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H.
C.-EETEPEYPrTB.
Tnnorpa(|)iH M. M. CTACIOJIBBHHA, Bac. Corp., 5 JIHH., 28.
1900
SAMfc^EHHHS IIOrPlilllHOCTH.
7 ctp., 13 cipOKa cHH3y, nponymeno: SJECB BT> 493 r. OHH ocHoeanH CBOG
KOpOJieBCTBO.
137 cip., 7 cipoKa CHH3y, BM. X H XI, HyatHo XI H XII.
13 cip., 4 cipoKa CBepxy, BM. 1353, nyKHO 1357.
'
140 cip., 4 cipOKa CHHsy H 179 cip., 5 cxpOKa csepxy, BM. XIII, nyatHO XI.
OrJIABJIEHIE.
A.
CTPAH.
.' Ill V
I. Pacnafleme PHMCKOS HMnepiH H BuctynjieHie repMancKHxii Hapo-
.HOBI 1
II. BucTynjieHie apadosi H o6pa30Baeie MycyjBMaHCKaro Mipa .... 33
III. Moaapxia Kapaa BejHKaro . 47
IV. $eoAaaH3Mi, 55
V. PasjvBJieHie nepKBefi H BHcrynjieHie MaBflBCKHXi) Hapo^ost. ... 73
VI. KpecTOBtie noxo^H 95
VII. Hepexofli ort cpe^eaxt siKOBt K-B HOBOMy speiieHH 137
'
205
B.
Hia-iia, cip. 79, 45, 48-49, 6970, 72, 96-97, 113114, 115116, 153,
180182.
noJiBina, cip. 9194, 173177.
$pamua, cip. 2325, 5254, 6869, 122124, 155161.
^lexia, cip. 91, 136, 191, 144146, 148149, 172-173.
K A P T LI.
Ta6inua
TJIABA I.
(TE,IHfl HCTOPM.
HBIH BOCTOK/B H pOMaHHSHpOBaHHHH 3ana^t, H 9TO OOVfOaieJIBCTBO
BecbMa BaiKHoe sHaienie ^IH scero flaaLfrBfiniaro xo^a Bce-
HCTOpiH. FpaHHua Meat^y OS-EHMH no.iOBHHaMH HMnepin
npH()JiH3HTeJiBHO no 37 BOCTOIHOH AOJiroTBi, Meat^y O^OHMH
u,eHTpajiBHBiMH nojiyocipOBaMH CpejjHseMHaro Mopa, Fpeuieft H I'h-a-
1*
PHMV Toate CTOH.IO Henajuxi xaonorb c,a;epatHBaTB repMaHn,eB-B BT>
PMM- .
*
CKOH HMnepi0.,pfl 3am,HXLi HMnepiH oxi, sapBapOBi OEIJIH oxossaHH MSI, hpHxa-
H!H cxoflBiiiie xamt pHMCKie jierioHLi, H BCKOp'E B-L 9xy ocxaB.ieH-
A(})pHK B
r
BT>
6ypryHAti; Hxajiiefi ynpaBJiajiH repyjiu;
BaH,najibi. Ocxasajiacb BI. ynpaBJiemH pnMCKaro BoeHaqa.!ib-
Jinnib nowca SBMJIU ?& FaAMu Mewdy Jlyapoii u CQMMOU,
HO H ona nepes^ ^ecaxb .1^x1 6biJia sanaxa repMancKHMi> aie Ha-
PBIH H AOJUKeni 6Lun> npHsnaib ero BJiaciB (486), nocJi'B qero 6uja
:?aHHTa H sea cxpana Ha ciBep'L OTT, .lyapn. OEO.IO xoro aie Bpe-
M6HH BI raj.iiro BTOpr.iHCfc-6u.io aJUieMaHH, HO Xjio^BHri. oxpa-
siut 9xo HaoiecTBie B^ 6HTB-B npn ToAitfiamb (UrojiLnnxi.), H BCJI^A^
3a 9THM i> npHHfljn Bi, PeHMci Epeii^enie (496). OH-B 6mn> xeeaTi na
r
^B.ieHie c.ia-
BOCXOIHOH PHMCKOH HMnepin HO saxo y nea HBHJIHCB ^pyne onac-
r
Hue Bparn: BI> Eeponi 9x0 6miH cdaeane, Bt Asin nepcu. Tlocji
xoro, KaKi. repMancKie Hapo^Bi jjBirayjiHCb Bt npe^jrn HMnepin, na
ocxaBjeHHBia HMH M^cxa naqajH nepece.THXBca cjraBSHCKia njieMena.
Ta e ^yHattcKaa rpaHHna, qepesi* Koxopyio npOHHKJH ET> HMnepiro
-
14: IpvrHMi.
L J
.
II.
\
15 :::
. Bo BpeMH BeciroTCKHX'b nepece,ieHifi H pas^'Liemfl PHM-
CKO g HMnepin Bi Heii OKOHHameMHO ymaepdu.wcb xpucmiancmoo.
H06 TOp3K6CTBO .
/O<O\
.MHjraHCKiH QRUKTi, KoHciaHTHHa BejiHKaro (ol^j AapOBaji'B xpHcua-
HaMi> TOJibKO CBo6oAy B'fepOHcnoB'B^aHifl, HO asBiqecTBO eme ^epa;a.iocb
B-B HMnepia, H BI cepeAHHi IV B. c^JiaHa 6biJia ^a/Ke nonBiTKa ero
BOScxaHOBjenia (npn HMnepaxopi lOjiian-B). JI,o rpan,iaHa (375
383) Ha Sanaa's pHMCKie HMnepaxopii BCC eme npo^ojiata.iH HMC-
HOBaxLca BepxoBHHMH nepBOCBflHi,eHHHKaMH (pontifex maximus), H
BX pHMCKOMi> cenaxt cxofl.ia cxaxya 6orHHH IIoS^AH. To.ibKO npn
Oeodociu Be^unoMz (379 395) rocyAapcxBeHHHH 3aKOHi> sanpe-
mu.iz udoMCAyoKeme, npHpaBBflBi, ero KI> HanCojiie xaaiKHMi) yro-
.lOBHBiMi, npecxynjieHiflMt. Bi V
asbiiHHKOBi, HOCXOHHHO B. IHCJO
ysieHbHiajocb, HO em,e ^o VI B. BX AeHHax-L cymecxBOBa.ia HSBI-
^ecKaa niKOJia, B-B Koxopoft npeno^aBajiacb HeonjaxoHOBCKaa (|>HJIO-
co({ifl. 3xa uiKO.ia 6bi.ia sanpuma .mwb no npUKasanm
lOcmu-
(529). 3an;HXHHKH flSBiqecxsa B-B IV H V BB. o6i.flCHOH
HMnepin TH-BBOM!) 6oroB'b na npeKpamenie npHHOCHBHiHXca
) CM. Kapiy I.
11
HMnepaxopOBi
'
I\%-V BB. JIHCBH CBflXOCXBH) 3KH3HH. (H-BKOXOpBIC K3T> HHXI, HOJTyqHJIH HaSBame
BejiHKHX &). KaKi BOCxoqHLie, xaKi H saiia^HBie OXD;BI n;epKBH SLIJIH
r
6opOJiHCB ex apiaHcxBOM-B
B'B XO BpCMH, K0r.ua OHO HOJIBSOBaJIOCB
HOAAepatKOK) npaBHXe.TBCXBa,
H sa 9x0 noABeprajiHCB roHeHiaMi,. loaHH'B 3-iaxoycxi,, 3aHHMaBiuiH:
OAHO speMfl, KaKi H FpHropiH BorocjiOB-B, Kaee^py KoncxaHXHHO-
noJiBCKaro apxienncKona, npocJiaBH.TCfl CBOHMI, KpacHOp^qieM^ (ox-
Ky,na H
no.iy^HJii, CBOC nasBame Sjaxoycxa). CBOHMH odjiaqeHmMH
OH-B BOOpyatHJi, npoxHBTb ce6a nopognyro H BJiacxo.iiooHByK) HMne-
20 :c
. B-L IV VI BB. B0o6m,e ycTaHaB.iHBa.THCL BT> PHMCKOH HM-
5ciaiK.ii.ii-
nepin H B'L
BaDBapCKHXT KOpOJICBCTBaXl BSailMHMfl OTHOUiema M6HUV
Hie OTHOIIieHlIl
Meatfly nep- ijepKOBLK) H FOCyAapCTBOMTb. B'L nepBHC TpH BTBKa
KOBI.K) H rocv-
>(/ep K06b ciiw,ecm606a.m et asbmeCKOMo locydapcmm, H
-
Mew HHIIH
mjia oopLoa, HO ci> IV B. HaciyiiH.iH IJOBLIH speMena, Kor,u,a npo-
U30WAO co cmnpomi locydapcmsa npusname nepmu. Yme HMnepa-
TOpT> KoHCTailTHHl, BeJHKiR ^apOBaJl. XpHCliaHCKOMV ^VXOBeHCTBV
npasa H npenMymeciBa: ocBo6oji;H.n ero OT'B o6fl3aHHOCTH )
BHineHia nan-
HMymecTBenHO nanajuu, THxyjit, ooosHaiaBiniH n OTeqi> H HOCHB- CTB a.
niifica npeat^e MHOFHMH enHCKonaMH. Oco6oMy Eu^jieEm pHMCKaro
enncKona HSI. ociajibHOH iepapxm cnoco6ciBOBajiH BecbMa Mnoria 06-
HCTOPia. 2
18
J1K)
..-.
GL OCTpOBaMH Cap^HHieH, CH^JIieH H liOpCHKOH. llpHH,HTie npa-
TT
III.
