Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Учебно-методический комплекс
по дисциплине
специальность
030500 «Юриспруденция (бакалавр)»
Смоленск
2012
1
Рецензенты:
2
РАЗДЕЛ 1. РАБОЧАЯ ПРОГРАММА
5
обсуждать различные правовые вопросы, участвовать в ведении пе-
реговоров, формулировать логически выстроенное, понятно и аргументиро-
ванное высказывание на профессиональную тематику;
вести юридическую переписку и составлять юридическую докумен-
тацию на английском языке;
6
1.2. ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТА УЧЕБНОГО КУРСА
Подготовка
Всего Практические Сам. Форма от-
Семестры к зачетам и
часов занятия работа четности
экзамену
1 семестр 46 32 4 8 Зачет
2 семестр 46 32 4 8 Зачет
3 семестр 56 32 4 8 Зачет
4 семестр 32 32 4 12 Экзамен
Итого: 180 128 16 36
2. Форма обучения: заочная (полная)
Практические Подготовка
Всего Сам. Форма
Семестры занятия к зачетам
часов работа отчетности
и экзамену
2 семестр 60 6 42 12 Зачет
3 семестр 60 6 42 12 Зачет
4 семестр 60 6 42 12 Экзамен
Итого: 180 18 126 36
3. Форма обучения: заочная (сокращенная на базе высшего профес-
сионального неюридического образования)
Подготовка
Всего Практические Сам. Форма
Семестры к зачетам
часов Занятия работа отчетности
и экзамену
1 семестр 90 10 62 18 Зачет
2 семестр 90 10 62 18 Экзамен
Итого: 180 20 124 36
4. Форма обучения: заочная (сокращенная на базе среднего профес-
сионального юридического образования)
Подготовка
Всего Практические Сам. Форма
Семестры к зачетам
часов Занятия работа отчетности
и экзамену
1 семестр 90 10 62 18 Зачет
2 семестр 90 10 62 18 Экзамен
Итого: 180 20 124 36
7
1.2.2. ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛАН
с распределением общего бюджета времени в часах
(для полной очной формы обучения)
Подготовка
Модуль
3 семестр 44 32 4 8
Тема 7. Intellectual Property 9 6 1 2
М5
Тема 8. Real Property Law 11 8 1 2
М6 Тема 9. Company Law 22 16 2 4
ЗАЧЕТ 2 часа
4 семестр 48 32 4 12
Тема 10. Contract Law:
М7 22 18 2 6
Formation, Breach & Remedies
М8 Тема 11. Contract Structure 20 14 2 6
ЭКЗАМЕН
8
1.2.3. ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛАН
с распределением общего бюджета времени в часах
(для полной заочной формы обучения)
Подготовка
Всего Практич. Сам. к зачету/
Наименование тем часов занятия работа экзамену
180 18 126 36
2 семестр 60 6 42 12
Тема 1. Common Law System 14 2 10 2
Тема 2. The Court System 16 – 10 4
Тема 3. Legal Professions 14 2 12 2
Тема 4. Civil Procedure. ADR 16 2 10 4
Форма контроля Зачет (2 часа)
3 семестр 60 6 42 12
Тема 5. Employment Law 16 – 12 4
Тема 6. Criminal Law 16 2 10 4
Тема 7. Intellectual Property 14 2 10 2
Тема 8. Real Property Law 14 2 10 2
Форма контроля Зачет (2 часа)
4 семестр 60 6 42 12
Тема 9. Company Law 30 4 20 6
Тема 10–11. Contract Law 30 2 22 6
Форма контроля Экзамен
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1.2.4. ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛАН
с распределением общего бюджета времени в часах
(для сокращенной заочной формы обучения на базе
высшего профессионального неюридического образования и
среднего профессионального юридического образования)
Подготовка
Всего Практич. Сам. к зачету/
Наименование тем часов занятия работа экзамену
180 20 124 36
1 семестр 90 10 62 18
Тема 1. Common Law System 10 2 6 2
Тема 2. The Court System 12 – 8 2
Тема 3. Legal Professions 14 2 10 4
Тема 4. Civil Procedure. ADR 12 2 8 2
Тема 5. Employment Law 20 – 16 4
Тема 6. Criminal Law 22 4 14 4
Форма контроля Зачет (2 часа)
2 семестр 90 10 62 18
Тема 7. Intellectual Property 16 – 12 4
Тема 8. Real Property Law 16 2 12 2
Тема 9. Company Law 28 4 18 6
Тема 10–11. Contract Law 30 4 20 6
Форма контроля Экзамен
10
1.2.6. ГРАФИК ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОХОЖДЕНИЯ
ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ
(для полной очной формы обучения)
1 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
МОДУЛЬ 1
1 Т1. ПЗ. 1.Common Law System 2
2 Т1. ПЗ. 2.Common Law System 2
3 Т1. ПЗ. 3.Common Law System 2
4 Т1. ПЗ. 4.Common Law System 2
5 Т2. ПЗ. 5.The Court System 2
6 Т2. ПЗ. 6. The Court System 2
7 Т2. ПЗ. 7. The Court System 2
8 Т2. ПЗ. 8. The Court System
МОДУЛЬ 2
9 Т3. ПЗ. 9. Legal Professions 2
10 Т3. ПЗ. 10. Legal Professions 2
11 Т3. ПЗ. 11. Legal Professions 2
12 Т3. ПЗ. 12. Legal Professions 2
13 Т3. ПЗ. 13. Legal Professions 2
14 Т3. ПЗ. 14. Legal Professions 2
15 Т3. ПЗ. 15. Legal Professions 2
16 ЗАЧЕТ 2
2 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
МОДУЛЬ 3
1 Т4. ПЗ. 17. Civil Procedure. ADR 2
2 Т4. ПЗ. 18. Civil Procedure. ADR 2
3 Т4. ПЗ. 19. Civil Procedure. ADR 2
4 Т5. ПЗ. 10. Employment Law 2
5 Т5. ПЗ. 21. Employment Law 2
6 Т5. ПЗ. 23. Employment Law 2
7 Т5. ПЗ. 24. Employment Law 2
8 Т5. ПЗ. 25. Employment Law 2
2
МОДУЛЬ 4
9 Т6. ПЗ. 22. Criminal Law 2
10 Т6. ПЗ. 26. Criminal Law 2
11 Т6. ПЗ. 27. Criminal Law 2
12 Т6. ПЗ. 28. Criminal Law 2
13 Т6. ПЗ. 29. Criminal Law 2
14 Т6. ПЗ. 30. Criminal Law 2
15 Т6. ПЗ. 31. Criminal Law 2
16 ЗАЧЕТ 2
11
3 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
МОДУЛЬ 5
1 Т7. ПЗ. 1.Intellectual Property 2
2 Т7. ПЗ. 2.Intellectual Property 2
3 Т7. ПЗ. 3.Intellectual Property 2
4 Т8. ПЗ. 4.Real Property Law 2
5 Т8. ПЗ. 5.Real Property Law 2
6 Т8. ПЗ. 6. Real Property Law 2
7 Т8. ПЗ. 7. Real Property Law 2
МОДУЛЬ 6
8 Т9. ПЗ. 8. Company Law 2
9 Т9. ПЗ. 9. Company Law 2
10 Т9. ПЗ. 10. Company Law 2
11 Т9. ПЗ. 11. Company Law 2
12 Т9. ПЗ. 12. Company Law 2
13 Т9. ПЗ. 13. Company Law 2
14 Т9. ПЗ. 14. Company Law 2
15 Т9. ПЗ. 15. Company Law 2
16 ЗАЧЕТ 2
4 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
МОДУЛЬ 7
1 Т10. ПЗ. 17. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
2 Т10. ПЗ. 18. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
3 Т10. ПЗ. 19. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
4 Т10. ПЗ. 20. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
5 Т10. ПЗ. 21. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
6 Т10. ПЗ. 22. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
7 Т10. ПЗ. 23. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
8 Т10. ПЗ. 24. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
9 Т10. ПЗ. 25. ContractLaw: Formation, Breach & Remedies 2
МОДУЛЬ 8
10 Т12. ПЗ. 26. Contract Structure 2
11 Т12. ПЗ. 27. Contract Structure 2
12 Т12. ПЗ. 28. Contract Structure 2
13 Т12. ПЗ. 29. Contract Structure 2
14 Т12. ПЗ. 30. Contract Structure 2
15 Т12. ПЗ. 31. Contract Structure 2
16 Т12. ПЗ. 32. Contract Structure 2
ЭКЗАМЕН
12
1.2.7. ГРАФИК ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОХОЖДЕНИЯ
ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ
(для полной заочной формы обучения)
2 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
1 Т1. ПЗ. 1. Common Law System 2
2 Т3. ПЗ. 2. Legal Professions 2
3 Т4. ПЗ. 3. Civil Procedure. ADR 2
4 ЗАЧЕТ 2
3 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
1 Т. 6. ПЗ. 1. Employment Law 2
2 Т. 7. ПЗ. 2. Intellectual Property 2
3 Т. 8. ПЗ. 3. Real Property Law 2
4 ЗАЧЕТ 2
4 семестр
Кол-
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия во
часов
1 Т. 9. ПЗ. 4. Company Law: Company Formation 2
2 Т. 9. ПЗ. 5. Company Law: Fundamental Changes 2
3 Т. 10–11. ПЗ. 6. Contract Law 2
ЭКЗАМЕН 2
13
1.2.8. ГРАФИК ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОХОЖДЕНИЯ
ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ
(для сокращенной заочной формы обучения на базе
высшего профессионального неюридического образования и
среднего профессионального юридического образования)
1 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
1 Т1. ПЗ. 1. Common Law System 2
2 Т3. ПЗ. 2. Legal Professions 2
3 Т4. ПЗ. 3. Civil Procedure. ADR 2
4 Т6. ПЗ. 4. Employment Law 2
5 Т6. ПЗ. 5. Employment Law 2
6 ЗАЧЕТ
2 семестр
Кол-во
№ Номер и название темы, занятия, вид занятия
часов
1 Т8. ПЗ. 1. Real Property Law 2
2 Т9. ПЗ. 2. Company Law: Company Formation 2
3 Т9. ПЗ. 3. Company Law: Fundamental Changes 2
4 Т10. ПЗ. 5. Contract Law: Contract Formation 2
5 Т.10. ПЗ. 5. Contract Law: Breach & Remedies 2
ЭКЗАМЕН
14
1.3. СОДЕРЖАНИЕ УЧЕБНОГО КУРСА
МОДУЛЬ 1
Задания по теме:
Задания по теме:
МОДУЛЬ 2
Задания по теме:
1. Тексты «Legal Education: A Call to the Bar», «Solicitors», «Barristers»,
«Business Lawyers».
