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20
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22
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23
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24
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KaK Ha [peAed{ yroqHeunr Soprur.I{neroean xapaKrepr.{cruKaHarypbr

I A. B.rrrr uep. Marepuar''rbr

rr rexHr4Ka
xr{Bonncr.r
coBercKl-tx
MacrepoB.M., <Co-
sercrrrriixvgoxHrrK>,1958,crp. 57.

26
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27
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28
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29
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80
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42
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TflMuxo,rlcTa.Cnofi KpacKLr
coxpaHrirbsepHLrcryroSaxrypy xo,'tcra.
Moxso Hcno,Ilb3oBarb14cMecb cBI{HuoBbIX6enan c ullHKoBblMll
(oaHfittIIIzHKoBbIe6enuna Nts fpyHroBKI{ He llpuMeHnrorca). Taxoft
rpyl'tr rpe6yer Anure,rnuoti (He lreulue oAHoro ro4a) npocyul(lt B xo-
pouo BeHrI4,'It4pyeMoM cyxoM noMeu{eHHlr.Ho n nepecyuilBarb ero
HeJlb3r,TaK KaK rlepeAepxaHHufi nnac,'lgHltfirpyur rlJloxo cuerlJlrercfl
c KpacoqHbrMcJIoeM.
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MacnqHrte fpyHTbI IIoqrI{ He BIIHTbIBaIoT
fi He I,I3MeHSIOTIIX TOHa,HO nocKo,'IbKyKpacoqHblecnon c,la6o cqen-
dltllOTCt C MaCd'IflHbIM rpyHTOM, T O H e J I b 3 f l A € J I a T b C J I 1 4 I U K O Mn a C T O 3 H y I O
pe"rreQuyro,'IerrKy$opmu, TaK KaK KpacKa Mo)Kerocblnarbcfl.
Sruwu rpyHTaMLiqaure Bcero flo,'Ib3ylorct xyAo]KHI'tKI'I.KoropHe
.nn6sr Npacouustfi cnoil c 6recxorrl, 111HBonI'lcb rny6oNoro, IIBeroBoro
.TOHa n nacbMo c JreccI4poBKaMII.
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puuUenOr?Lrilv KaKOfr-,ru6o4pyrOfi, n 3anltctlMocl'lr oT TOI'11,lial(Ofo
'l'oritil, l'lof/(a
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Te TenJIOfOUBeTaflelrle BblAepxaTb >KI{BO[I{Cb B TeI1/IOM KO"IOpUTe' Ha
c e p o M- B c e p e 6 p l 4 c r b l xT o H a x , H a T e M H O M - B T e M H b I XT O H a X . B O r
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cBerJlag oxpa 3ByqLITflprle opaHxeBoro KaAMIltl. SrOr onltr noMox(er
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CJIOft , npI4BJIeKaloqaft Mfl rKocTbIO I.r Bo3AyIuHOcTblo OTreHxOe.MarOshq
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rra t,'raAKoM. Mutouoctb nplrAarb i'loxno
HexoropuexyAoxHIIKIInncaJII{ge6onruruegTIoAbIuua$anepe'Ho

44
 rpeIqI4HbI Iyglnl^*Opouue
rrepe3onpeAeJre'HoeBpeMs roflBJIflJII4cb
ropasAo " {€M noAro'
cJIo)I(Hee'
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roBKa KapToHa noA )KIIBOIIICb.
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flo eirN{ xe coo6pixenl{rM He Mo}I(eM cropoHbloHa
He coneryeMnortsoe-arbcfl raK
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oqeHb fJIaAKafl Ii Moxer IIpuyqI',ITbK <<3a'tI4SaHHoiI
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ocnoBaHlls noA )KI4BoIlI4cb
lpvabt A€JIo;€c,rlh r,laAKaR rloBepxnocrb Cneqnanlno
coorBercrByer TexHI'IKe I{ xapaKrepy cauofi >KIIBonI4CI'I'
cBolo poc[I]cb' xyAox{HITKI'{
urnNQyI,or II JIaKI'rpyrcTnanbe-Ma[Ie noA
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HI'l I{JII{ rl I4ca''
ff un.iiu. uaa rcurr.?.fi xyAox q a c ro Ha qep'
( u n n ' n o u r n t o n o n u ) H a K " I e e H K eA, 3 K r o M y x e
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tte xopo6urt" l1-o
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crorbl, Ma3oK-MosaI'IKy, rpaHflIlluft Qopuy' Xopourue'
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(puc' I l ' a) ' Hennsn rucarl)
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6
Puc' 12'
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c yqeroM rex 3aAaq, Koropbre craBflrcff nepeA gTloAoM.Haqrsanr srn-
Abr urupoKHMr.rKHcrflMH (Ne l0-12) , raK rtc'r [pexAe BCero H&{o tt€-
peAarb rrc Me'rKHeAeraJrH, a ocnoBHbreQopvrlr fi rxnpoKo 3anlicarb
xo,qcr. 3anepruarcr pa6ory ro)Ke rxrrpoKvMn Ktrcrflnau,o6o6u1afl 1erantw.
Kncru Ne 3-5 Hy)KHbrrolrbKo ArIfl AeranrupoBKlr.

P n c .1 3 .
B npoqecce pa6orbr ABe-rpil Kr{cru o6qgarentHo BblAerqtorcr ro,'Ib'
Ko AJrn xo.roAHbrxorrcHKoB u cnnecefic xod'toAHbIMH cLIHHMn,3ed'IeHbIMII
KpacKaMH,qro6u n36c>Karb rpfl3l1 rra nadrlrTpeLI B gTIoAax. He.nlsn
6parr oArrofi tt rofi >xc Kucrbro r(pacKI{TeMHLIeII cBer,ttble.Boo6nle ne-
pcA'r'cM,I(aK /(cJraTbrroRyrocMccb r{pacoK,K}rcTrirraAo BblTr.rpaTb TpsII-

Puc.14.
Kofi, Berourro, uro6sr y^anvrb crapbrecMeclt.Ilocne pa6orlt Itx rula'
Ted'IbHO MOIOT C Mbl,'IOM A ren,'IOfi BOAe, OnOJIaCKI'lBalOT, BbIT[paoT,
a floroM o5f3are,'rbHo3aBopaqHBarorB 6yuary, qro6br Bor'rocHe Tonop-
u{rrJrcflnp14cyuKe (puc. 12).
Kucrl clry)Kr.rrxyAo)KHrzKyAJrr ,'renKr.r @opuu Ma3KaMI4, A,rrflco3Aa-
H l r f l p a 3 H o o 6 p a e H o rQ
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nocToflHHor4MeTbB noJIe SpeHI4fBecb 3TI0A.3Haqnr, KIIcTb,KaK It Ka-
p a r { A a u r ,H a A o A e p } K a r r 6 n n x e K K o H r I y4 e p e n r n u o r l p y q K n ( p u c . 1 3 ) .
Hepe4xo Klrcrb .4ep)Kar il TaK, KaK roKa3aHo Ha puc. 14. B eror,r
no,'r6xenr.rxyAo6Hee BbIcrlz/'rarbMa3KI4 no Sopue. floeoportt pyKLI,
lepNaqcl'r Krrcrb, Mox{Ho cpaB}il.trbc <<oulynblBaHl{eM>> n <<nupy6ann-
eu> Qopn,tucKy,rbrrropoM.

40
 .[,nn HaueceHut roHKr4x MagKoB-3aceqer Haqr4Hal,oulrenu6upam
KLtcrHMe.[Kr{xndruepon,a Macrepa u ruupoxoft Kncrbro cAeJrarcryerr.rfi
Ma3oK, ,qeftcrnyr KpaeM nnocrofi <<,'IoIIarorIKH>)urerIIHbI. !.ns gToro
To)Ke Ba)KHocJleAHTb,qro6u Kncrb,He JloxMarlInacr. Magxfl HaHocgT
IIo xo,'IcTy vilr4 Ty'
orpbtBlzcrblMu yAapaMll Kl,tcrr1,eto HeJIb3fl<<BoALITb>>
luCBATb.
He scerAa yAaercfl np,no6pecruKr4crrrraKI4e,KaKneHyxttu. flo'
gToMyrlx MoxrHocAeJrarbcaMr.rM.Brparqe paccKaxeM06 erom, tto
Cpa3y >Ke npeAynpell{AaeM, r{TO KIICreBtl3aHI4e- AeJIO OqeHb KpOIOT,'IlI'
noe, rpe6yrcu{ee cnopoBr<uu 6o,nruroro onblTa, LIcKycHocrII.tleno cronr
ToJrbKo[oAo6parb Bo,roc-qernHy no ee roJIIrrItHe,AJIHHeu rn6xocru,
qto6t't B cepeAr.InenyqKa Klrcrtr oKa3aJlacb caMan ynpytan qerfllla,
octl, o6pasynurafl ocr{oByKr.rcru.
I{rq u1erllHnutx xucreft np}lroAIIa urerl{t{a csntteti (co6uparct eo
BpeMfl ux ,truHrNu|; A,,trrMffFKHX- Bo,'toc6c,txu, xpacnoii nuguql,t (xo-
.roHxa), KyHLIubr,xopbKa, co6axt.r,Ko3bI It yurrrou Bor'loccBl'lllbl'l.Inas'
Hoe [paBLL'IoflpfiroroBilervr, Bor'toca- tre o6pesarb efo KoHubl,ocraB'
n*s. o6s.sareJlbHoecrecrseuuoe ocrpne NaxAoft ulerllllKu. B xpaftHem
cJryqae qerl{HKn, Koropbre ronopuarcfl uo 6oxau KI4crIt,,'Iyque cro'
qurb Ha)KAauuofiurxyprofi .
Crprur BoJIoc HaAo Ha He6o,rylruoitt yqacrKe fi cpa3y coprapoBarb
no A.IIr{He.Bo.noclt, co6pauHlte B IIyqoK, BcraBJItlor nepa6out'ltt'ltlxou'
uaMr4B 6auout<y (anreuHyro, Halpnuep) H, JIerKo flocryKl{eafl, BbIpaB'
HI4Banr, 3areu BbIHIIMalor,KpenKo 3ax{aB na,'IbqaMI'!,BblqecblBalor
c Hepa6ouefi cropoutt nyx u'cop, cBff3bIBaIoTI'I onycKaloT B'aBHaIlIloH'
uHfi- 6eHsr.rHHa ABoe-rpoe cyroK A.[s o6esxr4puBatvn. flocne sroro
BoJIoc eIue flponoJlacKI{Balorn 6eHgrne HecKoJIbKopa3, noKa ror He
craHer qLIcrbIM.fia.nee BoJIoc,sanepuyruti a 6yuary, BblcyunBaerctl'
flpoKa.flr.rBaercrB nequ nptl reMneparype + 150" oKoJIo uaca (uro6u
BoJrocHe noAropar, ero KJIaAyr Ha noJIeIIbqB npoBoJloqrloftnanxe_).
HeAora.nesuufi oo.noc,ecJIHero cMoqurb no4ori, KyApflBurcfl. O Ao'
craroqHocru npoKa,rKn Mo)KHo cyAHTb no 6enouy Bo,'Iocy, xoropufi
HeMHorono)KeJlTerb.flepexaneHttHfi soroc "ro['Iox.
,u,oJI>KeH
floArorosneHHtui taxuu o6pasonn n eqe pa3 rlpoqecasultfi BoJIoc'
nu6paHuuft no Ar'rvHeu Heo6xoAllmoftrolult'IHe, [oMeuraror n Qopnto'l'
xu (puc.15).
flocryuan ro Qoptrloure,
B O J I O C K H B b I P A B H I - T B A I O TI I C B ' I .

Mffi
3brBalorsuri<ori(puc. 16, 17).
C uepa6oueficropolru nyqoK
noApe3arcT, JIa-
rlponl,lrblBalor
KOM 14 K,'IeeM (nyqille Bcero
xann$ollto) n BcraB,'tfllor B
B
M e r a , ' r / r n q e c K y l oo n p a B y c e e .
g
ruxpoKofo n9nY, IIO.(ratlKLt-
Bas [ar'roqKo[. JaTeM BTyJIKy
o6xnvanr no pyqKe (pyqxy Prc. 15.
47
 nyqu€ cAe,'IaTb H3 OCLIHbI,a BryJrKytr3 >Kecrr.t
or KoncepBnux6anox).
Iorcoyrc Kr.rcrbcMaxr,rBaror, nocJlecyruKu pacqecbrBaroT,
rroKa oHa He
cTaHerpouHori.

Puc. 16.

Puc. 17,

KPacxr
FIaqzsarcull,te xyAo]KHHKn o6uqHo crpeMffTcff orbrcKarb raKHe
KpacKlr' KOTOpbreB TOlrHoCTLt 6w qnery re.na ililu
. COOTBeTCTBOBaJTH
JIHCTBbT'ue6a nnn BoAbr. Ho raxux KpacoK Her r.r He Moxer 6urr. or-
reHKIt r{ro6u nepeAarb Hx, npzxoAHTcfl cMerrruBarb
{pLtpoAbrcJroxHbr,
KaxAbrr,r.pa3 ABe-rps KpacKIr. Kpacxt AJrs cMecH no4o6parr Jrefqe,
ecJllt-naJrr4rpacocra.BJreHa
r.r3HeMHorr.rx,
Ho caMbtx ueo6xo4amux Kpa-
coK. Bor npulrepuufi cnncoK KpacoKAJrsgrroAoBi
Esllllaa qHHKoBbre
oxpa cneraui-__- )
Oxpa rer'rHaq I
Csena HarypanbHarr !seunnHueKpacKn,ocuoBHbre
LlreHaxxeuafl ls clrecsx
Vru6paHarvDaJrbHa n I
Map'c r<opl.ruireourri
coernnfi |
AHnnnficxaq KpacHas I
Ka,quurl:xeliufi, rpacunfi u opauxeBurft(o cMeca c oxpaMn
LtyJrbTp
aMap[.ruoM vepueer)
48
 CrpoHunaHbean r(eJrrafl
$ty*pyAHafl seJreHar (uenrar cMerrrnBarb
c xpan.naxou)
no"rrKoHcKoriroBafl 3eJreHa.fl
(muorueflpeAfioqr,rraroT
ee rr3yMpyA-
nofi, xor4a nrz"rlyrntcrny).
Xpou se.nenua r
-
Ko6anrr cauufi
Ko6a.nlr @noneroouft
Y,'lbTpaMaDHH
Kocri xx'e.na"
Kpan.naxcpe4nufi
B sroM nepeqHeABaAuarb KpacoK, oAHaKo Hr.roAHy 143Hr{X serbgn
IlepeHecrn Ha xoJrcr c yBepeHHocrbro, qro oua 6yAer 6ilwera K TeM
orreHKaM, Koropbre MolKHo yBlrAerr B Harype. fras o6HqHo pagJlr{-
qaer rbrcflrrnorrenKoB, a rJra3 xyAoxHHKa
ocrpee B AecqrKrapasl Mex-
Ay TeM HSBeCTHO, qTo cTapbre MacTepa noJlb3oBaJlficbBcero ceMblo.
BocbMbroKpacraMr,r,co3AaBaqHa Hx ocnoBe rxeAeBpbrro.nopura. .[,e.no
He qKorlrqecTBe KpacoK,a B yMeHIiI{nOJIb3OBaTbcg rjMll.
E. tr4onaHcoH peKoMeHAoBaJr Ar'rrrHaqaJra<<6e4uyro>> na.nnrpy: 6enn.
JIa ULIHKoBbIe n raAmufi xenrlrft, raAnnHfixpacunfi, Kpan,'IaK,xo6algt
cuwnft lura yJrbrpaMaprru, cJronoByro Kocrb )Kx(euyro Hd'Irdcax(y, oxpy
cBerJlyro, oxpy Kpacuyro, BoJrKoHcKor.T.<3ro <6eAsafl>>naJrr.rrpa Kpa-
coK,- roBopr{JI Macrep,- Ho BnoJIHe AocraroqHati qro6n HaqHHarb
nHcaTb>).
qro B groM.cnucKeHer ffpKr.rxgeJreHbrx KpacoK (r-rsyMpyA.
_.3anerure,
Hofi, xo6anbra 3eJreuoro), rz ero xoporuo, w6o uauulrinulne gnoynor-
pe6nrror LIM{z,KorAa [umyr JIIzcrBy AepeBbeB,TpaBy, oBouln, geJleHbre
ApanlrpoBKr4.,Ilyvue npunuxuyrl 66xoar.rrlcn s;raqi;re 6es gerexbrx,
pe3Krrx tto orreHr(y KpacoK, r..troJrbKo floroM, KorAa 6yaere gnarr,r
cKoJIbKO14KaK I{x npr.rMe[rHBarb, qro6ur 9Ta peSKOCrblt€ n€pcASJlacb
cMecflMHa_naJlxrpeu oTTerrKaMB grroAe, Mo)Klronepcftrn H K uHM.
- A s o r H . F p a 6 a p b p e K o M e H A o g a Jerl q e H s
Dccx xerrblx KpacoK
crpoHur.raHoByro H ynpaxHnrbcfl B cMecflx cJreAyrcufix KpacoK:
lparr
oeJII'IJIauHHKoBble,crpoHuHaHoBaflx(eJlTafl, KpanJlar(, xa4nanfi rpac-
tru_f,,ynrtpaMapr4H,_KocrbxxeHar, oxpa cBerJlafl LI KpacHaRfiJIn aHr-
.nl.rricxaq.KpacHaR. Bu camn Moxere y6e4urrcr, qro ng cuecefi erux
KpacoK (no naparvraJtr{ ro rprz rpacxr,r caMoe 6o.nruee) Mo}KHOnoJry.
lll,rrb Bce orreHKr.r Aaxe Beqepneri eapn H .nbrJlaloqeto Kocrpa.
OsHa xolr niucfl c HeKoropu rr,r n cooficrB a Mr.rgTrrx KpacoK.
, Macnssue KpacKr4 noApagAeJrsrorcr Ha Kpor,orqlreHenpogpaqHbre
(Hanpauep, 6enuila, xa4uufi, erpogrlr4anoBaqxefiraa), nonynpo3paq-
HUe (6O;rtruuHcrBoSeMr'rflHbrx xpacox) H npo3parrHue neccnpoBotrHbre
(rpannar, HgyMpyAnaflseJreHas,cuena uarypa.nrnar, yu6pa, BoJrKoH.
cKor,rr,y.nrrpa uap un) .
Ecnu no sHcoxrrrefi Kpacre HaHecrH ronxnfi fleccnpoBortuuft cfloft,
TO NOTYqIATCS HOSHfi OTTCHOK, KAK OT HAJIO>I(CHHfl UBCTHOTO CTCKJIA.
onurHue )K?rBonucrlbrHaHocfiT fleccapoBorrHbrecJroa E no cBelr(efi xn-
BOIIHCr{(.neCCnpOnxil<<nocuporuy>). iloerouy rexHr.rKaruacnqHofi xn-