HOBHX'B TOCyAapCTBt
CT> BapBapCKHMH KOpOJflMH BO
AOBT,, npnieM-B Kaat^oe HSI HHXI. HM^JIO CBoe Hapo^noe co6paHie, HJH
eme, B'B KOiopOM-B MorjiH npHHHMaiB yqaciie BCE BspocjiLie
MHHH. Ha B-BTB p-BmajiHCB Bci BaatHBia ^jia, a
BejHCB podoeuMU cmapmunaMU (principes), Ha BOHH-B
TeJBCTBOBaJIH OC06H6 BBl6opHEie BOGBOABI, HJIH lepU/OlU (duC6S), KO-
TOPHMT> npuHajpeaiajia ropas^o 66jiBniaa BJiaciB, ^wb POAOEHM-B
Podoeou 6umt> BHyxpn OT II;'BJIBHHX'& njieMen'B yate na-
i
I
npOBHHIl,lH. .
~
Mepoeumoez. sanajio BCIO TajuiiH). HORJ> BJiacxBio Kopo.ieii axofi
1
qaBiniaca KpaflHeio pasnys^aHHOCTtH) H /KecxoKOCXbio npaBOB-b ).
Oxfl-kiBBbia qacxn KopojieBCxsa xoaze ne jra#HJiH Meat^y co6oro. GE-
Bepo-BOCTOHHyio qacx& MOHapxin (Aecmpasiw) nace.iajiH pnnyap-
cme $paHKH H Apyria repMancKia iLieMena, Koxoptia JIHUIB oqenb
CJia6o noAHHHjuiHCb PHMCKHMI* naqajiaMTb, xor^a KaK-B c-BBepo-sa-
na/j'B (Heucmpifi), roro-sana^'B (AKeumanifi) H wro-BOCTOKi) (Eyp-
6BMH, HaofiOpOTB, CHJIBHO
pOMaHHSHpOBaHLI. MepOBHHrCKle
CTpeMHJHCB EO^IHEHTb CBOCH BJiaCTH ({jpaHKOBl. HapaBITE CI>
MJiflHaMH, yaie npHBWKniHMH KI adcojiioTHOH Bjiacxn HMne-
Topa, HO <J>paHKH ne ocofienHO dpywcejiw6HO CMomptbm uaycuMnie
KopoaeecKou emcmu. Bi> 6ojrBraefi lacxn rocyjiapcxBa, o^naKo, (fipam-
CKIH uauajia 6uma npuxodu.m #z ynadom. Hdpoduoe enue, HM-BB-
mee rjaBHoe snaqenie Bt 6Bixy repMaHn;eBi. na HXI. po^HH'B, ywe
cdn>jiajioci> ueeosMOwcmiMo nocji'B xoro, KaKi
(|>paHKH pascejuLincB
no Been TajuiiH. Micxo B'fcieBHXi. co6paHiii sanajiH npa MepOBHH-
raxi> xaKTE,nasHBaeMLifl Mapmoecnifi HOAH, na Koxopbia Kopojin eate-
cosHBajiH CBoe BOHCKO, cocxoaBmee HS-B ^paHKOBi, H rajuio-
HO 9xo 6min cKopie eoeuuue CMompw, xoxa Ha HHX^ npo-
,
EpynerH-ibju.
Hie. 3aio Bij otfmeciBij 6oMnww cujiy sa6pa^a snami. Ona cocia-
BHJiacb H3i> KpynHHX'b scM.ieB.ia.zrBJibijeB'b eme PHMCKOK anoxn H H3i>
HacTOflni.ee
HMCHHO cjaBancKHxi. o^BmaeBi. H nopflji,KOB^. Ho
CKaa 3Hax& H BI> BHsanxiH HArLia <5ojrbinoe snaqeeie H
jiacb ciabHLiM'B BjiameM-B Ha o6miH XOA'B p$jn>. B'B IHCJTE Kpyn-
HLIXl SeMeJI&HLIX'B CO(5CTBeHHHKOBT>, KaifB H Ha SaWE, 6EL/1H H SAliCB
H,epKBH H MOHaCXBIpH.
39. BnsaHTiHCKiH HMnepaTOp-B, HJIH it/apt, (pc/.ads6c) npeeM-
CTBe HHO noji&soBajica TOR) ueoipanuuenHOw e.iacmtw, KOTOpan CJIQ-
BJIRCTB y -^
F.iaBHBiM'B A'B-iOM'B .i
TJIABA II.
I.
46*. PO^HHOH HCJiana Ctura Apasia. 3xy cxpany Hs^aBHa nace- paB1
.iett
atHm;eM &
Ha pOAHHt rpOSHTL OnaCHOCTb 6HTL y6HTHMl>, OHl 6n>9fCdM U3V MeKKU
ev Meduny, nropo^i. npopOKa". 3io co6HTie, HSB-Bcinoe no^ Ha-
ledwcpw OTHOCHTCH KI. 622 r., H OHO c,a,4jiajiocB Maro-
HCXO^HHM'B nyHKTOMi> HX'B JiiiocHHCJieHifl.
9poio, T.-e.
II.
ijepKBH.
eoeeamejiu, ocuoeaewie ipOMadnyw depwaey, H ona OTHa.ia y
BceMipnoft Monapxin no^TH BC-B ea asiaTCKia o6jraciH H
BC-B o6jaciH a<|)pHKaHCKia H Aaate nepenecjia CBOH sa-
III.
x
) Cp. Kapiy III.
2
) Hapo^T> xropKCKaro npOHCxoHc.ieHia, KOTOPHH CKOpo Birojrat
42
(755).
65. Bo BpeMa saBoeBania janrodapAaMH HiajiH H rocnoACTBa
45
CB * T -
HKOHo6opn,eBi> BI> BHsanxiH nanciBO ,3,'kia.iocb ece 6o;in>e u 6oA,ne H***
CKoft B-iaCTH
omz UMnepamopCKOu ejiacmu. Ho nanaMi saxo no-
CTOHHHO rposHjm jraHro6ap^H. IIpOTHBT, nocJiiAHnxt OHH cmadu
ucKamt, noMOtu^u y cfipaHKO&t, y KOTOpwxi> em,e BI> VII B. BOSBHCHJIHCL
xaK-b nasiiBaeMbie MaiiopdoMU, cxoaBmie BO oaBt ynpaKieniH H
BOftcKa. apadoBi npn Ilyaibe H noKpojBHTejb CB. BOHH-
IIo6'BAHTe,ib
(f)au,ifl, Kapjii. Mapiejib, 6mn> TaKofl MaHOp^OMt, H yate KI> HCMy odpa-
TpHropiH II sa nocpeAHHqecTBOM b VL neperoBOpax'b ct .laaro-
r
9xy odJiacxb
saumm u cdtb.mM eiocenmcKUMZ locydapeMz. BnocJi'B.aiCXBiH BOSHHRX
o xoMi), 6y^xo paMCKaa o6jrac rb 6bua no^apeHa nant
r
pa3CKa3i>
(Cn.ibBecxpy I) em;e HMnepaxopOMi> KoHCxaHXHHOM'B BejHKHMT>, H
BT> axoM-b CMbiCjii 6ujia .naa^e cocxaB.iena no^o^Hafl rpanoxa
( KoHcxaHXHHOBi ,n;api)"), Ha Koxopyio cpeAHeB^KOBbie nanbi oco-
6eHHO OXOXHO ccbi.ia.iHCb. PaBHHMi o6pa30M-b nanbi Bnoc-i-B^cxBiH
CCLIJKH H Ha xo, ixo ci nxt corjacifl H 6jiarocjiOBeHifl
B.iacxb y (J)paHKOBi) dHJia nepeHecena ci> O^HOH RK-
Hacxin na ^pyryio.
IV.
I.
MeawyHapOAHbia oTHomeHia ( 67 72).
II. BHyxpeHHifi 6HTt 4)puHKCKoB MOnapxiH BI anoxy Kapjia Be.iHKaro ( 73 74).
III. HancTBO BI IX E'ER* ( 7577).
I.
70. KpOM^ HiajiiH, KapJCB, nojryHHBniiH HMH BejHKaro, npn- BOHHH H aa-
v . .
n Boeuama
Kl, CBOHM1. BJia^-BHlflM'B H MHOHfl Apynfl 36MJH. CaMyK) Kap:ia BejIH
.
K aro.
ynopHyro dopb(5y npnuurocL eny BEi^epatHBaxt caKCaMu, KOiopiie c'L
ITO yiBepffHTBca flaji'Be KT> 6mio du Tpy^no. (Bo Bpeua ero BOS-
rory
Bpain,eHm 6acKH B-B ropHBixi, npoxo^axi. HCTpe6HJH nepeflOBOH oipafl-B
apMiH Kapjia, np ICM-B Haqa.iBHHK'B ero, Pojiaudz, Hanie-i^ repoft-
:
) CM. napiy IV.
HCTOPIfl,
50
J
) Bi BarjiaA^ B% aro BpeMfl itapcTBOBajit rapyHi-a-it-PamH^, npocjiaBBBinifica
CBOCIO CnpaBeAJlHBOCTBK).
2
) FopOA't Bepaeai Ha B. Tenepeiunefi ^panuie.
4*
II.
1
xapaKiepa, HSBtcTHLie no^i misBaHieM'b mnumyMpieei ). Kap.n>
BejHKift npaBHJi'L HMnepien, KaKT> rocy^apb HeorpanHqeHHHH, H OTL
ciaparo B'fcqa HJIH MapiOBCKHX-L no.ieii MepOBHHrcKOH anoxn ocia-
.iHuib fio.muisi uapodnuH co6panisi, KOTOpna nponcxoflHjiH Ka/K-
eecuow H na KOTOptia MOIMH npnxoAHTb Bci> CBo6o,a,HLie.