2. Лексические упражнения к текстам.
3. Диалог « Getting Legal qualification in Russia, the UK & the USA».
4. Работа с лексикой «Branches of Law».
5. Игровые диалоги « Organization of Legal Professions in the UK».
6. Устная презентация «Specializing in Law».
7. Аудирование «Law Firm Structure», «Practice Areas», «Law Firm Culture.
8. Эссе «A Law Firm I Would Like to Work for» .
9. Группа времен Perfect.
МОДУЛЬ 3
Задания по теме:
Задания по теме:
17
5. Ролевой диалог «Client-advising».
6. Групповая дискуссия: «Rights of Employers and Employees in Russia».
7. Конструкции в Passive Voice.
МОДУЛЬ 4
Задания по теме:
МОДУЛЬ 5
Задания по теме:
Задания по теме:
МОДУЛЬ 6
Задания по теме:
МОДУЛЬ 7
Задания по теме:
МОДУЛЬ 8
Задания по теме:
22
1.4. РЕКОМЕНДУМАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Основная литература:
Рекомендуемые словари:
1. Chartrand, Marcella & Millar, Catherine. English for Contract & Company
Law. 3rd Ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2009. xi, 243 p.
2. Day J. International Legal English. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 294p.
3. Haigh, Rupert. Oxford Handbook of Legal Correspondence. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2006. 232 p.
4. Lee Debra S., Hall Ch., Hurley M. American Legal English. Using Language
23
in Legal Contexts. М.: Городец, 2006. 296 с.
5. McKay, William. Legal English: How to Understand and Master the Lan-
guage of Law. Longman Publishing Group, 2005. 188 p.
6. Riley D. Check Your English Vocabulary for Law: All You Need to Improve
Your Vocabulary (Check Your English Vocabulary). Black, Bloomsbury
Publishing, 2006. 80 p.
7. Smith, Tricia. Market Leader Business Law. Edinburg: Pearson Education
Limited, 2004. 96 p.
8. Аванесян Ж. Г. Английский язык для юристов: Учебное пособие для ву-
зов. Изд. 2-е, испр., доп. М.: Высшая школа, 2006. 127 с.
9. Алимов В. В. Юридический перевод. Практический курс. Английский
язык: Учебное пособие. Изд-е 3-е. М.: КомКнига, 2005.– 160 с.
10. Английский язык для студентов-юристов «American Civil Procedure».
Учебное пособие / Под ред. Артамоновой Л.С. М.: Юркнига, 2006. 160 с.
11. Анисимова Е. Г., Коростылёв С. В. Английский язык для юристов.
Предпринимательское право. СПб.: Питер, 2006. 176 с.
12. Борисенко И. И., Евтушенко Л. И. Английский язык в международных
документах (право, торговля, дипломатия): Учебное пособие. – К.: Ло-
гос-М, 2007. – 480 с.
13. Федотова И. Г., Толстопятенко Г. П. Юридические понятия и катего-
рии в английском языке: Учеб. пособие. Изд. 4-е, перераб. и доп. Дубна:
Феникс+, 2008. 376 с.
Интернет-ресурсы:
5. Legalese-replacers: http://www2.law.ucla.edu/volokh/legalese.htm
25
РАЗДЕЛ 2. МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ
При современных процессах глобализации владение иностранным язы-
ком становится необходимым условием конкурентоспособности личности на
рынке труда. Именно знание иностранного языка дает возможность дипло-
мированному специалисту увеличить свой интеллектуальный потенциал и
более успешно строить свою карьеру.
Изучение иностранного языка осуществляется в ходе как аудиторных,
так и самостоятельных занятий. Однако особенность дисциплины заключает-
ся в том, что одно только знание материала не определяет успешности обу-
чения: требуется значительное количество времени для развития речевых
умений и навыков. Поэтому большое значение играет регулярность занятий
и подготовка к ним именно через систему самостоятельной работы (СРС).
Последнее – зона ответственности студентов, и только добросовестное отно-
шение к ней поможет достичь хороших результатов.
Безусловно, аудиторные занятия также направлены на развитие навы-
ков разговорной речи, чтения, письма и аудирования и проходят под руково-
дством преподавателя, что позволяет выявить и скорректировать определен-
ные ошибки. Однако закрепление приобретенных в ходе аудиторных занятий
языковых навыков и доведение их до автоматизма достигается исключитель-
но за счет выполнения студентами заданий по самостоятельной работе.
Для того, чтобы добиться успеха, необходимо приступить к работе над
языком с первых дней обучения в вузе и заниматься систематически. Кроме
того, на аудиторных практических занятиях от студента требуется высокая
степень концентрации внимания, позволяющая участвовать в различных
формах работы и адекватно воспринимать языковой материал, предъявляе-
мый в аудитории. А для этого необходимо предварительное усвоение лек-
сики в процессе самоподготовки.
26
Вид деятельности Форма контроля
Регулярное выполнение домашних Проверка и корректировка ошибок в
заданий для каждого практического ходе аудиторных занятий
занятия.
Заучивание терминологических кли- Проверяется в процессе устной бесе-
ше по изучаемым темам, клише рече- ды со студентом на практических за-
вого этикета нятиях, зачете и экзамене
Автоматизация использования грам- Тесты по грамматике
матических конструкций
Работа с учебными текстами: Знание содержания текстов проверя-
перевод (устный и письменный), со- ется в процессе устной беседы со
ставление вопросов и ответов, само- студентом на практических занятиях,
стоятельный пересказ вслух зачете и экзамене, при оценке устной
презентации, ситуативных диалогов
Прослушивание аудиозаписей и про- Навык восприятия английской речи
смотр видеороликов на английском проверяется при помощи упражнений
языке по аудированию на практических за-
нятиях
Поиск и подготовка материалов для Форма контроля – устная презента-
устных презентации, диалогов, дис- ция, проверка эссе
куссий, для написания эссе
32
Для того, чтобы достигнуть необходимого для успешной сдачи экзаме-
на уровня владения языком, следует систематически заниматься английским
языком. Помните, что языковые способности развиваются в процессе работы,
а навыки вырабатываются путем многократно выполняемого действия.
