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ББК Ш 12= Ч32.1*9я72-3
Л13

Л авреню к М. В.
Л 13 П росты е и эфф ективны е способы запоминания анг­
лийских слов.— Донецк: О О О «А гентство М ультипресс»:
2006,— 288 с.
[БВЫ 966-519-041-5

К нига представляет наиболее употребительную лексику

английского язы ка, необходимую для общ ения в официальной
сфере и в быту.
Все предложенные английские слова снабжены русскими
эквивалентами, что позволяет читателю сфокусировать вним а­
ние на объяснении с элементами толкования на английском
язы ке, развить память и облегчить воспроизведение конкрет­
ного слова.
Для ш ирокого круга читателей, заинтересованных в расш и­
рении словарного запаса.

Книга подає найбільш уживану лексику англійської мови,

необхідну для спілкування в офіційній сфері та в побуті.
Усі запропоновані англійські слова мають російські еквіва­
ленти, що дозволяє читачеві сфокусувати увагу на поясненні з
елементами тлумачення англійською мовою, розвинути паміять і
полегшити відтвореня конкретного слова.
Для широкого кола читачів, зацікавлених у розширенні слов­
никового запасу.

ББК Ш 12= Ч32.1*9я72-3

ISBN 966-519-041-5 © ООО «Агентство Мультипресс», 2005

 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

П редлагаемая вниманию читателей кни га построена

и форме англо-русско-английского толкового словаря.
Основная ее з а д а ч а — представить наиболее употреби­
тельную лексику английского язы ка, необходимую для
элементарного общения с окружаю щ ими в официальной
обстановке и в быту, для поним ания простых текстов
мри чтении, прослушивании радио- и телепередач. В кн и ­
гу не вош ли стилистически просторечные, ж аргонные
)1 узкоспециальные слова.
При отборе слов помимо частотности и актуальности
ныражаемого словом понятия учиты валась ш ирота се­
мантических связей слова (способность слова вступать
м сочетание с другими словами, возможность образова­
ния от данного слова других слов).
Книга содержит примерно 2000 слов, отвечающих вы ­
ш еизложенным требованиям. Рассчитана на читателей,
имеющих базовый (ш кольный) уровень знаний английс­
кого язы ка. Предназначена для индивидуальных само­
стоятельных занятий в удобное для читателя время.
Запоминание английских слов связано с умением ис­
пользовать новую информацию в контексте с уж е имею­
щ имися знаниям и, обрабатывать ее до уровня доступ­
ности и легкого*усвоения.
По словам известного психолога профессора К арла
( 'иш ора, «средниц человек использует не более 10%
мрожденных возможностей своей пам яти, а остальные
00 % растрачивает впустую, поскольку наруш ает есте-
<тменные законы запоминания».
Что ж е это за естественные законы? Их всего три. На
них опирается любая так назы ваем ая «мнемотехника»
4 Предисловие |

(mnemonic — помогающий запоминанию). Это — впе­

чатление, повторение и ассоциация.
Первое условие запоминания — получить полноцен­
ное, яркое и устойчивое впечатление о том, что хочется
удержать в памяти. А для этого надо сосредоточиться.
Развивайте свое умение концентрироваться на той рабо­
те, которой вы заняты в данный момент.
Существует большое количество методик развития
внимательности и сосредоточенности человеческого моз­
га (например, Гарри Алдер. Техника развития интеллек­
та.— СПб.: Питер, 2001; Майкл Микалко. Тренинг ин­
теллекта.— СПб.: Питер, 2001 и др.). Но хотелось бы
обратить ваше внимание на «Упрощенную методику со­
хранения здоровья пальцевыми упражнениями» Цуцу-
ми Йосиро (Москва: Анфас, 1991).
В последнее время явление «выживание людей пре­
клонного возраста из ума» стало принимать социальный
характер. Теперь не только среди пожилых людей, но
даже среди молодых служащих встречаются такие, кто
хотя еще не «выжил из ума», но страдает подобными
симптомами. Эта проблема, по-видимому, присуща все­
му нашему сложному человеческому обществу, и нельзя
утверждать, что эти люди виноваты в происходящем с
ними исключительно сами.
Под «выживанием из ума» подразумевается ослабле­
ние мозговой деятельности, а именно: внимательности,
сосредоточенности, памяти. Вызывает эти симптомы в
основном нарушение мозгового кровообращения.
В мозге человека лобные доли связаны с умением пра­
вильно разбираться в делах будущего времени, затылоч­
ные доли — прошлого времени, а височные — настоя­
щего. Нарушение кровообращения в висках, например,
влечет за собой ослабление способности правильно раз-
 I Предисловие • 5

пирпться в текущих делах. Здоровые люди, когда у них

ЦПII нляются неприятные ощущения в височной облас­
ти , часто начинают непроизвольно раскачивать головой,
что улучшает кровообращение. Если человек по какой-
иибо причине этого не делает (или просто не догадыва­
ется это делать), то у него ослабляется рассудительность.
Для бизнесменов, живущих настоящим временем,
нарушение рассудительности, внимательности, прони­
цательности и памяти может стоить состояния. Методи­
ки сохранения здоровья пальцевыми упражнениями на­
правлена на улучшение памяти, сосредоточенности и
ми имания. Достигается это за счет движений пальцами
и раздражения активных точек на руках, связанных с
мозгом.

Упражнение 1.
Для улучшения памяти (рис.1). С усилием прижи­
мают друг к другу кончики большого и указательного
пальцев, выгибая при этом последнюю фалангу указа­
тельного пальца в наружную сторону. Это же движение
делают также для большого и среднего, большого и бе-

Рис. 1. Для улучшения памяти

6 • Предисловие |

зымянного пальцев, большого пальца и мизинца (каж ­

дой рукой 20 раз).
Затем кончиком большого пальца по очереди сильно
надавливают на основания остальных пальцев этой же
руки (для каждой руки 20 раз).

Упражнение 2.
Д л я повышения внимательности (рис.2). Кончики
распрямленных и собранных пальцев правой руки при­
ставляют к основанию мизинца левой руки, которая при
этом должна быть несильно сжата в кулак. Затем, на­
оборот, сжимают в кулак пальцы правой руки и пристав­
ляют к основанию мизинца правой руки кончики рас­
прямленных среднего и безымянного пальцев левой ру­
ки. Повторяют эти движения попеременно и как можно
быстрее (по 10 раз для каждой руки). Не забывайте де­
лать выдох через рот при каждой смене рук.

Рис. 2. Д ля повышения внимательности

Упражнение 3. Д л я снят ия усталости. Сидя в удоб­

ной позе расслабиться.
 | Предисловие 7

Глубокий вдох через нос, выдох через рот. Большим

ни т.цем находят активную точку в середине ладони
(риг. 3) и нажимают на нее 15-20 раз, соблюдая дыха­
ние, Меняют руки.

Рис. 3. Д ля снятия усталости

Упражнение 4. Д л я концентрации внимания^ рис. 4).

<Собирают пальцы в кулак и, делая выдох, сжимают ку­
пи к с усилием.

Рис. 4. Д ля концентрации внимания

8 П редисловие |
Второе условие запоминания — повторение. При за­
поминании английских слов нужно учитывать особен­
ности собственного сознания и осмысленно повторять
новые слова, увязывая их с уже имеющейся в мозгу ин­
формацией. Чисто механическая зубрежка бесполезна,
потому что тот, кто твердит материал до тех пор, пока
не вызубрит, тратит вдвое больше времени и сил, чем
нужно, для достижения того же результата при повто­
рении с разумными перерывами. Эта особенность голов­
ного мозга обусловлена двумя факторами:
во-первых, в перерывах между повторением подсоз­
нание продолжает закреплять ассоциации;
во-вторых, мозг, решая задачу с перерывами, не пе­
ренапрягается от постоянной нагрузки.
Сэр Ричард Бартон, переводчик «Тысячи и одной но­
ч и », в совершенстве владел двадцатью семью языками,
но, по его словам, никогда не занимался языком более
15 минут кряду, «поскольку потом мозг утрачивает све­
жесть».

Третье условие запоминания — умение осмыслить и

создать четкую ассоциацию новому слову. Секрет хоро­
шей памяти заключается в формировании разнообраз­
ных и многочисленных ассоциаций с тем словом, кото­
рое надо запомнить. И тот, кто лучш е осмысляет свои
впечатления и устанавливает связи, обладает лучшей
памятью.
Как же упростить запоминание английских слов?
Психологи советуют:
1. Включите чувства, т. е. все то, с помощью чего вы
получаете информацию об окружающем вас мире: гла­
за, уши, нос, руки, сердце, эмоции.
2. Отбирайте новые слова по принципу:
нужно/не нужно;
 I Предисловие 9

важно/не важно;
интересно/нет;
пригодится/пригодится ли?
8. Отобрав слова, закодируйте их на длительное за­
поминание, а использовать можно:
словесное кодирование (конкретное, абстрактное,
абсурдное);
образное/зрительное кодирование (ассоциация с
рисунком, пейзажем, картиной);
двигательное кодирование.
4. Д ля лучшего запоминания записывайте новые сло­
на н индивидуальном стиле (образная запись), с восста­
навливающими подсказками.
5. Связывайте воссозданные вами образы в единый
рассказ (сказку, бы ль из вашей жизни, невероятные
приключения типа «Если бы я...», фантастический мно­
госерийный фильм о вас как о супергерое, увлекатель­
ный роман с продолжением и пр.).
6. Располагайте нужные вам слова в воображаемых
( хорошо знакомых вам) местах с целью совершения мыс­
ленной «прогулки» и освежения информации с помощью
пти х мест.
7. «Нанизывайте» образы для запоминания на «стер­
жень» вашей жизни: ваше хобби, идеи-фикс, знакомое
I- детства стихотворение типа «Наша Таня громко пла­
чет...», считалки, как вы в детстве играли в жмурки...

От советов психологов можно перейти к конкретной

работе с книгой. Просмотрите ее. Слова собраны в алфа-
ми гном порядке по темам. Каждое слово переведено на
русский язык, а затем дан ряд синонимов, среди кото­
рых хоть одно слово будет вам знакомо. Вот от этого уже
можно будет оттолкнуться, чтобы начать строить ассоци-
10 Предисловие Д

ативный ряд к этому слову. Некоторые слова разделены

вертикальными линиями — это разделение слов на пре­
фиксы, корни, суффиксы. Вот еще один путь увеличения
вашего словарного запаса. Некоторые слова проиллюст­
рировал художник. Постарайтесь мысленно заглянуть за
рамки рисунка, включите свое воображение...
Этим вы поможете своему подсознанию «увекове­
чить» новое слово. После всех слов с синонимами пред­
лагаем просмотреть список слов-интернационализмов,
слов-омофонов (одинаковых по звучанию слов) в конце
книги. Они чем-то похожи на русские слова, только пи­
шутся по-английски. Прочитайте их вслух, уловите схо­
жесть в звучании, переведите. Отложите книгу до сле­
дующего дня. После перерыва снова просмотрите список,
и вы убедитесь, что ваша память работает! Похвалите
себя. Просмотрите слова с синонимами и убедитесь, что
вы что-то запомнили. Это ваша заслуга и победа над са­
мим собой. Так держать!
Во время усиленной мысленной деятельности над
подобным материалом очень часто устают глаза.
Для восстановления зрения прежде всего необходи­
мо дать глазам отдохнуть. Для этого полезно приложить
к ним холодное полотенце.
Усталость глаз вызывается утомлением окологлазных
мышц. Восточная медицина считает, что около глаз схо­
дятся управляющие деятельностью внутренних органов
меридианы с активными точками, поэтому скопление ус­
талости в глазах не может не сказаться на общем состоя­
нии организма. Воспользуйтесь предложенными ниже
упражнениями для снятия усталости глаз.

Упражнение 1 (рис. 5).

Непринужденно закрывают глаза, снимают напряже­
ние с плеч и в удобном положении отдыхают в течение
 | Предисловие 11

I минуты. При этом слегка нажимают на внутренние

у солки глаз подушечками большого и указательного
им м.цев руки (6 раз).

Упражнение 2 (рис. 6).

11а указанные точки слегка нажимают подушечками
указательного и среднего пальцев, двигая ими по кругу
II мин).

Рис. 5. Слегка нажимают на внут- Рис. 6. Точки воздействия

........ ие уголки глаз подушечками около глаз
Пши.шого и указательного паль-
ц«ч| руки

Упражнение 3 (рис. 7).

Вытягивают правую руку вперед на уровень глаз, ста­
мит большой палец вертикально и пристально смотрят
ни него в течение 10 секунд. Затем, оставляя большой
Мплец в том же положении, постепенно отводят правую
руку вправо. Важно при этом, не поворачивая голову,
следить за кончиком большого пальца до тех пор, пока
пн не исчезнет из виду. После этого возвращают взгляд
■ исходное положение и делают то же самое левой ру­
ке Iй . Упражнение повторяют по 2 раза для каждой руки.
12 П редисловие Д

Рис. 7. Отводят руку в сторону, следя глазами за кончиком

большого пальца

Потом его выполняют, отводя руки вверх и вниз. А в

конце делают как правой, так и левой рукой круговые
движения.
По окончании упражнения прищуривают, а затем
быстро открывают глаза.

Упражнение 4 (рис. 8).

Массируют руку начиная с кончика мизинца и закан­
чивая локтем.

Рис. 8. Массируют руку, начиная с указанной точки

 I Предисловие 13

(Упражнение 5 (рис. 9).

('кладывают руки так, чтобы соприкасались поду­
шечками большие пальцы и мизинцы (остальные паль­
цы должны быть согнуты), слегка прижимают руки друг
н другу и тем самым выгибают мизинцы (30 раз).

Рис. 9. Слегка прижимают руки одну к другой,

выгибая мизинцы

Ваш навык общения на английском языке должен пе-

рийти в умение, которое останется с вами навсегда, ко­
торое за плечами не носить, а в голове держать.
Ежедневно просматривайте любой английский текст
( течение 1 0 -1 5 минут. Это так называемый прием
lihint reading (чтение про себя с целью получения ин­
формации).
Вы можете просматривать один и тот же текст в тече­
ние нескольких дней до тех пор, пока у вас не появится
»мелание адаптировать его и попытаться без словаря со­
рти нить более легкий вариант, который вы и расскаже­
те однажды спокойно и правильно.
14 П редисловие Д

Самоусовершенствуйтесь в запоминании английских

слов.
Помните, что английский освоит тот, кто ежедневно
работает над ним без выходных и праздничных дней!
 bald [bo:ld] — лысый — brow [brau] — бровь —
wll.liout hair or fur eyebrow, the forehead; the
rounded top of a hill
bare [be^] — без покры-
тин, голый — uncovered; charm [tja:m] — шарм,
linked; empty; without de­ очарование, чары — a soft­
fin itio n ly or gently pleasing quali­
ty; an incarnation; a protec­
beard ['biati] — борода — tion against danger or evil
lit* hair that grows on the
cheek [tji:k] — щека —
wer part o f men’s faces
the soft fleshy part o f the
to blush [ЫлЭД — крас- face between the eye and the
i. — to become red from mouth
и/жиге, shame, modesty;
chin [tjin ] — подборо­
feel shame
док — the part o f the face
In boast [banist] — хвас- below the lower lip
i. — many words about curl [кэч1] — закручи­
urself with proper pride вать, крутить — to form in­
bonny ['boni] — краси- to curls, to move in spirals;
It, миловидный — heal- curly — кудрявый
V looking; fresh and att- devote [diW ut] — посвя­
etlve щать — to dedicate, to give
16 Appearance Л
wholly; to make a gift for a
particular use; to be bound
by strong affection
dignity ['digniti] — досто­
инство, звание — worth,
excellence; nobility o f man­
ner or bearing
ear [i^ ] — yx o — the
organ of hearing in men and
animals
elbow ['elbani] — ло­
коть — the joint connecting
the forearm and upper arm; finger — палец —
the point formed at this j oint a terminal digit of the hand;
when the arm is bent something shaped like or as
embarrass [im'baera-s] — thin as a finger; the part of
смущ ать, стеснять — to a glove into which a finger
cause to feel awkward, shy is inserted
or ashamed; to make things
footprint, footstep [ futp-
difficult and complicated;
rint], [ futstep] — след, отпе­
to involve in debt
чаток ноги — a mark made
eye [ai] — глаз — an by the foot
organ of sight; the power of forehead ['forid] — лоб —
seeing; a thing like an eye
the upper part o f the face
face [feis] — лицо — the above the eyebrows where
fron t part o f the head; a the hair begins to grow
grimace, a mask generosity [d3^n^'rositi]
feature ['fi:tjV] — черта — — щедрость, великодушие
the distinctive part or — giving freely, not stingy,
characteristic of a thing; a the quality of being noble-
part of the face minded, plentiful
PI Appearance
ц1нпсе [gla:ns] — взгля-
Шуть — to look briefly; to
to gleam
gloom [§lu:m] — уны-
мрак — melancholy;
|iiw mood; semidarkness,
shadow
hair [he^] — волосы —
■ivoring of the human head
(И miimal body; a threadlike
Kfowth on plants
liand [haend] — рука
(кисть) — the part of the
human body from the wrist
|u the fingertips; skill, abi­
lit y to do something
handsome ['heensarn] —
■рясивый — (of men) good­
will »king; (of women) beauti-
H air
17
f ul in a way which commands
admiration; (of animals) well­
shaped and good to look at;
impressive, pleasing; gra­
cious
head [hed] — голова —
the top part of the human
body or foremost part of an
animal body; the leading
person in an institution; the
brain as man’ s thought
centre; the most effective
part of a tool
hide (hid, hidden) [haid],
[hid], ['hidh] — прятать,
скрывать — to put or keep
something out of sight; to
block the view o f something
humour ['hjuim^] —
юмор, настроение — some­
thing which arouses laugh­
ter, amusement; the ability
for reacting and expressing
understanding; a mood, fra­
me o f mind
idle [aidl] — ленивый;
бездельник — not working;
unwilling to work, lazy
innocence ['ina'sns] — не­
винность, простота — free
from sin, guilt; a kind-hear-
18
ted person, sim ply-m inded
person
irritatio n [^ ri'te ijn ] —
раздражение — being im ­
p atiently angry, annoy; ma­
k in g sore or uncom fortable
je alo u s ['c^ela^s] — ing; to lick one’ s lips — to
ревнивый, п о д озр и тель­
ный — a state o f fea r, sus­
picion or envy caused by a
real or im agined th reat or
challange to one’s instincts
keen [ki:n] — острый,
резкий, проницательны й
— sharp, cu ttin g; acute,
intensive, enthusiastic
lazy ['leizi] — ленивы й
— no wish to work, lack o f
desire to do som ething
le g [leg] — нога — one o f
the parts o f the body sup­
Appearance |
p ortin g a human or animal
body and used in w alking,
running, jum ping
lip [lip] — губа — one o f
the tw o parts o f a mouth;
the edge o f a ca vity, open­
show great anticipation
look [luk] — смотреть;
в ы глядеть — make an e f ­
fo r t to see; to pay attention;
to d irect the eyes in a par­
ticu lar direction and m ani­
fest surprise, wonder
merit [ merit] — досто­
инство — the qu ality; the
goodness or badness o f some­
th in g; spiritual credit
mettle [ metl] — темпе­
рамент, характер — spirit,
courage or fortitu d e
mild [ maild] — мягкий,
неж ны й — g e n tle , m ode­
rate, not severe or extrem e;
not h avin g a strong taste
Modest [ imdist] — скром­
ный — reasonable, aware o f
one’ s lim itations; avoiding
pretension or display
mouth [mau0] — рот — a
cavity in the head containing
 I Appearance
Min li'cth, the tongue, palate
§|til bounded by the lips
n w k [nek] — шея — that
jint I which joins the head to
ш body; the narrowest part
f d l l object
nim b le[ nimbi] — ш уст­
рый lig h t and quick in
§^nl Ion; alert; gu ick-w itted
ионе [nsruz] — h o c — the
t ' l i i l prominence above the
nil III o f man; a sense o f
IH'II; a forw ard or project-
K p iir t
l»lait [plaet] — коса — a
tltfth o f hair, straw , rib-
|li riinsisting o f three in-
f lined strands
19
pleasant [ pleznt] — при­
ятный — good-humoured,
pleasing, agreeable
pretty { priti] — хоро­
шенький — pleasing to see
or hear; excellent, fine, good
razor [ reiz^] — бритва
— an insrum ent fo r shav­
in g hair fro m the skin
ready [ redi] — готовый
— in a state f i t fo r quick im ­
m ediate action ; quick and
easy
reckless [ reklis] — безрас­
судный, опрометчивый —
w ild ly careless; in d ifferen t
to danger
rectitude [ rektitju:d] —
честность, прямота — mo­
ral in te g rity , uprightness,
honesty
redden [ redn] — крас­
неть — to become red, flu ­
shed; to make red
reliable [ri lai^bl] — на­
дежный — able to be relied
on, to place one’ s com plete
confidence in and make no
altern ative provision
20 Appearance Ц

resemblance [n zemblans] saucy [ sdisi] — дерзкий,

— сходство — sim ilarity; нахальный — smart, gaily
the state, fact or quality of stylish; impudent
resembling, likeness
se lf — само, - себя
resp on sibility [ris^onsa^
self-centred [ selfsenta-dj
biliti] — ответственность —
— эгоистичный — seeing
the state or quality o f being
oneself as the centre o f a
responsible, answerable for
situation
something
-conceit [ selfks4i si:t] —
reverence [ revarans] —
самомнение — the quality
почтение, благоговение,
o f having too hign opinion
реверанс — the condition
o f oneself
or state o f being revered; a
bow or curtsy -conscious [ self konJVs]
— застенчивый — shy; em­
ruthless [ ru:01is] — без­
barrassed at the thought
жалостный — pitiless, mer­
one is m aking a poor im ­
ciless
pression
sad [s£ed] — печальный
-contained [ selfkan teind]
— depressed in spirits; show­
ing sorrow; unhappy — замкнутый — complete
in its e lf; not o ffe r in g or
sa ga city [sa^ "gaesiti] — dependent on contact with
смекалка — the quality of others
being keen, qu ickw itted;
native intelligence, shrewd­ -control [ selfkari traiil] —
ness самообладание — the abil­
ity to prevent oneself from
sa rd o n ic [sa: donik] —
expressing strong emotion
сардонический, язвитель­
or acting impulsively
ный — expressing b itte r­
ness or ironic mockery un­ -defence [ selfdi fens] —
der laughter самооборона — defending
 ApfU'arance
Иім>'м life, property or re-
ЬН Ion
love [ self Lw] — себя-
■PV — love o f oneself;
(inг concern for one’ s own
II luting
і ollant [ selfri lai34it] —
Iм и ||ы й в с е б е — con-
piit in one’ s own abili-
, hit ving power o f judge-
it
i i'Npect [ selfns pekt] —
iTito с о б с т в е н н о г о д о с ­
ій nm — the proper es-
ii In which one holds
♦<ІГ
willed [ selfwild] — с в о ­
д н ы й — determined to
I I w іme’ s own wishes only
MtuiHible [ sensibl] — pa-
11 і.ій — showing good
; being practical, rea-
1(1«
V»! [Sew] — б р и т ь с я —
itve hair with a razor;
I down close to the skin
n razor; to cut o ff in thin
; to cut very closely
I |ai] — з а с т е н ч и в ы й
ні I у frightened, timid,
і tig a lack o f courage
21
sincere [sm sia*] — искре­
ний — honest, true; without
falseness
slim [slim] — изящный
— slender [ slenda^] — thin,
small in size, amount, ex­
tent or degree; attractive
and graceful
sly [slai] — хитрый, л у ­
кавый — able to trick or
deceive; showing or charac­
terized by cleverness, craft­
iness, shrewdness
sm art [smart] — 1) изящ­
ный, элегантный — clever
or intelligent, bright; sty­
lish, fashionable; 2) испы­
тывать жгучую боль — to
fe e l sharp s tin gin g pain;
hurt or distress
sm ile [small] — улыбка,
улыбаться — an expression
of the face formed by the lips
to show happiness, amu­
sement; sympathy, etc.
stubborn [ sUbari] — уп­
рямый — hard to overcome
or deal with; not givin g in
to argument or reason
ta ll [toil] — высокий —
more than average height;
22 Appearance |

toe [ten] — палец ноги

— any of the fiv e end parts
of the foot; the part of sto
eking, shoe, etc. that covers
the toes
tongue [U q] — язык —
a movable organ attached to
the floor of the mouth, used
fo r tasting, swallowing,
speaking; a spoken lang
uage, dialect
tooth (teeth) [tu:0], [ti:0]
— зуб, зубы — one of the
hard bone like processes set
in the jaws
not short or low; unusually
unkind [лп kaind] — злой,
large in amount or degree
недобрый — cruel; angry,
thick [0ik] — толстый — not kind
not thin; very noticeable, virtue [ va^tju:] — добро­
heavy; mentally dull, stupid детель; сила, действен-
thin [0in] — тонкий —
not thick; not plump or fat,
lean; easily seen through;
not dense
tidy [taidi] — опрятный;
убирать — clean and neat,
well-organized; quite large;
considerable
timid [ timid] — робкий
— shy, showing lack of cou­
rage, self-confidence
I Appearance 23

1 «ть moral excellence, close one eye and then at

im Iiiuhs;any good quality once open it; a signal; to
trait of character; the blink, to hint
WtH' or strength to pro-
wrinkle [ riqkl] — мор­
i I' effects
щина, морщиниться — a
voice [vois] — голос —
fold in a flexible surface; a
j§ Bound uttered from the
fold in the skin as a mark of
liwi 11 mouth in speaking
age; to produce wrinkles
Mlnging; expression, rep­
enting wrist [rist] — запястье —
wink [wiqk] — моргать, the joint between the hand
i ить, подмигивать — to and the arm
 aw ake |Vweik] — б у ­
дить; to stop sleeping; to
wake up; to realize; to make
somebody understand
boy [boi] — мальчик —
a male child; a son o f any
age
bride [braid] — невеста
— a woman on her wedding
day; a newly married wo­
man
bridegroom ['braidgrum]
— жених — a man on his
wedding day
brother ['ЬгАбэ*] — брат
— a son in his relationship
to another child of the same
parents
child, children [tfaild],
['tjildr^n] — ребенок, дети;
a boy or a girl at any age bet­
ween infancy and teenage
close [kla-us] — близкий
— near; intim ate; nearly
alike; compactly, tightly
concord [ka-n'ksid] — со­
гласие — a state of agree
ment or harmony; a treaty
or agreement
couple ['клр1] — пара —
a pair; partners in a dance;
an engaged or married pair
cousin [клгп] — кузина,
кузен — any distant rela­
tive
cradle ['kreidl] — колы­
бель — a small bed for a
baby; a place where some­
thing begins
 I'umily 25

darling ['da:liq] — доро-

tt, милый — a beloved
гипп; loved dearly; lov-

•laughter ['doita^] — дочь

и I’emale human being in
InMon to her parents
iloll [dol] — кукла — a
, a miniature human fi-
ro; a pretty empty-hea-
I woman
oinbrace [im'breis] — об­
мить, -ся — to put one’ s
iiih lovin gly around; to forever [f^'reva^] — на­
lidpt gladly; to clasp or всегда — without a break,
Id in the arms; to take in eternally, up to the end of
Mi understanding days

I’umily ['fiaemili] — семья friend ['frend] — друг —

• group consisting o f pa-
its and their children; a
up of people closely rela-
l>y blood
lather [Тлбэ^] — отец —
male parent; an origina-
; the oldest member of an
titution or community
fellow ['fela-u] — при-
ль, парень — a friend,
companion, associate; a
Nil o f whom one speaks
someone who freely sup­
ports and helps out o f good
will, a person who gives f i ­
nancial help over a period of
years
generation [^en^'reijVn]
— поколение — the whole
body of persons thought of
as bein g born about the
same time; a period o f time
roughly corresponding to
the age of parents when their
children are born
26
give [giv] — давать — to
put into someone’ s hands;
to offe r as a present; to o f­
fer as sponsor; to produce,
to show, to supply
have [hasv] — иметь —
have got; to hold in the hand;
to be in a specified personal
relationship to; to contain;
to accept; to take; to recei­
ve; to understand suddenly;
to be under an obligation or
n ecessity as regard s; to
know; to trick, cheat
help [help] — помощь,
помогать — to be useful
and effective to somebody;
to make easier; to prevent;
to serve food at a meal; to
join and contribute to the
performance or finishing of
a task
Fam ily ||
heritage ['heritid3 ] — на
следство, наследие — what
has been or can be inherited
after a parent’ s death
honest ['onist] — чест
ный — sincere, truthful;
obtained by fa ir means
husband ['hAzb^nd] —
муж — the male partner in
a marriage
ill-bred ['il'bred] — пло­
хо воспитанный — a lack
o f good manners, rude or
showing rudeness
infant ['infant] — дет­
ский — childish, without
comprehension and thought;

here [hia^j — здесь — in

this place, at this or at that
moment in tim e, action,
thought; which is present

heredity [hi'rediti] — на­

следственность — the trans­
mission o f qualities from
parent to offspring (a son or
a daughter) Infant
 Family
H thinking about future
ivi'iits; unable to conclude
Inseparable [in'sep^rafbl]
неразлучный, неотде­
лимый — can’ t be divided,
||h< whole thing; no parts or
[jlh’ces; people devoted in
ft Irtidship
Just [d3 Asl] — справедли­
вый; только что — obeying
Lflirrently accepted ethical
n w e ; legally valid; deser­
v ' d , merited; accurate; ve-
(®y recently; exactly, direct-
Г, ii short time ago
kin [k in ] — род, род-
Ртненники — fa m ily, re-
dives, clan
kind [kaind] — добрый,
ш имательный; сорт, по-
K in
27
рода — helpful, sympathe­
tic, frien dly; gentle, plea­
sant; a group or division of
persons or things
kiss [ki:s] — целовать,
поцелуй — to press or touch
with the lips as an expres­
sion of passion, affection or
respect
like [laik] — нравиться;
похожий; союз «к а к » —
resembling each other,
identical, equal, faithful to
the original; the same; to
find pleasing, attractive; to
be fond of; to choose in a
spirit o f self-congratula-
tion
little ['litl] — м ален ь­
кий, незначительный —
small in size; young; short,
brief; trivial; operating on
a small scale
maid [meid], maiden
[ meidn] — девица (н еза­
мужняя) — a girl, unmar­
ried, virgin ; a female do­
mestic servant
m aintain [men tein] —
поддерживать — to declare
to be true, valid; to defend
28 Fam ily I

mother [ тлдэ1] — мать

— a fem ale parent; some­
thing regarded as a source;
a woman in a position of
authority
name [neim] — имя; на­
зываться — a word by which
a person or thing is known

n a tive [ neitiv] — род­

M arriage
ной, близкий — one o f the
original inhabitants o f the
country; a person born in a
the truth, validity; to pro­ given place, country
vide for the needs of; to sup­
port nephew [ nevju], [ nefju:]
— a son o f a person’s bro­
m arriag e [ mæridg] — ther or sister
брак, свадьба — the in-
stitutoin under which a man niece [ni:s] — племянни­
and a woman become legally ца — a daughter o f a per­
united; the wedding cere­ son’ s brother or sister
mony
marry [ maeri] — женить­
ся — to join two people in
marriage; to join closely or
match; to enter into mar­
riage
minor [main^] — мень-
ший, младший — less in
importance, size; not hav­
ing reached the fu ll legal
age M inor
 I Family
nourish [ плп]-] — пи­
и т , , лелеять — to supply
with food; to keep alive in
lint mind; to remember in
thoughts
obedient [гг biidj^nt],
I<i.v bi:di34it] — послушный
№subm itting one’ s w ill;
Hot resisting, diligent
o ffsp rin g [ o:fspriq] —
потомок, отпрыск — a child
Or children
old |>uld] — старый —
not new, advanced in years;
experienced; former
orphan [ oifa-n] — сиро­
ти — a child whose parents
ire dead
parents [ pearants] — po-
тели — someones who
ive birth to offspring
patience [ peiJVns] —
рпение — the capacity to
lit up with troubles, pain,
fficu lties without comp-
nt or ill temper; the abi-
ty to wait or preserve wi-
out losing heart or becom-
g bored
regard [n ga:d] — уваже-
ние — consideration; es­
29
teem; sympathetic concern;
attention
regret [ri gret] — сожале­
ние, раскаяние — the emo­
tion arising from a wish that
some matter or situation
could be different from what
it is; an expression o f this
emotion
relation [ri leijn] — род­
ственные отношения — a
relative by birth or m arri­
age, relationship by blood
or marriage, the way in
which one thing is associ­
ated with another
remorse [ri mo:s] — у г ­
рызения совести — the emo­
tion associated with painful
recollection o f something
one would prefer not to have
done or said because it hurts
others
reproach [ri pranitj] —
укор, упрек — reproof, re­
buke; to tell someone that
he has acted wrongly when
nobody has expected him to
do so
several [ sevra4] — не­
сколько — more than two
30
but not many; a small num­
ber o f persons and things
sister [ sista^] — сестра —
a daughter in her relation­
ship to another child of the
same parents
sour [ saua^] — кислый
— having an acid taste as
lemon; unpleasant; irrita t­
ed, bad-tempered
testament [ testament] —
завещание — a w ill, the
last will
trust [trASt] — доверять
— to rely upon, to believe;
to fe el sure o f; to expect
with confidence
twin [twin] — близнец,
двойник — one of two child­
ren born at the same birth
Twins
Fam ily |
uncle [ Aqkl] — дядя —
the brother of a person’ s fa ­
ther or mother; the husband
o f a person’ s aunt
unlike [ лп laik] — непо
хож ий, не такой — d i f ­
ferent from; not typical of;
not the same or equal
unmarried [ лп maerid] —
неженатый; незамужняя
— not married
widow [ wida-u] — вдова
— a woman who has not
married again a fter her
husband’ s death; to make
into a widow — овдоветь
w id o w e r [ widoua1] —
вдовец — a man who has
not married again after his
w ife ’ s death
w ife [w aif] — жена —
the female partner in a mar­
riage
woman [ wuman] —
women [ wi:min] — женщи­
на — an adult female hu­
man being; female sex
 accident ['aeksid^nt] — ние — quarantee of truth;
учай, случайность, не- certainly; surely; promise,
стный случай; — catas- convincing reason to rely on
phes: railroad accidents,
to as/sure (V jW ] — за­
r crash; — chance: W e
верять, гарантировать —
wt by accident
to make certain; to tell as a
acid ['assid] — кислый — certain fact; to insure; to
jiving a sour, sharp taste make safe
Ike a lemon; having the
to attend |>'tend] — по­
haracteristics of acid, ex:
сещать, заниматься — to
acid remark, an acid face
be present at...; to go re ­
a/like [V laik ] — noxo- g u la rly to...; to v is it and
ий, подобный; такой же; treat (as nurse, doctor); to
the same manner; simi-
; like each other
ambulance ['asmbjula'ns]
скорая помощь; сравни-
: ambulatory, амбулатор-
e лечение

as/sur/ance [a'-'juaraiis]
страхование, заверше­
32
accompany; to pay atten­
tion to...
back [baek] — спина;
тыльная сторона — the
hinder part o f the body; the
less im p ortan t side; op ­
posite the front; the distant
part; a defensive position
bad (worse, the worst)
[b£Cd, W04S, W34St] — плохой
— defective, not good, mis­
fortune
bandage [ЪагпсМз] — по­
вязка, бинт, бандаж
bind [baind] — свя зы ­
вать — to tie up, to bandage,
to fasten together, to connect
to bite [bait] — кусать —
to cut with teeth; to da­
mage; to have a tendency to
make attacks in this way
bleed [bli:d] — кровото­
чить — to lose, to draw
blood; to extort money
blind [blaind] — слепой
— without sight; without
seeing objects or facts
blood [bUd] — кровь —
a fluid circulating throug'-
hout the body
Health Service W
_______________ H
bone [Ьэтдп] — кость —
one of the hard parts of the
skeleton
breath [bre0] — ды ха­
ние, дуновение; respira­
tion; a slight movement of
air; a slight pause, a m o­
ment; to draw in air and send
it out from the lungs; to blow
gently
to breathe [bri:5] — ды­
шать — to take into the
lungs; to make naturally
evident; to live; to recover
bruise [bru:z] — синяк,
кровоподтек — a surface
injury to the body caused by
a fall or blow
can [kaen] — 1) мочь —
модальный глагол — to be
able to do smth; 2) жестя­
ная банка — a tinplated
 I Health Service 33

letitainer in which food pro- cough [kofj — кашель,

rttmU are preserved кашлять — a sudden forced
cancer ['kæns^] — рак —
expulsion o f air from the
* northern group of stars in lungs, the noise made by this
Hip нку; a sort of crab; ill- air
Ирин, disease crazy ['kreizi] — сумас­
complain [kaWplein] — шедший — foolish; un­
Жаловаться — to express sound; full of defects; very
dlwHatisfaction, to express enthusiastic, in love with
|ntin or distress c ry [krai] — плакать;
complicate ['komplikeit] кричать — to call out, to
p усложнять, запутывать; shout; to weep, to utter an
lit make difficult or confu- animal’ s call
|9(I ; to make complex; diffi- cure ['kju^] — лечить —
i> IL to understand
h
a course o f treatm ent; to
conclusion [ka-n'klu^n], restore to health; to treat
— заключе­
J k ,v n 'k lu :3 3 4 i]
danger t'deind3^] —
нии; the end or last part; a
опасность — an act leading
■Httlement or arrangement
n i' t in agreement; a reasoned
judgement; the summary or
flylJiNhot of an argument
[ confidence ['konfida-ns]
p доверие, конфиденци-
вмыюсть; a state of trust;
Mllftnce, a feeling of hope;
H fe c r e t
conscience [’konJVns] —
Щтииние — knowledge of
нни'н own acts as right or
pHing

М()(н гме и эффективные ... англ. слов

34
to harm, loss o f life etc.
Stop in danger!
dead [ded] — мертвый —
having no life ; not alive;
having no fe elin g , m ove­
ment or activity; not in play
or in operation
deaf [def] — глухой —
without sense o f hearing;
unwilling to listen; unwil­
ling to understand
death [de0] — смерть —
the end o f life; the state of
being dead; an end, destruc­
tion, dying
definite ['definit] — опре­
деленный, точный — clear;
limiting; exact, certain
depend [di'pend] — зави­
сеть — to rely for support;
to rely trustfully; to count;
to be contingent
disappear ^dis^'pia-],
['disa^'pi^] — исчезать — to
be lost, to vanish, not to be
visible
disease [d i'zi:z] — б о ­
лезнь — an unhealthy con­
dition; an illness; being sick;
a particular malady
H ealth Service |
dissolve [di'zolv] — pa
створять, расторгать; to
put an end to; to disperse;
to pass into solution; to fade
gradually
distinct [dis'tiqkt] — от
четливы й — clear, d e fi
nite; separate, individual;
marked
distress [dis'tres] — rope,
бедствие — considerable
mental or physial discom
fort or pain; financial hard
ship; a being in great d iffi
culty or danger
disturb [dis'ta^b] — бес
покоить, нарушать — to
worry, to move out of place;
to bother; to upset the peace
of
dizzy ['dizi] — головокру­
жительный — mentally
confused; sick, a little bit
out of mind
doubt [daut] — сомнение
— hesitation; a feelin g of
uncertainty; being unsure
drop [drop] — капля — a
very small amount of liquid
in a round or pear-shaped
form clinging or falling to
a surface
 I Health Service
drug [с1глд] — лекарст­
во; наркотик — a substance
timid as medicine; a chemi-
■til substance used to alter
I ho state o f the body or the
iti Iiid; a narcotic substance
dumb [dAm] — немой —
unable to speak, mute;
without the use of words,
«mindless; unwilling to
ipeak
emergency [i'm^:d 3 ^nsi]
-* крайность, критичес­
кое положение — a dange­
rous situation which arises
■nddenly and calls for promt
nction; an immediate need
endure [in'dju^] — тер­
петь — to suffer patiently;
to tolerate; to bear, stand;
о remain set in purpose; to
old out under suffering
enough [ iW f ] — доста-
очный — as much as is
reded; sufficiently, quite
much as is needed; fairly,
lerably; as mush as one
nil put up with or manage;
о more
en/trust [in'trASt] — вве­
рить, поручать — to give
35
fo r safekeeping; to g ive a
task or duty
evidence ['evrdaris] — оче­
видность, доказательство,
свидетель — inform ation
given by a witness; anything
that provides information on
which a conclusion or proof
may be based
exhaust [ig'zoist] — исто­
щать, исчерпать — to use
up completely, come to the
end; to empty; to destroy; to
discuss completely
expect [iks'pekt] — ждать,
надеяться — to hope for, to
think likely; to require some­
one to do something
expire [iks'paia^] — вы­
дыхать — to breathe out; to
come to an end
external [eks'ta^n^l] —
наружный, внешний — on
the outside o f the body;
what lies outside the mind
fa il [fe il] — не доста­
вать, не хватать — to omit
or forget to do something
required; to become exhaus­
ted, to give out; to crash
36 H ealth Service |

financially; to be unsucces­ headache ['hedeik] — ro

sful; to abandon suddenly ловная боль — a usually
persistent pain in the head;
fault [fo:lt] — вина — a
a boring/vexing problem
mistake, a failure
health [tielS] — здоро
feel [fi:l], felt [fe lt] —
вье — the state o f fitness of
чувствовать — to become
the body or of the mind
aware through the senses;
to experience; to sense hear [hiar] — сльїшать —
to be aware of somebody’ s
fever ['fliva1] — лихорад­
words or sounds; to attend,
ка — human body tempe­
v is it; to receive inform a
rature above the normal; a
tion or news; to be informed
disease causing such high
temperature; a high state of heart [ha:t] — сердце —
excitement, agitation the organ; the central part
of something the most im ­
fold [fanild] —- склады ­ portant part; man’ s em o­
вать, сгибать — to cause tion, the deepest feelings; a
one part o f something to lie state o f mind or feelings
on another; to reduce into a
small space; to clasp the hurt [h^:t] — повредить,
hands together in a relaxed причинить боль — to do
way
hard [ha:d] — суровый,
твердый; тяжелый — d if­
ficult to cut, crack or crash;
not easy to do; oppressive;
unkind; energetic and per­
sistent; unfavourable
hardy ['ha:di] — отваж­
ный — strong, robust;
H ear
brave,corageous
 I Health Service
hn nil, to cause b od ily or
timutal pain to somebody; to
damage
»1 [il] — больной — not
well, sick; in bad health, in
poor health
illness ['ilnis] — болезнь
► a particular disease, the
•lute o f being ill, in poor
llpnlth
immediate [I'miidja't] —
»»посредственный, пря-
— without an interval;
ct; the closest
inanimate [in'aenimit] —
душевленный; скучный
having no organic life,
ow ing no sign of having
f<>; boring
infirm [in' fa^m] — сла-
й, немощный — physi-
lly weak; m orally weak;
poor health, sick, not well
inject [in'd3 ekt] — впрыс-
нать, вводить — to force
fluid into a body; to intro-
e a new quality into a
n or thing
insanitary [in'saemtOTi] —
мтисанитарный — ve ry
37
dirty, conducting to disease;
not healthy, very bad
insecure [^nsi'kjua-] — не­
надежный, небезопасный
— not safe, safeless; without
proper care; careless
insensibility [in, sensa-
'biliti] — равнодушие, чер­
ствость — indifference; not
feeling; unconsciousness
insomnia [in'somni^] —
бессонница — one is un­
able/can’ t fall asleep; a per­
sistent inability to sleep
instant ['instant] — не­
медленный; мгновенный
— urgent, im m ediate; in
soluble form; done at once,
at a short period o f time
insurance [m'Jua'rans] —
страхование — the practice
by which an individual se­
cures financial compensa­
tion fo r a loss or damage;
the protection
interrogate [in'ter^geit]
— спрашивать, допраши­
вать — to ask, to investi­
gate, to inquire; to make an
38
interrogation, to put a plays an im portant role in
question
jaw [d3 D:] — челюсть —
a part of the mouth; the
parts of a tool; a place of
danger
jot [dgot] — малое коли­
чество, йота — a very small
amount; a quick w ritten
note; a brief note or memo­
randum
kill [kil] — убивать — to
destroy life; to stop dead in
life ; to be shocked; do not
exist
knee [ni:] — колено —
the area surrounding the
knee jo in t in a man; some­
th in g re sem b lin g a b en t
knee
left [left] — левый — on
the side of the body where
the heart is situated
life [laif] — жизнь — the
period of time from birth
to the present; a specified
period or aspect of one’s
existence; a fresh sta rt or
opportunity
liver ['liva*] — печень —
a large vascular organ that
Health Service
digestion, creates particle:,
of blood, etc.
lose [lu:z] — терять — to
become unable to find ; to
get rid of; to fail to win; to
decrease in; to su ffer loss,
to be defeated
lung [1лд] — легкое -
one of the pair of spongy
sacklike organs that oxyge
nate the blood
moan [т э ч т ] — стон -
a low, long sound express
ing pain or grief; complain,
distress, dissatisfaction
necessary [ nesa'sam], [ nc
sisari] — необходимый —
th at m ust be, essential;
unavoidable, in the nature
of things
necessity [na^ sesiti], [ni
sesiti] — необходимость —
som ething th at is in need;
the quality of being nece­
ssary
nerve [n^:v] — нерв —
any of the cordlike fibers of
neural tissue th at connects
the nervous system with
other organs of the body
В Health Service
n o t h i n g [ ПЛ0ІГ)] — н и ч -
fe not anything at all; for
Hi і mason; no less than; not
In ішу way; total insignifi-
f -ІЦІСЄ
num b [п л т ] — онеме­
лы й — lacking the ability
|ft feel any em otion (as a
fPHiilt of shock, fatigue)
[ плгі] — нюхать,
n u z z le
(опить нос, прижаться —
|о make pushing movements
W ith the nose against; to
ri’HS the nose against some-
h ln g
o b l i g a t o r y [ з Ь І ід з Ч з г і] —
янательный, обязываю-
|ий — which must be done;
•111 ired by authority; being
(I obligation
o rd in a ry [ o :d n r i ] ,
MI — обычный, зауряд-
й — usual; not exceptio-
1, normal, trivial
o v e rlo o k luk] — не
метить, просмотреть —
full to see, do not notice,
decide not to punish
pain [pern] — боль — an
upleasant feeling or sense;
d ig ressin g emotion
39
p a s s i v e [ paesiv] — пас­
сивный — acted upon by
someone or something else;
inert; offering no resistance;
lacking in itiative
p i l l [pd] — пилюля, таб­
летка — a small ball or
pellet of m edicine usually
coated w ith su g ar; som e­
thing unpleasant that must
be taken
p r e v e n t [pri vent] — пред­
отвращать — to come be­
fore; to cause not to do or not
to happen; not to be made or
done
p ro lo n g [ргэчйэд], [pra^bq]
— продлить — to make lon­
ger, to extend; to draw out
[ kworaritkn]
q u a ra n tin e
[ o :d i- — карантин — a period of
isolation
[ kwinzi] — анги­
q u in sy
на — a very sore throat; an
abscess of th e areas s u r­
rounding the tonsils
r a s h [raej-] — стр ем и ­
тельный — made or done
hurriedly, hastily without
considering the possible
risk
40
reason f ri:zn] — причи­
на, основание — the ab ility
to think logically, to under­
stand; sound th in king
recover [ri клуэ^] — 1)
вернуть себе — to get back;
to possess again 2) выздоро­
веть — to return to normal
health a fte r illness; to be on
the mend
relapse [n lasps] — повто­
рение, рецидив — a rep eti­
tion o f some illness, crim e
or heresy; com ing back to
som ething
rely [ri lai] — доверять —
to depend absolutely; to
believe com pletely; to place
one’ s complete confidence in
restful [ restful] — успо­
коительн ы й — h avin g s
calm ing e ffe c t; enabling a
person to rest his body or
mind
restless [ restlis] — бес­
покой н ы й , н еугом он н ы й
— in continual m otion, con­
s ta n tly c h a n g in g ; a g it a ­
ted ly m oving about
rid [rid] — избавлять —
to fr e e o f s o m eth in g u n ­
H ealth Service I
welcom e; to get rid o f = in
ge t free from = to do away
w ith
rinse [rins] — полоска
ние — to wash w ell in clear
water; a solution for the hair,
throat
sacrifice [ saskra'fais] —
ж ертвоп ринош ение —
th a n k sgivin g fo r the saki>
o f another person
saint [sein t] — святой —
a soul gone to heaven
sake [seik] — ради — fo r
the b en efit o f; fo r the pur
pose o f
sane [sein] — здравомы
с л я щ и й , н о р м а льн ы й —
norm al, safe and sound;
sensible
save [seiv] — спасать;
экономить — to keep alive,
free, safe or in good condi­
tion; to economize, to reser­
ve fo r fu tu re use
sca re [skea-J — и с п уг,
пугать — to become afraid;
to arouse fea r in somebody;
a widespread alarm, panic
 Health Service 41

