AaB,'renufl,norpyx<aercr e 6eroHHyxt cNtecb, BbruJTaNrrroBbrBar lre06-
xo4lll.tltii npoQil.nu H3AeJII1fl. Pa:xnxer'tgas 6erouuar cntecb B coorBercrBnll
c 3 a r { o H o Nf rl a c x a " r q B b l T e c u f l s r c ae H 6 p o u r r a M r o L {u 3 r e x n r e c r $ o p n r r r , r { e
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pa3oBaHbrBbrcTynaHlulrleqacTti n3[eJtufl; npoHcrojirrT nepepitcrpeAer'reHr4e
c N I e c un r p o p u e . C x e l r a c r a r l u o H a p t r o r oe n 6 p c r r i r a t t t r r o B a H f ni rpr u g e A e l r al a
pnc. 72,a.
212
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213
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;
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bo,ree s6$exrttaHL,rlttt A,rfl rtoBepxHo'
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Kocrr,r (150-200 cerc), He o6,raAaroulne
cnoco6riocruo npuo6Dcrarb, reKyliccrb Aa.
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ss CJIyqaflx IIe,'IeCOO6pa3IIO
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PHc. 73. BntnHue coorltotueHrifl Be. Froro AaB,'reHraa (150-20A ec,lcn2) u coor-
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219
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a ror'rbKo x rie6onluofi qacra ee BAoJrbo6pasynuleri Narra, no eceir ero
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n.rrorHor.rKoMrraKrnoe $opnryemou o6ter're 6erona, n npouecc ynJrorHeHfifl
6 e r o s s o i i c M e c n B u e J r o Me u r e ] r e g a B e p [ r e g ( n e . n e u n ec - e o a o o 6 p a s o n a n u a ) .
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H O I O B , ' I H ' I H I 1 f l I ] D I , I C T E H O q H O I OT D E H H f l .
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eJ'rKo3cp-
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o6xoAHrr,rorp[\,reHflTr] noclolisoe $opuoeanue, roAaBafl cMecrr T,oHKuMI4
c.rrofMH.vcu,rufl npeccyrculero AaBJTeHI-Ifl MOryr 6r,rrr, cnuxieHbl H vcJroBr4rr
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218
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6sr Azanaerporvr2-2,5 z u 6o,ree).
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uoti no4euxHocrr,r cuecl pacnpeAeJrrercrrpaBHoMepHbrM c,'roeMrro crerrKaM
$opnau, coxpaHas cnJrorrHocrbcBoero crpoeHr4fl .
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$oprvrlr e xpafiuee
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r opuonannq Kore6-
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$opruyeuori rpy6u.
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220
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221
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222
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^ Cxeua ycraHoBKlr A"riflBaKy,v\lupoBaHr4fl 5eroua npHBeAeHaHa pvc. 75.

J H a c o c r o r r r r . r 3B a K y y M - H a c o c ac x B r r f a T e , l e MB, a r ( y y M - c e r Hn, p n 6 o p o B A i r r {
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223
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i5-187 2%
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13 crryuae KoporKl{x crel{AoB i'I cu,'IoBLIX Qopu neo6xoAllMocrb co3Aa-

Puc. 77. Koporxnfi 6a,roqsltft creHA A"It H3roroB'

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1 -- pzrcffopHaq 6ariai 2 * napoflpoBoA; 3 - xele:o6ercil-
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HIrfl )KecrKHx ynopoB ilo ropqaM Qopu ll ycfi,'IeHHeB cBssl{.c.TIy,T.:1-

KOCTII HX KOHCTpyKiU.In IpI4BOAI'IT K noBbllxeHfiOli yAe"IbHOr MeTaJIJIOeM'
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6orastr u npt4MeHstorctt KOHCTpyKUI{fi TaK HasbIBaeMbIX 6aIOqHbIx H
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JrO)KeHHyr.o BAo,'lb OCI4 CTSHAa pac[OpHyIO 6a,rry XeCTKOTO CeqeHHfl
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Puc. 79. Odurufr BI'IA HarflxHblx
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228
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230
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231
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:t,35; El -HopMarr.iBnsrii nroily,rr ynpyrocrlr apruaiypuofr cranu, E!:2.106 rcecfcn2.

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pa Ha ropr{e $opnu u auxepuoli roJroBKOI? Ha KoHue apMarypHoro crepxHrr.
Lliari6u HMeror Brr,'rorrHbrfi Br,rpe3,npil noMoIrII{Koroporo aafi6a HaAeBaercfl
H a c r e p ) K e H ba p M a r y p b r ,B b r x o a f f u r a ts)al n p e A e , l u $ o p t t t s t .
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noBepxHocTnMLI aHKepoBA,'Itl Bcex crepxuel:l apMarvpbl.
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HaTfl>KeHAH aprvraTypbr ocyqecTBJ'IfleTcqBHe $opu ila cral{LloHapHoMfi cne-
rlrlaJbuo o6opyAoBaHrroMnocry, Ilocr'rer{eto crepxHu B HarperoM cocrorlnllri
232
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fipn HarpeBe eHe $opnrn yBe.rrHr{eHHe AJrrlHbrcrepxuefi B HarperoM co-
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o6,rer.lurl yKJraAKy crepxueii apMarypbr B Br.tJoqHbre yfiopbl
: . : r : \ i b rr, . e . L l r : A l + 4 *:.5.u.u.
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233
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g,rreKTpOHarpeBaTeJIbHyIO yCTattoBKy- Ca,lbt ToI{a, }lallptl;'Kellufl,rpe6yeltOri
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qe't,
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VcraHcsxa AJIfl g,'IeKTpoF{arpeBacteprxHeit apMarvpt,I pas},leuraerca
n5,iusn ,'urHH14 rpopuonanlrr KoHcrpyxuufi, o6uqso napa,'L'Ie,llno eri, c re\l
rt'ioobl ylireHbui4Tb paccroflHr{e I]epeHocl(g HarperblX crepxneti x tfoprte.

Puc. 82. Vcrauoexa .{"qt HafpeBa 3fleKrplirtecKl-tll. roltoM oAHo'

BperleHHo rpex apMarypHblx creplKHeu
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pd ,trng apvarypttutx crepxueff; 4 * crpcrKa ttttlttraropttatt: 5
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1,t --npyxuHa Bo3Bpara 'rerexKtr; '12- apMaryphble crepitull

B 'r'Cranoere OAHoBpeMeHHOMox(er HarpeBaTbgfl 3-4 CTepXFIx' RKr'Iloqae-

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Ha pnc. 82 npnee4eua cxeMa cralruoHapHoii ycraHoBKn Arl oAIIoBpe-
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BO6O)KAaIOT Hafperbre cTepxHlr, u orin cHI4MarcTCi{ CO CTOJia ycTaHotsKII.
,44
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236
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237
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238
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239
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16-187
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fnaea 19
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16.' 243
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nlaAql(, co6upaeMbix rls AByx pflAoB yHr4pur{HpoitaHFrbrx eu6po6.'ror<on.
B o c r r . r r r o u H a ne u 6 p o r n o x l a A K a c M - 8 6 5 ( p a c . g 2 ) n p e A H a s H a q e HA ar r i
$ o p r r r o e a H u fcl p e A H r . { n
x o B e c \ , ' H n o p a 3 M e p & Nur 3 A € r ] r 4 i l - A n u H o i i A o 6 , 6 , u
u ru4pnnofi Ao 2,2 u. Bu6pounoqaAKa co6paua ri3 BocbMu AnvxBa,rrbHbrx
n u 6 p a r o p o n ( n o u e r u p e B K a ) K A o r up f l A y ) : H l l o c r y ' c r p o i l c r n o A r . r f l r r e B r u a -
TaqecKofo Kpen,'reHl,tfl rpopur,r K nJtoulaAKe,ocVUIeCTB,qfieMOfO c n.v,rrrlTa yn-
p a B " r e H l r qo A H o B p e M e H Hco n y c K o l ' l n n 6 p o n " l o u { a A K Hn p a 6 o r v . n s e s u a r a -
t]ecKr4enpnx{r{Mbr kMemr no .qBa KproKa B Kar{AOM nn6po6;loxe, r(oropbtc

Plrc' .93..l,nyxpaauan15-r nu6ponnoyffiri-rayuri$uuuponauusrxen6po6.roxoB,

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JK- - _ l ! ] l B a l r b H b r i l
ea6parop rt6po6loxa; Z - rpnxuMHoit 3rer(rpoMarHflr 4al xpen.reHna droprusl
J - paMa; .l -, onopHafi pa[ra; j
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,[a]rHblq EaJr;7-Ma"rbrii crrHxpcntrBarop; B-6oJbruoil cuHxpouri3arop; 9-3,rexrpoABrrarerg

npnx{t4MaroTcflcX(arbrM Bo3Ayxolvrx pe6parrn}KecTKocrr.rfioAAqna 6opul,r.

f l q r H a A q a r r { r o H H a f ln u 6 p o n , r o u l a A K aM a p K H6 6 9 l - C ( p u c . g 3 ) , c o i r o x -
II{afl H3 l6 yHuSr.ruupoBaHrrbrx eu6po6,roxon (no ooceub B Ka)^r{AoM pflAy),
npeAHa3HaqeHaA,'rfl $opntonauar{ A,/rlrHHo[repHbrx KolrcrpyKrlrirt rnnnorl Ao
13,5 u n ruupnuor?lo 2,2,u. fl"lou{aAxa csa6xerra .Tcrpofr-crBaMr.t AJrrro,ire}(-
T p o M a f H l r H o r o K p e n , { e H u nQ o p m . f l p n r a x i l r r r e 3 . r r e K r p o M a r H H r by rc r a H a B -
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noAAoHa $opnau. O4uonpenreuuo c BKr'rK)e€Fur€M Bfi60on,'rou{aAKnnpo-
nycKaerc'I ToK, feHepl'lpoeaHHlttiBLIIIpflMI{TeJex{, qepe3 Kary[tK[i lvrarr-rHToB,
KOTOpbre npHTrrrr{Ba}or$oprvy r nu6po6,loKy 14nportHo }-.[,epx{rrBaror ee Ha
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H r . r r o BH o r I 4 X K O " r y H q e C THBaae A 6 p O n n O U I a A KC e .A n a l p f l r f l i K e H t r f l c n a p e u -
HbIX 3,{eKTpOrvIafHHTOB B CTairrapruux en6po6iroKax cocraB,'rEer3000 rcac.
f l p u a c n o n b 3 o B a H H l ,n o A o S H b r x c n o c o 6 o e K p e [ , r r e H r r rSr o p n c o x p a q a e r c f l
B p e M f l ,3 a r p a q u B a e l r o eH a y c r a H o B K V$ o p v r , i r r a n l r 6 p o n . l o u l a A K e6, r a r o r l a -
pfl r{eMvee npog3BoAnre,rrbuocrb \ro}r{er 6brrb noeLrrir:'rra.
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n,lrolllaAoK Kor'tcrpvKr{trH BHtr1}{CrporaA0pnarua ri I-urrpocrpox{NIaill
npnBeAeFrb s rr a 6 n . 2 l .
248
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l t l e l t o f uo s L e r K Bf ,J t t , .l 3XI 3 x 2 , 3 l u , u * r ,|,, r , r * r ,|,, u , u * n , u
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ts BI{AEYNPYIIIX,/IOCTATOTIItO iKECTKHX NPOK,'IATOK, }IAilPUMEPB BHACPC3HHbI
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r 0 a u { e H i . r3e" l c K r p o / I B l laf T e , r r e i rP. a M a n u 6 p o c T o , { ao n H p a e r c f lq e p e 3A B e n p o .

249
Kilap:Krl Us rexunqecKoi.:i pc3riHr,r (pa3Mepohl B rl.l3llc l]000x220 tt,it rr ror-
u{LrHoia20 na\ Ha tiltNtiitoto oltoptiyto pail{y. Ba6pocroJl fle).l{Ilr IIe cBo6o.I(l-i0
Ha pe3r4HoBLIX I1poKJraAKax, a c ueJrb]0 o(lecleqeit;tE yc'rOiit]llill'Ix, crpof0
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Puc. 94. Bu6pon,rouaAKaira ynpyrux npoK,rar.Kaxc nr.r6poy;iapublM

pe-
)KrlMoMxone6anui, tpy3onoAteMHocrr'3 r
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- 5 - npyxuHbr AJr xpenreHHq ytrpyrux npoKnaAoK; b - qlopMa c ti3,nenueM;
7 * BepxHsfl npHfpy3oqHafl flrH?a

xJraAKaMcucreMofi c[l4paJrbHbrxnpy)KIzH (r g.arinomcnyqae BoceMbxr). no-

A06paHiibrx rlo pacqery; cr"TIayAapoB BuSpocroJ'IanoAAae'rcrl pcryarfipstr-
HAro nyTeM tioA'i'flfLIBalil.ifl npy.)KI1H.

4. Bra6potpoph{y}oull4eycral{oBKll c pe3oHaHcHbIMl4
npO.I|OJIbHO-rOp u3 OHTaJI bH I'l M M KO&e 0 aHI'lq M I'!

B noc,reAHee BpeMq HaxoArir rrpr4MeHeHizeIJa npaKTI4Ke IIpliHIlLInHadTbHo

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6anox, cBafi, TouKocreHHblx u3AeJ[iIl i.I rir'IIlT He6orblxol? ronu{l4llbI, tpopntye-
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uori xecrxocr[, ]\{oxiHo 3HaqureJbllo cHIl3I4Tb r{era.'l.loex1Kocrb BI{6poSop-
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eu6ponnoqaAoK. PesoFlaHcilbtfi ( rl,ru 6nnspe3oH alicLlblii ) perr<arl Ko,re6a Huil
IlO3BO"IIfleTCYxIeCTBellrlo CHI,l3l4Tb!'CTaHOBJIeHHyIoNiOIUHCCTIT 3,TeKTpOABHra-
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250
3ulr(Hbrx (2-4 cn ocaAr{fl xoHl'ca) n vivrepeFrr{o N(ecrKHx (30-60 cerc) 6e-
rotrFrbrxclteceii HaxcAflTcriB nDeAexa\ 0,6-0,9 "NJrilpn riacToTecooTBeTcT-
3r'ililoor 3000.ro 2ctJ0rcrtnf:tttu.
C x e n r a n i l 6 p o c p o p n ' r y r c u 1vecrri a r r o o K n c r r a n p a B i i e r r u L r , rnnp o A o i r b F r o - f o -
ltr3oHTa,'rblrblr\,IH pegoHaHcHbrMlr xo;ie6anririN,IltrpLIBeAeHaHa pt{c. 95. Vcra-
:ioBr(a cocToHT ua nu6po6,roKa--- ricTorrr'rHKa eoa6y>x4euuf HanpaB/'reHHbrx
xo"re6auuri, pa3[,reuleHHoroB Topue vcraHoBKri, Nrexar]il3trra3a]KHMa A,'rfl
,rKecrKoroKpen,reHHff$oprun r en6po6,,ioKy u HecKonrxdr orA,e,'rbt{brx fH6-
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pbrx ycraHaB,'rnBaercflQopua. KaiKraq onopa cocror.rr r43 [apHbrx croer(,
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HIrr- aN{OprHsaTopbr, Ae,larculrleoncp}r rn6r<ori.