49
 BOIIHCr4 ..CTpOrlTCfHa coqeraHr.rLtKopfiycHori, nacro3Hoft nponHcKLl
c roHqariuaMr.rJlecc[poBKaMH.B cnleclrc-6enunamu Bce KpacKr.rcraHo-
Btrcq KpolouraMH14,KpoMe 3Toro, oHtt I{HTepecHoMeHflIor user. I-Ia-
rlpIrMep,B CMeCU6enun c Kocrbro xxeHoft no,'ryqaHJTcsHe cepbre,
a noly6onarbre orreHKu, KpacK,Lr Kaxyrcfl xo,rloAuulauu pas6ene.
,rIrc6onuruo lpocr'reAr4rbn nosAericrnr4eKocrl x*esor? npn cMerx,,l-
BaHilu B pa3Hbrx nponopuuqx c ApyrrzMz KpacKaMr.r.Ho Henres c no-
Morrlbro srori KpacKu noJryquTb cMecb Enfl TeHr.r Ha rrpeAMere,
npr.rMerlraBaqee K UB_ery, KoropbrM npo,'IolKr.r.[tt ocBeII{eHHyto qacrt
groro xe npeAMera. 3THNI gtr ro,rbKo 3aqepHr,rrereHb, a qBera
ee He
HafiAere. Ecnn xe nonpo6onarb npr.rMecb-se6o"nlruoro Ko,rrr4qecrBa
KOCTH)r{>KeHOft r crpoaquasonofi )re,lror?, To noJlyqr.{TeIIpHflTHbre3eJre-
lroBarble orreHKr.r,r xpacHoit-d'InrroBarbre, kHorAa Aaxe 6o"ree ltoA-
xoArrulile,qeM cMecfi KpacHbrxKpacoKc y,'rbTpaMapr.rHoM.
Ponr 6ennn r{ Kocr'r xxesori noao6sa so'gaerlire'ro <<MyrHbrx cpeA)>
Ha qBer Harypbr. I(ax ryuaH npaAaer KpacKaM npltpoAbr xo.rroArrbre
orreHKrr, rax u 6enula cnoco6ubr B npriMecHr rennoti no uBery )K)Ke-
ruoli oxpe HJr4 x>KeHori yu6pe Aarb xoJroAHbreorreHKr4. cocranlre
ra6nuuxy cuecefi 4nyx nn6ux KpacoK c. nocreneHubrM yBed'rur{eHueM
B HLIXlponopuaft 6enr.rn,u Bbr no,'ryrir.]TeHeoxHAaHHo lilnpoKyro txKa,,ry
uBeroBbrx orreHKoB. Ltpe3MepHoepas6e.nunauaecMecn npr.rAaerKoJro-
pr.rry gTrcAaxo,loAusrfi v 6nexnuft ToH,Aa)Ke ec,tH rrpu gToM BbrAeplKa-
Irbr oct{oBHbreuBeroBbreorHorllerrHrr.xfisonuct pnAa MacrepoB KoHIIa
XIX scxa noroMy H rrMccr xoJ'roAuoBarr,rri xo,roplrcrn,{ecKariirpoi:i, vro
B c M c c u B B o n H d l o cM
b t r o f o6 e . n n n .
FIe.nu:n s"noynorpc(r.rrRrr6cnn,rarr,lll,oco6eHuo npa nso6paxenua
ilerpKHx no [ncry npcAMeroBtr B npolflcKe reHeli.
flonpo6onaB Aa,rce cMecb KpaililaKa c nsyMpyAHofi senenoft ttltu
oKHcbloxpoMa' Bbl 3aMerHTe'qTo noJlyqaercfl cMecb fpg3HoBaToro,He-
onpeAcJreI|ilororoHa. Iloerouy He coBeryeMnpa6erarn -(ne x raKr.rMcMecrM.
CNaeurueafirese 6onee AByx-rpex rpacox cunran 6enn.n).
rloc'reneHHo Bbr saMerr,rre u neycroftquedcrr Hexoropbrx KpacoK
B CMeCflX,O6UCHneUyp xHMr.rqecxofiHecosNlecruMocrbr,o trx, rz lpyru.
Mll npuqnHaMri.
ila.nurpa
Kpacxn BbrAaBJlr,rBaror ng trc6uxoB r{ cMerrruBa}oTHa [aJrr4Tpe,Ae-
peanHHofiunu Qauepuofi, np.o^naraHsori uacnoM u r{Meroqeli ornepcrun
naJrbrlaa rucreft (puc. 18).,[,nn Haunnaorrlrx peKoMeHAyeru
,u,Jrs 6e.rue
naJrrzrpbrr.r3npsMoyro/rbHoro creKra, oKpa-
IIreHHorocHlt3y 6enunamu HJIa oKJteer{Hoto
6enofi, 6yrr,tarofi.Ha rarofi nar'rr.rrpe.nefqe
HaxoAHTbHylr{HbreoTTeHKr4.
,ITE.'ITbIE flpeNae scero noga6orbrecb o nopflAKe
OEJIEHbIE HaJroxeHnfl Kpacor Ha naJrr.rrpy. Eecnopx-
oHHAE'
ItrEPIIbIE Aoqnoe HaHeceHlre KpacoK rparine 3arpyA-
Hser noucKn seo6xoArzMbrxorreHKoB H qac-
Puc. 18. To sBJrrrercnnpnuuHofi rpnaHoro rlBera cMe-
60
 ceti.--.IlyuueBcerojxe Ha na.rrr4rpe pa3Ae,nzrlKpacKHHa rerr,rrbre
JtoAHbre z xo-
orrenKn.Tgya ;rerue6y7ei <<yra4arr>>, KaKHeKpacr{HBxoAflT
B cocraBncKoMorol{Bera,n yao6Heecrueurasarb
Hx na na.nurpe.
^_ lr_a-nono>Kr4re KpacKuHa csoei raJrr.trpenpr4MepHo rax (nauuuaa
-"r"ra,
or Hr-rx{HeroyrJra I'o Kparo naJrnriu) :'
Bce"IeBoro
3e/'IeHbIe' 3areM
JII4MoHHo-)Ked'ITbtg "nu,irnu HaKoHeu3eM-
opaHxeBbre,KpacHble,
*
JIffHbre cr'reHbl. vna6pu,oxpu. Ee,rn,ra [oJIO)KETe OTA.JTbl{o B yrJry,
r ornepcrurcA,'rsnaJrbua,raK KaK ux rpe6yercn
911*"
ucrroJrb3yrorcfl lruoro (oHu
noqrrl e xaxAofi cnrecn)
^ ---1:^otopbrexyAoxnnKr'rr(JraAyr6enunaHe B npaBoMBepxHeM
a^H-ecKoJrbKo yf,ry,
orcryn'-B!'reBo or Hero;cnpaaa or 6enr.rn prJ*nuaor"uo"
seM/lflHlleKpac*u' cr'teBarlo nopflAKy: KpanJIaK
xpacuutr,
'ttt."; xenrslir
raAlruri,AaJree3e,[eHbre, crrHr{ez, saxoueq,qepHyro. xyAo)r(Hr{-
eKoMeHAoBarb cHaqaJra BbrAaBurb B rrpaBoMBepx rreMy rrry
:lJ.:iyt^"gp
oeJinJra, a sa HnMulto BepxneMy H reBoMyKparrMnannrpil paclo,To-
:1.T":f9:rlraHoByro xed'rryro,oxpbr,Aarrccr<aAunr.i xcnir,rft n Kpac-
Hblk' 3a H H M K p a n , ' I a K , n o r o M K o p t { r r t c B b r e3 c M J I r t b r c
I(pacKt, 3c,rrctbre,
clrHne, qepHyro (puc. l9).

OEMJI{flbII DEN'NA

c;ItHnE

Przc.19.

,v xaxAoro xyAo)KHaKa ecrb cBos )KHBoflr4cHaff

- JroflrKa B roM lrr,rr.r
r?HoMpacnpeAeJreH'lrKpao.oKHa naJrr4rpe.v on
run npr"oi^*, n aoo.-
y{^i_".L"{t{, rrro Mo)Ker 6parl xpacxn Kucrbro, }re rr,rrAl Ha HHx.
\ p a c K l l y x e H e n . . T l T _ " ! g c p a 3 y r e p c A r , r r a S a M HH.x
crpot rro Kparo
na/'Ilirpbr caM tro ce6e c-ragoevtrcnxpacnBbrMH qeM-To
6,rrnsxrll{K uBe-
T O B T 'M
I IA M M AM, CNOI1CT'CHHbIM TBOPq.ECTBY
X Y A O ) K H UN A . X V A O X H N K H O T
rpr{poAbr pasnbre, n na,rr.rrpbrux paiaue. Hb ecerAa ,rilnrrp.
crepa Aorx(en 6r,rrn fiopflAor(. ?to vt HaAo sal1oMa6rt, *r-
"u eH6zpafl,
ce6s, u au6o,l ee no,ry rc6 aBrrreecrr p a cn odrox(eH Alrl
He Kpa coK.
He cxynnrecj npn BbrAaBJrr.rBarrufl KpacoK , cnoec"x,qro6rt Ma3oK
ne 6un cyxHM. Bcl cepe4aHa naJrrrrpbrAoJrx(Ha"ocraBarbcfl
q
ceo604uofi
AvrIfl COCTaB,TeuV cl,Ieceli.
Henbsq nlrcarb noAcoxtlr4-
MIt KpacKaMI't, ocTaBlUi.tMI4Cfl
Ha IIa,]]fiTpe nocr'le npeAblAy-
url4x saunruft, oro Moxer
crarb npaunHoii <<TyueBaH-
tuofi>>, setrorrluori trpotrr.rcrH
Qoplru ts 3rro,u,e.flosroN{vno
Psc. 20.

5t
OKOHIIaHqhpa6oTbl Bce KpacKI,Ic NAJIIITPbIYAATflfITC MACTI.IXI,IHOM
(puc. 20) u nurupalire ee IIaqilcro IIpoMacJleuHofi rpanouxolt'
Hepeaxo ttoA cJroBoM<<ttaJll4rpa>> [oApa3yMeBal'or He npocro I'IH'
BeHTapb AJIfl )I(ABOn:,1rC'LIvt Aa)Ke He nOpflAOK paCnO"IOXeHIrflKpaCOK
ua ueli, a Heqro 6o,ltruee. fonopr o roM, tITo JIeTHI'le 3aHflTI'IgHa nJIeHS'
pe noMofyr <<pacuupnrbBaIIry naJII4Tpy>>, MbI ?lMeeMB BI{Ayxe yBeJIIr-
qeHne silcJra KpacoK na.nrErpe A6 6ecxoueuHocrH, a o6ocrpeuue
Baruefo qyrbg "a
uBera H HaKonJIeHIre HaBbIKoBB cMecflx KpacoK' I4e rex
XpaCOK,KOTOpbTMH HAqaJrWpa6Orart HaA,'IeTHIIMI4 3TIOAaMI{, Bbl IIayqn-
orreHKoB' ropa3Ao qaqe
recb [oryqarb fopagAo 6ontrue pasJII{qHbIx
6yAere saxoAatr cosayuNe I4x, corJlacoBaHHocrbno IrBeroBbIM orHo'
lIeHIIflM. BCe erO nOMO}I{eTBaM Ha[I{caTb STIOAX{IIBO.Ii KpacI{BO'
3saHze rraJrr'trpbr14 paclxl4penne ee npltxoAflT no Mepe pasBilrl'lfl
TBopqecxux cnoco-6socrefixyaoxHfixa. OsraAesas MeroAoM cpaBHe'
HLIfl, HaKan ilrB afi.)KHBonIIcHble Bneqar,leHur, nup a6 arblB a g yMeHue Ha'
xoAIIrb qeeronofi nJIaH peuennn 6yayutero gTioAa' Br'I oAHoBpeMeHHo
6yAere coBeplxeHcreosait cBolo naJInrpy. HexoropbIe.. HarIIiHa!oulae
xyAoxnr.rrn bco6euno ll He sa6otsrcfl o nol'IcKax cuecefi Ha na"Il4rpe,
noJlaraff, qro ocHoBHafrr4x.SaAaqa-nepeKJIaAbIBaTbKpacKI'Ic Hee Ha
xoJlcr 14pacrllparb I{x raM B Kourypax p?lcyHra' floerouy lzx pa6orut
noJlyqar,orcs pacKpaIIleHHbIMIIIi ynpoqeHHbIMI4 nO IIBery' a He XI4BO-
NHCHbIMH.
9ro6tr Bbl noHtt,ru Bo3Mo)KHocrH naJII'lrpbI, [ocoBeryeM TaKoe
ynpa)KneHneH c e M H o r oK p a c o K : 6 e i l n i l a , c r p o H -
. a n a n u r p y B L I A a B H TH
rluaHonyro xe,'ITyio, oxpy cBerJlyto, cueHy narypanruyrc, autniltcxyro
xpacrryrc, Kpa[JIaK, oKl{cb xpoMa, yJlbrpaMapx_H11 KOCrb xxeHyIO'
Ha.rHr;re c uerssecrHblx BaM cueceft KpacoK. Hanpnuep, Bo3bMlire
-
crpoHIIHaHoByn xeJlryl,o, B Hee Ao6aslre HeMHoro uepnoli xocri,
no,'ryqr{re se.[euonartifi orreuor. 4o6anlre qyrb 6ontrue KocrI'I
B ry x(e KpacKy-n 6yler HecKoJrbrrc usoh SeJreHOBATbIft OTresox.
flocreneuuo yBeiluq1IBaqKqJIlrqecrBoKocrll x(>Kenofi,no,ryuure pflA 3e-
JIeHOBaTbIX OTTeHKOB, KOTOpbIe Ma3OK3a Ma3KOMSaIIOJIHflT nepnuft pa4
Ha KaproHe. Boel},rlIre yJrbrpaMapr{H n oxpy. flocreneHsoe yBeJII{qeHIIe
npruecn cusefi KpacKLIK oxpe Aaer BTopofr pna HoBbIx SeJIeHoBarbIx
OTTEHKOB.
floronr K cMecflMTex xe nap KpacoK[ocreneHHonpu6an.nnftre6e'
.rruna.Llonyqeunufi pflA cpaBnl'rrec npeAbIAyqHMtI'Omeurlt 6yayr
or,'Il4qaTbcqHe ToJIbKorlo cBeTJIOTe, HO I{ nO cBoeMy xapaKTepy: oAHH
TeI],Iee,ApytHe xo/IoAHee.
Aane6 CMe'1rusaftreoKricb xpoMa ri oxpy cHaqaJla6ee 6entl.n,a no-
ToM c 6ena,raivlu;cneAynuufi pflA-cI'IeHy H yJlbrpaMapHHB pa3Hblx
flpoflopUl{flXc 6e,rn;rannr.CocraelTe raKlie X(e pqAbl lls cl4ecell B pa3'
Irbrx npolopu[rrx: yJrbrpaMapr,rHau aur,'luficrofr rpacuoir c 6e.nunauu,
sareM crpoHrluaHosoft xenrori c asrnuficroft xpacuoft u oxpoft, oxplt
C aun.luricr<ofixpaqrofr. Bu ynu4ure, KaproH 3a[oJIHHTCgpgAaMI4ca-
Mbrx Heo)KI'lAaHHbIX rIOKpacoTeu pasnoo6pa3I',IIO OTTeHKOB.
Cocrastre nrtop-*o'pt: xapioQe"'ro ileounrlllessuft tz oquqensBiYl,
cfiHffl O6JtHsttar MllCKil hJII..IKpyX(Ka. HanEUIUTeSTIOA<<CKyttoft> 1IaJIIIT'

62
pofi: 6enu,ra, cBerd'rafloxpa, anfJll,IficxagKpacHafl, Kocrb lKlKegan' flo-
TpyAIiBlxL{CbHaA CMeCflMrrsrHX KpacOK,BbI yAllBuregb: cKoJIbKO}KI-IBbIX
OTTeHKOB MO)KHOII3BJIeqbH HenJIOXO [epeAaTb HaTypy, He"HMefl Bo3-
MoxHocrl{, oAHaKo.,clrHtoroMI.IcKynoKpaclzrb I4MeHHocnueft xpacroft,
a raproSe,rb - roJrbKoxoplluueeori.
fioc"re grllx ynpa)Knenuft BaM [oKaxercfl oqeHb 6orarofi u TaKafl
narlirpa: 6enuni, irpouqzaHoBafi )I{eJlrafl,oxpa cBerJlafl, aurnnftcKaq
KpacHaf, Kparrr'raK,n3yMpyAHas SeJreHas,yJlbrpaMapnH, KOCTb)I(x(e'
Haq. nOCreneHHOy6ex4asCl Ha O11bITe, Xat<OftggI{CTOIIII{MHfi SanaC
IlBeroBbtx xou6nsaquft, napzaHrot cueceft npeAocraBJlfferII eror MI{'
HllMyl\'l KpacoK, BL'Inor{yBcrByere, KaK KpenHyr Ba[In xI'IBon[cHbIe
Hasilxn. b4HoepeueHuo"pasnunaa cnoco6uoctb IIpeAcTaBJIflrb cebe
uBeroBoepe[IeHHe grloAa fiepeA HaqafioM pa6orbl, BbI Hayql'ITecbuefle'
K p a c K a MH o B b I e .
c o o 6 p a s u oA o 6 a B r f f r b K y K a S a H H b I M
tr4 cxontxo 6H sH KpacoK Ha na,'II{TpeHu Bltrox<firu, pa6oraftte
c KaxAbtM pa3oM Bce HacroftquBee,TaK KaK, noBToptleM,oqcllb peAKo
waxan-Un6yAbKpaCKapOAHTCq A,'Ifl nepeHoca Ha XOJICT B TIHCTOM oll1e.
<<XorRae.tr6ne;r6rxoe, npo6yfire I,try, r.rety rpacKy, cocraBrnfirc nue-
-
cre It Bce c Harypbr - c6o6iaxafire... flcpisrl usnnnl tta narypy, 2
Ha rraJlfirpy,3 - na lrarypy, 4 - na naJll.{rpy...)>r
Vqrure u raxofi coBer: IIe 3aMe[II,tBaftrega TIaJII'ITpe KpacKI'IAoJlro'
KaK 3aMa3Ky.Henpome[IaHHblecMeCI{IICKpflTCg1pOXI.IJIKaMI{paSHbIX
KpacoK a orreHK,oB,Ma3oK taxoft oMecblo oMorpnr,c'ffHa xoJlcre xl{Bee.