несиге [si Щиа-] — без-

И исны й, спокойный —
m pletely safe; sure, cer-
; fix e d firm ly

H elf-sa crifice [s e lf ssekri-

i sj — сам опож ертвова-
ие — action in ten ded to
nefit o th ers or done to
lie’ s own disadvantage
sense [sens] — чувство
- any o f the b o d ily f a c i­
lities (hearing, sight, smell,
„.“ Hte or touch) by which an
rganism becomes aware o f
ts surroundings
shiver [ fiva] — 1) дрожь,
тр епет — to tr e m b le ; to
Hliake w ith cold or fear;
2) разбить вдребезги — to
break in to fragm en ts or
M ina.ll pieces
shoulder [ jyulda*] — п ле­
чо — the jo in t connecting
‘ ‘ie arm w ith the upper part
id the body; the p art o f a
lothing coverin g the shoul-
le r
sick [sik] — больной —
III, unhealthy; s u ffe rin g
from some disease, having
Imd h ealth ; sh ow in g sick ­
ness
Sick
sigh [sai] — вздох — a
long, deep breathing sound
sight [salt] — зрение,
взгляд; вид — the pow er o f
seein g; v isio n ; som ethin g
seen, view ; personal ju d ge­
ment, regard
skin [skin] — кожа — the
outer coverin g o f a human
or animal body
sleep [sli:p] — спать — a
natural condition o f rest
usually at n igh t
slight [slait] — слабый,
хрупкий, легкий — small in
quantity, degree or strength;
slen d er o r th in ; o f sm all
importance
sneeze [sni:z] — чихать
— to d rive or force one’ s
42
breath out through the nose
and mouth in a sudden,
violent way
snore [sna:] — храпеть
— to make harsh or noisy
sounds in sleep through the
mouth and nose
soap [saup] — мыло — a
substance used for washing
and cleaning
sore [so:] — болезнен­
ный — painful or sensitive
to the touch; feeling physi­
cal pain; annoying; any
source o f pain
spare [spea^] — 1) обере­
гать — to show mercy to; to
leave unhurt; to save from
pain or trouble; 2) свобод­
ный — extra, free, held in
reserve
stolid [ stolid] — тупой;
вялый, флегматичный —
impassive; not easily moved;
showing no emotion
stomach [ sUmak] — же­
лудок — a digestive cavity;
abdomen; belly
suffer [ sAfer] — страдать
— to have or be subject to
H ealth Service |
pain, sorrow or distress; to
undergo loss or damage
suggest [s a fe s t] — пред
латать — to propose; to offer
for consideration or action;
to express indirectly, to hint
survive [sa1 vaiv] — вы
жить, пережить — to out­
live; to live longer than; to
continue to live or remain
active
tear [tea^] (tore, torn)
[to:], [torn] — рвать; цара­
пать — to pull apart into
pieces; to wound by tearing;
to divide into pieces; слеза
— a drop o f salty fluid that
flows from the eye
thrill [9ril] — нервная
дрожь, трепет — an excit­
ing feeling or sensation; to
tremble, quiver
touch [ Utf] — касаться,
дотрагиваться — to bring a
hand on or against; to come
into contact with; to con­
cern; to partake; to be in con­
tact
tremble [ trembl] — дро­
жать — to shake as with
 I Health Service
Hold; to be filled with fear,
liurvousness
trouble [ ЪлЫ] — непри­
ятность, беда, беспокой-
птво — d iffic u lty , danger
or distress; something that
Causes a problem; extra work
o r e ffo rt
undergo [,And^ дэч1] —
двергаться — to pass
irough; to endure; to expe-
ience
uneasy [л п i:zi] — неудоб-
ый, встревоженный —
rried, anxious; restless;
wkward, embarrassed
unfit [ лп fit] — непод­
ходящий — not suited to
43
some purpose; not qu a li­
fied; in poor condition, un­
healthy
unhealthy [лп helGi] —
нездоровый — sick; ill; not
in good health; harmful to
a person’ s morals
unsafe [ лп seif] — нена­
дежный — not safe '
unsanitary [ лп sasnitOTi]
— негигиеничный — not
clean or sanitary
urgency [ 3^:d3^nsi] —
крайняя необходимость —
must be done immediately;
c o m p ellin g, p ressin g;
insistent, earnest
vein [vein] — вена — one
o f the vessels that carry
blood in the body
vision [vi 3 n] — зрение;
видение — the act or power
o f seeing; the ability to plan
ahead; fo r s ig h t; m ental
image
weak [wi:k] — слабый —
h a vin g lit t le physical
strength; lacking force; low
in intensity; lacking logical
force
44
to weep [wi:p] — плакать
— to shed tears; to cry; to
b rin g to a specified condi­
tion by w eeping
w obble [ wobl] — 1) ш а­
таться; 2) дрож ать, к о л е ­
баться; 3) шаткий — to
m ove unsteadily from side
to side; to shake; to be un­
steady on its or one’ s legs;
to trem ble
w orry [ wah] — беспоко­
иться — to trouble; to feel
a n x io u s , tr o u b le d ; to be
excited
H ealth Service |
wound [wu:nd] — ранить,
рана — an in ju r y as the
result o f violence; an injury
to the feelin gs
X -rays [ eks reiz] — рент
геновские лучи — a method
o f determining crystal struc­
ture; an electrom agnetic ra
diation; a photograph made
by exposure to X-rays
yaw n [join] — зевать —
to breathe in deeply, lettin g
the mouth open wide because
o f sleepiness, weariness or
boredom
 Ac/count/ant/ [гг'каип-
l.tflt] — бухгалтер — a person
•»killed in keeping accounts;
■ Someone w ho exam ines or
Inspects the accounts o f a
poinpany
bak er ['beik^] — пекарь
*- a professional bread-
limker
blacksmith ['blaeksmiG] —
|сузнец — a man who works
Ith iron and fir e
body-gu ard ['bodiga:d] —
ЦЧ'лохранитель — a man or
roup o f men gu ardin g the
|nfety o f another
business ['biznis] — дєло,
Йннятие — o n e ’ s re g u la r
em ploym ent, profession ,
occupation; personal a ffa ir
busy ['b iz i] — заняты й
— engaged in work, having
much to do; fu ll o f a c tiv ity
calculate ['kaelkjuleit] —
считать, вы считы вать —
to make a calculation;
to w ork out m athem atical
processes to fig u r e out in
one’ s head
c a rp e n te r ['kaipint^] —
п лотн и к — a workm an in
wood, a person who makes
the wooden fram es o f a
house, ship, etc
coc [kuk] — повар — a
person who can make break­
fast, dinner and supper fo r
other people
collaborate [k ^'laeb areit]
— сотрудничать — to work
46 Profession

together; to assist one from the ground; to make

another oneself fam iliar with »
subject; to find out by
colleague ['koli:g] — к ол­
research
лега — a fellow worker; a
partner dismiss [dis'mis] — от
пускать, увольнять — to
communicative [ka-'mju:-
send aw ay, to discharge
nik^tiv] — общительный,
from employment, office;
разговорчивый — informa­
to refuse to listen to; tell to
tive, w illin g to talk in fo r­
go
m atively
doctor ['docta] — врач
concern [kWsa^n] —
a person who can treat people
иметь отношение, касать­
and help them
ся — to be interested in; to
take part in; to have as a driver [ 'draiva] — води
subject; to involve тель, инженер — a man
who can drive a car and use
construct [ka^n'strAkt] — it as transport
строить, создавать — to put
togeher, to build; to arrange
mentally, to combine

deal [di:l] — иметь дело

— to distribute; to engage
in buying and sellin g; to
have business relations

desire [di'zaia^] — желание

— strong wish, request; to
want something very much

dig [dig] — копать — to

break up or turn soil with a
spade; to excavate; to remove Doctor
 | Profession
н а г а [> :n ] — зарабаты-
IJii с ь — to get a payment for
||Nirk or services; to deserve
|iy merit; to bring in some
tliO ( >me from investment
e m b r o id e r [im'broid^] —
нмшивать, приукрашать
в * to ornament with needle­
w o r k ; to add to a story de­
mit I Is that are interesting or
I f и tiny but not true
[im'pbi] — нани­
e m p lo y
мать, использовать — to
nun, to make use of; to
i squire the work of; to keep
liusy; to pay a person for
Ity o rk
e n g i n e e r [ e i ^ i ' n i a 1] —
инженер, механик — an
■ jlx p e rt in the design and
■ construction of engines; an
■|xp ert in organization of
■ p lvil works; a person quali-
I flrd in any branch of
■engineering
e n t e r p r is e ['enta'praiz] —
К предприятие — a venture
K n llin g fo r determination,
■ e n e r g y and in itia tive; the
■flliaracter needed fo r such a
■ venture; a commercial or
47
industrial undertaking, sub­
division
experience [iks'piaTiaTis]
— опыт, испытание — the
knowledge or feeling obtain­
ed through direct impres­
sions; the skill gained by
practice or life
factory ['fieektan] — фаб­
рика — a building where
goods are manufactured
farm [fa:m] — ферма, хо­
зяйство — an area o f land
used for cultivation or animal
breeding under individual
or collective management
fly [flai] — лететь — to
m ove th rough the a ir by
means of wings, jets, propel­
lers; to travel by air; to float
or wave in the air; to run
away; to tran sp ort in an
aircraf
flyer fflais] — летчик
fgrocer ['granisa^] — тор­
говец бакалейными това­
рами — a seller o f common
household goods (tea, coffe,
canned food, soap, matches,
etc.)
48
guard [ga:d] — стража,
охрана — watch, control; a
keeping watch against surp­
rise attack or th e ft
guide [gaid] — гид, про­
во д н и к — a p ers o n w ho
shows the w ay; a book o f
in form ation ; an adviser
inexperienced [^iniks pia-
ria^nst] — н еоп ы т н ы й —
w ithout practice, lacking
som e s k ills ; unable to do
w ithout practical work
inferior [in'fiana^] — под­
чиненный — o f low er rank
or status; o f poor quality.
interpret [in'ta^prit] —
переводить — to translate,
to explain the meaning; to
express one’ s conception; to
act as a lin gu istic in te r­
preter
interpreter [in'ta^prit^] —
переводчик — a person who
knows a fo r e ig n language
and can translate
jester ['d 3 esta\| — ш ут,
ш утник — a p rofession al
joke-maker; an object which
gives both lau gh ter and
contempt
Profession }
job [d3ob] — работ;і.
служ ба — a specific piece
o f work done fo r pay; an
occu pation as a source of
liv in g ; a d iff ic u lt task; n
public o ffic e turned to
p riva te advantage
judge [d3Ad3] — судить;
судья — to apply the law to
a qu estion to a r riv e to an
opinion; a c iv il law office:
o f the highest rank; any
person appointed to settle 11
dispute or a com petition
lead [li:d] — вести, руко
водить — to show the way;
to force to go; to direct,
supervise; to conduct; to be
m oving at the head; to hold
firs t place; to make the first
play
main [mein] — главный
— the most important, chief,
principal
major [ meids^] — боль
ш ий; старш ий — grea ter
in im p o rta n c e , s ize than
som ething else
make [meik] — делать —
to b rin g into being; to p er­
form an action; to arrange;
 | Profession 49

to establish; to add up to; to

turn out to be; to earn
money; to produce; m ake­
up — макияж — cosmetics;
Hie art o f applying cosme­
tics; the w ay in which the
parts o f som ething are put
together

manage [ maemdj] — у п ­
равлять — to have control
over; to be able to cope w ith
Nurse
the s itu a tio n ; to m anipu­
late; to handle
ow ner [ ггипгг] — с о б ­
m anager [ тагп^зэ] —
ственник — a possessor
управляю щ ий — a leader
in a company pilot [pailat] — 1) пилот,
летч и к ; 2) лоцм ан, р у л е ­
merchant [ ma'rtja-nt] —
вой; 3 ) проводник
купец — a person who
directs a large-scale trade plumber [ р1лтз^] — во­
e s p e c ia lly w ith a fo r e ig n д оп роводчи к, п а я ль щ и к
country; a reta iler — a skilled worker who fits,
repairs and maintains pipes,
nurse [na^s] — медсест­
bathroom fixtu res, cisterns
ра, няня — a woman trained
to care fo r the sick or the pretender [pri tenda^] —
infirm under the direction o f претендент, притворщ ик
n doctor; a woman employed — someone who pretends,
to look a fter young children states falsely

overwork [ a^uva w^:k] — quick [kwik] — быстрый

п ереутом ляться — to e x ­ -ly — бы стро [ k w ikli] —
haust with too much work; to fa s t-m o v in g ; ra p id ; h u r­
work too hard, excessively ried; liv e ly , im pulsively
50
quiet [ kwaia't] — сп о­
койный, тихий — peace­
ful, undisturbed; noiseless
quit [kwit] — оставлять,
бросать работу — to get rid
of; to leave; to free
ranger [ reind3 ^] — кон­
ный полицейский — an
officer who patrols a public
forest or park
recipient [ri Sipi34lt] —
получатель — someone who
receives
rem ove [ri mu:v] — 1)
удалять; 2) переезжать —
to move from a place; to
change one’ s place of resi­
dence; to dismiss from office
or to transfer to another
post; to transfer from one
dwelling to another
remuneration [r^mjuin^
reijn] — вознаграждение —
the money or gift received
by a person; compensation
fo r expenditure o f tim e,
trouble or money
resign [n zain] — уходить
в отставку — to be retired;
to leave an occupation by
Profession I
one’ s own volition; to stop
activity
resignation [,rezig neijVn]
— отставка — a formal let­
ter, notice; the act of resign­
ing; retirement
retire [ri tai&] — уда­
ляться, отходить назад —
to give up active participa­
tion in a business; to draw
back; to seek privacy; resign­
ing
revenue [ revinju:] — до­
ход — the annual or perio­
dic incom e, return from
investments, property, etc.
reward [ri wD:d] — воз­
награждение — something
given or promised in recog­
nition of service
ride [raid] — езда, ехать
верхом — to sit in a car,
train and be carried along;
to sit on and be carried
along by a horse or other
animal — while controlling
its movements
safeguard [ seifga:d] — ох­
рана — protection; defence
sailor [ seil^] — моряк
— a man professionally
 I Profession
trained in the operating of
a ship or member of a ship’ s
crew below the rank of
officer
salary [ saelari] — жало­
ванье, зарплата — a fixed
regular payment made to
nonmanual workers
scientist [ saia-ntist] —
ученый — a specialist in
science t and without using force
scribe [skraib] — писец,
переписчик — a person
skilled in handwriting; a
professional copyist or clerk
sm uggler [ smAgla'] —
контрабандист — a person
51
who takes part in smuggl­
ing
soldier [ S3uld3^] — сол­
дат — a person who serves
in an army; a brave, skilled
or experienced warrior
spy [spai] — шпион — a
person who watches others
secretly or gathers secret
information about others
teacher [ 'ti:tja] — учи­
тель — a person who gives
knowledge to peoples/stu­
dents *
tenant [ tenant] — арен­
датор — a person who pays
rent to occupy or use the
property of another; an occu­
pant or inhabitant
thief [0i:f] — thieves [Oirvz]
— вор, воры — a person who
steals, especially secretly
typist [ taipist] — ма­
шинистка, наборщик — a
person who types
unemployed [ л ш т ploid]
— безработный — jobless,
out of work
52
unskilled [ лп skild] —
необученный, неквалифи­
цированный — lacking
training, experience, prac­
tice
wage [\ve1 d3 ] — зарпла­
та — money received by
nonprofessional workers in
the form of a weekly pay­
ment of an agreed sum
waiter [ weit^] — офици­
Profession I
ант — a man employed to
serve food or drink; one who
waits on tables in a restau
rant
work [wa:k] — работа —
physical or mental activity
undertaken to achieve a
purpose
w r a n g le r [ rasqgla^] —
спорщик — a person who
argues, quarrels noisily
 apartament [Vpa.'tma-nt]; bench [bent]-] — скамей­
set o f rooms on one floor; ка — a long wooden or stone
separate residence; a flat seat fo r two or more people
attic ['aetik] — чердак — bucket ['bAkit] — ведро
room under the ro o f of a — a container fo r holding
ouse water, milk; a pail
barn [ba:n] — сарай — a
build [bild] — строить —
arm building fo r keeping
to construct, to make some­
y, farm instruments,
thing
ain or for housing animals
basket ['ba:skit] — Кор­ cage [keid3 ] — клетка —
ина an airy container fo r keep­
ing birds
bath [ba:0] — ванна, ку-
ние — a container with
ater to clean oneself or
ash; the process of clean-
g the body in a bath
bed [bed] — кровать — a
ece of furniture for sleep-
ng in or resting on
below [bi'lsru] — под,
ниже, вниз — under, in a
wer place; lower than
54
call [ko:l] — звать, зво­
нить — to say loudly in
order to get attention; to
speak to by telephone; to
bring under discussion; to
give a personal name to shout
or exclaim; to pay a visit
carpet ['ka:pit] — ковер —
a heavy fabric made o f wool,
silk, nylon used as a cover­
ing for floors
cat [kaet] — кошка — a
domestic animal
ceiling ['snliq] — пото­
лок — the upper inner sur­
face o f a room; an upper li­
mit of capacity or ability
chair [tjea-j — стул — a
seat with four legs and a
backrest for one person; the
House
position o f a professor in u
university (кафедра)
chimney ['tfimni] — тру
ба — an enclosed vertical
channel fo r carrying away
the smoke from a fire
clock [kbk] — часы — a
mechanism fo r measuring
and indicating time; a time
clock
convenience [kan'viinjaris |
— удобство, выгода — ad
vantage; any useful appli­
ance; something com fort
able
cosy ['kanizi] — уютный
— nicely relaxing, comfort
able; (about people) easy to
get on with
creak [kri:k] — скрип,
скрипеть — a harsh sound
made by a loose floorboard
or layers o f dry leather rub­
bing together
curtain t'ka^tn] — зана­
веска, штора — a hanging
cloth used in a theatre stage
or decorate windows
cushion ['kuJVn] — ди­
ванная подушка — a small
 Щ House
pillow, a cloth case stuffed
with feather, foam, rubber
p ic.; for sitting on or lean­
in g against
disguise [dis'gaiz] — мас­
кировать, скрывать — to
change the normal appear-
nnee; to hide, to conceal
i<lentity; to alter appearance
disorder [dis'o:d^], [di'zo:-
Idtt] — бесп орядок, рас­
стройство; a state o f confu-
|Kion, untidiness; lawless-
Iness; violation o f public
order
domestic fda^'mestik] —
домашний — belonging to
the home or house; relating
to fam ily affairs; tame, not
Wild; not foreign
55
dorm itory ['do:mitri] —
общежитие — a hostel; a
sleeping place; a communal
sleeping room with a num­
ber o f beds
downstairs ['daun'ste^z]
— вниз по лестнице — to a
lower floor, to the ground-
floor
dust [dASt] — пы ль —
minute particles o f mineral
or plant material, lying on
the ground or on the sur­
faces of things, or flyin g in
the atmosphere
d w ell [d w e l] — ж ить,
обитать — to live, to inha­
bit; to occupy
en tran ce ['entrains] —
вход — a door; the act of
coming or going in; the act
o f starting, being admitted;
a fee paid fo r the right to be
admitted
exit ['eksit] — выход —
a way out; a stage direction
for an actor to go o ff
ex terio r [eks'tiari^] —
внешний — outer, visible
from the outside; a back-
group or scene film ed out­
doors
56
fence [fens] — забор, из­
городь — a railing of wood,
wire to mark a boundary bet­
ween a street and a private
territory or neighbours
fla t [flaet] — квартира;
плоский — an apartment;
a set of rooms on one floor;
broad, smooth plain, un­
broken by depressions or
projections
floor [fb :] — пол, этаж
— the lower horizontal sur­
face of a room on which one
stands; a structure dividing
a building horizontally into
storeys
from [from], [frara] — из,
от, с — indicating outward
movement or distance in re­
lation to a point in space or
time
fron t [frAnt] — фасад,
передняя сторона — the
most forward part of a thing;
the most advanced position;
the scene o f a p articu lar
activity; a face of a building
fu rn itu re ['fa^nrtj^] —
мебель — movable articles
put in a room to make it de­
H ou se I
corative; accessories and
equipment
garbage ['ga:bid3 ] — му
cop, отбросы — rubbish,
kitchen waste; inacurate or
unsuitable data in compute r
garden ['ga:dn] — сад —
a piece of ground where f lo
wers, fru it and vegetable arc-
grown, usually near a house ;
a region o f great beauty
gate [geit] — ворота — a
wooden or metal barrier
which can be opened and
shut, entrance
h a ll [ho:l] — зал — a
large room used fo r meet­
ings or social occasions; a
connecting passage or corri­
dor between rooms; a place
where people meet for social
or recreative purposes
hang [hæq] — висеть,
вешать — to be suspended;
to await a decision; to fall in
folds or in an elegant loose
fit; to suffer death by being
suspended by the neck
home [Ьзчип] — дом —
the private livin g place o f a
family; the place, city where
 I House
one was born; the place
where something originat­
ed, developed
house [haus] — дом, зда­
ние — a building fo r a per-
ноп or fam ily to live in; the
audience in a theatre; a resi­
dence, dwelling
indoor ['indo:] — комнат­
ный, внутри помещения
— inside a house or a build-
ing
indoors ['indo:z] — внут­
ри дома, в помещении —
into a building
inhabit [in'haebit] — насе­
лять — to live in, to dwell,
to stay for long time
* 57
inn [in] — гостиница,
постоялый двор — a small
hotel, a tavern, a dwelling
for a night
inside [in'said] — внутри
— in or into inner part of
something; at or toward the
inner side of
interior [in'tia-ri^] —
внутренний, интерьер —
re la tin g or placed at the
inner part o f something; do­
mestic affairs of the country
in te rn a l [in'ta^n^l] —
внутренний — interior, in­
side; inside the body in ­
volving the mind, soul, con­
science
key [ki:] — ключ, клави­
ша — an instrum ent fo r
lock in g and u n lock in g a
lock; a slotted instrument
fo r opening cans, bottles;
something which affords or
prohibits entrance
kitchen ['kitjin] — кухня
— the part o f a house where
food is prepared
live [liv ] — жить, оби­
тать — to have life; to main­
tain life; to flourish, remain
58 * H ou se
in people’ s memory; to con­
duct or pass one’ s life in a
certain manner; to realize
one’ s potential; to reside, to
dwell, to pass, to spend
lobby flob i] — п р и хо­
жая, кулуары, вестибюль
— a corridor, an entrance
hall, vestibule, waiting
room; the part o f a legis­
lative building to which the
public has access to meet
with legislators
lock [tak] — локон, за­
мок — a fastening device on
doors for security; a curl of
hair as it naturally grows on
the head
lodger [lbd33t] — жилец,
квартирант — someone who
occupies a rented room in
another person’ s house
log [log] — бревно — a
long and heavy piece o f the
trunk or a branch of a tree;
a shorter segment used for
fuel
m ansion [ maenjVn] —
большой особняк — a very
large, imposing house
mirror [ mira] — зерка­
ло, отражать — a polished
I
surface which reflects light;
to make a true portrait or
representation
mop [тэр ] — швабра —
an implement for washing
or polishing floors
near [ш ?] — около —
not far, at a short distance
neat [ni:t] — чистый, on
рятный — clean and tidy;
well made, well propor­
tioned
neighbour [ neib^] — со­
сед — a person living next
door or relatively close to
another; to be situated near
to, adjoin
orchard [ oitja^l] — сад —
a garden, a stretch of land
with cultivated fruit trees
pail [peil] — ведро — an
open container with arched
handle at the top used for
carrying liquids
pet [pet] — любимец, ба­
ловень — som eone who
treated as a favourite; a tame
animal kept as a companion
or for fun and affectionate­
ly cared for
 I H ouse 59

rake [reik] — грабли —

an agricultural instrument
for collecting, gathering,
cleaning smoothing, etc
r o o f [ru:f] — кры ш а,
кров — the structure that
covers the top o f a building;
a home or house affording
shelter and hospitality

P a il room [rum] — комната

— a sf>ace within a building
enclosed by its walls, ceil­
pillow [ ріізчі] — подуш­
ing and floor
ка — a cushion stuffed with
feathers, foam rubber or rubbish [ глЫ|] — хлам
other soft material; a rest — waste material, refuse;
and support for the neck and garbage; nonsense
head
rug [глд] — 1) ковер.— a
plinth [plin0] — плинтус mat o f thick wool used to
— the base o f a wall which cover a floor; 2) плед — a
projects just above ground thick blanket used as a bed
level covering or for wrapping
puppy [ рлрі] — щенок
— a young dog
rail [reil] — перила, пе­
рекладина, рельс — a ho­
rizontal bar of wood or metal;
railroad (а м ер .) — желез­
ная дорога — the organiza­
tion concerned with runn­
ing a regional system of rail­
roads; railway (б р и т .) Puppy
60
around the knees when tra­
velling
rural [ maral] — сельс­
кий, деревенский — re­
lating to or characteristic of
a village
seesaw [ si:so:] — детские
качели — a plank balanced
in the centre; a back-and-
forth or up-and-down move­
ment; to rise and fall alter­
nately
sheet [fi:t] — простыня,
лист бумаги, полоса — а
large piece of cotton used as
a bed covering; a single piece
o f paper; any broad thin
stripe of something
shelter [ Jelta^] — убежи­
ще — something that covers
Seesaw
H ou se ]
and protects from weather,
danger, attack; refuge
shutter [ jAta^] — ставень
— a movable panel or screen
for a door or window; a de
vice that opens and closes
the lens opening of a camera
sill [sil] — подоконник
— the part across the bot­
tom of a window or a door;
a horizontal beam that for­
ms the foundation o f a stru­
cture
slam [slaem] — хлопать
дверью — to shut a door
with a loud noise; to strike
or move noisily
stair [stea^] — ступенька
— a flight o f steps for pass­
ing from one level or floor
to another
storey [ stori] — этаж,
ярус — one o f the horizon­
tal divisions o f a building;
a set o f rooms on the same
floor or level
swab [swob] — швабра —
a mob used on ships to clean
decks and other surfaces
sweep [swi:p] (swept)
[swept] 1) мести; уничто-
 I House
Sweep
жать — to clear or clean
with a broom, brush, etc.;
to move or pass along with
a swift movement
towel [ tausrl ] — полотен­
це — a piece o f absorbent
material used for wiping or
drying
upstairs [ лр stea^z] —
вверх по лестнице — to ­
ward the top o f a staircase;
to an upper floor; the upper
floor
wake (woke, woken)
[weik], [wanik], [wa'uken] —
просыпаться, пробуждать­
ся — to become conscious
after sleep; to pay attention
61
again; to become imaginati­
vely aware o f something
wall [wo:l] — стена — a
vertical structure built to
enclose, support, divide,
protect; a barrier
wash [woj] — мыть (ся),
стирать — to cleanse with
soap and water; to make
something clean with soap
and water; to remove dirt
from clothes
watch [wot]"] — 1) часы
— a small clock worn on the
wrist or carried in a pocket;
2) следить, смотреть, под­
стерегать, сторожить — to
observe; to be a spectator
at; to look after; to take a
professional privatfij inte­
rest in something
62 H ou se I

window [ winda^u] — ок­ yard [ja:d] — двор — ;i

но — an opening in the wall
o f a room permiting light to
enter, usually fitte d with
glass in a frame o f wood or
metal
small open space completely
or partly enclosed and
adjoining to a building

wipe [waip] — вытирать

— to rub with a cloth; to
clean by rubbing; to remove
m oisture, dust from sur­
face Yard
 FO O D

bacon ['beik^n] — бекон b a rley, barm , sugar and

— pork (p ig ’ s meat) from a water
pig’ s back and sides, cured
dry or in pickle and smoked beetroot ['bi:tru:t] — крас­
ная свекла — the red/crim­
bake [beik] — печь — to son root of the beet plant
cook food in dry heat (an used as a vegetable
oven, cooker); to bake bread
berry ['beri] — ягода j —
bar [ba:] — 1) полоска, any small, juicy fru t with
кусок — a long piece of seeds; сравните: stawberry,
wood, metal used as a sup­ gooseberry, raspberry, crane-
port; 2) буфет, бар — a coun­ berry
ter over which drink and
food is served
bean [bi:n] — бобы — the
seeds of climbing plants (го­
рох, фасоль, соя); сравни­
те: coffee beans

beef [bi:f] — говядина —

the meat o f a cow, bull or ox
beer [bia^] — пиво — an
alcoholik drink, made from Beetroot
64 Food I

besides [bi'saidz] — кро- cafe ['kaefei], ['kaefi]

ме — also, in addition to, кафе — a cheap restaurant;
moreover a place providing light meals
biscuit ['biskit] — пече- or snack and some alcohol
нье — cracker, cookie cake [keik] — торт, пи
to boil [boil] — кипеть — рожное — a baked mixture
to bubble at a high tempe­ o f flour, eggs, fats, sugar
rature; to be cooked in boil­ and other sweet or fru ity
in g w ater; to heat to the ingredients
boiling point carrot ['каегэЧ] — мор
bottle ['botl] — бутьілка ковь — a vegetab le with
— a narrow — necked vessel; yellowish red root
without a handle for contain­
cheese [tji:z] — сыр — a
ing liquid
solid food made from pres
bread [bred] — хлеб sed curds o f milk
breakfast ['brekfa^st] — cherry ['tjen] — вишня —
завтрак — the firs t meal of the red fruit of the cherry-tree
the day
chew [tjju:] — жевать —
broth [bro0] — бульон, to reduce food; to pulp in the
жидкий суп — a thin soup mouth; сравн. chewing gum
made from meat stock or
chicken
bun [Ьлп] — булочка —
a small soft, slightly swee­
tened roll with raisins
butter ['bAtar] — масло —
milk fat, the fatty substance
of cream
cabbage ['kaebidj] — ка­
пуста — a plant eaten as a
vegetable
U Food
chicken ['tjikari] — цып­
ленок — the kid o f the hen,
a domestic bird
chip [tfip] — кусочек —
a small fragm ent broken or
Icut from wood, china, glass,
f stone
cook [kuk] — стряпать,
парить еду — to prepare
food by the action o f heat;
to do the work o f a cook; to
invent
crumb [кглт] — крошка
— a small fragment of bread;
a small amount
cup [клр] — чашка — a
small bowl-shaped vessel
with a handle for drinking
tea, coffee etc.
3П росты е и эффективные ... англ. слов
65
dairy [ ’deari] — м олоч­
н ы й — the part o f a farm
given over to milk, cream,
butter, cheese; a shop where
milk, butter, cheese are sold
delicious [di'lija’s] — вос­
хитительны й — g iv in g
pleasure; delightful; supurb,
perfect
dine [dain] — to have
dinner ['dina1] — обедать —
the main meal o f the day
taken at midday or in the
evening
disgust [dis'gAst] — от­
вращение, негодование —
abhorrence; strong aversion
dish [dij*] — блюдо, к у­
шанье, тарелка — a shallow
vessel fo r serving or hold­
ing food at meals; the food
served in a dish
dough [da4i] — тесто —
a mass o f slightly moisten­
ed flour sometimes with
yeast or fat added fo r mak­
ing bread, pies, rolls, buns,
etc
drink [driqk] — пить —
to swallow a liquid (tea, wa­
ter); to absorb (plants)
66

der; the ground meal o f rye.

barley or other cereals
fruit [fruit] — фрукты,
плоды — the enlarged 01
developed reproductive bod у
of a plant (fruit-trees); the
result of effort
fry [frai] — жарить — to
cook in hot fat or oil in a pa n
Dish
glass [gla:s] — стекло,
стакан; очки — a drinking
duck [Л\к] — утка — any vessel made o f glass, its
of the smallest webfooted contents; an optical device
swimming birds o f farm
goose [gu:s] — гусь, про
eat (ate, eaten) [i:t], [set],
стак — a home bird between
[*i:tn] — есть, кушать — to
a duck and swan in size; ;i
take as food; to have a meal;
silly person
to consume; to begin to use
something up grape [greip] — вино
град — a green or purple
egg [eg] — яйцо — the
egg of the domestic hen used
as food
fish [fij] — рыба — a
class o f backboned aquatic
animals; to drink like a fish
= to drink much alcohol
usually; to feel like a fish
out of water = uncom for­
table, ill at ease
flour [flausr] — мука, по­
рошок — any fine soft pow­
 Food 67

hunger [Ълддэ^] — голод

— a desire for food; a strong
wish fo r som eth in g; a
condition of physial weak-.
ness
ice [ais] лед — frozen
water
jug [d3 Ag] — кувшин —
Grapes
a vessel for holding and
pouring liquids

►berry growing in bunches, juice [d3 u:s] — сок — the

can be eaten fresh, dried, in fluid extracted from fruit
Juices, wines and vegetables
ham [haem] — окорок, keg [keg] — бочонок —
Ветчина — a whole back a small cask or barrel for
part of a pig salted or smoke- holding liquid
dried, eaten roasted, boiled
or fried kettle ['ketl] — чайник
— a large metal cQoking
hen [hen] — курица — a
female bird of the domestic
chicken
herring ['herirj] — сельдь
I— an eatable fish found in
the colder areas of the North
Atlantic, caught by traw­
lers and marketed fresh,
salted or smoked
honey [Ълш] — мед; ми­
лый, милая — a sweet fluid
made by bees, nectar; dar­
ling, a beloved person K ettle

3*
68 Food

vessel fo r boiling water;

teakettle
knife [naif] — нож — a
hand culinary tool or weapon
used for cutting, consists of
a blade fixed to a handle
lean [li:n] — тощий —
thin, having little fat;
empty, without result
liquor ['lika*] — напиток,
отвар — drink; any liquid
or juice; the water in which
something has been cooked;
a solution of a specified drug
in water
a lo a f — буханка — a drawn from a cow, a she —
portion o f bread baked in a goat, etc. for use as human
separate, shaped piece food
meal [mi:l] — еда — food napkin [ naspkin] — сал
eaten alone or in company to фетка — a cloth used at
satisfy hunger; the time of meals for wiping the fingers
taking food and lips
meat [mi:t] — мясо — the noodle [ nu:dl] — лапша
flesh o f animals used fo r — something like macaroni
food — a strip of pasta, served in
melon [ melaTi] — дыня qu an tity w ith meat or in
— the edible fru it of either soup
the muskmelon or the water­
nut [nAt] — орех — a dry
melon
one-celled fru it consisting
milk [milk] — молоко — o f a fleshy kernel enclosed
a white or yellowish liquid in a hard shell
 I Food
nutrient [ njuitria-ut] —
Питательный — nourishing;
• Hubstance serving as food
nutrition [nju trij>n] —
иитание — the process of
feeding
onion [ лгуэтп] — лук —
vegetable
orange [ Drind3 ] — апель­
син — the reddish-yellow
(flobose fru it cultivated in
tropical and subtropical
climates
pan [paen] — сковорода
a metal container used in
cooking and baking
pancake [ pasnkeik] —
блин — a thin flat cake made
of batter cooked in a pan
69
pare [pea'J — срезать,
чистить — to cut o ff the
outer surface or skin; to
reduce the bulk o f some­
thing by rem oving th ick ­
nesses or portions
pastry [ peistri] — пече­
нье — cookies, biscu its;
baked goods
pie [pai] — пирог — a
dish o f m eat, fr u it , jam
baked with a pastry crust
radish [ raedij] — редис­
ка — an annual plant, a
vegetable
raisin [ reizn] — изюм —
various kinds of grape dried
in the sun or artificially
raspberry [ raizbaT]] —
малина — a fru it bush with
small berries
raw [го:] — сырой — un­
cooked; unprocessed; un­
refined; unfinished; unex­
perienced, untrained
recipe [ resipi] — сред­
ство, рецепт — a list o f in­
gredients; a course of action
recommended fo r produc­
ing some result
70
roast [ranist] — жарить,
печь — to cook on a fire or
in an oven; to feel extreme­
ly hot
salt [soi 11] — соль — a
white crystaline compound
NaCl
sandwich [ saendwitj] —
бутерброд — two slices of
buttered bread put face to­
gether with meat, fish, sa­
lad, vegetables between them
sausage [ sosidg] — кол-
баса — finely minced meat
salted and spiced is forced
into a thin-walled tube which
is herm etically closed by
tying its ends
sip [sip] — глоток —
drink little by little; to drink
a very small amount of tea/
coffee at one time
sm ell [smel] — запах;
пахнуть — to recognize
something by means of the
nose; to have or give o ff an
odour
snack [snaek] — легкая
закуска — a light meal eaten
between regular meals
Food I
soup [su:p] — суп — ;i
liquid food made by cooking
meat and vegetables in water
sour [ saua^] — кисльїіі
— having an acid taste as
lemon; unpleasant; irritat
ed, bad-tempered
spice [spais] — специя,
пряность — any o f various
plants used to season food,
such as pepper and clove;
something that adds zest or
interest
spoon [spu:n] — ложка
— a domestic device consis­
ting o f a shallow, oval or
round bowl at the end o f a
handle used for eating liqu­
id or semiliquid food
starvation [sta: veij'n] —
голодовка — hunger; the
act o f absence of food for a
long period of time; famine
steak [steik] — кусок —
any slice o f meat or fish cut
for cooking
stew [ stju:] — тушеное
мясо; париться — to cook
food slowly by simmering;
to be angry or worried
 | Food 71

sugar [ Juga^] — сахар — turkey [ta^ki] — индюк,

Hticrose, white crystallized индюш ка — a d om estic­
form obtained by process­ ated long- necked bird
ing the juice from sugar­
vegetable [ vedgita'bl] —
cane or sugar beet
овощ — the part of a plant
supper [ SAp^] — ужин used as food, eaten cooked or
— the last meal o f the day raw (roots, leaves, flowers,
eaten in the evening stems, seeds, etc.)
sweet [swi:t] — сладкий
wine [wain] — вино — a
— having pleasant taste
drink made of the ferment­
like that of sugar or honey;
ed juice of grapes; the dark,
a dessert, a cake or candy
reddish — purple colour of
tangerine [,taend3 ^ ri:n] red
— мандарин — a sweet,
juicy, reddish-orange citrus yeast [Ji:st] — дрожжи —
fruit having a skin that is a substance found on the sur­
easily peeled face of fermenting sugary
liquid; used in bread making
taste [teist] — вкус — the
sense by which the flavour yolk |j34ik] — желток —
of something is distinguish­ the yellow central part of
ed; tasty [ teisti] — вкусный the egg o f a bird
— pleasing to the taste, fla­
vourful, savoury
thirsty [ 0a^:sti] — испы­
тывающий жажду — feel­
ing the need to drink some­
thing; lacking water; hav­
ing a strong desire
tray [trei] — поднос — a
flat vessel with a slightly
raised rim used for carrying
or displayng things V egeta b le
 ability — |Vbiliti] — спо­
собность, обилие способно­
стей; His ability to read and
write English is good; skills,
cleverness, talent
able ['eibl] —способный,
умелый; to be able to do =
can
absence ['asbsaiis] — от­
сутствие; a being away; a
failure to be present; lack of
something
absent ['aebsaTit] — отсут­
ствующий, to be absent=
not to be present
accent [ ‘aeksarit] — уда­
рение, произнесенное с ак­
центом; he reads with good
accent
to accent [aek sent] — де­
лать ударение, подчерки­
вать; he accents the new
words
adult ['aedAlt] — взрос
лый; a person after 18 years
old is an adult person
advance [34l'va:ns] — про
двигаться вперед; to prog
ress; to go forward; to move
forward; to happen sooner
than planned or expected
to aerate [Wreit], ['eiareit]
— 1) проветривать; 2) га­
зировать; to fill with air
to afford |Vfo:d] — быть
в состоянии позволить се­
бе, употребляется с глаго­
лом «сап»; to be in position
to do something; to be able to
buy smth; to give, to provide
aim [eim] — цель, наме­
рение; прицел; a purpose;
 I Education
Intention; ambition; goal;
main idea; core
allow [V lau ] — разре­
шить; to permit; to let
aloud |>'laud] — громко;
іn a normal speaking voice,
No as to be heard
always ['o:lw3^z], ['o:lwiz],
|'o:lweiz] — всегда; at all
times; on all occasions; in
any case; without exception
answer ['ainsa^] — ответ;
a reply (in speech, writing,
action); a solution to do
Homething
applicant ['aeplik^nt] —
заявитель — someone mak­
ing an application (to the
competition, University)
attempt |>'tempt] — по­
пытка — to try to do some­
thing; to make a trial of; to
try to achieve
average ['зєузтісіз] —
средний — a common or
usual standard; ordinary;
middle; in between
become [Ьі'клт] — стать,
становиться — to come to
be; to be in the process of
73
change or development; to
happen; to suit, to fit
begin [bi'gin] — начи­
нать — to start
blue-print ['blu:print] —
калька — a copy o f an
original
b ra in [brein] — м озг;
рассудок — the part of cen­
tra l nervous system ; the
intellect
certain [Witn] — опреде­
ленный; верный -^ s u re,
reliable; non-identified per­
son (некто); not very much
certificate [sa^'tifikit],
[s34 tifikit] — сертификат,
справка, удостоверение; a
w ritten statement; status
or qualification o f a person
chalk [t$o:k] — мел — a
soft whitish variaty of lime­
stone composed o f calcium
carbonate
chapter [ ’tjaepta^] — гла­
ва — a division o f a book; a
phase o f existance
circle ['sa^kl] — круг —
geometric figu re; to move
around or around in; a ring
74
clever ['kleva1] — умный
— quick to learn and under­
stand; sk illfu l, good at a
job; artful
comprehend [^kompn'hend]
— понимать, постигать —
to understand; to grasp the
meaning or significance; to
include
compulsory [кэтп'рлЬэт-!]
— обязательный — must
be done
conversation [konv^'seijn]
— разговор — informal and
frie n d ly talk; discussion;
friendly dialogue
curiosity ['kjuari'asiti],
[,kj оэ^п 'ositi ] — лю бопы т­
ство — eagerness to know;
strangeness, in q u is itiv e ­
ness
Education I
to dare [dea'J — otb;i
житься, посметь — to have
enough courage, strength;
to challenge somebody to do
something as a test о I
courage
dean [di:n] — декан -
the head of a department or
a faculty; the senior member
to decide [di'said] — pe
шить — to determ ine; to
choose; to bring to a decisi
on; to settle a question
degree [d i'gri:] — сте
пень; градус — a step in a
process, a measure o f inten­
sity; social rank; a title a f­
ter University; unit o f tem­
perature
desk [desk] — парта,
письменный стол — a piece
of furniture fo r reading and
writing; a w riting table
diary [daiari] — дневник
— a daily written account
o f events; a calendar with a
space fo r each day
dictio n ary ['d ik j> n ri],
['dikjVnari] — словарь — a
book containing the words
of a language in alphabeti-
 | Education
cal order; a list of code words
used in a program; a work
of inform ative character
arranged alphabetically
disobey ['dis^'bei] — не
повиноваться, не слушать­
ся; to refuse to do as it has
been said; do not follow
orders; to be disobidient
to draw[dro:] — рисовать,
чертить — to make a picture
or a plan with a pencil; to
formulate one’s thought; to
try to get information out of
somebody
duty ['dju:ti] — долг, обя­
занность; дежурство —
obligation of behaviour or
conduct in relation to others;
the work someone is expec­
75
ted to do; payment due to
the government for import,
export
each [i:tf] — каждый —
every one o f two or more;
fo r or to everyone
easy ['i:zi] — легкий —
obtained without d iffic u l­
ty; not d ifficu lt; free from
hardship, anxiety or worry;
gentle and comfortable
edit ['edit] — издавать —
to prepare for publication;
to publish; to alter the book
as to make it more suitable
fo r publication
educate [ ’edjuikeit] — да­
вать образование, воспи­
тывать — to instruct, to
train fo r a particular end
effort fefa^t] — усилие,
напряжение — spending
the body or mental energy
to achieve a desired end
enter [ ’enta1
-] — входить
— to come in/into; to pene­
trate into; to begin; to join
some organ iza tion ; to be
added to a list; to start
upon, begin to take part in
76
envelope ['envilaup] —
конверт — a paper cover to
hold a letter
essay [ ' e s e i ] — очерк,
небольшое литературное
произведение — quite short
writing dealing with a parti­
cular subject; an outline, a
short literary report
evaluate [I'vaeljueit] —
оценивать — to name, deter­
mine the value of; to express
the value num erically; to
estimate
every ['evri] — каждый
— each and all
exact [ig'zaekt] — точ­
ный, аккуратный — comp­
letely correct; neither more
or less; accurate
exam ple [ig'za:m pl] —
пример — something which
illustrates, helps to make a
meaning clearer; a speci­
men or instance; a mode of
behaviour to imitate
excel [I'ksel] — превос­
ходить — to be outstand­
ingly skilled or gifted; to be
superior in quality, degree,
Education §
performance; to do outstand
ingly well
exclude [iks'kluid] — ис­
ключать — to leave out, to
prevent or forbid the entry
of; to make impossible
explain [iksplein] — объ
яснять — to make clear, to
give a detailed exposition;
complete show that no prob
lem or d ifficu lty exists; to
give an explanation
fate [feit] — судьба, рок
— chance, destiny, fortune
fear [fia\| — страх — the
instinctive emotion in front
of danger, pain, evil; tobeaf
raid of smth., to get frighte
ned
file [fail] — файл, папка,
дело — a device o f various
kinds for keeping papers; a
set o f papers so kept
fine [fain] — штраф — a
sum o f money paid as a
penalty fo r an offen se; a
kind of punisnment
fool [fu:l], foolish ['fu-.lij]
— дурак, дурацкий — some­
one lacking common sense
or judgement; stupid
 Education
forget [f^'get] — забы­
ть — stop thinking about;
fail to keep in the memory
future [fju:tjV| — буду-
ee — in time to come; pres­
ets, the com ing events,
rspective
gain [gein] — получать,
рабатывать, достигать
— to get; to earn; to obtain;
1 0 achieve; to im prove, to
ndvance; to have some
profits
get [get] — получать —
to acquire, to receive; to
i>arn, to buy, to be able to
have
g ig g le [ ’gigl] — х и х и ­
кать — to laugh foolishly or
nervously; half- suppressed
laughter
glad [glasd] — радост­
ный, довольный — happy
«bout some specific event;
pleased
glossary ['gbsari] — сло-
нарь, глоссарий — a list of
d ifficu lt words with expla­
nations, usually at the end
of a text
77
good [gud] — хороший,
добрый — m orally excel­
lent; kind, agreeable; well-
behaved; pleasant, reliable;
beneficial
graduate ['grædjueit] —
выпускаться из высшего
учебного заведения — to
com plete a set course o f
study and receive a diploma
group [gru:p] — группа
— a number o f people or
things gathered closely
together and considered as
a whole; a set o f elements
growth [grou0] — рост —
the process o f grow ing or
developing, increasing in
size
gym nasium [dgim^eizj-
этп] — гимнастический зал
Group
78
— a room or building for
physical exercise; a type of
secondary school in Europe
handwriting ['hasndraitiq]
— почерк — writing done by
a hand; the style of writing
of a particular person
headway ['hedwei] — ус­
пех, продвижение — pro­
gress, success
ignorance ['ignarans] —
невежество — a lack of
education, the state of not
knowing
impatient [im'peijVnt] —
нетерпеливый — restless,
showing a lack o f patience,
unwilling to put up with
im p olite [impa^'lait] —
невежливый — showing
bad manners, ill-bred
inability [^n^biliti] —
неспособность, невозмож­
ность — being impossible,
unable to do something; the
state or quality of being
unable
inattentive [in^'tentiv] —
невнимательный — without
paying attention; careless
Education
inborn ['in'boin] — врож
денный, природный
natural, inherent; born with
such qualities
incorrect [^nk^'rekt]
неверный, ошибочный -
wrong, not true; error, mis
take; not conforming to ac
cepted standards
inexact f ^nig'zaskt] — не
точный — not accurate, not
correct, wrong
introduce [mtr^'djuis] —
представлять, вводить —
to make formally known; to
bring into use or practice;
to add as a feature; to bring
into conversation; to begin;
to discover
junior ['d3 u:nj^] — млад
ший, юниорский — young­
er; lower in status; less
advanced; later in date
k in d erg a rten ['kinda1-
ga:tn] — детский сад — a
class or school in which
young children (4 -6 years
old) are encouraged to
develop skills and behaviour
by games, exercises, etc
 I Education 79