Puc. 95. Cxeua nn6ponnoulaAxu(su6-

poQopuyrcrueii ycraHooxu) c- npo-
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rrn, rpy3onoA'bel{Hocrb ao 10 r
a - o6qur:l BIA ycreHoBlcr; 6 - Brr6ponprr-
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li-6opMa c 6eroHHofi cMecbrc;4-xecrxorl
KnuHoBoe coeAffHeHfe $opuar c Bil6poroioB-
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T O p b I C I O p I I 3 O H T a I b I I OI r a t r p a B I e H H L I M i rK C -
, r e 6 a H l I a u H ; 6 - p e 3 o H a r o p H a f ln r r r r a ; 7 - - i r a -
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253
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r{To6br pa6ovue Mof,rn 6H errnoeuRm neo6xoAIIMLIeonepaqrlr, HaxoA,scb

255
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256
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257
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BecKa: 3-KotrtrnbHtrK: 4-ynJorHxotrlafl n J I I l r a
Bn6poHacaAKa; 5-AByxBanbHhte Blt6paropbl; MO)KHO CMflrquTb ycTaHoBKoIl Ha
6 - BuHToBoii MexaH13M uoJrEMa 3acroHKu;
7 - 6ynxep co cMecblo; 8 -JeHTocHblfi nurarerbi yrracrKe 6erouupoaauna rloApecco-
9 - 3afJaxntsamnlee ycrpofimso; 1, - OopMa: peHlrofo ocHoBaIILIflHa npy)KHHHbIx
./1 - cleMHbrrl noaAoH xotrHtbHHKa; /2 - onop"
HLlil- cro,rilK Anfl caeMa no,[,AoHa; 1J - BH6po- aMoprn3aropax. flptttueHflIor raKX(e
nno utaIKa
riJraBaroufie nn6pouaca.u,Ki'I, He OnH-
palouuecn Ha 6opra QoPttltt n He
rlpolr3BoAflulue
- npH KaxAoM Kor'Ie6aHHH yAapbl no oopMe.
vnnorseHHe npn noMoxlu oAHofo ,'ururt nu6poHacaAKa (6es yuacrua,
HarrplrMep, nr-r6ponnoula4xn) npHroAHo A!'1fl r.IaJIoloABHlKHbtx [tr'l11 yMe-
peHHO X{eCTKHX Cnregeii, CpaBHl,tTe,'tbHO,'IefKO nepeXOAflUII1.XnOA AeiICTBH-
elr nu6paUl{Ii B pa3)KHxeHIlOe cocToflHlle, a TaK}Ke npl4 SopLoBaHHl'l a3-
.nennii orsocllre,rtHo He6OIbIlOIl ro,lIIIHllbl - AO 20-25 cn. B rex c;l.v-
qaqx, Kor.q,a CMeCb AOCTaTOI{HO)KeCTKat 14 Hy)KAaeTCfl B 6O,'Iee HHTeHCHB-
HOM Bn6poynIoTHeHHH, a raK)Ke npu QopMOBaHHH usAe,lnft c pe6part,tra
6OntruOli Bbrc6rbt, O6paUeHHblMLI K AIII{UIy SOpMbI, nu6pouaCa4oK ucllo.lb-
3yeTCf C AOnO,'rHlITe,'tbIIbIMyIL'IoTHeHLIeNIcMeclI, HanpllMep Ha BH6poll,{O-
u{aAKe; 11pg ororlr co3Aaerc; KaK 6bI ABycropoHllee ynJIorHeHI4e. f]pl4Me-
ponn raxOil $opnaonOuuofi yCTaHoBKLI A,rfl l431roroB,'lellIJf pe6pI{CTblX n,II'lr
noKpbrrlrri npor\{bllxJleHHbrx sAaHnIl pa3MepoM 3XG n (npn nucore pe6pa
40-50 c,u) cnyxur o n g c a n H a f l p a H e e K o M i I d ' I e K c H a aa n 6 p o $ o p M o B o q H a t l
ycraHoBKa 6691-C. K paue 6erouoyx,naAqnKa sroil ycraHSBKH noABelxe-
gbi nO O6e CTOOOgbIOT MeCTa BblAar{n 6erOguOii CMeCIi ABa HS3aBHCI{MO
AericrBVrot1IHx BH6poFIacaAKa, 06pa3ylou1fix BMecre cBoeo6pa3HblH Ko-
AJrfl CMecu (puC. 102). Bre6porracaAKI'l BK,'l1oqaloTcf notrepe[leH-
rrrr.rrbrrr.{K
Ho B gaBI,tcttMocrH oT HaI1paBJreFrHflnepeMeu{eHfir 6erouoyx,raAq14Ka BAor'lb
npo-
Qopmu, npII oroM BbIAaqa 6erouuotl cMecl't I't3 Konl{JIbHHKa B Qoauy
HCXOAT.TT HanpaB.rreHHo noA coorBeTcTByIOUI,I{ft BH6pOHaCaAOK. Tax, npH
nepeMetqeHllra 6erouOyKnaAoqHoil Ma[IHHbl B HanpaBJIeHvH A BK,lrcqalor-
Cfl Bl{6paTopbr Bi46pOHaCaAKa, paCnO"'Io)KeHHOxO C r'IeBOil CTOpOHLInO xO-

260
 . lla[rHrrbr, H rloA Bn6p[py]ouylo nr'rHTySToro HacaAKa BbIAaeTcRcMecb
: i;ONHJ'IbHHKA.
B Kaxr.rl,oMBH6poHacaA,KeycraHoB,'IeHbI ABVXBaJtbHbreBu6paropbl
: . - HeKoropbrMyf!'roM c[ K floBepxHocrn QopuyeMoro HsAervtl. Belzqn-
' -: r\lHeTur{ecKofoMoMeHTaua Ae6a"laHcax A;rfl KaxAoro Ba,'ra }IecKo.'Ib-
. , or.lHr{anrcfl .[.pyr or Apyfa. B pesy,rrrare npu BK"IIFOqeHI4H Bu6parr]-
::3 co3Aarorcq xo,'re6aHHfl:Kpyroslre 1 3a crler pa3Hocrn KI,tHeraqecKllx
r , rreHToB,o6ecneqHsaroullaeHanpaB.,reHHy]o BbIAaqy cMecn ]19 KoIIItJibH14-
. i i l o A p a 6 o r a r c u l n i i n u 6 p o n a c a A o K ;B e p r u K a r b H o H a n p a B J I e H H l t1e1 , n u -
-
-.rHfllourfle ocHoBHyro pa6ory yn,rrorHeHHr 6eroHa, Lr fop1430Hra,'IbHo
-:tpaBJreHHule III 3a cqer yrJra Hax,'IoHao", BbI3bIBarouIHccKo,'IbxeHltg
, , . ' i D o g a c a A K an o n o B e p x H o c r n y r J o r H f l e t l l o f o c , ' t o t t 6 e r o u a .
@opuoeanxe us4enuri ocyxrecrB,'Iqercfi cd'IeAyIoIIrHM o6pasolt. Oop-
ir,.olllafl MaIUuHa nocrTe ouepeAHofi 3afpy3KH ee 6erossotl cMecblo lI3
: - l
:3.faror{Hofo 6yuxepa nepeABnraercr{ K nocry $opuoBaHufl. Konunttrux
t , 6 p o u a c a q r a c u a 6 x e s s a r B o p o x { B B u A e c ' b e M u o f o n o A A o H a ,y A e p x ? I B a -
-irrnr 6erorrrrylo cNlecb B Koru,rlbHL{Ke, Ko.rAa 6eroHoyxnaAqi4KHaxoAllrcfl
..e Qopnrn. IIpa no4xo4e 6erouoyK,'raAqLIKaBnJIorHyIo x $optr,le lto!,Aoli
t:II"rrbHltKaorIIenJIflerca or nu6poHacaAKa H r'Io>t<HTcg Ha oilopHble crol{-
r:. pacrroJro)KeHHrrre y ropqa Qopuu. flo lrepe npoABHXeHltt MarrruHbi
:o.rr npu [epBoM saxoAe B HanpaBr'IeuuuA 6erossar cMecb Bbl-
-rercfl Qopvru
us 6erouoyK,'raAqr4Ka, 3arpyxafl HH){HIOIOuacrl $opuu.
.- : ' Kar ronlxo xpail KorrrlJIbHL{Ka nu6poriaca4Ka Aorue/I Ao rlporlli}oflo-
.:laiHoro KoHqa $opnru, BbrKr'rroqalorcflBce MexaHI43MbI6eroHoyxla4ua-
- : ' l f:a u oAHoBpeMer'rHo BK,Tror{aeTcfl e pa6ory nu6pon,roryaAKa, ocyu{ecTBr'Ifl-
: - 1 -:,uafl yn,'rorHeHne6erosuori cMecfi s HI4xHett qacrll $oprr,lsr.,[lalee 6ero-
h": I\-KJIaAr{l.IK nepeMeu{aercfl n o6paruona HanpaB,lIeHIrH, npH SToM
i--a lr :x.rroqaercfl n pa6ory eu6poHacaAoK c npaBoft ctoponu KonHabHfiKa I4
" l -fori3BoAr.rrcflyKaaAKa rro BTopoMy saxoAy H ynJlorHeHlte 6erosnoil cue-
-.i B BepxHetl .racrr4 Qopuyeuoro krgreJrvtr.3ar,raxusarcqt{e ycrpofictea,
,-1-l'
:.axoAflrqnecfl 3a npaBbrM nfi6pouaca,a,KoM,3arJIax{?lBaIoTeepxunii cnoli
: r i . : leroua n c$opmoeaHHoM v3ryeJrnn.llo mepe rioAxo.{,a 6eroHoyxnaArlnKa
:: .teBoMy xparo Soplru au6poracaAoK cxoAl4r c $opiutr LI Ter{Ka KOIII4JIb'
:ilKa nocTerreHHonepeKpblBaercn n.luroi:t-noAAoHoM,BpeMeHHoocTaB,'IeH-
:br]{ Ha croJrlKe y roprla sopntu.
3arnax[sarouree ycrpoficreo Ha 6erouoyKr'IaAqflKecocrollr It3 AByx
\L' ipvcuen (nux) A,raHofi Ha Bcro rIIHpnHy Qoprur,r:Ha Ka>KAoMus 6pyctes
-:,
-.craHoBrrenolto ABa nu6paropa runa C-483. Epyctx coBeplualor Bo3Bpar-
^io-ilocrynareJrbHoeABH)KeHfieB nonepeqHoM K xoAy Ma[JnHbI Ha[paBJIe'
.niri{,no 60 xoAoe s | .MurL.Benuqtlua nepeMexleHnN6pyclen B KaxAoM
:iallpaB,'reHr.rHpaBHa 3A nn. 3arnaxl4saIouIHe ycrpoiicrna pa3Meuel'lbl
a3aAr,rKax{4oro eu6poHacaAKa, coBl\lecruo c KoropblM oHIr BKJIIoqalorcfl
; pa6ory. llounuo 3ar,'ra>KtlBaIoruHX THXoxoAHbtx,rbIlK I'tcIIoJILsylorqacro
3pau-(arcu1filicq garraxnealou{t4it BaJIHI<Ha BcIo ullp}ruy H36eilnfl..
llo aHanoru.iHori cxeN{e pa6oraer KoMrtr'IeKcHannN6po$opMoBoqHafi
: .c r a H o B K a 7 l 5 l n p n S o p r r o a a u r r ; r p e 6 p a c r r t x n o I ( p b I r L I I in p o l r l t u r n e H H b l X
'pa3MepoM
::aHuii 3v-l2 ,u. B cocras eroii ycraHoBKH BxoAIlr en6pon.no-
iIaAKa rpy3onoAbemHocrlrc 24 r.

3. @opruonaH!{eH3AeJrufieu6pourraMnoBaHI'IeM
a) Cra4uonapnoe eu6poutrtnnolaHue
Pa6oqnm opfaHoM nn6poruraurla AJIr SopuonaHun npoQu.nnpoBan-
Hbrx cBepxy asAe,'rufi flBJ'rfferc.qltyaHcoH rrJrl4 rpyfina nyaHcortoB-tpoptuo-
o6pasonarenefi. Ha nyaucoHe xecrKo yKpeIIJIeHAByxBa,rtbHbtfiau6parop
i BeprnKa,'rbrio HanpaB.rIeHHbrilrn ro,re6aunq[4I'I. !,anneune Ha fiyaHcoH
cc\:[tecrtsJrgercs co6crBerrHblMBecoN{ irITaMIIa- tpaBltraqLIoHI'toe ,I{,8B,'I€-
261
HHe; c IreJbro yBe,'tur{eHHflAaB,'reHr{f rta 6eronnyn cMecb npnMeHqtor
iuTaNrilbrc MexaHHqecKIlMtlJlu IrHeBMaTuqecKHMnpl.lxl4MoM nyaFIcoFIaK
6erorr!. I'Iau6o,ree tlpocrbre KoHcrpyKqr.rnnn6pounaMrroB co3!.aror l,rHep-
ul{oulioe AaB,reuuc ua 6eron; npr.r oroM yBeJrnqriBaercflBec xole6nrou1eit-
cfl ciicreMbi eu6paropos rrrra\'rfla n coorBercrBeHHoyMeHbuaercrr BeJmqtl-
lra a\lrrJrnryAur i<o,re6aunri. flo:rouv qe,recoo6pasuee npnMeHrrb 6es-
Llr{epuHorrHyronoApeccopeuH.vro Haf py3Ky oT turaMrra, nepeAaBaR ee
6elonuoir cMecrr qepes cucreMy [py]KHH, pacnod'ro)KeHFrbrx Me]KAy ilp]irpy-
soqrioii nrlrroii n rrrraMnor\{.