Целенаправленная работа в соответствии с приведенными методиче-
скими рекомендациями позволит студентам определить пробелы в знаниях и
устранить их самостоятельно. Кроме того, выполнение некоторых заданий
для самостоятельной работы является необходимым условием успешного
взаимодействия студентов при работе в аудитории над более сложными,
творческими заданиями, направленными на развитие навыков ведения диало-
га и дискуссий.
33
2.3. ПЛАНЫ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАНЯТИЙ
И ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ
1 СЕМЕСТР
I. Грамматический блок
Литература:
Леонтьева К. И. English Grammar: Theory and Practice. Смоленск, 2010.
МОДУЛЬ 1
ТЕМА 1: COMMON LAW SYSTEM
Практическое занятие № 1
Практическое занятие № 2
Практическое занятие № 3
Практическое занятие №4
1. Задание «Precedents»
2. Работа с активной лексикой по теме
3. Грамматический тест на употребление группы времен Indefinite
Практическое занятие № 5
Практическое занятие № 6
1. Диалоги
2. Think about possible advantages and disadvantages of tribunals? Are there any
tribunals in your legal system? Discuss in groups of tree-four students.
3. Текст «Judges»
Практическое занятие № 7
Практическое занятие № 8
1. Устная презентация
2. Грамматический тест на употребление группы времен Continuous
МОДУЛЬ 2
ТЕМА 3: LEGAL PROFESSIONS
Практическое занятие № 9
Практическое занятие № 10
1. Диалоги
2. Текст «Barristers», задания к тексту
Практическое занятие № 11
1. Диалоги
2. Discuss in groups of three or four students: In your country, are there different
kinds of lawyers? If so, what are the differences? Describe the normal way that
lawyers become qualified to practice law in your country. Compare with British
and American systems of legal practice. Which system is a better one?
37
1. Просмотр фильма «The Devil’s Advocate»
2. Обсуждение фильма
3. Эссе по фильму «Vanity – definitely my favorite sin»
2 СЕМЕСТР
I. Грамматический блок
Литература:
Леонтьева К. И. English Grammar: Theory and Practice. Смоленск, 2010.
МОДУЛЬ 3
ТЕМА 4: CIVIL PROCEDURE. ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Практическое занятие № 17
38
Задания для самостоятельной работы:
Текст «Civil Procedure», задания к тексту
Подготовка к тестированию по системе времен английского глагола
(Indefinite, Perfect, Continuous)
Практическое занятие № 18
Практическое занятие № 19
Практическое занятие № 20
Практическое занятие № 21
Практическое занятие № 22
1. Диалоги
2. Упражнение «Resolving Employment Disputes through Mediation»
3. Аудирование «Mediation», упражнения
МОДУЛЬ 4
ТЕМА 5: CRIMINAL LAW
Практическое занятие № 24
Практическое занятие № 25
Практическое занятие № 26
1. Диалоги
2. Текст «Torts», задание к тексту
3. Диалоги: Discuss the difference between crimes & torts
1. Диалоги
2. Работа с лексикой по теме «Crimes»
3. Упражнение «Crimes vs. Torts» (на заполнение)
Практическое занятие № 29
41
3 СЕМЕСТР
I. Грамматический блок
Литература:
Леонтьева К. И. English Grammar: Theory and Practice. Смоленск, 2010.
МОДУЛЬ 5
ТЕМА 7: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Практическое занятие № 1
Практическое занятие № 2
Практическое занятие № 3
1. Текст «Information Technology Law and Cybercrime»
2. Discuss in groups (of three-four students) the following legal issues:
What problems are there for the law defining and stopping hacking?
What problems are there in balancing freedom of expression and censorship in
the Internet?
Практическое занятие № 4
Практическое занятие № 5
1. Group discussions
2. Аудирование «Easement»
3. Текст «Buying & Selling Commercial Property»
Практическое занятие № 6
Практическое занятие № 7
1. Group discussions
2. Аудирование «Property law Presentation»
МОДУЛЬ 6
ТЕМА 9: COMPANY LAW
Практическое занятие № 8
Практическое занятие № 9
Практическое занятие № 10
Практическое занятие № 11
1. Ролевые диалоги
2. Текст «Fundamental Changes in a Company», задания к тексту
Практическое занятие № 12
Практическое занятие № 13
Практическое занятие № 14
Практическое занятие № 15
45
1. Group Discussions (ПЗ №13)
2. Грамматический тест по неличным формам глагола
4 СЕМЕСТР
I. Грамматический блок
Литература:
Леонтьева К. И. English Grammar: Theory and Practice. Смоленск, 2010.
МОДУЛЬ 7
ТЕМА 10: CONTRACT LAW: FORMATION, BREACH & REMEDIES
Практическое занятие № 17
Практическое занятие № 19
Практическое занятие № 20
Практическое занятие № 23
1. Диалоги
2. Задание «Restitution»
3. Работа с активной лексикой (Красный учебник с. 90-91)
Практическое занятие № 24
Практическое занятие № 25
МОДУЛЬ 8
ТЕМА 11: CONTRACT STRUCTURE
Практическое занятие № 28
1. Текст «Exclusion, Limitation & Standard Clauses», задания к тексту
2. Упражнение по положениям договора
48
3. Лексическое упражнение «Navigating Legal Contracts: hereby, herein etc.»
ЭКЗАМЕН
49
2.4. ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ
1 СЕМЕСТР
I. Грамматический блок
Литература:
Леонтьева К. И. English Grammar: Theory and Practice. Смоленск, 2010.
50
II. Лексический блок
Литература:
Чиронова И. И. Английский язык для юристов. М.: Юрайт, 2011.
1) № 7 с. 22
2) раздел «Writing» c. 40
3) составьте схему источников права в англо-американской системе
1) № 7 с. 56
2) раздел «Speaking» c. 63
3) составьте схему обучения барристеров и солиситоров
1) № 8 с. 72
2) раздел «Speaking» c. 76
1) № 5 с. 169
2) задания № 1-2 из раздела «Speaking» c. 175
3) № 6 с. 194
4) Review Question (пункты A и C) c. 200-201
51
2 СЕМЕСТР
I. Грамматический блок
Литература:
Леонтьева К. И. English Grammar: Theory and Practice. Смоленск, 2010.
1) № 5 с. 255-256
2) № 7 с. 277
3) Review Question с. 281
52
ТЕМА 7. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
1) № 6 с. 210
2) № 5 с. 221-222
1) № 6 c. 372
2) № 5 c. 386-387
3 СЕМЕСТР
I. Грамматический блок
Литература:
Леонтьева К. И. English Grammar: Theory and Practice. Смоленск, 2010.