know [rmi] — знать — to

iipprehend w ith the con- Ш Й
icious mind; to be aware of;
to be able to imagine; to have
Committed to memory; to
realize
know ledge ['nolid 3 ] —
ииание, наука — the state
of knowing, understand­
ing; cognition
learn [1зчп] — учиться,
узнавать — to acquire know­
ledge or skills by study, in­ Library
struction, practice, expe­
rience; to come to know or
be aware of ing housing a collection of
books; a number o f books on
lesson ['lesn] — урок —
related topics issued by a
one unit in a series of
publisher
Hessions o f instruction;
Homething to be learned; listen ['lisn] — слушать,
material taught to a pupil прислушиваться — to use
by a teacher during a given one’ s ears in order to hear;
period of time to pay attention to speech,
music; to be influenced by
letter ['leta\| — буква;
письмо — one o f the print­ luck [1лк] — удача, судь­
ed symbols of an alphabet; ба — good fortune; success
a written, printed or typed due to chance; the tendency
personal communication; a of a person to be fortunate
document, statement or unfortunate
library ['laibrari] — биб­ mascot [ massksrt] — та­
лиотека — a room or build- лисман — an object, animal
80
or person whose presence is
supposed to bring good luck
mean [mi:n] — 1) значить
— to denote, to have a special
degree or im portance; to
intend 2) подлый — small-
minded, unkind, stingy;
3) средний — midway bet­
ween two extremes in num­
ber, value, degree; middle,
average
m editate [ mediteit] —
размыш лять, медитиро­
вать — to think over; to
reflect deeply; to spend in
the spiritual exercise; to
contemplate
memory [ meman] — па­
мять — a person’s capacity
to remember; a mental
image or im pression o f a
past event
mind [ maind] — 1) ум,
память — the in te lle ct,
opinion, desire, memory;
2) возражать — to object
to, 3) to pay attention to; to
worry about; to be atten­
tive, conscious
mischance [mis tja:ns] —
неудача — misfortune, bad
luck
Education
misfortune [mis fo:tji 1 1 J
несчастье — mischamtjj
bad luck
misprint [ mis print |
опечатка — a mistake l|
printing
mistake [mis teik]
ошибка — error; misuiкl<■ij
standing, misprint
m oderate [ modern |
умеренный, сдержанны!
— between extremes; iiol
very great or good; limi 1« <1J
average
monitor [ monit^] — п иj
роста группы, монитор 4
a pupil appointed to assm|
in keeping discipline; :
diagnostic program used l|
M on itor
 Education
ppond to questions about
Computer program
narrate [na^ reit], [паг reit]
повествовать, рассказы -
ть — to tell or write a
try; to give an account of
tints; to act as a story-teller
need [nr.d] — нуждаться
l,o be in want, required; to
under a specified neces-
ty or obligation
nod [nod] — кивать голо-
itt — to bow the head for-
urd quickly in greeting,
reement or command
note [nzrat] — заметка —
b rie f written record made
| assist the memory; a
fie f informal written com-
nnication
n otice[ na-utis] — заме­
ть — to become aware of;
» write a notice of; to be
11entive, to pay attention
n ov ise [ novis] — нови-
пк — a beginner; a person
i»wly converted to some
ligion
to obey [a4>ei], [>u bei] —
коииноваться — to be
81
obedient; to act in confor­
mity with
to object [a-b dgekt] —
возражать — to be opposed;
to express opposition
omission [341 mija-n],
m ij>n] — пропуск —
error, mistake, failure to do
something because of forget­
fulness
oral [ oir^l] — устный —
spoken, using speech more
than w riting; relating to
the mouth; spoken through
the mouth
page [peid3 ] — страница
— one side of a piece of paper
or leaf o f a book; a single
sheet of data; a fixed block
o f instructions
paper [ peipa1] — бумага
— a substance consisting of
interlaced fibers of cellu­
lose obtained from wood
and used in writing, print­
ing, drawing, etc.
pat [past] — похлопы ­
вать — a gentle stroke or
blow made with something
flat often as a sign of
affection or sympathy
82
patter [ pæta^J — скоро­
говорка — the quick talk or
chatter of a comedian;
mechanically repeated words
without considering the
meaning
pattern [ pætaTi] — обра­
зец — a number of repeated
elements; a model from
which a copy can be made; a
sample; an imitation
precise [pri sais] — точ­
ный, пунктуальный —
exact; accurate in every
detail; very attentive to
detail
preface [ prefis], [ prefabs]
— предисловие, вступле­
ние — a written introducti­
on to a book; the opening
remarks
pride [praid] — гордость
— proper self-respect; ex­
cessive self - esteem; a source
of great satisfaction
prim ary [ praimari] —
начальный — first in order
of development; first in a
succession; basic, funda­
mental
primer [ praim^] — бук­
варь — a simple book for
Education |
Prim er
children learning to read;
an elementary textbook
proceed [pr^ si:d] — про
должать; происходить — to
move forward, to go further;
to begin action or take legal
measures
question [ kwestJVn] =
query [ kwiari] — вопрос —
a word, phrase or sentence
asking about a particular
fact; a problem for testing
knowledge
questionary [ kwestjararri ]
— анкета, вопросник — a
set of questions for answer­
ing by many people indepen­
dently usually to provide
statistical information
 Education
quotation [kw34i teijan]
цитата, цитирование —
assage or phrase quoted; a
eference to a passage in a
anuscript
quote [kwzrut] — цитиро­
вать, ссылаться — to repeat
in writing or speech some­
body’ s words; to refer to
rate [reit] — ставка, нор­
ма; класс — to determine
the relative rank or class
read [ri:d] — читать — to
understand the meaning of
words by looking at them and
assimilating them mentally
recall [ri ko:l] — отзы ­
вать; вспоминать — to order
Read
83
to return; to revive in me­
mory, to remember, to recol­
lect
recite [ri sait] — читать
наизусть — to repeat aloud
something memorized; to
enumerate
recollection [^eka^ lekjn]
— воспоминание — the act
o f remembering; the power
of a person’ s memory; a spi­
ritual gathering of oneself
together
«
rectangle [ rek^asqgl] —
четырехугольник — a geo­
metrical plane quadrangle
with four right angles
register [ redjista1] —
журнал, счетчик — an o ffi­
cial or formal list; a book in
which a record is kept; regis­
tration
relevan t [ reliv34it] —
уместный, относящийся к
делу — closely related to a
matter under consideration;
connected with the matter
remember [ri memba^] —
помнить, вспоминать — to
bring back to mind by an
effort o f will; to have come
84 Education f

into one’ s memory again by or consideration; expression

chance o f sympathy, concern
remind [ri maind] — на­ respond [ris pond] — от
поминать — to cause to вечать, реагировать — to
remember reply, to answer, to make n
response; to show an effeel
repeat [ri pi:t] — повто­
due to a force, influence or
рять — to say again, to do
stimulus
or make something once
more; to say from memory, riddle — загадка — <i
to recite; to undergo again; question or problem posed
to occur again to test the ingenuity of the
person, a puzzling thing
replace [ri pleis] — заме­
нять; Ставить обратно на rule [ru:l] — правило —
место — to put back some­ an accepted m ethod of
thing in its original place; behaviour or procedure;
to take the place of some­
body; to fill the place of
someone with another
reply [ri plai] — ответ,
отвечать — answer; to say
or write something in return
resolve [n zolv] — ре­
шать, решение — to find a
solution to a question or
problem; to decide, to deter­
mine; to agree to expression
of opinion by formal resolu­
tion
respect [ris pekt] — ува­
R espon d
жение — the special esteem
 Education 85

iomething that prevails ge­ self-su fficien t [ selfsa^-

nerally or occurs normally. fiJaTit] — самонадеянный
— accepting no outside help
satisfactory [fastis ftektari]
Ии- удовлетворительный — senior [si:njV| — стар­
udequate, giving satisfaction ший — indicating the older
o f two; of higher rank,
say [sei] — говорить,
longer service; relating to a
сказать — to express an idea
student in the graduating
orally or in written form; to
Г utter; to make a statement
class of a school
sentence [ sent34is] —
schedule [ Jedjuil], [ ske-
предложение — a word or
I dju:l] — перечень, расписа-
group of words which states,
I ние — a written or printed
asks, commands or exclaims
I list; a timed programme of
something
procedure; a timetable
serious [ siana-s] — серь­
school [sku:l] — школа;
езный — o f great im por­
обучать — a community of
tance; firm ly devoted;
those who teach and who are
alarming, critical
taught; the period or session
during which classes occur; shame [jeim] — стыд —
formal education a painful emotion aroused
by the recognition that one
science fsara-ns] — наука
has failed to act or think
— knowledge got by careful
in accordance with the
observation, a branch o f
standards
study concerned with facts,
methods, principles share [Jea-] — делить;
доля — the part that is given
scribble [ skribl] — 1) ка­
or belongs to one individual;
ракули, мазня 2) писать
to divide into portions
второпях — to write hastily
and carelessly or in a hurried shrug Цглд] — п ож и ­
badly constructed style мать плечами — to lift the
86 Education

shoulders as a g estu re
ex p re ssin g d o u b t, lack of
in te re s t, ignorance of th e
answ er to a question
sign atu re [ signitJV] —
подпись — a m ark re p re ­
senting the name of a person
sim ple [ simpl] — про­ Speak
стой — easily done, used or
un d ersto o d ; w ith n o th in g
mixed or added
signify, mean; to form a
since [sins] — с тех пор... word by le tters
— fro m th e n till now; a t
square [skwea1] — квад
some tim e between then and
ратны й, прямоугольный;
now; during the time follow­
площ адь — a plane fiqurc
ing
h aving fo u r sides of equal
solvable ['solvabl] — раз­ length and four rig h t angles;
реш имый, -able to be decid­ an open space in a city or
ed, settled, determ ind tow n bounded by streets
solve [solv] — реш ать — stare [stea1] — присталь
to fin d th e solu tio n to; to но смотреть — to look in
provide an answ er for tently w ith widely open eyes;
to gape; to gaze
speak [spi:k] — говорить
— to deliver a speech; to story [ stori] — расска .1
u tte r , to ex p ress an idea, — a n arrativ e of events th a t
fact or feeling have happened or aro
supposed to have happened
spell [spel] — назы вать
(often u n tru e)
по буквам — to w rite or
name the le tto rs of a word strict [strikt] — строгий,
in th e ir c o rre c t o rd e r; to точн ы й — d em a n d in g to
 Educatian
llow rules or regulations
n exact m anner; exact,
omplete, absolute
stupid [ stju:pid] — глу-
ый — silly, slow -w itted;
dull, boring; characterized
у lack of intelligence
su b ject [ sAbd3 ikt] —
Ьодчиненный, подданный
fU- un d er the control or
Influence of; dependent
superior [sju: р!ЭТ1Э^] —
высший — higher or greater
than the norm al or average
in degree or quality; ex­
ceptional
supplem ent [ S A p lim ^ n t]
— п р и л о ж ен и е —■- so m e­
th in g added to im prove or
complete a docum ent, book,
thesis, etc
sure [ Jua1] — уверенный
— firm ly believing in some­
th in g ; h a v in g no d o u b t;
confident; c e rta in , in e v it­
able; w orthy of tr u s t
task [ta:sk] — задание —
a piece of w ork to be done;
some job or d u ty
teach [ti:tj] (ta u g h t) [to:t]
— обучать — to give know­
87
ledge to; to give lessons or
in s tru c tio n in so m eth in g ;
to help to learn
tell [tel] — рассказывать
— to give a detailed account
of; let know; to give in fo r­
m ation
tense [tens] — 1) время
— a form of a verb th a t
shows th e tim e of its action;
2) натян у ты й — show ing
em otional or m ental strain ;
characterized by suspense
term [1э™] — срок, се­
местр — a lim ited period of
tim e or tim e d u rin g which
som ething lasts; a division
of a school year
think [Girjk] — думать —
to use th e m ind; to have in
th e m in d as an o p in io n ,
belief, a ttitu d e ; to reflect;
to rem e m b er; to fo rm an
image or idea in th e mind
title [ taitl] — заглавие,
титул, звание — th e name
by which a p a rtic u la r th in g
is known; a word or group
of w o rd s a tta c h e d to th e
nam e of a fam ily as an
expression of respect
88
Think
translate [træns leit] —
переводить — to express in
another language; to e x ­
plain by using other words,
terms or signs
tutor [ tjiKta1] — опекун,
наставник; репетитор — a
teacher who gives private
instructions to a student; a
college officia l who super­
vises, advises u n d ergra ­
duate students
uncertain [лп S3^tn] — не­
уверенный — doubtful;
variable; not clearly defined,
vague
underline [^nda^ lain] —
подчеркивать — to stress,
Education
to emphasize; to draw а И т ­
ог lines under
understand [,And^ staend |
— понимать — to grasp tin-
meaning of; to be in agree
ment with; to conclude
unfortunate [лп fD:tJnii|
— несчастный, неудачный
— unlucky; unsuitable; bad
luck
upbring [ лрЬпд], -in^
[ Apbriqiq] — воспитание -
care and training got
during childhood and youth
vocabulary [v& kasbjulari |
— словарь, словарный за
пас — a hand-written list
o f words, arranged alpha
betically; the stock o f words
used in a particular work,
branch o f a subject
volume [ voljum] — 1) том
— a stock of printed sheets,
forming a book or some parts
of a book; 2) объем — an
amount, quantity
week [wi:k] — неделя —
a period o f seven days; the
working days or hours o f a
seven — day period
 I Education 89

whisper [ wisp^] — me-

йот — a low soft utterance
to be heard only by the
person addressed; secretly
mentioned inform ation; a
rumour
wisdom [ wizd^m] — муд­
рость — a store of know­
ledge; intelligence; know­
ledge converted into teaching
wise [waiz] — мудрый, W r it e
рассудительный — possess­
ing great knowledge and in­
telligence; very clever, fully write [rait] — писать —
aware of to form letters or symbols
with a pen, pencil brush on
wit [wit] — 1) ум; 2) ост­
paper
роумие; 3) остряк — the
ability to make the associa­ w ron g [woq] — непра­
tion o f unrelated ideas in вильны й — not correct,
unexpected, clever way; a accurate; not in accordance
person with this ability with moral standards; mis­
taken
word [wa^d] — слово —
a combination o f sounds zoology (z&u э1эч1з 1] —
having meaning and used as the branch o f biology
basic unit o f language and concerned with animal life
human communication and all its manifestations
 acorn ['еікз:п] — желудь; awkward ['oikw^d] — не
the nut or seed of the oak- ловкий, неуклюжий; no!
tree quite right; difficult to dea I
alone O'loun] — один, with; unhealthful; incon
одинокий; only; exclusive­ venient; unhelpful
ly; not taking into account; badger [ baed3 ^] — бар
to ignore; not touch; to leave сук — an animal with thick
unaccompanied
body, short legs; bristly hair
along (V b i)] — вдоль, (is used in shaving brushes
no; from one end to the other and artists’ brushes); a
end of; onward; forward badger is brown or grey
animal ['аештэЧ] — жи­ with white patches as facial
вотное — any o f various markings
organisms (livin g beings)
which d iffer from plants.
Home/domestic animals.
Wild animals
to annoy [Vnoi] — раз­
дражать, досаждать; to
trouble; to irritate; to vex
autumn ['эЛэта] — осень;
a season between summer
B ad ger
and winter
 rI Natural phenomena
I bark [ba:k] — 1) кора —
the cover of a tree; 2) лаять
К - to make the sharp ex­
plosive noise characteristic
of dogsbarley ['ba:h] — яч­
мень — a cereal grass; its
grain is used for animal feed,
і [ breakfast foods, making beer
bat [bast] — 1) летучая
I мышь — a flyin g mouse;
2 ) бита — a special club
instrument used for hitting
; a ball in baseball, cricket
bay [bei] — бухта, залив
і — a wide inlet of the sea
beach [bi:tj] — пляж,
I взморье — the shore of the
I sea washed by the water and
I covered by sand, single or
larger rocks
beak [bi:k] — клюв — a
I hooked nose of a bird ,
Bat
91
a bear [bea^] — медведь —
an animal; ill — mannered
person
beast [bi:st] — зверь —
any four — legged wild ani­
mal; a person with brutal
ways
a bee [bi:] — пчела — an
insect producing honey and
wax
beetle ['bi:tl] — жук — an
insect which can fly
birch [ba^tj] — береза —a
forest tree with light smooth
bark; wood of this tree
bird [ba^d] — птица
black [blaek] — черный
— without light; the oppo­
site of white
blast [bla:st] — порыв
ветра — a strong gust of
wind; a draft of air
92
bloom [blu:m] — цвете­
ние, пушок — the state of
blossom, flow ering a flower
blossom ['blosarn] — цве­
тение, цветок — a flower of
a fru itp ro d u cin g tree or
bush; the mass o f bloom on
a fru it tree
blow [btau], blew [blu:],
blown [bloun] — дуть, бить
— to direct air from one
side to another; a sudden
stroke with a hand or an
instrument; a sudden shock
bottom ['botarn] — дно —
the lowest, last part of some­
thing
branch [braintj-] — ветка;
a stem growing out from the
Blossom
N a tura l phenomena
trunk o f a tree; a subuni I,
subdivision
bright [brait] — яркий
reflecting or g ivin g out
light; brilliant, cheerful;
hopeful, promissing success
clever
bubble [ЪлЫ ] — пузы
рек — a small volume o f ai r
or gas surrounded by <1
liquid, an elastic membrane
bull [bul] — бык — male
o f large strong animals;
very strong-looking o r
massive
bush [buj] — куст — a |
plant between grass and я
tree; a shrub
butterfly ['bAtoflai] — 6a
бочка; стиль «баттерфляй»
— an insect with coloured
wings
camel ['кэеггЫ] — верб
люд — an animal
camomile ['кагтзчпаїї],
['kaemoumail] — ромашка
a plant
to catch [kastf] — ловить,
поймать — to make b rief
contact with; to be in time
 N a tu ra l phenomena
Camel
for; to surprise or detect; to
attract attention
chilly ['tjili] — прохлад­
но — unpleasanty cool/cold;
unfriendly
claw [kb:] — коготь —
the sharp, hooked nail o f an
animal’s foot
clay [klei] — глина — a
firm earthy substance com­
posed of aluminium silicate;
it is plastic when wet but
loses its plasticity when
heated to high temperature
clear [klia-j— ясный, бе­
зоблачный — transparent,
unclouded; untroubled; easy
to understand; fre e from
defects; free from d iffic u l­
ty or danger
93
climate ['klaimit] — кли­
мат — the sum of the prevail­
ing weather conditions at
some place; a region with
certain weather conditions;
a trend of opinions and at­
titudes in society
cloud [klaud] — облако,
туча — any suspension of
particles in the air or any
gas
coal [kanil] — уголь —
mineral resource
cold [кз-uld] — холодный
— low temperature; absence
o f heat; a disease with a
running nose and sore
throat; no attention
copper ['кэрэ\) — медь —
a metallic element, a very
good conductor of electricity
and heat
corn [ko:n] — зерно;
(а м ер .) кукуруза — grain
in general, small hard seeds
of cereals
crack [kraek] — треск;
хруст — a sudden sharp
sound; to break info a safe;
to break abruptly; to break
open (a nut); to fail, give way
94 N a tu ra l phenomena

crawl [кгэ:1] — ползти —

to move forward on hands
and knees; to make one’ s
way slowly
creep [kri:p] — ползти —
to move along with the body
close to the ground; to crawl
on all fours before learning
to walk; to go slowly; to grow
along the ground or up walls
crop [кгэр] — урожай —
harvest; a group o f things
coming together; the style
of wearing hair so short cut deep [di:p] — глубокий
cruel ['kruia^l] — жесто­ — extending far down below
кий — showing pleasure at the surface; beyond the
the suffering o f others; normal area; hard to make
causing suffering; liking to out; well hidden, concealed
inflict pain and suffering
deer [dia^] — олень, лань
damp ['dsemp] — сырой, — the males of most species
влажный — moisture in have branched horns shed
the air; wet, not dry each year
dawn [do:n] — рассвет,
dense [dens] — густой,
заря — the first light of day,
плотный — thick; massed
daybreak; the first sign of
closely together; pressed
something
day [dei] — день — the depth [dep0] — глубина
time during which the sun is — deepness; the represen
above the horizon; a day as tation o f deepness in per
a point of time; ...as mark­ spective; the most intense
ing some events; a period of point; the quality o f being
time profound
 N a tura l phenomena
desolate ['des^lit] — за-
рошенный, безлюдный —
onely, forlorn, neglected,
uninhabited
dew [dju:] — роса — small
drops o f moisture condens­
ed from the atmosphere
form in g on cool surfaces
during the night
dim [dim] — тусклы й,
смутный — not b righ t or
clear, indistinct, not clearly
visible; faint
dirty ['da^ti] — грязный
— not clean, unclean;
indecent; dishonourable;
resentful
dove [dAv] — голубь — a
pigeon, the symbol of peace;
one who advocates a peace­
ful solution
D ove
95
down — вниз: downhill
['daun'hil] — под гору, пока­
тый — sloping down, mov­
ing down a slope
downpour ['daunpo:] —
ливень — a heavy shower
o f rain
dragon ['draegari] — дра-
кон-а mythical animal with
huge body, enormous claws
and sharp teeth; a very angry
person
drizzle ['drizl] — моро­
сить, мелкий дождь — to
fall in very small drops, to
rain slightly, a slight fine
rain
dry [drai] — сухой —
needed rain; not wet;
thirsty; without liquid
eagle ['i:gl] — орел — a
large strong bird. In mytho­
logy the eagle represents
might and courage
earth |>:0] — земля —
the planet on which we live;
land and sea as opposed to
the sky
east [i:st] — восток — one
of the four cardinal points
96
o f the com pass; the
direction o f the rising sun
elep h a n t ['elifa^nt] —
слон — the largest livin g
land animal (weight = 5-6
tons), its nose is a trunk
em erald ['е т э ч ^ Ы ] —
изумруд — a bright green
precious stone; the green
beryl; of or like an emerald
eternal [ii'ta^n^l] — веч­
ный — everlasting, never
ending; without beginning
or end in time; constantly
repeated; limitless, endless
evening ['i:vniq] — вечер
— the later part o f the day
as darkness approaches; the
N a tu ra l phenomena
interval between sunset and
bedtime; an entertainmen!
or occupation taking plan
in the evening
evergreen ['ev34jri:n]
вечнозелены й — alway:
green, bearing green leaves
throughout the year
extend [iks'tend] — вытя
гиваться, простираться —
to lengthen in space or time;
to make wider, greater; to
stretch; to hold out; to spread
out with a regular distance
fade [feid] — вянуть,
блекнуть — to lose fresh
ness, to lose colour
feather ['feôa-J — перо —
one o f the epidermal out
growths that cover the body
o f a bird
fertile ['fa^tail] — плодо­
родный — highly produc­
tiv e , creative, capable of
developing or reproducing
field [fi:ld] — поле — an
area o f land devoted to
pasture or the cultivation of
crops; the area on which
something is drawn, painted ;
 {I N a tura l phenomena 97

rt particular sphere o f inte­

rest, study, knowledge or
thought
fire [fai^] — огонь — a
chemical change accompa­
nied by the emission of heat
' and light; a flame; a gas or
[ electric heater fo r a room;
passion
flam e [fleim] — пламя,
яркий свет, пыл — a body of
form ing a dense (thick)
glowing, burning gas; the
cloud at or above the earth’ s
state of burning with a blaze;
surface
intense feeling, passion; a
strong reddish orange colour forest [’forist] — лес — a
large area o f land covered
flood [fL\d] — наводне-
with trees and bushes grow­
[ ниє — a large quantity of
ing thickly, the trees on such
water covering what is usu­
land
ally dry land, as the result
[ of a river or sea’ s flow ing fox [foks] — лиса — a
over its usual lim its, the wild animal which lives in
breaking o f a dam, etc.; the the forest; a cunning animal
state of a river that is very
freeze [fri:z] — морозить,
full of water
замораживать — to turn
flower ['flaua^] — цветок into ice, to be cold enough to
[ — a flo w e rin g plant; the turn water into ice; to die by
plant’s blossom only, bloom- frost; to preserve by re fri­
ing geration; to immobilize by
governmental authority
fog [fog] — туман — mist;
water vapour condensed on fresh [frej] — свежий —
fine suspended particles, just made; not salted or

4 Простые и эффективные ... англ. словя

98
preserved in any way; refre­
shing; new, d iffe re n t;
healthy-looking; opening
up a new field o f experience
frost [frost] — мороз —
temperature below freezing
point; to cover with ice
crystals; to coat with frost­
ing
fur [fir:] — мех, шерсть —
a covering of certain animals
(fox , rabbit, squirrel); the
soft fine thick hair that
covers many animals
grain [grein] — зерно,
крупинка — the seed of a
cereal grass; a hard particle;
a very small amount
grass [gra:s] — трава —
the low green herbage o f
pastures and lawns
N a tu ra l phenomena
green [gri:n] — зеленый
— the colour o f vegetation
in spring and summer
grow [дгэи] — расти
to develop as a livin g plan I ,
to be cultivated; to increasi
in any way
>
harvest ['ha:vist] — yp<>
жай, жатва — the gatherinr.
in of ripe crops; the time о I
year when crops are gathera I
in; the result o f action or
behaviour
hay [hei] — сено — cut
and dried grass; to make
hay o f somebody = to crack,
crash
heat [hi:t] — жара, 3 H 0 i i
— high tem perature; the
condition of being hot; hot
weather; intensity of emo
tional feeling; intensity of
action; competition
heaven ['hevn] — небо,
небеса — the upper regions
o f the sky; perfect happi
ness; the upper air; the abode
of God
herb [ЬзчЬ] — трава, pa
стение — a plant; grass for
 | N atural phenomena
m edical purposes or fo r
flavouring food
hill [hil] — холм — an
elevation o f the earth’ s
mirface that has a rounded
*лр and is not as high as a
mountain; a small quantity
of material form ed into
Huch a shape
horrible ['hora^bl], ['horibl]
— ужасный — extrem ely
unpleasant or unpleasing;
terrible, awful
horse [ho:s] — лошадь,
- онь — a large domestic
animal
hot [hot] — горячий — at
a high temperature; produc­
4*
99
ing a sensation equivalent
to heat; follow ing or press­
ing slowly; close to the
solution; freshly arrived
hunt [hAnt] — охотить­
ся, охота — to pursue (a
person, an animal) with the
intention o f capturing or
killing
inexhaustible [^m g'zois-
ta'bl] — неистощимый, не­
исчерпаемый -impossible
to use up, finish, end;
everlasting
infrequent [in'frnkwatit]
— редкий, нерегулярный
— happening seldom, rarely,
not often
inordinate [i'no:dinit] —
чрезмерный, беспорядоч­
ный — not rightly directed;
without reasonable bounds
or limits
insect ['insekt] — насеко­
мое — a mosquito, a bee, a
butterfly, a gadfly, a lady­
bird, etc
insular ['insjuta] — ост­
ровной — form in g an is ­
land; separated, lonely;
narrow-minded
100 N a tu ra l phenomena

climates, sometimes it loseii

its tail
lone [loun] — одиноки iI
необитаем ы й — single,
alone, isolated, being out of
company
lush [1лЛ — сочный (о
растениях) — growing
thickly and richly; charac
terized by luxuriant vege
tation
leaf [li:f] — лист — a thin
expanded outgrowh of a marble [ ma:bl] — мрамор
plant; a single sheet of — calcium carbonate which
paper; metal rolled into a has been crystallized from
thin sheet; leaves o f tea, limestone under heat and
tobacco pressure, form in g a hard
lie [la i], lay [le i], lain
rock; a piece of sculpture
[lein] — лежать — to have made of this material
the body more or less
horizontal upon a surface;
to be situated in a specified
place; to be placed; to be
spread out to the view
light [lait] — свет; л е г­
кий — illumination, bright­
ness, daylight; not heavy, of
little weight; quick-moving,
nimble; easy to bear (food,
alcohol); funny
lizard ['lizsrd] — ящери­
ца — a reptile found in warm
 | N a tura l phenomena
marine [ma1ri:n] — морс­
кой — relating to or pro­
duced by the sea; relating to
navigation
mature [тгг tjua-] — зре­
лый, спелый — having
reached a state of full natu­
ral development; ripe; deve­
lopment is completed, maxi­
mum development
* smaller
melt [melt] — таять — to
become soft, liquid; to
dissolve
mint [mint] — мята — an
aromatic plant cultivated for
use as flavouring
mist, misty [mist], [ misti]
— туман, туманный — fog,
foggy
monkey [ mAijki] — обезь­
яна — any of the primates
except man; a playful child
monster [ monst3\] —-
чудовище, монстр — a
deformed animal or plant; a
person who is horrifyingly
cruel, brutal
moon [mu:n] — луна —
the only natural sattelite
of the earth; to behave in a
dreamy abstracted manner
101
morning [ mo:niq] — утро
— the early part o f the day;
dawn, the first early part
mountain [ mauntin] —
гора — a high land mass; a
great quantity
mouse [maus] — мышь
— any of a large number of
rodents resembling rats, but
mud, muddy [n u d ], [ im di]
— грязь, грязный — a sticky
mixture o f water and earth
or dust; making a mess; to
act in a confused, disorga­
nized way; a state of mental
confusion
naval [ neiva^l] — морс­
кой — characteristic o f a
navy, marine
nest [nest] — гнездо —
the structure built by a bird
for holding its eggs during
incubation; a cozy place of
retreat, a protective packing
night [nait] — ночь —
the time during which the
sun is below the horizon;
darkness; a night or even­
ing as a point o f time
102
N est
north [пэ:0] — север —
one o f the fo u r cardinal
points o f the compass
northern [ пэ:5эт1] — се­
верный — situated, facing
or moving towards the north
oak [эшк] — дуб — a
great strong tree, its wood
is used in shipbuilding and
furniture
oat [anit] — овес, oatmeal
[ outmi:l] — a genus of wild
and cultivated grasses, is
used as food for humans and
animals
obscure [з^Ь skjua1] —
мрачный, тусклый, неиз­
вестный, невразумитель­
N a tu ra l phenomena
ный — d ifficu lt to see.
d iffic u lt to understand
through lack o f inform n
tion; not attracting atten
tion; not known to people uI
large
oil [oil] — нефть, расти
тельное масло — insoluble
in water, petroleum; vegc
table oil
overcast [ ouva^kaist]
покры ты й облакам и -
cloudy, covered with clouds
overcloud [,оиуу klaud |
— застилать облаками; ом
рачать — to cover over witli
clouds or shadow; to worry
owl [aul] — сова — a bird
flies noiselessly at night
pale [peil] — бледный —
no intensity of colour or
illumination; of whitish
colour
palm [pa:m] — ладонь;
пальма — the inner part of
the hand; the correspond­
ing part o f a glove; a tree
without branches but with
a crown o f large leaves
 N a tura l phenomena
Owl
parrot [ pasr^t] — попу­
гай — any o f great number
of tropical birds with hooked
bill and brilliant plumage,
can im itate human speech
and other sounds
pig [pig] — свинья — a
young hog, piggish [ pigij]
— свинский — a greedy,
d irty or selfish person;
selfishly greedy
pip [pip] — зернышко,
звездочка на погонах —
the seed of an apple, orange,
grape,etc
plain [plein] — равни­
на — a large open country
103
purify [ pjuarifai] — очи­
щать — by rem oving im ­
purities
p u rifica tio n ^pjuarifi-
keijVn] — очищение — to
make pure by rem oving
impurities
purity [ pjuanti], [ pjoanti]
— чистота — the state or
quality of being pure
purple [ рэ-ф1] — багря­
ны й, пурпурны й — a
com posite deep colour o f
red and blue
puzzle [ pAzl] — загадка
— a question which sets a
problem to be worked out
quack [kwaek] — к р я ­
кать — to say like a duck;
the call of a duck
quag [kwaeg] — трясина;
quagm ire [ kwaegmai^] —
болото — shaky, muddy
ground; swamp
quake [kweik] — дро­
жать, трястись — to shake
violently; сравните — earth­
quake — землетрясение
queer [kwia1] — стран­
ный — strange, peculiar;
104
eccentric, odd; unusual,
extraordinary
rabbit [ raebit] — кролик
— a domestic animal with
very long ears and a short
round tail
rabid [ rabid] — ярост­
ный, бешеный — violent,
unreasoning; listenin g to
nobody
rain [rein] — дождь; —
falling drops o f water from
a cloud
range [reind3] — предел,
размах, ряд; линия, цепь
— a row, file or rank o f
things; a chain of mountains
ra ve [reiv] — бредить;
бушевать — to express feel­
ings wildly, critically
N a tu ra l phenomena
ray [rei] — луч — a I
of light; any of several li
radiating from a centre
reed [ri:d] — тростни
tall-growing errect gra
found in water or swam
rick [rik] — стог, ck
да — an outdoor stack
straw or hay
ripe [raip] — зрелы
спелый — ready to be ea'
or harvested; ready to be p
into action; ready to open
river [ riva1] — a strew
of fresh water flow ing in
a sea or lake
roar [гэ:] — раскат; p
— the loud deep soun
characteristic o f a lion or
bull; to em it a loud, deep
confused, rumbling noise
rough [rAf] — грубый
unrefined; requiring streng
rather than intelligence; u
polished
sand [sasnd] — песок -*■
small grains of quartz met
on the seashore
sap [saep] — сок — tlir*
solution o f raw materinlii
 | Natural phenomena 105

иnd organic product in a

plmit, sappy [ saepi] — соч­
ный (о растительности) —
full of sap; fresh, vivid
savior [ seivja^] — спаси­
тель — someone who saves
и person or thing from
distraction or injury
scent [sent] — запах — Scrub
imiell, usually pleasing;
iidour sea [si:] — море — the
continuous body of salt water
scrabble [ skraebl] —
covering most of the earth’s
1) царапать — to make
surface, sm aller than an
Meratching movements with
ocean, sometimes partly or
the fingers, hands, feet;
wholly enclosed by land
2) писать неразборчиво —
to have a bad handwriting; seal [si:l] — 1) пломба,
'{) карабкаться — to climb печать — anything which
up w ith hasty stru gglin g serves to keep something
movements secured or closed; 2) тю­
лень — any of several fish-
scrub [skrAb] — 1) кус­
eating sea animals
тарник; 2) м алорослое
животное, ничтожество; seed [si:d] — зерно, семя
Л) скрести щ еткой, чи с­ — a spore or dry seedlike
тить — 1) thick under­ fru it; the fertilized ovule of
growth and stunted trees plant and its covering
g ro w in g to g e th e r; 2) an severe [si via^] — стро­
uudersized in s ig n ific a n t гий, суровый — very strict
Iicrson or animal; 3) to clean or stern; serious, dangerous;
by rubbing w ith a brush, causing great discom fort,
;oap and water sharp or violent; d ifficu lt
 106
shadow [ Jasd^u] — тень
— a relatively dark area
produced when rays of light
are blocked by a person or
• thing
shark Ца:к] — акула —
any of numerous large salt­
water fish usually with grey
rough skin, a deeply forked
tail, a large mouth armed
with several rows o f sharp
teeth
sheep [Ji:p] — овца —
any of various cud-chewing
animals related to the goat,
many o f which are raised
for fleece, meat, milk and
skin; a timid, meek, easily
led animal
shine [Jain], shone Цэчт]
— сиять, светить — to give
out or send out light or
brightness; to be bright or
gleam with reflected light;
to be outstanding
shower Цаигг] — ливень;
душ — a brief fall o f rain,
hail or sleet; a hath in which
water is sprayed on a person
from an overhead nozzle
N a tu ra l phenom ena |
silence [ sailans] — тиши­
на — the absence of sound,
complete quiet; stillness
silent [ saila-nt] — тихий,
безмолвный — completely
quiet, still; not speaking or
making a sound
sky [skai] — небо — the
upper atmosphere over the
earth
sleet [sli:t] — снег с дож­
дем — frozen or partially
frozen rain
snap [snasp] — цапнуть,
укусить — to try to bite or
seize by closing the jaws
suddenly; to move or act
quickly
snow [snani] — снег —
soft, white crystals or flakes
of ice formed by the freez­
ing o f water vapour in the
air
soil [soil] — почва — the
part o f the earth’ s surface
in which plants grow
source {so:s] — источ­
ник, ключ — a spring, lake,
etc. where a river or stream
begins; a place from which
 I N a tura l phenomena
something comes; a person
that gives information
south [sau0] — юг — one
of the four main points of
the compass and is located
directly opposite north
space [speis] — простра­
нство, место — the distance
or area between or within
points or objects; any blank
or empty place; the region
beyond the earth’ s atmos­
phere
spider [ spaid^] — паук
— any of a group o f small
animals without backbones,
having a body divided into
two parts and four pairs of
107
legs. They are able to spin
silken threads for making
cocoons and webs
spring [sprig] — 1) весна
— the season o f the year
between winter and summer;
2 ) вскакивать — to jump up
quickly; to arise suddenly
sting [stiq] — жало, жа­
лить — to prick painfully
with a sharp, usually
pointed organ or object; a
sharp organ with which an
insect or animal in flicts a
sting
stock [stok] — 1) биржа,
запас; 2) род, порода;
3 ) ствол — 1) the total
amount o f goods; the total
number o f shares th at a
com pany can issue; 2) a
fa m ily or other related
group o f plants or animals;
3) the trunk of a tree
stone [stanin] — камень
— a hard, naturally formed
mass o f m ineral m atter,
rock; a small fragm ent o f
this
straw [stro:] — солома —
the stems o f several cereals
108 N a tura l phenomena §

after cutting and drying, it tempest [ tempist] — буря

is used in cattlefarming
stream [stri:m] — тече­
ние, ручей — a small river,
running water; any conti­
nuous, uninterrupted move­
ment
stub [sUb] — пень; коре­
шок чека — a short piece
that remains a fte r some­
thing has been removed, cut
o ff (a cigar stub, the stub of
a p en cil); the rem ain in g
portion of a check, bill,
ticket, etc
summer [ sAma\| — лето
— the season o f the year
between spring and autumn
sun [sAn] — the central
star o f the solar system
sunrise [ SAnraiz] — вос­
ход — the risin g o f the sun
above the horizon
— a violent windstorm,
accompanied by rain, snow,
hail or thunder
terrible [ tera'bl] — ужас
ный — ve ry bad, unplea
sant; dreadful, awful; caus
ing great distress or pain
thaw [0э:] — оттепель,
таять — to go from a frozen
state to a liquid; become free
of frost or ice; melt; a period
o f warm weather, to melt
ice and snow
thorn [0э:п] — шип, ко­
лю чка — a short, sharp-
pointed growth on a branch
or stem, as o f a rose

sunset [ SAnset] — закат

— the descent o f the sun
below the horizon
tail [teil] — хвост — a
fle x ib le part an anim al’ s
body beyond the main part
o f the body; anything
resembling a tail in shape
 I N a tu ra l phenomena
thunder [ Элпёэ^] — гром
— a rumbling or explosive
sound made when a lightn­
ing d isch arge heats and
expands the air in its way
tide [taid] — прилив-от-
лив; поток, течение — the
regular rise and fall of the
oceans caused by the gravi­
tational pull of the moon and
the sun; a general trend or
tendency
top [top] — верх, макуш­
ка — the highest peak of
something
trace [treis] — след —
something left behind show­
ing the presence o f some
person, place, thing; a very
small amount
valley [ vaeli] — долина
— a region of low land bet­
ween hills, mountains; river
basin
vanish [ vaenij-] — исче­
зать — to disappear; to cease
to exist
vapour [ veipa^] — nap,
туман — visible particles of
matter in the air (mist,
smoke)
109
vast [va:st] — обширньїй
— very great in extent, size
or amount
vine [vain] — 1) виног­
радная лоза — grapevine
where grape grow; 2) ползу-
чее растение — a plant with
a long slender stem that
grows along the ground or a
tree
warm [wo:m] — тепльїй
— having the same tempera­
ture as the human body;
serving to keep the body at
this temperature; very
cordial, emotionally excited
w ater [ wota^] — вода;
поливать — the transpa­
rent, colourless liquid which
falls from the sky; to pour
liquid on the plants
w ave [w e iv ] — волна,
взмах — a forward-moving
swell on the surface of water;
a gesture of the hand or arm
in a sweeping movement
weather [ we5^] — пого­
да — the atmosphere
conditions; to resist the bad
effects of weather
110 Natural phenomena

wild [waild] — дикий

uncontrolled by man; grow
in g w ith ou t man’ s inter
vention; uncivilized
willow [ wila4i] — ива
a tree g ro w in g m ainly in
north tem perate regions
near surface of lakes, ponds
wind [wind] — ветер — a
W ave large body of air in its rapid
natural motion; air set
locally in motion
west [west] — запад —
one o f the four cardinal winter [ winta'] — зима
points o f the compass — one of the four seasons of
a year
wet [wet] — мокрый —
not dry; covered with water; wolf [ wulf] — волк — a
characterised by much rain doglike wild animal lives in
the forest
wheat [wi:t] — пшеница
— any o f various grassed
cultivated widely in tempe­
rate regions, an annual
cereal grass; the grain
yielded from these plants
and proceeded into flour
white [wait] — белый —
blond, the colour o f snow,
silver