, ! 1 2
7_h
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li=-;L---:';':;f,
)i;*,Tm*i;+,,j,\
Prac. 103. Cxeua craquonapubrxnu6pourraunoBpa3Jrr-rqHbrx
cr.IcreM
a - cu6pouravn rpaBHTarrHoHHbrftc [pafpy3oM H ur{epqiloHuofi nepeaaceii AaB-
reaur lra 6erori 6 -To x e , c 6 e : r r u e p r l u o u H o f i n e p e A a q e f t A a B J r e H u r ;e - - e u 6 p o -
{ r r a M r r c n H e B r { a r I q e c K f f r l n p H x t r M o M H 6 e 3 b r H e p q E o E H o rttr e p e a a q e i l . q a B , r e H u s ;
1 *AByxBarhHbrfi au6parop; 2- npurpy:; 3- nHeBMorlHrkHApbt

F I a p a c . 1 0 3 n p e 4 c r a B , ' r e H ac x e M a r p a B H r a u i l o H H o f o r f l r a M r r a ] . r r r e p -
IlHorIHoro H trraMrra c 6eslruepunoHHoil narpvsror:i ua 6erou, a raKX{e
cxe},Ia ;n6pouranrra c nrreBMarr4r{ecKr.rM rrpr4xHMoNr.lllrannrr,r c 6esuuep.
l:,i{ounbII\,r npnfpy3oA'r yAo6Hbr reM, qro ue rpe6yror yBe!'rHr{eHr.rr{ MorqHo-
crlt ali6paropoB Ha nu6poruranrne HesaBncriMo or Be,rr.rqr.rHbr npnrpy3a.
Qro6r't en6pauun paBnoMepHo nepeAaBa,'racbrro BceMy cer{eHr{}oagAed'mfl.
B Toi\r qr.rc,reu B Mecre npuMbrKaHnr 6eroHa K creHKaM $opusr, peKor\{eu-
A-veTcrIycralraBrrr.rBarb Qopurr, B Koropbrx ruraMlyrorcq HgAe.rrns, Ha
y n p y r o e o c H o B a H r . rce n p y ) K H H H b T MaHr v r o p r r 4 3 a r o p a M B l r .u 6 p o u r a u n c s a 6 -
xierr npI.rxrHuHoripeuerrlarorl n"'rrzTorl-paMxofi4na orpaHr.rqeHr.trr rro Br,r-
core Bbrcrynamltiux .racteri cQopMoBanHoro I,t3AerTHfl sa npeAer'IaMxIIITaM-
rta. ltrpux<uMr-rarr peuerKa cr'ryxHT ofpaHr.rqnreJ'reM Bbrcorbr pe6ep B npo-
u e c c e r p o p u o B a H u r r { s A e r n f i . O H a y x p e n , ' r e H aH a p a M e , H M e r o q e r l H e 3 a B r r -
cHMOe OT IyarrcoHoB BepTHKaJrbHoe IIepeMeu{eHHe,ri Mo)KeT ycTaHaB,'r}1-
Barhcr Ao HaqaJra Sopuoeauila ua gaAaHHyro Br,rcory, onpeAe,'rneMyro
npoQn"rrernr tpopuyeruoro neAer'rurr.llo oNoHqaunu $opuoBaHrTfl B MoMeHr
OTpblBa u nepBOHaqa"ibHOlO nOA",eMa nyaHCOHOBnpH)KlIi\IHafl peUIeTKa
ocrae'rcfl Ha Nrecre r.r yAep>Kr.rBaer 6eroHHyro cMecb B Bbrcrylrarcur4x pe6-
pax n3Ae,'rr.iq,npeAoxpaHnfl Hx or pa3py[reHr.ra.
Tax xax npre en6po[rraMiroBaHr4trcogAaercrr 3HaqrlreJibHoe cuen,'re-
Hile Mexny y["{orHeHHbrlr 6erouolr u pa6ounlra noBepxHocrrrMr.rrt6po-
u r r a M r r a , y c u , ' r H B a e N r oaet p S e x r o M B a K y y M - r r p a c o c ao, r p b r B r r y a H c o H o Bo r
floBepxrrocrn cQopnronaHHoforr3Ae,'rrirfl BecL,Ma3arpyAHeH. Cvtna, KoropyKr
Hai{o nptlJrox{ilTb Ar'tr npeoAo,TeHaac(elrJreHprq6eroua co ruTaMnoM, Ko-
,ne6"uercnor 100 Ao 200 ecfc.mznoBepxHocrH uBLeJrHfl,qro cocraB,rrflerAo-
B o " r b H o6 o " n r u y r o B e J r x q n H yn p a S o p n a o n a u n n K p y n H o p a 3 M e p H b r xH 3 A e -
,tltii. C yBernqeHaeM )KecrKocrr.I6eroHHbIXcuecerl cu,{a cqen/regnfl yMeHb-
maercn. !,,'lr yueur[IeHur ca/'r cqenJletufl. Lr o6refr]eHng orpbtBa eIl6po-
u r a M r r a r r p H H u M a e T c fpl s A u e p . K r r n c r y H X o r H o c H T c r r u e A , r e s u u r ? u
ti;ianHltii orpbtB BIi6poruTaN{traor I,t3Ae,'Iar,He cpa3y no scerl rrrouIaAu
crlenJreHllfi,a no Bo3Mo)r{HocTI,t B oAHot?raxofi-,rm60 qacrH lxTaMila, c Te\i
qTo6l'r AaTb Bo3x{o)KHocTb Bo3Ayxy npoHHKHyTbB goHy Ko}lTaKTa Nre)KA}'
6erouolr fl pa6oqer? noBepxliocrblo luraMna.
oc.q
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3ror meroA ocyil{ecrBJrflercn $opmoBoqHbIN{u xtauilHarIIl, B Kol'ollrtx