53
ТЕМА 9. COMPANY LAW
1) № 6 с. 85-86
2) №6 с. 96-97
3) № 4 c. 144
4) № 5 с. 155
5) Review Question c. 160-161
1) № 5 с. 293
2) № 9 с. 314-315
3) № 4 c. 321-322
4) Review Question c. 324-325
54
РАЗДЕЛ 3. КОНТРОЛЬ И ОЦЕНКА ЗНАНИЙ:
РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ
Кол-во бал-
Контроль-
Виды контроля Форма контроля лов за мо-
ная дата
дуль (max)
Устный (фронтальный) и индивиду- каждое
28
Текущий альный опрос (до 4 баллов) занятие (7)
контроль Устная монологическая презентация 2 занятия в
6
(до 3 баллов) модуле
Модуль 1 Схема-конспект и упражнения по
2 темы в
Т. 1-2 грамматике (самостоятельная работа) 6
модуле
(до 3 баллов за тему)
Аудирование 3
Модульный 9-я неделя
Тестирование по грамматике 5
контроль семестра
Схема-диаграмма по судам 2
Итого в модуле 1 50
Устный (фронтальный) и индивиду- каждое
24
альный опрос (до 4 баллов) занятие (6)
Текущий
Устная монологическая презентация 2 занятия в
контроль 6
(до 3 баллов) модуле
Схема-конспект и упражнения по 1 тема
Модуль 2 3
грамматике (самостоятельная работа) в модуле
Т.3
1 занятие в
Тестирование по грамматике 2
модуле
Тестирование по всей системе времен 17-я 5
Модульный
Письменное эссе неделя 5
контроль
Аудирование семестра 5
Итого в модуле 2 50
Бонусные Реферативные презентации, составле- весь 3 балла
баллы ние упражнений с активной лексикой модуль за каждое
последняя
Итоговый Зачет (для студентов, набравших ме-
неделя 50
контроль нее 50 баллов в течение семестра)
семестра
100
2 СЕМЕСТР
Кол-во бал-
Контроль-
Виды контроля Форма контроля лов за мо-
ная дата
дуль (max)
Текущий Устный (фронтальный) и индивиду- каждое
28
контроль альный опрос (до 4 баллов) занятие (7)
1 занятие в
Устная монологическая презентация 5
Модуль 3 модуле
59
Т.4–5 Схема-конспект и упражнения по
2 темы в
грамматике (самостоятельная работа) 6
модуле
(до 3 баллов за тему)
Модульный Тестирование по грамматике 9-я неделя 6
контроль Аудирование семестра 5
Итого в модуле 3 50
Устный (фронтальный) и индивиду- каждое
Текущий 30
альный опрос (до 5 баллов) занятие (6)
контроль
1 занятие в
Схема по преступлениям 5
модуле
Модуль 4
Схема-конспект и упражнения по 1 тема
Т. 6 3
грамматике (самостоятельная работа) в модуле
Тестирование по грамматике 17-я 5
Модульный
неделя
контроль Групповая дискуссия 7
семестра
Итого в модуле 4 50
Бонусные Реферативные презентации, составле- весь 3 балла
баллы ние упражнений с активной лексикой модуль за каждое
последняя
Итоговый Зачет (для студентов, набравших ме-
неделя 100
контроль нее 50 баллов в течение семестра)
семестра
100
3 СЕМЕСТР
Кол-во бал-
Виды контро- Контроль-
Форма контроля лов за модуль
ля ная дата
(max)
Устный (фронтальный) и индивиду- каждое
Текущий 28
альный опрос (до 4 баллов) занятие (7)
контроль
1 занятие
Устная монологическая презентация 3
в модуле
Модуль 5
Схема-конспект и упражнения по 1 тема
Т. 7–8 4
грамматике (самостоятельная работа) в модуле
Модульный Деловое письмо 9-я неделя 5
контроль Тестирование по грамматике семестра 5
Итого в модуле 5 45
Устный (фронтальный) и индивиду- каждое
Текущий 32
альный опрос (до 4 баллов) занятие (8)
контроль
Схема-конспект и упражнения по 1 тема
4
грамматике (самостоятельная работа) в модуле
Модуль 6
Т.9 2 занятия
Устная монологическая презентация 6
в модуле
60
Тестирование по грамматике 4
17-я
Модульный
Аудирование (2) неделя 4
контроль
семестра
Деловое письмо 5
Итого в модуле 6 55
Бонусные Реферативные презентации, составле- весь 3 балла
баллы ние упражнений с активной лексикой модуль за каждое
последняя
Итоговый Зачет (для студентов, набравших ме-
неделя 100
контроль нее 50 баллов в течение семестра)
семестра
100
4 СЕМЕСТР
Кол-во
Виды кон- Контроль- баллов за
Форма контроля
троля ная дата модуль
(max)
Текущий Устный (фронтальный) и индивиду- каждое
контроль 24
альный опрос (до 3 баллов) занятие (8)
Модуль 7 2 занятия в
Аудирование (до 3 баллов) 6
Т.10 модуле
61
N.B. Все письменные работы после проверки возвращаются студентам.
Их необходимо хранить в экзаменационном портфеле по дисциплине до
окончания семестра. Данные работы с отметками преподавателя являются
условием для получения зачета или оценки за экзамен, наряду со сведениями
официального журнала и личного журнала преподавателя.
Расшифровка оценки:
64
Владеет достаточно широким спектром языковых средств,
чтобы высказываться на изученные темы. Поддерживает вы-
сокий уровень владения грамматикой, ошибки делает незна-
35–37 5
чительные и легко исправляет их сам. Темп речи быстрый,
близкий к естественному. Демонстрирует освоенность всех
изученных речевых моделей и структур.
Владеет достаточными языковыми средствами, чтобы выска-
зываться на устные темы, используя целый ряд сложных
предложений и конструкций. Хорошо владеет грамматикой;
допускает одну-две грамматических ошибки в пределах изу- 33–34 4+
ченного материала, и сам может их исправить. Продуцирует
речь в ровном темпе, без заметных пауз. Демонстрирует вла-
дение большинством изученных речевых моделей.
Владеет достаточными языковыми средствами, чтобы выска-
зываться на устные темы, используя основные сложные пред-
ложения и конструкции. Достаточно хорошо владеет грамма-
тикой, допускает 2-3 ошибки в пределах изученного материа- 29–32 4
ла, и сам может их исправить. Темп речи ровный, с неболь-
шими паузами. Демонстрирует владение основными изучен-
ными речевыми моделями.
Владеет достаточными языковыми средствами, чтобы выска-
зываться на устные темы, используя ограниченный ряд слож-
ных предложений и конструкций. Использует грамматические
конструкции достаточно правильно, допускает 3-4 ошибки в
26–28 4-
пределах изученного материала, некоторые из которых может
исправить. Темп речи, достаточно ровный, со значительными
паузами. Демонстрирует владение некоторыми изученными
речевыми моделями.
Владеет ограниченными языковыми средствами для построе-
ния высказываний на изученные устные темы, используя не-
сложные предложения и конструкции. Делает достаточно
21–25 3+
большое количество ошибок, не препятствующих общему по-
ниманию высказывания. Темп речи невысокий, с заметными
паузами. Использует простые речевые модели.
Владеет ограниченными языковыми средствами для построе-
ния высказываний на изученные устные темы, используя про-
стые предложения и конструкции. Систематически делает
17–20 3
ошибки, иногда препятствующие пониманию высказывания.
Темп речи замедленный, с большим количеством пауз. Ис-
пользует элементарные речевые модели.
65
Владеет очень ограниченным набором слов и простых фраз,
заученных наизусть. Большое количество грубых ошибок,
часто препятствующих пониманию смысла высказывания. 15–16 3-
Использует элементарные речевые модели, заученные наи-
зусть.
Не способен строить элементарные предложения, не владеет
0–14 2
элементарной лексикой.
4) АУДИРОВАНИЕ
Максимально допус-
Максимально
тимое количество
допустимое ко-
смысловых ошибок
личество лекси-
Степень понимания (искажение, опуще-
Оценка ческих, стили-
содержания текста ние, добавление ин-
стических,
формации) при ответе
грамматических
на вопросы к прослу-
ошибок
шанному тексту
Полное понимание
35–40 5 1 1
(90-100%)
26–34 4 Понято более 70% 2 2
15–25 3 Понято более 50% 3 3
0–14 2 Понято менее 50% 4 и более 4 и более
67
3.6. ПРИМЕРНЫЕ ТЕСТЫ
ДЛЯ МОДУЛЬНОГО И РУБЕЖНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ
TEST 1: TENSES
1. He ____ for some time before a servant ___ and ___ what he ___.
a) knocked, opened, asked, wasted
b) was knocking, opened, asked, was wanting
c) had been knocking, opened, asked, wanted
d) had knocked, had opened, had asked, had wanted
2. The doctor ___ there ___ nothing to worry about if the fever ___ above 38, 5.
a) said, was, would not go
b) tells, is, will go
c) says, had been, went
d) said, was, did not go
3. I ____ a wash and a brush up before starting to go to the luncheon Tom ___ me
to, when they ___ me from the desk to say that he ___ below.
a) had, was invited, were ringing, had been
b) was having, invited, had rung, was
c) was having, had invited, rang, was
d) had been having, had invited, had rung, had been
5. Some day I ___ to Paris to revisit all the places where I ___ in the time of my
youth. I __ them for a quarter of a century or so.
a) will have gone, have lived, haven’t seen
b) am going, had lived, did not see
c) will go, lived, haven’t seen
d) will be going, had lived, hadn’t seen
8. We ____ him in many moods, but none of us ___ him to do a cruel thing.
a) see, ever know
b) see, don’t ever know
c) have seen, have known
d) have seen, haven’t ever known
9. He needed to feel that he ___, that he ___ here, and that his word
a) was being listened to, was commanding, was always obeyed
b) is being listened to, is commanding, is always obeyed
c) was listened to, was being commanding, was always being obeyed
d) is listened to, is being commanding, was always being obeyed
10. Look! What ___ beautiful view! The sun ___ yet, but the grey sky __ near the
horizon.