whiten [ waitn] — отбе­

ливать — to make white, to
become white W o lf
 | Natural phenomena
wood [wud] — лес, дере­
во (материал) — a collection
of growing trees; the hard
fibrous substance compris­
ing the largest part o f the
stems and branches o f trees
worm [w 3^:m] червяк,
червь; ползать — an earth­
111
worm; any o f various creep­
ing animals with soft
segmented bodies
yield [ ji:ld] — сбор пло­
дов, урожай — to bring in
as profit, income; to have as
a product or result; to be
fru itfu l, profitable
 Ad/join О 'сізот] — при­ thing to another; to fasten;
мыкать, присоединять — to tie; to bind by love or
to be im m ediately next to esteem
another; to lie next to
awl [э:1] — шило — a
Ad/just |Vd3 Ast] — при­ short pointed tool used for
спосабливать, прилаж и­ making holes
вать; to set right; to regulate
axe [asks] — топор — a
for proper use; to harmonize;
tool consistihg of a wooden
to adapt oneself
Ad/mix [asd'miks] — при­
мешивать; to add by mixture
an g le ['asrjgl] — у го л ;
точка зрения — corner;
point of view
apprehend ['aepri'hend] —
познавать, постигать; to
become aware of something;
to learn/to know/to come to
know; to understand
attach iVtaetf] — при­
креплять — to connect one
 | Technics
handle and steel cutting
head
barrel [ЪжЫ] — бочка —
cylindrical container made
of wood, metal, etc
because [bi'koz] — пото­
му что — fo r the reason
that
binary ['bainari] — двой­
ной, сдвоенный — consist­
ing of two
boost [bu:st] — ускорять,
продвигать — to increase
the power, value; to lift up;
to push from below; to help,
to assist
brake [breik] — тормоз,
тормозить — to slow down
113
to prevent the motion o f a
body
break (b ro k e, brok en )
[breik] — разбить; бить —
to cause to fall into pieces;
to interrupt the continuity
o f something; to destroy; to1
bring to an end; to disobey;
to discover the secret (code);
to happen suddenly; to come
to an end
Brush [Ьгл]-] — щетка —
an implement made of wire,
hair, nylon set in wood,
plastic, etc.; used for groom­
ing the hair; painting; sweep­
ing floors
bump [Ь лтр ] — 1) стол­
кновение; ш иш ка, о п у ­
холь; 2) толкать, подтал­
кивать — to give a lift/ to
heep a start
bus [bAs] — автобус — a
large public passenger
vehicle; serving fixed routes
cancel ['kasnsa^l] — уби­
рать, удалять — to delete,
to cross out, to remove
capacity [k ^ 'p s s iti] —
способность; емкость; вме­
стимость; mental ability;
114
the ability to contain or
accomodate
car [ka:] — автомобиль
— an automobile, a wheeled
vehicle
cog [кзд] — зубец, вис­
туп — a protection or tooth
on the rim o f a wheel or
between the links of a chain,
transmits motion and power
coincide ^kanin'said] —
совпадать — to occupy the
same place; to occur at the
same time; to be equal, the
same
column [Тоїзіп] — колон­
на — a decorative element in
a building; a jou rn a lis t’ s
regular articles in a news
paper; a group o f ships or
cars
Technics I
com bine [кэчп'Ьат] —
комбинировать, состав­
лять — to form a single
unit; to join with other
people in order to achieve a
joint purpose
compartment [karn'pait-
m34it] — отделение, купе
— one part o f a space which
has been divided; a separate
part o f business which must
be discussed
condense [k^n'dens] —
конденсировать; сгущать
(ся) — to make more
compact; to express in fewer
words; to concentrate; to
become more dense or
compact
conform [k W fo im ] —
приводить в соответствие
— to do as others do; to
adapt; to comply
 I Technics
conglom erate [ka^n'glo-
mareit], [кэп glomareit] —
скапливаться — to gather
into a compact mass; to form
a compact mass; to accumu­
late; to corporate
connect [ksr'nekt] — свя­
зывать — to join, to link, to
chain; to tie, to bind
consist [kan'sist] — со­
стоять — to be composed; to
be made up
constitute ['kostitju:t] —
включать — to have certain
qualities; to be an element
of; to give legal form to; to
set up; to establish
contain [kan'tein] — содер­
жать в себе — to enclose; to
have capacity for; to include;
to comprise; to hold
cord [ko:d] — веревка,
струна — a rope o f small
diameter or a thick string
correlate ['korileit] — на­
ходиться в соответствии
— to bring into mutual rela­
tion; to connect systemati­
cally; to have a mutual rela­
tion
115
crook [kruk] — крюк,
изгиб — a hook
cut [kAt] — резать — to
separate into pieces or slices;
to make smaller or shorter;
to reduce
decimal ['desim^l] — де­
сятичный — relating to 10;
of a number scale based on 10
delete [di'li:t] — уничто­
жить; вычеркнуть, стереть
— to cross out, to erase, to
destroy
derivation [deri'veijn] —
источник, происхождение
— an origin, source; a basic
statement; the formation of
a word, the act o f tracing
develop [di'vel^p] — раз­
вивать — to elaborate on; to
cause; to grow or expand; to
realize; to come into being;
to have a new factor or situa­
tion
device [di'vais] — средст­
во, приспособление — some­
thing designed or adapted
fo r a special purpose; a
scheme, trick, motto
dial ['daia^l] — набирать
номер; циферблат — the
116
numbered disk o f an auto­
matic telephone instrument;
to rotate the disk about the
centre o f the circle
digit ['did 3 it] — палец;
цифра, однозначное число
— a finger or a toe; any of
the numbers from 0 to 9
discharge [dis'tja:d3 ] —
разгрузить, освободить —
to release, to unload a ship
or cargo; to free oneself from
an obligation or debt
discompose ['diskam'pa^uz],
^diskaWpouz] — нарушать
порядок, смущать, трево­
жить — to disturb the com­
posure
disconnect ['disk^'nekt]
— разъединять, разобщать
— to be no longer connect­
ed; to be separated; to be
disjointed
disjoin [d is jo in ] — разъ­
единять — to disconnect,
to separate; to untie, to un­
fasten
dot [dot] — точка — a
point in printing or writing;
a small spot or point usually
round
Technics I
double ['dAbl] — двой­
ной; удваивать — having
two parts, form ing a pair;
fo r two people; twice over;
a game between two pairs
to drag [dræg] — тащить,
тянуть — to pull along with
an e ffo rt; to pass slowly; to
go too slowly
edge [ed3 ] — край; лез­
вие — the extreme horizon­
tal lim it; the line formed by
the meeting of two surfaces;
either of the two sharp sides
o f the blade
efficient [I 'fijV n t ] — эф­
фективный, продуктив­
ный — competent, working
properly
emit [i'mit] — испускать,
излучать — to give out, to
give o ff; to put in circula­
tion
engine ['end 3 in] — мо­
тор; машина, двигатель —
a device used to transform
one form o f energy to ano­
ther; a machine, a locomo­
tive
equipment [j'kwipm^nt]
— оборудование — what is
 I Technics
Engine
needed to carry out some
work; a person’ s knowledge,
training, skill, experience;
the act or process of equipp­
ing
error ['era] — ошибка —
mistake; the difference bet­
ween the correct result and
the computed one; a misplay
evaporate [i'væpareit] —
испаряться, выпаривать
— to disappear without
traces; to escape because of
high temperature (about
liquids)
explosion [iks'pla4i3n] —
взрыв — a violent expansion,
a sudden release o f energy
from a very rapid chemical
or nuclear reaction; an out­
burst of violent emotion or
energy
fall [foil], fell [fel], fallen
['foil^n] — падать — to lose
117
balance, position; to slope
downwards; to fail to keep
pace with schedule
fasten ['fa:sn] — привя­
зывать, закреплять — to
make secure; to tie, fix firm ­
ly; to get firm hold; to fix
one’s attention
faulty [fo:lti] — ошибоч­
ный, неисправный — defec­
tive, imperfect; an error
flash [flaej] — вспыхнуть,
сверкнуть — to give out a
momentary, intensely bright
light; to emit light sudden­
ly; to move quickly
float [flanit] — плавать
на поверхности — to be held
by water, air; a body which
displaces its own weight of
a fluid and therefore be­
comes weightless = to rest
on or near the surface of a
fluid
flow [Яэпд] — течь — to
move with a continuous
change in shape; to move like
a stream; to run or spread
freely; to run smoothly and
effortlessly
118
flu x [flAks] — течение,
поток — the act of flowing;
the condition of continuously
changing; the rate of trans­
fer of energy or matter across
a given surface area
fuel ['fju^l] — топливо,
горючее — a material used
as a source of heat or energy;
anything that makes strong
feelings or passions
fuse [fju:z] — сплавлять,
сваривать — to join by melt­
ing together; to become join­
ed by being melted together
fusion ['fjugan] — сплав,
слияние, объединение —
melting together into a fused
mass; the change o f sub­
Technics |
stance from solid to liquid
condition; a coalition
hammer ['Ьэетэ\| — мо­
лоток; вбивать, заколачи­
вать — a tool consisting of
a short heavy head made of
steel and a handle
handle ['hasndl] — ручка,
рукоятка — the part o f a
tool, weapon, etc.; some­
thing that can be used as a
pretext
harm [ha:m] — вред, ущерб
— moral wrong; injury, hurt
heavy ['hevi] — тяжелый
— o f considerable weight;
opressive; joyless; uninte­
resting; d ifficu lt to accom­
plish; tiresome
hole [ha4il] — дыра, от­
верстие — a small space or
cavity; an empty space in the
earth made by an animal; a
small dark dirty place
hook [huk] — крючок —
a piece o f metal curved or
bent sharply and able to
support a thing, used for
suspending things
hoop [hu:p] — обруч,
скреплять обручем — a
 | Technics 119

strip o f metal; a child’ s toy;

a circle o f metal
im m erse [I'ma-is] — по­
гружать — to absorb one­
self in one thing; to put in
below the surface level of a
liquid or gas
include [in klu:d] — вклю­
чать, содержать в себе —
to contain as part of a whole;
install [in'stoil] — уста­
to enclose; to contain, to have
навливать, устраивать —
indicate ['indikeit] — по­ to set in a position for use;
казывать, означать — to to settle, establish in some
show, to point out; to direct place; to arrange a party to
attention to; to state in brief a person’ s honour
indissoluble [^ndi'soljubl] interlock [inta^'lok] —
— неразрывный, нераст­ сцеплять, блокировать —
воримый — lasting, inde­ to block; locking parts are
structible; not possible to held rig id ly together; the
break up; strong parts o f the system cannot
ineffective [jm'fektiv] —
move independently of each
other
безрезультатный — not
producing the desired result; invent [in'vent] — изобре­
useless; in vain; wasteful тать, выдумывать — to ori­
ginate, to devise; to think
inhuman [in'hjuim^n] —
up; to create, to make some­
негуманный, бесчеловеч­
thing new
ный — showing lack o f hu­
man warmth, machinelike; investigate [in'vestigeit]
not belonging to the human — исследовать, расследо­
race вать — to seek information
120
about, to trace out; to in ­
quire, to ask questions for
knowing all the details
iron ['аізчі] — ж елезо;
утюг — metallic element; a
hard, strong man (with qua­
lities o f iron); a devise used
fo r smoothening o f clothes
irradiation [i,redi'eijn] —
облучение, блеск, сияние
— the emission o f radiation
as heat, light; the increase
in brightness
ja c k [ёзагк] — рычаг,
домкрат — a device for rais­
ing an automobile by a lever
system or by a hydraulic
system
jem m y ['d3em i] — от­
мычка — a device fo r open­
ing a door or a safe without
a key
jet [d3et] — струя, бить
струей — a stream of vapour,
gas or liquid coming from a
narrow hole; the narrow
pipe which controls such a
stream
join [d3 Din] — присоеди­
нять — to bring together to
make a single unit; to fasten;
Technics ДЕ
to tie; to become a member
of; to enter into the company
joint [d3Dint] — место со­
единения — the place o f
joining; any place of enter­
tainm ent fo r a low class;
owned, made or done in
common with one or more
persons, groups, govern­
ments
junction ['d3Ankjn] — со­
единение, узел — the place
where two or more things
join; join ig or being joined
keep [ki:p] — держать,
сохранять — to continue to
have in one’ s hands, under
one’s control; to own, to
manage; to carry in stock for
sale; to maintain; to regulate
keyboard ['ki:bo:d] — кла­
виатура — the keys o f a
 I Technics 121

piano, organ, typ ew riter,

computer
knock [nok] — стучать­
ся, бить — to make a sudden
impact on something; to
cause to come together; to
beat slightly

leak [li:k] — течь, пропус­

кать воду — to pass through
a small hole in a container; to
become known to people
(about secret inform ation)
length ['leq0] — длина,
долгота — liner extent in
space from end to end; extent
in time from beginning to
end; in detail, taking much
time; the quantity of a vowel
level ['levl] — уровень —
a horizontal line, plane or
surface; a horizontal condi­
tion; a position in a scale of
importance; a relative posi­
tion in respect to some norm
link [liqk] — звено; со­
единять — a ring of a chain;
a joining part; portion of a
program me or equipment
that d irects in fo rm a tio n
from one part to another
K e y b o a rd
liquid ['likwid] — жид­
кий, жидкость — being a
flu id substance assumes a
shape imposed by its contai­
ner; transparent, clear
load [l^ud] — груз, на­
грузка — something which
is supported by or carried in
som ething; an amount o f
work expected to be done
lorry ['Ion] — грузовик
— a truck
m an u al [ mænju^l] —
ручной — operated by the
hands; a book containing in­
formation set out briefly
mine [main] — 1) мой —
belonging to me; 2) шахта
— an excavation in the earth
122
___________M in e___________
from which minerals are ex­
tracted; 3) мина — a weapon
to destroy the enemy
nail [neil] — гвоздь; но­
готь — a thin metal spike
driven into an objekt to fix
or to join som ething; the
ends of the fingers and toes
o f men
n u clear [ nju:kli^] —
ядерный — relating to ato­
mic energy; pertaining to a
nucleus
occur кэч] — случать­
ся — to happen, to be at a
point in tim e or during a
period o f time; to be found
within a region
out-of-date [ auta-v deit]
— устарелый — old-fa­
Technics I
shioned; not current, defec­
tive in regard to present
situation
overrun [^uva^ глп] —
через край — to go beyond,
to extend
pause [po:z] — пауза —
a short period of time when
sound, motion or a c tivity
stops before starting again
p illa r [ pil^] — столб,
колонна — a vertical struc­
ture o f m etal used to su­
pport a superstructure; a
supporter
pipe [paip] — труба, труб­
ка — a long hollow cylinder
used chiefly to convey fluids,
gas, etc.; a musical wind in­
strument; a device for smok­
ing tobacco, opium
plane [plein] — самолет
— an aircraft; a level of de­
velopment, thought, value
plank [plaeqk] — доска —
a long board; a main idea,
principle in an argument
plant [plaint] — сажать;
завод — 1) to put the roots
o f a plant in the ground and
 I Technics
make it grow; 2) the assem­
blage o f b u ild in gs, tools
used to manufacture some
kind of goods or power
plough [ plau] — плуг —
an agricultural instrument
drawn by a tractor, horses,
etc.; пахать — to turn over,
break up with a plough/to
plow
p lu g [р1лд] — пробка,
втулка, штепсель — a piece
of wood used to fill a gap or
hole; any electrical connec­
tion
precept [ pri:s2rpt] — пра­
вило, наставления, указа­
ния — an in stru ctio n ; a
rule o f action or conduct; a
technical instruction
pressure [ prejV] — дав­
ление — the action of press-
123
ing; the force actin g per
unit area; interference with
someone’ s freedom in mak­
ing a decision
queer [kwia'] — стран­
ный — strange, peculiar;
eccentric, odd; unusual, ex­
traordinary
radial [ reidja^l] — луче­
вой — h a vin g ra d ia tin g
lines; moving along a radius
radiance [ reidj^ns] —
излучение, сияние — the
state or q u a lity o f being
radiant, em itting energy in
the form of electromagnetic
waves, shining bright
raise [reiz] — поднимать,
возвышать — to come to a
vertical or standing positi­
on; to give rise to; to bring
up (childrén); to increase
rasp [ra:sp] — терка, на­
пильник; тереть, пилить
— a kitchen instrument for
grating vegetables; an in ­
strument fo r cleaning me­
tal surface
receiver [ri si:v^] — по­
лучатель; приемник, те-
124
лефонная трубка — some­
thing that receives; the
earpiece of a telephone; a TV
or radio set
reduce [n dju:s] — сокра­
щать — to make smaller or
less in size, weight; to change
to a different form; to bring
to a certain state
rejoin [n d33in] — снова
присоединяться — to join
again
remit [ri mit] — умень­
шать — to become less in
force, intensity; to return,
to send back; to send money
by mail
research [ri sa^tj] — ис­
следование, поиски — a
systematic search for facts;
scien tific investigation ;
inquiry
revet [n vet] — облицовы­
вать, облицовка — to face
with supporting material; a
retaining wall or other sup­
port for an embankment
to ring [rig] — звенеть —
to give a sound of a bell; to
telephone; a sound resembl­
ing a bell
Technics I
rock [гэк] — 1) скала —
one or more minerals form ­
ing the earth’ s crust; 2) ка­
чаться — to cause to move
to and fro, to shake, vibrate,
sway violently
round [raund] — к р уг­
лы й — having a circular
shape; plump; expressed in
tens, hundreds, etc
rub [глЬ] — тереть — to
move something using pre­
ssure over a surface; to be
subjected to friction
rust [rAst] — ржавчина
— corrosion ; a hydrated
oxide o f iron; the reddish-
brown colour o f this sub­
stance
rusty [ rASti] — ржавый
— covered with rust; out-
of-date, behind the times
sample [ saempl] — обра­
зец — an individual portion
by which the quality o f a
substance is to be judged
saw [so:] — пила — a steel
cutting tool with a toothed
edge
scatter [ skast^] — раз­
брасывать, рассеивать —
 I Technics
to separate w idely in d if ­
ferent directions; to cause
to break up and go in d iffe ­
rent direction or be widely
separated or distributed
scissors [ siza^z] — нож­
ницы — a cutting tool con­
sisting o f two sharpedged
blades and two handles
through which fin ger and
thumb are passed
scoop [sku:p] — ковш,
совок; черпать — any im­
plement fo r holding or re­
moving liquids
scrape [skreip] — 1) чис­
тка, скобление — to make
clean by rubbing w ith an
abrasive; 2) затруднение,
беда — an unpleasant situa­
tion, d ifficu lty, problem
sediment [ sediment] —
осадок, гущ а — a dense
Scissors
125
m atter which sinks to the
bottom o f an undisturbed
liqu id w ith which it was
previously mixed
serve [sa^v] — служить
— to satisfy the needs or
requirements o f a person or
organization; to supply with
something; to bring food to
the table
set [set] — ставить, класть,
размещать — to cause to
occupy a certain position; to
put; to bring into contact;
to arrange
shake Lfeik], shook [Juk],
shaken [Jeikn] — трясти,
встряхивать — to cause to
vibrate, to move rapidly up
and down or from side to
side o f the normal position
shape [Jeip] — очерта­
ние, форма — form, embo­
diment; the way in which an
object is seen or felt; the
outward appearance o f a
person’ s body
shut [|At] — закрывать,
захлопывать — to block an
entrance; to bring together
the parts; to stop the opera­
tion o f a shop, etc.
126
side [said] — сторона —
any of the surfaces or lines
that bound an object or figure
simultaneous tei-
nja's] — одновременный —
existing, happening or done
at the same time
smoke, smoky [sma'uk],
[ srrmiki] — курить, дымить;
дымный — to produce gas
by burning wood, coal, ciga­
rette
solid [ solid] — твердый
— h a vin g hardness; not
loose, compact, firm ; struc­
turally sound, reliable; una­
nimous
soluble [ soljubl], solvent
[ solvent] — having the power
to dissolve
spade [speid] — лопата
— a tool used fo r digging; a
long — handled tool with a
broad, flat blade
stainless [ steinlis] — не­
ржавеющий, безупречный
— spotless, having no stains
steady [ stedi] — устойчи­
вый, постоянный — regular
or uniform , not shaking;
reliable; not easy upset, calm
Technics Ц;-1
steam [sti:m] — nap —
water in the form of a gas;
power, energy generated by
steam
substance [ sAbst^ns] —
вещество, материя — matt­
er, material; body
sway [swei] — 1) качать­
ся — to move or swing from
side to side; 2) управлять
— to direct or control in a
certain way
sw in g [s w ig ], (sw u n g)
[swAq] — качаться, к оле­
баться — to move or lift in
a curved, sweeping motion;
to turn
switch [switj] — выклю­
чатель — a device fo r open­
ing or closing an electric
current
tab [taeb] — петелька,
ушко — a small flap, strip
or other attachment to open,
fasten or handle something
Eg: Pull the tab on the soda
can to open it
tap [taep] — 1) легк ий
стук — to strike lightly
several times; 2) кран; проб­
 I Technics
ка — a device used to turn
on or o ff a flow o f liquid
tape [teip] — тесьма, лен­
та — any long, narrow strip
of metal, plastic, paper or
other material
. thing [Gig] — вещь, пред­
мет — an inanimate object;
any act; fact, idea, statement
tip [tip] — кончик, нако­
нечник — the extreme end
o f anything; чаевые — a
g ift of money in return for
some service
tire [ tai^] — шина; обод
— a rubber band filled with
air around the rim of a wheel
tool [tu:l] — рабочий ин­
струмент — any of various
T ir e
127
devices held in the hand and
used in doing work; any­
thing necessary to professi­
on or trade
transfer [traens fa*:] — пе­
ренос, передача, перевод­
ная картинка — to remove
from one person, place to
another, to convey a draw­
ing or picture from one sur­
face to another
treadle [ tredl] — педаль
— a lever or pedal worked by
the foot to provide motion
for operating a machine
truck [tiwk] — 1) менять
— to change, to exchange; 2)
грузовик — a motor vehicle
for carrying heavy loads;
3) овощи (а м ер .) — vege­
tables raised for sale it the
market
turn [term] — поворачи­
вать, вертеть — to move
around; to rotate; to change
direction
twinkle [ twiqkl] — мер­
цать — to shine with; to give
flashes o f lig h t; to move
lightly and quickly
128
unbind [ лп baind] — от­
вязывать — to loose; to set
free
undo [ лп du:] — 1) раз­
вязывать, расстегивать —
to unfasten, untie; to open;
2 ) расторгать — to destroy;
to cause the ruin or down­
fall of
uneven [ лп i:v34i] — не­
ровный, нечетный — not
straight; not smooth or flat;
not o f the same kind; not
well-matched or balanced;
one-sided
unit [ junit] — единица
— a standard o f measure­
ment; unity [ juiniti] — един­
ство, согласие — the arran­
gement of the parts in a
work o f art or literature to
produce a single design or
effect; being in harmony or
agreement
vent [vent] — выход, от­
верстие — a hole or small
opening fo r the escape or
passage o f a gas, liquid, etc
verge [ va^dg] — край,
граница — a border; the
im aginary line at which a
Technics |
V essel
new condition or action
starts
vessel [ vesl] — судно;
сосуд — a ship or la rge
boat; a hollow container for
liquids
well [wel] — 1) колодец
— a deep cylindrical hole
dug into the earth to reach
a supply o f water, 2) источ­
ник — a spring o f water;
some source, 3) хлы нуть,
наполнить — to rise up and
pour out, 4) хорошо — in a
manner that g ive s satis­
faction; thoroughly, fully,
quite
wheel [wi:l] — колесо —
a circ u la r d evice able to
rotate; a circular motion;
something resembling this
device in shape, movement
 I Technics 129

whip [wip] — хлыст, кнут;

пороть — to strike with a
lash, rod; making whips to
strike stigingly
w h irl [wa^l] — враще­
ние, кружение — spinging
around; turning around very
quickly; to revolve rapidly
widen [ waidn] — расши­
W h irl
рять — to make or become
wide or wider
insect; a division o f an army
to wind [waind] — 1) тру­
бить — the act o f blowing a wire [ waia\) — проволо­
horn; 2) виться, извивать­ ка, провод — metal drawn
ся; 3) крутиться — to make out into thread-like form of
a complete turn, to sping uniform diameter; the tele­
around graphic system

wing [wig] — крыло; w rea th e [ri:d] — к л у ­

фланг — one o f the struc­ биться, обвиваться — to
tures of an airplane which encircle; to form flow ers,
supports the machine in the leaves into a wreath; to move
air; the wings of a bird, bat, in coils

5 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

 to abolish — [VbDliJ] —
отменять, упразднять, уни­
чтожать; to do away with...
completely; to put an end
to... (laws, customs, taxes,
privileges)
abolition [aeb^'liJVn] —
отмена, упразднение; the
movement against slavery/
smoking, drinking, drugs
accept [aek'sept] — при­
нимать, допускать;to take
sometning offered; to admit
the correctness of sometn­
ing; to give an affirm ative
answer to sometning; to
receive smth
access ['aeksa^] — доступ,
проход, приступ; way o f
approach — access from two
roads; right to approach —
access to the Prime Minis­
ter; right to consult — access
to the files; a sudden emotio­
nal outburst — an access of
fury, tears
ac/complish iV kom plif]
— выполнять, заканчи­
вать; to come to an end well;
to bring to a successtul
conclusion; to fu lfil; to
finish
ac/know/ledge [агк'пэЫз]
— признавать, подтверж­
дать; to recognize as a fact;
to admit the truth o f some­
thing; to recognize in a legal
form; to notice and ensure
admit [a^l'mit] — допус­
кать, позволять; to allow to
enter; to recognize as true; to
acknowledge; to have room
for

affair [V fe^ ] — дело;
concern; business; case; Eg:
a man o f affairs; affairs of
state; a love a ffair
against [Vgenst] — про­
тив — opposite to...; — cont­
rary to...; — in contrast to...;
— into contact with...; —
about...; — in exchange for...;
— in opposite direction to...;
— next to...
agree [a^'gri:] — соглаша­
ться, соответствовать; to
balance; to be in harmony; to
be suitable; to correspond in
number; to check
alarm [Vla:m] — тревога;
пугать, волновать; a signal
of danger; inspiration with
fear; alarmist — паникер;
alarm-clock — будильник
to alter ['o:lta\| — изме­
нять, переделывать; to make
different; to change; to become
different; to remake
to a/mass [Vmaes] — со­
бирать, копить; to accumu­
late; to gather together; to
preserve for the future
anew |Vnju:] — заново,
сызнова; again; in a new
form or way
131
anniversary ^aeniWisari]
— годовщина — the parti­
cular day on which the yearly
return of the date of an event
is celebrated (Eg: wedding
anniversary)
annual ['aenju^l] — ежего­
дный; once a year;measured
by the year
anthem ['эепбэтп] — гимн;
a piece o f choral music; a
song of praise or joy (national
anthem)
to appeal [Vpi:l] — апел­
лировать, призывать, взы­
вать; to call upon an autho­
rity; to address oneself to a
higher authority; to turn for
an opinion or judgement; to
make an earnest request; to
ask for voluntary contribu­
tions; to be pleading
to appear [Vpia1] — по­
я вляться проявляться; to
come in sight; to be in sight;
to be on the scene; to arrive
in public; to perform in
public; to be published; to
look wha"t a person or thing
is; to be evident or probable
to ap/point O'point] —
назначать; to select for an
132
office or position; to set a
date, time, place; to choose
approach (V p ro u tf] —
подход — the act o f coming
close or closer; the act o f
going near or nearer; the way
one approaches; a method of
beginning
approval О'ргшуэЧ] —
одобрение — a favourable
opinion or judgement; o f f i­
cial sanction or recognition
article t'a:tikl] — часть,
статья — a particular piece
o f w riting in a larger work
(book, newspaper, periodi­
cal); a particular thing o f a
distinct class (jackets and
other articles of clothing);
a statement, a regulation
(an article o f Constitution);
the words «а », «а п », «th e »
in grammar
associate iV sa n ijie it] —
присоединиться; ассоции­
роваться — to connect; to
take part/to participate; to
join as companion; to mani­
fest publicly one’s solidarity;
a corporate act o f (protest,
solidarity)
Politics I
to avoid [Vvoid] — избе­
гать; to keep out of the way;
to refrain from ; to in va li­
date
avouch |Vvautf] — р у­
чаться, утверждать; срав­
ните: ваучер; to state as a
positive fact; to guarantee;
to rely on
badge ['baed3 ] — значок
— a distinctive sign o f an
office
ban [baen] — запрет, за­
прещать — not to allow to
do something
banner [Ъаепз^] — знамя
— a flag o f a country or
political organization
battle ['baetl] — сраже­
ние, битва, баталия; a fight
between armies; a combat
between two individuals
to bear [bea"] — носить,
выступать — to carry; to be
marked with; to be known
by; to tolerate; to produce
bearer ['Ьеэтз^] — носи­
тель — somebody who carries;
holder
 | Politics
to beg [beg] — просить;
извиняться; to ask for
money, clothing, food for a
livin g; to express demand
by making noises; to ask for
being excused
behind [bi'haind] — за,
позади, после — in back of
something; in support of
somebody; running later
than; progressing more
slowly
between [bi'twi:n] — меж­
ду — within two limits, to
and from; common to; among
blam e [bleim] — обви­
нять — to hold responsible;
to lay the fault for
border ['boida1] — грани­
ца — an outer side; a
frontier; a boundary between
two countries
brevity [' breviti] — крат­
кость — shortness; сравни­
те: B revity is the house of
wisdom (Edward Lear) —
краткость — сестра талан­
та
bribe [braib] — взятка —
a secret g ift (usually of
money) offered to a person
133
brief [bri:f] — краткий —
lasting a short time; instruc­
tion for an operation; to
summarize; to inform
bring [brig] — приносить;
to carry; to lead; to cause to
come; to institute; to prefer;
to win over to a new point of
view; to produce; to restore
broad [braid] — широкий
— fu ll and clear, general,
not detailed; not narrow; of
great width; easily under­
standable
brutal ['bru:tl] — грубый,
жестокий — plain and direct
with no regard fo r feeling;
cruel
campaign [kaem'pein] —
кампания — any organised
attempt or attack to win
public support
century ['sentjuri] — сто­
летие — a period o f a hund­
red years
challenge ['tj'aelmdg] —
вызов — a calling in
question; somethhing that
tests a person’ s qualities;
an initiative to play a game
134
chamber ['tjeimba1] — па­
лата; камера — a legislative
or judicial body; a large room
or hall used fo r meetings; a
compartment or cavity
cheer [ф у ] — одобрять,
радоваться — to shout for
joy; to applaud by shouts; to
fill with gladness, hope and
comfort
choice [tjois] — выбор —
the act of choosing or select­
ing
to choose (chose, chosen)
[tju:z], [tJVuz], [tJVuzn] —
выбирать — to select bet­
ween alternatives; to make
a choice; to select from a
number of things
circumstance ['sa^ka-ms-
tons] — обстоятельство, слу­
чай; an essential fa ct or
detail; the particular ele­
ment d irectly a ffe c tin g a
matter; chance; case; fate
civil ['sivil] — граждан­
ский, цивильный; relating
to a community or citizens;
conforming to normal stan­
dards o f politeness; legally
determined
Politics ^Л
claim [kleim] — требо­
вать — to demand as a right;
to call out; to need; to want
to be done
collapse [k^'laeps] — раз­
рушение, упадок — falling
down; a breaking to pieces;
a failure o f plans; a mental
or physical breakdown
commit [kar'init] — совер­
шать to be guilty of; to put
in its last place; to bind, to
pledge; to compromise
common ['кэтэи] — об­
щий — belonging or relat­
ing to more than one, to the
public; ordinary, usual; se-
cond-rate
complete [ka^m'pli:t] —
полный, всеобъемлющий
— with nothing missing or
lacking; absolute, entire; to
complete — завершить —
to finish, to make up a desired
amount
conceal [k^n'siil] — скры­
вать, утаивать — to keep
secret; to hide; to cover
concept ['konsa'pt] — по­
нятие, общее представле­
 I Politics
ние — a thought or opinion,
general idea
condition [ka4i'dij>n],
[kan'dijn] — условие — mode
or state o f existance; state
o f health; circumstances;
social rank
co n firm [k34i'f^:m ] —
подтверждать — to make
stronger or more persistent;
to establish the truth; to
ratify; to make definite
conquest ['koqkwest] —
завоевание — som ething
won or acquired by physical
or moral victory; the act of
conquering a country or
people
contemporary [k^n'tem-
рэтэп] — современный —
belonging to the time;
modern
continue [k34i'tinu:] —
продолжаться, длиться —
to go on with; to prolong; to
take up again; to remain in
a given place or condition
contradiction [kontra^-
'dikjn] — противоречие; оп­
ровержение — opposition,
135
a contradicting statement;
on the contrary
contribute [ka-n'tribjuit]
— способствовать, вносить
вклад — to g ive together
with others; for a common
purpose; to supply; to give
a share; to help to b rin g
something about
council ['kaunsl], ['kauns^l]
— совет, организация — a
consultative or advisory as­
sembly; a body elected or
appointed to advise or legis­
late fo r a term; an assembly
o f authorities
course [ko:s] — курс — a
line of conduct; any of the
successive parts of a meal;
ordinary sequence; moving
from one point to another;
a direction of travel
creditable ['kreditabl] —
похвальный* делающий
честь — quite good, more
than satisfactory
crown [kraun] — корона
— a royal headdress of
precious metal or jewels; an
emblem; the monarch him-
136
self; a reward; the top of the
head
crush [кгл]-] — давить,
подавлять — to damage or
spoil by pressure; to reduce
to a powder or to small pieces
under pressure; to become
crumpled
daily ['deili] — ежеднев­
ный — every day
dash [dsej] — бросать;
разбивать; тире — to smash,
to shatter; to go in a great
hurry; a rush sudden move­
ment; a punctuation mark
(-)
datum ['deitara] — data
(pi) [ deita^] — данные — a
known fact; a starting point
from which an essay is made
to deceive [di'si:v] — об­
манывать — not to tell the
truth; to mislead; to break
faith with smth.; to make
someone believe what is
false
decision [di'si3 n] — реше­
ние — resolution, a result
o f making up one’ s mind; a
summary of facts
Politics ДР
to d eclare [di'kleæ ] —
объявлять, провозглашать
— to make known publicly;
to announce; to a ffirm or
protest strongly
deed [di:d] — действие,
дело — an act, something
done; actual performance; a
w ritten or printed agree­
ment, contract
defence [di'fens] — защи­
та — preparation to meet
attack; the act o f resisting
attack
deliver [di'livjr] — достав­
лять, вручать — to trans­
port som ething to an ad­
dress; to fulfil a promise; to
pronounce a speech; to speak
out
denominate [di'nomineit]
— определять, называть;
— to give a name; to state;
to define
deny [di'nai] — отрицать
— to refuse, to say no, to
declare to be untrue
derivation [deri'veijn] —
источник, происхождение
— an origin, source; a basic
J//^Politics^
statement; the formation of
a word, the act of tracing
disfavour ['drs'feiva1] —
немилость — the state of
being out of favour; dislike,
disapproval
dissolution [ ldis3Jlu:J‘3,n],
[dis^'luijn] — растворение,
роспуск — breaking up some­
thing; the ending o f work;
passing away, disappearan­
ce; the liquidation of a busi­
ness
divide [di'vaid] — делить
— to separate; to share; to
deal out; to put into separate
groups
division [di'vi35rn] — деле­
ние, разделение — a distri­
bution, a sharing; a section
Of a larger group; lack of
harmony, disagreement; a
special purpose formation
elaborate [i'iæbareit] —
разрабатывать в деталях
— to work out in detail; to
make or develop with care;
to go into details about a
matter
elect [i'lekt] — выбирать,
избирать — to choose by
137
voting, to decide on a course
o f action
elevate ['eliveit] — под­
нимать, возвышать — to
raise to a higher level; to
raise in rank or dignity; to
raise in price, importance;
to raise to a higher moral or
intellectual level
embassy ['embsrsi] — по­
сольство — an official mis­
sion or delegation, which
represents one country in
another at the highest diplo­
matic level; residence of the
head of such mission
enemy ['enimi] — враг —
a hostile nation; a person
who brings another ill w ill
and actively works or fights
agaisnt him; someone who
opposes or works against
enforce [in'fois] — при­
нуждать — to press to do
som ething; to im pose by
force; to give strength to; to
make smb. do something by
force
enjoin [m'd30in] — при­
казывать — to impose as a
rule, order or duty; to
138
command, to order; to forbid
or restrain
enlarge [in'la:d3 ] — рас­
ширяться, увеличиваться
— to make bigger; to expand;
to become bigger; to speak
or write more fu lly about
en/sure [in'jW ] — стра­
ховать — гарантировать
— to make certain of gett­
ing or achieving
en/title [in'taitl] — озаг­
лавливать, давать право —
to g ive a title to; to g ive
someone a right
envious ['envies] — зави­
стливый — feeling, show­
ing or promted by envy
equal ['i:kwa4] — рав­
ный, равноправный — the
same in number , degree or
oth er standard; w ith no
advantage on either side;
without domination; equiva­
lent
event [ 1'vent] — событие,
случай, происшествие — an
occurrence notable as being
an exception to routine; a
separate item in a program
Politics I
ex/change [iks'tjeind3 ] —
обмен, размен — the g iv ­
ing or receiving of one thing
in return for something else;
a thing given in return for
something else; the price of
one country’ s money in the
currency o f another
excuse [iks'kjuiz] — изви­
нять — to forgive, overlook;
to release someone from an
obligation, undertaking or
duty; to free from blame
fa ith [fe i0] — вера —
trust, confidence; complete
acceptance o f a truth which
cannot be demonstrated or
proved
favour ['feiva1] — благо­
склонность, покровитель­
ство — an act of kindness;
the condition o f being ap­
proved or liked; support,
help
figh t [fait] — бой, драка
— a battle, a physical
s tru g g le fo r v ic to r y ; an
e ffo r t to overcom e some­
thing
folk [fa-uk] — народ — a
great mass of common people
 I Politics
that make up a nation; people
as belonging to a class
follow ['fola4i] — следо­
вать — to go or come after;
to succeed in order of time;
to result from; to act in ac­
cordance with; to pay atten­
tion to; to take an interest
in and make a study o f
force [fo :s] — сила —
physical strength; mental or
moral strength; the power
and might
forecast ['fD:ka:st] — про­
гноз, предсказание — some­
thing predicted; to predict
on the basis o f scientific
observation
foresee [fo:'si:], [f^'si] —
предвидеть — to have a
vision of; to take measures
in advance; to forecast
found, foundation ['faund],
[faun'deijam] — основать,
основание — to originate,
to establish, to begin the
building of, to base
free [fri:] — свободный
— not reserved or occupied;
spontaneous, voluntary;
139
open to all without restric­
tions, not limited, not cap­
tive, at liberty
fu lfil [ful'fil] — осущ е­
ствлять, исполнять — to
carry out; to complete, to
accomplish; to prove true;
to realize
glory f'gbri] — слава —
praise, fame, adoration;
particular distinction
govern/ment ['gAvnment]
— правительство — a rul­
ing authoritative control; a
dominant authority; a group
o f people/ministers
guilty ['gilti] — винова­
тый, виновный — having
commited an offense, show­
ing guilt
headline ['hedlain] — за­
головок — the name, the
title
hesitate ['heziteit] — ко­
лебаться, стесняться — to
pause before acting; to be
indecisive; to pause repeat­
edly when speaking
hold [hanild] — держать,
задерживать — to have in
140
one’ s hands; to keep in the
ground place, in a certain
position or condition; to
keep control; to detain; to
contain
honour ['эпэ'] — честь —
conventional respect fo r a
person o f high rank; special
ceremony to express public
respect; a w om an’ s good
reputation
impose [im'paniz] — вы­
нуждать — to force others
to receive oneself as guest,
companion; to use superior
strength or authority
incline [in'klain] — скло­
нять, наклонять — to bend,
to bow; to change the posi­
tion from vertical or hori­
zontal
incompetence [in'kompi-
t34is] — некомпетентность
— not knowing the fact; be­
ing unaware o f something;
a lack o f information
indefinite [m'definit] —
неопределенный, неогра­
ниченный — not lim ited,
not clearly stated
P o litic s J ^
independence [ (indi'pen-
daris] — независимость —
an autonomy; without control
or domination by another
power; freedom
indiffrence [m'difa-rans]
— безразличие, равноду­
шие — lack o f interest or
feeling; unimportance; show
of no response, neutral
indirect [^ndi'rekt] — не­
прямой, побочный — not
following the shortest way;
round about; not going
straight to the point; oblique
inequality [^nii'kwoliti] —
неравенство — lack of
equality, regularity, un­
evenness; a variation from
the norm
influence ['influaiis] —
влияние, воздействие — a
person’ s indirect power over
men, events, things;
ingratitude [in'graetitju:d]
— неблагодарность — lack
o f ability to thank; lack of
gratitude; ill-bred
injustice [in'd3 AStlS] —
несправедливость — unfair­
 I Politics
ness, violation o f juistice; a
wrong law
insist [in'sist] — настаи­
вать, утверждать — to repeat
a request; to demand; to
prove to do something; to
point out
insult ['insAlt] — оскорб­
ление — a remark or act
showing contempt, rude­
ness, very impolite; vulgar,
unpleasant
intent [in'tent] — намере­
ние, цель — aim, purpose,
ambition, will, desire, wish,
the main idea; problem
intermediate [inta'Vmiid-
ja^t] — промежуточный —
between two things, events,
extremes; average, in the
middle of; neither good nor
bad
interrupt [int^'rApt] —
прерывать, препятство­
вать — to stop abruptly but
briefly, to make a break in
something; to interfere in
ноте action;
intolerant [in'tolaraTit] —
нетерпимый — unfriendly,
hostile towards somebody;
141
unable to endure, stand; un­
willing to put up with some­
thing
intrude [in'truid] — втор­
гаться, навязываться — to
enter, break in; to force in an
unwelcome way; to attack
invade [in'veid] — втор­
гаться — to enter a country
by armed force; to intrude
upon; to make an invasion
ir re g u la r [i'regjula-] —
неправильный, ненормаль­
ный — not regular, not fo l­
lowing a pattern or sequence;
asymmetrical; abnormal
issue ['isju:], ['ijju:] — из­
дание, выход, выпуск — a
publishing or givin g out; an
outcome, result; a question
under dispute or discussi­
on; a matter o f concern
item ['aita^m] — пункт,
параграф, статья — a piece
o f news; a single article,
unit, feature in a list,
account, collection
judicial [djui'diJVl] — су­
дебный, законный — of the
administration of justice or
o f acts or persons associated
142
with it; use o f the power and
process of critical judgement
kidnap ['kinaep] — похи­
щать, насильно увозить —
to take away and hold a
person by force; to racket
king [kirj] — король — a
male monarch, the chief
person; a magnate
let [let] — позволять;
пускать — to permit; to put
at the temporary disposal in
return fo r rent; to become
violent in action or speech;
to set free or allow to leave
liberate ['libareit] — ос­
вобождать — to change the
status of ownership; to set
free, to release
liberty ['lib^ti] — свобо­
да — the condition of being
free to choose, the right to
do as one pleases; unemploy­
ed, not busy
loan [1этдп] — заем — the
lent money on condition that
it is returned with or with­
out interest; a lending,
permission to use
low [ 1эч1] — низкий — at
or near the bottom of some
Politics I
real or im agined scale o f
measurement (moral or
social values or ranking);
small in number or amount
magazine [,таедэ^ zi:n] —
журнал — a periodical
publication o f writings by
d iffe re n t authors, often
illustrated and with adver­
tisements
matter [ meeta-J — дело;
вещество — a circumstance,
issue; a trouble, difficulty; a
substance which any physi­
cal thing is composed of
meaning [ mi:niq] — зна­
чение — that which is in­
tended; conveying emotion
expressive
member [ memb^] — член
— a person who belongs to a
group or organization; a part
of the body
mention [ menjn] — упо­
минать — to refer to some­
thing; to cite the name o f a
person; to speak; to speak
about .*
mess [mes] — беспоря­
док, неприятность — a state
of disorder; an unpleasant,
 I Politics
troubling situation or con­
dition
might [mait] — могуще­
ство — power, strength;
one’ s utmost force
military [ militari] — во­
енный — involving the arm­
ed forces or warfare
miserable [ гшгэтэ'Ы] —
жалкий — extremely un­
happy, poor or worthless
misery [ mrza^ri] — нище­
та — extreme unhappiness
or suffering; wretchedness
due to poverty
misunderstand [ miSAnd.T-
stsend] — неправильно по­
нять — to interpret incor­
rectly, w rongly; not to get
proper sym pathy or appre­
ciation
misuse [ mis ju:s] — зло­
употребление — incorrect
use; to treat wrongly or
badly
mock [rmk] — издевать­
ся — to ridicule; to imitate
in order to ridicule; to dis­
appoint; to express disap­
pointment
143
modify [ modifai] — из­
м енять — to change; to
make less extreme
moot [mu:t] — спорный
— open to argument, un­
certain; no longer a matter
of practical importance
navy [ neivi] — военно-
морской флот — a state’ s
ships o f war, the organiza­
tio n and m anpow er o f a
state’ s force for war at sea
neglect [ni glekt] — заб­
росить, запустить — to fail
to perform ; to fa il to care
for; to fail to attend to, dis­
regard
negotiate [ni дэ-ufieit], [ni-
g^ujjeit], [ni дз-usieit] — вес­
ти переговоры — to discuss
something in order to reach
an agreement, confer; to do
business
next [nekst] — следую ­
щий — nearest in space;
ranking second; closest to
nobility [пэч1 biliti] —
знать, знатные люди — a
noble class; the quality or
state o f being magnanimo­
us, generous
144
now [паи] — сейчас — at
the present tim e; without
delay; immediately
null [пл1] — недействи­
тельный — having no force
in law; relating to zero
object [ obd3ikt], [ obd3^kt]
— предмет, объект — a body
or thing; an aim or purpose;
a person or thing exciting
attention or emotion
objection [jrbd 3 ekj>n] —
возражение — an act o f
objecting, a feeling of oppo­
sition; resistance
obsess [э-b ses], [ob ses] —
преследовать — to occupy
or engage the mind o f some­
one to an inordinate degree;
to follow step by step
obstacle fabstakl] — пре­
пятствие — an obstuction,
prevention, difficulty, prob­
lem
obvious [ obvia's], [ Dbvja's]
— очевидный, ясный —
self-evident, not requiring
proof or demonstration; easi­
ly seen; attracting immedi­
ate attention
Politics л
omit [ЭЧ1 mit], [э-"mit] —
пропускать — to fa il to do
something, to neglect; not
to pay attention at
onlook er [ эп,1икз*] —
случайный свидетель — a
passive spectator, witness
o pin ion |> pinja'n] —
мнение — a point o f view;
a mental estimate; a belief
or conviction; a formal ex­
pression o f thought
opposite [ opa'Zit], [opa’Sit]
— противополож ны й —
contradictory, contrary; con­
trast; utterly different
oppression [> prejVn],
[o preJbTl] — притеснение,
угнетение — a set of circum­
stances causing to feel men­
tally or spiritually burdened
or physically suffering
outbreak [ autbreik] —
взрыв, вспышка — a sud­
den violent bursting out; an
insurrection
o u tbu rst [ autba^st] —
взрыв, поток — a violent
emotional fit; an eruption
outlook [ autluk] — миро­
воззрение — a prospect or
 | Politics
view ; a way o f looking at
things
overdo [^u v^ du:] — зай­
ти слиш ком далеко — to
exaggerate, carry too far; to
make too great a display
overhear [^ u v ^ hia\J —
подслушать — to hear a
conversation accidentally
participant [pa: tisipant]
— участник — someone
who takes part or has a share
in some activity
partake [pa: teik] — при­
нимать участие — to take
or receive a share in
predominate [pri domineit]
— господствовать, преобла­
дать — to lead in quality or
status; to be most frequent
prevail [pri veil], [ргэ^ veil]
— преобладать, успешно
бороться — to be victorio­
us; to be the chief characte­
ristic, predominate; to be
widespread or current
prison [ prisn] — тюрьма
— a building used to hold
offenders or suspects await­
ing trial, or enemy captives
145
proclaim [ p m kleim] —
провозглаш ать — to an­
nounce publicly or o ffic ia l­
ly; to declare officially
prohibit [рггг hibit], [prani-
hibit] — запрещать — to
prevent or make impossib­
le; to forbid with authority
puppet [ рлрй] — мари­
онетка — a small model of
a human being or an animal
with mobile limbs control­
led by strings or wires
purpose [ pa-ipa's] — на­
мерение, цель — a desire to
obtain result which is kept
in mind in perform ing an
action
pursue [pe sju:] — пре­
следовать — to follo w in
order to capture or over­
take; to engage in; to go on
talking about
push [риП — толчок,
pushing [ pujiq] — предпри­
имчивый — stim ulating;
aggressively self-assertive
quandary [ kwonda-Ti] —
затруднение — a dilemma,
a state of uncertainty
146
quash [kwoj-] — аннули­
ровать — to annul; to put
down
queen [kwi:n] — короле­
ва — the w ife of a king; a
female monarch
quell [kwel] — подавлять,
сокрушать — to'crush, to
suppress; to overcome
rage [reidg] — гнев —
uncontrolled anger; intense
emotion, passion
rank [гагдк] — ряд, ше­
ренга — line or row of per­
sons or things; social posi­
tion
ransom [ ransom] — вы­
куп — money paid or de­
manded for the release of a
person held captive; a relea­
se by payment of this money
rebu ff [ribAfj — давать
отпор — to reject; to give
proper answer; to act quick­
ly and reasonably
recede [ri: si:d] — отсту­
пать, удаляться — to be­
come more distant; to slope
backwards, to draw back
Politics I
recent [ ri:snt] — недав­
ний — not long before the
present
reconciliation [^eka^nsili-
eijn] — примерение — reach­
ing a compromise, agree­
ment about differences
redress [ri dres] — возме­
щение; восстановливать;
заглаживать обиду — to
put right; to readjust
refer [ri f^:] — ссылаться
— to turn for information; to
direct to a source of informa­
tion
refuge [ refju:d3] — убе­
жище — shelter or protec­
tion from danger, distress
or d iffic u lty , a person or
place offerin g protection
refigee [,refju: d3i] — бе­
женец — a person who flees,
escapes or must hide
refuse [ri Quiz] — отка­
зать — to decline to accept;
to be unable to do some­
thing; to make a refusal; to
reject
reign [rein] — господ­
ствовать — to hold royal
 I Politics
o ffic e ; to be monarch; to
prevail, to be predominant
reject [ri d3ekt] — отказы­
вать — to refuse to accept;
to be unacceptable, to dec­
line; rejection [ri dgekjn] —
отказ, отклонение — a re­
jectin g or being rejected;
something rejected
reluctance [ri Ukt^ns] —
нежелание — an emotional
or mental opposition to a
course o f action
renew [ri nju:] — возоб­
новлять — to make new
again or as if new; to begin
again after an interval of
time; to revive; to make valid
for a further period
repeal [ri pi:l] — отмена
— delete, crossing out; re­
moving from; abolition;
delay, neutralization
represent [,repri zent] —
представлять — to point
out, to act on behalf of; to
be the delegate of; to be a
symbol for, to correspond to
resist [ri zist] — сопро­
тивляться — to oppose a
147
physical force; to protect
from change
restrain [ris trein] — сдер­
живать, удерживать — to
prevent from doing some­
thing; to set limits to; to re­
press emotions
restriction [ris trikjn] —
ограничение — keeping
within certain limits; avoi­
dance o f exaggeration,
shocking effects in any form
o f expression
resume [ri zju:m] — во­
зобновлять — to take back
or again; to begin again; to
go back to using; to sum up
retain [ri tern] — удержи­
вать, сохранять — to keep
in one’ s memory, in one’ s
control; to keep securely in
place
retreat [ri tri:t] — отсту­
пать, уходить,ретировать­
ся — to avoid dangers and
d iffic u ltie s o f life tem po­
rarily; to withdraw for peace,
safety; to hide fo r a while
revenge [ri vend3 ] —
месть, мстить — to avenge,
148
vindict; a desire to in flict
injury in return for an injury
suffered
rig h t [rait] — правый,
исправлять — true, logical­
ly sound; correct; suitable;
to set in a proper position;
to put back to balance; to
return to a correct position
rig id [ ridgid] — суро­
вый, жесткий — in fle x i­
ble; strongly resisting de­
formation; s tiffly set
royal [ гэЫ ] — королев­
ский — relating or belong­
ing to the fam ily o f a king
or queen; v e ry im posing,
splendid, majestic
satisfy [ saetisfai] — удов­
летв ор я ть — to p ro vid e
what is required, needed; to
cause to be happy or free
from some desire
search [sa-itf] — поиски
— an investigation in order
to find something, gain in­
formation
seldom [ seldom] — ред­
ко — not often, rarely; some­
times
Politics I
self-criticism [ self kriti-
sizm] — самокритика — the
ability to notice weak points
in one’ s own behaviour,
speech, life.
sequence [ siikwaris] —
последовательность,согла­
сование — a succession of
things which are connected
in some way
s e r f [s ^ :f] — раб — a
feudal labourer bound to his
owner or landlord
serfdom [ sa^fd^m] —
рабство — the state or con­
dition o f being a serf; the
practice or in stitu tion o f
having the land with serfs
settle [ setl] — решать;
приводить в порядок — to
determine or decide; come
to agreement about; to put
into order
shatter [ Jaeta-] — расша­
тывать (нервы), разбивать;
расстраивать — to break
into pieces; to destroy com­
pletely or damage greatly
shoot [$u:t], shot [Jot] —
стрелять — to wound or kill
 I Politics
a person or animal with a
bullet, arrow, etc.; to pass
rapidly down, through or
over; to photograph or make
a film
shortage [ Jo:tid3 ] — не­
хватка — lack, too small an
amount or supply
sh u ffle [ Ja A ] 1) шар­
кать, волочить ноги — the
fe et along the ground or
floor; 2) тасовать карты,
подтасовывать факты, хит­
рить — to mix playing cards
so as to rearrange them; to
drag to mix facts so as to
rearrange them
significance [sig nifikans]
— значение, смысл — the
state or quality having
special value or importance;
meaning
sin [sin] — грех — the
w illfu l breaking o f God’ s
law; any offense
situation [,sitju eijn] —
ситуация; м естополож е­
ние — a condition or state
of affairs; a location
slander [ slasnd^] — кле­
вета — any false and insult-
ing statement
149
slap [slaep] — ш лепок,
пощечина — a sharp, quick
blow with the open hand; an
insult, a piece of sharp criti­
cism
slave [sleiv] — раб — a
person who is a property of
another person; a person
who is under the control of
some influence; a serf
slogan [ sloug^i] — л о ­
зунг — a phrase, statement
or motto used by a particu­
lar group; a phrase used in
advertizing
smash [smasj"] — уничто­
жить, разбить — to destroy,
to crush; to break into pieces;
a complete defeat or disaster
smuggle [ sm\gl] — за­
ниматься контрабандой —
to bring, take or transport
secretly goods on which the
required duties have not
been paid
society [sa^ sai^ti] — об­
щество — all people; human
beings as a group; a com­
munity; companionship,
company
solicitation [sa^ ,1isi teijn]
— ходатайство — the prac-
150
tice or an act of begging for,
appealing fo r some help or
assistance
solution [s3^ lu:Jn] — ре­
шение; раствор — method
of answering to a problem;
mixture of two or more sub­
stances
speech [spi:tj] — речь —
the ability to express an
idea, thought, fe elin g by
the use o f spoken words; the
act o f speaking; a way in
which someone speaks
spoil [spoil] — портить
— to ruin, damage or harm
something
spread [spred] — распрос­
транять — to unfold, stretch
out; to cover with a thin
layer o f something; to dis­
trib u te; to extend over a
period o f time
state [steit] — состоя­
ние, положение — the con­
dition o f a person or thing;
государство — a body of
people living together under
one government
strike [straik] — ударять,
поражать — to give a blow
Politics I
to; to come against with
force; to hit, to make an
attack on
substitute [ SAbstitjuit] —
заменять, замещять — to
take the place o f another; to
put in the place of another;
instead of
support [ssr po:t] — под­
держивать — to hold up; to
provide for; to uphold, -er
[sa^ poit^] — сторонник — a
person who supports, aids
or approves
suppose [s? рэтдг] — пред­
полагать, полагать — to
believe to be true; to expect;
to imagine to be possible
supposition [ pSAp2r Z l j n ]
— предположение — a s­
sumption, plan, project; the
act o f supposing
suppress [sa^ pres] — по­
давлять — to crush, to put
down by force; to restrain;
to prevent or forbid the
telling
suprem e [sju: pri:m] —
верховный, высший —
greatest in rank, authority
 | Politics
or power; ultim ate; final,
last
suspect [sa-s pekt] — по­
дозревать — to have doubts
about; to consider possible,
true, likely; to think some-
one guilty with little or no
proof
suspicion [s^s pijn] —
подозрение — a feeling or
impression; a slight trace or
suggestion
target [ ta:git] — цель,
мишень — an object that is
aimed at in shooting prac­
tice or competition; any­
thing that is the object of
any attack
ta x [tseks] — н алог —
money that must be paid by
people for the support of the
government
threat [Bret] — угроза —
an expression o f the inten­
tion to in flict punishment,
harm or pain; a person or
th ing th at is a source o f
misfortune, danger or harm
today [t^ dei] — сегодня
— the present day, nowa­
days, currently
151
troop [tru:p] — войска,
толпа — a group of persons;
members of the armed forces
as a group
true [tru:] — верный, пра­
вильный — correct; real;
genuine; loyal; rightful
ultimate [ Altimit] — пос­
ледний — final, coming to
an end; greatest possible
undersign [ Anda^ sain] —
u n derw rite [ Anderait] —
подписаться — to put one’ s
signature under the docu­
ment; to agree to do some­
thing; to ensure
unequal [ лп iikwa^l] —
неравный — not the same;
unfair; not fit or qualified;
uneven.
unfair [ лп fea] — неспра­
ведливый — not just; not
following accepted rules or
standards
ungrounded [ лп graundid]
— необоснованный — with­
out basis in fact or reality;
not educated;
unify [ ju:nifai] — объе­
динять, унифицировать —
152
-------------------- =зр----------------
to unite; to combine or make
into a whole
union [ junja^n] — союз,
объединение — an associa­
tion; the act o f uniting
unite [ju: nait] — объеди­
нять — to bring or put toge­
ther; to join together
unjust [ лп d3 ASt] — не­
справедливый — unfair;
not moral, not just
unveil [лп v e il] — от­
крыть тайну, снимать заве­
су — to remove a covering
from; to remove a veil
upper [ лрэ'] — верхний
— higher
vain [vein] — пустой —
empty; not successful or e f­
fective
vanguard [ vasnga:d] —
авангард — the part o f an
army that moves ahead of
the main force; the leading
position
venture [ ventjVJ — рис­
кованное предприятие —
an affair that demands some
risk or danger; a guess with­
out real calculation
________________ Politics
victim [ viktim] — жертва
— a person who is injured,
killed or ruined; who is
cheated or tricked
victory [ viktari] — побе­
да — the defeat of an op­
ponent or enemy
violation ^vaia1 leijn] —
нарушение; насилие —
tre a tin g d isresp ectfu lly ;
disturbing, interrupting
vote [v34it] — голосовать;
вотум — to decide, accept or
establish by a vote; to elect
w a r [w o:] — война —
armed conflict between
nations, a state o f hostility
without arms or weapons
warn [wo:n] — предосте­
регать, предупреждать —
to draw the attention of
somebody to the probable
result of an act; to inform
beforehand
weapon [ wepn], [ wepan]
— оружие — any instru­
ment used for figh ting; any
means o f attack or defense
w ill [wil] — воля, жела­
ние — moral strength or
 | Politics
energy; determination; the
facility of determining one’s
actions; wish, desire
witness [ witnis] — свиде­
тель — a person who has
observed a certain event;
something taken as evidence
withdraw [wi5 dra:] (with­
drew, withdrawn) [wi5 dru:],
[wi6 drain] — отзывать, от­
водить назад, удаляться —
153
to take away, to remove; to
take back, to retract; to
leave, to retire
wrangle [ raeqgl] — спо­
рить — to argue; to quarrel
noisily; to speak loudly or
shout while proving some­
body
yesterday [ jesta-dei],
[ jest^di] — вчера — the day
which proceded today
 TR A V ELLIN G