:.i1lr.ru yK"TaAKu, pacnpeAe,'IeHUfi rt yn,'IOTHeHilfl Seroiluori cMectl c cJ.-
: . . \ r e H H b r M n p o t l r u ; r u p o B a H n e N { n e p x u e i i n o B e p x H o c r t i i l 3 A e r , r l H ao 6 t e -
:iibl B O,4rlONIafperaTe 11 nOC'IeAOBaTe,'IblloCOBCDIIIaIo ICfl He Ha lCeit
J-Ialll Ll3/Ieilt1fl, a nO qacTflN{, IIO IIepe nepe.II,Bild\eHllR Lfoputytouiero
: i a T a o T H o c u T e , ' r r , H o$ o p u l r I I 3 a r p y 3 K n g H e e 6 e r o u t t o i l c r t e c t i .
Cxo,rlsquee eu6pourraMtroBaltlte npIiMeHflercfl npeIlNrvrrecrBeFiHo
Qopltonaunfl TouKocrenHbrx nJlocKklx trJrlt rpueo,luuelint tx pc6pltcrltx
rpoQHj]14poBaHHbrx sJreMeH-
c6oputtx KoHcrpyKut{fi ro,n-
,'..oir Ao l0 ca npn Blrrco're
,:p ,4o 30 c-^t. [Ioro6Hurfr
:iHIIHII CKO,llb3flulelO nU6pb-
*;arrnoBarurfl rvroxter 6ltrr,
. : ! \ r e r i e HH e T o " r r b K o npi.rfoptl-
. : a . r b r o r \ r r p o p r a o e a H u r .Hr ,o H
: . r Q o p n t o B a H H rB. r B e p r u K a , r l b -
_\r no,'roxeHHu, HaIIpl.IMep
'.
rr $opuoaaHun rpy6 cKo,'rb-
: i JlliNr nn6pocepleqHr.rKoM.
@opntoeaH4e ocyqecrB,'Ifl-
: lJf Cpa3y Ha Bclo lUlIpuHy
,:.le,riltf, AJIfl r{efO pa3Mepbl fi
.:orpu,rr rpopnayrouerorurail,r-
..4
B rrollepeqHoNl ABr4)r{eH{K)
. ' T a x r I ] a H a n p a t s J r e r { r 4 HA o , r r } K e l l
, rcrBercrBoaarurporpunrc ro-
.:peqHoroceqenufl Qopuyelro-
Pirc. 104. Cxerr.ra cro,{b3tulnx ctr6pounananoa
, J HgAe,lr{fl. Pa6oqas rpaHb 4-Ura\rfl c rpaaxfau/oHHblM Dpllrpyfo\l: u-uralttl
' i t 6 p o r u r a l r t r a H a B p e x , r r rQ o p - c MexaHtrqecKHNr (trpyxlIHHbIM) ilpllxu\lo11; l-clionL-
3qu,trfi ulraMn; 2--AByxBanbHbli'i Bli6parop; 3-npy'
r,!oBaHfi tI ycTaHaB,'II.IBaeTcfl HaII xn1ai 4 -- Tenet{Ita; 5 - paMa tropraiil: 6 .- trpurpy:}!
: r -:{HrueM ; lrexaHlr-rv floaleva npttp)3a: J l)i1'.:l III)H-.rl\i-
$ o p u r , i H a v p o B F r e c, o - noro ycrpoilcrna; 9 - uapnilpnlte cror'lxu; ,/0 * BllHro'
ll m -'rBercrByroqeill To,'ru-luHeipop- BOft MeXaHH3ri nDUXllhla
-:.
:.:\'eMolo I13Ae,xLlfl,HeHsrretr-
:rO€ IIO RbICOTe flOJlo]l(elllle
4..- , - l r a r \ { r a H a B a A a H H o r l r } ' p o B H e o 6 e c n e q u s a e r c a r p a B H T a q i { o H I I I r t h {a , q p I M c -
i?HHQ€cKHM (uanpnuep, npyiKIlHnbll\{) npnxultor,t IxTaMila n 6eronsoii
: ) r e c H . i l a u r r a l r n e p a 3 ] , r c u a r c T c f l A l l y x B a " i b H b I e A e 6 a , ' I a l l c r i l J I ee u 6 p a r o p l t
:i a rrpaB,'relIHoro 4eircrenr.
fIp, n p o e K r u p o B a H u n n i r S p o n ; r H ' r l t- o c H o B H o f o p a 6 o q e r o o p f a i l a
--KoJib3flirlefo nrE6pouralrIla -- tsaiKFro oilpeAeJrrirb ee reoMerpuqecKne pa3-
:'repbI no A.lrnlle n o6ecnequrl ireo6roAulrr'rfi npo$fi,rb n,TI{TIJIB HatlpaB.rIe-
:jHrr xoAa (roplroeaunn.
P a 6 o . r a q c K o p o c r b n e p e : I t s r i ; i i e r n i f fI x r a M n a A , r q 6 e r o H H o r i c u e c n c n o -
;iagare,'reM )KecrKocra 40-70 ceK npHHHMaerct paeHclii or 0,8 Ao
1,2 uluun. A,'rs o6,rerqeHufl ;lBririeHHfi [ITaMna su6paroptr Ha lrirax{nvrc-
, { e f i n , ' r r . { r ep e K o M e H A y e r c f l \ c r a i l a B J n B a r b c H e K o r o p b I M } f " r o L { { n p u r i e p -
:io l2-15") K f o p l i 3 o H r y ' . B e . ' t t t u t t u a y A e , ' I b t i o f o A a B J i e H I { t it r l r a r , { r t a t l a 6 e -
roH Ao,'IlKrra cocraB,'rrrrl rlr 60 ro 80 ecf cuz rtpn noKa3are,Te )Kecl'Kocrll
crrecr4 coorBercrBeHHo N{eHee 50 ir 6o,ree 100 cerc.
Pagrruqaror cKor-rb3fiu{He err6porurairanL,r c fpaBLlrauaoHHiJi\I rlpHrpl/-
3oM (puc. 104, a) I-r rrrra\rrbr c ],rexaHHqecKnx'l npy)KUHHbIN{ npuxiI4NIOr{
rtro6bl Bec reJe)KKII cKoitEBti-
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263
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f r B e p n e H I { el l 3 A e , ' l H i i H
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npoQnnn), HeHecyilIr{enepefopoAoqHbrerIaHer'I14 I,r3 o6rtqHoro rqx(e,roro
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r.r ro,'irrlnHoii-ot 6 ao 14-16 cu r,nn BHyrpeHHI4xnaue,refi n Ao 30-
32 cat Arfl Hapy)KHbrxcreHoBux raHe,refi. Ha ,{eure Mo}KHoonHoBpeMeHHo
Qopuonarr H3 oAHoro I,I Toro >t<ecocraBa 6eroua rtecKoJrbKorunopasMe-
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cTrr or 3apaHee ycraHaBnr{Baennofina $opu1'rou.efi ,"leFlre 6oprocuacrru.
B xoun,rerr nu6ponpoKarHoro craHa Aono,'rHHre"IIbHo K HeMy Bxo,u,flr
6eronoclrecure.rroHlttly3e,'I u o6roHsuli po,'IbraHf c KaHToBare,'IeMA,'It
c6eMa roroeou raHe,'rl4co cTaHa LI rlepeBoAa ee b3 fopll3oHTarbHolo B
BepTI{Ka.ri bHoe no,'ro)KeHHe.
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noAAoHoM 4"'ra QopmyeMblx liaHe"neft,cocronr H3 n,qorHo npaMbtKarcIqttr
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l p o u 3 B o A c r B e H H b roxn e p a q n r t t r a o r A e J l b H b t ey q a c r K u n J r H c e K I r H H ( p u c .
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crxe oAHoir n rofi xe A,IIHHbI.O6rUar A,'IfiHa rlpol(arHofo craHa cocraB,'If-
er ll2 tt.
Ha nbAroroeflrenlHoii ceKrru14 ocyqecrB.Ilnrorcr aBroMarttr{ecKatl
cMa3Ka pa6oueft noBepxHocra Soplryrcqeft .lenru 1, ycrauonra pa3AeJII{'
Te,'rbHbrxpeex 2 Mex(Ay cMexHbIMI,IH3Ae,'tltgMI'IHa ,'IeHTe I{ vcraHoBKa
npon,onrlrofi6oprocrracrxu (a c"ryuae flepexoAa Ha uoettfi rltilopa3Mep
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naue,rn), a raKX(e yK,iraAKa n o6pasonaBlxylocfl Soptnly apMarypHofo
K a p K a c a 3 . C n a s x a p a 6 o u e r l n o B e p x H o c r t t$ o p u o a o q H o t l " l e H r b l n p o l 4 s B o '
:r: Al.rrcrr aBToMarnqecKu nerpo.laryMoM, pa3orperblM lo 70-80" c sa cne-
una,rlHofi ycraHoBKe, pa3MeueHHoft s Haqare craHa. 3acrHsl]lfiIi rlerpo'
'th ,laTyM B npouecce ren.rroBojto6pa6orru BHoBb pa3xl4)KaeTcfl Il BIIurbIBa'
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ctt pr 6erouocMecl,rre!'rfl,pacnoJoj.i{eHIJoroHerlocpeAcrBeHHoHaA ceKulleii
$opuoraHr.rflnpoKarHoro craHa. C1'xue KoM[oHeHrbI cMecI'I us pacxor-
uorx 6yuxepoo 4 uerpepbrBHo nocrvnalor Ha ,'IeHToqHble iIHTare,'Il'Ic Ao3l'l'
pyrou,aMr.rycrpoilcrnawu 5 u orrvAa-B IrIFIeKosltIl cMeclrrenl 6, Koro-
purt xx cMerrruBaerH Tparicnopllpver s 6eroHocl{ecuTer'lb7 uelpeprtnHo-
ro ,a,efictsuq,rAe oHH cMeuHBarcrrcqc soAoi.i.
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nocrynaer B cpeAHroroqacru 6eroHovK,ra4uaxa B, pacnoJloxeuHoro HaA
,'reHrori neptrerrAl.tKyJIflpHo ocrl craHa. PanHouepHoe pacnpeAe,'IeHIlecMe'
cH rro runpHHe $opuyloulefi .reurur B npeAe'rlax 6opronoli ocHacrKu npo-
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ru. Vnlorr{flercfl cMecb Irpn nououlu zu6po6anxu 9, ycraHoareHHoft no4
265
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266
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: i r x o n o p a x , n a K o r o p o i i c H u s y y K p e n , ' i e uA e 6 a " t l a u c H l t iet u 6 p a r o p c 3 , r t c I { -
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[Ipu rrupnHe eu6po6anKr.{ropnaKa 30-40 d,'tzu cKopocrn Qopuvrouleri
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15-75 cerc.
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,,'it.rtorHeHHoro 6etoHa, a raKx{e pefyJlHpoBaHI'le3aAallHoti ro,ru-iHnu sop-
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rroqn Spesrl 10, pacnonoxesuotl flapar,re,IlbHo 6erouoyx.'iaArtiiKy,Ha He-
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i c r p o i ? c r n a . O A s a x o , K a K i l o K a 3 a J I an p a K r u K a p a 6 o r l t c r a . H o B ,r < a , r u 6 p y l r -
utee ycrpoiicrBo He onpaBAa,'Io cBoero HasHaqeHl{fl,u cei{qac noqrlj Ha
acex Aeficreyrolllgx CTaHaXOHOcgflTo. BnaeCroHefo Ha cTaHax cogAaloTcg
o6uq Hrre s ar,'ra)KI4Barouliae ycrpoticrn a.
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ceKrrnro ren"rosorl o6pa6orr<u [p_orfl)Keirnocrblo60 ,u*. 3ra [nuua oilpe-
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rurpexuabonOft Ten,roBOfi O6pa6Orxu gltfl xepausuro6eTOllHblx naHeleii
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rennOSOft O6pa6orxu CooTBeTCTBeHHO yMeHb[IaeTcq CKOpoCTbABl]xeLIufl
(lopuyrcurer?nesrut.
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B npouecce ren,'IoBori o6pa6orxn caexecQoptuoBaHHble H3Ae,1utl
n r ' r o T l r o3 a K p b r r b rC o B c e x c r o p o H : C H H s y - S O p u O e O u H o l i J l e H r o l l , C B e p -
.\y - napoHenpoHHIraeMofintnoroc,roiinorl npope3IzHeHHoli,'IeHroi.rIta RcIo
ulipllHy flSAenlrs LI Ha BCIOA,'IHI{y CeKIII{I{ren,rosoil o6pa6orxu, a c 5o-
KoB- 6oproeor4 ona"ry6xofi. flpu raxux yc,'IoBI'lflx ocyurecrB,'lflerctl rali
ga3brBaeMbliixouraxruufi o6orpen HsAe,'Iufi6es e,'IaroO6ueua hIelKAV 1{3-
Le,'rueMH oKpy>Ka1oueiicpeaori. Bepxuxl neura 12 ABI{)Kerctl BMecre c
rr3Ae,,rr{eM 6,riioaaps cfi,raNI rpeHHfl, BosHuKaroulrlNIMe)KAy seii a 6ero-
uou. KoHraNrrrtrii o6orpeo Ao[vcKaer npl.rMeHsr! xecrNilit pe)Kllx{ rer{,/Io-
eOfi o6pa6OrKH npH rertlueparl'pe, 6,rugxofi r 100'C rr"tu HeCKo,rlbKo LiblLue,
rr c 6ricrpun (sa 30-40 ituH) non'beMoMreMrleparypbl e 6eroue Ao 3rofo
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iirri o6pa6ilrt<w 2 u 1 tt ro"ir\iqttrb 6eron c npoqHocrlrc, panuoil 40'- 50%
npoexruofi MapKH.
B u e , r q x r i p e A o x p a H e r r t l fcl B e i K e f o 6 e r o u a B B e p x H I ' l xc J I o t l x .o r l l c [ \ ' -
qLrBaH14rr r{ pa3pbtxJleHHrllpn 6utcrpou rloA'beMereN{IIeparypbl (|IoA ACil-
c T B H e Mn a p a , o 6 p a 3 y l o u { e f o c n B t t o p a x B , ' l a x H o f o 6 e r o n a ) n p H l { e l l R e r c r ]
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B c r ' r e A3,a c r a n o M p a 3 t \ { e u l a c r c f O l 6 f o I I I l b i f ip o . t l r a t l r 1 5 ; c x o p o c ' r b [ e p e 1 { e -
* B riurue AeficrB,vKlultlx tia p a . l e 3 a B O A C ' B n p O I { a r H b l X c T a l l i i : ' rrpc)1iHtIx r1'lol'leiteI,
^ < . -^ . i . - - , - , ,
paCCqtlTaHIlblx Ha CliopoCrl"'leHTbl i 0 . r t lq , J f l H H a c e K I - l J L i 4t c t t t r . . : t r o i i U I ' P J L ' U T T \ I I I U I T d b J I I L -
er 40 n.
247
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!,nuxeune HenpepbrBHoritbopr,lyrouefi ,qeHrbr ocyu.lecrBJrrercfl npi4
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craBd'Iflernpr.t Bbrcore nage,reri H3 Tfl)KeJrofo6eroua 2, 7 n 3 ,,', coo.reercr-
BeHHo 80-90 ttzfq. oLuaKo cpeAHeror{oBafl3KCrr.TyararrfiorrHafl cKopocrb
{topl,roaovHort"reurr,r craHa Br{ecro 3anpoeKrupoeauuoli 30 alrt cocras,[s-
e r c y q e r o M o p r a H r i s a q a o n H b r xn p o c r o e B l B - 2 0 n f u , o r u o g a x o e e $ u q n _
eHT HcrroJrb3oBannrr craHa MolKHo npnHflrb paBHbrMecero 0,6_0,67.
Sror nnero4 ,rrutub ycJioBHo Mox{Ho Ha3Barb ex6ponpoxarorv, n Aerl-
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pes tpopruonor{Hyro nenry) ABn}Kyxlerocfl c,'ror 6eronnori cMecr4Ha Qopmy-
toqefi JreHre 6es npn.rpy3Ka cBepxy. Becllaa KoporKHe cpoKrz ren,'roeor:r
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c U e , S b l oy c T p a H e H H fol T M e r { e H H b l xl e ^ o c T a T K o e{ r o p m o e o q r r u r ini o c r c r a r r a
cHa6xaercg vcrporicrBoM II.Jtfl AonoJrHr.rre,'rbHofo ylt.riorHeH14R6e roHir
cBepxy (rula nn6pouaca4xa), a raKx(e BHenpflercfl rrpeABapHrelrur,lii
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renncnoii o6pa6orxn r{ npoAo,rr}Kaernepeilrerqarbcflllo HeM]' rrpH noMOruil
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2,70
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rfAKe. foronas naHe,'IbIIo oKoHqalllll'lr e n , ' r o B o i io 6 p a 6 o r n u u a c p o p u e - n a -
. o H e r K e n o A a e r c n H a l l o c r I n e p x u e r o spyca; Ira SroN{ il c.le/{yrcueM sa

t,

Puc. 108, Cxeua ycrpoficrna ,u,nyxl'

rpycHofo cTaHa
:-nonepevHuii paspes; 6-npo.lo"rlHltil
:alpe:J y npHBor.Hoftu HarsxHoii craHuuii
-a.re;{eqHoro KoHBeiiepa; 1-tgrorag uent,;
nprrBo!.rraf crarrttf rtroRoit Il.trtl:
' HartxHaH cralruHfl: 4 - 6auMaK nof,'r-
.-a: 5-OopMa-BaroHerKa: 6-rpen.reurtc
roitMbl-BaroHerKn x trronofi ltenn; 7-Tfl-
foBas qenb llpuBoAa BoAHra

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J.)r0ilIeMy q?rK.[y. Ha nocrax 3 v 1 nporz3Bo,u,I.{Tcfl yKJIaAKa H Harfl)i{eHne
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KOMrrJreKTauna $opulr. vxra,txa B oopMy I{ yll,rlorHeHl{e 6erousoIl cMe-
cll npoLt3BoAI4TCfiHa IIOCT\' 5.
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refiJroBarr o6pa6orxa.
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fioJrHgeMbre Ita nocrax, H II\ \apaKTep llecKoJlbxo oT,'II,lqlIbIor onHcaHHbIX.
HeMeHeH TaKx{e pHrNI pa6orbr xoIIBetlepa, Noropr'tfi nputtrr paBFIbIx4
25,5 uun, a raKx{e IiB}reHeHa cxopocrb foptl3oHTa,{buoro n BeprnKa"IbHo-
r o [ e p e M e u e u n a S o p i v r b r - B a r o r l c r K n c n o c r a H a I ] o c r . H a e b t n o , t H e r { r { er e x -
HOJTO|UIreCKHX - c r o x T ornolHrcn
Onepallr4l'r 23,5 .l\uHi B TerIeHUe sTofo BpeMeHrz
$opnrul-naroHerKH H a \ t e c r e ; o f r a r b H b l e 2 . t t u u 3 a ' l p a q 1 4 B a n r c sa n q
reDeMelrleHIlfl
- C nocfa Ila nocr.
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271,
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npeAycMorpeHa noA'beMHo-orrycKHaa en6ponnoliaAKa, ua xoropor? ycra-
HaBJruBaercrrBarouerKa c $opuofi; nepxHufi $axrypntiri c.nofi ynnornrer-
c r { l t p a n o M o u l n n u 6 p o u a c a 4 x a . H a o r e p a ( n n n o p a c $ o p M o R K er o r o B b r x
naxe,refi, apM.rrpoBarrHrou Kor\4n,'ieKTarlr,tH $opurrr Arxfl c,leAytrf,ulero qlrK,'ra
orBoAflTcs nepBbre qerblpe nocra (ex"rrcuax o4uH pesepnuuii nocr); ua
onepaIIHH $opmonaHnfl H orAe,rrKHnoBepxHocru c$opuoBaHHbrx nase,reit
oTBOAflTCq CJreAyrOUUe CeMbnOCroB.
Ocrasuuecs rocrbr Ha BepxHeM flpyce ilpeAHasHariaForcqA.[q npeA-
BapHreJrbHora ren.losort o6pa6orru naHe.rreri,a l7 nocroB ]i14)KrJeroipy-
ca - Ha ocHoBuyro-ren,'roBylo o6pa6ori<y nasenefi. Taxam o6paeou, npu
purMe xounefiepa 25,5 uun o6uas AJrure,'rbi{ocrb ren.roeorl o6pa6orxu
xepanasnro6eroHHbrxnauenefi ronqnHofi B cpeAHeM 30 CU COCraBJrier
npuuepuo l0 a.

3. @opruonaHueMeroAoM cr.rJroBoro
nn6pouporara

Oco6enHocrblo aroro MeroAa qBrflercrr MHorocryneurraroe yttJrorHerrHe

cMect4nll6ptzposaulreMcBepxy B coqeraHI.tHc 14HTeHcHBt{blM
AaBr'reHr,reMHa
6erorr nocneAoBare,rrbHo
pac[o"ro]KeHHbrxsudponanxoB rrpoKarrioro craHa.