Pacrnoputern

Tn6axoeHe KpacK1t, KaK npaBhro, I4Melor BnoJIHe.npI4eMJleMylo

rycrory u pas6anntrb ltx Her seo6xoAnMocrn. Vmu MoxHo AeJIarb
H ToHKHe,r{ ToJrcrbreMa3KH.Ecnn xe xaxas-nn6o KpacKa ryqe Apylyx'
T o n p n M e H r r r o r c rp a 3 6 a B L I r e J I HH.a u a x n l I H e H n y a f i r - c n u p r - s a u 6 o '
nee yHr.rBepcaJIbHble.
Vdirr-cnupr (pas6asrare.nl N 2), no.nyuaeuuft ns HeQrI'I,BbIroAHo
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54
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xorb H.ocoMno KaprI4HeBoAI4,a Ha KaprI4HeHv Ma3Ka ue ynu4uurl! Bce
flBCTBSHHO, KaK rOBOpflr e MOCKge.Het, MHe KalKeTCs,IITOMeficOttle
Hr.rCKOJrbKO He yIUeJIAaJIbIxeMaJIOXyAOXeCTBeHHbIx QnauauAqeB: BaH-
gep-Xanrcra, Heruepa ll Apyfux. HesHHocI.{Nlo QororpaQuefi orAaer>>0.
Bor raxoe uenpznrHod BrIeqarJIeHIienpov3Bera ua 6o.ttltuoto xyAox-
HI{Ka<<ruIaAKafl)> )KI4BonIlcb, Koropyto uo ea6nyxAeHLIrcHeKoropl,lxcq}i-

r B.' C v p n r o s . f l u c s M a1 8 6 8 - 1 9 1rr.
6 M.-.[., <Hcxyccrno>,1948,crp. 70.
2 V . P e n u s. ilucrrr.ra.1873-1898rr. M.-,4.; <l4cxyccroo>,1946,crp. 73-74.
8 B . C y p u x o a . f l n o u a 1 8 6 8 - 1 9 1rr.
6 M.- .II., <Hcxyccroo>, 1948, crp. 64.
57
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68
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q a e r c n B T o M , r l r o < < . . . x y A o ) l { u tcrrKa B i l r c c 6 c 3 a A a r l yc p a 3 y B o c r r p o t r 3 -
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Haqr4uarouurl,moxer cnpaBlrrbcn c pa6orori 3a oAr.rnceaHc.
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pa6orarr <<nocbrpoMy>> HecKo,TbKo ceaHcoe? Llro6u xpacou,uur?c,roli
MeAJIeHHee BbICbrXaJI, He3aKOHrIeHHHfi grFOACTaBflT<<JII{IIOM> K CTeHe
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59
 Cucrenra nocrpoeHl{fl qserosoft faMMbI s eroft TexHHKe'KaK BbI yxe
SHaeTe'3aK'IIOqaeTCfB ToM' IITO xOJIcTcpa3y B HeCKOJIbKI{X MeCTax
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OTTeHKOB IIO BCeMyXOJICTyCpagy. MerOAOl,t <<paCKJIaAKlI>> BbI[or'IIleHbI
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IIbIMI{ nPOnIZCKaMLI.

I K. IOoH. O xttBonuctl.M., I'Isorus,1937,crp. i5l-152.

62
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na'*tt"n" Tuquasa I{JI}IJIeTKI{xpacqerJll'lBblxyAapoB KI{cr?IBeJIacKe3oB-
pfl.u.oM.
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OT OCO6eHHOcTet't ltSOOpaxaeMOH
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r roft unu usoh TexHItKe ficnoJlHeHl',lq.
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iloo.ryc,t I t c l l o J It , : i o l l i l ' l ' t rT ' J I b l ( o ' l ' c l l p u c M b l , , l ( o r o p b l e "n p o B e p e H b l
'lt J t l ' l n o M O t l l , l ' l ' (I)r , r t t t t i t i i / t t : t t l , lC i I M O C ' t O t l l ' C , n b l Il 0 - l.e X a n e U r e B p e M e H I I
o Ml l i l C ' l ' o l l l l l , l x t l c [ ) l ] O l l a q a r r l b llblX I I p O n U C O KM a C T H -
ilit l)it(:'ilt(:1 1(y CJllllllK . r ' n o / t , t ( i t r ( r o l I o l ) t t t ' M a c T e p a , < < o rr o u l I 4 x K ) K I { p H b l M
x,,,i,,*, , t . r . o 6 i rt r ( ' ( . , t . 1
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a He Bep'
l o J r o ) l i l r ' t ' r ,( ' t ' o / t l ) y l ' l ' l M M a 3 K o M ( H a n p u n a e p ,l o p l { 3 o H T a ' [ b H b I M '
, l . l l f ( i l Jt rt t l n M ) r r , u r rn p n x a T b M a 3 0 K I I a d ' I b I I e MM , a C T U X I I H o Mu T . n .
paclI]H-
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flonnuure' qro He
pa3d'IllqHofo nocrpoeHl'lfl $axrypst'
;lrriiTc l.r IIoHcKII
; t . o n l x o x a p a K r e p M a 3 K o B , u o u S a r < r y p a X o J I c r a I i M e e r S r I a q e H H LB' n o -
crpoeHltx Kpacol{Horo c,'lofl 9T}OAa.
Eeceatt o TexH?rKe)Kr.IBOIUC?r [OMOryT BaM flolltlTb 3llaqeHHe tsbl6o-
pa xoJtcroB, rpyHToB, pag)KI{)KI{Te,left, uace'r, JIal(oB' xucreii, Macrl'lxu-
i,;;';',r.;. n6it"n.nno BbrHaKonr.rre xpacox.Bce
onbrrLrB cMelueHuu
KaK
3TO T€CIIO CBfl3aHO C TBOpr{eCKnUtt npO6'reMaMn' BO3HflKaIO[lItMI4
u HaKo['
pe3y,lbTar ynopHoro I1 cIICTeMaTI'lqecKofo u3yqeHua HaTypbl
"rteH 14f Bn ell aT,'IeHI{I,1.
B peurenau KoMrroSHUr{OnHblx3aMblc,lloB Ha/Io yMeTh cosHareflbHo
<<B texnlrqecxu
rcno,rtb3oBarl pasHoo6paSHble rexHul{ecKl{e I]pHeMb-l'
yAap KI'IcrIl u raxAuft uBer B KoHeqHoM
nDonvMaHHofi pa6ore xaxAlifi
.',i.:il aon*""'ootto crpofi uliu nstpaxeu neM ooAepx a HI'Ifl>2'
Tit. 1937,crp. 154-155'
M., I4sorlre,
tO o H. O Nusonrrctl.
2 'l' a u N e, crP. 153.

66
 AKBAPE'Ib

3rrcAu noJ're3Ho,a qacro n npocro seo6xoArmo Bbrnor'rnrrrbHe

TO,lbKoMacJIoM,HO I{ aKBapeJIb}O,KOTOpafl nplryqaeT II}tcaTb qlzqe,
npo3paIIHeerro uBery, yBepeHHee,n n pa6ore HaA HeKoropbrMrzMorH-
BAMH HCSAMCHI1IMA.
Axnape,rl - gro )Kr4Bonncbrrpo3paqHbrMr.r BoAarrbrMr.r KpacKaMr.rrra
6yuane. Ecna rexnnKa Mac,rrrrHofi xrsonr.Icrz ct'porrrcrr rra nprrMeHeHIIIi
n oAnoii lt roft xe pa6ore r.rKopnycHbrx,I{ ToHKOcnoiirrr,rx rrponncoK,To
a KBaper'lb ocHoBaH aHIII{To,IIbKon pffi p aq HbLx Kpacor{Hblx
a Ha I4cnoJIbSoB
CJIOCB.
B .rHcroft aKBapern HeAonycrlrMonprzMeHeHwe 6ennn, TaK KaK orru
Herrpo3paqHbrH MyTar uBer KpacoK. <<Pas6e,r>> orreHKoB Aocrrlraercr
HaJIo)KeHHeM npospaqHbrx c.[oeB KpacoK ua 6e",ryrc6yuary: qeM Torrb-
ue cnofi, TeM crzJrbHeenpocBeqlrnaer 6yrvlara I,I TeM, c!'reAoBare.nbHo,
cBerr'reeorreHoK uBera. OrcrcAa 6o,rbruaq 3aB[cr.rMocrbaxBapeJlbHbrx
grloAoB or Kar{ec'rBa6ynaarlr fl caMHX KpacoK, or r.rx npogpaqHocrr.t
U tiI{CTOTLl IIBeTa.

Eyrvrara
OcHosaHr.reNr
A,'rrraKBapeJrrr 6y-
c,'ry)Kar,ryuilue copra or6e,'reunori
- nor'ryBarMaH
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ceparr,a raK)KeoqeHbtJIaAKag.,rr'tflHueBl4Taq,c KoropoitcreNaerr<pac-
Ka. Hy;111s6ymara6enan,gepHucrar,xoporxo[poK,rreeHHan u pocfa-
Tor{Horr,lorHafl, qro6lt sa seil MaBKI,IHe pacreKa/Tlrcb,He cfl.rtbHoBrIrr-
TbIBa,Tucbrr B To )Ke BpeMrr Mor,'rn cMblBarbca eoAori. 3ru r<aqccrrra
onpeAeJrflrornpo6HurnavMasKaMv KpacKr4.Bu6part xoponyro 6ynrar.y
A , ' t f la K B a p e / T H n o M o r a e r c J r e A y l o r u l l inl ip u c u : x p a l i , r r r c l t n ( ) / t r ( ( ' r r J l r n ( , 1 '
HOrTen4,HeMHOTO OTBOAflTr,r OTrryCKarOT; CCJII{rrplr 9't'oM (:,/ilrillln'Crl
p e s x u r i i l l e " r r q o I ( ; 3 r r i l r r r( rr ry n a r a n J r o ' r ' r r a r ro, p M i l J n , n or r l ) o r ( . / l ( ' c r u i r r .
O A r r a x o5 ' r o I r c 3 n a r n r r ,( n ' o p r , r x J l i l 6 r ry u ; r r l r ( ' o r r ( , 1 ) n l ( ' r u (r 'on l ) r r ' o / l -
Ha Ar'rfa l K B a p c J I I rl (. o t ' / t i t t i l , tr r y l t t 0 6 1 l t " r ' (o' 'irl'lc, l ' r ' ,l ' 0 ( ' r \ 4 o ) r ((e, t' il l r ' tc p c c i l o
p e r x a T b a K B a p c J r b t r r ,3l cJ ' t o ^ l , t t r t i l 6 y m i r t ' ( '/ l J t i l , ( : r i l fi l r r ) r xr r i t 6 J r 0 c r i o B ,
K o r o p y r c B b r n y c K a n l ' B c I I e [ l r z l J n , r r t l, r i.u\ n c r x . l J r r ; t t r i u t t ' i l r cr t i t r r r l r i i
Jryque 6pam 6e.uyro!r nJroruyro6yualy.
B u n a e r , q r o r . rH a n p u r o 4 H o i .Ai r ' r aa r { D a p ( . " r6r uy v r rl t . M ( ' ( : ' t ' i r MMni r : } r ( n
r a x 6 l r c B o p a i l r B a r o r c r . T a x y n 6 y n , t a r y I r c l ) c / l 1 t i t 6 o ' r ' o ini l ) o r \ 4 r n n i l r o ' t
rennoli nog,oI?,Koropan yAaJIHT cr'IeAbI xcrpit, Jllnlturoro rtllrlr<;tciir<y,
r{ KpacKa 6yaer Jroxr.rrbcrrpaBHoMepHo.
6yuara r.rMeercsoficrso xopo6urrcr or B,'rafn. 3r'o uo;rrr''r'3it1'l)yA-
HI{Tb HcIIoJIHeHIze 3TIoAa. floerouy ee HarrrfrrBarol ril crr('rlrirJurnr,ui
n r ' r a H r r e(rp u c . 2 1 ) .
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Hee ILrraH[Ieraga 5-6 cM. HaJIo)KI,ITe ero Ha ILIIailuc't lt 01'o|ilHl'cr(0afl.
B a r N o f i , o 6 r l . l l r u o c M o , { e H n o fBi B o A e I { 3 a r e M o r r x a ' r o i i , p : r n r r o u c p r r o
nporpr.rre 6ynaary, He rpofafl ororHyrblx KpaeB. 3rir Kparr cMalKbre
c r o J r r p H b l MK , ' I e e M3, a r e M , p a B H o M e p H H o a r g r n B a r l rl t o r r c c x , ' I b t t o( , r n c r
tlfi* 67
 MOXeTJronHyrb) tr Tal(,, qro6br He Sburo Mop-
rrI,HH,trphKJreri_Te
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Ho Harqnercff Ha [JraH[rer v He 6yAer xopo-
6nrtcn noa Kucrbro.
flpnroronneHHas raKr.rM o6pasou 6yuara
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A S T I O A I , I C T I O J I H H T bP A 3 J B I I H b I M I I NPIICMAMU.
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Hee KJraAyrnucr 6yuaru, a BHeruuefi pauroft
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ryvune KpacKH, npo6yaHXMa3KaMr{ Ha 6yuare.
B u.a6op<<JI.eHuHrpa4> Nb I BxoAqr 24 xpacxu: xaAuuft illluonlrbrft,
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KpacHafl,alrafl, KpanilaK xpacnufr, KapMItH,KpanJIaK
yJlbrp.a Suo.ueronuli,
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{lrpa aKBapeJrbHbrx KpacoK,Hanpr.rMep ua6op <<.IIeuzHrpaa, Nb 2 He
I 6 ueeros.
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Oepereelo Apyryrc Kpq.cKy.flocne pa6oru "o6ssirenrHo o6brpure uu-
croli nnqrKoft rpanovrori nce xpacxu B KroBcrax,uro6u yAaJrr.rrb cBepxy
rpHI{ecuApyrr{xKpacoK.
KPACKI.I T{STIo6HXOA BbIAABJIABAIOTHA NAJIHTPY TOPOIIII.IHKAMI.I
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B, raqecrne naJrilTp
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rpyAuflIorIIoIIcKI4ocHoBHbrxUBeroBbrx orHblrerluri,Aa- I {
I,OTCyXOBaTbre, MaJrolpo3paqHbteMaSI{H.
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reft. Tau xe AoJr)KHa 6uru n rpnnouxa AJrfl Bbrrr.rpa_
sng xucreri.

O rexunxe aKBaper[ Puc.22.

flp'aelru 'cocraBJIeHHqcr,recefi Ha naJrr,rrpe B ar{Bape/rr4re }Ke, sro

H E MacJrrrgotlxfisonuclr, Ho HaqI.rHaIouuMHe peKoMeHAyeuBBoAHTb
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TplI Kpa,c,Krar{ nepeHocsr HX B srroA }rd'rr4HaHocsr npospa,{uuft cnoir
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n BBoArrrAeraJII4.Kaxaufi HoeHfi NpacouHutl cnoft uanocgr rlo npo'
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nucaFrHblMlt4o rpertefr rrpon]IcKli, KorAa oHI,IcJIerKa noAcBer{I.IBalorcfl
r coorBercrBlrll c orrerlxal,ln 6luNoB B Harype (6nuxu ncer.4aqnerHue)'
flpz Hano>xeHuIIoAHoro c,tlofl Ha apyroft yuzrunafire Bllunrve H14-
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cJror.rKpacoK AJIfl noayqeHufl ueo6xoAttl,tux orreHKoB. Kpan Ma3Koll
Mo)KHocMrfqarb sraxuorl qncrofi KI{crbIo.
He 6ofirecl reKyqecrll aKBape,IIbHbIx MaSKoB,a yqlirecb elo ynpaB'
nsrr. ll.ryau[Ier Mo)Kuo lpuloAHtrb, TorAa noATeK KpacKI4ocraHoBI'IT-
cfl, r.rr'rllocymeuuofi Kficrbro [poBecTn qepTy Ha nyTH [oATeKa Iz 9THM
orpaHl,rqrzrbMa3oK.Cyxar Kucrb roxe <<BbIIIber>> Ii3,'II4IxeK KpacKH.
B reryuecrv u cJruntul4 MagKoB- rlpedrecrb aKBape,'IbHoiltexHuKl'1,
cc,ril Klrcrblo BOAHTonblTHaf pyKa.
Ilr,rro/lrro npuMeulrb IuepoxoBaryrc 6yn,tary,tno Koropoli sanusKH
n o , i r y r r a r o ' r ' oc cu o 6 c r r r r oc o q r r l i M l t ,T a K K a K M e ) K A ye e S e p H a M Hc K a r I J I I l -
l l i l l ( ) ' lC t l | | i l ( ' l r l l l l ( ' l l l l l , l C Il IIpC)3patlIIl,lC CrlOI{ i{paCKII.
O t t o t ' o 6 1 t u 6 o ' r ' t , (t n o ( t i l l ) o n r l > . I ) i t c t < p t , t n a r S T I o A B I { B C T e ,I { a H o c f l T
l i i r ; t i / t r , r iri \ r i r r ( ) rl (u l / \ o M ( ' r l ) ( ' / ( t , t / t Y I t \ t t Mt l,o t i a ' t ' o r c t r l . cI I c r p o c o x , 3 a x B a -
' n , l r l i l r r ( , N u r o r ' oc o c t ' l 1 t r t t i i M i l l o l i , 6 , r l i t t ' o , r 1 a pul lc n , t y o 6 p a s y e r c n u a r r n t l
n ( , 1 ) ( , \ o / t .i ) ' r ' r o / (l l t t l t c t , r t l i t t o ' l ' 6 t , t c ' t ' 1 t oc, ' t p c M t t c b S a K p b l T b B e c b Ao
' l o I ( ) , l ( i l l ( | l ( ) , r ( C o . \ | | (V) 'll' / [ ( ' J l b l I b lIC ItlTIIa. "Illcr
t l l o 6 r , r i r i r \ 4 ( ' / [ , r u 1 ' r ]' rl n
, c r , t x a l t H eK p a c o q l - { b t xr g r e H , > K e d I I a r e J I b HA oo-
(xlr,ll't'1, ti ctiu(;ln c noAoii HecKoJIbKo KaIIe,lb f,tfiIlepI'rHa.
/lptltoii c4toco6 pa1orat <<nocbrpo.M!j>>. flepe4 pa6orofi JIucr noKpbI-
lllr()l rtrr(:t.oii to1Oil 11Aa]oT nOABflHyTb. fluuyr rro eu1e B,lIa)KHOMy
Jlllcf)/, 6,raro4apn qeMy rloJlyqaloTctl MfiIKI'le nepexoAbl OrreHKoe. Ecnlt
6ynara rrarrrHyra Ha crr4parop, To noAAepxuBarb BJlaxHocrb Jlucra
roN{o)Ker KaproH, cn/rrbHoyBJIa)KHeHHbIfiu npl4xarttfi cullsy.
flpumeuianaa cMe[IaHHafl TexnfiKa, KofAa qacrr uso6paxeHufl npo'
rrl{cbrBaercfl orMblBKorl I{JIH nepBbIM croco6om <<rrocblpoMy>>,a, Harrpl't-
uep, lre6o c pacnJlbIBqarblMIz ,'terKl4Ml.to6fla,.rKaMLIrJIH BoAa nl{myrctl
no yB,ra)KueHuofi 6ymare. Moxso raK)Ke B,rlrBarb oAIIH lrBer n apyroii
u,rn ocna6,rrrrb ero npr.rKocHoBeHneM ql,rcrofino.nycyxotl Ntlcrn.
C.ne4nre, r{To6brHe Henpo3paqHbIe,
rroflB!'rrJIr.rcb fpfl3gble no uBery
nrrrHa. Bce HeyAauHbleyqacrxlr. >xllBonhclrorNrHsafire qacroft, cHJIbHo
],8,1alKHeHr{oir KHcrbro.Ho yvrure, qro orMbIBKaHe BcerAayAaercfl no,I-
luocrblo, nooroMy or aKBape,'rucrarpe6yercs rorrHocrb I.I yBepeHHocT'b
n pa6ore, Tu{areJrbHaflnpoBepKa cueceri npo6auu Ha orAeJrbHoMJn{cre
6 1r i r r r n .
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To cro MolKrlorronpaBurb,rroAcraBr.iB noA poBHyrocrpyro soAul. tr4snnrx-

70
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qarcfl. Hoeoft nponncxoti c yqeroM ocHoBHbIxqBeroBblx otuouestlri
srloAy Mo)KHoBepHyrb cBelKpcrb.
llpn ucronr3oBaHLIunrc6oro cnoco6a aKBape,'tbHofi rexHnru co6,qn-
AaeTcfl eLvHafl A,llfl BCex3TIOA0BnOCJI€AOBaTeJIE,HOCTb
{BeTOBOIO peue-
.HHfl<<oro6qero K rracrlroMyH onrrrb K o6tr{eMy>>.