III.
MABA IY.
I.
CymnocTb (((eoiaJbHaro ycrpoficTBa ( 78 94).
II. $paHu,ia ( 96), Hiajiia ( 97) H FepMamfl (98101) BI <[>e<wuii>Hyio anoxy.
M-BCTbaMH.
_ 57 _
Ha ocHOBamn Bcero cKaaaimaro, ^eo^aJiHSMx MOstex-B
xaKHM-B odpasoMt: (^eo.a.ajiBHBiM'B ycxpoficxBOM-B
onpe.u'EJieH-B
Baexca 1) pacnadeuie cmpanu na Muomecmeo MC.IKUXZ ejiadrbniu,
2) 6uemuxb oduoepejueHuo u noMrbcmtHMU, u lOcydapcmeaMU u
3) naxoduemuxcfi ez eaccaMuuxz omHomeuinxz oduu KZ dpyiUMo.
(,3,pyroe onpefl-kieme: (Jjeo^ajbHoio cncxeMoio nasHBaexca
jieme cipaHH na MnoaiecTBo
rocyflapa cM^niHBajiacB ci> Bjiacitio noM'tmnKa H
iepapxH^ecKOii saBHCHMOCTH O^HH oit ,a;pyrHxi>).
ie npoHcxoayjema (Ijeo.a.ajibHOH CHCieMu (HJIH,
em,e roBOpaxi, npon,ecca (fieodajiu3aii,iu) noMoateT'L nonais H caMyio
rpa^OBl-BHKOHTOBl).
58
H rocyAapciBeHHBiMH
saKonaMH. Ilpn Kapjrs
(|>panKCKoe BOHCKO cociaBJiajiocB H^B 36MJieBJia^'BJi&n;eB B, i
o6pa30M B:
1 K P J B
T
CTyneHb.
I" ~l
2 cxyneHb fcpu,ori. fpatpv. EnncKonv
I 1 I 1 I 1
3 CTyneHb. *
J O eg O O
ft O
=8
ft
m w <i
Pan;apH.
H.IH
4>eoji;a-
H3i MonapxiH Kapjra BejiHKaro, HO B'B cym,HOCxH
ceoujuucmopOHdMU (fieoda.iuaMZ eocxodumz KZ epeJuenaMZ PUMCKOU
UMnepiu u dpeeue-iepMaucmio 6uma. Kpynuun noMncmbx (jiamu-
(fiyudiu) Ha sana^i EBPOHBI Be,nyTi CBoe Haiajio eme HS-B anoxn
PHMCKOH HMnepin, H yate xor.ua B'B 3XHXT> KpynHBixi>
cxajo pasBHBaxBca Me^noe xoamcmeo npHKp'BHJieHHBix'B
KpecxBani (KOJionatm). Kor^a repMaiiqu Sana. npOBHHn,iH HMnepiH,
OHH OHCHB 6BlCXpO OCBOHJHCB C^ xaKHM-B n036MeJIbHLIM B yCXpOH- 1
CXBOMI., npH neifB HX'B cejiBCKaa o6in,HHa npnnija B-B ynaAOKi>. TaKi.
61
00111,6 CTBO.
euusy ocmciMHyw Maccy naceMHin. ^eo^ajiHBMi) pisKO
HO,
. ..
^
HacejieHie cipaHii Ha KMCCZ iocnoa^ u KAaccz npocmojwounoez.
cocTaBjaJii. SHaib HJIH 6jiaropoji;Hoe cocjiOBie, cocjOBie JIK)-
poAOBHTHxt (gentiles homines, oiKy^a ^paHDi. gentil homme),
KOTOparo H npoHsoniJio nos^nMrnee deopaucmeo. 3xo
scero cocaoeie eoenuoe, KOiopoe ^ojiatno 6HJio
ocmajiwoe uaceMnie. Ki. KJiaccy rocno^t npHHa^eaiajio H Bticmee
^yxoBeHCTBO, TO ate ooJiaAaBinee (Jteo^aMH H BEiCTaBJiaBmee
KOB^ <y& CBOHXt sene.ib (HacToani,HM &
r
npH3BaHieMi>
cqHTajiac& MOAumea). Bca ocTa.ibHaa nacca, T.-e.
ceHbepa, Bbixo^t .nonepH ero 3aMyxi>, nocBameHie cbina BI> pbmapn H yiaciie Bt Kpe-
CTOBOMi
63
85.
^eoAa-iBHBie ceHBepu CBMH BI odmeni. cocjioeieM*
npuen-^
jmupoeanmixb eounoez. OAHOIO npHiHHT> pasBHxia HX^ B.iacxn
TUSK 3noxH.
m,a.iH ero OX-B pasnaro pOAa nanaAeniii H HamecTBift. PaAH axoro caMO
Hace.ieme iiOMora.no HMI cxponxB yKptbnMHuue SCIMKU, KyAa BX CJIY-
Ha,oio6HOCTH MoatHO 6mio cKpiiBaxtCfl. OflnaKO, 9XH ase saMKH no-
ceHtepaMi, Kponi xoro, oxcxaHBaxs CBOK> HeaaBHCHMOCXB OX-B
rocyAapcxBa H yKpljii.zmxB CBOIO BJiacxB naA*B OKpecxntiMH
CAijaBiuHCB rocyAapflMH, (|)eo,a;ajiBHBie ceiiBepBi cxa.in eecmu
coSow eoiimi, nana^axB ^pyrx na Apyra H rpadaxB BJiaA'BHia CBOHXI>
HenpiaxejieH. B-B noBO,a,ax'B K-B ^acxHiiMi. BOHnaM'B ((fadaMz) He 6ujio
cann ^eoiajiBHHfl oxHomeHia HX'B qacxo BBi3BiBajin,
te
mopoez, ci.
flpyrofi lepMauocuxz Kouymoffb. B'B ncxopiH KOpojreB-
CKOH BJiacxH npn MepOBHHraxi. H KapojiHHrax B Bcer^a saM-B^aexcn r
pyma:iHCB.
91*. XOTJI BOSHHKX H pasBHJica B-B cipaHaxi, o6pa-
(J)eo,najiH3M'B Pacnpocipa-
T-> -rr neuie (beo-
30BaBmHXCJi H3-L iiMnepm Kap.ia BejiHKaro, HO OH'B nojiyiHJi'L pac- Aaj(I)H H Xl
npocTpaneme H BH'B BTHX-L npe^iOBi.. Hat FepManiH MHorie (J>eo-
jajLHEie nopa^KH nepeiiiJH KT> ea coc^flMx, T.-e. ;a eempctMZ, CAa-
HmaMz u cmnduuaeaMb Ci> ^pyroii ciopOHH, (|)paHi],y3CKie p&in,apH
BI> cepe^HH-B XI B. saBoeBajH Anum H wwcuyw Hma.riw, Ky.ua
nepeHec.o (|)eoAaJBHHfl yqpea:ACHia. TaKHMi> ofipasoMi <|)eo-
^
napodoer, sanaduou Eeponu aejieHieMt 06-
Ho H BI HOBHXI> M^ciaxx OBI npio6p'BTaji'L pasjinqHHH xa-
paKiept. HaKOHeui), BI> 3noxy KpecTOBtixi. EOXO;I;OBI> sana^Hoe pn-
EBO^HJIO (|)eo^;ajfcHyio cncxeMy H BI sesuiflxi HMI> saBoe-
Bi> CnpiH c% ITa.iecTHHOH H Ha Ba.iKaHCKOM
r
, no.iyocTpOB'B. jE>
n.
ROCTI* OTHO"
nojiy 3HJ B
i
r
KOpOJIGBCKyK) KOpOHy,
CBina, qxo BOHLIO HOTOMI KB o^BiqaH BI <J)aMHJiiH KanexKHroB-B.
OdesneiHBaa xaKHM'B o6pa30Mi Kopony sa CBOHMI HOXOMCXBOMT),
2
nepBBie KanexHHrn ) uu ez veMt, oduaKo, ne npOH6An.ni ceoeio
mm Kopo.teu ^pani^iu. HMI 6ujio nofl'B CHjy 6opoxBca
C-B CBoeBOJBH&iMH BaccajiaMH BHyxpH CBoero repn;orcxBa fla
KOpojreBCKyio Kopony, H
expand locnodcmeoea^a auapxiH, XEK-B
B'B
nojy ?HJi B
i r
PBIX'B CaMH JK6 HiMI^H HpHSBaJIH HpOXHETb CJiasaH-B. B'B 3Xy 9HOXy
Y
opajH BI Kopo^H repi^ora (jppaHKOHCKaro, HO HOCJITB ero cnepxH OHH
B03Be.iH Ha npecxoji b Feupuxa I Hmtvyejioea, repn,ora caKCOHCKaro,
r
I.
_,
HdM locyoapcmieHHoii OKUSHU y caaefiHCKUX* napoooez. leorpa-
({>HiecKoe nojioaxCHie CJiaBaHi. na BOCXOIHOH rpaHHn,^ 3ana^HOH
HMnepin H Ha c^BepHOH ^paHH^'B BocxoqHOil cxaBHJio O^HHXI>
H3i. HHXI. Bi Henocpe^cxBeHHoe conpHKOCHOBenie ci> FepMameH,
^pyrnx-B Cfc BHsaHxieft. BjiHaiaHmie KI> cxapoMy ncxopHiecKOMy
2
Mipy CAaoane drbJiujiucb na den ipynnu: sanadnyw u wwuyio ).