Puc. 109. Cxeivra rexHo,noruqecxoir

.[HHr.u]c[,'roBoro er6ponpoxara

Ilapauerpu nilOprrponan?rsH AaB,rer-ruflLl3Meufllorcrror FepBoro Ba,TKaK

noc.rreAyrour.rM coorBercrBeHHo HgMeHeHr{[o ynpyro-Bflsxux csoricre 6erou-
nori cuecu no Mepe ee yn,rrorHeHfiq.Mero.4 cn,rroBoro nu6ponpoxara ue-
necoo6pasHo npfi LreHsrb rrpt.r r.rsforoB,'reHr4l,r l.ts4ernii, o6n aAarcurtx He roJrb-
xo sucoxofi npoqHocrbro 6eroHa, Ho H 3Har{HTenrnofinJrorHocrbroero crpyK-
Typbl, a raK)Ke noBbrirreHHofituoposocrorixocrbrc n r.r3Hocoycroriqtzeocrorc.
K raxgm I43Aer'ir,rflM, Hallpllr{ep, orHocflTctr [,'rl,rrbr.q,'rt Aopof ttoBb]uleHHoto
KJIacca, 6opronne Aopox{Hbie KaMHH,o6nuuosoqsue n,rrrlTbrH Ap. Cosla-
B a q M o er . r H T e H c u B r ryone" r r o r H e H unep n { r o p u o n a u n u H a o r o M c r a H e n o 3 B o -
,rtfler flplrMetrqro.6eroHuble cMecH IIoBbr[IeHHoli xecrxocrn, B ToM qr{c,te
MeJrKOSepHI.rCTbre.
Ha p14c. 109 irpuBeAeHa cxeMa rexHor'roruqecxofi rrtHur4 cr,'roBofo
ra6ponporara EJrfl H3roroB.rreHurr AopolKHbrx [Jrr4r 6000X2000X140 u.tt.
floAroroa,'reHuaa {opua ,1 c o6uqHori u,ru npeABapnreJrbHoHanprxessofi
apuaryporl ycrarraBJIHBaercfl Ha nocr 6erosHpoBaHHfl c nn6pon,noilIaA-
xotr 2. BAo,ur,Qoprurr repeMeil{aercfl caMoxoAuuit 6erorroyKraAqrlK3 c orAo-
suponauHori no Becy cMecbro.Iloc,ue yKJraAxn r.r KparxoBpeMerrHofoB rer{e-
sue 40-60 cerc eu6pupoBaHuq cMecr{ Qopna nepeAaercfl ua re,rexNy 4 c
o a qefiHoM noHeericpe
n o A l t p y l K H H e u u o iei e p x u c i i p a - u o r i , ) c r a H o B , T e H H y rH

272
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18-1S7 273
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tUl4lllrlpa3iIIltlIILIe no gau6o,rluiea rpvnuocTit 3afior'tHl4re,'tH u no nonBLIlK-
ttocra 6erouHL,recMecr{.Tax, 4.nR naHenefi creru ro"rulsuorl 120-16t0
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280
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282
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n o A H H M a T o u { e f o c(fnl e p e c r a B H o f o ) c e p - 4 e r { H u KBa B e p - \ r J r . rqi ip y c n o N r e p e
npuo6pereHlrfl 6erorroM FreKoroporinporrHocru B riliiKlrL.)rspyce creH;
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I(aJrbHorocKo,'rb3flrqefoSopN,toBaHr.rfl; cMecb BN,recrec cepAeqHHKoMony_
c K a e r c f l H e n p e p b r B HB o H H 3 ,3 a i l O " I H f l fTl a r ( A NO
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r y 6 x a ) ; J i l 4 - r o p q o B b r i i u n p o A o J r b H b r iH i a p y ) K H b r eu q r l i d r o p u s t i 5 H 1 1 - t r p r t s o a b l K p J r t s o u r t r H o -
A h r f i n o B b r x r { e x a H H 3 M o Bf o p l r 3 o H r a r b H o r o n e p e } r e i l { e I i x H u a p y x H b r x u l n r o B ; 7 , 8 , 9 r r 1 0 - A e r a . r i t
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tta[vrrl Tor{Kr.rxcrerr Bbrcoroii 2,7--3 .tt c qacroll apNrarypHor'rcerKori fi
6o"rturnnr KoJrHqecrBoil{33Ka-r&i{iir,tx Ae'raner.i. fIonbIItIeHuas noABr{)KI{ocrb
cMecl,tnpnBoALITK nepepacxoA\. ueNieHTan yA,,rrHlleHl'ln cpoKa Tenrotsol:r06-
p a 6 o r K H ( n p u n i e p u o l 0 - 1 2 { ) , x o f f l i t l t o 3 B o , ' t t t enr o r ' I y r { a r br i ' t a A K u ey, , q o 6 -
H b l e , 4 , 4 q O T , l | e . I I K H. r Ii ] U e B i , l a I l O B e p . ' {I I O C T H C T e } I .
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y M e p e H H o ) K e c r K I l X 6 e t o u s l r x c \ l c c e i i , q r o n o 3 B o , r r f l e r3 H a q H T e J ' r b H o
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CTpyKTI4BHOMOrrroner[rr.r cJoiKHbr, 11rpe6yeTcfl 6oJree aHrerrcr]BHafl BH6pa-
I{trr AJifl yn!'roTHeHlrs l,i nepetrcu{erirrfl cr,recH B y3r{rrx upocBeTax Qopulr. flo
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, o npH HX
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I i C M B I I H } K H C Mf i D V C C .
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283
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c noMorr{brorroABecoK-aMoprr.r3aropoB. Ha BHyrper{Hrlr n Hapyx{Hbrx ruu_
rax ona,ly6r(n ycraHoB,'reHr,r_ABa pflAa MaflTHr.rKoBbrx
ara6paropoerrna c-4g5
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noABoAru{lil,rn rpy6amn B Hux r.r Hapy)KHoii ren,rougo.nsqueir;A,rrfl'ToHKH.\
creH Aocraroqer{ oAHocropoHHrfrnoAorpeB.

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Bogonpoao4HHe 6esuanopuue u,ra MaJroHanopHbrerpy6u Maflbrx H
cpeAHHXAHaMerpoB (ao 400-500 ua npu Arrr.rHe Ao g-4 n) usrorannnna-
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B KaqecrBe Qopnayroulero z yn,'rorHflrourero sJreMeHTa,cKo.rrbSflrrlerocHu3V
BBepx rio Mepe 6erouuponaHHg, cepAer{Hr.rKa c xouaqecxofi en6poronoaxoir.
sHerrnuri Ar.raMerp xoropor? paBeH yc,{oBnoMy (euyrpeHueMy) AltaMerpv
Qoprr,ryeuorlrpy6u. CSoplronarruaa rpy6a BMecre c sHeuHefi $opuofi-o6ej-
qaiirou ycraHaBJrHBaercflB KaMeperen,rosofi o6pa6orxu.
Taxile rpy6u nocJre rBepAeHHflH HaBT4BKH Ha Hflx cnapa,rluoft apMa-
?ypbr A,Tfi o6xarts 6erosa B cfeHxax rpy6n Moryr 6url raxxe Hclro,rb3o-
BaHbIB KaqecTBeHanopHbrx.
K o p o r r u e r p y 6 u 6 o " r l u : u x A H a M e r p o B( 2 - 2 , 5 t 4 n p r B b r c o r er c J n ) .
a raK)Kq s,'IeMeHrbtKoHCTpyKur4ri sauxrryroro oqepraHrjfl npflMoyroJrbHoro
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eiuuori Soplrn (o6euarixu), BrryrpeHr{ero cepAeqHHxar.r noAAoHa. Bir6po-
) ' n . r o r r r e H r 4oet e c n , n o c a o f i r r o y N , r a A u a a e n r o r in $ o p v r y , o c y u l e c r B l f l e r c f l
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285
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AaBJreHnfl, utr.p"ioro Ao 175-200' C, seAer x ycIIJIerIHoMy Hc[apeHnlo
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nepefpeBa napa, reM oHo 6o,'rbue.
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ABTOKd'IABAX HCO6XOAI{MOIIPITHHMATbBO BHUMAHI,IEBH!. B'I)I{YXI.CIO,HA KOTO.
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npofpeBa AoJrlxeH 6urr 6o.nlue, qeNI AJII IreNIelIrIIoro 6eroHa), u ero crpyK-
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ro 6eroga, KaK [paBi.{r'ro, 6onstle ro,'IUIHI{bI usAe,']Hfi II3 rtJlor}tofo 6erosa.
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o 6 x o A v u o r a K ) K e n p v H H M a r b B o B n i r x , r a H r . rBer i A n o p o o 6 p a s o B a r e J l f l ; A J ' r l r i e -
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!,nn us4enufi us flqelrcrofo 6erosa c qeJrbro yMeHbIUeHHri B,'ralKHocrlt
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334
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:roAtrocrrr l,iox.er 6urrl yxe Bbrr{flc,leH. flpn cpo.lublx ucllblrallt{flx nepiloil
ji,,lfl Bblqllc.rleHHtI Be,THrIuHIrl MOX(eT 6ltrr, 60nee KopoTKllM.

?) Konrpona Hecyt4eil cnoco6locru usde'4Ltti

B rex c,Iyqaflx, KofAa He Bce nepeql4c,'reHHbreBbr[Ie noKa3are,'lu Kaqe-

CTBa H3Ae,.rt{tiCOOTBeTqTByIOT Tpe6yeMbIM, npOI{3BOAIZTCgHeIIOCpeACTBeHHOe
i.ictlbrTaHtie S"rreMeHTOB,nOABepraeMblx B IIpOIIecce 3KciI"IyaTaIln14 H3rI{oy'
npo6HoIi HarpvsKoi? A,lq OUeHKI{ Hecyueil Cnoco6Hocrll IIo noKasaTe,rlfiM
ilpoqrrocru, XeCrKocTI4 n Tpel{HHoCTOIIKOCTil.llOpn4ox H Ko1nrlecrBo or-
6upaeUtrx g"qeMeHTOB.it,'Iq UCilbITaHI{f, Ber'IHtlnHa KOHTpO,'IbHbIXHafpy3OK
iJ cxeila ilCIIblraHus, a TaK>Ke CIIoco6bI o6pa6OrK[ no,'lVqeHHbIXp93y,1!Ta-
ToB ucrtttTaHHtl ocy[IecTBJIftoTCfi 1rO MeToAHKe' ycTaHOB'IeH]IoIl |OCT <Me-
rOttbr UCnbtTaHnfi u OqeHKI4 IIpoqHOCTH' )KeCTXOCTI'I1{ TpeUIHHOCTOfiKOCTH
rKcJe3o6eroHHblx AeraJIeIl c6Opnux KOHcTpyKUI{il>>,nnlt no MeToAi{Ke, Cne-
rlrlaJbHO npeAyCMOTpeHHOft B TeXHIiqeCKHX yCd'IOBI'lnXI{ lIOpMar'Itlx Ha OT-
J . C J b H b l eB I I J I t ' lH 3 n e r r H l i .
flpourrocrl 3J'IeMeHra KoHTpOJIHpyeTCfl nO BeJIi{qHHe pa3pylxarcx{ero
rpv3a, ;{ecrKocrb - no BeJIIlquHe rtporrE6a nOA KolITpOIbHofi HarpySroit,
- IIo BeJIHT{HI{eHafpy3KH B
X,ofi\'c6aelloli nO paCueTy, rpeqLIHOCTOftKocrb
ilio\ieHT 11offBJIeHIiflTpeIIU4H. flpa uCnUtaHHfX [,'lI4T' lraHeJIefi n HaCTIar'IoB
peKolreHL\:ercfl IIpHMeHgTb paBHoMepHo pacnpeA_eJleHHyrcrro BCeft nJIOIqa-
- cOcpeAOTOqeIHyIO FIa-
Arl Harp\-3Ky, a Airq 6a,nox, ilporoHoB H pgreJleil
l/a
fDy3Ky B BH!,e AByx rpy3oB, rrpI4"'roxeHHbrx Ha paccTorrHr{a .pacreruoro
npO"'rera oT Ka)KAofi On6prr sJIeMeHra. llpu ucnltraHI4H I'lSAeJIHIiS11XCHp)'-
eTcc ttc]teHT noflB,'IeHnq B HHX nepBblx TpeuII{H.

d) MaprcupolKau nacnoprusat(uneorosod npodgrcquu

Kaxroe H3A€r'tI4€,BblnycKaeMoe npeAnpl.{flTI4eM, AOr'IXHOHMeTb MapK}t-
p o B K y , H a H o c g M y l o n p g [ o M o I U I l T p a $ a p e r o B . B M a p K H p O B K ey K a s b l B a 1 o r c q :
dDL
MapKa rrpeAnpnflTnq-r.igroroBured'rr, aHAeKc (uapxa) r{3Ae,'rr.rfl no Kara,rofy,
IloMep 6paroauura OTK ri Aara u3foroB,'reHufl.
Ha xax4yro naprlrro r{sAe,,ruftcocraBJrflercfi nacnopr, roropufi gaBoA
B b r , u , a enr o r p e 6 l i r e , r r c . B n a c n o p r e y K a 3 b r B a r o r c f iH a t r M e H o B a H H3ea B o A a -
Ii3roroBuTeJ'rq, HoMep nacnopra (naprHil nsAe,rlrr.i) , nara cocraB,'relrilflnac-
Iropra, Frar.rMeHoBaHue rsAe.[uii H rlx yc,'ioBnni,luHgexc, HoMep |OCTa rz,ru
TexHIrqecKHx yc,roeur?Ha Aaunlrri BHA HgAeJrHri, Konuuecrso Hs.il.e,rl{ri B nap-
THI,r,npoeKTHbrepa3.MepbrHSAe,'rrifl, LaTa ll3foToB,'reHr1fl r.r npueMKLIIIapTHr]
OTK t HoMep 6paxonulura, orlycKHafi lpor{Hocrt 6erosa s rcecfcu2 Lr B 0lo
or MapKH 6eroira Ha c)Karae B MoMeFrrnpneMKrl, Br4A3aKJraAulrxAera,rrer?
H apMarypbr, noAre)KaulHx cBapKe npr4 MoHrax(e.
 ,'II{TEPATYPA
K qacrtl 1 uberoHoeeaeHue>