aboard [>'bo:d] — на бор­ air+field/drom — аэро­

ту, на корабле; my friend дром;
was aboard the last ship go­ air +man — летчик;
ing to Amsterdam air+plane — самолет;
abrupt {VbrApt] — кру­ air+pocket — воздушная
той, обрывистый; резкий, яма — A condition in the
отрывистый; sudden, un­ atmosphere, usually a partial
expected, rougn [rAf], disc­ vacuum, which makes an
onnected airplane in flight drop sud­
denly.
again [Vgen], [Vgein] —
air+hole — воздушная
снова, опять; once more;
яма;
the same quantity in additi-.
on; one more time
ago [Vgani] — тому назад
Всегда следует за сло­
вом, которое определяет:
long ago; a year ago
air [еэ^] — воздух;
air+Ballon — аэростат;
air+base — авиабаза;
a ir+ b rid g e — воздуш ­
ный мост;
 | Travelling 155

air+raid — воздушный service by a waiter, a shop-

налет;
air+ship — дирижабль;
Air+space — воздушное
пространство;
A ir + s t r ip — взлетно-
посадочная полоса
already [oil'redi] — уже;
сравните: all+ready; by this
time; before a particular
moment
ancient ['einjVnt] — древ­
ний; antique; old — fashion­
ed; very old; belonging to
times long past
arrive [Vraiv] — прибы­
вать — to come to a place;
to end a journey; to appeare;
to come on the scene
assistant; the need to listen
to; act o f politeness
a/way [Vw ei] — далеко
— far, at a distance; in a
d iffe re n t direction; at an
end; continuously
b a rb a ria n [Ьа:'Ьеэт1ЭЧ1]
— варвар — u n civ ilize d
person; uncultured person
before [bi'fo:] — перед,
до, прежде чем — in front
of, ahead of; earlier than;
sooner in time than
bell [bel] — колокол, ко­
локольчик — an empty cup­
shaped instrum ent which
makes a ringing sound

to ascend |Vsend] — вос­

ходить, подниматься — to
go up; to come up; to rise
from a lower degree or level;
to climb

astonish [^s'tonij] —
удивлять — to shock; to
astonish w ith amazement
or wonder

atten tio n [V te n jn ] —
внимание — mental concen­
tration; notice something;
156 Travelling |

belong [bi'bq] — принад­

лежать, относиться — to
have a rightful place; to be a
member of; to be classified
with

bridge [brid3 ] — мост —

a structure carrying a road
over a river, railroad

bus [b\s] — автобус — a

large public passenger vehicle;
serving fixed routes
camp [kaemp] — лагерь
— a place where people live
in tents, barracks or huts;
a holiday resting centre for
children
capital ['kaepitl] — столи­
ца — main city; chief city;
big letters in the ABC
castle [ ka:sl] — замок,
дворец — a palace, a fortress
check [tjek] — контроль,
проверка; багажная кви­
танция — to arrest; to con­
trol; to restrain the prog­
ress of motion; to vertify the
correctness
church [tjVitj-] — цер­
ковь — a particular place of
Christians; a building fo r
C astle
Christian worship; baptized
Christian men and women
circus ['sa^ka^s] — цирк
— the entertainment made
up of acts including perform­
ing animals, horseback
riders, acrobats, clowns;
the arena with seats around
it in which the show is
performed; the persons and
animals making up the show
clim b [klaim ] — взби­
раться, карабкаться вверх
— to go up; to rise to a higher
point; to rise in social rank
or reputation
coast [kanist] — побере­
жье, морской берег — the
 I Travelling
seashore, the land border­
ing the sea
come [к л т ] — п ри хо­
дить — to appear; to arrive;
to happen; to occur; to occur
to the mind; to be born; to
result; to pretend to be
corner ['кэ:пэ\] — угол —
the point or place of meet­
ing; the angle formed by the
m eeting o f two streets; a
distant place; a secret place
country ['клпіхі] — стра­
на; деревня — a political
C ircus
157
state; a region or district
w ith reference to geogra­
phical or esthetic features;
regions o f woods and fields
as opposed to towns
crowd [kraud] — толпа —
a large number o f people
collected together; a clique,
sect
current ['клгэчи] — по­
ток, текущий — a mass of
water m oving in a certain
direction; the stream; of the
present time; in general use
custom ['kAstarn] — обы­
чай, привычка — a habit; a
generally accepted practice;
convention; something made
usually
delay [di'lei] — отсрочка,
задержка — an unexpected
lapse of time; failure to make
something; postponing
to depart [di‘pa:t] — ухо­
дить, уезжать — to go away,
to set o ff, to leave, to set out
d ifferen t ['difa-rant],
['difr^nt] — разный, различ­
ный — not the same, un­
usual, out o f the ordinary
158
dike [daik] — дамба, пло­
тина — a raised bank con­
structed to prevent flood ­
ing, high water; protection
from something
disappoint Ldisa-'point],
['dis^'point] — расстраи­
вать, разочаровывать — to
break a promise; to fail to
come up to the expectation;
to frustrate
disaster [di'zaista^] — бед­
ствие — an event causing
great loss and suffering to
people; a great or sudden
misfortune, a fiasco
district ['distrikt] — рай­
он — a p olitical or geog-
D isaster
Travelling |
raphical division of a city,
state; a region
downstream ['daun'stri:m|
— вниз по течению — in
the direction o f the flow of
a river or stream, nearer to
the mouth o f the river
downtown ['daun'taun] —
деловая часть города — in
the business area of a city;
the main business area of
the city
drive ( drove, d riven )
[draiv], [draniv], [drivn] —
ехать на автомобиле, уп ­
равлять — to control the
course; to convey in a
vehicle; to hit or push in
some direction; to activate;
to cause to work hard
embank [im'baeqk] — ог­
раждать дамбами — to en­
close or protect with a rais­
ed bank o f earth, stone
embankment [lm'basqk-
marit] — насыпь, дамба,
плотина — a raised bank of
earth,stone
e/norm/ous [I'noim^s] —
огромный — v e ry great,
huge, gigantic
 I Travelling
escape [is'keip] — убе­
жать — to get free; to disap­
pear; to run away; to find
release from worries, troub­
les; to avoid, to keep safe
from
excursion [iks'ka^Jn] —
экскурсия — a short pleasure
trip; a pleasant hiking trip;
to walk about; to go sight­
seeing; a tour
exploration [,ekspb: reijn]
— исследование, покоре­
ние — a trip or voyage
through an unknown or little
known region in order to
add to man’ s knowledge; a
searching, an investigation
far [fa:] — далеко — at a
considerable distance; very
distant, remote
159
foreign ['form] — иност­
ранный — com ing fro m
some country outside; not
of one’s own country or race;
introduced from outside
form [fo:m ] — форма,
бланк; класс — shape, out­
ward appearance; a variety,
manifestation, example; a
document with blank spaces
for information to be w rit­
ten in; a class in a school
go [gam] — идти, ехать
— to be in motion, to move
with a special purpose, aim;
to leave, to disappear, to
escape
happen [Ъагрэт1] — слу­
чаться, происходить — to
take place; to occur spon­
tan eou sly; to chance; to
find or meet by chance
h arb ou r ['haiba^] — га­
вань; убежище — a bay or
inlet o f quiet water protec­
ted from stormy waves by
man-made or natural walls;
a place o f refuge; shelter
high [hai] — высокий,
возвышенный — great in
degree; at a large distance
160 Travelling |

above; occupying an impor­

tant position; noble; at the
zenith, top

hike [haik] — прогулка

пешком — to walk a long
way for pleasure in the open
country

huge [hju:d3 ] — огром­

ный, громадный — extreme­
ly large, enormous, super,
extra
indistinct [jindis'tirjkt] —
неотчетливы й, смутный
— d ifficu lt to see or hear;
not clear; vague, slight;
confused
initial [I'nija^l] — старто­
вый, первоначальный —
at the very beginning; show­
ing the firs t letter or syll­
able; the fir s t le tte r o f a
personal name
inquire [in'kwaia'-] — осве­
домляться, наводитьсправ­
ки — to obtain information
by asking; to ask questions;
to investigate
invisible [in'viza-bl] — не­
видимый — concealed, hid­
den, can’ t be seen because
H u ge
o f its size or nature; very
small
is la n d [ ’aila^nd] — isle
['ail] — остров — a piece of
land, sm aller than a con­
tinent, surrounded by water;
an isolated land, person
ivory ['aivari] — слоновая
кость — the hard creamy-
white dentine of an elephant;
the colour o f ivory; things
made of ivory
jin gle ['d3iqgl] — звонок,
звяканье — a pleasing sound
o f bells in continuous but
unrhythmical combination
journey [^зэчш] — поез­
дка, путешествие — a trip,
a travel, a voyage; a move­
I I Travelling 161

ment over considerable defin ite number o f people

distance from one place to
another
kerb [кэчЬ] — край тро­
туара, обочина — border of
a street pavement
knight [nait] — рыцарь
— a man given the rank of
knighthood by the British
monarch in recognition of
merit; a man o f noble birth;
a m ilitary attendant on a
lord or his lady
leave [li:v] — уезжать,
уходить — to go away, to
depart; to stop staying in
some place
or things
map [тагр] — карта — a
representation in scale,
usually on a fla t surface, of
part o f the whole of the
e a rth ’ s surface, showing
physical, political or other
features
never [ neva-J — никогда
— not at any time, not on
any occasion
observe [a^b za^v] — на­
блюдать, соблюдать — to
look at with attention; to
watch; to come to know by
seeing; to note attentively

lu ggage ['U gid 3 ] — ба­

гаж — suitcases, bags and
trunks fu ll o f a traveler’ s
belongings

mail [m eil] — почта —

the public organization of
the collection and delivery
of correspondence and other
postal m atter; the letters
and parcels sent by this
organization
many [тагпі] — много —
consisting of a large but in­

6 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

162
once [WAns] — однажды,
иногда — on one occasion
only, a single time; form er­
ly; at some time
outline [ autlain] — очер­
тание — lines bounding the
outer limits of a figure; a
scetch; a rough draft of a
plan, scheme of work
overcrowd [^uva- kraud]
— переполнять — more
people or things than it is
desirable or permitted
oversea [ aniva1si:] — за­
морский — pertaining to
countries or people or things
beyond the sea
pace [peis] — шаг, по­
ходка — rate o f travelling;
manner of walking or runn­
ing; a step made in walking
pack [рагк] — упаковы­
вать — to put in a container;
to put things together for a
trip; to assemble, crowd
together; to wrap up
passenger [ passmc^a-] —
пассажир — a person who
travels in a vehicle but is not
a driver nor one o f the crew
Travelling j|
path [pa:0] — тропинка
— a narrow way or trail;
any way or space by which
people may pass; line of
progress
place [pleis] — место —
a particular part o f space or
area on a surface; the
position o f a figure, etc
prehistoric [ pri:hi 'storik]
— доисторический — related
to the period before recor­
ded history, existin g dur­
ing this period
quadrangle [kwo draeqgl],
[kwa^ draeqgl] — четырех­
угольник — a plane figure
with four sides — a square
or rectangle
quite [kw ait] — вполне
— completely, very much;
rath er...; a con siderable
number
ramble [ гагтЫ] — про­
гулк а, бродить — a long
unplanned walk fo r enjoy­
ment
rather [ га:б&] — скорее;
довольно-таки — more exact­
ly; in some measure; most
certainly
 I Travelling 163

reach [ri:tj] — 1) дости­

гать — to arrive at, to get in
touch with; 2) простирать­
ся — to extend, to expand

remain [ri mein] — оста­

ваться — to stay in the
нате place; to continue in a
certain state; to be left
reminiscence [,remi nisns]
- воспоминание — perso­
nal memories of past events;
Homething which is remem­
bered; recalling memories of
past related events
return [ri term] — возвра­
remote [ri manit] — отда­ щаться, возвращение — to
ленный — at a great distan­ go or come back; to occur
ce in space or time, not close­ again; to play back
ly related; out-of-the-way road [ranid] — дорога,
rescue [ reskju:] — спа­ путь — a strip o f cleared
сать, избавлять — to deliver land fo r the passage from
place to place; the way to
from danger, violence; to
get somewhere
release by force; to save
sail [seil] — парус — a
resort [ri zo:t] — курорт
piece of canvas or other cloth
- a place fo r rest to which to catch or reflect the wind
people go usually or fre q ­ and drive a ship along
uently
seaport [ si:po:t] — морс­
rest [rest] — отдыхать — кой порт — a town on a sea
to be motionless; to leave coast having a harbour,
activity, to recover energy; docks and used by seagoing
t<» give a period o f rest ships
164
seek (sought) [si:k]-[so:t]
— искать, разыскивать —
to try to find, to try to obtain,
to ask for, to look for
send [send] — посылать
— to cause somebody to go
to a specified place; to send
a letter to somebody; to
transmit a message
ship [fip] — корабль —
any large seagoing vessel; a
sailing vessel having three
or more masts
shore [Jo:] — побережье,
берег — the land form ing
the edge o f an ocean or sea
sign [sain] — символ,
знак — a lettered board;
Travelling |p
symbol; a motion, gesture,
idea; a warning; a trace
slot [slot] — паз, щель,
прорезь — a narrow straight
opening in a mail box; in any
automatic device
stamp [stemp] — топать
ногами — to strike the feet
forcefully down upon the
ground; почтовая марка —
an officia l mark fo r letters
station [steijn] — место,
станция — a place where
someone or something
stands; a building where a
body o f people work toge­
ther; a place along a route
where trains or buses stop
stay [stei] — оставаться,
останавливаться — to live
in a place fo r a short period
o f tim e; to remain in one
place; to stop fo r a while
steep [sti:p] — 1) крутой;
невероятный — having a
very sharp face or slope; 2)
погружать, погружаться —
to involve deeply or absorb;
to soak in liquid
strange [streind3 ] — не­
знаком ы й, странный —
 |_ Travelling 165

remarkable or odd, unfami­

liar, -er [streindgaf] — незна­
комец — a person with whom
one is not fam iliar; a foreig­
ner, outsider, newcomer

stretch [stretj] — вытя­

гиваться, простираться —
to extend from one place to
nnother; to spread out to
full length or width; to
widen, lengthen or pull out
Of shape by force
subway [ SAbwei] — тун­
нель — an underground
passage or tunnel fo r pedes­
trians
surface [saifis] — поверх­
ность — the upper or outer
part o f a thing; outer appea­
rance
survey [ s^vei] — обзор
- a detailed study or exa-
iii i nation; a general view; a
review
ticket [ tikit] — билет —
n card or a piece of paper
that shows the person who
holds it has the r ig h t to
receive certain services or
privileges
Su bw ay
tower [taua\| — башня —
a tall but narrow structure
rising above a church, castle
or other building
town [taun] — город —
any densely populated place;
a group of houses and private
buildings, larger than a
village but smaller than a
city
traffic [ traefik] — улич­
ное движение, транспорт
— the passage of people and
means of transportation to
and fro; an exchange of
goods fo r profit
train [trein] — поезд — a
connected line o f railroad
cars
166
T ow n
travel [ traevl] — путеше­
ствовать — to make a jour­
ney; to make a tour of; to go
from one place to another
trip [trip] — экскурсия,
путешествие — a light quick
step; the act o f traveling or
going from one place to ano­
ther
underground [^nda- graund]
— подземный; метро —
hidden below the surface of
the earth; secret
unexpected [ Aniks pektid]
— неожиданный — happen­
ing without warning; unfor-
seen
Travelling I
unless On les] — если не
— if not; except on the
condition that
up [лр] — вверх — in,
on, to a higher place
valid [ vælid] — действи­
тельный — based on facts
and evidence, true; e ffe c ­
tive, correct, confirm
valise [va^ li:z] — чемо­
дан — a suitcase; a small
piece o f luggage
van — фургон, вагон —
a large covered truck used
fo r transporting
view [vju:] — 1) вид —
the act o f looking or seeing;
sight; 2) кругозор — a range
of vision; 3) взгляд, мнение
— a particular way of think­
ing about something; a tti­
tude, opinion
village [ vilid3 ] — дерев­
ня — countryside; a group
of houses smaller than a
town
walk [wo:k] — ходить
пешком, прогуливаться —
to move on feet; to travel on
foot; to pass through, over;
 I Travelling
to accompany on fo o t; to
measure a distance by walk-
Ing
waste [weist] — беспо­
лезно тратить, расточать;
отходы — to expend goods,
materials without propor­
tionate result; needless and
excessive consumption; gar­
bage, rubbish, ashes, etc
way [wei] — путь, доро­
ги — the course taken in
gettin g from one place to
к»other; the distance; direc­
tion of movement; the ability
to do something
167
welcom e [ welkAm] —
добро пожаловать, привет­
ствовать — to greet some­
body with signs of pleasure;
to be glad about; to receive
gladly
w o rld [wa^ld] — мир,
свет; мировой — the planet;
the universe; human society;
a recognized part or period
o f human society
zoo [zu:] — зоопарк — a
place where alive animals
are kept in captivity for the
public to see
 admire [aed'mai^] — вос­
хищаться — to express
one’ s good feelings; to look
at somebody with pleasure
or respect
adore |Vd3:] — обожать,
поклоняться; to love; to
like very much; to worship
to affect [a^'fekt] — 1)
воздействовать; 2 )трогать,
поражать; 1) to make an
impression on somebody; to
have an effect on something;
2) to attack; to cause a par­
ticular condition in...
to a/muse [Vmjuiz] — за­
бавлять, развлекать; amu­
sement — entertainment,
pleasant spending o f free
time
appearance [Vpi3T34is]
— внешность, появление;
the act o f apprearing; look­
ing, dressing
to ap plau d |>p'b:d] —
хлопать, аплодировать; to
show approval by clapping;
to demonstrate approval by
clapping
a/shame/d (Vjeim d] —
пристыженный — feeling
shame; dishonour, disgust
to assent [V sent] — согла­
ситься, уступить — to say
«yes»; to accept something;
to agree on/upon something
attitude ['aetitju:d] — отно­
шение — a mental position
au d ien ce ['oidja^ns] —
слуш атели сравните; ау­
диенция; a group of people
assembled to listen to or
watch something; those who
 | A rt 169

read a publication or listen

to a broadcast (rad io); an
official or formal interview

aw ard |Vwo:d] — при­

суждать, награждать; to
give as a prize; to present; to
choose the best; to evaluate
the best; to admit; to value;
to recognize
aware [VwEa'] — осведом­
ленный; informed; having
learnt; conscious [ ’konja^s] — B eau ty
осознающий
background ['baskgraund] hold as one’ s opinion; to be
— фон, задний план — the sure o f
part of the picture against
beloved [bi'Lvvd] — воз­
which the principal figures
лю бленн ы й, в озлю блен ­
иге shown; a person’ s past
ная — much loved; some­
history; any accompanying
one who is dearly loved
noise
bore [bo:] — скучный —
beauty ['bju:ti] — красо­ an u n in terestin g person,
та — physical loveliness; a anything dull
particularly good example
chain [tjein] — цепь, це­
of a thing or specimen
почка — a series of rings or
beau tiful ['bjuita'ful] — links o f metal; an ornamen­
красивый — having beauty, tal set used as a necklace
physically lovely; morally or
choir ['kwai^] — xop — a
intellectually pleasant
group of singing people; to
to believe [bi'hv] — ве­ sing in chorus; a choral
рить — to accept as true; to society
170
clap [klaep] — хлопать —
the sound o f hands struck
together; loud noise
compose [кэтп'рэчдг] —
составлять, компоновать;
to create in music or litera­
ture; to arrange in good
order; to bring under control
considerable [kam'sid^-
гэ'Ы] — значительный —
quite large in amount, extent
or degree; important
contents ['kontents] — со­
держание (pi) — that which
is contained; a summary of
subject treated in a book;
the amount o f a certain sub­
A rt |
stance contained; the volume
o f a solid; the substance,
matter o f a book
cover ['L\v3\| — покры­
вать — to hide; to keep un­
der aim; to stand immedia­
tely behind another man; to
spread over; to protect
financially; to have as one’s
territory
create [kri'eit], [kri:eit] —
создавать, творить — to
bring info being; to make by
applying the imagination in
some artistic technique; to
produce;to incarnate
cue [kju:] — намек — a
hint; an agreed signal
c u ltiv a te ['kAltiveit] —
обрабатывать, в озд елы ­
вать — to prepare land for
crops; to improve, to refine;
to cause to develop
dance [dains], [daens] —
танцевать — set movements
to music, either alone or
with a partner or partners;
a party or social gathering
declaim [di'kleim] — дек­
ламировать — to speak with
too much emphasis; to recite
 Ш Art
publicly in a theatrical
manner
deliberate [di'libarcit] —
обсуждать, обдумывать —
to think out a matter with
proper care; to make or do
intentionally
delight [di'lait] — boc-
i торг, восхищение — great
pleasure, admiration, exal­
tation, adoration
delusion [di'lu^n] — заб­
луж дение, иллю зи я — a
false idea, thought; a wrong
opinion
171
depict [di'pikt] — изобра­
ж ать — to rep resen t by
drawing or painting; to des­
cribe verbally
d escribe [dis'kraib] —
описывать — to draw, to
trace; to qualify; to move in
the outline of; to give a
portrait
design [di'zain] — дизайн,
художественное оформле­
ние — a decorative pattern;
the combination of parts in a
whole; a purpose, intention
dishonesty [dis'onisti] —
обман — fraud, lie, false;a
dishonest act, not honest;
insincere
disillusion [,disi'lu:3 n],
[ ldisi'lu:33'n] — разочарова­
ние — free from illusions,
realistic, true; without
dreams
dislike [dis'laik] — не­
приязнь, не нравиться —
antipathy, to feel an anti­
pathy for; an aversion
dispirit [di'spmt] — удру­
чать, приводить в уныние
— to dishearten, to make
gloomy; to be in a low mood
172
D epict
display [dis'plei] — выс­
тавлять, обнаруживать —
to exhibit; to show; to dis­
close
donation [dani'neijaii] —
дар, пожертвование — a
gift; a sum of money to an
institution or society
dull [cL\l] — скучный —
stupid, slow in understading;
uninteresting; not bright or
vivid, not clear
empty ['empti] — пустой
— unoccupied; vacant;
without nothing in it; with­
out foundation; silly, not
serious
Art I
encrust [in'krAst] — по­
крывать коркой, инкрус­
тировать — to cover with a
coating; to inlay jewels into;
covered with something
engrave [in'greiv] — гра­
вировать — to decorate; to
cut a design or lettering on
something by hand with a
sharp tool; to fix deeply in
the mind, memory
en/rich [in'ritj] — обога­
щать, пополнять — to make
richer in money or goods; to
improve the quality of; to
add a precious ornament to;
to make a valuable addition
to a collection
especial [is'pejVl] — осо­
бенный — particular, out­
standing, exceptional, extra
essential [I'senJVl] — су­
щественный, неотъемле­
мый — necessary, of great
importance; basic, funda­
mental, containing all that
is best or most important in
a thing
estimate ['estimit] — оцен­
ка, смета — a judgement of
size, number, value; a state-
 I Art 173

ment of the cost or change

which would be involved in
и given piece of work, or a
lender to carry it out for a
certain sum o f money
everlasting [eva^'laistiq]
— вечный — constantly
repeated, lasting for ever;
Meemingly without end
exceed [ik'siid] — превы­
шать — to be greater, to go
beyond a proper limit
excitement [ik'saitm^nt]
— возбуждение, волнение terventing in human affairs,
—emotional tension, unba­ usually in order to help
lance; stimulation; impa­ false [fols] — ложный,
tience ошибочный — untrue, lo­
excla im [iks'kleim ] — gically w rong; incorrect,
иосклицать — to cry out in mistaken; not natural
emotion or excitement; to fame [feim] — слава, из­
utter under the stress of вестность, репутация —
Hudden thought or emotion the state o f being widely
exhibit [îg'zibit] — экспо­ known and esteemed; repu­
нировать, выставлять на­ tation
показ — to show, display to famous ['feima's] — изве­
Ilie public; to present, стный, знаменитый — well-
demonstrate known, widely known, cele­
brated
fairy [’feari] — сказоч­
ный; фея — a small super­ fancy ['faensi] — вообра­
natural being capable of in- жение, фантазия — great
174
wish, dream; imagination;
wish to have something,
eager to have
fond [fond] — увлечен­
ный — loving, affectionate,
fo o lis h ly ten d er; ta k in g
pleasure in; having the habit
of
foreground ['fo:graund] —
передний план — the part
of a scene nearest the viewer;
the most noticeable position
gap [gaep] — брешь, про­
бел — an opening or breach
in a wall, fence; a break in
continuity, a pause; a wide
difference in views
great [greit] — великий
— large in size, big; large in
number or extent; a high
degree; specially important,
powerful; favourite, noble;
excellent
hint [hint] — намек, на­
мекать — a slight sugges­
tion; an oblique piece o f ad­
vice; an indirect thought,
mention
hit [hit] — ударять, удар;
успех — to make contact
with; to strike with a blow;
to knock against another; to
hurt emotionally or financi
ally; a popular success
hope [Im ip] — надежда,
надеяться — a confident
expectation; wishful trust;
waiting for something
image ['imidj] — образ —
a mental picture or concept;
a painted or drawn symbol;
a person or thing resembl­
ing another person or thing,
a likeness
impossible [im'posa'bl] —
невозможный — hard to
tolerate, unacceptable, not
possible
incomplete [^nkaWplirt]
— неполный, незавершен­
ный — not fin ish ed , not
done; not full; unfinished
inscription [in'skripJVn]
— надпись — an informal
dedication; words devoted
to somebody; private notes
inspiration [mspi'reijn] —
вдохновение — the creative
impulse o f an artist; desire
or wish to do something; a
supernatural ability of a
person
 A rt
intend [in'tend] — наме-
наться — to have in mind,
think, to make up one’ s
nd; to plan; to have a des-
mtion fo r something
interconnection [inta^k^-
kjn] — взаимосвязь —
nnection of two or more
hings
in te rre la tio n ['inta^ri-
-ijn]— взаимоотношение,
оотношение — having a
close, connection, related to
each other; mutual relation-
nhip
love [Iav] — любовь, ЛЮ-
ить — a powerful emotion,
~ep affection; a great lik-
g, fondness
luxury ['UkjVri] — рое­
шь, излишество — ex-
Love
175
pensive food, clothes, com­
forts; something enjoyable,
relatively costly
m agnificent [mæg nifisnt]
— великолепный — splen­
did, beautiful, admirable,
wonderful
m ajestic [ma^ d3estik] —
величественный — royal,
splendid, magnificent
mark [ma:k] — знак, мет­
ка — a spot, stain, scratch;
something that indicates
the presence o f something
else; an impession or influe­
nce; a cross or other symbol
used as a signature by a
person
m arvel [ marvel] — чудо,
диво — something that causes
astonishment or admiration;
something wonderful
m ere [ mia1] — явный,
простой — pure, unmixed;
average, simple
miracle [ mira-kl] — чудо
— a supernatural event; an
extremery remarkable achie­
vement or event; an unex­
pected piece of luck
176
N aked
movies [ mu:viz] — кино
— entertainment and a
branch o f industry
naked [ neikid] — обна­
женный — without clothes;
uncovered; without decora­
tion; without supplemen­
tary material
noble [ пзчдЫ] — знат­
ный — illustrious by rank
or birth; of high character,
lo fty ideals; im pressive,
splendid, grand in appea­
rance
notable [ nanita'bl] — вы­
дающийся — outstanding,
а п щ
worthy o f note; a prominent
person; a member of an as­
sembly, largely aristocratic
in composition
nude [nju:d] — нагой —
naked; w ithout clothing,
undraped
obsession [э -Ъ sejVn], [ o b
seJVn] — мания — the state
of being completely involv­
ed, obsessed, occupied with
some idea
obstinate [ Dbstinit] — уп­
рямый — stubborn, refus­
ing to concede to reasonable
arguments
op p ortu n ity t^pa^ tju:-
niti], [,opa^ tjunti] — возмож­
ность — possibility, chance;
a set o f circumstances; good
fortune
outstanding [ aut stændiq]
— выдающийся — promi­
nent, great, remarkable; not
yet settled or complete
paint [peint] — рисовать
красками — to create a pic­
ture; to make a vivid des­
cription; to apply cosmetics
to; to practice the art of
creating pictures

part [pa:t] — часть — that
which is less than all; one of
Heveral equal amounts, num­
bers, quantities
particular [p^ tikjula ] —
особенный — unusual, spe­
cial; relating to one thing
singled out among many
passion [ paeJVn] —
страсть, увлечение — violent
emotion; a great liking or
enthusiasm; an outburst of
feelings
piano [ pjasnau] — пиани­
но — a musical instrument
before which the player sits
playing on a horizontal key­
board -
picture [ piktJV] — кар­
тина — a representation or
Piano
177
image on a surface; a perfect
likeness; a mental image,
idea; a situation as a com­
bination of circumstances
please [pli:z], pleasure
[ р1езэ\| — удовольствие —
a general feeling of satis­
faction, enjoyment
plot [plot] — сюж ет —
the plan o f events in a novel
probability [ргэЬз^ biliti]
— вероятность — som e­
thing regarded as probable,
based on the experience
that of two or more possible
effects one tends to predo­
minate
p rod ig y [ prodidgi] —
чудо — a person with extra­
ordinary talents; an amaz­
ing person or child
rapt [raspt] — восхищен­
ный — carried away in ima­
gination from reality
rare [геэ\| — редкий —
seldom, inf requently found;
unusually good, appealing;
delicious
rattle [ raetl] — грохо­
тать; трещать — to produce
178 Art Щ

a rapid line o f short, sharp

sounds
raucous [ roika-s] — хрип­
лый, грубый, рокочущий
— rough- sounding, gra t­
ing, hoarse
ravish [ — восхи­
fecviJ]

щать — to admire, to cause

rapture; to cause exaggera­
ted admiration
reflection [ri flekjn] —
отражение — showing as
an image; being in accor­
dance w ith ; re fle c tin g or
being reflected; an opinion
a rrived at a fte r conside­
ration
rehearse [n ha^s] — репе­
тировать — to practice a
play before perform ing it
for an audience; to enume­
rate the list; to try to act
before performing
reproduce [,ri:p r^ dju:s]
— воспроизводить — to
repeat exactly or very close­
ly; to re-create mentally; to
make a copy by mechanical
means
revival [ri vaiva^l] — воз­
рождение — the reappea­
rance of a past mode; a res­
taging o f a play
ridicule [ ridikju:!] — вы­
смеивать — to laugh at
somebody; to mock with; to
sneer, scoff
row [гэга] — 1) ряд — an
orderly line o f persons or
things; 2) грести — to
propel, to participate in a
race by using oars
screen [skri:n] — экран,
ширма, завеса — anything
givin g protection from ob­
servation; a white surface
on which films, movies are
projected; a shelter or
conceal
 | A rt 179

script [skript] — сцена­ ness; a slight variation,

рий — the printed or w rit­ degree; a place partly shel­
ten text of a play, broadcast tered from the fu ll light or
heat of the sun
seat [si:t] — место, стул
— anything on which one shape [jeip] — очерта­
may sit or sits; a centre of ние, форма — form, em­
some activity bodiment; the way in which
seduce [si dju:s] — соблаз­ an object is seen or felt; the
нять, обольщать — to lead outward appearance of a
aside or away; to persuade a person’ s body
person to act contrary to the sharp [ja:p] — отточен­
principles he normally ный; резкий ; я зв и т е л ь ­
follows ный; четкий — well adapt­
seem [si:m] — казаться ed to cut or pierce; harsh,
— to give the impression of b itin g or severe; clear or
being som ething; to have distinct; rapid, brisk, ener­
the appearance o f b ein g getic
true, existing silly [ sili] — глупый —
self-portrait [ self poitrit] stupid, lacking common
— автопортрет — the port­ sense; absurd, ridiculous
rait of a painter made by sin g [s ig ], sang [saeq],
himself sung [sAq] — петь — to
sensual [ sensju^l], [ sen- perform a song; to produce
— чувственный musical
— sounds; to recite in
having great liking for bodi­ a singing voice
ly pleasure, pertaining to singular [ siqgjul^] — ис­
the satisfaction o f bodily ключительный, своеобраз­
desires ный — unusual or remark­
shade [feid] — тень, от­ able; extraordinary; strange
тенок — comparative dark­ or peculiar
180 A rtM
song [sag] — песня — a
musical composition for one
or more voices; a poem that
can be set to music; the act
or art o f singing; the call of
a bird
sound [saund] — звук —
vibrations that are carried
through the air to produce
sensation in the ear; some­
thing that is heard
Stage
spark [spade] — искра — a
small, hot, glowing particle
thrown o f f from fire ; any
star [sta:] — звезда —
flash of light; a small amount,
any h eavy body th at ap­
trace
pears as a bright point of
specify [ spesifai] — точ­ light in the night sky; a
но определять,обозначать person who is outstanding
— to describe in detail; to in some field
mention in a definite way;
string [striq] — веревка,
to set down as a specifica­
tion струна — a rope; a thin
strand of wire or nylon used
spectator [spek teita^] — to produce tones in certain
зритель — a person who musical instruments
watches but does not take
part; an observer, member stun [sUn] — ош елом ­
o f an audience л я т ь — to shock as by a
blow; to overwhelm
stage [steid3] — сцена —
a raised platform in a theatre stunning [ sUniq] — изу­
or hall on which a p erfor­ м ительный — extrem ely
mance takes place. attractive or good-looking
 181

tale [teil] — сказка, рас­

сказ — a story or account of
uvents; narrative; false­
hood
talk [to:k] — разговари-
нать — to express ideas or
Information; to spread
rumours, to gossip
temptation [temp teijn]
— искушение, соблазн — V a lu e
Homething sinful, illega l,
foolish, provocative
showing the latest style;
treasure [ "tre3 a^] — со­ fashionable
кровище — a store o f valu­
ables; accumulated riches value [ vaelju:] — ценность;
стоимость — monetary worth;
treat [tri:t] — 1) развлече­
considered worth, usefulness,
ние — to provide entertain­
importance; merit
ment, pleasure; 2) угощение
— to give food, drink; 3) ле­ valu able [ vaeljua'hl] —
чение — to g iv e m edical ценный — worth much
attention to money; of great use, worth
or importance
unforgettable [ Anfjr getobl ]
— незабываемый — me­ visual [ vi^ua^l] — зри­
morable; not to be forgotten тельный, наглядный —
unknown [ лп ПЭЧ1П] — used in sight; relating to;
неизвестный— - unfam ili­ resulting from; visible, can
ar, not identified, not disco­ be seen
vered vivid [ vivid] — яркий,
up-to-date [ Apta1deit] — живой — clear and distinct;
современный — modern, sharp; producing clear or
182
lifelike images in the mind;
active, lively
xylophone [ zaila'fanm] —
ксилофон — an instrument
Art В
consisting o f horizontal
wooden bars arranged in
graded length and tuned in
a chromatic scale
 advertise f'aedvaiaiz] —
рекламировать; to make
known; to draw attention
to; to proclaim publicly; to
nnnounce
advertisement |>dW:tis-
inarit] — реклама; public
notice or announcement o f­
fering goods or services for
sale; the act of announcing
— (by radio, newspapers,
TV, handbills)
to advise |>d'vaiz] — со­
ветовать; to recommend a
course o f action; to g iv e
ndvice to sombody; to teach
how to plan one’ s work; to
consult
advice [a^d'vais] — in for­
mation sent by an agent;
consultation of a specialist;
a stated opinion which helps
to determine correct action
or conduct
bargain ['ba:gin] — сдел­
ка, торг — an agreement on
turns of give and take; some­
thing offered cheaply or
advantageously
to borrow ['Ьогзчі] — за­
нимать, брать взаймы — to
take; some ting on the under­
standing that it w ill be re­
turned later; to take and use
c a rd b o a rd ['ka:dbo:d],
['kaidb^d] — картон — s tiff
paper used for shoe boxes
case [keis] — случай ;
ящик, коробка, кейс — а
state of affairs; a box; an
incident
184 Shopping I