Kx sana^HOH rpynni npHHa^eatajiH npeawe Bcero pasHBia njreMeHa,
Ha BOCXOKI> H sana^i. oxi> 9^6u (HJIH JIa6u, oxKy.ua HXT,
noAaficKiixi) H no depery Ba.ixiHCKaro Mopa y ycxBesx
O^epa H BHCJIBI (noMopaue). IIo.ia6cKie H noMOpcme cjiaBane He
a
) CM. Kapiy XI. Ma^bapu KOMeBajin BI cxenaxt xenepemHefi Beccapa6in, H KI
HHMI eme oCpamajica BHsaHTiflcKifi HMnepaiopi (.lest
J
VI $HJOCO^%) BI 6opk6t ct
tt
CM. Kapiy XI
76
eoflj.ii OKOJO ^Byxi> J^T-B B-B saToqeHia. Ewy y^ajrocB em;e KpeciHTB
qemcKaro KHflsa Eypueon. II^epKOBB npHiHCJiHJia cJiaBflHCKHXx nep-
KX JiHKy CBflTBixx, H ex HXX HMeneMx dmra CBasana
o uawouaMHou caMocmoame.MHOcmu CAaoxncKaio n.ieMeuu.
107. IlepBBifl rocy^apciBa 6BMH Henpo^HBi,
cjraBflHCKia xoxa
HenpOMHOCTi, BCJltjliX 3a npHHflTleMX XpHCTlaHCTBa OHH H flOCTHraJIH Ha
OAHHM'B H3i>
o6pa30Bajia
Eopdoecniu xajiufiamt. Sax-BMTb BH^^JiHJica ocoCiiH xajiH(J)axii <fia-
muMudoet BI Ernnx-B co cxojHn,eio B'B Kaupn>. HaKonen.'B, H npa-
BHXCJIH OX.U.'BJIBHHX'B npOBHHIUH, xaKl Ha3BIBa6MLie 9MUpU, CX8JIH
II.
-
nOM eKjio sa co6oio H Apyrie cnopH areaK^y BOCTOIHHM'B H aanaji;-
'
,
xi BB. CKaa BJiacxB, KaKoro nanBi cxajra no.ziB30BaTBca C-B cepe^HHij VIII B.,
ne npHHec-aa nanciBy HH^ero xoponiaro. Qa.'EJiaBiHHCB npaBHie.iaMH
PHMCKOH o6jiaCTH, OHH flOJIJKHBI 6BIJIH BOJieiO-HeBOJieK) npUHUMCimt
ynacmie &t> Me^onnou no.mmuuecKou 6opb6n> puMcnou apucmoKpamiu.
Hs^panie na nancKifi iipeciojiTb ciajio saBHC-BTB OTTB BjiiaTe.iBHBix'B
BI ropo.a.'E H o6jiacTH sejiBMoafB, a OHH J^JISUIE nanaMH, KOFO xo-
,
CBOHXT. po,a;HBix B H CBOHxi ^pyseii
r
H cM^majiH HXI, Kor^a
9TO ji;jia ceda yAodHBiMi,. CjiynajiocB, qio nancKHMi.
npecxoJiOM'B pacnopaKajiHCB nopoiHBia aienmnHBi, H ITO nanw
yMHpaJia OTI.
pyKH ySinn.'B. CaMH nanBi Hepi^KO omAma.mcb cmpam-
HOW GesHpaecmeeHHOcmbw, H cociaBH-iacB .naste jereH^a o TOM-B,
jio,n,nepJKK B
uiaeMUH sKeHaTHMH cBameHHHKaMH, HC flMcTBHTejiBHBi. Hstfpame
nanw KapflHHajiaMH H 6e36paqie AyxoBenciBa CA^JiaJiHCB ex xoro
OCHOOHUMU saKomjuu mmoAmecKOu ^epneu. Yate npea-
Fpnropia VII 6opoJiHCB npOTHBi CHMomn, H C-B caMaro
CBoero npaBJieniff OHT> TBep,a;o nocmanoeuM Hua.miamb
a noiOMi. H 600601,6 noipe6oBaji'B, ITO^H BC^ ^y-
XOBHHH jiHn,a, nojyiHBmifl .no.iatHOCTH OTX CB-ETCKHXTb BJiacien,
CJOJEH.IH C-B Ce6fl 9TH ^OJiatHOCTH HO^X CTpaXOMI. OTJiyqeHlfl OTt
i;epKBH. Ho Tony ate nocTaHOB-ieniro H CB^TCKie npaBHiejin, KO-
Topue ciajin 6n pas^asaTL no CBoeny ycMOip'BHiH) n,epKOBHEia Micia,
no^ieasajiH n,epKOBHOMy naKasaHiio. BTHMI HOCJI'BAHHM'B Tpe6oBanieMi
nana xoT-fejn, yHmmowcumb maui nasbieaeMyw umeqmumypy, 06-
nepe^aiy flyxoBHtixt ^OJi^HOCTeft CBiicKHMH npasH-
HJIH
flHJTB KT> HOBOH JKH3HH H^CK) HMHCpiH HE SanRA^ JHfflB H-EMeHKifi KOpOJlb.
coBepmeHHO HHa^e.
12O. Bopi>6a neatly H HMnepien Haqa.iaci. npn
nanciBOMi.
CBIH^ FenpHxa III, Fenpuxrh IV. FenpHxi III ynep-B (1056) enje
A Hs6paHia BI nanti Fparopia VII H Kor,n;a ero CHHy SHJIO TOJIBKO
naib Ji'^i'L. Bi MajojiiTCTBO MOJIOAOFO Kopoja BX FepMaHin npo-
HCXOAHJIH CMyiH, ^io 6tuio oqeHb BEiroAno .pa TorAafflHeH no-
JIHTHKH nancTBa. Kor^a FenpHXi IV npnineji'B BJ> coBepmeHHHH
BOspacTx, OHI, sanajica yKp-EnjieHieM^ B^ FepnaHin,
CBoeft BJiaciH
nan-^ ^
CTBa. B'B IX XI BB. OHO BBIpOCJIO B'B D.'EJiyiO ^yXOBHyH) MOnapxilO najb HMne-
BI> TO caMoe BpeMfl, KaK-B CB-BTCKaa HMnepia, Hao6opoTi,, pacnajracB P ie
III.
MaKeoHCKoflnopaji;oK b BnyxpeHHflro
HMne pj a ^jiujracb Ha eejuw, BO rjiaB-B Koxopbix'b CXOHJIH cmpammu
ci> BoeHHOio H rpa3K,n;aHCKOK) BJiacxbro. B^ cocxaBi BoficKa BXOAHJR
iacxbro noceJienHBie BX
HMnepiH unopodiw (amoro c.ia-
npn HeMi, BoeHHaa
cjiyat6a c^jajiacb CBoero po^a nacArbd-
sanfimieMz. fljin co,a,ep^aHia apnin BI> OTAiJBHHXt 06-
jiacxaxt cymecxBOBajiH ocodbia eouHCKln noMncmiH, xo/Ke A&aaB-
ffliaca HacJiiACXBeHHtiMH noA'b ycJiOBieMi> nocxaBKH Bt BoeHHyio
1118). ITpn
KpecmwHCKaa ceo6oda nprnum 6i>
ynadoKb^ Meai^y npo-
noTOMy, ^TO ofaiiaH Kwkxnn cjiyaiHJiLix'b JHOACH nacejieH-
HLIMH SeM.lflMH, HJIH npOMHMU (TUpOVOta) npHBeJUb RT> yCHJieiHIO
K-iacca Kpynnux'b 3eMJieBJiaA'k ibijeB'b. llocjii KOMEHHOB-L BI> KOH-
;
IV.
KOHii,a X
ocxasajiacB asBiiecKOio). HOCJI'B pas^jrema n,epKBH H
B.
noJia6cKHX'B, HO
OHH ecmprb- s.u'ECB
a> MbMiwMu H cxajrn nepe^t HHMH oxcxynaxB. Haodoporb,
Kl BOCTOKy OTt HHXTb ffiHJIH <9m/Z .'lUmOeCKlH HMMCHa U UCLXOdu-
pa3dpo6u6waacH na ydn>Jiu Pycb: 9x0 HOSBOJIHJIO no.iaKaM'B
/
jiacb
l
) Castellanus OTB castellum. OTI nocjtAHaro npoHsonuo H noJbCKoe CJOBO
(^epKOBb).
94
TJIABA VI.
KpecTOBBie
I.
CPlAHflfl HCTOPW.
