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Гельгор а.л., Попов е.а. Технология Lte Мобильной Передачи Данных
Гельгор а.л., Попов е.а. Технология Lte Мобильной Передачи Данных
-
________________________________________________________
..
..
LTE
-
,
-
2011
621.396.93(075.8)
32.8473
32
:
. . .. -, . ..., . .
. . . , ..., . .
.. LTE : . /
.., .. .: - . -, 2011. 204 .
ISBN
LTE
.
. , . .
, .
, .
,
- .
- .
.., .., 2011
-
, 2011
ISBN
.
1. LTE ..
1.1. LTE .
1.2. , ,
1.3.
1.4. LTE
1.4.1. -
1.4.2. .
1.4.3. . .
1.4.4.
1.4.5.
1.5. LTE .....
2. LTE
2.1.
2.1.1. OFDM
2.1.2. OFDM .
2.1.3. SC-FDMA
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2. PUCCH .
2.2.3. PUSCH .
2.2.4. .
2.2.5. .
2.2.6.
2.2.7.
2.3.
5
10
11
17
30
36
39
44
47
51
57
60
76
77
81
82
96
105
109
111
116
126
129
132
135
144
147
3
2.3.1. .
2.3.2. .
2.3.3. MIMO .
2.3.4. LTE .
..
..
1. LTE
2.
...
3.
4.
5.
148
159
169
173
185
186
187
189
192
194
196
. IMT2000-MC,
CDMA2000, IMT2000-MC,
UMTS [3, 4], GSM,
( , , .),
.
(4G), (, , ) . , , Long Term Evolution,
, , LTE-. , , ,
LTE-.
2009 . - TeliaSonera Ericsson LTE-
80 /.
( 2011 .) 20
LTE, 50
,
.
LTE, ,
, 2010 .,
5
, UMTS
,
3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)
www.3gpp.net.
- .
, LTE, 36- . , , . . , :
TS 36.211: Physical Channels and Modulation (
);
TS 36.212: Multiplexing and Channel Coding ( );
TS 36.213: Physical Layer Procedures (
);
TS 36.214: Physical Layer Measurements (, ).
, LTE
UMTS, , .
, ;
, , , . , www.itu.int.
,
, , ,
, -
- .
, .
, , ,
( , ).
,
. , .
. ,
() , ,
. .
, .
, , , ,
. .
,
, , , . ,
LTE.
. . , . ,
.
1.
LTE
LTE
. LTE
2- 3- , ( , ,
.) ; , [2, 5].
LTE .
() .
. ,
, , . , , , , .
/
.
.
,
.
.
10
1.1. LTE
LTE ,
(, seamless) ,
.
:
() (). LTE ,
LTE- ()
.
,
. , (
),
LTE , : (), B-
(Node-B, eNB) (MME, Mobility Management Entity), , ,
(GW, Gateway), . . MME/GW.
, , , (
),
, , . .
, IP-, , .
11
, , .
(), ,
, , , .
: (S-GW, Serving Gateway)
(P-GW, Packet Data Network Gateway), , ,
(). , , .
, IP-, , , , , .
, LTE : . , (domain), (stratum).
(UED, User Equipment Domain)
(ID, Infrastructure Domain). , ,
() (E-UTRAN, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) () () (EPC, Evolved
Packet Core).
,
LTE-. 12
() , , ,
, , / .
. 1.1 LTE,
: (AS, Access Stratum) (NAS, NonAccess Stratum). . 1.1 .
EMM
Non-Access Stratum
EMM
Access Stratum
UE
(Uu)
EUTRAN
S1
EPC
. 1.1. LTE
UE UTRAN Uu-;
EPC
S1-. ,
Uu S1, : (UP, User Plane) (CP, Control Plane).
(EMM, EPC Mobility Management).
13
, .
,
.
, () , .
:
(RNL, Radio Network Layer) (TNL, Transport Network Layer).
X2- (. 1.2). , (S1-MM-)
(S1-U-) . 1.2 . ,
, S1- /.
. 1.2.
14
, LTE, , .
LTE .