close [kl34iz] — закры

вать — to end, to finish; to
shut; to come to an end

coin [koin] — монета —

a piece o f metal money
colour ['кл1э\| — цвет —
a pigment; the complexion
o f the face; the racial com
plexion o f people; a ribbon
used as a symbol o f a party,
sports team; tone o f con
versation or behaviour; the
chance [tja:ns] — шанс, general effect of colour in a
случай — an occurance/ painting
case that can’ t be accounted
c on sum e [ka4i'sju:m],
fo r ; fa te o f a person; an
[k34i'su:m] — потреблять —
o p p o rtu n ity to do som e­
to eat, to drink up; to waste
thing
or absorb time, money
change ['tjeind3] — изме­
н я ть; м енять — the e x ­
change o f one thing for
another; fresh outlook; a
balance o f money; coins of
small denomination
cheap [tji:p] — дешевый
— inexpensive; easily ob­
tained; poor in quality
clip [klip] — скрепка, за­
жим, скоба — a thing for
fastening papers togeter; a
bobby pin
 | Shopping
cost [kost] — стоимость,
цена — the price paid or to
be paid for something;
money to be paid; an item in
the outlay o f time, labour,
trouble, etc.
count [kaunt] — считать
— to add up; to repeat; to
include; to name numbers
in order
custom er ['kAst34na\| —
покупатель — someone who
buys regulary from a parti­
cular shop
dam age ['daemid3] —
убыток, ущерб; поврежде­
ние — harm; injury; a money
compensation for harm
debt [det] — долг — some­
th in g (m on ey ) owned to
another; the state of owning
demand [di'ma:nd] — тре­
бование — an urgent claim,
an economic need or call;
the thing requested
disadvantage [^isa-d'vain-
tid3 ] — невыгода, ущерб —
an unfavourable circum­
stance, drawback, loss, han­
dicap
185
disagree [disa-'gri:], ['disa'1-
gri:] — не соглашаться, ссо­
риться — to d iffe r in opi­
nion; to quarrel; to be harm­
ful or unsuitable
d isc o u n t ['diskaunt] —
скидка, учет векселей — a
reduction in price; a sum
deducted from an account if
it is paid immediately or in
advance
dispose [dis'p34iz] — рас­
полагать, склонять — to
place in position, to incline,
to arrange; to determine the
outcome; to deal as one
wishes with
d is trib u te ['distribju:t],
[dis'tnbju:t] — распределять,
раздавать — to spread, to
put in d ifferen t places; to
occur geographically
eager [4:дэ\| — стремя­
щийся, нетерпеливый —
having a strong desire; to
wish very much; keen
enum erate [I'njuimareit]
— перечислять — to name
one by one; to count
exaggerate [ i g 'z a e c ^ r e i t ]
— преувеличивать — to go
186
beyond the truth in describ­
ing or representing; to make
larger than normal; to lay
increased emphasis upon
expend [iks'pend] — тра­
тить — to spend, to use up;
to pay out
expense fiks'pens] — рас­
ходы — cost in term s of
money; money paid out in
running a business or house­
hold
fair [fea'] — 1) ярмарка
— a traditional market held
on a specific date; 2) кра­
сивый — light coloured,
beau tifu l; 3) справедли­
вый — ju st; according to
the rules
fare [fe^] — стоимость
проезда — the cost of a
journey (by bus, train, airp­
lane, ship)
fit [fit] — подходящий,
годный — good enough;
proper, right; in good
physical condition, healthy
habit ['haebit] — привыч­
ка — a tendency to repeat
an act again and again;
automatism
Shopping |
half [ha:fj — половина
— one of the two equal parts
into which som ething is
divided; one of two equal
periods in a game divided by
a break
hurry ['h\ri] — торопить,
торопиться — the need to
act quickly, without delay;
waste no time; to do some­
thing for a short period of
time
income ['ткэтп] — до­
ход, заработок — wages,
salary; dividents from in­
vestments
increase [in'kriiz] — рас­
ти, возрастать, увеличи­
ваться — to become greater
in size, degree, number; to
grow
inexpensive [^niks'pen-
siv] — дешевый, недорогой
— cheap, not expensive, not
dear; of small price
innum erable [I'njuima1-
гэ-Ы] — неисчислимый, бес­
численный — very many,
too many to be counted; un­
countable
m arket [ ma:kit] — ры­
нок — a place where many
 Shopping 18-7

sellers display and sell their

goods; a region for success­
ful trading
measure [ шезз1] — мера,
измерение — determinati­
on; bringing into comparis-
sion; a unit of length, volume;
amount, extent or degree; a
criterion ; an appropriate
amount or portion
m ill [mil] — мельница obtain [эЬ tein] — полу­
— a building containing чать, добывать — to get,
m achinery which grinds receive, have; to become the
grain into flour; a machine possessor o f, secure for
that grinds grain; a small oneself or another
hand-operated machine for
occasion |> kei3^n] —
grinding co ffee, pepper,
случай, обстоятельство —
beans
a set of circumstances; some
money [ тлш] — деньги case, occurance, event
— anything that serves as
a medium of exchange for odour [ Vuda1] — запах,
goods and services аромат — smell, the charac­
teristic smell of sometihng
much [m\tj] — много
(к неисчисляемым суще­ open [ з-ирэп] — откры­
ствительным) — great in вать, открытый — not shut,
quantity, extent or degree not closed, free, unoccupied;
frank, concealing nothing
number [ плтЬгг] — чис­
ло, цифра — a symbol used option [ opJVn] — выбор,
to express how many; a оптимальный — a choos­
figure used to denote one ing; freedom of choice; most
thing favourable, the best
188
outlay [ autlei] — издер­
жки — expenditure, an in­
stance of this
pledge [ pled3 ] — залог,
задаток — som ething o f
value left as security for a
loan or as a quarantee; a
solemn promise
prefer [pri предпо­
читать — to like better; to
choose rather; to give
priority to
price [prais] — цена —
market value; that which is
given or demanded in return
for a thing, service offered
for sale or barter
profit [ profit] — выгода
— benefit, advantage; f i ­
nancial gain
purchase [ pa4tj>s],
[ po-itjis] — покупка, поку­
пать — to get something by
paying money; to buy
put [put] — класть — to
cause to be in a specified
place, condition, situation
quality [ kwoliti] — каче­
ство — degree of excellence;
characteristic; social status
Shonmne jp
quantity [ kwontiti] — ко­
личество — the number of;
an amount; the property of
things that can be measured
queue [kju:] — очередь
— a line o f people awaiting
their turn
rap [гагр] — 1) легкий
удар, стук; — a sharp quick
blow 2) безделица; мелкая
монета — nonsense, half­
penny; только в выраже­
нии: not to care a rap (not
to give a rap) — ни гроша
receipt [ri si:t] — распис­
ка в получении — the act
o f g ettin g som eth in g; a
formal written acknowled­
gement o f receiving smth;
request [ri kwest] —
просьба — an attempt to get
something that one wants by
making this known in speech
or writing
rich [ritj] — богатый —
possessing great wealth;
having many natural resour­
ces
rob [rob] — грабить — to
take property illegally; to
 I Shopping
take money with threat of
force
sack [saek] — мешок —
a large receptacle; a bag
sale [seil] — продажа —
a selling or being sold; a
public selling by auction; a
selling of out-of-date stock
at reduced prices
sell (sold) [sel], [sanild] —
продавать — to find a buyer;
to give goods, property or
rights to another person in
exchange for money
shop [Jap] — магазин,
мастерская — a small store
where things are sold; a place
where a particular type of
work is done; a place where
things are made or repaired
shortage [ Jb:tid3 ] — не­
хватка — lack, too small an
amount or supply
size [saiz] — размер, ве­
личина — bign ess, true
account
spend [spend] — тратить,
расходовать; проводить
время — to pay out money;
to pass time in a specified
manner or place
189
sponge [spAnd3 ] — губка
— a synthetic material used
in cleaning for its ability to
absorb fluids and yield them
again on pressure
spray [sprei] — брызги,
водяная пыль, пульвериза­
тор — water in the form of
fine particles or droplets; the
device holding this liquid
steal [sti:l], (stole, stolen)
[stoul], [ stoula^n] — воро­
вать, красть — to take from
another secretly without
permission; to move or pass
secretly, slowly or without
being seen
store [sto:] — запас, склад
— a place in which a variety
of goods is kept for sale; a
quantity o f something put
away or held in reserve for
future use
supply [s^ plai] — снаб­
жение — stock; the amount
needed for use; store
tag [taeg] — ярлычок, уш­
ко; штамп — a piece of paper,
plastic or other material with
some information to inden-
tify or label the thing
190
take [teik] — брать, взять
— to grasp, to get hold; to
capture; to occupy; to
conduct, to lead
thread [0red] — нитка,
нанизывать — a very thin
cord o f cotton, wool or silk
used in sewing; to pass or
proceed in a tw is tin g or
winding manner
toy [tDi] — игрушка —
an object fo r a child to play
w ith ; som ething o f little
value or importance
T h rea d
Shopping I
trade [treid] — торговля;
ремесло — the business
o f buying and selling; ex
change of goods; a profession
twice [twais] — дважды
— two times; on two
occasions
unnecessary [лп nesisari]
— ненужный, лишний —
not needed, needless
use |Ju:s] — польза — the
act of using; a need or occa­
sion; [ju:z] — использовать
— to take often; to supply;
to employ fo r a particular
purpose
useful [ ju:sful] — полез­
ный, пригодный — serv­
ing a good use or purpose;
helpful
variety [va^ raia'-ti] — раз­
нообразие — change or d if­
ference; a collection of d if­
feren t things; a d ifferen t
part or form of something
various [ vea-ria's] — раз­
личный — d ifferen t from
one another, o f d iffe re n t
kinds; several, many
wallet [ Wo:lit] — бумаж­
ник, кожаная сумка — a
 I Shopping 191

Hmall fla t pocketcase fo r

carrying papers, paper
money, etc
want [wont] — хотеть,
ж елать — need o f some­
thing; the state or fact of
having too little o f some­
thing desirable or needed
ware [wea^] — изделия,
товары — m anufactured
goods for sale; merchandis­
ed things
wealth [wel0] — богат­
ство, изобилие — anything
which can be exchanged for body in a gravitational field;
money; world possessions; a mass; an amount of matter;
the products o f the econo­ importance; a known mass
mic a ctivity of a nation of metal used for comparing
weigh [wei] — взвеши­ other weights
вать, весить — to d e te r­ whisk [wisk] — 1) пома­
mine the w eight o f some­ хивание; 2) веничек, ме­
thing, to estimate weight; телка — quick, light move­
to consider the importance ment; to move quickly; an
weight [wert] — вес, ги­ instrum ent fo r sweeping
ря — the force acting on a small particles
 C L O T H IN G

belt ['belt] — пояс, ре­ — a knitted jacket with

мень; конвейер — a strip of buttons
leather to support trousers;
clean [kli:n] — чистый —
a region characterized by
not dirty; fresh; tidy; free
certain climatic conditions;
from ceremonial elements
belts fo r fix a tio n : Fasten
the belts! cloak [кізчік] — плащ,
blaser ['bleiza*] — спор­ накидка — a broad sleeve­
тивная куртка — a wind- less outer cloth sometimes
breaker
boots [bu:ts] — ботинки,
сапоги — footwear made of
leather, rubber or canvas
button [ЪлШ] — пугови­
ца — a small disk or knob
sewn on material
cap [kaep] — кепка, фу­
ражка — a kind of light hat;
a headdress of special form
and colour
cardigan ['ka:dig^n] —
кардиган, вязаная кофта B laser
 | Clothing 193

worn instead o f a coat; по­ ner; style of clothes worn at

кров — som ething which a particular period of time;
hides a prevailing mode in speech,
social behaviour
clothing ['klanidnj] —
одежда — something to put female ['filmed] — жен­
on, to wear; clothes in щина, женский — a female
general person (g irl, woman), ani­
mal or plant
coat [kaut] — пальто —
a person’ s jacket; an over­ glove [gU v] — перчатка
coat; any outer covering — a covering for the hand
cotton ['kotn] — хлопок heel [hi:l] — пятка, каб­
— the soft, white, wool-like л у к — the rounded back
fiber enclosing the seeds of part o f the human foot; the
the cotton plant; a textile of back part of a boot or shoe;
this fiber; made o f cotton the part o f a sock or stock­
ing which covers the heel
dark [dark] — темный,
мрачный — not light; dis­ height [hait] — высота,
p iritin g , gloom y; m yste­ рост — the distance from
rious, secretive the base or foot to the top;
distance above the earth
dream [dri:m] — мечта,
сон — an idea or im age
present in the sleeping mind;
something greatly desired;
an extravagant fancy
dress [dres] — платье,
одежда — decoration, style,
fashion, clothes; a woman’ s
frock or gown
fashion ['faejn] — мода,
стиль, фасон — way, man­

7 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

194 Clothing |j§

inconsiderable ^mka-n'si-
dara-bl] — незначительный,
неважный — triv ia l, not
important, very small; un­
worthy
indefectible [ lindi'fekt3vbl]
— без дефектов — without
faults or defects; unfailing;
good
inexpressive [^niks'pre-
siv] — невыразительный
— without emotion, boring;
mashed, not distinct; un­
able to show, demonstrate
characteristic o f men, man­
leather ['1еб^] — кожа ly; a male person, animal or
— the skin o f an animal, plant
cleaned and made soft; some­
thing made of this material m anner [ masna^] — об­
(shoes, bags, gloves, coats, раз, манера — the way of
etc.) doin g som eth in g; social
behaviour with respect to
loop [lu:p] — петля — a standards; correct social
closed figure with a curved behaviour
outline
mantle [ mæntl] — ман­
loose [lu:s] — свободный,
тия, покров — a loose outer
широкий — hang freely ;
sleeveless cloak or coat
not fittin g tightly; not fas­
tened or firm ly fixed; care­ medial [ miidja'l] — сред­
less, vague; not exact; lack­ ний — situated in the middle;
ing moral control average

male [meil] — masculine middle [ midi] — сере­

[ ma:skjulin] — мужской — дина, средний — central;
 I Clothing 195

intermediate, m edium or pure [pjua^] — чистый —

a v e ra g e in size, q u a lity ,
Htatus
motley [ motli] — раз­
ноцветный, пестрый —
bright, varied in character,
type; mixture o f colours
narrow [ паггзчл] — узкий
— small in width; thorough,
very precise; m arked by
little activity
free from the presence o f
any other substance; free
from admixture; a priori
rag [raeg] — тряпка, лох­
мотья — a torn or worn piece
o f cloth, article of clothing
ribbon [ пЬзчі] — лента
— a narrow strip o f silk,
satin, velvet used for tying
the hair or fo r decoration

needle [ni:dl] — игла — a rin g — кольцо, ринг,

Hlender pointed piece of steel арена — a circular band of
with an eye fo r carrying the precious metal worn on a
thread, used in sewing finger as a symbol; boxing
ring; arena
new [nju:] — новый —
made, discovered, known, robe [гзчіЬ] — женское
heard or seen fo r the first платье, мантия, роба — а
l ime; recently made, pro­
duced or arrived
odd [ad] — странный,
необычный — unusual, ex-
I raordinary, not fittin g in
to the accepted p attern ;
occasional, out-of-the-way
pair [реэ1] — пара — a *
«et o f tw o th in gs o f the
Hinne kind; a tning consist­
ing o f two complementary
I»nrts; two persons associa­
ted together R obe
196 Clothing |
r
long loose outer dress worn waist or hips and hanging
as a symbol o f profession or down to varying lengths
position
sleeve [sli:v] — рукав —
shabby [ jaebi] — поно­ the part of a clothing that
шенный, оборванный — covers all or part o f the arm
looking badly worn; wear­ slippers [ slipa^z] — ком­
ing badly worn clothes; poor натные тапочки — light
in quality; mean, unfair, low shoes worn chiefly in­
dishonourable, shameful doors
shirt [JV:t] — мужская small [smail] — малень­
сорочка — a male clothing кий — not large or great in
for the upper part of the size, number; not im por­
body with a collar, sleeves tant, trivial; soft, weak, low
and buttons down the front
sock [sok] — носок — a
shoe Цш] — туфля — a short stocking covering a
foot covering o f leather or person’s foot above the ankle
other material giving pro­
soft [soft] — мягкий —
tection to the instep
not hard; easily shaped;
short [$b:t] — короткий
— having little length, not
long; not tall; not long in
time; using few words; brief
or abrupt
shorten [ jb:tn] — укора­
чивать — to take short or
shorter; to reduce; to decre­
ase
skirt [ska^it] — юбка — a
part of a woman’s or girl’s
clothing fastened around the S lippers
 I Clothing 197

smooth or fine to touch; not

rough
spot [spot] — пятно — a
11lark , stain or blot produced
by dirt; a small part or mark
differing from surrounding
urea in colour or material
stain [stein] — 1) пятно
— a spot or mark o f dis­
coloration; 2 ) пачкать — to
colour or treat with a pig­
ment or any coloured solu­
tion; to bring dishonour upon
suit [sju:t] — 1) костюм
— a jacket with a matching
uncover [лп Lvva^] — рас­
pair of trousers; 2) подхо­
крывать, обнажать — to
дить, соответствовать — to
disclose; to lay bare or make
I»lease, to satisfy, to be agree-
known; to remove the cover
nble, convenient; 3) проше­
or covering from
ние, иск — the act, process
or proceeding in a court undress [ лп dres] — раз­
tro u se rs [ trauz^z] —
девать (ся) — to remove the
брюки — a clothing for the clothes or covering from, to
lower part of the body take the clothes o ff

um brella [лш brela1] — veil [veil] — вуаль, по­

ііонтик — a device used to
give protection from rain or
ніш
unbutton [ лп bAtn] —
расстегивать — to open by
unfastening the buttons
крывало — a piece of lace,
silk or net worn by women to
cover their face; anything
that covers, conceals, hides
w aist [weist] — талия —
the narrow part of the
198
human body between ribs
and hips; the part o f the
dress that covers the waist
wardrobe [ wo:dra4ib] —
платяной шкаф, гардероб
— a tall piece o f furniture
to keep clothes in; person’s
clothes; a room where cos­
tumes are kept
wear [wea1] (wore [wo:],
worn [wo:n]) — носить, из­
нашивать — to have clothes
on the body; to arrange smth.
in a specified way; to bring
to a specified state by use;
damage due to use
Clothing |
wide [waid] — широкий
— not narrow, o f relatively
large extent from side to
side; great in extent; fully
open,loose
width [wid6] — ширина,
широта — measurement,
distance or extent from side
to side
wool [wul] — шерсть —
the fibrous crisped growth
on the skin o f certain ani­
mals; used fo r knitting or
weaving a soft warm fabric
w rap [raep] — 1) шаль,
плед — a rug, shawl or ex­
tra clothing used to cover
oneself, somebody; 2) заку­
тывать, заворачивать — to
cover or enclose; to conceal;
to fold as a covering
wreath [ri:0 ] — венок,
гирлянда; кольцо (дыма) —
a circular band of flowers,
leaves used to decorate a
door, window, etc.
 arrow ['аегзи] — стрела a small round piece of lead
— the weapon shot from a fired from a rifle or pistol
bow; a directing sign
chess [tjes] — шахматы
b a ll [Ьэ:1] — мяч — a — an ancient game of skill
spherical object of any size fo r two players played on
used in different games (foot­ chessboard
ball, volleyball, basketball)
coach [кэтДИ — экипаж;
balloon [b^'luin] — воз­ вагон — a large four-whee-
душный шар led carriage; a bus for long
bandy [ba^ndi] — 1) обме­ — distance journeys; a rail­
ниваться (словом, уда­ road car for passengers; тре-
ром) — to exchange; 2) кри­
вой (о ногах) — crooked,
not straight; 3) клюшка —
hockey stick, club
bold [bauld] — смелый,
отчетливый — brave; con­
fidently original; impudent,
shameless; printing o f bold­
face type
bullet ['bulit] — пуля —
200 Sports I

нер — a p riva te tu tor; а straight, straight-forward,

trainer in athletics candid; immediate; not turn­
crew [kru:] — экипаж — ed aside; not inverted
a ship’ s company with the disable [dis'eibl], [diz'eibl]
officers; a body of men work­ — делать неспособным —
ing together at a task; a row­ not able to do, to incapa­
ing team citate physically or mentally
dart [da:t] — дротик; distract [dis'traekt] — от­
жало — a sharply — pointed влекать, приводить в заме­
light arrow; a sudden swift шательство — to confuse;
movement; to aim quickly to divert the attention of; to
and suddenly
drive nearly mad
decline [di'klain] — скло­ d rill [dril] — трениров­
няться, подходить к концу
ка, обучение; дрель — a
— to refuse, to fall o ff, to
series of exercises in physi­
slope downwards; to begin
cal training, in the use of
to go down
weapons or equipment; a
decrease [di:'kri:s], ['di:k-
ri:s] — уменьшать, убывать;
to make less, smaller; to
diminish
d e fe a t [d i'fiit] — р аз­
гром, поражение — fras-
tration, prevention from
success; to be overcome in
war, sport or argument
defend [di'fend] — защи­
щать — to p ro tect from
danger, to ju stify
direct [di'rekt], [dai'rekt]
— прямой, точный — Drill
1| Sports _________________ 201

mental exercise regu larly

repeated; a tool for making
holes in wood, etc
em ulate ['emjuleit] — со­
ревноваться — to try to do
as well as; to have a compe­
tition
envy ['envi] — зависть —
a fe e lin g o f antagonism
towards someone because of
some good which he is enjoy­ goal [дзчд1] — цель; гол
ing but which one does not — an aim or objective; the
have oneself; an innocent act of sending a ball to score
desire to share another's
gold [дэтаШ] — золото —
good; something which
a yellow metallic element;
arouses this desire
the colour o f gold; the prize
excercise ['eks^saiz] —
good w ill ['gu d'w il] —
упражнение — the use or
доброжелательность, доб­
practice o f power, right;
рая воля — friendliness
training to develop skill,
mental abilities; a task for gun [длп] — ружье, пи­
students to g iv e practice столет — any weapon (a
and test knowledge; a train­ revolver, a rifle ); a toy im i­
ing operation tation o f such weapon

foot [fut] — ступня ноги guy [дат] — парень — a

— the lowest part of a leg
game [geim] — игра — a
contest played fo r sport or
pleasure; a scheme, a plan of
action; a competition; some
amusement or fun
man, a fellow ; a person of
funny appearance
hop [hop] — прыгать,
прыжок — to make a little
jump; to move foreward in
a series of little fumps; to
202
jump into; to change the
subject of a conversation; a
short trip
hour [аиэ\| — час, 60 ми­
нут — a fix e d period o f
time, 60 minutes; a special
moment or short time
hurry ['Ьлп] — торопить,
торопиться — the need to
act quickly, without delay;
waste no time; to do some­
thing for a short period of
time
indeed [in'diid] — в са­
мом деле, действительно
— in fact; certainly; really;
true
in flex io n [in'flekjn] —
сгибание, м одуляц ия —
turning or bending; a change
in tone or pitch of voice
instead [in'sted] — вза­
мен, вместо — for a change;
in place of; rather than
jab [d3 aeb] — толкать —
to push; to penetrate sud­
denly with a pointed object;
to poke sharply; to give a
short straight blow
jog [d3 Dg] — толчок; мед­
ленная ходьба — to give a
Sports Д
slight push; to cause to move
or become active; to move
along at a regular pace with­
out hurrying
jum p [d3Amp] — прыгать
— to rise momentarily into
the air with the help of legs;
to make a sudden involun­
tary movement; to shift from
one topic to another; to make
rise quickly
k ick [kik] — ударять но­
гой, лягать — to hit with
the fo o t volu n tary or in ­
v o lu n ta ry ; to s trik e out
with the foot; to protest or
complain
kneel [ni:l] — стоять на
коленях — to rest or fall on
one or both knees
leap [li:p] — прыжок,
скачок — a sudden move­
ment from one place to
another by the muscular
e ffo rt of the legs or feet; to
jump slightly
line [lain] — линия, нить
— a mark showing the
lim its; the boundary or
lim it of an area; an outline,
contour; a row of written,
 Ж Sports 203

printed or typed words; a

number o f th in g s which
come one after another in
time in a regular manner or
series .
loud [laud] — громкий,
шумный — noisy, produc­
ing a powerful stimulus on
the ear; unrefined
man [maen] — мужчина
M atch
— an adult human male; a
husband; a male employee
mankind [mæn kaind] —
manhood [ masnhud] —
человечество — the human
мужество — the state or
race in general
period o f b eing an adult
male; men collectively; man­ mat [mæt] — 1) матовый
ly qualities o f courage and — without shine or luster;
fortitude 2 ) циновка, рогожа — a
floor covering; a thick floor
coverin g used in gymnas­
tics
match [ mætj] — пара;
матч — one o f two persons
or things exactly alike; a
person or thing harmoniz­
ing well with another; a
competition
mate [meit] — товарищ;
супруг — a companion, a
fellow worker; a partner in
M anhood marriage; ai? assistant
204
motion [ rrmijn] — жест,
движение — the act or
process; a formal proposal;
a movement
move [mu:v] — двигать­
ся — to change the position;
to in flu en ce; to be made
active; to make progress; to
take action
movement [ murvmarit] —
движение — the act or
process o f moving; an im ­
pulse; a change or trend in
the price of some commodity
or stock
net [net] — сеть — an
open-meshed fabric of cord,
hair, nylon used for catch­
ing fish, birds, insects or
animals
noise, noisy [noiz], [ noizi]
— шум, ш умный — any
sound which causes discom­
fo r t to the hearer; a loud
outcry, shouting, vib ra ti­
on, etc
outdoor [ autdo:] — вне
дома, на открытом возду­
хе — done or used outside
the house; characteristic of
the open air
S p o r fs J I
outside [ aut said] — на­
ружный, внешний — ex­
terior, outer parts; external
appearance
overbalance [^uva^ bas­
i c s ] — терять равновесие
— to lose one’ s balance
past [pa:st] — прошлый
— just ended; relating to an
earlier time; former
pity [ piti] — сожаление
— a feeling of sympathy; a
cause o f sorrow or regret
play [plei] — играть — to
take part in games; to make
music; to perform the music;
to give a performance
playground [ pleigraund]
— площадка для игр — a
piece of ground set apart for
children to play on; a favou­
rite district for recreation
previous [ priivja^s],
[ privies] — предыдущий —
done earlier, before the right
time
quarrel [ kwor^l] — ссо­
ра — an a n gry d ispu te;
disagreement; altercation
 I Sports 205

quits [kwits] — to be quits rink [rigk] — каток — an

быть в расчете, раскви­
таться — equal; to stop
activity without victory or
defeat
rapid [ raspid] — быст­
рый, скорый — characte­
rized by speed; fast, quick
real [ гЫ ] — реальный,
действительный — exist-
i ng in fact; natural; obvious
reel [ri:l] — вертеться —
to whirl around; качаться
— to be shaken physically
or mentally by the shock of
astonishment, g rief, etc
relax [n laeks] — расслаб­
ляться, отдыхать — to make
less strict; to lower nervous
tension; to become less tense
or strict, less restrained
area of natural or artificial
ice used for ice-skating
rival [ raiva^l] — сопер­
ник — a person in competi­
tion with others; a competi­
tive, an enemy
rod [rod] — прут, удочка
— a thin slender bar (pole)
in wood, metal, glass
run [глп] — бежать — to
move rapidly over the
ground; to escape; to
compete in a race; to go
regularly between two places
ru se [ru:z] — уловк а,
хитрость — cunning; guile;
trick, trial

repel [n pel] — отталки­

вать — to d riv e back; to
repress, to discourage; to
cause not to penetrate

rile [rail] — раздражать,

сердить — to annoy, to
arouse anger or resentful-
ness in; to irritate R iv a l
 rush [гл|] — мчаться, element that is soft and
нестись стремительно — easily shaped and is the best
to move with speed and conductor o f heat and elec­
violence; to appear swiftly; tricity
to act quickly, reckless
skate [skeit] — конек, ка­
score [sko:] — 1) метка; таться на коньках — an ice
2) счет — a line or mark cut skate, a roller skate; to move
in the surface of something; or glide along on skates
the marking o f a point in a
game or competition; a num­ ski [ski:] — лыжа, катать­
ber symbolizing the degree ся на лыжах — one of a pair
of success o f long, narrow, wooden,
metal or plastic strips curv­
scream [skri:m] — кри­
ing upward at the front and
чать — to cry loudly because
designed to be fastened to a
o f fear, pain or shock
boot for gliding over snow
seize [si:z] — хватать,
skill [skil] — мастерство
захватывать — to take sud­
— the power or ability to do
denly and hold firm ly ; to
take by force; to take sud­
den mental possession
self-possession [ selfpa^-
zejam] — самообладание —
presence of mind, the ability
to control oneself
shout [Jaut] — крик,
кричать — a loud wordless
cry to attract attention or
to express some strong
emotion; to yell
silver [ silva^] — серебро
— a shiny white metalic
 Sports
something resulting from
practice, training
skip [skip] — прыгать —
to move along with short,
quick hops first on one foot
then on the other; to jump
the rope
sleigh [slei] — sledge
|sled3] — санки, кататься
на санках — a vehicle on
runners used to carry people
or load over snow and ice
slide [slaid] — скользить
— to move or pass smoothly
along a su rfa ce; to pass
quietly or gradually
slip [slip] — 1) посколь­
знуться — to slid e sud­
denly and accidentally; to
move or slide out o f control;
2 ) ошибка — to make an
accidental mistake - a slip
of the tongue
slow [s la n i] — м едлен­
ный — acting, m oving or
happening with low /little
speed, not fast or quick
snapshot [ snaspja-t] —
моментальный снимок —
to take a photograph for a
very short period of time
207
snare [sne^] — ловушка,
западня — a trap for catch­
ing small animals; anything
that tricks or entraps
soccer [ soka1] — football
— футбол — a game in which
two teams of eleven players
each attempt to move a
round ball in to a goal by
kicking or striking it with
any part of the body except
hands
soon [su:n] — вскоре, ско­
ро — in the nearest future;
before long; shortly; without
delay
sorry [ son] — огорчен­
ный, сожалеющий — feel­
ing pity, sympathy, regret
speed [spi:d] — скорость
— quickness or rapidity of
motion; rate of motion; the
sensitivity o f a photograhic
paper to light
spontaneous [spon teinja^s]
— самопроизвольный, спон­
танный — arising from a
natural impulse or desire;
not planned or forced
step [step] — шагнуть,
делать шаг у - the move-
208
ment of raising the foot and
p u ttin g it down in a new
position (w alk in g, clim b­
ing, dancing)
stick [stik] — палочка —
a long thin piece o f wood;
anything resembling a stick
stout [staut] — тучный;
сильный, крепкий — hav­
ing a thick, balky figu re;
brave, physically strong;
solid in structure
straigh t [streit] — пря­
мой — not wavy, moving in
the same direction without
a curve or bend; not crook­
ed; truthful, frank
Sports
strength [streqG] — сила,]
прочность — power, force,
energy; the power to resist]
attack, force; the degree of
concentration
success [s^k ses] — уда*
ча — good luck; favourable
result or ending; the gain­
ing o f wealth, position or
fame
sweat [swet] — пот, ис­
парина — a clear salty fluid
given o ff through the роген
o f the skin
sw ift [swift] — скорый,
быстрый — m oving with
great speed; happening
quickly or without delay
swim [swim] — плавать,
плыть — to move along in
the w ater by m ovin g the
parts of the body; to float on
water;
team [ti:m] — команда
— any group working toge­
ther
throw [Gram] (threw [0ru:],
thrown [бгзчт] — бросать
— to send up into the air
with the hand or hands; to
 J Sports 209

1i nuse to fall to the ground;

111 put hurriedly or careless-
lv; to direct or project
unlucky [лп Uki] — не-
гчастливый — not having
H' K )d luck; unfortunate; bad

luck
upset [лр set] — опроки-
дывать, наруш ать; pac-
i "I раивать — to turn over,
Iо knock over; to throw into
ilisorder; to make anxious
W in
or uneasy
whole [h34jl] — весь, це-
nы й — entire, undivided; tition; to achieve a victory;
not lacking any part, with to succeed; to gain reward
no part excepted
wrestle [resl] — бороть­
willowy — тонкий и гиб- ся, борьба — to stru ggle
1сий — slender and grace­ with an opponent trying to
ful; abounding in willows; throw or trip him
thin, slim, tender
yacht [jot ] — яхта — a
w in (w on, w on ) [w in ], light, fast — sailing vessel
|wAn] — побеждать — to used fo r racing, pleasure
come fir s t in the compe- cruises
 b irth d a y ['ba^Gdei] —
день рождения — the day
o f one’ s birth
card [ka:d] — карточка,
карта — a piece o f paper
suitable for writing or print­
ing; a playing card
celebrate t'sela^breit] —
праздновать, отмечать —
to perform a ceremony pub­
licly; to honour some event;
to praise and sing glories
chatter ['tj£et3\j — бо л­
тать чепуху, болтовня — a
ligh t talk; to speak much
and fast often foolishly
congratulate [kari'grastju-
leit] — поздравлять — to
express pleasure in the
success or happiness of...
dedicate ['dedikeit] — по­
свящ ать — to d evo te to
some purpose; to inscribe
some book, etc.; in honour
o f somebody
enjoy [in'd30i] — п о лу ­
чать удовольствие, наслаж­
даться — to take pleasure
or deligh t in; to have the
use, benefit or advantage;
to get satisfaction and plea­
sure
e n te rta in [ent^'tein] —
развлекать, увеселять —
to give interest and pleasure
to; to receive as a visitor or
guest; to show hospitality;
to have in one's mind; to
give thought or considera­
tion to smb
eve [i:v] — канун — the
day before some named day;
 | Holidays
the brief period before some
momentous or culminating
event
fill [fil] — наполнять,
заполнять — to make fulj;
to occupy the whole space of;
to become full; to complete
film ['film ] — ф ильм;
пленка, оболочка — a movie
with an accompanying sound­
track; a thin layer; a growth
on the eye
find [faind] — находить
— to discover what was lost;
to open by experim ent or
study; to discover by chance
fun, funny [fan], ['fani] —
шутка, забава, забавный
— pleasure and amusement;
playfulness; a joke
gather ['дэебэ1] — соби­
рать, собираться — to
collect; to come together; to
accumulate, to generate; to
pick up
gay [gei] — веселый, бес­
путный — merry, cheerful,
lighthearted, joyful
gift [gift] — подарок; дар,
талант — a thing given; a
natural talent; a present
211
greet [gri:t] — привет­
ствовать — to say hello; to
salute; to address with cour­
teous words or gestures on
meeting
guess [ges] — угадывать
— to say an opinion about
something without full
knowledge or detailed
reasoning; to suppose
happy ['haepi] — счастли­
вый — expressing jo y or
pleasure; lucky, fortunate
holiday ['hol^di], ['holidi],
['holidei] — праздник, ка­
никулы — a day on which
one does not go to work,
school; some past еуё^в,
famous person’ s birthday
holy ['h^uli] — святой —
o f God, his works, dwelling
place, attributes; a life of
spiritual purity
invite [in'vait] — пригла­
шать — to ask for; to
request, to ask hospitably to
come and participate
involve [in'volv] — вовле­
кать; включать в себя — to
include, concern; to comprise;
to consist of; to engage
>
212 H olidays |

joke [с1зэч1к] — шутка — the com pany o f; to come

an action, saying, event into contact with
which causes amusement or
miss [mis] — 1) девушка
laughter; a person who is
— unmarried woman or girl;
laughed at because he is
2 ) промахнуться, опоздать
rediculous
— to fa il to reach, meet,
jo lly ['d3oli] — веселый, make contact; to escape, to
оживленный — full of good avoid
humour and fun; sligh tly
month [т л п б ] — месяц
drunk; good-humoured
— a period o f four weeks
joy [d3 or] — радость —
nice [nais] — хороший,
happiness, great deligh t;
красивый — pleasant, kind,
the outward expression of
attractive, delightful, fine;
emotions
delicate, sensitive
kite [kait] — коршун; бу­
orthodox [ 3:034loks] —
мажный змей — a bird o f a
православный — holding
fa m ily o f small hawks; a
the official, accepted or
lig h t wooden fram ew ork
standard opinions, not
covered with paper and flown
heretical or independent
on the wind at the end o f
long string parcel [ pais^l] — посыл­
ка — one or more things
m agic [ masd3 ik] — ма­
secured by a string or wrapp­
ги я; волш ебны й — any
ing to make a single object
mysterious power or pheno­
for handling and transport
menon; the art or practice
o f producing illusions pick [pik] — собирать —
to gather; to choose or select
meet [mi:t] — встречать
carefully; to distinguish
— to come face to face; to
from others
be present at the arrival; to
make the acquaintance of; quibble [ kwibl] — игра
to face up to; to come into слов, уклон от прямого от­
 I H olidays
пета — a game of pompous
words raising purely formal
difficulties
quip [kwip] — колкость,
;шиграмма — a sarcastic
remark, an epigram
quiz [kwiz] — шутка, на­
смешка — a joke; gen tly
mocking; eccentric or odd
note
receive [ri si:v] — полу­
чать, принимать — to take
into one’ s hands or mind; to
accept something; to get; to
admit; to welcome
salutation [,saelju: teijn]
— приветствие — the act of
givin g greeting, saluting
solemn [ solarn] — тор­
жественный — having
much d ign ity or m ajesty;
accompanied form a lity or
ceremony, serious and
earnest
soul [sjnil] — душа — the
emotional part o f humans,
seat of deep feeling; the non­
physical part of humans that
controls their thoughts, feel­
ings, actions
213
splash [splæj] — всплеск,
брызги — to throw a liquid
about; to mark or decorate
by splashing; to fall or move
with a splash or splashes
splendid [ splendid] — ве­
ликолепный, роскошный
— b rillian t, m agnificent,
im pressive, gloriou s, e x ­
cellent
thank [0æijk] — благода­
рить — to express g r a ti­
tude or appreciation
time [taim] — время; раз
— an indefinite extent dur­
ing which events, actions
happen, exist or continue; a
definite part or portion of
time
trick [trik] — фокус, об­
ман, у ло в к а — cheat; a
p a rticu la r s k ill o f doing
something easily and success­
fully
u ngratefu l [лп greitjul]
— неблагодарный — not
thankful fo r the received
kindness and help; unplea­
sant
unhappy [лп hæpi] — не­
счастный, неудачный —
)
214
unlucky, unfortunate; with­
out joy or happiness
wait [weit] — ждать — to
expect; to remain in a place
to meet somebody; to await
fo r somebody
whistle [ wisl] — свис­
теть, свист — to make a
shrill, piping sound by fo r ­
cin g the breath th rough
pressed lips; a device used
as a signal
H olidays |
wish [w ij] — желание,
желать — a feeling o f un­
fu lfilled satisfaction; a
desire, a request
worship [ wa^fip] — по­
клоняться, обожать — to
id olize, to adore; honour
paid to God
year [ja-:], [jia^] — год —
the period o f timetaken by
the earth to complete one
orbit around the sun
 СЛОВАРЬ
ОМОФОНОВ
И ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗМ ОВ
A adventure [>d'ventja]
abbreviate [>"bri:vieit]
ab/norm/al [>b no:m],
|>b na:ma"l]
ab/original [ 1æbaJrid3 a,n/1]
absolute ['æbs3^lu:t]
ab/sorb [a^b'saib]
abstract ['æbstrækt]
absurd, -ity |>bW:d],
[a^b sæditi]
academy |Vkædami]
accelerate [æk'selOTeit]
accessories [æk'sesariz]
accord [Vka:d]
ac/credit [Vkredit]
accumulate [aJkju:mju/leit]
accurate ['ækjurit]
acoustic [Vku:stik]
acrobat ['ækra-bæt]
act [ækt]
actor ['ækta1]
adaptation [^dæp'teijn]
address [Vdres]
adequate ['ædikwit]
administration [a^minis-
treija'n]
admiral ['ædmara-l]
advocate ['aedva^keit]
aerodrome ['eara'dramm]
aerodynamics ['earamdai-
'naemiks]
aeroplane [leara,plein]
agency ['eid33"nsi]
agent ['eid33nt]
agglomerate [a^'glomareit]
aggregate ['aegrigit]
agitation [,aed3 i'teijn]
aggression [a^'greja^n]
agony ['aega-ni]
agricultural [^gn'kAltfar^l]
agrarian [V g rE arian ]
alcohol ['aslka'hol]
allegory ['aeligari]
alley ['aeli]
almanac [’oilma-naek]
alternative [a:l'ta‘:na'tiv]
ambition [aem'biJVn]
a/moral [as'mara^l]
amorphous [a-'moifa-s]
analogy [a"'naela"d3 i]
analyse ['aena^laiz]
anecdote ['aenikda-ut]
angel ['eind33"P
216 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
annotate ['aenaniteit]
anonymous [Упэш тэ^]
antenna [sn'tena^]
apparatus [ lasp3Jreit3,s]
appetite ['aepitait]
apricot ['eiprikot]
arena [Угі:пз^]
argument ['aiqjumarit]
aristocracy [aeris'tokr^si]
arithmetic [УпбтзЧік]
archaic [a:'kenk]
architect ['aikita'kt]
army ['a:mi]
art [a:t]
artist ['a:tist]
aspect ['aespa^kt]
asphalt [ ‘aesfaelt] — глагол;
[aes'felt] — существ,
assembly (Vsembli]
assistant [Vsistaiit]
astronaut ['aestranoit]
astronomy [WtronaTni]
atheism, -ist ['eiOnzarm],
['eiBnst]
atmosphere ['aetma^sfijr]
atom ['aeta'm]
antique [asn'tirk]
attribute ['astribju:t]
auction [ ‘oikj^n]
author ['о:0гг]
autobiography [^itanibai-
'ografi]
autograph ['o:t^gra:f],
['oita'graefj
automatic [^it^'mætik]
automobile ['эЛаию-ЬЫ]
avenue ['ævinju:]
aviation [1eivi'eiJ'n]
В
bacillus [ba^’sila^s]
bacteriology [bæk ^an'otod^]
bacterium [bask'tiariarn]
balance ['bælaris]
balcony ['bælkatu]
balk [Ьэ:к] — балка, бревно
ballad ['bæla-d]
ballet ['bælei], ['bæli]
ballast t'bæla^t]
ballot ['bæl^t] — б ю лле­
тень, баллотироваться
banal [b^'nail]
banana [b^'nain^]
bandit ['bændit]
bank [bæqk], banker
f'bæqka^]
banquet ['bæqkwit]
bar [ba:]
barge ['ba:d3 ]
barometer [b^'romit^]
baron ['bærari]
barrack ['bæra'k]
barricade [^æri'keid]
barrier ['bæria^]
barter [ ‘baitsr]
base [beis]
 I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
basic ['beisik]
basketball [ ‘ba:skitbo:l]
bastion ['bæstism]
battalion [b^'tælja-n]
battery ['bætan]
beat [bi:t] — бить, колотить
benzine ['benzi:n]
Bible ['baibl]
billiard ['bilja^d]
billion ['bilja-n]
biography [bai'agro-fi],
[bi'ogra^fi]
biology [bai'ola^i]
biplane ['baiplein]
blindage [ blaindid3 ]
block [bbk]
blockade [bb'keid]
blond (e) [bbnd]
bolt [banilt] — болт, засов
bomb [bom]
booklet ['buklit]
boom [bu:m] — гул, шум,
fkaerikta^]
бум
boss [bos]
boulevard ['bu:lva:d]
boxing ['boksiq]
boycott ['boika^t]
breeches [britjiz] — бриджи
breeze [bri:z] — бриз
brigade [bri'geid]
brilliant ['bnlja’nt]
Broadway ['bro:dwei]
broker ['branika*] — оцен­
щик
217
bronze [bronz]
budget ['bAd3 it]
businessman ['biznismaen]
C
cabin ['kasbin]
cabinet [ ’kaebinit], ['kaebnit]
calendar ['kaelinda-], [ kaetand^]
calorie ['kaelari]
camera ['kaema-r^]
capitulate [kar'pitjuleit]
captain ['kaeptin]
carp [ka:p]
catalogue ['kaeta^bg]
categorical [^aeti'gorik^l]
centre ['senta\|
ceremonial ^seri'maunja1!]
ceremony ['serim^m]
champion ['tjasmpja-n]
character ['kaera"kta\|, •
chemical ['kemika^l]
cheque [tj"ek]
chief [tj:if]
chlorine ['kb:ri:n]
chocolate [ ’tjoka-lit]
chorus ['koira's]
Christian ['kristjsrn]
cigar [si'ga:]
cigarette [^iga^'ret]
cinema f'simma"] 4
citadel ['sita-dl]
218 Cjioeapb 0M0(p0H06 u UHmepH.au,uoHCuiu3Moe
civilization [^ivilai'zeijn]
classic ['klæsik]
clerk [kla:k]
C lien t ['klaiant]
clim ate ['klaimit]
club [klAb]
cocktail ['kokteil]
cocoon [ka^'kuin]
co e ffic ien t [^kaWfijarit]
c o ffee ['kafi]
collect [ka^'lekt]
colony ['kalam]
colossal [ka^'lasl]
com bination ^kambi'neijn]
com edy ['kamidi]
command [kzr'maind]
com m entary [ kama-nta-fi]
commune [ka^mjuin]
companion [ka'fn'pænja'n]
compensate f'kampariseit]
coAiplex f'kampleks]
com plim ent ['kamplimant]
composite ['kampa-zit]
compress [karn'pres]
compromise ['komprarnaiz]
com puter [kaWpjuita"]
comrade ['komrid], ['kAmrid]
concentrate ['kansentreit]
c on fed era tion [ka^feda^-
reijn], [ka^feda^'reijVn]
confiscate [ ’kanfiskeit]
con flict [ ’konflikt]
congress ['kaqgra-s]
conspirator [ka-n1s p ir a l]
constitution ^kansti'tjuija-n],
[,kansti'tju:Jn]
consultation [kansa’fteijan]
contact [,k3"n'tækt]
context ['kantekst]
continent ['kantinant]
contract f'kantrækt]
contrast ['kontræst], ['kontraist]
control [kan'traml]
convoy ['kanvai]
cooperate [kani'apa-reit],
cooperation [ka^apa^reiJVn]
copeck ['kaoipek]
coordinate [kam'a:dineit]
coquette [kWket], [ko'ket],
[ka^'ket]
coral ['kara^l]
copy ['kapi]
corporation [1ko:pa"'reij'avn]
correspon d [jkaris'pond],
l^kara-s'pand]
corridor ['kanda:], ['karida^]
corruption [ka^'rApjan]
cosmetic [kaz'metik]
costume ['kastjuim], [kas'tjurm]
cottage ['katid3]
cream [kri:m]
credit [’kredit]
cretin ['kretin], ['kri:tin]
critic ['kritik]
crocodile ['kraka-dail]
crossing ['krasiq], ['kraisiq]
 1 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
crystal ['kristl]
cube [kju:b]
culinary ['клИпэл]
cultural ['kAl^ara-l]
cutlet ['kAtlit]
cycle t'saikl] — ц икл
cyclone ['saikla-un]
cynic ['simk]
D dentist ['dentist]
dandy ['dasndi]
debate [di'beit]
debauch [di'boitj]
debit ['debit]
decade ['dekeid], [di'keid],
d^'keid]
d ecad en t [di'keida^nt],
[ deka-da-nt]
decim etre ['desi mi:t^]
declamation ^dekl^'meijan]
declaration ^dekl^'reijVn]
decoration ^dek^'reija-n]
decree [di'kri:]
defau lt [di'fo:lt], [di'fblt]
defect [di'fekt]
d efic it ['defisit], [ ’diifisit]
deform ation [ ldi:fo:'meiJ‘avn]
degradation ^degr^'deijVn]
delicate ['delikit]
d em a go gic [^em a^gogik],
|,demygDd3ik]
demarcation ^dkmai'keiJVn]
demarche ['deima:J]
219
dem obilization [ ldi:lm3,ubi-
lai'zeija-n]
dem ocratic ^dem^'kraetik],
[^emau'kreetik]
democracy [di'mokra^si]
demon [ di:m;rn]
dem onstrate ['dema-nstreit]
d e m o ra liza tio n [di,mor3"-
lai'zeija-n], [d^morlai'zeijVn]
departm ent [di'paitma-nt]
deportation [ ldi:po:'teiJ'3vn]
deposit [di'pozit]
depression [di'prejVn]
deputy ['depjuti]
despot ['despot], ['despot]
dessert [di'za^it]
detail ['dnteil], [di'teil]
detective [di'tektiv]
determ inate [di'tominit]
detonate ['detouneit],
['dutauneit], ['diita^neit]
devaluation [di:vaelju'ei(Vn]
d evil ['devl]
diagnosis ^daia^gWusis]
diagonal [dai'sega^nl]
diagram ['daia^gram]
dialect ['daia'-la'kt]
dialogue [ ’daia-log]
diam eter [dai'aemita1]
diamond ['daia^ma-nd]
dictation [dik'teija]
dictator [dik'teita^]
220 C jioeapb OMOCponoe u uH m epH a u,u oH cuiu 3M oe

diction ['dik jV n] d o ctrin e ['doktrin]

diet ['daia-t] d o lla r ['dola1]
d iffe re n tia te [ ldifaJrenJieit], do m in a n t ['dominant]
[^ fa -'re n jjeit] d o s e [d o u s ]
d iffu s io n [d i'fju g a n ] dozen ['dAzn]
d ip lo m a [dip'tau m ^] d ra in a g e ['dremid 3]
d ip lo m a t ['diplamaet] d ra m a ['draima*]
d ip lo m a tic [,dipla"'mætik], d u et [dju:'et]
Ldipbu'm ætik] d u p lic a te ['dju:plikeit]
directive [di'rektiv], [dai'rektiv] d u t y -fr e e ['dju:ti'fri:]
d ire c to r [di'rekta^] d y n a m ic [dai'naemik],
d isciplin e ['disiplin] [di'naemik]
d isc o m fo rt [dis'kAm f^t] d y n a sty [ dma-sti]
d isc red it ['dis'kredit]
d iscu ssion [dis'kAja-n] E
d isin fe c t [^isin'fekt] eccentric [ik'sentrik]
d isk [disk] echelon ['e jV b n ]
d islocation [ ldisl3"'keij’n], echo ['ekam]
[ ldislou'keiJa'«] econom ic [ li:kaJn3mik],
d is o r g a n iz e [dis'oiga-naiz], [,eka" nomik]
[di'zo:g^naiz], ['dis'oiga-naiz] ecstasy ['eksta-si]
d iso rien ta te [dis'oirienteit] e ffe c t [I'fekt]
disp ersio n [d i s 'p a ^ n ] egoism ['e g ^ u iz^ m ], egoist
disproportion [^ispr^'poijari] ['egannst]
disqu alification [dis(kwolifi- elastic [I'laestik], [i'la:stik]
'keifam], [ ldiskwohfi'keij-3vn] electorate [I'lektarit]
d isse rta tio n ^disa-i'teija-n] electric [I'lektrik]
d issid en t t'disidsrnt] electrod e [I'lektraud]
d iv a n [di'væ n], [dai'væn], electron [I'lektron]
[ daivæn] e le g y ['elid 3i]
d iv id e n d ['d ividen d] elem en t ['elima'nt]
d o c k [d o k ] e m a n c ip a te [I'maensipeit],
d o ctor ['doktsr ] [e'maensipeit],
 I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов 221