98
140.
liana YpdaHi, II OXOTHO corjiacnjcfl OKaaaiL A,ieKciio
cBoe cofliHCTBie. Boo6m;e nanu CUMHO noKpoeumeMcmeo-
t
_^ O. r^
earn saeoeeaHiw Ce. OBMAU. dio npe^npiflTie, HM-EBraee
nyio u$Jib H HaiaBmeeca no.n'B 6jrarocjOBeHieMi. naiibi,
snaMeneMt n;epKBH pimapcitm H Hapo^HLifl onoJiqeHia H T-BM'L
HpaBCTBeHHun aBTOpHierB. Em,e FpHropin VII
ycHJiHBajio ea
Ha ocBotfoiKfleme rpo6a Focno^Ha HS-L pyK-L neBipHLix-B,
Ha ^ijio, jjocTOHHoe xpnciiancKaro BOHHCTBa. 9xy ate ca-
MBICJIL npOBOAHj^ BT> cosname o6m,ecTBa H YpSaHi. II. Bi
1095 T. OH-B C03B8JEX COfiOpZ 6V E^epMOHTb (ffb OBepHH), Ha KO-
TOpHH C06pa10CB MHOateCTBO flyXOBHHXTb, pBIH,apeH H npOCTOJIIOAH-
HOBi). Bi> nojii OKOJO ropo^a 6ujn> ycipoeni HOMOCT^, ci KOTO-
BC'EX'b
sanaAHiixt eBponeHo.eB'B (fipaumMU. HxajibflHH.bi, y
BT> 9x0 BpeMa
yjKe pasBHBajrca ropOAOBofi 611x1, cMoxpijJiH na
BOjray npeHMym,ecTBeHHO C'B TO^KH spinia tuopioebixi uumepecoet H
BH^IH Bt CBponeficKHXi saBoeBaniaxt Ha BOCTOK-B .inrnb onopy ^a
CBOHXT, KOMMepqecKHXt npe^npiailH. Ho B-B KpeciOBtix'B noxo^ax-L,
caMOcmomm.i'buoe SHcweme npUHadMMaAO u peauiios-
odyMeeAeum, npjraHMaBineMy HHor^a j^aate dojiiaHeHHtia
<|)OpMLi.Hep-E^KO BO BpeMH noxo.noB'B coBepinajiHCb eepeucKie no-
^poMbl, a B^ HaiajrB XIII B. BO $paei;iH H Bt FepManiH ycxpan-
#aa&e upecmoeue noxodu drbmea. HaKOHen;'L, nonaTHO, ITO
a saBoeBaHia na BOCTOK'B conpOBO^ajHCb H
pacnpocmpaHenieMt KamojiuvbusMa,'.
142. IlepBLlH KpeCTOBblH nOXO^l. Ha^aJICfl BCKOp-B nOCJli K.;iep- HepBHt no-
MoncKaro co6opa. Ha nocjiaHia Ypdana II KI KopojiflMi, H nan-
Co .lie SHaTHbiMi) (Jjeo.fliajraM'L H na SOBI, nponoBi^HHEOBi, nocjan-
HBIX'B nanOK) BO BCi CTOpOHU, C'bpaflOCTbK) OTKJHKHyJIHCb BO BC^Xl
CJioaxi o6m,ecTBa. HpaBHJibHO opraHHSOBanHbiMi. onOviqeniflM-b PBI-
jjapeii npe,nmecTBOBajn> uucmo napodnuu noxo^^
no.n'b npeABO^H-
Hei'pa HycibiHEHKa H 6-BAHaro pbin,apfl Bajibiepa Fo-
9xoro noxo,a,a (dojibineio lacibio
H c-b PeHHa) nycxHJiHCB BI nyxb, He Hark
H xpy,n;HOCXH nyxH, HJIOXO o^Tbie H iyxb He deso-
Hacxoam,aro o6osa H 6esT> .neHeatHbix-b cpe,a;cxBx. Ha
nyxn HX-B Bcxpijqajra He,npyate.iH)6HO, HO OHH Bce-xaKH npoimm ,a;o-
JIHHOH Aynaa ^epes-B Benrpiio H Bojirapiro, rpa6a Hacejienie H
npoSHBaa ce^i Aopory CHJIOH), H
KoHCxaHXHHonojia, r^t
flonuiH ^;o
xoase npHHajiHCb rpa6nxB. ^xoSbi ox^jaxBca ox^ xaKHX-B onacHbixt
qenia, Korfla
yBHfl'EJio OHO
CBam,eHHBiH ropofl^, dBuri, 6e3rpaHH ii-
HBIH. KpecxoHOcn;Bi He HOHIJIH HH Ha Kama MHpHBia ycjiosia.
Popodt GUM essimz npucmynoMb, H B'B HCMI npOHSonuiH pisna
J
) CM. Kapxy XVII.
101
BOSBpaTHJICa B-B
J
) CM. napry XVII.
104
narpa^y
6oJibniia flenbrii, co^HCTBie BI BOHH'B sa lepyca-MM-b u
ie nanciBy BocToqHOH uepKBH. CT. CBOCH ciopOHbi, H Bene-
epiKajiH npocb6y n.apeBHia, H coe,ztHHeHH
npe^BO^HTe.ibCTBOM'b npeciap'BJiaro dowa,
iio.n'b
djaronpiaTHbiXT) oCcxoaxejBCTB'B.
150. $PHAPHXT,II ToreHniTay^eH-L (12181250) ^BM-B po-
HSI*
^HHacTin, HaxoAHBUienca B-B nocToaHHOH 6opB6i ci> nan-
(
npH3Ba.m Ty,a,a
n;y30Bi, EOTOpne H OMaA^JH BTHMI. ocipOBOMi, (1268).
151*. IIocjii^Hie ,pa noxo.ua 6ujiH. npeAnpHHflTH ^pan^
KOp OJi em JIwdoeuKOMZ
.
IX CenmuMz.
.
IlepBEiH
r HSI. HHXX 6ujn> E&-
no HacTOflmio nanu (MHHOKeHTiH IV) BCKOpi nocji'B HOBaro sa-
lepycajiHMa MycyjLMauaMH. JIOAOBHK'B IX piuinjica nanacmt
nptiMO ua camoio eiunemcmio cyjimana H, BEica^HBrnHCt H6Aa.ieKO
fffiMiemmu (y HHJILCKOH ^BJIBTH), OBJia^-BJii) axHMTb ropo^ojo, (1248).
Bt ErHnTi KpecTonocn,Li no,a,BeprJiHCL pasniiM^ Soj-BsnaMt H cxajn
TepniiB nopaatenia. Can-b K0po.it nonajit flame BX n^Hi, HSX KO-
Toparo 6mi &
r
cyjiBManaMt, 6tiJia Anpa, icoxopaa nona.ia BT, nxx pyKH B-B 1291 r.
9xo cotftixie H cinxaexca KOUI^OMI npecmoeuxz noxodoez.
152*. KpecxoBiie noxoflti HM^JIH Baatnoe HcxopnqecKoe sna-
^eHie. 9x0 6Bi.io caMUMZ npynuuMb cmojiKHoeenieMZ Meotcdy xpu-
e upecTo-
cmiancKUMz u MycyMMauCKUMK Mipajuu, MCTK^y KOXOPLIMH B0o6m,e
mjra 6opB6a. OHO Ha^ajroct B-B xy anoxy, Kor^a xajH^axi, yate
pacnajrca Ha rocy^apcxBa, HO H Meatfly xpncxiaHaMH
oxfl-ljBHtia
HC 6HJO corjiacia. BtponcnoB'BflHaa POSHB cxaBHja KpecxoHocn;eB'B
H rpeKOB'B BO BpaatfledHLia oxHonieHia, fla H caMH sanaflHBia
BtiCHjaBfflia KpecxoHOCHua onojiqeHia, flMcxBOBajH
EBponefinaM'B ne oxnaxB y MycyjibsiaH-B ]3ajiecxHHy,'H
yflajiocB noxoflti,
HMH ex 9x010 n, kiBK) BI, Asiro, jrainB
r
107
II.
ciajia BI> 9TO BpeMa eeodumi e?> oGuuau pasdcmy tmdy.meuu,iu, T.-e.
,
HSTB KOTOPHXI> BUUMH H KJnomHiibi, H CB. EepHap,m>,
HeciaataHifl jiHinb B-B CMHO/TB oiKasa OTI. JIHIHOH co6-
III.
3HaieHie.
cpeone&rbKoeux* lopoooo*. Bt 3iy anoxy OT^TBJiBHBifl JiHB;a OXOTHO
B-& TOBapHiu;ecTBa ^.ifl o6m,aro ]$&& HJH .HJIH o6iD;eH
Coe^HHflJiHCB BI> lUMdiu Kynn,Bi OTJU'BJIBHBIX'B odmnH-B,
H ropo^a B-B i^-fejiue COTOSBI pa^n odmnx-B TOproBBixi>
HHiepecoBi. 6miH moeapuiyecKUMu
HGXH Toate
ecjieuuuKo&b oduou u moii otce cneu/ia.ibHOcmu BX
ropoAaxx. Bca o6pa6aTBiBaK)m,aH npOMLinuieHHOCTB Ha-
Tor^a BT> pyKaxx peaiecJieHHHKOBT), H npoasBOACTBO co-
BepmajocB BT. MajienBKHX'B saBe^eHiflx-B, B-L
KOTOPBIX-B
caM-B xosaHHT,, HJIH Macmepz ct oqeaB HC^OJIBUJHM'B qnc-iOMi.
pa6oqHXi (nodMacmepbee*), c^HiaBinHxca ero MJia^inHMH TO-
(compagnons, Gesellen), H
120
H
HOH ate cpe^Bi BBi6HpajiH CBOHXX cxapocx^. I],exi pa6oxajnb
BCHHO JIHfflB Ha CBOH TOpOA'B H Ha CFO OKpyri., X.-6. Ha
PUHOKZ. TaKHMi) oSpasoMx ropoflCKaa npOMLinuieHHOcxB B'B
cOopaxi Ha
o6u;ia nyaiABi). Kor^a ropo^a xaKate saiiajiH caMO-
cxoflxejBHoe nojioateHie BT> ^eo^ajiBHOM'B oSm.ecxB'B, xo H OHH
6BUH qepesi. CBOHXX ^ojiwtHOCXHBix'B >
J^H^ B
npHHHMaxB yiacxie
ofimnx-B AoroBOpaxi. B-B 9x0 BpeMH H cxajH B03HHKaxB codpania, KO-
xopaa yate He HM-BJIH qncxo ({)eoAajiBHaro cocxasa, noxoMy ixo na
HHXI, noaBHJHCB npe^cxaEHxejiH H He-^eo^ajBHaro KJiacca o6m,ecxBa.