a) ___, was not appeared, is parted
d) ___, did not appear, parted
c) the, has not been appeared, has parted
d) a, has not appeared, is parted
11. When he saw that someone ____ at him, he did not immediately realize who
this someone ___.
a) looked, is
b) was looking, was
c) has been looking, is
d) had looked, was being
12. While our coffee ___, I ____ him our sad story which impressed him__.
a) was making, told, greatly
b) was being made, said, great
c) had been made, told, great
d) was being made, told, greatly
69
14. As he___ the room that morning, Ann __ up the letter which she __.
a) was entered, was holding, had just received
b) was entering, has held, has just received
c) entered, was holding, had just received
d) had entered, held, has just received
15. I ___ a note with the address of the hotel and the boy’s name into his pocket
___ he ___ his way.
a) have put provided, will lose
b) will put, providing, will have lost
c) have put, in case, lost
d) will have put, when, have lost
17. Come on, if the sun ___ before we __ home, we ___ our way.
a) has set, reach, will lose
b) will have set, will reach, lose
c) will have set, reach, will lose
d) has been set, will reach, lose
20. The great majority of students ____ present at the conference, ___ great num-
ber of them ___ to listen to your lecture and each of them __ ready to answer your
questions.
a) are, A, want, is
b) are, The, want, is
c) is, A, want, are
d) is, The, wants, has, bee
70
TEST 2: MODAL VERBS
1. "They ____ an excellent vacancy last week. You ____ an opportunity of getting
it," he reproached me.
a) had, mustn't miss
b) have had, might not have missed it
c) had, shouldn't have missed
d) were having, couldn't miss
6. He says that nothing ____, because it is too ____. But I don’t believe a single
word ____; they ____ us.
a) should do, lately, of him, mustn’t have failed
b) can’t be done, late, of his, oughtn’t fail
c) mustn’t be done, lately, of him, shouldn’t have failed
d) can be done, late, of his, can’t have failed
7. I managed to come here at half past six. But I ____. They ____.
a) needn't have hurried, had already left
71
b) needn't hurry, have already left
c) mustn't have hurried, had already left
d) shouldn’t hurry, have already left
8. If she doesn't take care of ____, she ____ have a nervous breakdown and ____
to hospital.
a) hers, may, should go
b) her, can, need to go
c) herself, may, may have to go
d) herself, must, must go
11. The only trouble is that I ___ my exams in spring and ___ them now.
a) couldn't, have taken, must have
b) couldn't take, must have
c) mustn't have taken, must have had
d) can't take, must have bad
12. The plane ___ at 5 a.m. and in this hurry-scurry she ___ the tickets on the table.
a) had to take off, can leave
b) was to take off, must have left
c) was to take off, needn’t leave
d) must have taken off, shouldn’t leave
16. They have made me ____ that I ___ selfish about it.
a) think, may have been
b) to think, must be
c) thinking, might have been
d) thought, should have been
17. It ____ late when I ___ home; there were no people in the street.
a) must have been, was going back
b) must be, am going
c) can't have been, was going
d) could not have been, went
18. You ____ worry, you ____ always rely on me in this matter.
a) must not, need
b) need not, may
c) can; need not
d) should, must
TEST 3: VERBALS
1. He seemed ___ all about influenza and said _____ was nothing ____ about.
a) to know, it, to worry
73
b) to be knowing, there, worrying
c) to know, there, to worry
d) to have known, it, to have been worried
2. She put down her book ___ me ____; and ____ me ____ took her workbasket
and sat into one of the old-fashioned armchair.
a) to see, coming in, have welcomed, as usually
b) having seen, to come in, welcoming, usually
c) on seeing, come in, having welcomed, as usual
d) after seeing, having come in, to welcome, in a usual way alone.
4. I remember ____ that hill in twilight. An age seemed _____ since the day that
brought me first to London.
a) descending, to have elapsed
b) to have descended, to have elapsed
c) to descend, to elapse
d) being descended, to be elapsed
5. He stood invisible at the top of the stairs ___ Irene ____ the letters _____ by the
______ post.
a) to watch, to sort, bringing, latest
b) watching, sorting, brought, last
c) having watched, sorting, having brought, lat
d) being watched, having sorted, to have been
6. On his way home Andrew could not help _____ what ___ charming fellow Ivory
had turned out.
a) to reflect, a to lje
b) being reflected, the, have been
c) reflecting, the, be
d) reflecting, a, to be
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8. ______ paper is said _________ by _________ Chinese.
a) — to have been invented, the
b) the, to have been invented,
c) —, to have invented, —
d) the, to be invented, the
9. There is no point to –– him. He is _____ last man in the world _____ by any
such circumstances.
a) to speak, the, to trouble
b) to speak,__, being troubled
c) speaking, a, be troubled
d) in speaking, the, to be troubled
10. It’s high time you ______ like that. He is fond ____ fun of everybody.
11. He felt ___ something from him and demanded ____ _____ truth. He wasn’t
worth ____ _____ lie.
a) them to hide, to tell, the, telling, the
b) them hiding, they will tell, a, to tell, a
c) they were hiding, being to kLtJie telllng,a
d) they hide, telling, a, telling, the
12. — — words about the author himself, the lecturer went on — of his works.
a) after saying, a few, to speak
b) saying, few, to speak
c) having said, few, speaking
d) to have said, a few, speaking
13. She was looking forward to _____ the leading part _____ that she was greatly
_____ at not even ______ it.
a) giving, playing, disappointing, being offered
b) to be given, to play, disappointed, to be offend
c) being given, to play, disappointed, being offered
d) give, playing, disappointed, offering
14. Did you remember ______ the parcel I gave you? –Yes, I remember .______.it
a week ago.
a) to post, posting
b) to post, to post
c) posting, to post
d) posting, posting
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15. You _____ go and check everything by yourself unless you ____ it.
a) would better, want him to do it
b) had rather, don’t want his doing
c) had better, want him to do it
d) would rather, don’t want him to do
16. The accused men _____ near the bank during the robbery. It’s no use _______
the case without direct ____.
a) deny being somewhere, Investigating, evidence
b) denies to be anywhere, to Investigate, evidences
c) deny being anywhere, investigating, evidence
d) denies to be somewhere, to investigate, evidences
17. You ____ your children ________ their own way in the
a) are to let to go
b) have letting, going
c) have to let go
d) are to let, gone
19. He’s always regretted _____ school so young. He has not got enough qualifica-
tions and education. Unfortunately he often receives letters ____ with “Dear sir,
we regret ____ you that your application was turned down.”
a) leaving, beginning, to inform
b) to leave, to begin, to inform
c) leaving, beginning, informing
d) to leave, to begin, informing
19. I am afraid ____ to him. What if he really has the power to stop ___ there, and
means _______ them against me?
a) to speak, me go, to turn
b) of speaking, my going, turning
c) to speak, my going, to turn
d) speaking, me going, to turn
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1. _____ beforehand, we _____ the catastrophe.
a) did we know, would prevent
b) would we know, had prevented
c) had we known, would have prevented
d) should we know, had prevented
4. He couldn’t remember his mother ____ . But would everything ___ ____ if
mother hadn’t died?
a) dying, be, dirrerently
b) to die, have been, as different
c) dying, have been, different
d) die, has been, so different
5. “Oh, Mary,” she said. “I wish you ____ with us, for we had ______ fun”.
a) had been, such a
b) were, so ____
c) would be, so a
d) had been, such ___
6. I remember his colour ___ away in a moment and he seemed ___ as if he ____.
a) go, breathing, had been running
b) to go, to breathe, ran
c) going, to breathe, had been running
d) have gone, to be breathing, was running
7. The vase is beautiful. You ____ _____ to match ___ you ____.
a) wouldn’t find, another, unless, had tried
b) wouldn’t have found, the other, if, would have tried
c) shouldn’t find, the other, unless, tried
d) wouldn’t find, another, if, tried
8. If you _____ the medicine the doctor prescribed you, you ___ ___ now.
77
a) had taken, would feel, much better
b) took, would feel, much more well
c) would take, would feel yourself, much more better
d) had taken, would have felt, much more good
10. If you ___ the article I recommended you, you ___ how ___ such questions.
a) had read, had known, to answer
b) read, would know, to answer
c) would have read, would know, answer
d) had read, would know, to answer
11. I must be off now. If it ____ not so _____, I ____ a little longer.
a) were, lately, would stay
b) were, late, would stay
c) had been, late, would have stayed
d) wouldn’t be, lately, stayed
12. ___I___ the story from his own lips I ____ that he was capable of ___ action.