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Kax nrcaru AJtltreJlbHbte

,(,,rnre,rlHnrl ernA aKBapc,'lbto rrarlnttaroucMy rpyAHee HaIIHcarb

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cfl 3aAar{u Ko,lopncTl4qecKofopelxeHl4fl3TI,OAa.
B arnape.rlHblx oAHoceaHcnblxgrloAax, BbInoJIlIeHIrbtx B or,trH trpl]-
eM, B OAHynpo3paqHyroKpacoqHylo^[ponl{cKy,r{acro olqyqaercfl He.[o-
craroqHar ?rHreHcr.IBHocrb KpacoK. C.na6uil pacrBop I(pacoK, HecMorpfl
Ha flpaBrrdrrbHo sgqrnii uBer, rrepeAaer KaK 6u npHspauuslii tuupax,
B x o r o p o M n p e A M e r b rK a x y r c l H e B e c o M b t MLLIr J I L t [ I e H H b t r a$ua x r y p u r .
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Ay[rHocrbr,ou He)KHocrbloKo!'IopI{Ta(TyMaHHOeyrpo, ryMaH B cyMep-
ru), ro orroA, AalKe BbInor'IHeHHbIir <<nocblpoMy>, .npoIl3BoAIlTcBe)Kee
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MerHeeTycKHeeTIr lrloxrleT IIBer fycrblx Ma3KoB.
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p r , r 3 o H T a J I b ut ot oer ' r o ) K c t t t t e . 3 r /' t ta c t ' y t l J I o ' l ' t t c t l l l ol l ] c ' f i l , I I o l o M y t l l ' o
K p a c K a , 3 a r e K a r o u a rM l e ) K A y3 c p l t t l M ! t6 y r n a r t t ,t l a c b l u { i t t ' T ' lut l l c l ' , t t e
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My u pacKpr,ITbToHqalluue tpaAallnl4 cBerorelln. A.ns A.lure,'lbllb'lx
3TTOAOB HyXHa 6o,ree [JIorHafl 6yltara.
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naAaercfi Ha HecKo,'Ibt<o craAuli. 3Aecl oHI4 npllBoAflTcf A,{g TO|O,qro-
6u xy4OxgHK MOr co3HaTeJIblIO flx ppHAeplKHBaTbCq B cOOTBeTcTBI{lt
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[eAaHTI4qHO r{IeHATb fpaHI]UbI II SaAaqIt 3TIIX 3TaIIOB, a KOIAa Hy}KIlO,
peur.rTer'rbHo IIepeBoAHrb eTIoA c oAHoH cTa(r4lt B Apyfy]o.
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r,ry6oxoro npocrpaHcrBa Ha n,'IocKocrll3TloAzt,To Kollryp
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Koropble BbI-
rOAHO HECKOJIbKO YTOJIIqATb JIIIIIIb TAM, TAC KOHTYP AO,'IX{CH 6ITTI SflACH
T I O AT E M H b I M U B C T O M .
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Aerad'IbHoro r4 BbrBeperrHoronocrpoeHns.Ho npu ncefi cTporocTl{pI4-
cyuKa KoHryp 3Aecbyxe Hocrrr uuoft xaparrep, qeM B pI{cyHKerIoA
opHaMeHr.Jlnnvn AoJrxHacrpo,r4rbo6rem,uyr,o Qopmy u cJryxurb ocno-
eoftAng cno6o,quori JIenKr.r
ee o6T,eMa,a HecK,oBbrBarb Kr{crb.
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(cKpblThcfl>>Aa)Ke ltoA flpoSparrur,rM c,IroeMKpacKI{,cneAonare,rluo,
pHcyHoKnoA aKnape,rbr,oJIlI(eH6urn oqeul JIeIKI'IMI{ cKynbIM Ha
ulrpux. .IlyurueBcero KoHrypAeJrarbnpnMo Kncrbroc ,ctIJIbHo pasBe-
Aeunofironydor:rrpacxoft, Koropafl ocodeuHoxopouo nqpeKpbtBaercfl
rIocJIeAyroil{?rMLI
nponucKaMra. Ho t<ucrun Mo}KHoHapl4coBarb gJIeMeH-
rH nefisaxa, npocrbreilpeAMerbrHarropMopra.Pucyuox 6onee cflo)K-
Hutx{topn,I- roJroBhr unr,r$nrypnr qei'roBeKa, nHrepbepard apxl,IreKryp-
HoronefieaN a Heo6xoAr.r arb Kapar{AauoM.
Mo AeJr
Hro6u r{e BarprrBHflTb Jrr4crMlroroKparlrbrMn 14He
HcnpaBd'IeHI,rfrl\,II4
noBpeAHTb ero KaparrAarrloM HJIHpesnlrxofi,JlyquerrapucoBarb MoAeJtb
H? OTA€JrrrlrOM!'rHCTe6yrUarn,H3yqaflcrpocrrnen xapaKTepHue oco6eH-
ltocln $opn,tbr,a na 6ynnare,npHforoBJlerlrrofi noA aKBapeJlb,cAeJlarb
cKyIHMr.rJru{rrrrrrMH6oncc JraKoHHqHbrri n ynepeHHuIfipHcynoK. flpn
STOM CaMt,lc Bbtnyt(d'Iblcrlacru sopmbl, fiepBbte nJIaHbI nocTaHoBKg LIJII{
M0'r'HBa xc,'tareJlbHo nepeAaTb 6onee TeMHbIMH IIITpHxaMllt, KaK I{ TeHH
fia lrpellMerax, a yAa,'reHr{bre*Ha6pocarr ToHKHMIi JIe|KLIMI.IJII4HI.ltlMLl.
3)rau yxe s nanefrnoN,r uso6paxeuua s xaKoir-ro Mepe 6yayr [epe.[,aHbl
npocrpa$crBeHHbrerrJranbrr{ HaMetrenbrHerfi6H Qopnau renflx. Bunon-
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Aax<e uurbsori, qro6u yAa,'IaTb xupoBbre nflTHa z ocna6ntt toga
rrrTpHxoB.
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IIBeroM, Mot(Ho oqepTr.{rb.Ho .nyuure rrx 3aKpblrb pegl{HoBbIMKJIeeM.
Eucrpo 3acoxHyB, oH 3alqrrr,r.rror oKpatrrr.IBaHrlflTo Mecro, rAe [oJIa-
raercs 6urr 6,ruxy, Aa)Ke ec,'Inrr{caTb ur4poKo. KorAa srtqgrqlot 6nt,t-
Krr, x.refi nerxo yIaJrflercfl pesnHxori. O6pasonanurufics npocBer
ocraeTcfl JIr.rUlb cJIerKa I]por'IeccIIpoBaTb IIBeToM, cooTBeTcTBylouII'lM
AanHoMy6rlrxy.
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c Har{afloMpa6orrr uBeroM, ecJlr.tilpoBecrl't[peABapLlreJIbHyIo
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Hyro nporrncxy $optuu cpa3y Klrcrbro oAHofi xpacxofi (npuuenaHe ro.Jlb'
72
Ko roJly6oft, KaK roBop[Jrocb, Bbrilre, a KofAa Hyx(Ho r.ITentofi). Ho ne'
o6xoAnrrronbrr, .rro6H npaBfiJrbHonpeAyraAarb rrBer noA aKBapenbHylo
)X,I,IBONI,ICb.
Bropan cradua - BbrgBr'reHr{eocHoBHbIx IIBeToBbIX ottlouegnft
H rpa4aqraft cBeroreHr.r.
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JIoMy, a or cBer,'Iofo K TeMHoMy,ecJru pa6orarcr B TexHr{KenocrerleH'
Horo ycr.rJleHrrflrlBerocr.{abraKBape,rbHblx [po[HcoK. 3ra nocJleAoBa'
TeJlbH'ocrbo6tqcusercrr reM, qro BcerAa l4MeercrrBo3MolKHocrbnyreM
Jlecc[poBoK yreMHrirb ror ]r,rfi l.rHoft qser, a Bor BbrcBerJII-lTbxaxofi-
;tn6o yuacroK grroAa y)Ke rpyAno. Iloaroruy qaqe Bcefo Ha*I,IHaIor
c npolrncblBaH'uqocBeildenl{brxu noo6ule caMbrx cBerJlbrxMecr no Bce-
My gTrOA,y, COrJraCOBbIBatr HX rIBerOBbleOTTer.rKIi.3arenn IIpoKpblBalor
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reHrE.HaseceHr4eoAHoro npo3paqHonocJrofl na gpyrofi, Toxe npospaq-
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npbaoAnft BceBoSMolKHbre fleccnpoBKH.
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73
II BoBceHe crouT no,ltb3oBarbcflgrtlM npLIeMoM,TaK I(aK 6ennna BHecyr
B grFoAMyrHo-rpfl3HHfiuser.
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,teH n Haiype. Konrpacr IIBera rlpeAMera It uBera 6.luxafiruero.K HeMy
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q'ro6br ile llorytlH,rlocb necrporl,r. ,[,yuafire, KaKI]e AeTaJIII Heo6xo/(llMo
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pbrBaloilIr4ficfl I43 06lqeto aKBapeJIbHoro roHa.

74
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70
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ecrb oKoHr{are,'rbrryn o6no4xy 6yxn 4nn nan6onrurefrroquocrr nx
oHeprSHiHfr, qeTKocrtrr{ Kpacorbr,Ae,Taror'enunavu, flpar4a, K TaKr.rM
npI'IeMaM rlaqe npfl6erarcroQopmurefiwKHr.rr, Ho He BpeAHorrx sHarb
I HaqfiHaroulum qro6u u c noMorqbroperyruri oH[l
curpr-rQroBr.rKaM)>,
yrru/'rncbprrcoBarb6yrnu, nacarb r,rxcpagy Kl4crblo.Co npeueHeM cra.
lter MeHbIrJe HerorrHocrefi a HauepranuzrupaQroBn notBr{TcryMeHfie
noI{TI,r6es peryurrznrrcarbfyarubtoltJraKarblr,rgaroJIoBKa B creHrage.
Tax n Ha cTeH,[ax.
IIIpn$rn nrrttryr rorrKr,rMtrrE6onee ro,'rcrbrMrlKo,']oHKoBbrMt4 uiln
n xpaftueu c,'Iyqac6enn.tnr'rN4tr IorcrflMu,o6ngarenurtofiMetoulnMI,I ga.
octpeHunrlKorreu.I4cnonrsyroru peiicrficAcpl,r, Kol'opbre3arrpaBJrrrror
fyarrteBbtMr4 KpacKaMtr Kilc't'bro,
ilc /loilycKarr
npil STOM noATcKoB Kpac.
Nv,.JTut-tuttper:rc$caepoM rlpoBor,rnno .ln,rrrciit(e,
ItMcrorqeficxoc. Hcr
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rpacNofiHe Aacr BogMoxHocrlt rupa6orarb raKUXxopotiluxrraBblKon
urpHQToBKII, (K'penKylo>> pyKy, KaK ynpa)KHelruq c KrlcTbro,rrogToMy
flyque ucfibrrarb Hezsbexnue Ha nepBbrx
nopax HeyAa'{uH OropqeH}.lrr B pHcoBaHI4r.I
LUpHQTOB XI{CTbIO, HOSaTOOBJraAeTb CnO.
co6aun ucnorHeHr.IflcaMbrx KDac14Bbrx rr
r r Jar c r n q r r b r xu p n s r o n , K a K H M Hr r B r r r r o r -

ilil
crr prrcoBarilIble,a rre BblqepqeHHble,
lllpnQrr,r J'ro3yrrroB Ha KyMaqeBbrrro,'r-
Hflror rurlpoKllMHrrlerr.rHrrblMa KIICTqMLI I{
4axe S,refiuavn (puc. 24). Hexoropue
o$opn,rure,ru .rrro6flr yr{opaqrrBarl AJrfi
gTOfOAJ[trry qeTrilrr)t.Ho ,'tenars 3To Ha.

4* 83
Ao orHro4b He o6pesKofi Bo,'Ioca!Harpetire MeTaJIJII{qecKyIo BTyJII(yKHc-
TLI HaA [,'raMeHeM crrIIqK,Idt.L'IIi cBeqn, noKa pacn.IlaBaTcfl ranHQolr,
cK,'rerrBalotr1an BHyrpeHHuftroseq uerI.IHbI (no.rroca), H BABHHbTeee
Buyrpb BTyJrKnHacroJrbKo, Hacno.rlbKoHylKHo yKoporr,rrb Kucrb. Konla
ocrblBiuafl xauu$o,'rr ongrb gaKpenaT qerr.rHy, Kucrbto uoxHo pa6o-
rarr. O6pesasnrrfi Bo!'roc4aer 6opoe4bl,<<pBaHbIe>> Kpafl Ma3KoB.
Ha ci<opylo pyKy BbIrIoJIuaof lrpurpril nnaxariultl.t (puc. 25, a)
n oco6uun rpy6uarultn flepbffMu p\Jlfl, qeprexnblx rupnQroo
(puc. 25,6). Ho Harrr.rHaroilIfirrn o$oprr,rarersMeoo6qe HeAonycrrzMopa-
6ora' ' Hac[ex, H6o nerpe6oBareJlbHocrl r csoell pa6ore, yKopeHuB'
a H4au u oSop MnreJlfl >)
rr rrcb, Hcrroprlir axyc. Jlyuure ucrroJlb3oBarb <<Kap

n (nflat(Rpr,r>,B il0(o1'opoM orrrouellllH IIanoMnHaloque $.nouacTepbt

c Qctponurrrrr c'r('p)KrtrMrI, rro IIe uMeIoIqHe npylKliH BHyrp14,croJlb
pncyHKoB<<)Kr{Bofi
BSXrilrrx/lJrfl Br,trtor'rHcrrHrr nugneft>>(puc.25,e). Onw
gattpaBKu.
lxc r.c'tb u lrpoAax{e BMecre co cnequaJlrHofi xpacxofi Lns
I-lo cc,ru nog urprlQr cAeJraHuseruoft Qon ryaruenumn nru reMlep-
uLrMrdKpacKaMr.r, To u tttpuQrst no HeMy HaAo nllcarb reMh )Ke KpacKa-
trlu. FIn B KoeM cJryqae He roAHTcfl TyT L Tylxb, Koropafl nocJle BbIcbI-
xaliurr o6gsarenrHo orlleJlyrxurcfl .
LleerHas ryrrrb, oqeHb nottyJlflpHaff y Haql.{Halou1,tzx, oco6eHuo ttpn
TaK Ha3brBaeuou<<ua6pblgre>>, gB,'IgercflsllHosHt,tqeftrpy6oir v necrpofi
pacKparxeHHocrrlcreHrager, o6bflB.uennftu ApyrHX pa6or. HaAo 6urt
oqeHb onL,ITHbIM MaCTepOM,.nO6H rIO,U,qIrHLITb KpaCHBOMyqBerOBOMy
perueHrzrcpesrnft (<xr.rMrrqecKlrft>> qaer rylxll H 6necr gaJII.rBoKero.
Tpe6yer 6o,rr,uroro BKyca u pa6ota <<cBerslqnMucfl>> n,'taKarHbIMIl
KpacKaMrr,oco6esuo rpacnofi a opauxenoli.
Ocsonasug AJIg BbI[o,'rHeHLIrr o$op n,ture,rbcKltx p a6ot eu6np anrcn
B gaBlrcr.rMocnlor MecrHbrx yc.nonufr u Bo3Mo)Krroctefi,xapaKTepa Ba-
Kaga u ero 6yayuefo zc[o,lb3oBaHvn. Kyuau, xortcrbl lt 6qsr HcnoJIb-
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Kpoue ryauIz r,r reMrrepbl, no HrrM MoxHo nl]carb upuQrn rr cMecbn
npocefl[rHoro MeJra n.nu sy6uofo flopolxKa n )KIz,{,Kofo cro.IlspHoro
(nnoxno u MaJrflpHoro) x.nea. llponopuun roro n Apyforo HaxoAffr