TaKHM-B o6pa30Mi>, 6jiaroAapa ropo^aMx, npeaiHia (fieodaMnun nypiu
3a,M'n>HUJiuc'b co6paniHMU uoeaio muna, Koxopna npHHaxo HasBisaxB
$Hjrann b
'
1
) AjiB^pe^t nOAoCno Kap.iy BeJiHKOMy MHOFO aaCoTHJica H 061 o6pa30BaaiH CBoero
Hapoja.
- 125 -
.naaie
HCKOHHBiX'B o6biqaeBi>. BT> yKasaHHOMt coxpaneniu dpeene-iepMancKUXz
OCHOOZ 6btma saiuioqaeTCfl o^Ha HSI oqenb BaatHHxi oco6eHHOCieft
aHoincKOH HCTOpia. Mnoroe HST. 9ioro 6Hia coxpaHH-iocB BI
FenpHxa 111
CHMOHTb MOH(J)OpTCKiH 6UJH> HOS^JK^eHl H yftHTL Bt
C-L KOpOJlCBCKHMI) BOHCKOATb, HO DpHAyMaHHaa HMI> M^pa, T.-C.
COSHBI, na
n 6oj&mie COB^TH", KPOM-E npe.iaTOBi, H 6aponoBi, pii-
)
KaKOK) ona 6iua BX anoxy caKconcKOH, (ppaHKOHCKOH H
(T.-C. OTI> na^ajia X #0 cepe^HHti XIII B.). HOC^FE
ForeHniTay(|)eHOB'L KnasBfl ciajiH BLi6HpaTB BTB Kopojia JHO^CH, Koiopwe
He MOHIH 6biTB onacHBiMH RJIH HXT> B.iaciH (rojuraH^CKaro rpat})a, aiiraiM-
CKaro npHHija, KaciH.iBCKaro Kopojia), H 910 Bpena HOCHTI BT.
ra6c6yproBi,.
TaKHMi, KOpoJieMi) OHjii, Pyoo.<iMj)5 1 aocoypiCKiu (12/3 1291 j,
y KOTOparo 6mio jramt ITECKOJIBKO saMKOBt BTB BjiBsaci H HlBefi-
i^apin. Cx
aioro BpenenH H caMH rocyAapH CTajin ^epataxBca uo-
eou nojiumuKU. OHH ^OJituieio ^aciLio y^e ne reajiHCB sa npn-
spaKOM'B BcecBiiHOH HMnepm, ne flyMajm 061 oneifB Ha,a,i> nan-
"
CTBOMT> H ne coBepinaJiH jjpHMCKHX'L noxo.noB'B fti
IV.
cio^a Jiyimifl
KCIH KOJiOHmaifiH ycu.mAacb ei snoxy MeoKdyyapcmeifi, Kor^a Ky-
jraiHoe npaso sacxaBjajio MHOTHX'B HCKaxB dojie SesonacHofi H
JKH3HH Bsi FepMamH. Ei> 3ioMy axe BpeMenn OTHO-
H SMUipauiiH nrbMiweb &b uewcnie u no.ncnie lopoda. Bo-
y cjraBflH'L B^ cpe^nie B^Ka ropo^CKOfi 6BiTi> SBM'B Majio pasBHTi, H
cpedu HUHZ npedcmaeume^^MU lopodcnou nyMmypu.
191*. SaBoeBanie no.iadcKHX'L H noAiopCEnxi CJiaBanx H-BM-
oieHB o6jerqajioci) paeuuHHOcmiiW HXI> cipaHLi. HesaeucuMOcmi
vexoez, HaoftoporB, oxpaHfljin lopu, OKpyjKaiomia HX-B cipany. Ho ^e-
xia Bce-iaKH npo^ojraiajra ocTaBaT&ca B-B BaccaJiBBBixi, OTnomeHiflXT> K^
H'BMeqKOH HMnepin H npHHHMai& B-B ce6a nepecejieHU.eB'B HSI. FepMaHin.
CnopBi sa HMnepaiopCKyio Kopony BI> KOHH.'B XII H Haqajii XIII B. no-
3BOJIHJIH ^eincKOMy KHH3K) ^
OmmoiwjQu^I nociaBHTB CBoe rocy^ap-
CTBO Bi) Jiyqines nojio^eHie no OTHoniemio K-L FepManiH, H OHTB
JK6 OKOHyaTejiBHO npHHflJii KOpojieeCKW mumyjit (OKOJIO 1 200 r.^
npn^eMTb no/aBBji-B Boscxanie yA'BJiBHHX'B KHaseii. Ero BHyK^,
Ommonapt II (1253 BejHKaro
r
y .mmuweu
l
) CM. Kapxy XIII.
137
TJIABA VII.
I.
npn A^piaHonojt, H
$P aHH.y 30B1I> nepBiifi
II.
l
) Cp. Kapiy XXI.
142
.npyrnMi,
qxo KOHCIHO sacxaBH.io MHoraxt H3i>
, ,
paCKO.TL. Y
na KOiopoe TO-H-^'BJio nana^ajH COC-B^H H BHyxpn KOioparo HOCTOHHHO
nponcxo^HJiH CMyiBi. CaMoe npe^HBaHie nani) B-B ABHHBOH'B B^ xe-
leme ceMH^ecaiH JI'BT'B o6xacHaeTca OTiacTH HX'B aie.ia-
HOITH
HieM-B 6LITB SesonacHOCTH B^ajiH OTi> Pana. Hacejieme Biiaaro
B'B
HOG H B H Hi 6
HacT | ff npeicxaBHxe.iH KOXODOH sanHJiajiH H npecxo.TB
me BI, ^iexin. PHMCKOH HvnepiH repMancKOH naqiH. B'B 1348 r. oz Upaub
145
Be^CHT6TT>.
yciaBx p&wbjisJi i> npaazcKiu ynHBepCHTexi Ha
r
u
n Han,iH (qeracKyro, caKCOHCKyro, dasapCKyio H nojrfcCKyio), HO Bt
naqaji^ XV B. qexaMt yjiajiocb Ao6nTBCfl xoro, qxo B-B ^Jiax'b yHHBep-
tt
CHTexa HXI> n nai^ia coxpaHHJia o^na CBOH TOJIOCI., Tor,a,a KaKTb ipn
ocxajiBHEia Han,iH ^ojraiHLi 6miH coodma nojibsoBaitcfl TaKate .innib
O.HHHMTJ rojiocosi'L. (He^OBOJibHbie 9THMT> H-BAmu noKHHyjin Tor,n;a
CTpasaxi), BBicTynH.i'B ct
IVE.IBIM-B yqemeATB o
AOXOAOB'L. To, 1TO Ha^aJIOCb B'B ABHHbOH'B, BTE> PHM^ HaHIJIO TOJIbKO
CBoe npoflOJUKeme H ^ajibflMmee pasBHTie. IlanLi BGJIH
III.
KapAK I.
ro.ioBa
npHu'Br'B s peeo.mwoHHOMy cnocooy dnucmeiu,
Kap.i* YI. HO npn ero CBIHTB Kapjin> VI, le.iOB-BiMB coBepnieHHO necnocooHOMi, a
BI> KOHD.'B CBoeft aiHSHH noTepflBraeMi, pascyflOK'L, jt-BJia OHHTB nom.iH
itacmu, $HJiHnn B IV r
HWH 6bix L napin CH-TB en;e uucmo (fieodaMmm. IIpaBAa, B-B XIV
i
11
162
\
!
eomupoeaniu cy6cudiu ); 2) o6 fe na-
r
B ""
230. BO BTOpOH HOJIOBHH'B XV B. npOHSOHLIO H^EOTOpOe
l ' :l '
)
|
11*
164
ne RJIR BaccajroBi,
npoxHB-B ciosepeHOB'B. 4>eo,ii;ajiBHoe pas-
npHSHasajiocb SOJIOXOK) 6y.uoio sa BHOJIH'E saKOHHoe, B
eduuaio locydapn ympauueaAa suaueme.
233*.TaKHM'B ofipasoM-B FepMania BT> XIV H XY BB. pacna-
Ha MHOJKeCTBO OXA'BJIbHBIX'b BJiafllmiH, KHHS'bH KOWlOpblXb
B^ 3*1
HHHH. ece 6oArbe u 6ombe nesaoucuMUMU omz UMnepamopa.
9THX-B n 36Mejib" BJiaciL KHaseft He 6uji&
3eMCKie uuuu, T.-e. M^CTnoe AyxoBeucTBO, pimapCTBo H
cocjiOBie cxajin coSHpaibca HJIH BBicbiJiaTbnpe^ciaBHTejreH na SGM-
CKie cefiMLi, HJIH jiaudmaiu, KOiopBie sanHMajiHCb yciaHOB.ieHieM'L
H HasHaqemeMi usuiorowb. Ho Knasba CTpeMM.iHCb ycn-
H na HX^ cieTi,. MHorie ptin;apH H ropo^a HsSiata-iH
BJiacxb
Kefl3baMi>: nepsne cocxaBBJiH xaKi) nasiiBaeMoe UMnep-
CKoe puu/apcmeo, Biopbie HasbiBajracb UMnepcniiMU lopodajuu (BT>
OT.inqie OT^ pbiuapciBa H ropOAOB^ n 3eMCKHx b"). EHHSLH XOT^JH
r
Myati sa
repn,ora aBcxpificKaro, djiaro^apfl ieMy npOHsouuio coe/i,H-
Henie ra6c6yprcKHX'B H jiK)KceM6yprcKOH AHHacxifi. Ho nocjii cuepxn
CHrH3MyH.ua H BI> BenrpiH, H BI, ^exiH (JBLIH BBi6paHBi HauioHajiBHBie
KOpo-iH (Mamenu Kopeuuz H lOpiu IIodrb6padcniu) H O^HH-B HSI. HHXI>, :
237. OB
Hsdpanifl Ajib6pexxa ABCxpiftcKaro HMnepaxopcKaa KO-
pona Ha xpH ci> no.iOBHHOio B^Ka ymeepduAacb sa Pa6c6ypiaMU.