a) if, had heard, would never believe, such
b) unless, had heard, would have never believed, such an
c) in case, have heard, would never believe, so an
d) provided, had heard, would have never believed, such
13. In order to make our demands effective and to get the authorities __ them we
suggested that there __ no return to work today.
a) to fulfil, be
b) fulfil, should be
c) fulfil, would be
d) fulfilling, were
14. I am going to have my kitchen ___. It is necessary that every crack ___ cov-
ered; also between ___ floor and __ door.
a) to repair, will be, the. ___
b) to be repaired, is, ___.the
c) repaired, should be, the, the
d) being repaired, be, ____, ____
15. John demanded that Andrew ___ to the house with him to ___ tea.
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a) would return, ____
b) returned, the
c) return, ____
d) should return, the
16. She wished he ___ what he ___ to say, and let ___.
a) would say, has, her to go
b) said, had, she go
c) had said, would have, she going
d) said, had, her go
17. He thought how hard the wind the wind ___ and how the cold sharp rain ___ in
his face at that moment, if he ___at home.
a) was blowing, would be beating, were not sitting, comfortably
b) is blowing, will be beating, is not sitting, comfortably
c) blew, beat, was not sitting, comfortably
d) had blown, had beaten, were not sitting, comfortable
18. I ____ to your place with pleasure ___ nothing ___ me.
a) will come, unless, prevented
b) will come, if, prevented
c) would come, unless, prevented
d) would have come, providing, would prevented
19. When they ___ ___ lunch he suggested that they ___ a stroll to ___ Luxem-
bourg museum.
a) have finished, the, should have, the
b) finished, ____, had, _____
c) would have finished, a, would have, ____
d) had finished, ___, have, the
20. You never did anything ___ to ___, If you ___ you___ more support now.
a) well, someone, did, would have
b) good, anyone, did, would have had
c) well, anyone, had done, would have had
d) good, anyone, had done, would have
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3.7. МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
ПО ПОДГОТОВКЕ К ЗАЧЕТАМ И ЭКЗАМЕНУ
Зачет, 1 семестр
Устные темы:
Вопросы по грамматике:
1. Артикль.
2. Выражение падежей в английском языке. Предлоги. Притяжательный
падеж существительного. Притяжательные местоимения.
3. Степени сравнения. Сравнительные конструкции. Парные союзы.
4. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные.
5. Количественные местоимения much, many, little, few.
6. Времена системы Indefinite (образование и употребление).
7. Времена системы Perfect (образование и употребление).
8. Времена Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Past Continuous и Past Indefinite
(сравните употребление).
9. Времена Present Perfect, Present Indefinite, Present Continuous (сравните
употребление).
10. Конструкция to be going to, Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future
Perfect (сравните употребление). Придаточные предложения условия и вре-
мени.
Зачет, 2 семестр
Устные темы:
1. Crimes
2. Criminal Proceedings
3. Torts
4. Principles of Employment Law
5. Contract of Employment
6. Mediation in Employment Disputes
7. Intellectual Property Law (in general)
8. Copyright & Patents
9. Trademarks & Domain Names
10. Cybercrimes
Вопросы по грамматике:
1. Модальные глаголы.
2. Пассивный залог.
3. Согласование времен.
4. Прямая и косвенная речь.
5. Времена Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Past Continuous и Past Indefinite
(сравните употребление).
83
6. Времена Present Perfect, Present Indefinite, Present Continuous (сравните
употребление).
7. Конструкция to be going to, Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future
Perfect (сравните употребление).
8. Времена системы Continuous (образование и употребление).
9. Времена системы Perfect (образование и употребление).
10. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные. Коли-
чественные местоимения much, many, little, few.
Зачет, 3 семестр
Устные темы:
Вопросы по грамматике:
Экзамен, 4 семестр
Устные темы:
Вопросы по грамматике:
85
3.9. КОТРОЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ
86
РАЗДЕЛ 4. GLOSSARY OF ENGLISH LEGAL TERMS
-A-
abuse of a dominant position (UK) situation that occurs when one firm is in a
position to be able to act completely independently of its competitors, customers
or consumers remaining profitable and engaging in conduct that is likely to im-
pede effective competition in that market. It is this last part, the hindrance of ef-
fective competition which is prohibited in most jurisdictions rather than the
mere situation of dominance. Some examples of abusive behavior include the re-
fusal to grant licences, geographical price discrimination, unjustified refusal to
supply or predatory pricing (US abuse of monopoly power)
acquired company (UK) company that has been merged into another company
and is therefore no longer in existence (US transferor)
acquirer company that gains control over another company
acquiring company (UK) company that has gained control over another com-
pany through a merger and remains in existence after the merger (US survivor)
acquisition of controlling shares purchase of shares owned by shareholders
who have a controlling interest
actual damages see general damages
ad hoc (Latin) for this purpose
admit someone to the Bar (US) to grant a person permission (from a Bar asso-
ciation) to practise law (UK call someone to the Bar)
advocate person who pleads in court
affidavit written statement which might be used as proof in court that somebody
makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth
alienability possibility to be transferred
annual general meeting (AGM) yearly meeting of shareholders of a company
where various company actions may be presented and voted upon
answer principal pleading by the defendant in response to a complaint
anticipatory breach breach of contract committed before performance is due.
The non-breaching party may regard this as an immediate breach and sue for
damages,
anti-competitive (UK) describes conduct that harms the market or limits com-
petition among businesses (US restraint of trade)
antitrust (US) body of law that regulates business activities and markets, espe-
cially agreements and practices that limit competition (UK competition law)
apparent authority power which an agent appears to have, or holds himself out
as having, and which a third party reasonably believes actually exists, though
not formally granted by its principal/employer
appellant person who appeals a decision to a higher court (US) see petitioner
appellate court (also court of appeal, appeals court) court which reviews
judgments held by lower courts
87
arbitration form of dispute resolution (an alternative to litigation through the
court system) in which disputes are heard and decided by an impartial arbitrator
or arbitrators, chosen by the parties to the dispute
articles of association (UK) document that defines a company's internal organi-
zation (US bylaws)
asset any property that is owned and has value
asset protection method of minimizing the risk of loss of one's property from
business and personal liabilities
assign to transfer (rights) to another
assignee person who receives an assignment
assignment of contract transfer of a contract to another person
assignment of rights transfer of rights to another person such that the person to
whom the rights have been transferred receives full benefits under the contract
assignor person who transfers his/her rights or duties to another
associate junior lawyer in a law firm
attachment lien prejudgment lien, provisional in nature, created in assets seized
in accordance with a court order or a writ of attachment
attachment seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process
authorized share capital total amount of stock a company may offer to its
shareholders, It is also known as nominal capital (US authorized shares)
-B-
bailiff (UK) an officer of the sheriff who makes arrests and serves writs; (US) a
court officer who keeps order during court proceedings
balance sheet financial statement showing a company's assets, liabilities and
equity on a given date
bar association organization of lawyers which may regulate the profession
bar examination (US) written examination taken by prospective lawyers in or-
der to qualify to practise law
Bar Vocational Course (UK) required course to be taken by law graduates
wishing to practise law as a barrister. This is followed by a period of pupillage.
barriers to entry obstacles which make it difficult for a business to enter into a
market. Some examples include patents, customer loyalty, research and devel-
opment, distributor or supplier agreements, and government regulations.
barrister (UK) lawyer admitted to plead at the bar and in superior courts; a
member of one of the Inns of Court
barristers’ chambers offices of barristers or a group of barristers
beneficiary person entitled to draw payment
«benefit of the bargain damages» see expectation damages
bill formal proposal for legislation
bill of exchange (UK) negotiable instrument for a specified sum of money
which is written and signed by three parties; the drawer (the person paying), the
88
drawee (the person who will conduct payment) and the payee (the person who
receives the payment)
board of directors group of individuals elected by shareholders to make the
major decisions of the company
bona-fide purchaser for value someone who holds a negotiable instrument in
good faith
bonus payment above what was due or expected
boutique firm law firm that specializes in a specific area of law
breach of contract failure to perform a contractual obligation or interference
with another party's performance which incurs a right for the other party to
claim damages
brief document or set of documents containing the details of a court case
by-law (UK) municipal law (US ordinance)
bylaws (US) document that defines a company's internal organization (UK arti-
cles of association)
-C-
call to the Bar (UK) granting of permission to practice law as a barrister (US
admission to the Bar)
capital structure distribution of a company's debt and stock
capitalization act of providing capital for a company through the issuance of
securities
capitalization issue process whereby a company's money is converted into capi-
tal and then distributed to shareholders as new shares
cartel group of similar independent companies who agree to join together to
control prices and limit competition
case law (also common law, judge-made law) body of law formed through Judi-
cial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written legis-
lation
certificate of deposit certificate issued by the bank acknowledging receipt of
money and promising to pay it back; a promissory note issued by a bank
certificate of Incorporation document issued by a governmental authority
granting a company status as a legal entity
Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name (UK) certificate issued by
Companies House when a company wishes to change its name. A copy of the
special resolution of the company authorizing a change of name must be submit-
ted to Companies House along with a fee.