84
onbrrHbrMrryTeM, raK KaK pa3Hbre copra MeJra n noporrrKa rpe6yroT
pa3Horo KoJInqecTBa Kdlefl.
MacnqHH[{n KpacKaMrrpa6oranr no Qauepe, Koropyo HaAo xopo-
IIIO npoTepeTb pa3orpeTbrMMacJroM,Ha cTeKJIe,a TaK)r(eH Ha TaKHX
HOBbTX MaTepr,rar'rax, KaK ApeBecr.roBoJloKHrrcTbre u cTpyxeqHble nJrr{Tbr,
opraJrfir. Ha nocneAunx c ycncxoril pa6orarcr r.rcaMbrMaynorpe6uuul-
tuu n oQoprvrJtcHrrH KpacKaMn- ryailrbto u remnepoil. Hepe4ro Ha creH-
A b I M o H T n p y r o rH a K J r a A r r u curp' l l Q l r , r H A C K o p a r n B r r b rner ' r a H K r .Br ,b r p e -
gaHHbreLr3 nctronr'racra u lopoJlor.ra,H3 BbtcoKoKaqecrncrtHofi
QaHepst
HJILrH3',r'Oto )KCOpra,lItTa-KapTOHa.
O n p a n 4 s r n a e r c e 6 q t z n c r o , r b 3 o B a H r { eA e p e B f l H H b r p x eeK, tHyrbrx
rpy6 tt noJIocoK >Kecru, pa3/'tr4r{Hbtx Apyrgx noApyr{Hblx MarepilaJIoB,
Ho, KoHer{Ho,nptl yc,'IoBI,lH co6,rrcAeHr{fiocHoBHbIXnpuHUHnoBAeKopa-
THBHofoperueHHrr,r{oropbtMuyN4 rua6noH, noBropeHue ug6zrrbrx,npr{-
cKyqxBrxr{x nprreMoB oQopunenrzn. To,lnro rTeHocrbro Boo6paxeHHrr
Mo)KHoo6tgcsarl Mexaur.rqecKoe HcIIoJIb3oBaHue I{ npueMoB, u <<MoA-
Hbtx> Marepuar'toB.A uex4y reM cI(oJIbKoMecrHblx Mareplla,'IoB,Tpa-
Ar{IIUOirHbtx npHeMOBXyAOX{eCTBeHHbtX npOMbIC,'IOB, Ky,'IbT}IBIIpyeMbIX
B HapoAe,osopltrarenu rre Hcno.[b3yror.
f l o e r o u y n a u r p a 3 f o B o p o M a r e p r { a r ' r a x x o q e r c r g a K o H r { H TH be
AJIHHIItIM I I e p e q H e Me u e H e H a 3 B a H I l b I a
X K p H J I a T H b I L
X ',I a C T M a C C O BbIX
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u iuyapoeoft Qoltrn, a coBeToMrroBH[MaTer'rbHeeoTHocrHTbcfl K eUIe
,HeI'lcnoJIb3OBaHHbIM pe3epBaMBbIpa3xTeJIbHOCTI{, CKpbITI,IM B MecrHblx
H TpaAlrrlfioHHbrxMaTepr4aJrax.
flocerlae KpynHbre o6qerocy4apcrBeHubre r.r MexAyHapoAHb]eBbr-
craBKu, caMoAerrreJrruurixyAoxgnK Mo)Ker 6url oruenoMJleHs$Qex-
TAMI,ICBCTOTCXHI,IKH, TCJIC.H KHI{OKAAPOB, UBCTHbIX IT CTCPEOCKONI'qC.
CKIIXAHanO3I,iTI{BOB, IIOJIH3KpaHa I4 TOJIbKO-TO,'IFTKO [OffBLISUeftCg rOnO-
rpaSnn c ee MeroAauu npeo6pa3oBaHr.tscBeroBbrx BoJrH Ha ocHoBe
HoBef{milxAocru)Kerrflfi conpenrenuoftQnsuxn. Ho sayMqrarstfi aHanlrs
yBHAeHHoroAoJr)Kerry6eAurs B oArroM,rrro ro,tbKo BbrcoKoeMacTepcrBo
H 6eeyxoplrsrrerrrrl,rri nxyc cnoccl6rrlrnpeo6pa3oBarb nciu arot uoultrnu't
a p c e H a J lo { r o p n n l n e n b c K n xc p c l l c ' n r c o n p o M ( } r t l l o c ' fBu xy.(o)KccrBctrIIoe
q e , ' r o e .I { y , a B K y c r { M a c r e p c r B o x y A o ) K l r u K i r - l l c t { o p a r o p a Aacr cMy
B O 3 M O X ( } I O CUTC b K p O M i r b r MC1p4e A C ' r ' B a M ArO{ C I ' l l r a T bi l e M c l l e e C O B p c -
MeHHbrxrr BbrcoKoxyAo)KecrBeHHblx peuerruii, palrutLla 'foJtbKou Mac-
r u r a 6 e p a 6 o r u . f l o e r o t r r y e m 6 o p r e x H I { K ,M a r e p u a f l o Bt r r p H c M o n I I a A o
c o p a 3 M e p f l T bc H a 3 H a q e H n e M u uacrura6ou oQoputlrc.ntcxttx pa(lor
B Kax{AoM orAedylbHoM cJlyqae, co cBoHMu Bo3N,Iox{HocrflMli H cnocoC,r-
HOCTA\'I I4,
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BarparaMr.l ua npuo6pereurre KpacoK, pag,'It,tqHr,tx MarepHaJIoBLI Ha
clo,,rRpHbre,no4co6ur,te, cJlecapHbleI,t Aa)Ke orAe,'toqHble,Ma,{t{pHble
pa6oru. Ecnn gaxasrruKr.rpacnoJlaralor cpeAcrBaMli uJru ecilr. oQopnt-
Bbl cl,IcTCMaTI{qecKI4
JIeHI4elvl 3aHl{MaeTecbcaMI'I,TO paquoHa,'IbHoO63a'
Recrl{cb raKuML{ npu6opauN, I(aK aeporpa{ilt, KpacKopacnbIJIHred'IH
n KpacKonyr'r brbr, r(oropsre o6nerq a Ior rpyA xyAox(HIrKa, oAHoBpeMeHHo
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cnoco6ou uJtrr c noMoulblo rpaQapera, pa6orarcr Ha Aoporocrotllr{Hx
H rpOMo3AKnxKoMIIpecgop ax. llOnurx1r UC11O,'1b3OBaTb aBTOM06Hnlttltft
Apyfoft sacoc nepeMeuHoroAeftcrBl.IflHe AarcT raKofo
l.rJruKaKori-JII'I6o
, 4eilcreyrculHx Ha c]Ka-
pe3ydlbrara. lloaronay or Kp acKopac[bl/'IHTedrIeft
TOM BO3AyXe,BbtIOAHOOTJIIIqaeTCs g,leKTpI{qeCKIllinI1CTOJIeT-paCnbl,'lU
re.lr <<OpeoJI>> HanpnxeHlieM s 220 sonrr, IzMeloqnft nHyrpu Kopnyca
orreKrpoBlr6parop,Koropblft Il npLIBoAI'IrB AeficrBl4eMIIHuarIopHbIilIla'
coc, 3acacblBalolul-IfiH C Cll,'tOIiBbl6pacblBaloul4iirlepe3 con,/toKpacKy.
<<(DaxenpacnbIJIa>)KpaCKI.II.IACOrrJIaMOx<HO pefyJlHpOBaTbCIIet1na,'Ib'
HbIM BI{HTOM.

Puc.26.

Carrrt,rfi IeIxeBbtfi g,'IeKTpoKpacKopacnbIJII'ITeJIb BblnycKaer 3aBoA

<fu4pouernpu6op> (r. CaQouoBo CMoJleHcrofio6n.) IIo rrny SBK6
(roxe Ha 220 nonlr) . Ho <pnconarb>>HM He,'Ib3fl,rlplI6op roAeH roJlb'
KO AJrf nOKpblrEq rnocKocrefi paelnuHofi nJIoIqaAH poBHbIMKpacoq'
rrbrMcJroeM.Tetu, xto 3HaeT,KaK Tpy.sHoSaKpacHTbocHoBaHlleIloA Ae'
KoparHBHbIepa6orbl sletluauu, xopouo nocJly)Kar fi KpacKonyrbrbl.
flpOAanrCn OHHB MafagnHax xO3TOBapOB Har'lox{eu'
IIJIK BbICbLIarcTCfl
HbrM rrJraTelr(oMII nO gaKasaM IleHTpaJIbHofi6asofi Corogn6gltrrTopna.
lopas4o rpyAuee npuo6pecrn pe3aKa A,tfl oprcreKJla II neHonJlacra'
rrosToMy osopurarensM, I{cIIoJlb3yl,ouu{M3TI{ MaTepna/'lbl B cooefi pa-
6ore, npuAercg cannuu llgtoroB'itflTbraKue Hec,'Ioll(Hble, xa3arocl 6nt,
HO He OCBOeHHbIe npoMbllxJlellHocrbloI'rHcrpyMeHTbI H3 ocTpo sarol{eH-
Hbrx HanfiJrbH?IKoB (puc. 26, a) unu H3 ca[oxHblx Horxeli u orpa6orau'
Hbrx cJrecapHblxnI{JIoK(puc. 26,6). Lns pe3KI'topfcreKJla H aKptl,Tara
HaAOTaKX(eLrMeTbMeTpOBylO TO,'ICTyIOXe"'Ie3HylO nlruetlxy c oAHHM
Mp a e M( p u c . 2 6 , e ) .
c K o r x e H H b IK
fipyrue I4HcrpyMeHTbI, a raKxe npl'tcMblpa6orbl, MarepuarTblH crlo-
co6H fix I{cno,[b3oBar]*4E, l.t3o6peratlorcauu oQopul'ITe,'Irno Mepe Ha-
xonr'teHl,tfl onura n npl.rffioco6leHttgK Mecl'llLlMycJloBnfM.

86
 TPABTOPA

B noc,neAulteroAbl pacurrpu"icn Kpyr ,rrc6ltreleft fpaBIopbI,>xeJlalo'

IIIfix ycBoI{TbocHoBbIrexHHKLlpa3llblx ee MaTepl4a,qoB u BlIAoB.
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TAK KaK B sTOM B i l A e H 3 O r ) p a 3 l l ' , r c , r l b l lIoI c
r t
o ( y c c r B ac B o l i c r B a p a3l{blx
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c r l p u c y u { e f t[ p a 0 l r K e t r e r K o c ' l l' 0
t Il onpeAC,lellllocTblo.
A s e A t H a n e p B b r f iB 3 f / t f l Ac p e A c r B ar p a $ H K u I { a x y l c f l K p a f i H ec K y '
IIbrMrJ:qcplloe, 6enoe H cepoe; uTpHx, ToqKa, JII'llInq 1t'l11Cfl,rlouHoe
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poe MacTepa fpaBI,opbIBK,'IaAblBaI,oT 6o,Tbulylocl{Jly Bblpas}lTe,'lbnocTl{'
noxasusaet, qro LlcKyccrBo- He KorII'IflHarypbl, He KoIII4noKpyxarc'
ulero Hac Mupa. 3ro niopoir MI'lp-AyxoBHbljt, oro6pa)Kal'ounir Hame
qyBcrBoBaHueAeftcrellre"'IbHocrHH BHyTpeHHee<<fl>> xyAoxHuKa. Mac'
Tep MoAer'rupyeT, Ho He Ay6,'Iirpyer MIlp, oKpyx(alounfi efo, u 6epercff
ga U3O6palKeHHe He C UeJIbto<<BOCnpOH3BeAeHHfl>> pear'lbHocTllI{ TOJIbKO,
Ho B cr.{JlyHeO6xoAl{MOCT1I, HenpeoAo,'IuMofinoTpe6Hocrl{ BbIpa3I{Tb
Cnoii sal.Iltce.[, rep€rtoa'tltlrBlulle AyIUy rlyRcrBa, Bod'IHytoqueyM Mblc,l[.
flnn uHrepecy rcqlrxcrr rex]r rlKori ]rso6pa)KeHr.rfl f p aBropa,'Ircl6onblr-
Ha eUIe I{ TeM, qTO ttCHO noKa3blBaeT, KaKI,lM tl3bIKOM <<MHpBHegllllil>
p a l K a e T c nB < B e i l { Hx y A o } K e c T B e H H O I T > .
B b r-PasuooSpa3lible
xyAoxecrBeHHble pe[IeHLIff rpaBlopbI o6beA[Htiror
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nOAq II HeHO n np VHa !,JIex( I'lT II/'lOCKOCTH,'lHCTa.
I4sltnau CJIOBaMU,I{3o6paxellUe npocTpaIiCTBa He IlMeeT Htzqero
O6111er6C H,'L'Ilo36pttofi nepcAatteil eto B IIaHOpaMax t4Jlr1ilaTypar'IIlCTI'I'
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crBa, 14Tpe6ylor He MeHbIlI4X ycI{JII{tl u 6olbuoro Aapol}altnfl. V rax
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87
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88
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n ry6ax'
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kpr.ni HaHocl{rcrua 4ocxy, rpeABapureltlbnonporeprylo onuQofi'
KoTopa'BbIcbIXaeTMeA,'IeHHo'nosToMynHaHoc}lTbKpacKyHaAocK
qeM 6ucrpee Bb]II6JI'
uoxiro 6es oco6ofi cfie[rKrr. Ho sce xe noMHHre,
Hsercfl pa6ora, reM cBex{eeflo,'IyqnTcflorrucK.
Map,tleetrru raMnoHoM I'lJIIt na,rbueM HaHocqT B nepBylo oqepeAb
TOHKfieC,rO11 fipggpaqHblxKpaCOK,a SaTeMHa TeMHbIeMeCTa6Onee ry'
crbre KpacKLI,3aMeLuaHHbIe Ha fycTofi OJII4S^e..[OCry C KpacKofi noMe-
rrlaror B 3alKLtMyroJIKoB (cu' lanee puc. 35) u-npl'IKpbrBaryfl"t9y
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qro
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ua 6YuarY.
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SaMec Ha nel{arHofi Aocre npI'IBOAIITK rpf3H B OTT}icKe'

cnofi na JlaKe>
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cnoeo6pasnuftes$exrHuft nepexoAor plrcyHKaKHcrblo, or fpl'l-

eafinuK rpaBropenpeA.rroxu.rrxyAoxHLIKA. KopeHqOn. llpurOrOBJltI'oT
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oxpaurenHoroB rlepnblfi
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ble p asuoo6p asHble or rycro-
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U neCr<aAaer UeO6pa)KeHLIe,
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r,or orrl{cK yxe rlsnectublM BaM'cnoco6ou. Taruu xe o6pa3oM Mox{llo
e
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Pnc.27.

(puc. 27r.a). 9ro o6ecneqr.rraer xoporrry$ uJrasonr<y(puc. 27, 6) nuuo-

JIcyMa.floronr efo rraKJrer4earor Ha a6cr<yu,,rir4aneipy, ,{ro6d' oH He
xopo(ru,rcn(puc. 28). Ecnu npe4no.naraeicsrpanropa"6oneeb0 cru no
c'l'opotrLl,'r'o
A.rilrrrrroii MareprraJr tra Aocl{yrre rra6rrnaror,
a uro6u yAo6-
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nnocxocritJrHcra,ero Aax{e cBeut{BaIoT
(tac'l
ilruto co c'to/1i1,

JII{HOFP;BI{)PI

pnc. 28.

ocnosHrrrr{ rlHcrpyMeHTo* AJI'^- rpaBr4poBarr'r rlo JIr.rHoJIeyMy

fltsJrflercflyrJroBaf craMecKa (pue, 29), KOrOpafl,{odl)KHa6ura c4e;laHa
us xopoureri.craJrH n o6qsareRbHo aMerb BHyrpr.l KoHycHofo yinyone.
lraa ocrpuli yron (puc. 29, e), anarre peserr He Aacr rouKyro, KaK BoJroc,
crpylKKy. .{,"ra nnenrlrx KdIII4[IeHy]KHa CTaMeCKaAJIITHOTOB 0 cu unaecre
c py,lxoft A,'rff ynopa.
o6rrxHoee'uufi neporunubrft Hox, saroge'Hufi Ha yrJroBoeocrp,e
(puc. 30,6) roxe nocdryl*nr .E{E BbreMKu6e.nnx ,ec"" u n"uronayrc
HJrrrAJrfl no"'ryqeHnfl ToHKr-rx[ITpIrxoB s touosor? fpaBnpe.
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Puc. 29.

Zs gonrnqltLlx clruu Mo>Ktto cAcrarb pc3tll,t pa3,'n{rltoro npo$tt,rn

Il roHrrlruxe.tn (cu. pue. 29). flonyxpyrnuc craMccKu-1'orulrruxcJru
[peAHa3HaqeHbr AJrn ElreMKH 6elux Mecr, a pe3UaM]r-uruxedtBr\,rl
AeJ'IarorJrHHtl,upasnoft ToJIrquHbI. Tpy,unocru H3foroB.rreHufl mrlt-
xeneri I,I3 3oHrh.rgblx cnuq B ocHoBHoM cBr3aHa c lrpoqeccoM
sarailKr. Tyr nerxo ilepeKaJrnrb rrJlrr He4ot<anum. floyuurecb sar(aJnr-
BaTb pesubl y onbrTHoroKy3He[a I4JIH
cJrecapfl,a npl,rlaTb HM ocTpoyroJrbHyro
SoprrrycMo)r{erecaua or6nnxoir cnsqn,
ryro 3aKpen,resuoft Ha Hanr,rJrbHuxe (cn.
puc.31).'
Eule seo6xoAr{MoHenpemeHHoHa-
yrrr,rrbcfl3araqr4rBaTb
pffirlbr. .ILrs eroro
Ba)KI{o npI'IBLIKHyTbAepx{arb JlOKOrbIIO-
Bbrue u r{enoABH)KHo,a BoaIlTb ToJIbKo
Kacrbro x ce6e u o6parHo, rlJtorno npfi-
)KaB pe3eu K i{aMHo. IIpn 3ToM Har.o
creArlTb, qro6u efo noBepxrtocrb craltu-
B a J r a c bp o B H o ( c ' n . p u c . 3 0 , a ) . T o q a r I l a
KaMHfix,Ha3brBaeMblx Saurur n g,rnurefin
(rax u cnpaurueaitre i.rx e nnaraaunax),
CMOI{CI{HbIX CMCCbIO MAruI{HHOTO.MACJIA I{
cr{HnHAapa r{Jrr.rKepocI{Ha.
Haxoueu, Hyxr{a eul.e Kox(aFras aJrI{
xo,luroBaff noAy[rKa, sa1uras necKoM.
Ee nerxo cAe,rrarb,crxr.rnABa Kpyra Ka)K-
Ai,rrl AnanaerpoMB lB cnr. Cruarufi rpyr-
..ilt'tti MeI,IlOKBbIBOpaEIHBarcr,ea6nnarct
A O O r K a 3 an e c K o M ,a o T B e p c T H 3
ea u t f i B a - Prrc.30.
0t
 ror._foroByro[oAyrxKy pa3paBHr.rBaror
AocKoil.oua uyxua AJrfi roro,
qro6tr o6ecneqnrnpe3Kyrrl{crbrx noJryKpyr/rbrx
H n/raBHoLr3ofHyrbrx
nnurrrl(puc.32,a).