%
'Bi KOHi^i XV H Haiajtfi XVI B. 9xa ^HHacxin snanumeMno pac-
ceou ejiadnnin. CBIH'B $pn^pHxa III, MancuMUMam, ^ap-
nocji nero (1493 1519), eme npn JKHSHH oxi^a aje-
Ha jjoiepH Kapjra CMijiaro, Mapiu EypiyudcKou, H nojiyqH^i)
B-B npn^aHoe sa Hero Hudepjiandu. Cfioero CBiHa ($HjiHnna Kpacn-
Baro) OHI aieHH.ii) Ha flonepH 0epduuauda Apaioncnaio H Hsa-
KacmuMCKOu, nacji'BAHHrii Hcnauiu (loaHHi BesyMHofi), a
xoro, ycxpOHJii* 6paKi. cseHxi BnyKOBi. ($epAHHaHAa H Ma-
pia) C-B ^o^epBio H CBIHOMTB Kopojia BenrepCKaro H qemcKaro, B.ia-
H 3x0 noMora^o f&Jiy oieiiB MSJO, noxojiy qxo ne 6buo HUKamio u,eu-
fpanuiH, AH-
HCTopk)
r e
enympennee uxt> paseumie H B-L HOBoe Bpeiia. Bx BTHX-B cipa- '"^, a HJ H
,
COdCTBeHHO TOBOpa, paSJHHHHM'L o6pa30Ml> CJIOaKHJIHCb BSaHMHHH
OTHonienia KopojreBCKOH BJiaciH, ^eo^ajifcHOH apHCTOKpaiiH H ro-
po,ncKoro cocjJOBia. Bo $paHiUH nepBOHa^ajibno cjiadaa KOpojieecKan
ecmynuAa m com* a> lopojicauaMU npomm* (fieodadoe?, H
Ha pas^opax-B Meat^y odoHMH cocjiOBiaMH. B'B AHrjiin,
Hao6opOTi,, oieHB BX HaqajTE CHJiBHaa KopoAeecKan ejiacmb ecmprbmu-
mcb c* comoMz 6apouoff6 u lopowam, HTO HM^JIO cji-BACTBieMi, ea
orpaHHqeme. Bo <I>paH^H noaxoAiy BTB HOBOG Bpeaia ycxaHOBHJica afico-
jiwmu3M%, B'B AHmiH o%paHUueHHan Monapxin. 06-E cxpaHBi Bcxy-
HHJIH B'B HOByK) HCXOpilO, O^HaKO, KaKI ItlbJlbHUH Hai^ioHCUbHblH KO-
MeMcdyu,apcmeie.
IV.
1
) CM. Kapry XIX.
172
Ky.ibxyp E.
r
Bt Haqa.TE XIII B. BCJ^ACTnie sojiomou 6y.).n>i
CT> Ta.mueMz. He
HM-BH cuHOBefi, .Iro^OBHKt saB^ma-TL npe-
cxojii. CBoefi ji,oqepH Mapin, Koxopaa c^JiajiacL HeBicxoio, a HOXOM-B
H ateHoro cbtna uewcmio uopojin (H H-BMei^Karo HMnepaxopa), BHO-
o'B.iiiCXBiH Toate diiBinaro qeiiiCKHM'L KOpojieM-B H HMiiepaxopOMi.,
I. Bjiaro^apa 3xoMy, Benrpia BpeMGHHO coeduHumcb ct
3MyH,a;a
HO saxo oil nea omnajia IIoMwa, npnsBaBmaa na npeciojit
JLEOflOBHKa (flABHry). Bnpo^eni, BI, nepBOH nojiOBHETB XV B.
caMH eu6upajiu na ceou npecmoM noMcmio Kopojin (Bja-
Bo Bxopoii UOJIOBHH'B XV B. Benrpien npaBHJH Fyniadu
.
H3T> KT>
(HJIH
eucuMOcmu omn> HOMWU. 3xo onaxB no^Ha.io Ilo.ibiny B-B jmimiH ie-
XOB-B, H HX-B Han,ioHajiBHbiH Kopojb lOpin IIoA'fe^paACKiH yd'BAH.i'b ceihii>
ero npeeMHHKOMi. na npecxoJTE CLma KasHMipa IV, BA>-
175
l
)
llo.ii,nrli iiimuaA-iexaJO ra.iHii.Koe KHflffieci'BO, .iHTB'fe ociajbHua K)ro-uana^uu;i
H ctBepo-saiiaAHUfl pyccnia SCMJH.
176
>
Ha oSinHpnoft Tep-
saHHMaBnieHCfl FepMaHien, ^exien, BeHrpiefi H no.!BineH,
OHO TOJBKO-qTO ycuAuea.wcb u dame ycmaHoe.ifi.wch euoeti. Em,e
(B'B KOHU;B XVI B.) OHO yTBep,a;H.iocB H B-B Poccia.
CPE^Hflfl HCTOPIfl. 12
178
TJIABA YIII.
KyjiBTypa.
1! lidllllU.
179
258 =:
\ Em,e BI nocjrBAHifl BpeMena PHMCKOH HMnepia BOO seioe-
BI> HCH oou^tu dKonoMU'tecntu ynaooKi, x.-e. H xop-
l
na IepuoM?> u ASOOCKOMZ Mopnxz,
TOBapti H3i> TorjjamHeit PocciH. nocj-E OKOHiama Kpe-
noxoflOB'b BeHen,iaHH,bi pacmupUAU o6Aacm,^ ceouxz mop-
cnomeniu BoroqemeM^ BI nee (B-L XIV* B.) Bcero sana^no-
eBponeftcKaro naiepHKa H Anrjiin, taroflapa ieMy BI
HOH Espon-B, Ha nyiH Mem^y CBBepatiMH cipanaMH H
B03HHKIO MHOateCTBO BaJEHHX'B TOprOBHX^ nyHKTOBl,. Oco66HHO
MHoro 6ujio HX-B HM6HHO Bi FepMamH, rA^ B-L KOHI^-B cpe^HHXt
B'EKOB'B B03HHKJIH xame lopodcKie cowsu, KaKi peunCKiu u lanseu-
CKIU. IIocJi'B^HiH saxsaTHJii ET, CBOH pyKH mopwQAto no, Ecuimiu-
CKOMZ u HrbMeiwoMi) Mopnxz l ) H sejit ee CTB Poccieft, CKaH^H-
rocy^apCTBaMH, Anrjiiett, IlIouiaHAieH, HH^epjraHAaMH H
CTpaeaMH. BajKHoe BHaienie -BI, MeaiAysapOAHott ToproB.i'B
KOH^a cpeAHHX-L B^KOB-B nojryqnjiH H Hudepmndu.
II.
l
) CM. Kapry XIII.
183
yHHBepcHxexaxx,
J
Hxo npOHSOfflJio jHinb Bi) anoxv Kpe-
'
.
H HSMOJK^eHHHMH.
268*. BHsaHTmcKaff Ry^biypa Bbipocja na ipenecKOu ocnoen,
H0 BT> He j| anmuuHuu BJieMeHT^ see do-ite H dojiie yciynaji'b J J
BHSRHTIHCKOH
MBCTO u,epK06Hujw> Hcwojiam, OK^ 9TO OLMO, BnpoqeMi,, H Ha
/I,pyraH qepxa BH3aHTHHH3Ma
BX cpe^nie B BKa. f
.Sanafl'E omcym-
cmeie JIUHHOU opuiunaMHOcmu, KOiopaa H B'L odJiacTH OTEJeneH-
naro MbimjieHifl, H BT> o6jiacTH xy^oatecTBeHHaro TBOpieciBa ciic-
ycmanoejiennuMU (fiopwaMU, noAAepatHBaBinHMHca H Bja-
aKi> rocy,napCTBeHHOK), xaKi. H n,epKOBHOio), H o6in,ecTBeH-
r
HbiMT> MErBHieMT), H BC'BM'b cKja^OMt 5KH3HH ci> npeo6jra^;aHieM b
BI nefi ipa,nHii;iH H o6biqaeB b! r
III.
270 :i
'\ Bi> HCTOpia Mycy.ibMaHCKofi oopasoBanHOCTH epeMeua toe-
nodcmea apaooet u locnodcmea mypowb ptsKO pas.iHyaioTCfl Meai^y
).
Apa6u o6HapytHJiH snaiHTeJibHyio eocnpiuMuueocm^Koeucmeu
rtxi. napOAOBi,, Koxoptie no^najiH no^-b HXI. Bjacxb.
aJXHMHKOBl,):
275*. ApadcKaa JiHTepaiypa, nHiaBmaaca CKasaHiaMH
llogsia H HC-
Ha po^oBX BocTOKa, OTJinqaexca nBiJiKoii AaHTasiefi H micmo-CKasou-
KyccTBO apa-
xapanmepOM'b. B'B coopHHKt ,,TBicaqH H OAHOH HoqH BOIUJIO
co^epaiaHie JiHTepaTypti apadoB-B, rpeKOB^, HH^ycoB-B, nep-
COB-B H ji;p. Hapo^OB-B. Mnorie BOCiogHBie pascKasn nonajiH BT> na-
pOAHyro cjroBecHocTB 3ana^HO-eBponeHCKHxi> cipan-B npn nocpeACTB-B
apa6oBT>. (Hs'B MycyjiBMaHCKHX'B HOBTOB'B ocodenHO npocjiaBH.iHCB y
nepcoBi> <&updycu m> XI B., aBiopt annqecKOH LUaxz-HaMe, T.-e.