l . A r e c p . 1 o B l l . I I . B u c o x o n p o u H r , l t6i e t o u . f o c c r p o r i n l n a r , 1 9 6 1 '
2. B a >* e'rr o I IO. -Nl. Btrcoxorrpoqrrbrii r{e,'IKo3eptlucrttii 6eros Ans apMoIIeMeHTllblx
r o H c r p l ' x r t u i i . f o c c r p' fol i.t H : . 4 a r , 1 9 6 3 .
5." E'e p r O. @ r i s u q e c x r r e o c H O B b rr e o p f i r i n p o q H o c r u 6 e r o s a I x e , t e g o 6 e r o t t a .
foccrpoiin:tar. I962.
4. BoxcHoe f L l { . u A p . I l e t u e H r s r a B T o K i l a B H o r or B e p A e H L I ql ' I l i 3 A e r n q r i a l l x
o c u o B e .f o c c r p o f i i l : ; a r , 1 9 6 2 .
5.6vxesgq f . A . , , ' l e r x u e6 e r o n u H a n o p L r c r b l x3 t n o J l l l l r e , ' I t x . C r p o r i r ' r s . q a r , _ 1 9 7 0 .
6. E-r'xeau.l f. A., Aosx{I4x B . l . u a p . l 1 o p n : o a a r t u s t i ir e p a u s t t r o 6 e r o u '
C r o' o r ' i r r : r a r . 1 9 6 8 .
7. Bvrr IO. M., Paurr(oBu.r Jl. [{. ToepAeune Bq'<yuax npl4 noBbliletlHblx
rel{neparvpax. foccrpcfirrag.ar, 1961.
8.Bo'r)l(eHcl(ufi.A.,B.'E.ypoeIO.C.uKofloKo''IbHltKoeB.C.Mn-
l u e' p a . ' r L n b i cB r ; N y i l r u e B e u 1 e c r B a .C r p o f t u s A a r , 1 9 6 6 .
9. Bolx-eflcKl.rii A . B . u A p . E e r o H b t u u 3 A e i l p l t H a i l , l a l ( O B b l xI i 3 o J b t l b l x M a -
reprrarax. Crporius,uar, 1969.
1 0 . B o ! ' I x i e t l. n " f t ' A . 8., @eppoHcxaq A. B' n Cralr6y'rx.o B' VI"
l u n c o - q e l r e H r o l l y U q o n a H O B b t c B q x { y u { u e , ' 6 ' e r 6 r r l r 1 1 H 3 A e r ' I } l f l .C- r p o f i H S A a r , 1 9 7 i '
ll. lopabn C . C . C r p y x r y p a n c s o l i c r n a r q x e J r b r x 6 e r o n o e H a p a 3 J I H r I H b l x3 a n o J ' I -
HfireJrrx. Crpofi uaaar, 1969.
12. f o'pqaKoB f . V. u ap. noBbrlxeHxg nlopo39c1911o:ltj-6ttoua B KoHcrpyKqltqx
o 'p o t \ rb tt x . t e i lHb t\ H f l l a p o r e x H H qe c K H Xc o o p y ) f ie l l H H .- L T p o Hl l 3 A a r . l v o D '
1 3 . . 4 e c o s A . E . B u 6 p a p o u a l l l t b l i6 e r o H . M a m r n : , 1 9 5 6 '
iq. loBxsK B. f.'u' Ka ilcep . r l . A . K o n c r p y x r H B H o - r e f f i o ^ u g o , r s u n o u u l txtei -
p
- a u : n r o 6 e r o a B x p y n H o n a l l e r b H o M A o M o c r p o e H I ' { 1 4l .o c c r p o f i r . r s A a r , 1 9 6 4 '
15. KOacHtrir V . M . f l r o r l r u e f l 3 B e c T X O B O - n e c r i a HaH U e eMeIITHO-necqaHb a lBeT C -
K . r r a B H b r6ee i o H s r . C r p o f t u e a a r , 1 9 6 8 .
L6. JI e p lt H r P. flpob.;reur,l rexHo,rorilu 6erosa. loccrpoftuagar, 1959'
17. r\1 a ir ,r I ri P. Jl.' Serou ua xap6oua'rnblx 3ailo,'IHxre'rqx' I'IsA-so Pocroecxoro
r o- c . 1' i 'SH.- r r . 1 9 6 7 .
llupoHoe C. A. u Marr'Htlna JI. A. Vcxopeuue rBepAeHuq6eroHa.
C- -r"p- o i : i u s a a r , 1 9 6 4 .
i0. M; p o r o s C. A. n ap. Eerou' aBro(r'IaBHofo..rnepAeuua.^Crpoiiusaar, 1968.
20. M o'c x n tt H B. M. Koppo:nn 6eroHa. foccrpoii-trs4ar' l9^52'
21. MouaHcKHft tI. A.'n,rolrocrt u crofir{ocrb 6eroHoe. foccrpoirus4ar, 195i.
22.HeKpacoe K. ,[,., Tapacosa A. fI. Xapocrotlxuii 6eron fla flopr,'IaHA-
u'e r i e H r e . C r p o i i u s a a r , 1 9 6 9 .
23. flpbsseo,qcrno lr npnMeHeHfie xeAerflil Ir3 flqeuc?o-r-o6erosa. Tpy.u,n HI4I4XE noa
1968'
'D- -e n . 'Ai s. T . b u p r n o n a H B . B . M a x a p n u e e a . C r p o f i u : a a r ,
pofi C. ttl. H Poqx'f. C . C n e q n a . n o H u tuce M e H r b l .C t p o i r n : a a r , 1 9 6 9 '
25. Cara!'Ittt{n A. B. I,I Kotrloxos n . l . B t ' t c o x o n p o q H b l ea B T o x J ' I a B H bM l ea r e -
B,lxyqero' Crpoirxeaar, 1966'
'D' -f'i-ai ,Or b_r H a o c H o B e H 3 B e c r K o B o - K p e M H € e M H c r o r o
Cu*onoe M . 3 . B e i o u u x e , r e s o 6 e r o H n a n o p u c r n x 3 a f i o i l H u r e , ' 1 f i xf o. c c r p o i i -
r u' ^e r a r . 1 9 5 5 .
27' Cxpalrraeg E. f., IIIy6enxuH fI. @., baxiel.o.n Io. M. Cnoco6gl
onn e - r e , r e i r t i l c o c r a B O t s 6 e r o u a pas,rlruunx nu,u.rn' Crpottusaar, 1966'
'2S
CoDoKeo B. H. H Aosxttx B. f. Xecrr<ile 6eronnlte cMecu B [poII3Boa-
crne c6optroio xe.reso6eroHa. Clpoiiaea,ar, 1964.
29.'Cro.:rbHHxoe B . B . l 4 c c , r e . q o e a H unf lo m A p o r e x H r ' l q e c x o l t y6 e r o H y . f o c : n e p -
r o l i : .-iO
lar. 1962.
Crp'rir-r-.pa, npoqHocrb r.r .qe$opnaqnu 6eroHoe. Tpy^sr HI4HXB (no,u, pe^. Le-
c- -o-s-a - 1 . [ . 1 . C r p o r i r . i : 4 a r , i 9 6 6 .
31. l'ose's H. E. u Mnxafi,ros FI. B. Ilentesruut? rneil fi ero npuMel{erlue
s c r p' 3o1i t. r e . r i c r e e . C r p o f i u s g a r , i 9 6 7 .
c)peHx.r'.to H . l ' 1 . o c H o s H r e x H o r ' I o f u f i T t ) K e I o r o 6 e r o n a . C r p o _ i r H g ] r . a r1, 9 6 6 .
33. \irrepoBu.r M. ld. lrlRo$o6nnii qe'enr. llpoucrpofinsAar, 1957.
31. LleroecxHri I O . B . l l o n s x e n r 4 e n p o H u T a e M o c r u 6 e r o s a . < 3 H e p r a ^ n > >i ,9 6 8 .
3J. gepKitHcxnli I O . C . f l o n u r r l e p U e r u e i r H t r t6?e r o u . _ f o c c r p o f i H s A a r , i 9 6 0 .
3 6 . I - l n ' . - ro c a H t t 3 . H . V c a a x a n n o n a y u e c r l 6 e r o u a ' l 4 s A - s o A H l p y s ' C C P ' T 6 u '
,"r-r-r 'c3r r; ,.i 9
-U6 3l t. r . p v a u
IO. f. u Te83aAse E. 14. fl"rornnti6eron Ha uuoro$pax-
- rroiiHo\t 3afio,tHltre'te. <Ca6qora Caxaprlelo>. T6unucu, 1967'
q
3 g . L L l e c r o n e p o 's c. B. Ao,rrOsequocrr 6erosa. Anrorpaucaalat, 1960.
30. t.-' lr H :l o u .u. n. IlpoussoAcrso ricxyccrBenHbrx nopucrblx sano,rHfireneii'
Crpoiirr:,:.ar, 1967.
 K qacTu 2. <<TexnonorrlqecKnenpo{eccbl H3foroB,'IeHHt 6eronnux
n xe.rrcac6crottHbtxr3,r.c.lut.t))
'
a) O6iria;l

40. A"reKceee C. FL Koppoarn n:raurirra apmarypbl e 6eroHe.CrpofiHsnar, 1968.

41. bopilr h . M . , 1 1p u x u n E . 3 . n : 1 p . l l p o e x r u p o e a r r f i ee a B o A o B c 6 o p H o r o
;xe,te:o6eiosa (rexHo,n0luuecKrienpo(eccbl). <6yAiee,rlHax>, Kr.reg, 195!).
, 1 2 .B e 6 e p M . A . n , \ 1o , 1 q a H o e P. C. flpeanpunrnr crponreruoii Hll.qycrprill.
C r p o r : i u s e a r ,1 9 6 1 .
4 3 . B e 6 c p . \ ' 1 . A . O p r a n u s a q u f l u f l , ' r a n r i p o B a H l { en p e 4 n p n n r u i i u o n p o u 3 B o A c r B y
crpor{re,qbHblx usAer uri H KoHcrpyxqnii. .<B r,rcilarr urxo,ra >>,I 969.
44. Bo3Hecencxsfi B . A . C T a r r . i c r l i q e c K r 4pee [ r e H l i a B T e x H o , r o r n q e c ( H x3 a / I a -
q a x . < < K a p r r rM o d { a o B a H s c r ( e >1,9 6 8 .
45. lepnr6epr O. A. TexHonoruq 6eronnux n xe,reao6ctotttu'Ix lls.{e,ruii.
1 - c i t s g . - i l p o , n r c r p o i i u 3 A a r , 1 9 5 7 ; 2 - e H 3 a .- C r o o r i H s a a r , 1 9 6 5 .
4{i.f upcrinii B. A., f o.'ry5es A. B. H IlireftHdepr A. C. 3ano.{ctiot
i l i l o r { 3n o A c r R o r i p y f r H o n a r r e n b H r r iA
x .o r { o B . C r p o i l u s 4 a i , I 9 6 7 .
47.lopflriHon K.3., Copoxep B. 14. u I(osnee b. B. lipoeiirnposaHrie
3aBoAoB x<enego6erogirsrx ugaenafi. <<Br,tcruagurxo,ra>, 1970.
48. KpHB14qKrii 1 r { . f l . 3 a e o A c x o e r { 3 r o r o B . r r e u u en s r e , ' r u i i H s r a : o 6 e r o u a . i - o c -
crpoiius4ar, 1963.
49. FIopvr,r rexHo,'roruqecxofo npoeKrr.rpoBaHur 3aBoAoB 6eronuux t{ xe,reso6etott-
nux n:4e.nuii. foccrpofi CCCP. Crpoxiisaar, 1961.
50. lI p or r<n u B. B. TexuonorHqec(arr rroaroroBKa npou3BoacrBa xier'le3o6etoHttttx
xorcrpyxurzii. <<EyAiee,rnrilrx), 1970.
51. Po l,utt H . L 4 . H a p . O c r r o s s r n p o e K T f i p o B a n H f f3 a B o A o B ; ' x e , r e g o 6 c r o u s b r xu 3 -
r e n n l i . < < B u c u r a nu r x o " r r a > ,1 9 6 6
52. Co EairoB I,l. f. n .Lp. IloenileHne KaqecrBa c6opHoro xe,re3o6erona sanoa'
cKoro npofi3Bo4croa. Crpofilr3Aar, 1964.
53. CopoKep B. I4. llpuuepbr H 3aaaqn no rexno,'rorltr 6erosnstx n >xe"rego6eros-
lrbrx r.r3ileJrril.'r. Crportu:aar, I 964.
54. Cnzeax H. l. f l p o u s a o a c r B o K p y f l ] r o l d H e r b H b r xo r p a x r t a r o q n x K o n c r p y x u u a
s A a H u f i. f o c c r p o i i l i s A a r , 1 9 6 1 .
5 5 . C r r p a a o , r n r K r r o n p o E 3 R o a c r B y c 6 o p u n r x x < e , r e : o 6 e t o u t r s t xu c l c , r k i i ( n o a f c l . .
Cxpauraena B. f. n Da.laroeea lL K.) rorrr I u ll-Crporh.ieaar, 1965.
56. Crerlanon 6 " B . T e x n o . n o r u q 6 e r o H u u r x u x e , r e g o 6 e r o H H b l xl t 3 a e . r l u i i . u 6 y -
g i u e n u u H x > >K, a e e , 1 9 6 5 .
57.Xasxuu JI. M. ri KpHxaHoBcKutt 6 . E . C u n u x a r o 6 e r o H l l b lnea H c . r t u
r,nn c6opnoro aoMocrpoerrHfl. foccrporiua4ar, 1964.
58.9yaHoBcxsh A . M . f i A p . 3 x o n o u u x a H n r a H n p o B a n n en p o u 3 B o A c r n ac 6 o p -
Horo xereso6erosa. foccrpoiiusaar, 1963.
59.tr.o6coH f l . M . f l p o r . r 3 B o A c r B o ; K e r e 3 o 6 e r o H l l b l xK o H c r p y K l l s f i A , r n n p o M b r t x -
reilHoro crpoureJrbclB a. Crpoillra,uar, I 966.