Pqc. 82.

3anouHnre, KaK gro Ae"'Iaercfl.Ha noAyurNy KJraAyr AocKy c Ha6w-

rbrM rTuHoJreyMoM r.rK HeMy rlp'n)Kr.rMar,or npanofi pyxoli ocrp.r4epe3ua.
llpn broM pyKa c peeqoM Ao,'rxHa ocraBarbcrr HerroABt4x{Hot, io,rixo
ycLrJrwBafl,unu ocna1nfifl Hax([rMHa pe3eII, OTr{eroIIuHufl MeHfler cBoro
To,'IuI[Hy, a usrw6 ee Aocruraercrr 6naro4apt rroBoporaM AocKu Ha
rroAyrxKeneeori pyxofi. Pyvra pesrla yrupaercrr B JraAoHbMexAy yKa-
3are"rbHbrMu 60n]'.mur,n narlbqaMr.r.flptlrue rxrpilxH HaHocrrr oi [e6n
BnepeA, c,'refKa B!'IeBo.t{ro6u Kogeu nHcrpyMenTa He cpbrBaJrcff,oH
orrnpaercrr Ha rad'reu.leeorl pyr<u (cu. puc. J2,6), xoropufi raxxe no-
Mor_aeT Br,IAep)I{aTb Hy)KHOeHa IIp a B,'IeHLIemTpII Xa.
KorAa Ae'ralor rpaBlopy 6onlrrroro pasMepa, rAe roHKocrb rrrrpr{-
xoBKH }re raK Bax(Ha rr perxeHue 6onee AeKoparrrBHo,6epyr cTaMecKy
c Anrftrnoft pyuxoft 14Aepx(aT ee raK, qro6u Mo)KHo 6lIno sanocnrt
92
 AJIHHHbIe u IIIHpoKne j[HHvIn, a npeoAor'IeBaTb conporllBJleHlte Ma"epua-
JIA C MEHbIIII{M VCHJII..IEM.
Bcerr,ry gTOMy MOX{HO Hayqr.rrbcfl, TpeHr.rpyscb E npoBoAq npflMbre
It noJlyKpyrilbre ilrrljun, r]rrptrXH pasHori ToHaJrbHocrr, pa3Hofo xapaK-
repa (puc.33). CnAerbHaAorpflMo, a pyKtrAepxarb Ha Becy.

Puc.33.

fle.Iaranze c I'oroBbrx r{Jrnue rpe6yer 6onruoro HaBbrKa,a raKxe

ocHoBareJIbHOfO r43yqeHHflcsoficrB KpacoK, nplreMoB noJlyqeHr.iflxopo-
ulero HaKaTar(pacKHHa KJIrrUe14orrltcKoB c AOCKtl.B nOc.leAgeM,ecJrft
BbI AEJIAJ'IflOTTIICKI,IYKA3AHHbIMI4 BbIUJE ABYNIfl CN.OCO6AUN,
Y)KE CCTb
IIpaKTI'lKa' a Bor pacKarKy KpacK'I{ AJIfi JII'tHofpaBIopbt HaAo I,IByqLITb.
AeJrarorpaoKzrKy oHaqa"rano creKJry(puc. 34, a) vanuxornr(xynu-
-rrnr.r
re B MafasuHe.Qoro.npr.rHaAJrexHocreficaenarlie caMr.rfi3 KycKa
pesr,Honori
rpy,6xz,H'arnpymrtHa Kpyf,ryo naJrKy-cKaJrxy(puc. 54, e),

Prrc.84.

Ha Korqpbllr Kpacrry K,raAyr Ho)KoMpaBHoMepHo,ToHKrrMcnoenl.

!,e_
JIalor 3To Ar'Is paBHoMepHocrl4KpacoqHoto cJlor LI Adrff flpoBepKH,rre
norla,rru JIIr B KpacKy <<neHKa>>
or Sacoxueil nnesxpt u. KaKafl-JIL\6OUe-
)I{eJIareJIbHar npHMecb.3arem 6epyr foroBoe Kdrrr{ue[r ret{ x(e Ba,r?rKoM
 HaKarbrBaror KpacKy Ha JrprHoJreyM, paBHoMepHo{,Br{ra_fiBAilLTKoT ce6fl
fi_K ce6e, a Aocxy npHAep>K.HBan y,tfia (cil. puc,34,6).
sa ABa Hr.rll<Hinx
Hi{ e Koera cfiyqae npE grom HeJrbgg<<Bo3ltrb)> BaJIHK no rratpaBltpo-
BaHHoMyJrnHo/reyMy,r{Halre npacKa nona,qer r 6opos4r<r,r turpr.rxoB,
< < 3 a B a d l H rTp)a>B I O p y .

Prac.35.

V6eAreuncb, qro Kpacxa HaKarana paBHo*{epHo14roHKr.rM, Hex(rrp.

rrr,rMcJloeM,6epyr 6ymary fi HaKJraAbrBarorua KJfirure (puc. Ji), nerno
nprf,rra)KrrBarcr pyxoft. 3arenn nporaparor 6yruary eocKola t.r etr1e pa3
xocroqxori qepe3 roHK]1,fi nucr KaproHa, r<oroprifi Harepr rpaQuiona
u 6yAer ocraB,rlflTbua 6ynnare ortuiN Bo Bcex Bbrnvx/rbrx nrecrax. grnnr
MOlKrror{oHTpo,Tr4posart ce6q I{ cfieAldrb,Bcg JIH nonepxHocrb fpaBro-
pbr nporepra nocroqxoft. Koraa npGreprbr Bce BbrrryK"rrbrerrlrpr{xn
il KpyrrrrbrenJrorrlaAlrnflTerr, paBrroueprro cHr.IMaloT6yuary c yfJla,
c,{cnrra uorfiflrRas cc r ce6e (puc. 36). Ec.nu orrncr rrJrn orAe,rrbHbre

Puc. 36-

C f O M E C T A H C A O C T A T O I { H Oq E P H b I , T O H A K J I H I I I E T ' J I I { H A X A X O I I - T O
YqACTOK
TIOAKATbIBAIOT BAJII{KOM EII{C KPACKY. ECNrE KPACKH H3J'I}IIUEK I{ NO,'IY'
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yroJrrqeuHbre
rurpaxa, ?o Ho>xoM(runaxrenem) Haao
cl{flTb xpa.gKy co cTeKJIa' cHJIbHo Ha Hero Hax{HMafl u Dpn>KwMafi K cTeK-
ny npanofipyNofi.
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qa"Ia 3aFrqrnft,Mnoroe y3Haere I43 codCTBeHHOrO
onbrra, TaK KaK
xa x<Auir Haq HHaFoIItrII1 audn no-cBoeMy npHHopaBrr4Baercfl K rex HrrJKe
-rr
r{ Marepr{aJraM,HaxoAHTcBordnpaemu u cnoco6u pa6oru.

e4
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oKHa' rofAa Ha nporflMer{ulr Bcefo A}rR ycJroBHr ocBexleH}rfl MoAe,'rn
14 xor'rcra
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oueHr yAo6rro AJrfl pa6oru.
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y loxHofo n loro-3anaAHoro oKHa' To Ha BpeMfl, KofAa B KoMHary
rlaAaloT c,'IeJlflqne cod'IHeqHble JIyqH, MelllarcIltue ilucarb, Mo]KHo gaBe-
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oroABlrarb uo;l6epr H Harypy s r,rly6l KoMHarH.
tj TeX Cr'ryqafl.\, KOrAaSaAyMaeTeflficaTb HaTrpMopT B KOHTpaCTHOM
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nucarb B lloa'llTbM€tlpKo ocBeuLfltrryroilarypy; rJ'Ia3aycTaHyr or no-
cTorrHHorope3Kofo nepexoAa oT cBeTar( no.nyTbMc.
llepnoe npaBHr'Io rudopa Mecra Alt- :arrrrrrfi: ocBeuleHHocrb
xor'tcra (iznn pncynxa) ne AoJIxHa pe3rio orrr4qarbcrr ()1.ocBeureHHocru
Harypbr. Bropoe npanmr'ro:cBer Ha xoJrcr {ana pucyrrox) Aonxeu na-
Aarr o6sgare,'IbHocJIeBa.PuexoeaHHo rrEcarb npoTHB cBera: nocrpa-
Aaer speiiue. Ecnn cne.rrrAer cffpaBa, ro pyKa pucytoqero or6pacunaer
T e r r b H a x o " ' I c r ,c o 3 n a B a r i r o m e x nn p a 6 o r e .
CreHu KoMHarbr>KeiIareJIbHo BbtKpacarb B cBer,ro-cepufi uner,
a noro/roK - n 6ennft. Padoeurl yfoJroK AoJrx{efl 6u'm AocraroqHo
ltpocropHbrM,uro6lr HMeJiacb Bo3Mox(Hocrb craBrrrb HarropMoprbl
rI pacno,IaraTbcfi oT HHX Ha paccTorrHHrl , pasqa,JnSsyu-rpe.u uau6olo-
tuuj4 uS.nepeHuntr Hargpbt, Ta ecrb rarc,.qro6bt trroJtcHo6autO oxearot-
B&Tb Bsetndo,t'LBCt{,\OCTAHOBK|S qerto.M.3ro Heo6xoArrMoa,irfl ue,'ro-
crHoro Bocrrpurrrnrr lrsodp axeu,ufl Harlop Mopra.
He rax4trii camogeerellnuft xyAoxuirx Mox{er nu6paru croJrb

e5
o6uttpHoe noMelr{eHl{eA.IIflgaHffTllft, ,rro6n B HeM Moxflo 6Hflo crasuru
n x(nByro MoAeJrb(pnconarr Surypy qeJIoBeKaneo6xoAauo c raKoto
c KaKoro ee MolKHooKI.IHyrbBsrJInAoMn uelovt). llooro'
paccroflHr,rrr,
My, BcefAa I.IMeflnpu ce6e anr6ou, 6o,'Itue saHu[{ai{recl ua6pocxauu
t,r 3aprrcoBKaMl{ Qurypu .{eroBeKa Ha y,'Ilrqe, Ha npol{SBoAcrBe'-
B crroprr{BHbrxsaJrax r.rAoMa sa o6HqHltNrLIgaHrrnflMlt. A s cBoeM pa-
6oqeu yro,qKeorpaHrqbrecb [ocraHoeroft N,IoAeneft Ans p[cyHKa rofio'
Bbr, pacnoJraraflcbAr'Irrgroro Ha paccToflHl{HHe MeHeeno/Iyropa'AByx
MerpoB or HaryplqHKa.
XyAoxuur< ao,rxeu sa6nrcAars B ueJIoM He roJIbKo Harypy, Ho
lr cBoropa6ory. A gro gHaqHT,qro HaAo HaxoAHTbcflnepeA erIoAoM HJIII
pncynxonr He lrutilce, qeJrlHa peccronHuu eonnugrofl pAKu. K^poirae
Toro, HaAo noqau.{eorxoduro or pa1orot u pacc.Marpularb ee ul)altu,r
npoBepflfi BneqaT,'leHIIe,KoTopoeoHa npoId3BoAI'IT,I't CO[OcraBJIflfl
uso6paxeHue I{ Harypy. 3ro nonloraer Jlyque cpaBHuBarb,a c,'IeAoBa-
TeJrbHo, BepHee flepeAaBarb IIponopIIvu, ToHaJIbHble H uBeroBble
OTHOIIIEHI{f ,
Heflrgs pl4coBarb ro,llbKo s ann6oMe. HaAo o6ecleqllTb yc"IoBaff

a 6

Pnc. 37.
90
rr AJrfl pr.{coBaHr.rfl
cu!.fr.n cTofl.fIoSToMyK Harrafiycepb$Hbrx3aHfiTr{fi
IKI{BOrrr.rcbK)H pHcyHKoMoo3aBeAr.rrecb cTaHKaM}r, Ha KoTopbrxMo}KHo
6uro 6u saKpenurbxoJrcrr4nwnttrcr6yrr,rarz. Taroft crasoK Ha3brBamr
uono6eprou. Ha puc. 37, a noKasaHoycrpoftcrno san6onee pacnpo-
crpaHeHHbrx ranoB uonr6epror, HacroJlbKo npocrblx,qro oHI,IHe Tpe-
6yror noxcueHuft.CAenarr no4o6Hueuolr6eprbr HerpyAuoKa)KAoMy,
KToMadro-MaJrbcKr.r B,'IaAeer py6aurou lr nunofi.
Vxaxeu npuMepHbre pagMepbrrrepBofoug Hr,rx!BbrcoraocnoBubrx
croer 150 cM, ToJrrqr.rHa oxono 4 cu npn ruupr.rHeAo 9 clr, rrlr-rptrHa
uons6epra oKoJro60 crvr.Cpe.qnarBeprr.rKaJrbHat peftxa, ua xoropofi
BBepxI{ BurroABn)Kercfl xoMyrHK, r.rMeer AJIr{Hy120 cu, To"rqI.{Hy
2-2,5 cM npr{ rxnpr{HeAo 9 cM. K xoir.ryruxyHa nerd'rerrpnKperrJ'rflercfl
nJIaHKa C BbrCTynaMn, KOrOpaq onycKaeTcflHa rroApaMHrlK H Aepxr.{rero
c KpeHoMBrrepeA.Har,ros xoJrcra nu6npafire raKofi, qro6u ero
nJlocl(ocrb6u,ra crporo neprrenAr.rKyJrflprra ilyrry 3peHr.rsxyAolKHr.rKa.
.(,na pzcooaHuay4o6eHnltaHuer, noxasaHlrnriHa puc. 37,6. Bsco-
ra ero npnMepHo120cm, ufipnHa45-50 cu. Cuusy npu6uoaercnpefi-
Ka c saKpanuoir,roroparr c.[yxur yAo6Horlno.noqxofi A,'rflKapaHAaueft,
pesLIHKI{, yrna. Otr<rlAubre Hox(KtrKpenqrcfl rra nerJrsx. OaHepa Ha
fiJIaHITIeTHaKJIeUBaeTCq LI 3aKperrJlteTCgMe,'rKriMr.I
rBO3AtrMr{,KOTOpbte
ga6lzsarcrcr irKK]pzl'rHo,Tax, ur,o6u He noBpeAr.rrb, poBHyro floBepx-
Hocrb, ua xoropori KHo[KaMr{HJrr{KJIeeM[pr.rKpenJrsercqrncr 6yuaru.
PeftNa Aeaaror r.r3xopouo npocylreHHoftApesec[HH cocHbr unu 6yxa.
Osn ue AoJIx(HbrHMerb BbrrraAarou.l{xcyrrKoB. Xopotuo Bbrcrpyfanubre

Plrc. 38.

97
periKu HaAo rrrKypr{rbAoH fiocJre c6opxu, a r,orosnfi l.ro,rr6epr noKpbtrb
cBer,IIbIMJraKoM A"lq Me6efi,Ia,uro6rt rerqe 6rtn.o c'oAep)Karb ero B qJ{-
crore.
3 a 6 o r n r e c o , q r o 6 u B c e , r I T oo K p y x a e r B a c H a 3 a H q r t 4 s x ,6 l t , r o r p a '
olBbrM n yAo6uuu.
!,.nr xpaHerrrrr 14nepeHoca KpacoK, xficrefi, IIaJIIzrpbr o6q3atenlno
nplo6perure r4Jrrrc4e"raftre srfiAuun n ropodxy AJII tyaueBblx Kpa'
cox. A,rn sat.nruft Ha6pccxanan yAo6nu aaa6outt c $yrnrpanrtr.rJltl
r(apaHAarlefi (puc. 3B).
Harroprraoprbl, Koropble co6npaetecb nncaTb oAIIH ceaHc, MoxHo
craBr4Tb sa o6r,tqnou croJle. Ho ecnu npegcrol4T nl{carr, IIecKo,'lbKo
ceaHcoB,HaAo crpyflIlhpoBarb npeAMerbl B Mecre' r4e ltx He"
cABHHyr Ao,Moqa4,ubl.Vaodno iaMerb or!,eJtb'Hylo "aKoM nodcraercg d.nn ua'
rrcp.r4oprol (puc. 39) sncoroft 70-80 cM, a MoxHo cn,errarb l{ [o.{Bec'
Hylo AocKy (pac. !0). Ha ncgnutt c"nyuafi Mecro KalKAono np-eAMeraIia
[oAcraBKe, a reM 6onee Ha croJle B KoH'Ilecea,Hcaouepuunafire MeJoM.

PNc, 39. Puc.40.