KHHFH i^apefi, a B^ XIV B. JTHPHKI. Fac/mst). OqeeB MHoroe CA^-
apaSti H B-B apxumenmyprb, nj)Hcnoco6HB'B K-B CBOHMT. no-
BHaaHTiftcKin Kyno.ii. H .aeritia KOJIOHHH nepcoB^. Bi
HcnaniH ^aaie BBipadoiajca oco,6HH MaBpHTaHCKiii CTHJIB.
mypa u ofcueonucb BX MycyjiLMancKOM-B Mipi pasBHTBca ne
noiOMy qio Kopani. sanpemajii. ^ijiaTB Hsodpaatenia aiHBBii'B cy-
meciBi., oiracaacL H^ojionoKJiOHCTBa, HO sa TO apadw SBIJIH oco6eH-
HLIMH MacxepaMH BX opnaMeHTHK'B, nepe^aB-B CBOHM-B yaopanx na-
3Banie
IV.
277*. KaKt B'L BasaHTiH, xaifb H na Sana^i, BI cpe^nie B^Ka Cy^b6a Kjac-
) Ilpa Afiopt Ka].ia ;I;H.IO nt,ci;<i.ii,i;o VHeHHXi,, iipii -lori, OIIH o6o:maMiuii ceoa Hiie-
])a:!iiHx-b iiHcaTe.ieft APGBHOCTH, a Kap.m ua :;una.ui Jt
192
Sanadrb B-B XII H XIII BB. (xoxa S^CB H sapo^HJiacB ona em,e paHBme
B-B xpy^ax-B loauHa dpmeuu Cuomo, K-B IX B.). FpeiecKaro asBma cxo-
uiaro, qio TOJbKO HACH HM'EioT'b HCTHHHOC 6biTie, H ^TO Bci Bein,H
cyib Jinnib Konin H^efi. C'b od'BHX'b TO^CK^ spiHia cxo.iacTHKH
ciapajHCb corjiacoBaib MeatAy co6oio 6n6jieHCKie TeKCTbi, Metnia
omoBi, n;epKBH, nocTaHOBjema co6opOBi H nancme yKasw. HEKO-
TOpblC H3I> HHXl) npH 9TOMT. C03HaT6JIbHO nodnUHHdU drbHmeAb-
Hocmb pasynta npunnmuMz nanamu sa ucwiuunufi, a
yHenifuwb,
dpi/lie, Hao6opomK, nodeepiajiu 9mu ynewn ceo6odnoMy moAKoeamw
. oiHomeHie Kb BonpocaM-b 4>H-ioco(})iH
Iloc.i'BAHee
IIIJIH BI>
KHHFE Wr3,a H H-EX'B" (Sic et non) OH-B npHBejrB MHOFO npnMijpOB'B xoro,.
KaKi. pasHLie aBxopHxexti,
npHseaBaBmieca Kaxo-zmqecKOK) ijepKOBBio,
OAHHI, apyroMy npOTHBOp'BqHJH, T.-e. ryj'E OAHH roBOpmiH da, jjpyrie
Htbrrn. Hxo6&i
roBopiuiH IIo9xoMy cnopnBie BO-
A6ejrap'B jKejiajr-B,
RCK6TH3MR.
pasBHXHMH yucxBeHHUMH HHxepecaMH, JIIOAH ate,
Ki> HpaBCXBCHHOMy caMocoBepmeHCXBOBaHiH),
(cip. 207).
III. 06mi8 onepKi Hciopin cpejtHeB'feKOBofi ^epKBH (cip. 209).
1H
CD
09
t*
e-
o
E
P K
*>
8 o
207
BiVIlB. BI Asiii cpejin apafioBi aBHjacb HOBaa pejiiria (iicjaM-b), H aaxfeMt 5559
o6pa30BaJocb o6uiHpnoe rocyji.apcTBoCxajiictaTtXB'b cociaBi KOioparo BOIUJIU,
Apasin, Muoria SCMJIH, npiiHaji;jieacaBiiiia npeKji,e BiisaHTiii (Ciipia, ErimeTL,
Bepaaa A(|>pHKa), a xaitate H see uepcn^cKoe n;apcTBO, a BT> Haia
maro CTo.if.Tia apa6n OBiaatjiii H HcaaHieB, OTKy^a npejinpflHajiu-Obijo
sauie FaiJiiu. PacKHHyBiuncb BT. Tpex-b yaciax-b cstTa, xajm<|)arb cocTasnjiT. co6oio
oco6bifi iicTopaqecKiB Mipi, Koiopbiii BCiyniaT. BI 6opb6y C'b xpHCTiancKHMT,
6opb6y, HMiromyK) nepBocTeneneoe 3Ha^eaie B^ HCTOpiii cpejHHXt B"B-
.,
Ha 'BanaAt apafibi 6bijii oxpaateHbi tftpaHKaMii, H sea TaatecTb 6opb6bi CT> HHMII
Ha nepBbixT. nopaxi, Bbinaia Ha IOJIK) RiisaHiin, Koxopaa Jinoib CT. BCJIIIKHM b xpy-
AOM-b OTCToajia sa co6oK Majiym Asito H ApxiinejarT.. noioaceHie BnaaHTin 6ujio
T-BMT> aa'rpyAniiTeJibH'fee, HTO BT> Efipont CT. TOFO KG VII B., Kor.ua BOSHHKT. xajm-
<j)aiT>, ctiBepHbia qacxn HMnepin cxajin Hajio-no-Majiy nepexo^nxb HOAI Bjacxb na-
pOflOBT, cjiaBancKaro npOHCxoaiAeflia (cepfoBT> H 6ojirapT.).
i,
MCTOPU. 14
210
nepio^i. aBHHBOHCKaro -njiiHeHia nani,. BMTJCXT. CT. SXHMT. nancxso H KJHPT. npnxo-
jaxT. BT. HpaBCXBeHHBifl yna^OKT.,qxo BBiSBiBaexi. npoxiiBT. HHXX B'B Bl;pyK)iD,nxT.
HeyAOBOJiBcxsie. BT. .noBepiueme scero B'B KOHn,"B XIV B. BT. D,epEBii npo-
211
mom eji'b pacKOjn>, ;unBmiBcfl OKOJO copoKa rfeTi. Bee 310 HaBoiiuo ea MUCJI> o
(BT, IX aJb6nro8cTBO
B.), (B'b XII B.), Bajb^eHCTBO (BI. XII B.), nponost-jib
Haro EsaHrejiifl (BI. XIII B.), BeKJiH<t)H3Mi. (BI XIV B), rycuicTBO (BI XV B.).
Hau6o.in>e saMWtameMnue cpedueen>Koeue nanu. CHJibBecipi. I (314 335),
KoHCTaHTHHa BejHKaro. Jlesb I BejiiiKiS (440461). Fpuropifi Be-
^590-604). Tpuropia II (715731). 3axapifl (741752). Cre^aHX II (752
757). JleBi, III (795816). HiiKOJau I (858867). loanHT, XII (955964). Ciuib-
BecTpt II (repCepTi, 999-1003). JleB* IX (10491054). HHKOiaS II (1059
1061), Tpiiropia VII (I'lUbjieripaHAT,, 10731085). Yp6aH-b II (1088-1099). Kaj-
JHKCTI, II (1119-1124). A^piaHi, IV (11541159). AjieKcaHflpi III (1159-1181).
HuoKeHTiS (1198-1216). rpiiropifi IX (12271241). YpSaH'b IV (1261-
III
a) PoMano-repMaHCKie
B) C.iaBHUCKie
249 H 252. onacHocxa ex. oj;Ho8 CTOPOHH ort H-feMaeBX, ci jpyroS OTX xypoEi,. Saarfeqa-
xejBHo eme, qxo BX> 9x11x1 xpext rocy^apcxBaxx BBipa6oxajiBCB H H-fcKoxopBia o6iu,ia
qepxBi aojEBxniecKaro H conjajbHaro 6bixa: BOSBBimeme nauoBt H nuaxxti, KOXO-
pBie HaiBnaiox'B rocnojcxBOsaxb Ha ceaMaxx, saKpinomeHie KpeciBaacxBa, npe-
flocxaB-aeme ropoioBi> ntimaM'B H espeajTb H x. n.
XpOHOjioiin eawHnuwuxi co6umiu.
OcHOBanie rocy^apcxBt 6ojrapcKaro
(679), BeJiBKO-MOpascKaro (871), nojbCKaro (OK. 870), Bearep-
pyccKaro (862),
CKaro (895), ^emcKaro (912), H npBnaxie xpacxiancxsa 6ojirapaMH (864) n Mopa-
BaMH H oxiacm qexaMH (865),noiaKaMH (966), pyccKHMH (988) H senrpaMH (1000). Ila-
jeeienepBaro BojrapCKaro itapcxsa (1018). IIo^HeeHie Xopsaxiii seHrpaMi. (HOJ).
OcHOBaHie Bxoporo BoirapCKaro ijapcxsa (1186). Passpo6jieHie Ha y^tJiH PycH
(1054) H IloibniH (1139). MoHrojbCKoe nro BX Poccia (12361480). SaBoeBame
l
Cep6ia (1389) n BojrapiH (1393) xypKaMH. BpeMeHHMJi coe^HHeHia ) Bearpin,
H nojbraH (1301 1526). CoeflimeHie IIOJBIIIH ex J!HXBOK> (1386).
l
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