6) K pasae.ty <<fiparo ror,resue 6eronilltx cltecefi>>

6 0 . A s r o f , r a r H K a H y c o B e p u e H c r B o B a H H en p o u e c c o B n p l t r o r o B J I e H H F ,y K , t a a K H I t y n r o r -
ueHHq 6eroHuux cmeceri. Tpyau HHI4XB (niu pe4. fiecooa A. E.). foccrpoftus4ar,
esrn.2l, 1961;errn. 33, 1964.
61. .II,e c o n A. E", u I( x rrr K. H. AeroMarHqecroe perytrrpoBanl4e xecrKocru
14noABHxHocru 6erossofi cuecu. Crpoiiu3Aar, 1969.
62" 3erilqeHox f . f . A e r o M a r u e u p o B a H H b rH e M e x a H L I 3 r 4 p o B a H H6ber reo H H n e s a -
R o a r , r .< < B u c n : a qr u K o r a > , 1 9 6 9 .
63.3eJrriqeHox f . l , C B e a c r e a r l c x e M b l a B T o M a r r 3 a u f i un a 6 e r o n H s r x 3 a B o a a x .
,[1aurrn.r,1962.
6 4 . K a J r r r H y I x K u H M . n . , O p , ' r o s c K H I l 3 . 3 . n , { P . fIHegMaruqecxHfi
rpaHcropr B crpor'irerbctBe. foccrpoilx3Aar, 1962.
65. KoponeB K. M. Horoe o6opyAoBaHue are rpllroroBr'Ieullef i r p a H c n o p r r . r p o -
rauus 6eronsori cruecr.Crpolinanar, 1969.
66. KynHoc f . f l . s C K y A p a A . M . T e o p u f lq n p a K " u K an n 6 p o c u e r u u o a Hn R
6erounr,rxcrrreceii.I4aa-so .nars. CCP. 1962.
67. M a u rzs A. P. SrexrpoHno-ctpyrinan rexrororxr 6erona u c6opHlrx )Ke,'le3o.
6erosHr,rxH3ae,'IHI:i. Ilpueo.nxcroe KHfi)I(Hoeu3,&-Bo,Capatoa, 1968.

nJ K paeae.ny<l4groron;renueapMarypbl AJrl xete3o6eroHHblx us!\eautl lr xoncrpyxrlnrl>

68. 6ep nnq e s cx14 fi f. 14. Texuolornqecrxe $axropr,r rpeqnuocrofirocra

H npoqHocrh rrpeABaplrTenbHo HanprxeHHbrx xeJle3o6eToHHblxxoncrpyxqr.rfi. Crpofiue-
Aar, 1969.

354
 t(ollcrpyK-
69. Muxait.rioa B t s . f l p e a a a p r l r e ' r l H o H a n p f l r x e n I l s t ex e ' r e g o 6 e r o l l t i b l e
rnrN. foccrporirralar, i 962.
B. B. u Qro.rolreeg A. A. flpe,lnapurcnlHo HanpffifietlHble
70. Mnxaii.toe
xene:o6erouHHeKoHCrp}'(LlttllCnpoBo.loquotlunpl4eooi'iaplrarypoil.TexuonoruaH3roToB-
n e r r . r : 4C . r p o f ru r : r r . l 9 7 C
npeaBaplire'rbtlo Hanpflx<eH'
71. :\l n x a ri r o e l'.. il. IIpono,'rouuan ap\4a'rypa a'{r
u o r t t x e " , i e : o ( r e r o H a .C r p o i i r r : a a r , 1 9 6 4 .
72.. HoceHI{o !1. E r aB'roManl3aqnlt u3roroBreH[q apslar-vpbl
t r { e x : , r r r ' r e a u , l tu
A.nl ;xe.:e:o
*' -p 6eroH Il bl\ lot:crpvxtlt'i il. Crpoilnsaar, I 970'
apMarypbl.
ii. u ,,i 3. f. *.i:reso6erorr c 3.leKrporepil,rlrqecl(r.rM flarrxerrfieM
Crporiu::ar, 1967.
74.<Do".lo1{eea.{.A'o6opyaonaurieA.'iqnpoIr3BoAcTBanpeABapllTe,'IbHoHallpfl]
xeliHcro xe.tego6etoria. Crpoiins4at, 1967.

r)Kpasac.r5.<ld;opuoeauue6erogHltxnxre'lego6etoFIIIblxI{3.0'e.lnii>

75. AysepAoe i,l. H. l I a n o p l l b l e u e t t r p t ' i $ y r r a p o e a l i i t r ' rt e

)Ke,iesooeroHHble
pyirt't'
C 1967.
" ' itp' "o'i;reu:: 'l a
Ar' ,; ; ' ; ' ; " B . 6 . . 3 g g e x r ' e u s r e c r v r a 3 Ka* . ' r n S o p n e n p o '
O. t4., parnsoe
u 3 o o . i . c r B ec 6 o p H o r o x e r r e s o 6 c : ' o l l a . C r p o f t n a a a r , 1 9 6 6 '
pa6.ourlx Mecr I{a
77. Llac rpvxttutt ilo ycrpaHellHro BpeAllt'ix sogaeficrellti au6paqnu
nn."#""rr?"
^''''^'?tj:"it;,, "il;";;;"drJ,;ii,,*--ii.a"nfii(cFr 190--61),foccrpoftrilli't199i.-.._-^_..3
tt:raenilrl'
;; IO. K. O6opyaonaHrrea,rrr $oprrrooanufi )Ke,'Ie3o6eroHllblx
<6yAire,rruux>,1969.
79.J|aBpllHoelt.rE'B.uCaBHHoeo.A.I,lerotoe,leHuexe,re:o6etoHlltx
_f
un"rr""rou eu6pomramnoBaHfier\{. foccrpoiiuaAar, 196l' j1.' 1967.
80' K y ir n o c t.. . nuopaqgo,,,IaoTexHoIorHf 6eroua. Crpofit.tslar.
ro. n. Te*t,ono.no Ll3roToB,'IeHuq NeJleso6erollultx trgaentiftatn
81.,\1 oHQpea
1963'
H{rr.lr{ulHoro.rponr"no.tJu {xaccerultfi-cnoco6)' foc-crpoftuaaat' Crpoft-
82. OecflHKIIH B. I'1. Xe,reso6eroHuuerpy6lia';rt HanopHblxBoaoBoaoB'
na-r,ar,1971.
g3. flonoa A. II., &laMoHroe^kl.14. u A p . ^ f l p o l l s n o A c r Bx oe i r e s c 6 e r o H H l t x
ornoo*ti tpo6 etl6poruaporpeccoBalll4eM' Crpoftua'u'ar'
'A. 1967'
"""""s4.' J{";-"ii,i; tp c s fl. O6op;vloeaHneanrr nporz3Bo.r.c',rBa 6eroa-
n'5;;;"i.
iibIX u xe'qe3o6eronttltx'ipvi-r. <r\{amiiuclcrooeuue>,
- i t . ' - O ; p ; ; ; t 1965'
8b. paqeBcrin,i^"t. a r " ' n p o " . u o a c r g a N e f l e s o 6 e r o H H bal xe r a ' n e i t
H Koucrp-vKuufr. Crporirl:lar, i966. -- c ^ .. ^ - ,, ^
j., f ,Haprc fl' tl' u bpue'qac v[' n onurn
86.oafire,rr'."ii-]ti.-
c6optrix xeresoSeto'ublx xoucrpyKllgi. I4aa eo AH r'Iara'
era6pJn-opurHeuoio 6op'ooaHnR
ccp, 1965. crpofi'
87. III u u r a.n s c x u ft B. 11. @Optrtorauue nsAe,'luiiua nu6ponnoula,qxdx'
ae:rar, 1968.

.u) K pasre'T1'<<Ten'ronaR o6pa6orxa 6eroHa>

gg. Ap6eslee A. C. 14sroros,resnexe,re:o6eToHtlbtxtigAe,'Irtfrc3,'leKTpOpa3ofpe'
-eox- ' - 6eroHuoil
-gb. cuecn.Crpofiugnar,1969.
A;HrpoBr.i"n:'n. ten.l6- s maccoo6ueu n p u r B e p a e H r z6r e. rr o u a s n a p o n o f r
't-^'g0.Crpofinsaar.
cpcrle. 1967.
rennoeor"r__o6pa6orxe napou^6,eroHIIttx H xe.reso6eroHHblx h3r'c'
iil.;ilr;ur"-
auri sa saecaal-n norluroHax. "" Ht'1l4XR. Crpoiiusaar, l9ti9'
91. MuxaHoB.ir"A n . C . l o p n u e e $ o p l t o n a u u e6 e r o u H n x c u e c e f i ' C r p o f i u a -
- ' ' -1970.
^lar, g:.,UapbsMoe
i a 3 a B o a a xc 6 o p n o t ox t e n e -
H . 6 . T e n J o s a so 6 p a 6 o r x an s a e . l n iH
go6eroaa.Crporinsaar,1970. -g,,re'rponporpeoy
93. PVioeo^ct"o no 6erouuttx u xe,rego6ero'Hbtx KoHcrpyKltnfr
s n:aernir.hHtaXn loccrpoa CCCP' Crpofiua.u,at,196-4'
9 . 1 .C e M e H o B , I I . A . n n o A y p o B c K l { i l H' H' Besuanopuaa nponapoqHafl
-KaMepa. foccrPofi
-"'-'g:r.-A;n'""o'u ul.a.ar,l96l'
if. H. n boqapos B . 1 4 . f l p u t r . t e u e u u eu 4 p a x p a ' r l t x n y u e i i
,rp, nloni"o1.tu" c6opHtrx xe,reso6erbHHltx xoucrpykUui n Aeraleft. locctpoiitls'
a,ar, 1960.
 eJ K pas,4eJiy.<OrAenxa,rioMn,,teKTar{fifl
u r{oHrpor,rb
KaqecrBa>
96. Bafisurox Li. C. pa4uoe"reKrpoHuKa B npol.t3BoAcrre c6opuoro xe.nego6ero-
Ha. foccrpoiiu:raar,1961.
97.n,o6p r xo B a, 1 4 . , E e A o K u M o e , { . H . H a p . I 4 n 4 - r r c r p a a , r s Hoa" A
I.-
sr,aflnir.foccrpofiii:4ar, I 963. e err6a
98' IIoBropo.r.crnii M. A- tooneparrroHHsrir
reso6erosulrxneAenufiH KorjcrpyKuHfi. <<Bucnasruxo.{a>.{l967: g r r l p o . n rr r p , n p o r r 3 B o A c r xBee-
99.cxpaMraee 6 . r . , J I e u l u n . n u - r i l t . I O . ^ - i i c n u r a ' u en p o q ' o c r s
loccrpoiiue4ar, I964. 6eroua.
 COAEPXAH14E

{7peducaoeue D

Baedeuue 4
l . O u e p x p a 3 B u r H n n p o r - r 3 r o A c r B aI r n p u M e H e H u t l c 6 o p H o f o x t e n e e o 6 e t o s a
A
e CCCP ;
2 . C o a p e l r e n u o e c o c r o s H H e r4 Te.HAeHquupa3BHTHtt frpor\rbr[I"4eHHocTlr c6op-
Hof o xe!'le3o6eroHa s C C C P 6
3. flpe4rrer fiypca 7
qAcTb I
EETOHOBE]IEH I.IE
P a s n e .r L @s:nqecxue r.r $usaxo-xr{MrqecKueocHoBbIQoptrtllponannqcrpyKTypu
H ceoftcrs 6eroHos B
f t a e a I . Bu:u 6eroHoB Ha Mr.rnepanbublx Bqxyulux BeurecrBax 8
f a a s a 2. berouHas cruecr. Bn.a,sru cnotlcrsa l0
1. rDHsHxo-MexaHHqecx[e cBoiic?Ba ri peororuqecKlle xapaxTepncrnxn 6e-
roHHbrx cueceii l0
2. Buarr 6eroHnux clrecefi n lrx rexHo,lofuqecKl{e xapaKTeptcrltKtt . . 15
3. Oaxroolr. B,'rurrcurrie Ha cnoricrea 6erogsstx cueceii tt
faaea 3. flpoueccu rBepAeHr.rs qeMenra H SopMupoBaHflfl crpyKrypr,i qel{esrnofo
KAMHf 22
an
l. Teepleurie noprJraHAqeMeHTa
2. Crpvxrl,pa ueMenrnororanHg 27
3. l'cxopeuae rBepAeHHr 6eroHoe s o6ntqHltx reMneparypr.tblxycJloButtx 29
4.,\'cxopeuuerBepaerrnr6erogor npn noBblrrreunbrx rerlrneparypax
5. O6levnsre ae$oplraqna 6erona B npo{ecce rBepaeHr.ifl 32
AA
6. Teunepa'rypHue ae$opuautrnrBepaercurero 6eroHa
f tae; I O.'HoeHsie cioficrna 6i:r6irosHa MnHepanr,Hbrx
Bsxyunx . . 35
l. Crpoeulie6eroirosH nx crpyKrypa
2. Ceoiicraa 6erosa, nposBr'rrtoxruecrflpir @H3}TqCCKOM B3 AIlMOJICHCTBIIH
ero c Bo.qoH 38
3 Ten,'roSnsuuecKne
cBoftcrBa 6erouos 40
\1e-rasrqecxre cnoficrna, onpeAeJ'rqnurne trpoqHocrHbre xapaKrepucrirKu
4 l
oeTot{oB
5 l'npvro-n"racrsqecKne csor?crga 6eroHa 48
b Croftxocru 6erona so BpeMeHU 49
7 Corpaunocrr, cra,rl,tror:iapMarypbr s 6eroHe 513
Pa:Ie;r l " f . E e r o n o r p a 3 J r n q H b t xB r { A o B
f .tat:: ,' T;xe.rue ueMeHTHbIe6erogu Ha rrJtorHbrx 3aflo,{H[Tefiqx ilzt