■•mancipation [i,maensi'pei- e q u iv a le n t [I'kwivo^loTit],

|vn], [e^aen si'p eijan] [i'k w ivl^n t]
em b argo [em 'ba:gaii], era ['із т а ]
|iin'ba:g3"u] e r a d ia tio n [^reidi'eijo’-n],
em blem ['em blarn] [i^reidi'eijari]
embryon ['embriDn], ['embrian] e r o tic [l'rotik]
e m ig ra n t ['em igrant] e ru d itio n ^eru'dijVn],
em otion [I'm^uJVn] ^erju'dijVn]
(‘tnperor ['empara"] esca la tor ['eska^leitsr]
em p ire ['empaia-] escort ['esko:t]
em u lsion [I'mAlJVn] es tra d e [es'traid]
eth ics ['e0iks]
e n e rg y ['ena-dji], e n e rg e tic
eth n o g ra p h y [e0'nogr^fi]
|cn^'dsetik], [lena'Vd3etik]
e th n o lo g y [е0'по1зчізі]
enthusiasm [in'Ojuiziaezatn],
e tiq u e tte [,eti'ket], ['etiket]
|cn'0ju:ziaez3"m], [en'0u:zjae-
e ty m o lo g y [ ^ ti'm o la ^ i]
/.rm]
eva cu a tion [^vaekju'eijVn]
ephem eral [r'fem ar^l],
e v o lu t io n [^ iv ^ 'l u i j V n ] ,
|c'fcmOT3"l], [e'fiimaT^l]
^evWluija-n], ^ev^ljuijVn]
epic ['epik]
e x a m , - in a tio n [ig'zaem ],
ep idem ic [ tepi'demik]
[ig ^ m i'n e ij’o-n]
ep ig ra m ['ep igram ]
ex em p la r [ig'zem plo1]
epigraph ['epigraif], ['epigraef]
e x o tic [eg'zotik], [ek'sotik],
ep ilo g u e ['epilog] [ig zotik]
episode ['episa'ud] e x p a n s io n [iks'paenjan],
ep ith et ['epi03"t], ['epiGit] [eks'pasnjVn]
epoch ['i:pok] e x p e d itio n [ ^kspi'dija’-n]
epopee ['epampi] e x p e rim e n t [iks'perim ent],
epos ['epos] [eks'perimo-nt]
e q u a to r [i'kweitO "], equ a- e x p e r t ['ekspa^t]
11 »rial [^ kw ^'toiri^l] ex p lo ita tio n ^ekspbi'teija-n]
e q u l i b r is t [ i'k w ilib r is t ], e x p o rt [eks'po:t] —f гла гол;
|,i:kwi'librist] e x p o r t — су щ . ['ekspo:t]
222 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов

exposition [^ekspo'ziJVn], fetish ['fi:tij], [ fetij] — фе

[,ekspa"U zij>n] тиш, кумир
express [iks'pres] fiasco [fi æskaai]
expropriate [eks'prauprieit] figurative ['figjura'tiv],
exterritorial [ 'eks,teri 'to:ri^l] ['figaraliv]
extra ['ekstrsr] figure ['figa1]
extradition [^kstra^'dij^n] filial ffilj^l], ['filial]
extraordinary [iks'tradnri], filter ['filtar-J
[eks'tradinari], [eks'traidanari] filtrate ['filtreit], ['filtrit]
extravagant [iks'trævigsm't], final ['fainl]
[eks'træv^ga'nt] fin an cial [fai'nænjVl],
extreme [iks'triim], [eks'tri:m] [fi'nænj>l]
exu ltation ^egzAl'teiJVn], finish ['finij]
[^ks^l teijVn] firm [’fæm]
fixation [fik'seijVn]
F
*
flag [flæg]
flagm an ['flægmæn]
fabricate ['fæbrikeit] flannel ['flænl]
fact [fækt] flirt [fla^t]
factor ['faekto] flora ['floiraj
facultative ['fæk^ltativ] focus ['faukas]
fak ir ['faikia-], [fa^'ki^] folklore ['faukb:]
fam iliarity [f^mili'æriti] form ai ['formel]
fanatic [f^'nætik] form ation [foi'meijVn]
fan tastic [fæn'tæstik] form ula ['ftimjuta]
fan tasy ['fænta^si] form ulate ['foimjuleit]
fascism ['fæjizam], ['fæjizm] fort [fo:t]
fatal ['feitl] fortune ['foitjsm]
fauna ['fo:n3\) forum ['foiram]
federal ['fedaral] fountain ['fauntin]
feminine ['feminin] foyer ['fbiei], [fwaje]
ferment ['fument] fraction [lfrækjavn] — доля,
festival ['festival], ['festival] дробь, частица
 Cjioeapb 0 M 0 (p 0 H 0 e u u H m e p H a it ,u o H a jiu 3 M o e 223

fresco ['freskati] glycerin e ^glisa-'riin],

fr ig id ity [fri'd3iditi] ['glisarin], ['glisariin]
fun ction ['fAgkjari] gnom e [na-um]
fund [fAnd] g o lf [golf]
fundam ental [^And^'mcntl] gon g [gag]
gradation [gra^'deijn]
G gram m ar ['græma\]
gram ophone ['graema'famn]
g alla n t ['gaela-nt]
g ran ite fgrænit]
g a lle ry ['gaslari]
gran u la r ['grænjula"]
gallop ['gaela'p]
grap h ic ['græfik]
galoch [g^bj]
grap h ite ['græfait],f'greifait]
g alvan ic [gasl'vaenik]
g ra v ita tio n ^graevi'teijVn]
gangster ['gaeqsta1], ['gaeijksta1]
g rill [gril]
g a ra g e ['gasra:3], ['gaerid3],
grim ace [gri'meis]
| 'gaera:d3]
g ro g [grog]
gas [gaes] grotesque [gra-u'tesk]
g azette (ofpuu,.), [ga-'zet]
g u a ran ty ['gæra-nti]
gelatin e [d33 "la" ti:n] g u ita r [gi'ta:]
genealogy J^ iim 'asla^i] gym nastic [d3im'næstik]
general [^enara-l]
generator [^ e n a re ita ]
H
genetics [d3e'netiks],
[d33 "'netiks] h allu cin atio n [ha^luisi'nei-
genius [ld3i:njacs] jan ], [ha^ljuisi'neijn]
gentlem an ['d3entlmen] harem ['hearem], [ha-'riim],
geographer [dsi'agra-fa-] [ heararo]
gestu re ['d3estja"] harpoon [ha:'pu:n]
geyser ['gaiza1] H-bomb ['eitjbom]
gia n t [^aia-nt] hectare ['hekta:], ['hektea”],
g ig a n tic [d3ai'gasntik] [hek'ta:], ['hekta:r]
g ir a ffe [d3i'ra:f|, [d3i'raef] h egem ony [hi^gemaTii],
globe [gtaub] ['hed3ima"m], ['hegimani]
224 Cjioeapb oMotponoe u uHmepHau,uoHajiu3Moe
helicopter ['helikopte]
heraldic [he'raeldik],
[hi'raeldik], [he'raeldik]
herbarium [ha-i'beana-m]
hero [lnaram], ['hja^ra-u]
heroic [hiWuik], [hetauik],
[he'rauik]
heroism ['hereuiza-m]
hierarchy ['haiaraiki]
h ieroglyp h ['h a iereglifj,
['haia-ra-ughf)
hippodrome ['hipa-dramm]
historic [his'torik]
history ['histari]
hobby ['hobi]
hockey ['hoki]
hooligan ['huiligen]
horizontal [^on'zontl]
hospital ['hospitl]
hotel [hW tel], [he'tel]
human ['hju:men]
humanitarian [hju^maem-
lt£3'TI3vn]
humorist ['hjuimerist]
hydrant ['haidrent]
hydroplane ['haidra-uplein],
['haidra-plein]
hydrostation ['haidreustei-
jVn]
hygiene ['haid3 i:n]
hyperbole [hai'pa^ba-b]
hypnosis [hipWusis]
hypothesis [hai'poBisis],
[hai'poGa-sis]
hysterical [his'terika-l]
I
icon ['aikan], [ aiken]
idea [ai'die]
identification [ai,dentifi'kei-
jVn]
ideological [ laidi3'lbd3ik3tl],
[^die'bdgikel]
ideology [ laidi'ola^l3 i],
[ lidi,ola^d3i]
idiom ['idia-m], ['idja-m]
idiot [’idia-t], ['idja-t]
idol ['aidl]
idyll [ ’idil], ['aidil]
ignore [ig'no:],[ig'n3e]
illegal [i'li:ga-l], [Vlngel]
illogical [I'bd^ika'-ll,
[Vbd3ikel]
illumination [i^jumi'neijan],
[^luimmeifan]
illusion fi'lu:33Ti], [I'lju^en]
illustrate ['ila^streit]
imagination [ilmaed3 i'nerj'a^n]
im itate ['imiteit]
immigrant ['migrant]
immobile [i Wubail], [1Wubi:l]
immunity [i'mju:mti]
impeachment [im'pi:tjma-nt]
imperial [im'pianel],
[im'piriel]
 I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
im perialism [im 'piari^li-
/зчп], [im'pjeirielizem]
im plant [im'plaint];
im p o rt — с у щ . ['im po:t],
глаг. [im'po:t]
im portant [im'poitent]
im pressive [im'presiv]
im provise [‘impra-vaiz],
['impruvaiz]
impulse ['impAls]
im pulsive [im'pAlsiv]
in a d e q u a te [in'aedikw it],
['in'aedikwit]
in a u g u ra tio n [^noigju'rei-
jVn], [^noigja-'reijan]
incarnation [^nkai'neijati],
[^gkai'neijen]
incident ['insidant]
in crim in ate [in'krimineit],
[iq'krimineit]
incubator ['inkjubeite],
['igkjubeite]
incrustation [lmkrAs'teij’a n],
[^gkrAs'teiJari]
index ['indeks]
indicator ['indikeite],
[^ndi'keite]
in d iv id u a l [ lindilvicljuavl],
[jindi'vidjw^l]
industrial [in'dAstriel]
in d u stry ['inda'stri]
inert [I ne:t]
infan tile ['infjmtail]
8 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов
225
infection [in'fekjen]
in filtra te ['infiltreit] —
фильтровать
inform ation [^nf^'meijyri]
in g re d ie n t [in 'griid jen t],
[ig'griidient]
inhalation [^nhe'leiJVn]
initiate [i'nijieit], [I'nijjeit]
injection [in'dgekjVn]
innovation [^nW veijV n]
in q u isitio n [^nkw i'zijaii],
[^gkwi'zija^n]
insinuation [in ^mju'eijan]
inspector fin'spckta1]
in s t a b ilit y [^ n ste 'b iliti],
['inste'bihti]
instinct ['instigkt]
institu te ['institjuit]
instruction [in'strAkJan]
in stru cto r [in'stTAkt^]
in stru m en t ['instrument],
['instrument]
in tegrate ['intigreit]
intellect ['intilekt]
intelligence [in'telidgens]
intensive [in'tensiv]
interaction [^nter'ækjen]
interchange [^nte'tjeindg]
intercom m unication
[lintekelmju:ni'keiJ‘en]
interest ['intrist], ['intrest],
['interact]
in tern atio n al [^nee'næJV-
nel], [.m te 'n æ J W l]
226 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
interpretation [inlt3'îpnlteijan]
interval [W a 'w l]
intervention [^nt^'verijVn],
[lint3J venj3in]
interview ['inta^vju:]
intim ate ['intimit]
intonation [^ntam'neija-n],
^inta-'neijan]
intoxicate [in'toksikeit]
intrigue [in'trirg]
introvert ['mtrauva-it],
['intra-va-it]
intuition [lintju'ij-3"n]
invalid ['inva'liid], ['invalid]
inversion [in'v3v:j'3'n]
invest [in'vest]
ironic [ai'romk]
irony ['aiaram]
irration al [I'raeja-na^l]
irrigatio n [jin'geijan]
isolation [ais3"'leij'atn],
Laisaai'leijVn]
J khaki ['ka:ki], ['ka:ki:]
jackal ['d3æko:l]
jacket ['d3aekit]
jag u ar ['dgaegju^],
['d3ægja:J, ['d3ægw^]
jam [d3æm]
jazz fd3æz]
jeep [d3i:p]
je lly ['d3eli]
je rsy ['d3&:z\]
jewellery [^ma-ln], [Мзиэ4п],
['d3u:ln}, ['d3uilri]
jockey ['d3oki]
journal ['d3aral]
journalism [^зэчпеЬгэта]
jubilee ['d3u:bili:]
jungle ['d3Angl]
ju risd ic tio n [^ua-Tis'dik-
JVn], [^oaTis'dikJari]
jurisprudence ['dsuanspru:-
da^ns]
ju rist ['d3 U3Tist], ['d30OTist]
ju ry ['d3 U3 Ti], ['d3oan]
jute [’d3u:t]
justice ['d3AStis]
juvenile ['d3u:vinail] — под­
росток, юношеский
К
keeper t'kiipa^]
kerosene ['kera-siin]
ketchup ['ketjVp]
kilogram (me) [‘kila-græm],
[‘kila-ugræm]
kilometre ['kila^miita-],
['kilam^irta^], [ki'lomit»]
kilowatt [lalawot], ['kilouwot]
kinem atics ^kaim'maetiks],
[,knli'mætiks]
kinetic [kai'netik], [ki'netik]
kurd [ksr:d]
■ Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
L literatu re [ lityrytjy],
laboratory fla^'bora^ta^ri]
labyrinth ['læbarinG],
['læbirinB]
lackey ['læki]
laconic [ly'konik]
lactation [læk'teijyn]
lady ['leidi]
lancet ['la:nsit]
laureate ['b:rat], ['briyt]
leader ['li:da-]
league [li:g]
lecture ['lektjy]
legal ['liigsrl]
legend ['led33-nd]
leggings ['legiqz]
legion ['li:d32rn]
lemon ['lemyn]
lens [lenz]
lethal ['li:0yl]
lexicon ['leksikyn]
liberal ['libyra-l]
licence ['laissons]
lieutenant [leftenant],
[Ic'tenynt]
lift [lift]
lily flili]
lim it ['limit]
linguist ['liqgwist]
linguistics [liq'gwistiks]
lion ['laiyn]
liquidation [^ikwi'deijyn]
literary ['lityryri]
x*
227
['litantjy]
litre [’liitar-]
livery ['livyri] — ливрея
local ['lyukyl]
location [bou'keijyn]
locomotive ^buky'm yutiv]
logic ['bd3ik]
logical ['bd3ikyl]
lord [b:d]
lottery ['btari]
loyal ['b iyl]
lumbago [Um'beigyu]
luminous ['luiminys],
['lju:minys]
lunatic ['lu:nytik], ['lu:ntik]
— сумасшедший
lynch [lintj]
lyric ['link]
M
macaroni ^mæky ryum]
machine [m y Ji:n]
m achinist [my Ji:nist]
magnate [ mægneit]
magnet [ mægnit]
m ajority [m^ d3oriti],
[m y d3Dryti]
management [ mænid3mynt]
manager [ mænid3y]
manifest [ mænifyst]
manipulate [mynipjuleit]
228________ Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов |
m anual — м а н у а л ьн ы й
[ masnjujrl], [ maenjwaHty,
[ maenjul]
manufactory ^masnju faektan]
manufacture LmasnjufaektjV]
manuscript [ masnjuskript]
marauder [marada'j
margarine ['іпакіззтіт],
^maigariin]
marmalade [ maima-teid],
[ maimleid]
m arshal [m a :jV l]
m ask [ma:sk]
mass [maes]
m assage [ maesa:3]
m assive [ massiv]
m aster [ ma:sta\|
m a teria l [ma^ ЦапаЧ]
m aterialistic [ma^tiana^ listik]
m athem atics [,тае0і msetiks]
m a ttress [ maetris] — м ат­
рац, тю ф як
m au soleu m ^maisa^ lia m ],
[,mD:s^ ІііЗ'т]
m axim u m [ masksima^m]
m echan ic [mikaenik]
m edal [ m edl]
m ed ical [ m edik^l]
m ed icin e [ medsin],
[ medisin]
megaphone [ mega'faun]
melancholy [ теІачікзЧі],
[ mela-ijka'h]
m elo d y [ mela^h]
m em orandu m [,т е т э ^ ra n ­
d o m ], [,memu rasndam]
m em o ria l [mi m oiri^l],
[m e т э :п э 4 ], [т э - moiria'l]
m en ta l [ mend]
m ercy [ ma^si]
m erid ia n [m eridian ],
[m i ridjaii]
m eta l, m eta lic [ m etl],
[mi taelik], [т з 1taslik]
m e ta llu rg y [m etaela^ i],
[mi tada^i]
metaphor [ met^fjr]
meteor [ miitja^]
m eteorite [ miitjarait]
meteorology п1эч1з1],
^miitia^ ro la ^ i]
meter, metre [ mi:ta]
method [ тебач!]
m ethodical [mi 0 adika4 ],
[ma^ Godika^l]
metric [ metrik]
metropolitan ^metnr politan]
— СТО ЛИ ЧН Ы Й
m icrob e [ maikra4ib]
m icrop h on e [ maikra'fsrun]
m icroscop e [ maikra'ska'up]
m ien [mi:n] — вы раж ен ие
л и ц а , м ина
m ig ra te [mai greit]
m ile [m ail]
m ilita r is t [ militarist]
 I Cjioeapb oMo<poHQ6 u uHmepHau,uoHcuiu3Moe
m illennium [mi lema-m],
[milenjam]
milliard [ milja:d], [ milia:d]
milligramme [ miligræm]
millimeter [ mill mi:ta"]
million [ milja-n]
millionaire [jmiljar near]
mimic [ mimik]
mineral [ mina-ra^l]
miniature [ minja'tJV],
[ mmia'tja'-], [ minitja-]
minimal [ minimi], m ini­
mum [ minimum]
minister [ rnmista1]
m inistry [ ministn]
minus [ maints]
minute [ minit]
mirage [ mirag], [mi rag]
mission [ mijan]
mister, mr [ mista^]
mix, mixer, mixture [miks],
[ miksa\|, [ mikstja"]
mobile [moa-ubail], [rrmibi:l],
[ ma-ubil]
mobilization Lma'ubilai zei-
jVn], ^ma'ublai "zeijVn]
model [ modi]
modern [ mada-n]
modification ^modifi keija^n]
modulate [ madjuleit]
molecule [ malikju:l],
[ m^ulikjuil]
moment [ ma-umarit]
monarch [ mana'k]
229
m onastery [ mana'Stari]
m onetary [ mAnitari]
monologue [ monolog]
m onopolist [m3" napa-bst],
[ma1naplist]
monotonous [ma" notants],
[ma1notais]
monument [ manjuma'nt],
[manj aroin t]
moral [ mara^l]
m orgue [ma:g]
m orphology [ma: fa la ^ i]
mosquito [ m « ki.'t^u],
[mas kiita^u]
m otel [mau tel]
m otive [ ma^utiv]
N
narcotic [na: katik]
nation [ neijn]
nation/alism [ næjna-hza'm]
natural/ist [ nætjra^list]
nature [ neitfa-]
navigate [ nævigeit],
navigator [,nævi geita^]
navigation [,nævi geija-n]
negative [ negativ]
negro [ niigram]
nervous [ na^va^s]
network [ netwa^k]
neutral [ njuitra'l]
nocturne [,nak ta^in]
i
230________ Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
nomenclature [пач1 menkla-
tfar], [nanjinenkleitja^]
nomination ^nomi neijVn]
non-stop [ nonstop]
nonsense [ nonsans]
norm, normal [nom], [ normal]
nostalgia [nos task^ra*], [nos
tældjja^]
notary [ nanitari]
novel, novelist [ nova^l],
[ novelist], [ novlist]
nuance [nju a:ns], [nju o:ns]
numeration [, njumareijVn]
numerator [ njuimareita1]
nymph [nimf]
О
oasis [ou eisis]
obligation [,abli geija^n]
observatory [a-b W :valri],
[ab "zawa'-tan]
obstruction [a^b strAkjan] —
препятствие, обструкция
[o'b "ztrAkjVn]
occupation [,okju peijan]
occupy [okjupai]
ocean [ auj>n]
ocular [ akjula] — глазной,
optic [ optik]
office [ ofis]
officer [ ofisa\|, [ ofsa]
official [a^fija-l], [o fijal]
|
olive [ oliv]
opal [ Vupa^l]
opera [ opara°]
operation ^opa^ reijVn],
operate [ apareit]
operative [ opa-rativ]
operetta [,opa" reta1]
opponent [a^ pamnant]
opportunist [ opa'tjumist],
[,opa" tjuinist]
opposition [,apa" zijVn],
[,opau zija'n]
optimism [ aptimiza-m],
optim ist [ optimist]
oracle [ ara'kl], [ orikl]
orator [ arata], [ arita^]
orbit [ o:bit]
orchestra [ oikistra^],
[ oika^tra^]
organ [ o:gan]
organic [o: gaenik]
organism [ oiga-nizam],
[ oigmza'tn]
o rg an izatio n ^oiga^nai zei-
Ja-n], [,o:gnai zeijan],
[,o:gm zeija^n]
o rien tatio n ^airien teijan]
original [a- ridjanl], [a nd3nl],
[a" ridga-na^l]
ornam ent [ ainarnant]
o rth o g rap h y [a:0agrafi]
oval [ aw a-l]
ozone [ aoizaun], [a^u zamn]
 | Cjioeapb 0M 0(p 0H0e u uHmepHau,uoHanu3MQ6
P party ['pa:ti]
pacifist [pa- sifist]
packet [ paekit]
pact [paekt]
palace [ paelis], [ pastas]
pampas [ paempa's]
pamphlet [ paemflit]
panel [ paenl]
panic [ p^nik]
panorama [ pxn& raima^]
panther [ paenBa']
pantomime [ paenta-maim]
parabola [pa^raeba’-la-]
parachute [ pasra-Juit]
parade [pa^ reid]
paradox [ paera'daks]
paraffin [ paera^fiin]
paragraph [ paera'graif]
parallel [ paera-tal]
paralyse [ paeralaiz]
parapet [ paera'pit]
paraphrase [ paera'freiz]
parasitic ^paera- sitik]
parasol [(paera" sal]
park [pa:k]
parliament [ pailimant],
[ pa:lamant]
parody [ paera'di]
parole [pa1rami]
parquet [ pa:kei], [ pa:ki],
[ pa:kit]
partisan [,pa:ti zaen]
partner [ pa:tna"]
231
pass [pa:s]
passport [ pa:spo:t]
paste [peist]
pastor [ pa:sta]
patent [ peita'nt]
patient [ peijant]
patriarch [ peitria:k]
patriot [ peitna-t], [ paetria-t]
patrol [pastrami]
patron [ peitran], patronage
[ p£etra-nid3], [ pEetmid3]
pavilion [pa-Vilja-n],
[pa1vilian]
pedagogical [ lpedagod3ika-l],
[^eda^ gavud3ika"l]
pedagogue [ pedagog]
pedal [ pedl]
pedant [ pedant]
penalty [ penlti]
pension [ penja-n]
perfume [ p3":fju:m]
period [ pianatl], [ pja^iria-d]
periphery [pa- rifari]
perpendicular [p&vpvn dikjula*],
[,pa":pn dikjuta]
personnel [,pa":s3" nel],
[,pa-:s nel]
perspective [pa^ spektiv],
[pa^: spektiv]
pessimistic [ jpesi mistik]
petition [pitija-n], [pa-tijan]
232________ Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов |
petrol [ petrel], [ petrol]
phantasy [ fsentaesi]
phantom [faentain]
pharm acy [ fa:ma"Si]
phenomenon [fi nominal]
philanthropy [fi lasnBra'pi]
philologist [fi bla'dgist]
philology [fi lola^d3i]
philosopher, -y [fi bsa-fa’-],
[fi bsa-fi]
phlegm atic [fleg mastik]
phone [foun]
phonetic [fa-u netik],
[fa^ netik]
photograph [ fzrutogra:f],
- er [f^togra-fa^]
phrase [freiz]
phraseology [,freizi ola^d3i]
physics [ fiziks]
physiognom y [,fizi anarni]
physiology [,fizi a la ^ i],
- ist [lfizralavd3ist]
pianist [ pjasnist], [pia-nist],
[piaenist]
picket [ pikit]
picnic [ piknik]
pilgrim [ pilgrim]
pilot [ pailart]
pistol [ pistl]
placard [ plaskaid]
plan [plaen]
plantation [plaen teija^n],
[plain teijam]
plaster [ plaista^]
plastic [ plaestik]
platform [ plaetfoim]
planet [ plasnit]
plenary [ рНіпаті] — весь,
целый, пленарный
plus [pLvs]
pneumatic [nju mastik]
pneumonia [nju ma^unja^],
[nju тачіша^]
poem [ рачшп], [ рачіачп]
poet [ pa-out], [ раиаЧ]
polar [ рачіЬ]
polemic [pa lemik]
police [pa^ li:s]
policy [ palisi], [ pabsi]
politic [ palitik], [ раїзЧік]
political [pa1litika^l],
[рачі litika^l], [pu litika^l]
politics [ palitiks]
polytechnic [pa-li teknik]
pomp [pomp]
pontoon [pan tu:n]
pony [рачіпі]
popular [ papjub]
popularize [ papjubraiz]
port [pa:t]
portion [ pa:jVn]
portrait [ paitrit]
pose [рачіг], position
[pa^zija^n], [puzijari]
positive [ paza4iv], [pazitiv]
post [p341St]
 |Cjioeapb QM Q(poH oe u u H m ep H a u ,u oH a jiu 3 M oe
postman [ pa-ustmaen]
poster [ pa-usta-]
potency [ pa-uta-nsi]
potential [pa- tenja-1],
[pa-u tenja-1], [pu tenja-l]
potentiality [pa^en^i aeliti],
[pa-u,tenjraeliti]
practical [ praektika-l]
practice [ praektis]
preamble [pri: aembl],
[pri aembl]
prefix [ pri:fiks]
prelude [ prelju :d]
premier [ premia-], [ premja-]
premium [ pri:mja-m],
[ pri:mia-m]
preparatory [pri paera-ta-ri],
[pra- paera-ta-ri]
prerogative [pri raga-tiv],
[pra-raga-tiv]
present [pri zent]
presentation [,prezen teija-n],
[,preza-n teija-n]
preservative [pri za-:va-tiv]
president [ prezida-nt]
press [pres]
prestige [pres ti:3 ]
presumption [pn zAmpJa-n],
[pra- ZAmpja-n]
preventive [pn ventiv],
[pra- ventiv]
price-list [ prais list]
prim itive [ primitiv]
233
prince [prins]
princess [prin ses]
principle [ prinsipl]
print, printer [print],
[ printa-]
priority [prai ariti]
private [ praivit]
privilege [ pnvilid3 ]
prize [praiz]
probation [pra-beijan], [pra-u-
beija-n], [pru beija-n]
problem [ prabla-m],
[ prablim]
procedure [pra- si:d33-],
[prou si:d3 a-], [pru si:d33-]
process [ pra- uses]
proclamation [ prakla- meija'n]
product [ prada-kt], [ pradvkt]
profession, — al [pra- feja-n],
[pru feja-n], [pra- feja-nl]
professor [pra- fesa-], [pm fesa-]
profile [ pra-ufi:l], [ pra-ufail]
prognosis [prag na-usis]
program (me) [ pra-ugraem]
progress, -ive [pra- gres],
[prou gres]; [pra- gresiv]
project [ prad33-kt],
[ prad3 ikt]
prologue [ pra-ulag]
prolongation ^pra-ulai] gei-
Ja-n], [,pralai] geija-n]
propaganda, -ist [,prapa--
gaenda-], [,prapa- gaendist]
i
234 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов |
propeller [pra^u pela1],
[pra^pela\]
prophilactic [,prafi laektik]
proportion [pra-paiJaTi],
[pru po:Ja-n]
prosaic [pra-u zenk],
[pra1 zenk]
prose [prouz]
prospect [praVpekt],
[pros pekt]
p ro test [ pra-utest]
protocol [ pra-uta-kal]
protuberant [pra- tju:barant]
provider [pra- vaida-]
province [ pravins]
provision [pra^ vi33"n],
[pru v ^ n ]
provocation [jjrova-'keiJaii],
[,provani keijan]
pseudonym [ sjuidaium],
[ suida^mm]
psychiatrist [sai kaia-trist],
[sa" kaia'trist]
psychologist, -gy
[sai k a la^ ist], [sai kaladgi]
public, -ation [ pAblik],
[,pAbli keiJVn]
pull-over [ pul,auva-]
pulsation [pAl seijan]
pulse tpAls]
pulverizer [ pAlvaraiza^]
punctual [ pAqktjua^l],
[ pAqktjwa-1]
pyjam as [pa^ d3a:maiz],
[pi d3a:mavz]
pyram id [ IjpirOm Id]
Q
qualification ^kwalifi keifari]
q u a rte r [ kwa:ta]
q u artz [kwaits]
quota [ kwanita]
R
race [reis], racial [Veija-l]
racket [ raekit]
racketeer [,ræki W ] — вы­
могатель
radar [ reida^], [ reida:]
rad iatio n [,reidi eija^n],
radiate [ reidieit], [ reidjeit]
radio [ reidiaoi], [ reidjani]
radio-location [ reidianla'-u-
keijan]
radical [ rædika1!]
raid [reid]
rajah [ га^зэ^]
rally [ ræli]
ranch [ra:ntj], [ræntf]
ratification [ ,rætifi keijan]
rating [ reitiq]
ration [ ræjVn]
rational [ ræja^nl]
rationalization ^raefna'-lai-
zeijan]
 I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов ________ 235
rea ction [ri агк$зчі]
r e a c tiv e [ri asktiv]
re a lis tic [ria^ listik],
[,ri:^ listik]
r e a lity [ri aeliti]
re a liz a tio n [ (п^1аі zeija n ],
[^ia^li zeija^n]
reclam a tion [,гек1^ m eijVn]
recom m end [,rek^ mend]
recom m en dation ^rekarnen
deijVn], [.гектзті deijVn]
recon stru ct [ riikans trAkt],
[ rikons trAkt]
recon sru ction [ riik^ns trAk-
j> n ]
record (г л а г о л ) — [ri ko:d],
[r^ ko:d]
rec re a tio n [,rekri eijVn]
re c ru it [ri kru:t], [t& kru:t]
re c to r [ rekt3\|
re fe r e e [,гейг ri:]
r e fle c t iv e [ri flektiv]
r e fo r m [ri fo:m], -a tion
[^efa-meija^n]
r e fr a in [ri frein], [ra1 frein]
r e frig e ra to r [ri frid33vreita'],
[гз^й^зз* reita*]
r e g e n t [ ri:d3 ^nt]
re g im e [rei з і: т ], [re з і : т ]
re g io n [ ri:d334i]
r e g is tra tio n [,red3 is treijVn]
reg res s [n gres]
re g u la r [ regjula"]
regulation [,regju leijaii]
rehabilitation [ riia^bili tei-
M
reincarnation — перевоп­
лощение [ rinnka: neij>n],
[,п:1пка: neijVn]
relaxation [,ri:laek seijVn]
release — отпускать, ос­
вобождать, выпускать [ri
li:z], [гз^ h:z]
relic [ relik]
religion [rilid33n], [r2rlid3?n]
remake [ ri: meik]
remark [ri ma:k]
renegade [ renigeid]
rent [rent]
reorganize [ ri: "o:g34iaiz]
reparation [.repa1reijVn]
repatriation [ ri:paetri eija^n]
repellent — отталкиваю­
щий [гэ^ pelaTit], [ri pela-nt]
repetition [,repi tijan]
report [ri po:t]
repressive [ri presiv],
[r& presiv], -ion [ri prejVn],
[ra prejVn]
reproduction LriipradAkJaTi],
[,ri:pru dAkJa^n]
reptile [ reptail]
republic [ri pAblik]
reputation [,repju teijVn]
requisition [,rekwi zijan]
reservation [,Л г^ veijVn],
[ trez&: veijVn]
236 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов |
reserve [ri 'zsr :v], [t& za-ïv]
reservoir [ reza'vwa:],
[ reza'vwa:]
re sid e n t [ re zid a n t], -al
[,rezi denja^l]
reso lu tion [ trez& liuja-n],
[,rezl uijan]
resonant [ rezna'nt]
resource [n so:s], [ras sois],
[ri za:s]
respectable [ris pekta'bl],
[raspektabl]
respirator [ respireita1],
[ respareita']
restaurant [ restaraig],
[ restarant], [ resteront]
restoration ^resta- reijan],
presto: reijVn]
result [ri ZAlt]
retrospective [,retr3"U spek-
tiv], ^riitrati spektiv]
review [n Vju:], [ra^vju:]
3
revision [n v ^ n ] , [ra^ vi an]
revolution [,reva- lu:jVn],
-ary ^reva- lu:Jnari],
[,revu lu:Ja-nOTi]
revolver [ri : vo:lva\|
revue [ri vju:], [ra^ vju:]
rhapsody [ ræpsa'di]
rhom bus [ ramba^s]
rhyme [raim]
rhythm [ rutom], [ riGam];
rhythmic [ nômik], [ riGmik]
rice [rais]
risk [risk]
robot [raubot], [ robot],
[ гоЬаЧ]
rocket [ rakit]
role [гачії]
roller — ролик [ гачіїа^]
roman [ гачітачі], -tic
[гэчпэепПк], [гачі maentik]
rose [raniz]; rosary [ ra-uzan]
rosy frauzi]
rotation [rani teijan]
route [ru:t] — маршрут
ruby [ ru:bi]
ruin [ ruin]
S
sabotage [ saeba^ta^]
saddle — седло [ saedl]
safe [seif]
saga [ saiga1]
salad [ sffila^d]
saloon [sa^ lu:n], [si u:n]
salute [sa^ lu:t], [si u:t],
[sa^ljuit]
sanatorium [^зепа- to:riam]
sanction [ saeqkjan]
sandal [ saendl]
sanitary [ s^nitari]
sapphire [ saefaia1]
sarcasm [ saikaszarn]
sarcastic [sa: kaestik]
 I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
sardine [sa: dim]
sateen [sae ti:n]
satire [ saetaia]
satirical [sa^ ’tinka-l]
sauce [sa:s] — coyc
scalp [skaelp]
scalpel [ skaelp^l]
scan [skaen] — вниматель­
но рассматривать, изучать
scandal [ skasndl]
scenario [si na:rmi]
scene [si:n] — сцена
sceptic [ skeptik]
scheme [skiim]
scholastic [k^ laestik],
[skolaestik]
schooner [ skuina1]
scrupulosity [,skru:pju lositi]
— щепетильность
sculptor [ sL\.lpta\]
sculpture [ skAlptJV]
sherry [ Jen]
shift [Jift]
shilling [Jiliq]
shock ЦЪк]
show [jVu]
signal [ signal], [ signl]
silk, silky [silk], [ silki]
single [ siqgl]
siphon [ saifa^n]
skeleton [skelitn]
sketch [sketj^ — набросок,
эскиз
237
slang [slæq]
smack [smæk]
smoker [ smanika^]; non-
smoker [ non smaoik^]
sniper [ snaipa\|
snob [snob]
social [ sanija^l]
soda [ samda1]
sofa [ savufav]
solar [ soula^
solidarity [,soli dæriti]
solo [ S34ll34l]
soprano [sa^ pra:nsru]
sort [sa:t]
souvenir [ suivant]
sovereign [ sovrin]
spasm [ spæzarn]
special [ speja^l]
specific [spi sifik]
spectacle [ spekta-kl],
[ spektikl]
spectral [ spektra^l] — про­
зрачный
spectrum [ spektrarn]
speculation ^spekju leijVn]
sphere [sfia^], spherical
[ sferika^]
spirit [ spirit]
sponsor [ spansa^]
spore [spa:], [spoa^]
sport [spo:t]
sportsman [ spaitÿna^n]
sprint [sprint], sprinter
[ sprinta^]
238 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
stabilization ^steibilai zei-
J>n]
stability [sto biliti]
stadium [ steidjara]
stagnation [stseg neijan] —
застой
standard [ staenda'd]
standardize [ staenda^daiz]
start [sta:t]
statist [ steitist], -ics
[stjr- tistiks]
statue [ staetju:]
status [ steitsrs]
statute [ stastju:t]
stenography [sta1 nogr^fi),
-er [ste nografa]
stimulate [ stimjuleit], -tion
[,stimju leijari]
stipend [ "staipa-nd]
stool [stu:l]
stop [stop]
storm [sto:m]
strategy [ straetid3i]
stratosphere [ straetaaisfia-*]
stress [stres]
structure [ stiwktjV], -al
[ strAktjar^l]
student [ stju:dant]
studio [ stjuidia-u]
style [stall]
stylistic [stai listik]
submarine [ sAbmarim],
[ SAbmriin],
subordination [sar-,br*:di nei
JVn]
subsidize [ sAbsi daiz]
subsidy [ sAbsidi]
su ffix [ SAfiks]
sultan [ sAltsra]
sum, summary [sAmari]
summit [ SAmit]
super [ sju:pa\|
superman [ sjuipa'maen],
[ suipamasn]
supervisor [ sju:p3"vaiz3"],
[ suipa'vaiza-]
surrogate [ SAragit],
[ SArugit], [sAra-geit]
symbol [ simb^l]
sym m etry [ simitri], -rical
[si metrik^l]
sym pathy [ simpa^i]
symphony [ simfaTii]
symptom [ simptsrm],
[ simptim]
syndicate [ sindikeit]
synonym [ sina-mm]
syntax [ sintseks]
syntactic [sin taektik]
syrup [ sira-p]
system [ sistim], [sista-rn]
T
tablet [ taeblit]
tabular ["taebjula"]
 I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
tact [taekt]
tactics [ taektiks]
tandem [ taenda-m], [ taendem]
tank [taegk]
tanker [ taegk3\|
ta riff [ tserif]
tattoo [ta'-'tu:], [tae tu:]
taxi [ taeksi]
technical [ tekmka^l]
technique [tek ni:k]
teenager [ ti:n,eid33"], teens
[ti:nz]
telegram [ teligraem]
telegraph [ teligra:f]
telephone [ telifsrun]
telescope [ tehskaup]
television [ teli,vi33"n]
temperament [ tempararoant]
temperature [ tempritfa],
[ tempra'tja*], [ temparitja"]
tendency [ tendonsi]
tender [ tenda"]
tennis [ tenis]
tenor [ tena^]
terminal [ ta-iminl]
terminology [ lter:minol3'd3i]
terrace [ tera-s]
territorial [,teri to:ria^l]
territory [ tentari]
terror [ tera]
test [test]
text [tekst]
textile [ tekstail]
239
theatre [ 01зЧэ^]
theme [ 0i:m]
theorem [Огатачп], [Biarim]
theoretical [0ia^ retika4]
theory [ 0iari]
thermal [ 0ачтгг1]
thermometer [ОачттйЭ'-],
['©mamita1]
thermos [ Oa^mos]
thesis [ 0i:sis], [ 0esis]
tiger [ taiga\|
tip top — первоклассный
['tip b p ], [ tiptop]
toast — 1) гренок; 2) тост
[ t^ust]
tobacco [ta^ bækau]
to ilet [ toilit]
tolerant [ tolerant]
tom ato [ta^ ma:tau]
tome [toum]
ton [Un], tonnage [ Unid3]
tone — гармонировать;
тон — [taun]
tonsillitis [(tansi laitis]
topic [ tnpik]
topography [ta^ pografi]
tornado [ta:neidou]
torpedo [to: piidaoi]
total [ toutl]
tour [toa-j, [toa], [to:]
toxic [ taksik]
track [træk]
tract [trækt] — 1) полоска
земли, воды; 2) брошюра
>
240 Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов
tractor [ trækta*]
tradition [tra^difan]
tragedy [ træd3 idi]
trajectory [træd3 iktOTi]
tramway [ træmwei]
trance [trains] — экстаз
tranquil [ træijkwil] — спо­
койный, мирный
transcontinental [ trænz-
,konti nentl]
transcription [træns krip-
JVn], [trains kripjVn]
transform [træns foim],
[trainsfoim]
transit ["transit], [ trainsit],
[ trainzit], [ trænzit]
transmission [tranz mijaii],
[trains miJam] — передача
transplant [træns plaint],
[trains plaint]
transport [ transport],
[ trainspoit]
transportation [,transporta-
J>n], ^trainspo: teiJVn]
tribune [ trib)ju:n]
tribunal [trai bjuinl],
[tri bjuinl]
triumph [ traiaraf]
tr iv ia l — н езн ачи тель­
ный, заурядный [ trivial],
[ tri vjsrl]
trolleybus [ trolibAs]
trophy [ troufi]
tropic [ tropik]
tsar [tsai], [zai]
tube [tjuib]
tulip [ tjuilip]
tune [tjuin]
tunic [ tjuinik]
tu n n el [ tAnl]
turbine [ ta^ibin], [ ta^ibain]
turbulent [ ta^ibjul^nt]
twist [twist]
type [taip], typical [tipika^l]
typhus [ taifa's]
tyrant [ taiars'nt], tyranny
[tiraiu]
U
u lt im a t u m [ ,Alti m eit^m ]
u lt r a - v i o le t [ Altra^ vaia'ht]
u n if o r m [ juinifoim ]
u n iq u e [ jui niik], [ju niik]
u n is o n [ ju in izn ], [ juinisn]
u n iv e r s a l [ juini V3"isa"l]
u n iv e r s it y [ juini V3"ISltl]
u n lim it e d [An lim itid]
u n n a t u r a l [An naetjral]
u n p o p u la r [ An popjula1]
u n p ro d u c tiv e [ Anpra" dvktiv]
u n r e a l [ An ri3"l]
u rb a n [V ib ^ n ]
u t i li t a r i a n [ juitili tea-ri^n]
u t ilis e [ juitilaiz]
 I Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов ________ 241

У viscose [ viskanis]
vacancy [ veik^nsi] visit [ vizit]
vaccinate [ vaeksineit], -tion vitamine [ vitamin],
[,va2ksi neijVn] [ vaitarnin]
vacuum [ vaekjuarn], volcanic [vai kaenik]
[Vaekjum] v o lt [voult]
valency [ veil^nsi] volleyb all [ valiba:l]
valet [ vaelit], [ vaeli], [ vaelei] vocal [ vanik^l]
— слуга volu n tary [ valaTitaTi]
vam pire [ vaempaia\) vouch [vautj] — ручаться
varian t [ Veanaiit] vulcanize [ VAlkariaiz]
variation [,уєзт eijVn] vu lga r [ VAlga-], -ity
vase [va:z] [vaI gaeriti]
vegetarian [,ved3i tea-ria-n]
venereal [уГпізпуі],
W
[va^ marn^l], [vi: maria^l]
ventilate [ ventileit], -tion waggon [ waega-n]
[,venti leijan] waltz [wo:ls], [wols], [wo:lts],
verdict [ va^dikt] [waits]
version [ V2r:fa4i] watt [wot]
vertical [ va^tik^l] web [web] — сеть, паутина
veteran [ veteran] western [ westari]
veterinary [ vetarinari], wrestling [ reslirj]
[ vetnri]
veto [ vi:tou]
X, Y, Z
vibration [vai breijVn]
vice [ vais] — вице- zephyr [ zefo]
virtual [ va-rtjua-l], [va^wa4], zero [ ZI3T341]
[ va^tjw^l] — фактический zipper [ zip&]
visa [ vi:za] — виза zone [zaun]

>
 W O R D B U IL D IN G
С ЛО В О О Б РА ЗО В АН И Е

Приводится список существительных (они выделены

жирным шрифтом), которые при помощи различных
приставок и окончаний образуют другие части речи: при­
лагательные, глаголы и наречия.