: , (scheduling)
.
IP-, .
.
.
, .
PWS (Public Warning
System, ), .
.
.
.
.
1 , , .
.
, , (reachability).
1
15
.
.
.
.
, .
PWS.
:
()
(Local Mobility Anchor) .
,
, , .
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
IP- .
.
, .
16
1.2. , ,
. 1.3
, ():
(PHY) ;
() MAC (Medium
Access Control);
() RLC (Radio Link Control);
() () PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) 1.
() RRC (Radio Resource
Control);
,
(NAS-).
PDCP, , . . , .
1
17
)
. 1.3. ()
()
.
1.
.
/ .
.
.
( MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output).
.
.
MAC ,
MAC- RLC- .
. 1.4 ,
2 (L2, Layer 2) ; ,
MAC-
, . MAC- .
19
)
. 1.4. ()
()
.
.
.
.
(MBMS, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service).
.
.
RLC-
: (AM, Acknowledge Mode) (UM, Unacknowledge Mode). ,
, . .
RLC- .
.
( ).
(), .
(
).
.
(
).
.
RLC.
PDCP-.
/ ROHC (Robust Header Compression).
21
.
( ).
(
).
(
).
/ .
.
.
RRC- .
, , .
.
,
RRC- .
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
22
. 1.5. S1 ()
()
. 1.5 1.6 S1
X2 . S1-U S1
, ,
GTP-U (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) , .
, IP- .
,
S1-MM,
TCP- SCTP .
S1-AP X2-AP.
23
. 1.6. X2 () ()
QoS.
, .
LTE (, UMTS)
(end-to-end bearer) : , , , - -. , : (radio bearer),
(external bearer) . , , , (. 1.7);
LTE- EPS- (EPS bearer,
EPS Evolved Packet System, ).
24
IP-, , ,
IP- (VoIP), EPS-, , ,
. IP- ( IP-,
),
, EPS- . , -
EPS- .
. 1.7.
, ( ) ( ) .
. 1.8 , .
25
PCCH
BCCH
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
MCCH
MTCH
MAC
PCH
BCH
DL-SCH
MCH
PHY
PDCCH
PBCH
PFICH
PDSCH
PHICH
PMCH
. 1.8. ,
,
, : , , , . :
PCCH (Paging Control Channel),
() ;
BCCH (Broadcast Control
Channel), ;
CCCH (Common Control Channel),
,
RRC- (RRC-);
DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel),
, RRC-;
MCCH (Multicast Control
Channel), ( ) .
, :
26
27
DCCH
DTCH
MAC
RACH
UL-SCH
PHY
PRACH
PUSCH
PUCCH
. 1.9. ,
28
,
(. 1.9), ,
, .
, CCCH
DCCH
, ,
RRC-. , DTCH,
.
UL-SCH (Uplink Shared Channel), , , , / .
RACH (Random Access Channel)
(
) , .
RACH
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel), .
UL-SCH PU-SCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). PU-CCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) . , .
29
1.3.
LTE RRC-: (RRC CONNECTED) (RRC IDLE). , (. 1.10) RRC- RRC-,
; , RRC-, RRC-.
RRC
IDLE
RRC
CONNECTED
. 1.10.
RRC-, , , , , , . ,
.
.
RRC- , , , ()
, .
, , .
30
, ,
, , .
RRC-, RRC- .
. 1.11.
,
, LTE,
, (. . ). ,
VoIP. , (. . 31
) . , () ,
, , .
X2, .
, ;
( , .)
,
. , , ( , TS 36.413). ,
- ,
LTE- .
, , GSM, - , LTE , , ,
. . 1.11
, 1 2.
1,
, ,
2, , 1. , 1
X2 2,
,
HO REQUEST.
32
, ,
EPS-.
2
EPS- QoS C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary
Identifier), , , .
, C-RNTI .
, 2 ( )
1
HO RESPONSE,
1
HO COMMAND
, :
C-RNTI (, ),
.
, RACH; ,
,
. ,
, 2 ,
HO CONFIRM,
2 :
PATH SWITCH,
USER PLANE UPDATE REQUEST,
2.