civil law 1) legal system developed from Roman codified law, established by a
state for its regulation; 2) area of the law concerned with non-criminal matters,
rights and remedies
claimant (UK) person who brings a civil action (US) plaintiff
clerk (UK) court employee who takes records, files papers and issues processes:
(US) also a law student who assists a lawyer or a judge with legal work such as
89
research or writing
collateral property pledged as security for repayment of a debt obligation
collective bargaining process of negotiation between trade unions (or labor un-
ions) and employers, usually regarding the terms and conditions of employment
common law (also case law, judge made law), body of law formed through Ju-
dicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written leg-
islation
Companies House (UK) institution where all limited companies in the UK must
be registered, it is an Executive Agency of the UK government Department of
Trade and Industries (DTI).
competition law (UK) body of law that regulates business activities and mar-
kets, especially agreements and practices that limit competition (US antitrust
law)
complaint first pleading filed on behalf of a plaintiff which initiates a lawsuit
setting forth the facts on which the claim is based (civil law)
compulsory winding up (UK) liquidation of a company after a petition to the
court, usually by a creditor (US involuntary bankruptcy)'
confer to grant, to bestow
conflict of interests clash between a person's personal interests and their public
or fiduciary responsibilities
consensual agreed to by all parties
consensual lien security interest created by agreement between the debtor and
creditor
consequential damage see special damages
consideration something of value given by one party to another in order to in-
duce the other to contract. In common law, consideration is a necessary element
for an enforceable contract.
consolidation combining of two companies to form an entirely new company
constitutional amendment change in a company's name, capital or objects
contract template model agreement with particular items to be filled in
copyright exclusive right to reproduce and control an original work of art (mu-
sic, visual art. film, literature, etc.)
corporate veil separation between the corporation and its shareholders such that
the shareholders will not be held personally liable for corporate debts counter of-
fer new offer with new terms made as a reply to an offer received
court of first instance see lower court
creditor person or company who is owed a financial obligation
criminal law (also penal law) area of law that deals with crime, punishment or
penalties
crown court (UK) higher court of first instance for criminal cases in England
and Wales. Together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal, it
forms the Supreme Court of Judicature. Appeals from the Crown Court go to the
criminal division of the Court of Appeal and then to the House of Lords.
90
cybersquatting practice of registering Internet domain names that are associat-
ed with another company and then demanding payment from that company
through the sale or licensing of that domain name
-D-
-E-
easement right enjoyed by a person other than the owner of a piece of land to
use or control that land or a part of that land. No property rights are conferred
upon the person using the land of another. An example of an easement is cross-
ing a part of another’s land in order to access a public road.
employment tribunal judicial body that resolves disputes between employers
and employees
endorsement (UK) writing, including signature on the back of a document
which allows for the transfer of the instrument (US indorsement)
enforceable capable of being made effective in the case of an agreement. It is
one in which one party can legally compel the performance of the other party.
enforceable right interest the law gives effect or force to
entry of appearance written notice of appearance during a hearing which pro-
vides the respondent's full name and contact details, as well as a statement of
opposition to the claim, including the grounds upon which it is opposed
escheat reversion of land to the state if the land owner dies without a will or
without any heirs
essential term provision required for a contract to exist
et alii (et al.) (Latin) and others
et cetera (etc.) (Latin) and other things of the same kind
exemplary damages see punitive damages
exempli gratia (e. g.) (Latin) for example
expectation damages (also benefit of the bargain damages) compensation for
the loss of benefits that a person would have received had the contract been per-
formed
express contract contract whose terms have been specifically outlined, either in
writing or orally
express warranty guarantee that is created by the seller, whether oral or written
extraordinary general meeting (EGM) (UK) any meeting of the shareholders
of a company other than the annual general meeting which is called to discuss
certain special issues of a company (US special meeting)
-F-
92
fair dealing (UK) see right of fair use; (US) duty of full disclosure imposed on
corporate directors, officers and parties to a contract
fair use (US) see right of fair use
fee simple whole interest in a piece of real property: the broadest interest in
property allowed by common law
fee tall estate which lasts as long as the original grantee or any of his descend-
ants live
fiduciary duty obligation to act solely in the best interests of another
file with to officially record (e.g. in a court of law)
first-in-time rule which distinguishes which creditor has first claim over a debt-
or’s assets
fitness for a particular purpose if a buyer is buying property for a certain rea-
son and the seller knows this, then this warranty exists by law to guarantee that
the property is suitable for that certain reason. Sometimes referred to as warran-
ty of fitness.
fixed charge (UK) grant of security for a loan on a specific asset or on specific
assets whereby the creditor has first claim to recover upon default by the debtor
(US security interest m specific assets: (prior to UCC) chattel mortgage)
floating charge (UK) form of security interest over the debtor's assets which
may change on a daily basis, such as stock; a grant of security for a loan on the
company's assets in general and not on any specific asset (US floating lien)
foreseeability reasonable anticipation of possible results of an action
foreseeability rule rule that states that damages are only recoverable when it
can be established that the damage was reasonably anticipated by the breaching
party at the time the contract was entered into
form model document or agreement with blank spaces to be filled in
formation act of bringing a contract Into existence
fraud deliberate misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact to gain an
advantage
fraud in the inducement act of misrepresenting or misleading someone so as to
entice them to enter into a contract or agreement
freehold estate property whose duration of ownership or occupation is not de-
termined
friendly takeover situation where a company attempts to buy another company
with approval of the board of directors of the company that is being bought
-G-
gain control to obtain the power to direct or have influence over the manage-
ment of a company
garnishment 1) claim or interest resulting from a legal proceeding in which par-
93
ty A (Creditor) requests a court to issue an order or writ against party B (gar-
nishee) holding property of or owing money (e.g. bank account or wages) to par-
ty C (debtor) to release the relevant property or money to the creditor; 2) the
whole process involved in the legal proceedings described in 1) above
general creditor creditor who has no lien or security for payment against the
debtor's assets (also known as an unsecured creditor)
general damages (also actual damages) compensation for proven injury or loss
genuine occupational qualification limited circumstances where sex or marital
status may be used as a job requirement
global firm law firm that employs hundreds of attorneys from all over the world
good faith state of mind whereby a person has an honest conviction that they are
observing reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing
good title title that is valid and free from defects such as liens, litigation or other
encumbrances
goods items of personal property other than money (US good can be used in the
singular)
grantee person to whom a grant of property is made
-H-
-J-
95
-L-
lack of legal capacity absence of ability of a person to enter into contractual re-
lations, sue or be sued
law school (US) graduate school offering courses in law leading to a law degree
lease contract for which the use and occupation of a property is conveyed to an-
other, usually in exchange for a sum of money (rent)
leasehold property whose duration of ownership or occupation is fixed or capa-
ble of being fixed
legal entity individual or organization that can enter into contracts, is responsi-
ble for its actions and can be sued for damages
legal opinion document outlining a lawyer's understanding of the law regarding
a particular situation
legal person artificial entity created by law and given legal rights and duties, for
example a corporation
Legal Practice Course (LPC) (UK) course that must be completed before a
person can be qualified as a solicitor. It is the first step to becoming a solicitor
(the second being working as a trainee solicitor and the last being successful
completion of the Professional Skills Course).