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

ability, disability, able, unable, enable, ably
inability disabled disable
acceptance acceptable, accept acceptably,
unacceptable, unacceptably
accepted
accident accidental accidentally
accuracy, accurate, accurately,
inaccuracy inaccurate inaccurately
accusation, the accusing accuse accusingly
accused, accuser
achievement, achievable achieve
achiever
act, action, inac­ acting act
tion, interaction,
reaction, trans­
action
activity, active, inac­ activate actively
inactivity tive, interac­
tive, proactive
addition additional add additionally
admiration, admirable admire admirably
admirer
 I W ord building 243

Продолжение
Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs
advantage, dis­ advantageous, advantageo­
advantage disadvantaged usly
advertisement,
advertiser, advertise
advertising
advice, adviser advisable, advise
inadvisable,
advisory
agreement, agreeable agree, agreeably
disagreement disagree
aim aimless aim aimlessly
amazement amazed, amaze amazingly
amazing
anger angry to be angry angrily
announcement, unannounced announce
announcer announced
appearance, appear,
disappearance, disappear,
reappearance reappear
applicant, applicable, apply
application applied
appreciation appreciable, appreciate appreciati­
appreciative vely
approval, approving, approve, approvingly
disapproval disapproving disapprove
approximation approximate approximate approxima­
tely
argument arguable, ar­ argue arguably
gumentative
arrangement arrange
rearrange
art, artist, artistry artistic artistically
244 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

shame ashamed, shame shamefully,
unashamed, shamelessly
shameful,
shameless
attachment attached, attach,
unattached, detach
detachable,
detached
attack, counter­ attack, coun­
attack, attacker ter-attack
attention attentive, attentively
inattentive
attraction, attractive, attract attractively
attractiveness unattractive
authority, authoritarian, authorize
authorization authoritative
unauthorized
availability available,
unavailable
avoidance avoidable, avoid
unavoidable
awareness aware unawares
base, the basics, baseless, basic base basically
basis
bearer bearable, bear
unbearable
beat, beating unbeatable unbeaten beat
beautician, beautiful beautify beautifully
beauty
beginner, begin
beginning
 I W ord building 245

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

behaviour / behavioural / behave,
US behavior, US behavioral misbehave
misbehaviour /
US misbehavior
belief, disbelief believable, believe unbelievably
unbelievable disbelieve
block, blockage blocked, block
unblocked unblock
blood, bleeding bloodless, bleed
bloody
the boil, boiler boiling boil
bore, boredom bored, boring bore boringly
break, outbreak, unbreakable, break
breakage broken,
unbroken
breath, breather, breathless breathe breathlessly
breathing
brother, brother­ brotherly brotherly
hood
build, builder, build,
building rebuild
burn, burner burning, burnt burn
burial buried bury
calculation, incalculable,
calculator calculated
calculating
calculate
.
calm, calmness calm calm calmly
capability capable, capably
incapable
care, carer careful, care­ care carefully,
less, caring, carelessly
uncaring
246 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

celebration, celebrated, celebrate
celebrity celebratory
centre / US center, central, cen­ centre, cen­ centraly
centralization, tralized tralize/US
decentralization center, de­
centralize
certainty, certain, certainly,
uncertainty uncertain uncertainly
challenge, challenging challenge
challenger
change changeable, change
interchange­
able, unchan­
ged, changing
character, characteristic, characterize characteris­
characteristic uncharacte­ tically
characterization ristic
chemical, che­ chemical chemically
mist, chemistry
circle, semicircle, circular circle,
circulation circulate
cleaner, clean­ clean, clean clean,
ing, cleanliness unclean cleanly
clarity, clearan­ clear, unclear clear clear, clearly
ce, clearing
close, closure closed, clos­ close closely
closeness ing, close
collection, collected, collect collectively
collector collective
colour/ US color, coloured / colour/ colourfully
colouring / US colored US color /US color­
US coloring discoloured / fully
 I W ord building 247

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

US discolored,
colourful
/US colorful,
colourless /
US colorless
combination combined combine
comfort, comfortable, comfort comfortably
discomfort uncomfortable,
comforting
commitment noncommittal, commit
committed
communication, communica­ communicate
communicator tive, uncom­
municative
comparison comparable, compare compara­
incomparable, tively
comparative
competition, competitive, compete competiti­
competitor uncompetitive vely
completion, complete, complete completely,
incompleteness incomplete incompletely
complication complicated, complicate
uncomplicated
computer, computerize
computing,
computerization
concentration, concerned, concentrate,
concern concentrated, concern
unconcerned
conclusion concluding, conclude conclusively
conclusive,
inconclusive
248 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

condition, precon­ conditional, condition conditionally
dition, conditioner, unconditional unconditio­
conditioning nally
confidence confident, confide confidently,
confidential confidentially
confirmation confirmed, confirm
unconfirmed
confusion confused, confuse confusingly
confusing
connection connected, connect,
disconnected, disconnect
unconnected
subconscious, conscious Consciously,
unconscious, subconscious, nconsciously
consciousness, unconscious
unconsciousness
consequence consequent, consequently
inconsequen­
tial
consideration considerable consider, considerably,
considerate, reconsider considerately
inconsiderate,
considered
continent continental,
interconti­
nental
continuation, continual, continue, continually,
continuity continued, discontinue continuously
continuous
contribution, contributory contribute
contributor
 I W ord building 249

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

control, controlling, control uncontroll­
controller uncontrollable ably
convenience, convenient, inconve­ conveniently
inconvenience inconvenient nience
conviction convinced, convince convincingly
convincing
unconvincing
cook, cooker, cooked, cook
cookery, cooking uncooked
cool, coolness cool cool coolly
correction, correct, correct correctly,
correctness incorrect, incorrectly
corrective
count, recount countable, count,
uncountable, recount
countless
cover, coverage, undercover, uncover undercover
covering cover, discover
uncovered
creation, creativity, creative, create, creatively
creator uncreative recreate
crime, criminal, criminal, incriminate criminally
criminologist incriminating
critic, criticism critical, criticize critically
uncritical
crowd, crowded, crowd
overcrowding overcrowded
cruelty cruel cruelly
cry, outcry crying cry
culture, cultural, culturally
subculture cultured *
250 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

cure cured, cure
incurable
custom, customer, customary accustom customarily
customs
cut, cutting cutting cut, undercut
damage, damages damaging damage
danger endangered, endanger dangerously
dangerous
dare, daring daring dare daringly
dark, darkness dark, darken darkly
darkened,
darkening
date dated, date, predate
outdated

day, midday daily daily

dead, death dead, deadly, deaden deadly,
deathly deathly
deal, dealer, deal
dealings
deceit, deceiver, deceitful, deceive deceptively
deception deceptive
decision, decided, decide decidedly,
indecision undecided, decisively,
decisive, indecisively
indecisive
decoration, decorative decorate decoratively
decorator
deep, depth deep, deepen deeply
deepening
defeat, defea­ undefeated,
tism, defeatist defeatist defeat
 I W ord building 251

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

defence / US de­ defenceless / defend defensively
fense, defendant, U S defense­
defender less, indefen­
sible, defensive
definition definite, define definitely,
indefinite indefinitely
demand, demands demanding, demand
undemanding
democracy, democratic, democrati­
democrat undemocratic cally
demonstration, demonstrable, demonstrate demonstrably
demonstrator demonstrative
denial, undeniable, deny undeniably,
dependant, dependable, depend dependably,
dependence, dependent, indepen­
independence, independent dently
dependency
description describable, describe descriptively
indescribable,
nondescript,
descriptive
desire, desirable undesirable desire
desired,
undesired
destroyer, indestructible, destroy destructively
destruction destructive
determination, determined, determine determinedly
determiner predetermined,
indeterminate
developer, developed, develop,
development, undeveloped, redevelop
redevelopment developing
i
252 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

difference, different, differ, differently
indifference, indifferent differentiate
differentiation
directness, direct, direct, directly,
direction, direc­ indirect redirect indirectly
tions, director
disagreement disagreeable disagree disagreeably
disappointment disappointed, disappoint disappoint­
disappointing ingly
disaster disastrous disastrously
disciplinarian, disciplinary, discipline
discipline disciplined,
undisciplined
discoverer, discover
discovery
distance distant distance distantly
disturbance disturbed, disturb disturbingly
undisturbed,
disturbing
divide, division, divided, undi­ divide,
subdivision vided, divisi­ subdivide
ble, divisive
divorce, divorcee divorced divorce
do, doing done, over­ do,outdo,
done, undone overdo,redo,
undo
doubt, doubter undoubted, doubt undoubtedly,
doubtful, . doubtfully
doubtless
dream, dreamer dream, dream­ dream dreamily
less, dreamy
 I W ord building 253

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

dress, dresser, dressed, dress,
dressing undressed, redress,
dressy undress
drink, drinker, drunk, drink drunkenly
drinking, drunk, drunken
drunkenness
drive, driver, driving drive
driving
due, dues due, undue due, duly,
unduly
earner, earnings earn
earth earthy, earth­ unearth
ly, unearthly
ease, unease, easy, uneasy ease easily,
easiness uneasily, easy
east, easterner east, easterly, east,
eastern eastward(s)
economics, economic, eco­ economize economically
economist, nomical, un­
economy economical)
education educated, educate educationally
uneducated,
educational
effect, effective, in­ effect, effectively
effectiveness, effective, ineffectively
ineffectiveness ineffectual
effort effortless effortlessly
election, re-elec­ unelected, elect, re-elect
tion, elector, electoral
electorate
electrician, electric, electrify Electrically
electricity electrical
254 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

electronics electronic electronically
embarrassment embarrassed, embarrass embarrass­
embarrassing ingly
emotion emotional, emotionally
emotive
emphasis emphatic emphasize emphatically
employee, unemploy­ employ
employer, ment
employment,
unemployed
encouragement, encouraged, encourage, encourag­
discouragement encouraging, discourage ingly
discouraging
end, ending unending, end endlessly
endless
energy energetic energize energetically
enjoyment enjoyable enjoy enjoyably
enormity enormous enormously
entrance, entrant, enter
entry
entertainer, entertaining entertain entertain­
entertainment ingly
enthusiasm, enthusiastic, enthuse enthusiastic­
enthusiast unenthusiastic ally, unenthu­
siastically
environment, environmen­ environment­
environmentalist tal ally
equality, qual, equalize equally,
inequality unequeal unequally
escape, escapism escaped, escape inescapably
inescapable
 I W ord building 255

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

essence, essential essentially
essentials
estimate, estimated estimate,
estimation overestimate,
underestimate
event, non-event eventful, eventfully,
uneventful, eventually
eventual
exam, examinati­ examine,
on, cross exami­ cross-examine
nation, examiner
excellence excellent excel excellently
excitement excitable, ex­ excite excitedly,
cited, exciting, excitingly
unexciting
excuse excusable, excuse inexcusably
inexcusable
existence non-existent, exist, coexist
existing,
pre-existing
expectancy, expectant, expect expectantly,
expectation unexpected unexpectedly
expenditure, ex­ expensive, expend expensively,
pense, expenses inexpensive inexpensively
experience, experienced, experience
inexperience inexperienced
experiment experimental experiment experiment­
ally
expert, expertise expert, expertly
inexpert
explosion, exploding, explode explosively
explosive explosive
T
256 W o rd building I

Продолжение
Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs
explaining, unexplained, explain inexplicably
explanation explanatory,
explicable,
inexplicable
exploration, exploratory explore
explorer
expression expressive express expressively
extreme, extre­ extreme, extremely
mism, extremist, extremist
extremity
fact factual factually
fail, failure unfailing fail unfailingly
fairness fair, unfair fairly, unfairly
faith, faithful, faithfully
faithfulness unfaithful
familiarity, familiar, familiarize familiarly
family unfamiliar
fame famed, famo­ famously,
us, infamous infamously
fashion fashionable, fashion fashionably,
unfashionable unfashionably
fat fat, fattening, fatten
fatty
fastener fasten,
unfasten
fault faultless, faulty fault faultlessly
fear fearful, fear­ fear fearfully,
less, fearsome fearlessly
feel, feeling, unfeeling feel
feelings
fiction, nonfiction fictional
fill, refill, filling filling fill, refill
 I W ord building 257

Продолжение
Nouns A djectives Verbs Adverbs
final, semifinal, final finalize finally
finalist
finish finished, finish
unfinished
firmness, infirmity firm, infirm firmly
fish, fishing fishy fish fishily
fit, fittings fitted, fitting fit fittingly
fix, fixation, fixed, transfi­ fix
fixture xed, unfixed
flat flat flatten flat, flatly
flower flowered / flower
flowery,
flowering
fold, folder folded, folding fold, unfold
follower, following follow
following
force forceful, force forcefully,
forcible forcibly
forest, deforesta­ forested
tion, forestry
forgetfulness forgetful, forget forgetfully
unforgettable
forgiveness forgiving, forgive
unforgiving
form, formation, reformed form, reform,
transformation, re­ transform
former, transformer
formality formal, formalize formally,
informal informally
fortune fortunate, fortunately,
unfortunatel yunfcMunate

9 Простые и эффективные ... англ. слов

258 W ord buildine Д

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

freebie, freedom free free free,freely
freeze, freezer, freezing, freeze
freezing frozen
frequency, frequent, frequent frequently,
infrequency infrequent infrequently
freshness, fresh, freshen, freshly,
refreshments refreshing refresh refreshingly
friend, friendly, befriend
friendliness unfriendly
fright frightened, frighten righteningly,
frightening frightfully
frightful
fruit, fruition fruitful, fruit­ fruitfully,
less, fruity fruitlessly
fund, refund, funded fund, refund
funding
furnishings, furnished, furnish
furniture unfurnished
garden, gardener, garden
gardening
generalization general generalize generally
generosity generous generously
gentleness gentle gently
gladness glad gladden glad
glass, glasses glassy glass
good, goodies, good
goodness, goods
government, governmental, govern
governor governing
gratitude, grateful, gratefully
ingratitude ungrateful
J | W ord building 259

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

greatness great greatly
green, greenery, green
greens
ground, under­ groundless, ground underground
ground, ground­ underground
ing, grounds
grower, growth, growing, grow,
undergrowth grown, outgrow
overgrown
guilt, guiltiness guilty guiltily
habit habitual habitually
hair, hairiness hairless, hairy
hand, handful underhand, hand
handy
handle, handler, handle
handling
hanger hanging hang,
overhang
happiness, happy, happily,
unhappiness unhappy unhappily
hardship hard harden hard, hardly
harm unharmed, harm harmlessly
harmful,
harmless
head, heading overhead, head,behead overhead
heady
health healthy, healthily,
unhealthy unhealthily
hearing unheard, hear,
unheard of overhear
heat, heater, heated, heat, heatedly
heating unheated overheat j
260 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

heart heartened, heartily,
heartening, heartlessly
heartless,
hearty
height, heights heightened heighten
help, helper, help­ helpful, help helpfully,
fulness, helping unhelpful, helplessly
helpless
highness high high, highly
historian, history historic, historically
prehistoric,
historical
hold, holder, hold
holding
home homeless, home home
homely
honesty, honest, honestly,
dishonesty dishonest dishonestly
hope, hopefulness, hopeful, hope hopefully,
hopelessness hopeless hopelessly
human, huma­ human, inhu­ humanly,
nism, humanity, man, superhu­ humanely
inhumanity man, humane
hunger hungry hungrily
hurry hurried, hurry hurriedly
unhurried
hurt unhurt, hurt hurtfully
hurtful
ice, icicle, icing icy ice icily
identification, identifiable, identify
identity unidentified
 I W ord building 261

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

imagination imaginable, imagine unimaginably
unimaginable, imaginatively
imaginary,
imaginative
importance important, importantly
unimportant
impression impression­ impress impressively
able, impres­
sive
improvement improved improve
increase increased increase increasingly
incredibility, incredible incredibly
incredulity credible, incredulously
incredulous
independence, independent indepen­
independent dently
industrialist, industrial, industrially,
industrialization, industrialized industriously
industry industrious,
infection, infectious infect infectiously
disinfectant disinfect
inflation inflatable, inflate,
inflated, deflate
inflationary
informant, informative, inform,
information, uninformative, misinform
informer informed,
uninformed
injury injured, injure
uninjured
innocence innocent innocently
262 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

insistence insistent insist insistently
instance, instant instant, instantly, in­
instantaneous stantaneously
instruction, instructive instruct instructively
instructor
intelligence intelligent, intelligently
unintelligent,
intelligible,
unintelligible
intent, intention intended, intend intentionally,
unintended, unintention­
intentional, ally
unintentional
interest interested, interest interestingly
disinterested,
uninterested,
interesting
interruption uninterrupted interrupt
interview, interviewed interview
interviewee
introduction introductory introduce
invention, inventive invent, inventively
inventiveness, reinvent
inventor
invitation, invite uninvited, invite invitingly
inviting
involvement involved, involve
uninvolved
item itemized itemize
joke, joker joke jokingly
journal, journal­ journalistic
ism, journalist
 I W ord building 263

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

judge, ju d g e ­ judgmental judge
ment
juice, juices juicy
keenness keen keenly
keep, keeper, kept keep
keeping
kill, overkill, kill
killer killing
kindness, kind, unkind kindly,
unkindness unkindly
knowledge knowing, know knowingly,
knowledge­ knowledge­
able, known, ably, unknow­
unknown ingly
enlargement large enlarge largely
laugh,laughter laughable laugh laughably
law, lawyer, lawful, outlaw lawfully,
outlaw unlawful unlawfully
laziness lazy to be lazy lazily
lead, leader, lead, leading lead
leadership
learner, learning learned, learn
unlearned
legality, illegal­ legal, illegal legalize legally,
ity, legalization illegally
length lengthening, lengthen lengthily
lengthy
liar, lie lying lie
life lifeless, life­ lifelessly
like, lifelong
light, lighter, light light, lighten lightly
lighting, lightness

»
264 W ord building I

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

dislike, liking likeable like, dislike
likelihood likely, likely
unlikely
limit, limitation, limited, limit
limitations unlimited
literature, literacy literary, lite­
rate, illiterate
liveliness, living live, lively, live, outlive, live
living relive
loser, loss lost lose
local, location, local dislocate, locally
relocation relocate
love, lover lovable, unlo­ love lovingly
vable, love­
less, lovely,
loving
low low, lower, lower low
lowly
luck lucky, unlucky luckily,
unluckily
machine, machi­ mechanical, mechanically
nery, mechanic, mechanized
mechanics,
mechanism
magic, magician magic, magical magically
make, remake, unmade make,
maker, making remake
man, manhood, manly, man­ man
mankind ned, unmanned
management, manageable, manage
manager unmanageab­
le, managerial
 I W ord building 265

Продолжение

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

mark, marker, marked, mark markedly
markings unmarked
market, marketable market
marketing
marriage married, marry,
unmarried remarry
match matching, match
unmatched
material, mate­ material, materialize
rialism, materia­ immaterial,
list, materials materialistic
 П ри лож ен и е

СПИСОК ВАЖНЕЙШИХ СЛОВ,

ИЗМЕНЯЮЩИХСЯ
НЕ ПО ОБЩИМ ПРАВИЛАМ

I. СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ* leaf [li:f] — leaves [li:vz]

лист
bath [ba:0] — baths [ba:dz]
ванна life [laif] — lives [laivz] жизнь
calf [ka:f] — calves [ka:vz] loaf [buf] — loaves [lauvz]
теленок буханка хлеба
louse [laus] — lice [lais]
child [tjaild] — children
вошь
['tjildran] дитя
man [maen] — men [men]
corps [ko:] — corps [ko:z]
мужчина, человек
корпус
mouse [maus] — mice [mais]
deer [dia] — deer [dio] олень
мышь
elf [elf] — elves [' elves] эльф mouth [mau0] — mouths
foot [fut] — feet [fi:t] нога; [mau6z] рот
фут oath [эи0] — oaths [au5z]
goose [gu:s] — geese [gi:s] клятва
гусь ox [oks] — oxen [' okson] вол,
half [ha:f] — halves [ha:vz] бык
половина path [pa:0] — paths [pa:6z]
house [haus] — houses тропа
['hauziz] дом scarf [ska:f] — scarves [ska:vz]
knife [naif] — knives [naivz] шарф
нож sheaf [fi:f] — sheaves [[i:vz]
lath [la:0] — laths [la:9z] сноп
дранка sheath [[i:0] — sheaths [fi:6z]
футляр
* Образование м нож ест венно­
го числа (формы мн. числа приве­ sheep [Ji:p] — sheep [Ji:p]
дены после тире). овца
Ц Приложение
shelf [[elf] — shelves [felvz]
полка
staff [sta:f] — staves [steivz]
посох, жезл
swine [swain] — swine [swam]
свинья
thief [0i:f] — thieves [0i:vz]
вор
tooth [tu:0] — teeth [ti:0]
зуб
wharf [wo:f] — wharves /
wharfs [wo:vz];[wo:fs] причал
wife [waif] — wives [waivz]
жена
wolf [wulf] — wolves [wulvz]
волк
woman ['wumon] — women
['wimin] женщина
wreath [ri:0] — wreaths
[ri:6z] венок
youth [ju:0] — youths [ju:6z]
юноша
II. ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫ Е
И Н АРЕЧИ Я*
bad [bsed]; worse [wa:s];
worst [wo:st] плохой
old [ould]; elder ['elds]; the
eldest ['eldist] старший
* Образование сравнительной
и превосходной степеней (формы
этих степеней приведены в данном
порядке после двоеточия).
267
far [fa:]; farther/further
ffa:6o] / ['£э:бэ]; farthest/
furthest [fa:63st],[fa:dost] да­
лекий и далеко; farther и
further упот ребляю т ся, ес­
л и речь идет о ра сст оя н и и ;
упот ребляет ся т олько fur­
ther в зн а ч ен и и «д о п о л н и ­
т ельны й» , напр. I would like
to make one further point.
good [gud]; better ["beta];
best [best] хороший
ill [il]; worse [wa:s]; worst
[wo:st] дурной; больной и
плохо
little [litl] ; less [les]; the
least [li:st] мало (уп от р еб ля ­
ет ся с неисчисляем ы м и с у ­
щ ест в и т ел ь н ы м и )
many ['meni]; p i more [mo:];
the most [moust] много
much [mAtJ]; sgmore [mo:];
most [m oust] много
small [srm:l]; smaller [' smo:lo]
smallest [ srm:list] маленький
(упот ребляет ся с исчисляе­
м ыми сущ ест ви т ельны м и)
top [top]; su p erl the top­
most ['topmoust] верхний
upper Глрэ] ; superl the up­
permost ["Apomoust] верхний
utter [ato]; superl the utter­
most [Atomoust] крайний
well [wel]; better [beto]; the
best [best] xopoi^o
268 П рилож ение I

Ш. ГЛАГОЛЫ :

Infinitive The Past Participle II Participle I Translation

Simple Tense
Неопреде­ Простое Причастие Причастие Перевод
ленная фор­ прошедшее прошедшего настоящего
ма глагола время времени времени
1 2 3 4 5
abide abode/ abode/ abiding пребывать;
[э baid] abided abided [э baidiij] оставаться
fa'baut]/ [a'bout]/ неизменным
[a'baid id ] [э baidid]
abide abode abode abiding пребывать
[э baid] [э baut] [a b o u t] [abaidig] (ж и т ь)
arise arose arisen arising возникать;
[э raiz] [э rouz] [э rizn] [э rizig] поэт, восста­
вать
awake awoke awoken awaking будить;
[a 'w e ik ] [э w au k] [э waukan] [э w eik ig] просыпаться
be [bi:] was [w o z ] been [bi:n] being быть
were [w a :] [ bi:irj]
bear [Ьеэ] bore [b o :] borne [bo:n] bearing носить; родить
и born [bsarir)]
[bo:n ]

П рим ечание, born употребляется в словосочетании be born

«родиться» (was born «родился», were born «родились» и т. д.) и
самостоятельно в значении «рожден(ный), родившийся», если
с этим причастием не связывается сочетание by + существи­
тельное или местоимение: born 1957 «рожден(ный), родивший­
ся в 1957 г.» (но: borne by her «рожденный ею»).

beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t] beaten beating бить

[bi:tn] [bi:tirj]
become became become becomimg становиться,
[Ьі'клш] [bi'keim] [Ьі'клт] [Ьі'клшід] делаться
 | П рилож ение 269

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
befall befell befallen befalling случаться
[bi'fo:l] [bi'fel] [bi'fD:ln] [bi'fo:lig]
beget begot begotten begeting порождать
[bi'get] [bi'got] [bi'gotn] [bi'getirj]
begin began begun beginning начинать
[bi'gin] [bi'gaen] [bi'gAn] [bi'gimrj]
begird begirt begirt begirding уст. опоясы­
(with) [bi'ga:t] [bi'ga:t] [bi'ga:diq] вать
[bi'ga:d]
behold beheld beheld beholding зреть ( видеть )

[bi'hauld] [bi'held] [bi'held] [bi'hauldirj]

bend bent bent bending сгибаться
[bend] [bent] [bent] [bendig]
bereave bereaved bereaved bereaving терять
[bi'ri:v] [bi'ri:vd] [bi'ri:vd] [bi'riivirj] близких
beseech besought besought beseeching упрашивать
[bi'si:tj] [bi'so:t] [bTso:t] [bi'si:tjir|]
beset beset beset besetting осаждать
[bi'set] [bi'set] [bi'set] [bi'setiq]
besmirch besmirched besmirch besmirch­ пачкать,
[bi'smaitf] [bi'sma:tjt] [bi'sma:tjt] ing порочить
[bi'smartjnj]
bestride bestrode bestridden bestriding садиться или
[bi'straid] [bi'straud] [bi'stridn] [bi'straidig] сидеть верхом;
стоять,расста­
вив ноги
betake betook betaken betaking приниматься;
(oneself) [bi'tuk] [bi'taiken] [bi'teikiq] отправляться
[bi'taik]

>
270 П рилож ение Д

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
bid bade; bid bidden; bid bidding предлагать (це­
[bid]; [bid] [beid]; [bid] [bidn]; [bid] ['bidiq] ну на аукцио­
не)
bind bound bound binding
[baind] [baund] [baund] ['baindiq] связывать
bite [bait] bit [bit] bitten ] biting кусать
[bitn [baitiq]
bleed bled [bled] bled [bled] bleeding кровоточить
[bli:d] rbliidirj]
blow blew blown blowing дуть; цвести
[bbu] [blu:] [btaun] ['blauir)]
break broke broken breaking ломать
[breik] [brauk] [braukn] fbreikirj]
breed bred bred breeding выращивать
[brird] [bred] [bred] ['bri:diq]
bring brought brought bringing приносить
[bnij] [bro:t] [bro:t] fbrinir)]
build built built building строить
[bild] [bill] [bilt] ['bildiq]
burn burnt burnt burning жечь; гореть
[ba:n] [bo:nt] [bs:nt] ['bainii)]
burst burst burst bursting разражаться,
[ba:st] [bo: st] [ba:st] ['bsistir)] взрывать(ся)
buy [bai] bought bought buying покупать
[bo:t] [bo:t] ['bang]
can [kasn] could [kud] выражает
( полная физическую
форма) способность
[ksd] (реду­
цирован­
ная форма)
Д Прилож ение 271

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
cast [ka:st] cast fka:st] cast [ka:st] casting кидать; лить
[ka:stirj] (м ет алл)
catch caught caught catching ловить
[kaetj] [ko:t] [ko:t] [kaetjig]
chide chid chidden chiding бранить
[tjaid] [tfid] [tfidn] ['tjaidirj]
chided chided
['tjaidid] [tjaidid]
choose chose chosen choosing выбирать
[tju:z] [tjauz] [tjauzn] t'tju:ziq]
cleave I clove / cloven / cleaving рассекать(ся)
[klirv] cleft cleft ['kli: viq]
[kbuv]/ [kbuv]/
[kleft] [kleft]
cleave II cleaved cleaved cleaving оставаться
[kli:v] [kli:vd] [kli:vd] ['kli:viq] верным
cling clung clung clinging (с)цепляться;
[klir)] [klArj] [кілг,] [klirjii)] льнуть
clothe clothed clothed clothing уст. книжн.
[kbud] [kbufid] [kbu6d] ['kbudiq] одевать
come came come coming приходить
[kAm] [keim] [клт] ['kAmirj]
cost [kost] cost [kost] cost [kost] costing стоить
['kostir)]
creep crept crept creeping ползти
[kri:p] [krept] [krept] ['kri:piq]
crow crowed crew [kru:]; crowing петь (о петухе)
[krau] [kraud] crowed ['krauiq]
[krsud]
cut [kAt] cut [kAt] cut [kAt] cutting резать
fkAtir)]
272 Приложение I

Продолжение

1 2 3 4 5
dare dared dared daring сметь; бросать
[dea] [dead] [dead] ['dearirj] вызов
.
(pr. 3. sg. dcires u dare; e<mpocum. u on ipuu,am <popjи ы dare I?, dare
he?, dare n ot u m. d.)
deal [d i:l] dealt [delt] dealt [delt] dealing иметь дело,
[ 'di:lirj] обходиться
ит.п
dig [dig] dug [d A g ] dug [d A g ] digging копать
[digirj]
do [du:] did [did] done [dAn] doing делать
['du:iq] (рг. 3. sg. does)
draw drew drawn drawing тащить, тя­
[d ro :] [dru:] [dro:n] [dro:iq] нуть; рисовать
dream dreamt dreamt dreaming грезить
[dri:m] [dremt] [dri:mt] [dnmir)]
dreamed dreamed
[dri:md] [dri:md]
drink drank drunk drinking пить
[drir)k] [drasqk] [drArjk] [driqkir)]
drive drove driven driving гнать;ехать
[draiv] [drauv] [' dnvan] ['draiviq]
dwell dwelt dwelt dwelling обитать;
[dwel] [dwelt] [dwelt] ['dwelirj] задержива­
ться (на чем-л.)
eat [i:t] ate [et] eaten [i:tn] eating есть
['Ktir)]
fall [fo:l] fell [fel] fallen falling падать
ffo:lan] ['fD llirj]
feed [fi:d] fed [fed] fed [fed] feeding кормить
r firdnj]
feel [fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] feeling чувствовать
[Tulir,]
 I Приложение 273

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1 2 3 4 5
fight fought fought fighting сражаться
[fait] [fo:t] [fort] ['faitig]
find found found finding находить
[faind] [faund] [faund] ['faindig]
flee [fli:] fled [fled] fled [fled] fleeing бежать
['fling] (прочь),
избегать
fling [fill)] flung [fUq] flung [Алд] flinging бросать
[' flirjir)]
fly [flai] flew [flu:] flown flying летать
(p r. 3. sg. [flaun] ['flaiirj]
flies [-z])
forbear forbore forborne forbearing воздержи­
[fa:'bea] [fa:'ba:] [fo:'bo:n] [fai'beanr)] ваться
forbid forbad(e) forbidden forbidding запрещать
[fa bid] [fa'beid] [fa'bidn] [fa'bidiq]
forget forgot forgotten forgetting забывать
[fa:'gat] [fo:'got] [fo:'gotn] [fa:'gatir)]
forgive forgave forgiven forgive прощать
[fa:'giv] [fa:'geiv] [fafgivn] [fa:'givir)]
forsake forsook forsaken forsaking покидать
[fa'seik] [fa suk] [fa seikn] [fa'seiknj]
freeze froze frozen freezing замерзать,
[fri:z] [frauz] [frauzen] [fri:ziq] заморажи­
вать
get [get] got [got] got [gat] getting получать,
(gotten ['getirj] достигать
амер.)
gild [gild] gilded/gilt gilded /gilt gilding золотить
[gildid]/ [gildid]/ r ^ ld iq ]
[gilt] [gilt]
274 П рилож ение Д

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gird [ga:d] girded/girt girded/girt girding поэт, опоясы­
[ga:did]/ [ga:did]/ fgardiri] вать
[ga:t] [ga:t]
give [giv] gave given giving давать
[geiv] [givn] Tgiviq]
go [gau] went [went] gone [gon] going идти,уходить
Tgauir)]
grind ground ground grinding молоть;
[graind] [graund] [graund] ['graindnj] точить
grow grew grown growing расти
[grau] [gni:] [greun] ['grauii]]
hang hanged hanged hanging висеть; вешать
[haerj] [haerjd] [haerjd] ['haerjiq]
hang hung hanged hanging вешать
[haerj] [harj] [haeqd] Thaeqirj] ( казнить )
have [hffiv] had [haed] had [haed] having иметь
(p r . 3. Sg. ['haevirj]
has)
hear heard heard hearing слышать
[his] [ha:d] [ha:d] ['hisrir)]
heave heaved heaved heaving подымать(ся)
[hi:v] [hi:vd] [hi:vd] ['hi:virj]
hide [haid] hid [hid] hidden hiding прятать
[hidon] ['haidig]
hit [hit] hit [hit] hit [hit] hitting ударять;
[hitiq] попадать
hold held [held] held [held] holding держать
[hsuld] fhauldiq]
hurt [ha:t] hurt [ha:t] hurt [ha:t] hurting причинять
['ha:tii)] вред,боль
Д П рилож ение 275

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1 2 3 4 5
inter­ interwove interwoven inter­ соткать
weave [ inta'wouv] [ inta wauvn] weaving
[.inta'wi:v] [ inta wi:viq]
keep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] keeping хранить
['ki:pir)]
kneel [ni:l] knelt [nelt] knelt [nelt] kneeling становиться
['ni:lif)] на колени,
стоять на ко­
ленях
knit [nit] knitted knitted knitting вязать
['nitid] ['nitid] ['nitiq]
know knew known knowing знать
[nau] [nju:] [naun] ['knauiq]
lade [leid] laded laden lading грузить
[leidid] [leidn] [lerdiq]
lay [lei] laid [leid] laid [leid] laying класть
fleiiq]
lead [li:d] led [led] led [led] leading вести
[li:diq]
lean [li:n] leant / leant / leaning опираться,
leaned leaned ['limit)] прислоняться
[lent] / [lent] /
[li:nd] [li:nd]
leap [li:p] leapt / leapt / leaping прыгать
leaped leaped ['li:pirj]
[lept] / [lept] /
[li:pd] [li:pd]
learn learnt/ learnt/ learning учить ( чт о-л .)
[b:n] learned learned ['b:niq]
[b:nt]/ [b:nt]/ >
[b:nd] [b:nd]
276 П рилож ение Д

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1 2 3 4 5
leave left left leaving оставлять
[li:v] [left] [left] ['li:viq]
lend [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] lending одалживать
['lendiq]
let [let] let [let] let [let] letting пускать
fletirj]
lie [lai] lay [lei] lain [lein] lying лежать
['laiirj]
light [lait] lit [lit] lit [lit] lighting освещать
['laitirj]
lose [lu:z] lost [lost] lost [lost] losing терять
['lu:ziq]
make made made making делать
[meik] [meid] [meid] ['meikiq]
may [mei] might выражает воз­
[mait] можность,
вероятность
mean meant meant meaning значить;
[mi:n] [ment] [ment] ['mi:nig] подразуме­
вать
meet met [met] met [met] meeting встречать
[mi:t] [mi:tig]
misgive misgave misgiven misgiving внушать
[mis'giv] [mis'geiv] [mis'givn] [mis'givir)] опасения
mishear misheard misheard mishearing ослышаться
[mis'hia] [mis'ha:d] [mis'ha:d] [mis'hiarir]]
mislay mislaid mislaid mislaying класть не на
[mis'lei] [mis'leid] [mis'leid] [mis'lenq] место
mislead misled misled misleading вводить в за­
[mis'li:d] [mis'led] [mis'led] [mis'li:dir)] блуждение
 I П рилож ение 277

П родолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
misspell misspelt misspelt misspelling писать с орфо­
[mis" pel] [misspelt] [mis'pelt] [mis'peliij] графически­
м и о шибками
mistake mistook mistaken mistaking неправильно
[mis'teik] [mis'tuk] [mis'teikn] [mis'teikir)] понимать
mow mowed mown mowing косить (т раву
[mau] [maud] [maun] [mauii]] и т. п.)

need needing иметь надоб­

[ni:d] [ 'ni:diq] ность
П ри м еча н и е. М о ж е т употребляться как обычный непереход­
ный глагол или как вспомогательный глагол. Если need упот ­
ребляется как непереходный глагол, то после he/she/it он полу­
чает окончание -s; вопросительная и отрицательная формы
образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола, do, а перед
следующим глаголом ставится to, напр.: If he needs to go, I’ll
just have to let him. You don’t need to go. I didn’t need to see
him at all. Didn’t you need to tell him something? Е сл и need
употребляется как вспомогательный глагол, то после he/she/
it он не имеет окончания -s; вопросительная и отрицательная
формы образуются без do, и отсут ст вует to перед следующим
глаголом, напр.: She needn’t go if she doesn’t want to. Need we
tell her everything? Эт а структура со вспомогательным глаго­
лом возможна только в вопросительных и отрицательных пред­
ложениях в Present Simple Tense.

ought [o:t] должен (бы)

partake partook partaken partaking принимать
[pa:'teik] [pa:'tuk] [pafteikn] [pafteikiij] участие
pay [реї] paid [peid] paid [peid] paying платить
i'penr)]
put [put] put [put] put [put] putting класть,
['putirj] ставить
Т
278 П рилож ение Д

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] reading читать
[ri:diq]
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt rebuilding перестраи-
[,ri:'bild] [,ri:'bilt] [,ri:'bilt] [,ri:'bildiq] вать
так же, как build [bild] «строить» и другие глаголы с прист ав­
кой ге- изменяются так же, как соот вет ст вую щ ие глаголы
без приставки, напр.', rewrite.
rend [rend] rent [rent] rent [rent] rending уст., поэт.
['rendiij] раздирать
rid [rid] rid [rid] rid [rid] riding избавлять
[ ndir)]
ride [raid] rode [raud] ridden riding ехать( верхом
[ridn] ['raidiq] и т. п.)
ring [rig] rang [rasq] rung [rAg] ringing звонить
fngirj]
rise [raiz] rose [rauz] risen [rizn] rising подниматься
[' raizirj]
rive [raiv] rived riven riving расщеплять
[raivd]/ [raivn]/ [' raiviq]
[rivsd] [rivan]
run [глп] ran [raen] run [rAn] running бегать
fr A n ir )]

saw [so:] sawed sawn/[so:n] sawing

[so:d] sawed/ [so: ig] пилить
[so:d]
say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] saying говорить,
(p r . 3. sg. [seiiq] сказать
says [sez])
see [si:] saw [so:] seen [si:n] seeing видеть
Tsirirj]
 | Прилож ение 279

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
seek sought sought seeking искать
[si:k] [so:t] [so:t] [' si:kiq]
sell [sel] sold sold selling продавать
[sauld] [ssuld] [selirj]
send sent sent sending посылать
[send] [sent] [sent] ['sendirj]
set [set] set [set] set [set] setting устанавли­
Tsetir)] вать и т. п.
sew [sau] sewed sewn/ sewing шить
[saud] sewed fssuio]
[saun/
saud]
shake shook shaken shaking трясти
Lfeik] [Juk] [feikn] №ikir)]
shave shaved shaved/ shaving брить(ся)
Lfeiv] [feivd] shaven ['Jeivir)]
[feivd]/
[feivan]
shear sheared sheared/ shearing стричь,
№3] Lfiad] shorn rjiarii]] срезать
[fi3d]/[fo:n]
shed [fed] shed [Jed] shed [fed] sheding проливать;
['Jediq] сбрасывать
shine shone shone shining светить(ся),
[fain] [faun] [faun] № 'm o ] сиять
shoe [fu:] shod [fad] shod [fod] shoeing обувать;
№ = ir)] подковывать
shoot shot [fDt] shot [fat] shooting стрелять;
lfu:t] [ Ju:tiq] давать побеги
show showed shown showing показывать
[fau] №ud] [faun] ['Jsuiq]

>
280 Приложение I

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
shrink shrank shrunk shrinking с о к р а щ а ть
LM k] [fraerjk] LfrAqk] ffn tjk n j] (с я ); отступать
shrive shrove/ shriven/ shriving уст. и сп ов е­
[fraiv] shrived shrived [J ra ivig ] довать
[frsuv]/ Lfnvn]/
Lfraivd] Lfraivd]
shut [j*At] shut (J*At] shut U*At] sh uttin g за к р ы в а ть
fjA tiq ]
sing [siq] sang [saeq] sung [sAq] singing п еть
t'siqiq]
sink [siqk] sank [saeqk] sunk [sArjk] sinking опускаться
T sigkig]
sit [sit] sat [sast] sat [saet] sittin g си д еть
[ sitiq]
slay [slei] slew [slu:] slain [slein] slaying уб и в а ть
['sleurj]
sleep [sli:p slept [slept] slept [slept] sleeping сп ать
['s li:p iq ]
slide slid [slid] slid [slid] sliding ск ользи ть
[slaid] ['slaidiq]
sling [sliq] slung [sIaq] slung [sU q ] slinging ш в ы р ять;
['sliq iq ] под веш ивать
slink slunk slunk slinking ид ти
[sliqk] [sU qk] [sU qk] ['sliqkiq] к р а д уч и сь
slit [slit] slit [slit] slit [slit] slittin g р азр езать
['slitiq ] вдоль
smell sm elt smelt sm elling пахнуть,
[sm el] [smelt] [smelt] ['sm eliq] н ю х а ть
smite smote sm itten sm iting у д а р я ть
[smait] [smout] [smitn] ['sm aitiq]
Щ Приложение 281

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5

sow [ssuj sowed sowed/ sowing сея т ь

[soud] sown fsouirj]
[ssud/soun]

speak spoke spoken speaking говор и ть

[spi:k] [spauk] [spoukon] ['spi:kirj]

speed sped sped speeding ускорять

[spi:d] [sped] [sped] ['spi:diq]

spell spelt/ spelt/ spelling со ста в ля ть

[spel] spelled spelled fsp elir)] (сл о в о ) из
[spelt]/ [spelt]/ бук в
[speld] [speld]

spend spent spent spending тр ати ть

[spend] [spent] [spent] [' spendirj]

spill [spil] sp ilt/ sp ilt/ spilling р азли вать(ся),

spilled spilled fsp ilir)] рассы п ать(ся)
[spilt]/ [spilt]/
[spild] [spild]

spin [spin] spun [spAn] spun [spAn] spinning к р у т и т ь (с я );

['spiniq] п р ясть

spit [spit] spat [spaet] spat [spjet] sp ittin g п лев а т ь

['spititj]

split [split] split [split] split [split] splittin g расщ еплять

['splitir)] (с я )

spoil spoilt/ spoilt/ spoiling пор ти ть

[spoil] spoiled spoiled ['spoiliij]
[spoilt]/ [spoilt]/
[spoild] [spoild]

spread spread spread spreading р асп ростра­

[spred] [spred] [spred] ['sprediq] н я ть ся
Т
282 Приложение Д

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
spring sprang sprung springing вскакивать;
[sprig] [spraei]] [sprAf)] ['spriqirj] возникать
и т. п.
stand stood stood standing стоять
[staend] [stud] [stud] ['stasndii]]
steal stole stolen stealing красть,
[sti:l] [stsul] [stsuln] ['sti:liij] воровать
stick stuck stuck sticking колоть, вты­
[stik] [stAk] [stAk] [' stikiq] кать, приклеи­
ваться) и т. п.
sting stung stung stinging жалить
[stir)] [stAtj] [stArj] Tstiqiq]
stink stank/ stunk stinking вонять
[stiqk] stunk [stArjk] ['stiqkq]
[staerjk]/
[stArjk]
strew strewed strewn/ strewing разбрасывать;
[stru:] [stru:d] strewed ['stru:ig] устилать
[stru:n]/
[stru:d]
stride strode stridden striding шагать боль­
[staid] [straud] [stridsn] [' straidig] ш и м и шагами,
перешагивать
strike struck struck striking ударять(ся)
[staik] [stAk] [stAk] ['staikirj]
string strung strung stringing натягивать;
[strirj] [strAq] [strAq] ['striqirj] нанизывать
strive strove striven striving стараться;
[straiv] [strauv] [strivsn] ['straivir)] бороться
swear swore sworn swearing клясться
[swea] [sw o:] [sworn] ['sw eaiq]
Д Приложение 283

Продолж ение

1 2 3 4 5
sweep swept swept sweeping мести; мчаться
[swi:p] [swept] [swept] ['swi:pir)]
swell swelled swollen swelling вздуваться
[swel] [sweld] fswolon] ['swelir)]
swim swam swum swimming плавать
[swim] [swaem] [swAm] ['swimiq]
swing swung swung swinging качать(ся),
[swig] [S W AI]] [s w A q ] ['swig»)] размахивать
take [teik] took [tuk] taken taking брать
[teikn] [teikiq]
teach ] taught taught teaching учить
[ti:tj [to:t] [to:t] rti:tfir)]
tear [tea] tore [to:] torn [tom] tearing рвать
['teorirj]
tell [tel] told [tould] told [tould] telling рассказывать,
['telirj] сказать
think thought thought thinking думать
[Oak] [0o:t] [0o:t] [Gigkirj]
thrive throve thriven thriving процветать
[Graiv] [Brouv] [Grivon] ['Graivirj]
throw threw thrown throwing бросать
[Grou] [9ru:] [Groun] ['Greuirj]
thrust thrust thrust thrusting совать,
[0TASt] [GrASt] [GrASt] ['GrAStir)] толкать
tread trod trodden treading ступать
[tred] [trod] [trodn] ['tredirj]
unbend unbent unbent unbending разгиба­
[An bend] [An bent] [An bent] [An bendiq] ться)
П р и м еч а н и е. Так же, как bend «сги б а т ъ (с я ) » и другие гл а го­
лы с приставкой и п - изменяются, как соответствующие гл а ­
голы без приставки.
284 Приложение I

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1 2 3 4 5
under­ under­ under­ under­ понимать
stand stood stood standing
[Anda - [Anda'stud] [Anda'stud] [Anda'-
stasnd] staendiq]
undertake undertook undertaken under­ предпри­
[Ands'teik] [Anda'tuk] [Anda'teikn] taking нимать
[Anda'teikirj]
upset upset upset upsetting опрокиды­
[Ap' set] [Ap'set] [Ap'set] [Ap'setlfj] ваться),
расстраивать
wake woke woken waking просыпаться;
[weik] [wauk] [waukan] [weikiq] будить
wear [wea] wore [wa:] worn [wa:n] wearing носить(ся) (об
[weariq] одежде и т. п.)
weave wove woven weaving ткать
[wi:v] [wauv] [wauvan] [wi:viq]
weep wept [wept] wept [wept] weeping плакать
[wi:p] [wi:pirj]
win [win] won [WAn] won [wAn] winning выигрывать,
[winig] добиваться
wind wound wound winding крутить(ся),
[waind] [waund] [waund] [waindiq] обвивать(ся)
withdraw withdrew withdrawn with­ брать назад;
[wid'dro:] [wid'dru:] [wid'dratn] drawing удаляться
[wid'dra:ir)]
withhold withheld withheld with­ не давать,
[wid'hauld] [wid'held] [wid'held] holding удерживать
[wid'hauldii]]
withstand withstood withstood withstand противиться
[wid'stand] [wid'stud] [wid'stud] [wi6' staendiq]
 I Приложение 285

Окончание

1 2 3 4 5
\угіпд [гід] ш г и і ^ [ГЛІ]] \ у ги п £ [гл д ] w ringing скручивать,
[ГІГ)ІГ)] жать
«тіїе [гаИ] wrote [гзіії] \vritten «ггШпд писать
[піп] [гаШд]

*
 ЛИТЕРАТУРА

А л д е р Гарри. Техника развития интеллекта. СПб: П и­

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 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Предисловие................................................................... 3
Appearance — Внеш ность............................................ 15
Family — Семья.............................................................24
Health Service — Здравоохранение ............................ 31
Profession — Профессия.............................................. 45
House — Дом ................................................................ 53
Food — Е д а .................................................................... 63
Education — Образование............................................72
Natural phenomena — Природные явления ...............90
Technics — Техника................................................... 112
Politics — П о ли ти к а..................................................130
Travelling — Путешествия........................................ 154
A rt — Искусство ........................................................ 168
Shopping — Покупки ................ ................................ 183
Clothing — О деж да.................................................... 192
Sports — Спорт............................................................199
Holidays — Праздники.............................................. 210
Словарь омофонов и интернационализмов ............. 215
Словообразование....................................................... 242
П р и л о ж е н и е . Список важнейших слов,
изменяющихся не по общим правилам .................... 266
Литература..................................................................286
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