I'ICKyCCTBeH'
,[,,ra eanxrnft pnCyuxOM Egaqafie Uaa6Onee BbIIOAHO
Hoe oCBeIJteHIIe,TaK KaK ClIJIbHbIit nanpaa'neHHltfi cset JIaMnbl CO3AaeT
KorrTpaCTHyI,OCBeTOTeHh, KOTOpafi BLIpa3{lTeJlbgee BbIgBJIfleT_SOpttly
nno1e,ont.llO.nOxenne JIaM[bI MO114HO MeHgTb, CO3,{aBafl p aSHOO6paSuue
yc,,roBlts ocBerqeHr{fl HaTypbr. Ho npu STOM cJre,u.ure, uro6ll cBeT ,rIaMnbI
rill B KOeM C,Iyqae He naAaJI BaM B fJla3a H IIpuMepHo 0AI{HaKoBo OCBe'
r.rtaJrKaK Harypy, TaK Ir FHcyHot<. ,{,ns SToro ryrlme Bcero B3fiTb orAeJIb-
gyroJraMny, nepeHocHyta (pue.4l) unu noABecHyro c 3aKpbr,'rxaMrlua
a6axype(puc.42).
Er,rnaer, qro IIa Harypy naAaer cBer or JIaMIIbl, BI{cRIIreIIe o6rieri
KoMtraTe.t{ro6r,r gTofo He 6ulo, cBOftyTOJIOK
OTrOpoAnTeoT 9rorocBe'
g8
 Prrc.41. Pnc. 42,

ra. Harypy u pucyHoK EalKHo ocBerqarb oAHr{M rrcToqHr.rKoMcBera,

r4HaqecBeroreHb <<pacnJlbrBaercfl>>,
ycJlox(Htnorctr yc/IoBHff AJIfl pr{co-
BAHH'I.
Xueonucoto He,Lbsfr &&HaM&Tbcnnpu ucttgccrseLHon ocoet4eHuu.
TAK KAK XCJITbIC ilYIIIT 9,TCKTPOJIAMNbI MEHgIO? OTTCIII(?! I(PACOK IIA
[a/'rr.rTpeIr Ha xo,{cTe, cagr.rft IIBeT, HanpHMep, TeMlrecr, xc,Ilrr,il.i cnc.r'-
Jreer, Teprrer Hr{TeFrcrrBrrocrb. B arrc4e, IlanncatilroM rrpil JtaMtrc,c.Bc1.-
JII{e nJIaHbIOKa3r,rBaIOTCg I{aK 6U nO>Xent.eBllillMil, TeMilt,lc- llcl)cclt.
IieHHbtMLI, pe3r(trMil IIo [BeTy.
fIo neuepalr Mo)Kno nr{ca'r'r,'r'oJn,r(o l'pue:ril'ltt,xr(rtoc'r'r,rorx;'rrcrr<lii
H"tluyna6pottc 6e,tu,rannlr).3ror cfloco6 pa3Bilr]ile'f yMcttile Jtcrril'r.r,
tDopttly KIlcrbFo, rIaxoAI{Tb cBerocttJtblbtc oruoutcllrl 1 loJI(':t('tt lto
MHofliM Apyrr4M coo6pa>xeunam.
O4Haxo caMoAerrreJibnblru xyAolr(HnKaM, )KutsyilurM rra Kpairrreu
Cenepe, fAe nod'rflpnaflHorrbAJIr4Tcfl HecKoJrbl{o Mecrucl B roAy, npltxo-
ALlTCfrBCe-TaKrr3aHI1IMaTbCg ]Kr.rBonrrcblonpH 3,'reKTpHrtecr(oMcBc.r.e.
I{m xe,nare,rlHo npnodpecta nriuaHecqeuTnbre JraMrrbrAueBrroro nJrH
reit,roro cBera u o6opyAonarr coQnrr,r (cnerunluraxu) u3 AByx-rpex
'r'axux ,'raMrrB xou6usaqan c o6H'rHori .naunofi
HanailnBrr.r4s s 75-100
cseqer?.flpunaepnar KoHcrpyxqan coQnror trogasaHana puc.42.
O q eHl xop otuo, ecr'Itr ca MoAeflTeJrbHbre xy,qoxHllKrr o6teAnHqtcq An n
gaHrrrurt B rpyrrnbr rz 4o6lrcrcR KoMHarbr rrog MacrepcKyro B MecrHoM
xny6e vilfi Ha npeArrpr{firun. 3ro nosBoJrrarfiyrrue o6opyaooarb pa6o-
que Nlecra A,Tfl 3ar{rrr{ft, a raK}Ke, rrro oco6eHgo BaxHo, cogAarb ycJlo-
Brrg A,'rflo6ruesa onbrrom r{ BBaHMonoMoIrln.
 nPhcnocoBnEHrl'' Afl'' 3 AHgTnn
HA OTKPbITOMBO3AyXE
3assrzs JreroMHaAoqaqe Becrr.r Ha nJreHope.
[a u n ApyroeBpeMfl
foAa xyAoxnltxu coqeramr pa6ory B MacrepcKofic pery.urpHbtMu Bbr-
egAaMHHa grrcAbl.BeAr so MHoruxcrolKerHbrx KapraHax,noprperax,
He roBopr y)Keo nefi3axe,a raK)KeHarrtipuoprax,uso6paxeHr.re nplr.
poAbrrrMeer6o,rtruoegHaqeHr{e.
Bu yxe gHaere,rrro npa ou6ope Mecra AJrrr nJreHgpHorosrroAa
BaxHo naftru BbrroAHyro AJrs KoMnoezrlunneftsaxa rorrKy speHrn. Tyr
>xeua)o noea6orutacn u o rou, qro6at nprcufi co.ouequtu) c6er u/u)
peQtterccoLor rue6a,serteuoil KpoHbt depeea He nadaau Ha xortcr.
I'Iuaqevx qBeroBbre orreHKH,oKpaur{Barr xoJrcrro e ro.ny6oBaro-cepe-
6pncruti, To B3oJIorI.IcrltftunwgeJreHoBarbrfi
qser, a ro troKpbrBaflero
pasHouBerubrMr4 rrflrHauu,xpaftue 3arpyAHflTnoucxrr qBeroBbrxorHo-
ureuuft.C.nengqenpxr.rftcBer corHeqHuxnyueft,npflMouaAarcrqnxHa
xo,'IcT, He ToJIbKO yTOMJIJIeT r,'Ia3a XyAO)KHI{Ka, HO n, KaK npaBI,IJIq
lpuBoAIrr K HeyAarree pa6ore HaA 3rroAoM.KorAa npr.rHecere aorraofi
grroA,HaflI]casHuftHa ffpKoMcBery, To oKaxercg, rITo oH noryr{Lurct
xaKIIM-Tope3KI.rM 14B To )Ke BpeMflo6ecqseqeHHbrM, He nepeAarcIqvM
roft co.nseqHocrnMorlrBa,paLV xoropofi ynopHo rpyArrJrHcb.
3rn0 u naturpa Aonatuat o6nearenouo uaxodurocn a reHu,
TOeCTbnprzMepHo B TaKHxx{e ycJroBlrflxMqrKocTrIpaccetHHofoocBe-
rqenurr,B KaKr.rx
noroM o6r,rrsonerrno14cMorpqr npougBeAeHvfl x<n-
BOI]lrcn.
Bor noueuy Bbre3xalor Ha srroAbrco cneqrraJrbHbrM 3oHToM(puc.43),
roropulli craBrrr rax, uro6H oH flpureHr{Jr3TroA u naJrr.rrpyB pyKax
xyAo)KHHKa.Ecnu Her 3oHTa, Mo)KHocaMrrMcAeJlarb cx,raAsofr HaBec.
Cnepxy o6tnsnre ero 6e,ruu noJrorHoM, a cHa3y o6ertre noAxnaAxoft
I.{3rrepHoropenca, caru[a. B r<paiiHeucJryqae,ec,nriHe LrMeereHH Tofo,
Hr.rApyforo, nat6upafire Mecro B reHrz or nocrpofiKr{, AepeBa, Ho noBep-
Hrire grroAHHKTaK, qro6u Ha Hero He naAa,'Ifi pe$nexcu or grrlx
o6reKron, coJrneqnbrerrtrHa n ilp,, wJtHcAenafire gKpaH-HaBecr.I3Jrncra
6enofi 6vlrarn. fa3erbr.
.Il,rn y4o6cr:ea pa6oru Ha nJleHgpe Heo6xoAlrrvr u cnequarrsufi
nepeHocHufi (ua peuHe) flrrruK AJrff KpacoK H flaJrurpbr- ern)nurc
(puc. 44). Des Hero coBeprxeHno HeBo3Mox{Ho.nrcarb Ha nJreHgpe.
Ecnu grrcAHuK nocraBzTb Ha Kor'reH14 I4JIHHa KaKoe-Jrn6onosauueulte,
To oH Mox(er 3aMeHr.rl'bH uonr6epr (uo rorrxo Anq He6onluux no
pa3MepaM srroAoB. I] srorvr cryqae xopouo uMorb crcttaduoticrAJxbtluK
(puc. 45).
B nogteAsne toAbr B 3naqure,rbrroM KoJII{qecrBe Bbl[ycxalorctl
errcduurcu, crcoufuuupolaHHbte c rpeHu{Hurco,v (puc' 46). llogo6nrte
<t<ou6afisu>>,KaK Hx rIa3brBalor xy4oxrrtrKH, oAHoBpeMeHHocJlyx(ar
u uonr6eptoM, r{ guruKoMAJII KpacoK, rlrcreir H qeM-ToBpoAecroJrrrKa,
Ha KOTOpOM MOX(HO paC[OJIOXil4Tbar(Bape"'Ib]IbreKpaCKHrI np]IHaAJre)K-
'fi
Hocrlt, a BMecro xoJlcra nocraBuTb trJlarruer c JIHcroM 6yuaru aald.il-
Marbcfl aKBapeJrbuoftxusonllcrro. Qa6puxa XyAoxecrBeuHofo Qou4a
I
100
Puc.43, Puc.45.

Pnc.44. Puc. 46.

II3TOTOBJIfleT
ABa Tr.rfia <<KoM6afiHoB>>,
OT,'IUqarOqr4XCfl
Apyr oT Apyfa
B OCflOBHoM pasMepaMl4,149TIO.4HuKLI,[pLIBIIHqIjBaIOulueCfl
K TpeHOxi-
HrrKy-cKJraAHoMy Mo/'rb6epTy.flIl1uxu MeHbruefo pasMepa, KoHeqHo,
Jlerqe, Ho Bce xe yHr.rBepcaJrbHee6onturofi <<KoM6arirr>>
(53X39,5cM),
3a uuu Mo)KHo pa6orarb Lr B Macrepcxoft, KaK 3a croJIoM ?rJIIr
y nront6epra.
Ecnn y Bac y)Ke ecrb grroAnuK, To K HeMy MoxHo rrpnKpenrirb
cK'raAHyro)epeenruugn nodcraorcg (puc. 47). flo4 ue6ontuue orroAHu.

Puc. 47, Puc.48.

Kr4 MolKHo npHBuHqHBarbH cKr'laAsoli uratun, o6brr{Honcnonleyentufi

a"'tn QororpaQraponauns c 6ontuofi eugepxroh (puc,4B). flnr sroro
B AHHrqearroAHriKasxreijire ue6o,rtuyl,o Aoueq6y, B Hee BMolirupyftre
BryJIKy AJrrrrxrarr4Ba. [oAo6urre BTyrrKr4HMer,orcflBr.ur3y$oroannapa-
Ta, flx MoxHo npro6pecrn vJrLr3aragarb B MacrepcKlix no peMorrry
6brrosnx npn6opon.
B ,qa,rluefrureM BaM npr4foAr{rcfl n 4pyroii BnA grFoAHaKa - Ma-
JreHbKI{tl,o6JietqeHHbIfisIr1uqex c orBepcrr4eMAJIrrnar'rbqa H BblABu}K-
uori nannrpofi (puc.49). Sror snoduurc depncar s p!/Ke, KaK noKa3ano,
xorAa nt{ulyr ge6o,rturue gTroAbI-Halx,'ietixu,
Qur<cupya MIlMo,lerrloeco-
t02
 l)rre..11).

-Fffi
'
+?5f

Puc.50.

crosHrje npfipoAbl. ou oqegl JrerKr.rri

r [opraTr4BHbrft,efo xoporxo Bcer.-
Aa HMerb npa ce6e, qro6br He ynycrrrrb HeoxuAaHHOO6UapyxeHHbleMO-
THBbrrr flilcaTb rroBcroly.
[,,rn He6o,rbuIHXorroAoB Aocraroqno rex KpacoK, Koropbre 3apanco
BbrAaBJreHbr Ha na/Tnrpy. Halo ror'rbKoB3flTbnpo sarrac cpeannrl ro6lrr
6enun Aa ABa-rpn HanoJroBr4Hy ficnoJrbsoBausllx rro6uni f,py.,,* lipu-
coK, Koropbrey Bac oco6esgo B xoAy.
 He sa6y4rre saxBarlrrb Ha grloAbr 6yuary E rpqnKy gna xucrefi,
Koropbre AoJr)KHbr6urn qnctltMu BcefAa. tlacro rpflguble Kucru vcKa'
>tr\arcrrIBeTB oTroAeHepaArlporo >xnBo[r]cqa.
Ecnrz He o6gase,'I[cl <<xotr.t6afisoM>, To nanl norpe6yercn cxla4uoft
uonr6epr (puc. 50), ua roropuft craBllrcn xoJlcr. V lto,'rl6epra Moxno
pa6orarl u cHAn, Irt cros, a gHar{Iir, uMerb Bo3Moxuocrr aso6paxara
nefisaxn c BbrcoKI4M II HI{oKI4Mropu3oHToM,pasuoo6pa3llrb IIx KoMrIo-
3I'IIXru.
Bce ern npucnoco6neHr.rrrMolKHo cAe,iraTbfl caMoMy, o qeM HaAo
noga6orarlcs 3apaHee, Ao HarIa/Ia JIeTHI{x eatnruft. OHIa upuroAflTcfl
u 4,nn pa6orbl B noMeIqeHHIr.
A"rn sail{urbr rJra3 or ffpKoro cBera, Me-
ilarcurero sa6.nrcAarl roHKHe uBeroBble or-
reHKr4,peKoMeHAyeM cAeJIarbKosbtpercx3 Kap-
roua, o6raayroro xoJlcroM(puc.51 ). Haro-
Heu, yirT,r.rTe, fl,pr{oerr!'IaTbe,6'e.nagpy6auxa Ha
xyAo)KHuKero)Ke Mofyr or6pacunarb Ha srloA
uexenare.rrnue peQ;rexcu. flio3roMy yAo6-
uee pa6orarb B oAexAe ceporo HJIIIsaullzrHo'
ro [Bera.
.II lo 6 Hr en q Naa KBa p ed'Ib HbIx gTIoAoB p eKoMeH-
P u c .5 1 . Ayem npHo6pecrll srIoAHtrK c nnacruacoonoii
n a.nurpofi LI ApyrIiM n np I4HaA.IIe>KHOCTfl MI4, OT'
Be(ratouuMI't r p e 6 o e a H u n MT e x H H K Ha K B apeJIH.
H a s r n 1 s t u c n p e M c t l t t ol t a , q o 6 p a r s K a p a l l A a u u a r b 6 o M , B K o r o '
pou 6yAe.rc Ac.na,rt ua6pocxLl Baprlatll'oB KoMIosHIILIII6yAyIUero arn'
c acno,toxeHue nefrsax-
a u , u t b a r u rs a r c M n u 6 p a 1 u r r a r r s b r r o A r r c i i u e p
Horo Mort'ula rta xo;lcrc. A,'Ib6oi\anpHroAllrcR u AJrfl'gapLrcoBoKAeraleft
MorHBa c ucdrblo6onee KoHKperlloro fi3yl{eH11r ux Qoptuu, a raK]I{e AJIfl
116nyTlbtx ga6poCxOn Tex MOTIIBOR, KOTOpbIe He ygneeTe HanI'lCaTb'AJIfl
ua6pocxon Quryp .lrrcAefi,pa6oraroqux B"nod're, .qJrs3apllcoBoK)KI4BoT'
l r b r xB n e f t s a x e .
!,na ycneuruofi pa6orlr AoMa r{ Ha npr.rpbgeuado ea6naeoBpeileHHo
san&crucb yaTepua/tolt lttn pucgnrca u Jfiulonucu. fiocraroqgslfi sanac
rpyrrToBaHHOIO XOJICTa pa3HOrOTI{na, XapTOH.a, pa3HbIXCOpTOB 6yir'tarlr
Aaer B93MO)KHOCTb nU6parl n HyxHuil MoMeHr sav6o;ree [oAxoAqilIl4e
uatepranu lr Qopnnaru AJIfl sTIoAoBI.{pucyHKoB.Kpoue rofo, rpyHro'
naHHUfi XO,'ICT I,I KapTOH,KaK BbI y)I{e 3HaeTe,Ba)KHOBbIAepXaTb' XO-
pouo npocyur{Tb. A A,rs fpaBrop xopouo r{MeTbBcerAa yBr'ra}KHeHHyITO
6 y u a r y B c r o l l K a x , r u n o r p a Q c r y l o K p a c K y p a 3 H o f o r o H a 1 4 . q B e r ao
' r-
urnvQoeauHufi .tuuo,leyM Ir saroqeHllble pe3IIbI' BocK, pasHoll
,9JtHQy
rvcroror" 6eHSI.IHIIJII4 AeHarypar A,1fl qI'IcTKIl .U,ocoK.He npuxo4urcn
ii,uop"to o heo6xo4nMocrpr rlMerb no,lnuii Ha6op_KpacoK u xllctefr,
N xoiopuu y)Ke npltBblKnuHa csoeft na,tl4rpeu n pa6ore.
flo naepepa,cxo,u,oBaHr4fl MarepHaJra ef,o 3anac [ocrorrHHo nonoJl-
Irrrfire u Abpxure cBoft apceHan i.s [o,'IHoft 6oeeoft foToBHocrll>. Bor
rorAa He 6yaer neoxlzAaisocreft u AocaAHbIxnoMex B .pa6ore.

104
 . XPAHEHhE h PA3BECKA PA6OT

3 a x o r r q e H n u e p u c y H K H ,B b r n o J r H e H u urep a Q u r H b r M nK a p a H A a [ r a M H
ld oco6er{HoyrJreM, rpe6yor 6epexHoro xpaHeHrlfl u HepeAKo crreun-
aJlbHoro 3aKperJreHr'I a ( Quxczpo n auvrn). f p a Qnr p acryrxeBbrBaercfl or
TpeHilflJIIZCTOB 6ylrarn, narlKaercrr.
"rlyurue Bcefo xpaHr.trbpHCyHKLI noA
creKJroM,B nanKax, qro6u 6yuara He xed'rreJlaor cBera. B xpaliueru
c,tyqae Moxrro nepeJro)Kr{Tlrax4ufi pHcyHoK Jrr4croMqncrofi 6yruaru
(xerare,'rbHo nattupoouoft unu ranrxoii) a 3aBs3arb B nJrorHyroflanKy
LIgKapToHac gaKpbIJIKaMr4, 3arrlr4ularcurHMr.I ptrcyHKr4or nbrJru.XpaHHr
ee B Beprr4Ka/'IbHoM norlox(enrir{,uro6u rpa$ur He nepexoAx.rlc oAHoro
fiucra Ha Apyrofi.
IIeHsue p[cyHKtz, npopa6oraxubre caHrnuofi unu coycoM, Heo6xo-
At4MOHCKyCCTBeHHO 3aKpe[JrflTb.