licence (UK) permission or authority to do something which would otherwise be
illegal. No interest is transferred in this case (US license)
lien creditor creditor whose claim is secured by a lien
lien interest or attachment in another's property as security for payment of an
obligation
life estate granted only for the life of the grantee
life tenant person who holds a life estate or an estate pur autre via, or for the
benefit of another
liquidated damages (also stipulafed damages) compensation that is agreed to in
the contract
liquidation dissolution of a company whereby all assets are sold and the pro-
ceeds used to pay off debts
LLB (Legum baccalaureus (UK) Bachelor of Laws; law degree (US JD = juris
doctor)
loan capital form of long-term borrowing
lockout preventing people from entering a building by locking it such that em-
ployees cannot work
lower courts (also court of first instance) court whose decisions may be ap-
pealed to a higher court
-M-
-N-
-P-
paralegal person who assists a lawyer with legal work but is not a lawyer
Parol Evidence the rule that evidence, apart from the actual contract itself, can-
not modify, explain, vary or contradict the written terms of a contract
party person or entity involved in an agreement
passage of title exchange of ownership in a property passing of risk the point at
which the risk (e.g. of damage) passes from one party to another (and therefore
also the responsibility, for example, for insuring goods)
passing off illegal type of unfair competition whereby a business does some-
thing that the public would reasonably believe to be related to the activities of a
98
different business such that this second business suffers damages as a result
patent grant from the government giving exclusive rights to an inventor to
make, use or sell an invention for a specified period of time
payee person who is being paid in a bill of exchange
pecuniary compensation remedy that involves compensating through money
pedal damages (also consequential damages) damages that are awarded due to a
particular wrong or particular circumstances
penal law (also criminal law) area of law that deals with crime, punishment or
penalties
penetrate the market to enter into a market
per annum (Latin) per year
per se (Latin) by itself
perfected when the appropriate filing or registering or other formal action of a
security interest has been done to protect one's security interest in another's
property against all other creditors
perfection appropriate filing or registering or other formal action of a security
interest in order to protect one's security interest in another's property against all
other creditors
performance completion of obligations required by contract
personal liability state of being legally obliged out of one’s own personal assets
personal property (also chattels in common law) things that are moveable (as
opposed to real property) and capable of being owned
petitioner (US) person who brings a petition to a court, especially on appeal
picketing demonstration outside a place of work in which people congregate to
dissuade others from entering the building, usually done in attempt to persuade
another party to meet certain demands. It is often done during a strike.
pleading formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the de-
fence in a case
pledge property which is security for a debt or obligation
pledgee person who receives a pledge or the creditor in a secured transaction
pledgor person who gives a pledge or the debtor in a secured transaction
possessory type of security interest whereby the creditor has the right to control
the property
predatory pricing pricing a product so low - for example below Its production
cost - as to eliminate competition
pre-emption rights (UK) rights of shareholders to maintain their proportionate
ownership in a company by purchasing newly issued stock before it is offered to
the public (US preemptive rights)
preference shares (UK) shares that are given preference in dividend entitle-
ments over ordinary shares but usually do not carry any voting rights (US pre-
ferred shares)
priority creditor creditor who is given priority over other creditors or has first
claim over the debtor's assets
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priority right to enforce a claim before others
privity of contract relationship between parties to a contract
prlce-fixing conduct of setting a price for a product which is contrary to work-
ings of supply and demand. and therefore contrary to the free market
pro forma (Latin) as a matter of form
pro rata (latin) proportionally
profit-and-Ioss account (UK) statement summarising a company's revenues
and expenses over a period of time (US profit-and-loss statement or income
statement)
promisee person to whom a promise or an assurance that something will or will
not be done, is made
promisor person who makes a promise or an assurance that they will or will not
do something
promissory note formal unconditional written note made and signed by a per-
son obligating him or her to pay a specified sum of money to another specified
person or to the bearer of the document
punitive damages (also exemplary damages) compensation designed to punish
the breaching party for conduct found to be reprehensible. e.g. fraud
pupilage (UK) one year of apprenticeship to become a barrister which follows
the completion of the Bar Vocational Course
pur autre vie estate granted only for the life of someone other than the grantee
-Q-
quasi-security similar to security except the creditor has actual ownership over
the property while the debtor only has possession. In case of default. the creditor
can simply take back possession of the property serves the same purpose as se-
curity but is not recognised by the law as such.
quorum number of shareholders or directors who have to be present at a board
meeting so that it can be validly conducted
-R-
race relations social, political or personal connections with and between people
with different distinguishing physical characteristics
real property land including anything attached to it
reasonable reliance dependence on a contract which is considered fair, sound
thinking or common sense
reasonably prudent person (also reasonable person) fictitious person used as a
standard for legal reasoning in negligence cases
redundancy dismissal (UK) termination of an employee's employment contract
because their position ceases to exist (US layoff)
Registrar of Companies (UK) officer in charge of keeping the list of limited
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companies registered at the Companies House
regulation order controlling through rules or restrictions
rejection refusal to accept an offer
release to discharge a person from an obligation
relevant market area in which effective competitive constraints may be im-
posed. There may be two relevant markets in anticompetitive analyses: the
product market and the geographic market. It is determined by examining in
which market an undertaking can raise prices above the competitive level with-
out being unprofitable.
reliance damages compensation for losses incurred by the plaintiff due to his
dependence on the contract being performed
remaindermen person who is entitled to what is left of an estate after the life
tenant dies and the parts of the estate that are handed down in his will are carved
out
remedy means of preventing, redressing or compensating a violation of a right
respondent see defendant
restitution damages compensation which is equal to the amount of money the
breaching party received under the breached contract
right interest that is recognized and protected by law
right of fair use (US) defence to a claim of copyright infringement whereby
permission from the artist is not required so long as usage of that artist’s work is
reasonable and limited (UK The concept of fair dealing is the closest equivalent;
however, fair dealing is more restrictive than the US doctrine of fair use and in
order to be protected, the use has to fall in one of several categories.)
rights issue offer to existing shareholders to purchase additional new shares in
the company
-S-
salaried partner person who is a member of the law firm partnership and is
paid by regular salary payments
sale by sample sale by which the seller provides an example of the goods to the
buyer which then leads to an understanding that the rest of the goods will be of
the same standard as the example
Sale of Goods Act (UK) Act governing the sale of goods in the United King-
dom
sale of substantially all assets form of acquisition whereby all or almost all as-
sets and liabilities of a company are sold
security agreement agreement whereby a person grants interest in his or her
property to another as collateral in order to guarantee performance of an obliga-
tion
security interest any interest in property acquired by agreement or operation of
law for the purpose of securing payment or performance of an obligation
security property pledged in order to secure the fulfillment of a promise or loan
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senior partner person who has been a partner of a law firm for many years (the
exact number of years may differ in each firm): in some law firms, an official ti-
tle given to some partners
serve a document on someone to deliver a legal document to someone (which
usually demands they go to a court of law or obey an order
sex discrimination different treatment, usually awarding privileges to some and
denying privileges to others based on gender
share consolidation (UK) proportional exchange of existing shares in the cor-
poration for a fewer number of shares, each with greater value (US reverse stock
split)
share subdivision (UK) exchange of a multiple of new shares for each old share
such that shareholders are in the same proportion afterwards (US stock split)
Sherman Act (US) US federal statute which was passed in 1890 and which
prohibits interference with free competition and aims to limit monopolies and
trusts. Any agreement or combination which has the effect of restraining trade is
prohibited under this statute.
shrink-wrap contract licence agreement or contractual terms and conditions
that appear on the outside packaging of an item. Acceptance by the consumer is
confirmed by the opening of the package. Often used in the software industry.
sic (Latin) thus
small-claims court court that handles civil claims for limited amounts of money
sole practitioner lawyer who practises on his/her own
solicitor (UK) lawyer who is qualified to give legal advice and prepare legal
documents
solo practice law practice with only one lawyer
solvent able to pay one's debts
special resolution resolution on major decisions of a company (such as chang-
ing the company's articles or reducing its share capital) at a general meeting that
must be passed by a certain majority, usually 75% specific performance when a
court orders the breaching party to perform its part of a contract
statute formal written law created by a legislative body such as a parliament, as
opposed to a law created through the courts
Statute of Frauds piece of legislation which declares that certain kinds of con-
tracts, for example those regarding land, marriage and the sale of goods worth
over a certain amount of money will be invalid unless put into writing and
signed by both parties. The original statute was enacted in England In 1677 and
serves as a basis for the US statutes
statutory forms forms required by law
statutory lien security interest created by legislation due to the economic rela-
tionship between the debtor and the creditor
stipulated damages see liquidated damages
subject matter thing under consideration in a contract
submit to deliver a document formally for a decision to be made by others
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subscriber person who has purchased stock in the company by an agreement
sui juris (Latin) of one's own right: able to exercise one's own legal rights
-T-
-U-
-V, W-
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