I . OcuosHr,te rexHl.iqecKl-IexapaxreDHcrLtKg
l. Cocrae,Tqtorr1He MarepHa.nsi l.rg' rsxeJlbrx rreMeurHhrx 6eronos
,i. OcgonHtte 3aBucliMocrr4 B TexHoJ,lofiiu rqt<eJbrx ueMetITHlix 6erogon 63
1. flor6oo cocrasa 6eroHa I L
].,rc.r; :. Pa:sogxagocru uerieHTHorc6erosa ga nfior'Hbrx3anoJruureJrr{x 78
i Burcoxonpoqssui 6eron 78
! .\le.rxosepHrcrsrfi6eron 80
i. -Lexoparusntrfi 6eroir ,S2
-1. fio.ruuepueuesrsnfi 6erou 84
5. Co,:recrofixne. e 6eroHbl
ruc.rrorocrofixrren ue,rorrecroliKfi 86
6 Xapocroilxufi 6eros 88
f . t c e : 7 ,lerxue 6eroHsr Ha noplrcrbrx 3ano,'rr{HTerqx 59
i. Baru nerrux 6erorioB r.i fix r'exHnqecKne xapaKTepncrsKu B9
2. flopucrue 3ano,'rHfiTeJruArs fierKr,rx 6erouos qi
3 Oco6eguocrrr rexHoJrotul{ .trerK}rx 6eroHos Ha noDlicrnx ganoJ'1Hure!'Itx 94
.1. flor6oo cocraBa nerKoro 6eroHa : 1)B
5. Pasgor;LtaHocrr{ JrefKHx 6eronos Ha nop?rcrbrx 3anoJrr{r.rrerflx l)2
f ,te:: Eecuelregrgue 6erogr,t Ha nrorHbix 3anorHr{Te,rnx lc5
l. Cx;ruxanrue 6eronu lJ5
;. bETOHbI HA ilIJIAKOBbIX BqXVUIHX . . []
3 3. Eerossr Ha rurrcoBbrxBr)Kyurgx
ftat; 9. flqellcrtre 6erourr t7
l. Bulur rqeucrbrx 6eroHos H lix rexHfiqecKlle xapaKTepl'tcruxn . . t7
2. .\larepua;rur Ar'rfl .Rrrencrbrx6eroHoe l9
3. flpoqecc o6pasoeaunR nop B qqeficrutx 6eroirax 20
4, fipnlteueuue na6poo6pa6orxn B TexHoJIorLIHfiqeucrblx 6etouos
5.Texnonorrqecxue 3aBgcriMocrll, onpeaeJlrtloult{e cBoilcrBa gqeucrblx
6eronoe '"".".rr* ': t23
o. noaoop .o."uuu 6eiouos' : . : 125
357
 crp.
IJACTb 2
TEXHOJIOIIqECKHE NPOUECCbI I,I3TOTOBJIEHH' 6ETOHHbIX
I,I XEJI E3O6ETOH HbIX H3IEJI I4PI
fmaa 10. O p l a H r s a u u l r e x H o J r o f H q e c K o r otIpoqecca u3roTOBireHHfl rr3jle,lilH t28
P a e A e n l. Ilprroron.leHne 6eroHHurx c M e c e M l;14
fraaa, l l. Cx"'raAr,r Bnxyulr{xMarepr-ia,'roBH s ano,[Hrire,'rer]i LJ4

l. MexanusrpoBaHrrbre cKJaAbr ueMeHTa 134

2. MexaHuszpoBaHHble cK!'raAbr gano,rsrlre,refi r{0
lmea 12. llpuroroe;reHue qeMenrHbrx6eronsux ciueceir I z:l"l

l. lloArorosna cocraBfifiroufix MarepuarroB i4;3

2. 7]osHponalrHe cocraB,'rsrourax Marepua!'roB l4{i
3. C n t e u i f i e a H u e K o M i l o H e H T o Bn p r r n p H r o r o B , l e t r r l h c M e c u l4V
4. f l o r o q r t a g . r H H t r f l n p u r o r o B J ' r e H k fSl e r o u r r u r xc v c c e H l5fi
5. A e r o M a r H g a q u n n p o n s n o A c r B e H r { b r xn p o q e c c o B s 6 e r o r r o c n e c u r e J ' r b H o M
oTAeJ'reHHI.t 158
lttaaa 1 3 . llpuroroeneune 6ecqeueutubrxr{ flrlelrcrbix 6erorruu,trcueceir 164
1. [oaroronxa Marepha,loB 1rl4
2. flprroron,reHtrecH,luxaro6eroHsuxclreccri 165
3. llpllroron,resue rago6eronsux clreceii 170
4. IIf rzroron,reuneneHo6erouHL,rx
cMecerr l t z

P a s a e n II. llsroroe;renne aprirarypbr p.Jrs >xetego6erouxnx nsqe,rnfl u KOI{-

crpyxqnft : : I'14
l.4aea 14. O6urre BonpocbrapMupoBanns 174
l. ApunpoeaHheHiAerHli H KoHcrpyKuxiir.rso6uqHoroxe,reso6erona t74
2. Apuupoeanrie npeABaptrre,'rbHo HanpsxreHHhlxi*<eJre3o6erouunx
us4e-
,luii a roHcrpyxqnli 176
9: Buaot apMarypHbrxcra.neii l.r rx HopMarr.rBHbte
xapaKTepr4cl'IrKr4 178
I .1080 1C. I,l3roToB,'leHr{eapMaTypHr,rxKapKacoBu 3afoToBKaapMaTypHbrxsJreMeH-
roB aJrs npeABapiireJrbHo Harrpff)KeHuuxxoucrpyxqurl 180
l. I,lsrorosneuueceapHoil HeuanprfaeMofiapvaryplr 180
2. 3arorosxa 3JreMeHroB uanparaeuoitapMarypbr . 193

P a a 4 e n . llI. Qopruoraune 6erounux n xrenegodeTonHhrx

nrge;lufi t97
iLtuea 16, O6!tne Bonpocbr
- r$opn,tosaHr.ra 197
l. cDoprr,rn lq7
2. I(,raccuQuxaqurMeroAoBSopuonarrux usAe.nuir 20G
I-.qaaa17. @rlguxo-uexaufiqecKue ocnoBbry[J'rorHeHilq6erosilori cuecu 202
1. Bn6puposaHne 6erosnori cnrecu 242
2. Bn6puponaHr,re B coqeraHriHc AaB,'reHlreru 2ll
3. Zunynlcusrfi uero4,ynJrorHeHr.rt 2t7
4. flpecconauuen rpau6oBaHue 2t7
5. Vn"rorueilue qenrpo6dxHbrMnc[,'raMri 219
6_.Baxyyur.rpoBaHxerz nr-r6ponaxyylrupotsaHue 222
I taga 16. QopMoBaHHe rrpeABapure,'rbHo
Hanpfl)KeHHHx xeneso6erouHbrx ugae,rufin
KoHcrpyxrluu B orKpbtrbrx creHAoBbrxl clt,;totsbrxQopvax 224
l. JInHeriHoe apMupoBaHHe BbrcoKonpoqltori
npoaonokofic Harn)KcHHcM Ha
ynopbr crenAa 2ZS.
2. Jinueiiuoe apMr.ipoBaHr{e
crepxHenofi apuarypoii c Harq)KeHHeM rra yno-
pbr cu,'roBbrxSopM 23\
3. $puuponauue c HenpepbrsHofi HaeusKoii nurcoxonpouuofinpoeo,'loru 235
4. KoHrpo.rrbBeJr{qHHbr Harr)KeHHt apMarypbr 237
5. Vxnaaxa u yn,'rorHeHr.le6erongrfi Cruecus orxprrrtjrx creuloBbrx H cr{-
noeux$oplrax .: Z4l.
6. Texsnxa 6egonacuocrilnpu Harsrxenriu aplrarypbl 24t
f.4aaa 19. @opvonauue usAenriii ria nrz6poq.irouqaAKax 242
1. CanoxoAstre 6eroHopas4aroqsueu 6eroHoyx,raAoqHr,re Maurr.tnbr. . 242
2. Bu6pon,'routaAKac rapt{oHuqecxtrruuKo,r-e6aHuqnu 244
3. Bir6pon,roulaAKr.rc tu6poy,uapnnrMpol{r4MoMr<o;e6aunil 2t*g
4. Bn6po$opuytorque ycraHoBKH c pe3or{aHCHbrMr.r fipoAorbHo-foptr3ou-
TarbHbrMrtrone6aH[qMn 250
flpNrpyloqusre vcrDoiicrsa x nH6ponlorqa4xar'r
'eu6ponnouia4xax 252
6. llf ou-elc OopMosaHizqNsAcnHfiua .)( a

7" 3iursra pa6ouux or BpeAHoroeogAeiicrnus an6paqnlr 253

 r.iil

I-aaoa 20. MaunnHoe $ooMouague c n e p e A a q e r l n u 6 p o r . r n n y " r u c o BH e i l o c p e A c ' r B e l l t i n

6eronnoii clrecu 256
l. @opuonaurienlcror€r'rbrXHacrH!'roB Ira ycraHoBKax c elr6pupyronlriirix
nycroro o5pasoBare/'rrrru 25c
2. Cxo,rlsguee Qopnonalrne c y n J r o T H e r r I e r r r6 e r o u r r t . l i i t l r c c l r n r r 6 p o g a -
ca.[.KoM : 25r
3. cDupmoraurcHgae,rxr:r
nu6pourraunoBaHrre\r 261
I'Ltaaa 21. <Dopuonaune ua xoneefiepnbix r'IHHHfx-cr?HrX 264
1. I,lsroros,rlenue nsAe,{uri na nn5ponpoxarlioM crane 261,
2 . L , l g r o r o B . r r e n u eu 3 A c r ' r a f i H a A B y x b t p - v c l r b l x c r a l t a x 266
3 . c D o p r r o a a H u eM e r o a o M c r l r ' r o B o r or a 6 p o n p o x a r a 272
I'.taa't 2:. d;oprronaHrre n3.qe"luft B BeprfiKarbur'rx nr6po0opMax !r Kaccerax. 273
l. OcoSeslrocrrr @opnaonanr.rflu3ae/rafi B BeprIIKaJIbHr,rx $opuax 273
!. Ooprroeaure 6o,rlruenpo.'rerslrx 6anoqtlbrx l{oHcrpyKrlufi e neprttxalr-
Hbr-\ Qoplrax 275
3. @oplronaHue nageaert B BeprHKa"'IbHbIxKaccerHbtx Qopnaax 277
4. <DopmonaHrrexpynnoo6r'eMHbrx g,'IeMerlToB A,'lq nonuoc6opnoro Aofito-
crpoeHHfl 282
5. OopuonaHr.re KoporKoMepuux rp1,6 Ii KoHcrpyKI{Iifi ealrarnyroto oqep-
TaHHt nptMoylo,'It,Hofo rlJIIr l{pyf"{O]-o ceqeHufl 284
L t a a a 2 , J . < D o p u o n a u u e A r ' r u H H o r u e p n b rx e , r e s o 6 e r o t l H l r r x r p y 6 u r p y 6 u a r l t x KOII-
crpl'xur.rii 286
i . i ( e u r p o 6 e x u o e QopNroBaHne 287 |
2. lleroroe,treHueHailoDHbrxIailopHbrx xe,'Ie3o6eroHHblx
xe,'Ie3o6eroH 2p2
rpy6 ueHrpntpyrupoBaHUeNI
3. I'lsroroe,relrue Hanopllbtx xenego6eroggslx rpy6 ru6porHAponpecco-
B AH IICftI 296
l. 1l:lorou;reuire r { a n o p H l r x r p y 6 u a c a M o l t a n p t } K e } I F I o r o; { e , , ' I e 3 o 6 e r o u a 299
P a s t e " r lV. Tennoeas c6pa6orxa 6eroHa Jp2'
'302
l . n a t 2 1 . Ten.rogas o6pa6orxa B KaMepax rBepaeHI4H , :
i. IJrt.rr,i ren,ronoit o6pa6orxu 6crona u ee a{tQexrznHoc'rt 302
2. llponapunanue 6erosa npu aruocQepFloIl Aats,'lesnx 305
3 . T e n . r o e a r r o 6 p a 6 o r x a n a p o M r l o B b l l u e f i H o r oA a B i l e H I t a B a B r o K . [ a B a r 3t3
i.reao 25. T e n l o e a q o 6 p a 6 o r r a c x c l s r a x t r o i i n e p e , l a u e i i r e n n a 317
l . K o r r r a r r r H a q r e n J r o B a f l o 6 p a 6 o r x a B B e p r H K a . [ b H b l xK a c c e r H b l x c p o p u a x 3i8
2. Tenroear{ o6pa6orxa ugAenuir n repmotpoprtax 319
{'taaa 26. 3.rexrporen.roeaaodpa6orra 6erona 320
l. 3.rexrponporpee6erona 321
H uuQpaxpacHsrurt
2. {en.rouas o6pa6orxa 6erora e,rexrpouafpeBare,ltMu
lr3IyqaTer'Ifl MII 325
3. Ilporper 6erona l.rHAyKuI.tOHHblMIi TOKaMU B 3,'leKTpOMaf HUTllOr{ nOJe 326
4. ,lleroA ropqqero Q o p u o e a u n a c [ p e a B a p r J r e J b l r i J n l p a 3 o r p e e o M 6 e ' r o H -
trofi cMecrr 327
5 . L u c r a H r r u o u u n f i x o n r p o . r b , a B T o M a r l t q e c K o en p o r p a M M H o e p e r y " I n p o B a -
Hile pexr.rMa ren"'rosoli o6pa6orxlr nsae,lfili 328
Pa:.!e;r V. OrAe,rxa, KoMnJreKTaqlrs H KoHTpoJIb KaqecrBa us4e.nnfi 332
l - . i a o c 2 7 . IlosurueHNe 3aBoacKoil roroBHocrH crpoure,'ItHblx lera,reii n ltsac.tlltii 332
l . 3 a e o . u c x a q o r a e J ' I K a. I I i l u e B b l xn o n e p x H c c r e t i u 3 o 6 t ' t ' I i t o r o 6 e r o H a 332
a2(
2. O6;rur(oexa fi aexoparllBHafl oraeJiKa ,JluqeBblx nonepxrrocrefi usaenuii
3. cDaxrypnar o6pa6orxa u oKpacnzl ,tttlueBblx nonepxuocreli ltsAe,'Itlii 337
-!. KoMn,{exraqrrn rl3,qe,tafi Ha 3aBoae 340
I-ltaaa iE. Konrponr Kar{ecrBa Ha llpolt3BoAcrue 342
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