<DnxcarHsur

O 6 e s x r p e H H o e o r c r o e u H o e M o J r o K oM o x c r c J r v x u r b r r c n J r o x H M 3a-
KpenHTeJreM T a, K K a K Q a x r n u e c x n 3 r o p a c r B o p i l a i y p a . n u l r o r ' oK a s e H l t a .
Monoxo HeMrroropaa6annlrcr uoAofi ll n r.axou tinAe Hr'rlrc lo6asre-
nrena qarluofi noxxl-r caxapa Ira craKatr Hclor'rb3ytorxax tprrr<caruBAJrrl
rpaQuruux It yfodrbHr,rxpHcyHKoB.
Xe.[aruHosufi Quxcau.rB cocraBJrrrrorH3 AByx qacrefi ]xe,raruHa,
pacrBopeHHoro n 100 qacrflx BoAbr c Ao6anneHueru10-30 nporlegroB
AeHaTypaTa r4JrlrBHHHOTO Clr{pTa. 3rau cocrasoM oco6eHHOXopOtXO
SaKperrJrsTbyro,'rbHbIeplrcyHKLr.
I4uercrcs peqerrrbr cnrrproBbrx$aNcarunon. flpocrefiurufi ue Hux-
pacrBop xauuSo,'lu B AeHarypare HJInqr4croMcrrripre.
.Ifto6oft lzs grrrx $zxcarznon HaFrocrrrHa foprzgoHraJrbHo floroxeH-
uuft pncyuoK c noMorqbro fiyd'rbBepn3aropa.flpn erou cdlreAflr,r{T06bl
Ha noBepxHocrr,rHe o6pasona,rzcb KalJrrr pacrBopa (npz nonn,reHrrlrvx
6rtcrpo cHr4MarornponroNatuxor?),xoropsre Moryr Bbr3Barb r4cKa-xe-
une nso6palKe,Hrl&_ PanHonaeprronoKpbrB Quxcarnnonr p,IlcyHoK,Aanr
eMy fipocoxuyru. Ecnu oH cpa3y He 3al{pennJr:fl.rr ilaqKaer, err1epa3
[poBoAflT Suxcnponauile reM xe npneMoM. flynrnepr.rsarop Mo]KHo
saMe,HHTbulerxori l.r ceroqxoft n 4epenaunori onpaBe. llporo4n
ulerxorl, c.rlerxa cnroqennoftn Qurcarnne, no cerKe, rroJryqarcT poB-
noe_ pae6pbrsf,?rBagr.re cocraBa tto [oBepxHocrx prlcyHKa (puc. S2).
Ecrl eule o,{ltH cnoco6 6uxcu-
poBaur.rqyroJrbHbrx pl.rcyHxon.Ey-
Mary npeABap'HreJrbHoflpoKJrer.lBa-
roT pacTBopoM )r(eJraTLIHa,BbICy-
[IEBaIor ]t gareM no seft BbrnoJrHg-
lor pr.rcyHoKyr,'reM. Ec.rrn 6ylrary c
l l s o 6 p a x e H n e Mn o A e p ) K a r bH a A n a -
poM Knnqtr1eftn,o4r,r,ro xlefi pac-
rBopr.lTcfl r, cBrrxeT yro,'IbHble
rurplrxn c 6yuarori. Puc.52.

tOrt
 vutnre, rITo or 0axcarmroe Bcex BaAoB, a oco6ellHo cflr{proBbrx,
reMHeror pHcyHKrlu 6eaue yqacrKn 6yttatu.
vNagasHrrna' cocra*a*n $Nxcnpyror r{ nacredrb, Ho oga np' oroM,
KaK roBop["rocb Bbrrrre, cr4JrbHo npeo6paxrae?cfl r{ npuo6peraer B}rA,
TeMnepL,r.ilacte,nr cogepruelrno ne4ouyirnrvro
$lrxcrEponari .n"p.o"or.
ruu suxcautBaMr{, or Koropbrx oHa He rGJrbKoreMHeer, Ho It ocbrnaercfi.
3rrc4rt, Bbr[o,rIHeI{HbIe tIacreJlbro, pagBeru{Baror Ha creHax, Ha Koropble
He naAaer cJILrrxKoM flpxuft ceer.
Axrape,rrurre pa6bru losres B ocHoBrro* cBera rr cbrpocrr.r. or
cBera xeJrreer 6ynnara r4 EErroparcT KpacKH. IOarouy aKBape,'rbHbre
9Tr,OAbr xparrflT. B nanKax E cyxoM noMeilreHHn,a ecJflr )r(eJIaFoTr4X no.
Becr{Tb,To rloMelrlaror troA creKJIo. IIpn sroiu creKJr,oHe Ao,lxHo Ka.
caTbcrl)KHBonIlclt.
3rro4sl, HarrucatrtrrlteMacJIoM, lrao6opor, lrc6gr cBer, ro.ropufi
ycKopfle'I'flpocyul(y Kpacoqllbtx cJtoeBI{ npHAaer 3Byqrrocrb ,'reccHpoB-
KaM 14nacro3HbrMnpojrlrcKaM.Ho ntr.nn H cbrpocrb*sneriuue Bparfi
rr,rac,rqHoft )KlrBorrucr{.Ilosrorny 3rroA, xoropufi co6Hparcrca nucarb erqe
r{ecKo,lbKoceaHcoB,TrldareJrbHoooeperarcr or nbIJIr{, a saKoHqeHHbtft
BbrcyufiBaror, 3aKpbrB tr rrocraEr,rBero <<JrauoM>> K cTeHe. flOCne rOro
KaK KpacoqHbrecdror{aoco.urorso BbrcoxHyr
{nprarvrepHoqepes roA-rroJt-
ropa), KapTI{HbIIIepeAKo lloKpblBamr cneqHaJIbHbIMJIaKoM, cJIerKa
nporHpafl Bcr,oKpacoqHyro[oBepxHocrb ]r HHrAeHe AorrycKarr[oATeKoB
s,'rlr fycrbrx uacnoenaft (npe4rapare/rbH0 KaprHHy oqilualor or flbrJrlr
aarxor?,c,'rerr(aclroqenuoft r cxuna4ape).
tr{acnssne grroAbr flyrr,ue rcero xpanr4rb B cyxoM noMeqeHa' Ha
cre,'r,'ra)Kax,Ha Koropbrx oHprxopomo flpoBerpltBarorcff r.I o6eperanrcr
oT yBJtaMrreHHfl.

llogroronra pa6or K pa3BecKe

Ecnn xortre BbrBecr4Tb cEoH fiyqruae pa6orsl, llx HaAo oKaHToBarb

HrTHrroMecrfiTb B paMy (ayurne Bcero co creKJIoM AJIff [peAOXpaHeHrrff
or rrlr,ru). B rou rr ApyfoM cfiyrrae neodxoAauo nponnzir BKyc H no-
HHMailtrccBrr3r.r oKarrroBK?rL4JIVpAw:fj,C XapaKTepou H o6qeft tosala-
Hocrbro npolr3BcAerrrrrr, a raKxe c uBeroM cTeHbI, Ha xoropofi 6yayr
BI{CeTbI{apTIIIil,I.
P r ' r c y r r x rnr r p a ( r r r . l e c r c r rpca 6 o l l r r r : l r i J r e n B a r o r crrrra n a c n a p r y n p e -
rrMyuecrBcilrro il3 (lc"rofi 6ynaaIll, aKBSpCJilt - rre roJ'IbKoHS 6-enbft,-HO
H rr3 cneur4a,utrrorirloTrrori irymaru, unncroutcfrrreli.rpa.urnsrfi yu6put-
crHft user rioreMHeBureroxoJlcra. lta a rotsn ctlJ4ae He/rbsnbenara
nacnaprA us qaeruofi Hacro/rbqoti 6guazu, uner xoropor? a4onrr u
sa-
6usaer. KpacKr'rgrroAa. flacnapry Aonxrrc rap*orr'poBarl c qseroeori
raunorl 3TloAa nnu 6lrrn [efirpanurr,rM, noMorafl uocnpznHntaro **-
BON IICHbIE AOCTOI.IHCTBA TIPOHSBEAEIIII'I.
b]y )Ke rpe6onannnM AoJr]Krl,r.orBeqarb . r, p aMbr. lloerouy
,0arerbr
^ _[9199" <cyca,rlbHofi>>
H3 nosoJloqenuofi nenuHHrr, c,'IIIIIIKoM BbrrrypHHe
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.
r06
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p1c-qHxawfir4srrlAa, rpa$nuecNoripa6oru
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I:pry rpaBrrflbuopacnorroxari no.,,". B ;;;^i""^;",noro*."
npocrofi cnoco6 (puc. 5S)'. Ilono:xare cHaqa,rra
pr4cyHoKBn,rrorHyro
BepxueMyyrury, no"rred6 -B pa3,4,ennre
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BepTI4 Kar'Ib BM. 3areu pa3Ae"[.r,rre
nonor,raM
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Mecro Hr,xHefoflpaBoroyrJra pHcyHKa
napry. fl.puxnennarbprrcygoxny.ruie nri-
"a
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rycrolr cronapHufi x",left.Ho
u noe* clyqae
ue no,rleyfi Tecbcr.rrT
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r.r
flMI4 14CAHAeTI{KOHOM: oHh Aauo" x"rrbre"ttailrTrra
H froprflr pHCyHOK.
^_-,flranrpry MolKer 6urt
oKoIIJKa,
cAeJrzuloH B BH.nc
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Ira plIcynoK, r<oropltfi c
o_6paruoficropoHbr npoKJrer{Baror
rpeMq no/rocxa-
rur-r-
6yruaru. Oopuar Bblp$a nu"nup"y
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1
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uepuori 6ynaru. B rapior, ri roropufr
19 "1.
Haxrr-er4Baercs
pflcylg1,, ue sd6y4bre npegBapr4-
TeJrbHOBK,lreHrb yIIKI{
AJIg Hrlr"_nole"cu.
Mox,no o'oftrwca o.* o*inr"#ir--lr*runu
nac[apry, ecdrr
H r{crroJrbgoga
rb cneq"a"rusoft +;,p"- Puc.53.

N
naHcxo6n (puc. 54)
,n:^y.:ll"ou,
xrlMaM,Hcrex"'rar-rnoA,rrox(K,
pre. 84.

Koropbrecrryr{ar oAHoBpeMerj}ro
G
3a-
* np*ooii^ arq iloqre.m"ud"ru pa6,r.rrr
Ha cTery. 9ru cr'r<o6uMOlKeraeiorouaro
,nrc60r1cJrecapb'3 ,',.x()/rolt

t07
6etoro MeTa,/rJra,cTaJrrH.Kpa,cninu ,paM,KH'y3rllilTlHrHblx1py6oK, rqpoAa.
roTbn pagHblx $opMaTOB ,B Mara36rHaxXyAQOHao H rHBIOr6lB.IIfIOTct{ He'
M 11
bI.M,HMa,CTSpCIKII
I(OT,Op rB I{pyflrHbIX nopOAaX.
Plzcyuxu a eiraunu Belxalor BnJIorHyrcK crene. 9rrcAu pacno"Ia-
faIOT C TaKIIM HaK,'IOLHOM,qTO6bI,IlX IJIOCKOCTb I.{ ,{yq SpeHi'Iq qeJI'OBe-
Ka, paocMalpr.rrBaroqeno pa6oTy, yroJl,
cocTa,B"rIflJrLI 6ttusxuit K'n,pff-
-
MoMy. Ocneureulreno Bo3Mo)KHocrHHaAo nu6uparl cJIeBaH pacceflH-
HOe.
KOHCyJIb-
floAroran.lr.lBafl pa6orbr K OrlpaBKe Ha BbICraBKyVrJrItHa
ynaxyfiTe B IIJIoTHbIe [aKerbl'
TaIIuro, cHI{MI,trexo!'Icrbl c noApaMHl.lnon, t
I'lHaqe oHI'I coMHyrcfl I'IJII{ noKo-
H"^auopuu"BaiITe pHcyHKLIB rpy6xr'r, 'xo'ncr I
poOoi.i. B xpafiH'ertl!,lyuae, ec,'llt 6o'llruoil, a cAeJIarb A"Ifl
It
KapTr.rHbr qu{r.rKrpyAHo, ero HaKarbrBa}orHa To,'lcTyrorpy6Ny llr'In lladt- *
, I I o e MB l l y r p b . P a 6 o r n t u a n e p e ' c y m e u -
n y ' n o o x s a r e J r b H o - K p a c o q H b cl M
fpyllTax cBepTbIBaI{Hfi IIe BbI-
HbIX Mac"'lfltlblxI{ Ha xpyrlKl4x KJIeCBblX
a toT, p acTpecKl{ Ba IOrCfl lI OCblII a loTcu'
Aep)KHB

lIPocn'rorP Pa6ot

B b I K p o H Tlb{ a c .
B N a x o e 6 u n p e u r r o A a B b l H u 3 a H H M a . n I { car , 'H a A o
qro6lt nocMoTpeTb BCe HaIIUCaHHOe I',IHapI{-
npyroii cBeT,,roronpeueHn,
coBaHHOe.
CTeHbIKOMHaTbITaK'
Pa6ortr HaAo paccTaB,'tttTbBAOJIbCBo6oAHOft
qTo6bl CBeT rI3 OI{!Ha ,IIaAa"t Ha HLIX CJIgBa rI{ rHe Br,I3bIBaI 6"IU]KOB'
B pflA Hyx(Ha v Ntfl roro, uro6lt [pocfleAl'{Tb xo'u' sa-
PaccraHoexa
cBol'I rBopqec-
Hqrr.Ift sa onpeAeJleHslrftorpe3oK BpeMeHPI' 3aMer'Hrb
B STIO-
Kl,tft pOCT,tI Allfl,rOfO, utO6lI yBI'IAeTb' HeT ,'IH OAgOO6paeUfl
Aax'HeKoqyI,oTJ|I4olfiwI{Te)KenpI4BbIIrHbIe<<3aMecbl>>I{3pa6o
u pa6oty.
' craBfl orloAbl-.
flor6u cMorpl{Te Kax{AyIo pa6ory no orAeJIbHocrI{'
6uyto
nu roni6.pr (ranyuue BceroroMeqaflnpl{ sroM1-t1!^o"*lry
UJIU Harypa',tbHoft ApeBecilHbl',
fi"qfl cepvrc paMoqKy H3 TOHKITXflJIaHOK qro6nt
llllip^ildp oil;i. O""i;"t. o" pa6ornHaAon)KHoe paccro'Hl4e,
'r cyA1lrbo roM,HacKoJrbr(o ueJrocrHoco6pa-
;;;;r; u'n.fr u"e B ueJroM y6eaurncn,
JIlr KpacKH,yAaaocrilru nlr4epNaTbIaMI{y. 9ro6n B STOMBBepxHo'
pa6ory
npfioeranr Aaxc I( ral{oMyrpnKy: nonofiauunaror Cpa3y IIeox{l'l'[allllOMBnAe
raMI,r H OInTb cMoTptrT u:tAa.llll. B laxou
SaMeTFIbITenflTlla'I(oTopblclIeltIlltcaJIl{cbBraMMy,ocTa,ll{cb<qyx(H.
<r'py6<luxy>' cocr'aB.lIeHHyrcII3 KLc-
rur.rr. I4soraa cMorptlr lta pa(rory tt
tefipyx,I,IJIHB3epKa,rIo'I]KoTopoMcl.allol|'t1.c'I3aMcTHbIMI,InorpelxHo.
crl{ B pl'tcyHKe.
< < l l l l c r p y M e H T o M >B>a H a J I f i 3 e
H o ' o c u o n H u M T o q H b I Mu 6 e c n o u { a A l I b l M
aBl'opa' xynbkuur<a' VlreHun elt-
cBoux pa6or fln,'Irercn rJIag caMoro
pa6orax IIaAO yq}tTbcfl' IIOMHq I',IraKoe IIpaBI',l-
AeTb HeAOqeTbrB cBor{x
oqeHb HpaBl{rcff B 3roAe rlJll{ pl{cyr{Ke' ro-Aaft BpeMfl'
;;;A;;;"o-,ln6o
f.Ila3 OT Hee' n oofl3areJlr'Ho
ocTbIHb, nocMoTprI{ pa6ory, KOrAa .orBblK
IIMeHHo B roM, qro oco6erlHo HpaB[JIocl npex4e' h6o
safiAu HeAoqerbl

r08
He lvtoxcT 6l,l'r'r,Mccla caMoAoBoJIbcTBy B TBopqecTBe,fi BeqIIaflHeyAoB-
lM tBIfleTCfl ABI{faTeJIeMHOBbIXnOUCKOB.
b C/ICJIalltlt
fleTBOpClltIOC'l

HaAceucn, qro BaM 6uflo no,resHogar,'IgHyrb B <<xltBonlrcHyloKyx-

HIO>>H, pa36Hparrcb B peMecJIeHaIrlefo AeJIa, rIoHflTb TecHyIo cBfl3b
npueMoB,Texrrr4KrltI Bbr6opa MarepLIa,IIoBc MeTOAaMIa pnCyHKa v )Kn'
BOnr{cH.
3rn 6eceAu He npereuAylor Ha no,'IHory cBeAeHLIfi.Anrop crpeMl'Ircq
gsaH'ufi TexHo,lloruu xI,IBorIrI4oflH pllcyHKa,
Aarb Jlr{rub raroft MHHI-{MyM
rpaQnKH, xoropufi 6un 6u AocryneH Haqr{HarcIqeMyxyAoxHllKy u Mor
6um nu co3HareJlbHolicnoJrb3oBaH.
 KPATKA' BV16
IIUO| P A(!Z|fl

X B rr 6 e p. Xueonrrcs rr ee cpeAcrBa.M., tr4sl_soArafleur.ru

xyaolKecrR
( ] C C P ,I 9 6 I .
A. B. B lr H x e p. Texrrnxa xriBo'uc' coBercKHXMacrepoB.
M., <<Conercruii
x y r o x H u x > ,1 9 5 8 .
A. I{. Kafl,ir}rK. Texutra xusonncri.M._rT., <<l4cxyccreo>,
1950.
B. A. /'I e n rr K a u. XneonHct txBaperbro..,M., tr4sl_roAra4euux xyAoxecrB
C C C P ,I 9 6 I .
n. n. P e B q K r.ru. Texlrura arnapenurroiixlBonuclt. M., loc.
r.i3A_Bo
r,lnrepa,
rypbl IIo crpol-IrenbcrBy'apxxrexType , crporirer'rbHrJu
uarepuanau, rg5g.
B. B. T rc T ro H u n r<. Marepnar,rbrtI TexHHKaxr.rBonr{cu.M.,
I,Is4-noAxaneunil
xy.qoxecrBCCCp, 1962.
B. B. T ro r ro H n u x. fpyHroeaHHbrri xo,,rcr r!,lfl uac,rsuofi
xrraonucn. M.,
1 4 r 4 - e oA r a q e v H nx y a o x e c r BC C C p . l g 4 g .
-1.H. r a.nr. I(o,ropurB xuBonucu. M., <tr4cr<yccrso>, lgS7.
K. IO o rr. ,O xunonuor.M., tr4sorus, 1987.
K o , r , n e K r u Ba B T o p o n . p u c y u oH
x x l i B o n u cBb .2 - xr . M., <Hcxyccrno>,
l 9 6r
f . C e v r e p o n . f l y n r K r r c K y c c r BM., y . <<Conerc,raq Poccur>, l969.
IO. AxccuoB, t\1.
" r I e B r . r A o B aCauoAesre,rtuoMy
. xyAolKrrrrxy.M., <Co-
B c r c r i a fPl o c c r t n >I,9 7 3 .
Peu 6 p a rrAr, A.'rr,6om M.. , < l l c r r y c c . r n o1>g, 7 4 .
H. LII r<a p o B c rt a n. Ilirpoluoe caMorenrc,lhloe Hct(yccrno.
.II., <Anpopa>,
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