2,
33
TPC-PUSCH
TPC-PUCH.
GUMMEI (Globally Unique MME Identity),
.
LTE ECGI (E-UTRAN
34
. 1.12.
,
, (TA, Tracking Area)
,
(. 1.12). TAI (Tracking Area Identity).
,
, .
35
1.4. LTE
, ,
.
(QoS, Quality of Service) E.800 (
),
, .
, .
.
, -, 1997 ., Rel97/98, GSM/GPRS
.
PDP- (PDP, Packet Data Protocol),
,
. , IP- , PDP-.
36
PDP-. , , PDP-,
.
.
QoS,
, .
PDP- 1.13.
. 1.13. PDP-
, ,
, . ,
, 3- 4- , , , ;
VoIP (Voice over IP) PoC (Push-to-talk
over Cellular).
38
:
(web-browsing);
;
(MMS, Multimedia Messaging Service), , ;
(streaming);
.
. , ,
.
1.4.1.
-
IP-, HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol). , .
- -, , ,
, , (URL, Universe Resource Location)
: , . .
-
150 .
. 1.14 , -,
.
39
DNS -
WEB -
PDP-
TCP-
HTTP- ()
HTTP- ()
HTTP- ()
HTTP- ()
TCP-
. 1.14. -
PDP-, .
(DNS-,
Domain Name Server), IP-
.
TCP- (Transmission Control Protocol)
. , HTTP- -,
TCP-.
() -.
() -.
-.
() -.
TCP-.
40
, ,
; ,
(, ) (, ) .
, WAP- (Wireless Application Protocol).
, WWW (World Wide
Web) , ,
.
WAP- 1998 ., -
Ericsson, Motorola Nokia WAP, , .
WAP v.1.0 1998 ., ,
, ,
WAP v.1.1.
WAP,
(. . )
(end-to-end) 2000 . OMA (Open Mobile
Alliance), WAP,
, MWIF (Mobile Wireless Internet Forum), MMSIOP (Multimedia Messaging Interoperability Process) .
WAP ,
:
WAP;
41
WAP-
WAP-;
WAP-;
WAP PUSH
,
.
WAP- , WAP WTA- (Wireless Telephone Application) .
, -,
- :
, . ,
, WAP WWW-,
WAP- , HTML Java,
-. , WAP 2.0
XHTML MP (eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language Mobile Profile) , WML (Wireless
Markup Language) XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
WAP 1.x.
WAP- ,
.
WTA-
(deck of cards) WAP-, .
WAP- -,
IP-
WAP-, IP-
WAP-. , WAP- 42
.
WAP-
WAP-, -, .
. 1.15 -
WAP 1.x, WSP (Wireless Session
Protocol) ,
WTP (Wireless Transport Protocol),
WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)
WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)
,
1 UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
HTML/WML-
WAP-
PDP-
WSP
WTP- ()
WTP- ()
HTTP
WTP- ()
WTP- ()
. 1.15.
WAP-
, .
1
43
- PDP-
, WSP- WAP-. , WTP
() WAP-, HTML/WML ,
IP-
WAP-. , WTP-
. : ,
.
1.4.2.
(e-mail) -, .
,
, , ., , .
,
, , . ( ), , , ,
.
, ,
,
() .
IP- : SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ; POP 2 (Post Office Protocol Version 2)
; POP 3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol)
.
44
SMTP; .
SMTP
:
(sender-SMTP) (receiver-SMTP), , - .
SMTP- , , , . (. 1.16):
1. Mail?
SMTP
2. RCTP?
3. DATA?
OK
OK
SMTP
OK
. 1.16
SMTP
SMTP- MAIL, , , . ,
.
RCPT, , , .
, , , .
, , 45
, .
SMTP. , .
-, , ( ). -,
:
@ .
( ASCII-),
:
, ;
, .
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions) .
MIME
Mime-Version:, MIME
, : Mime-Version: 1.0.
Content-Type: .
1.
text
,
"charset" (US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, KOI8-r, Windows-1251 .), ,
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-l".
2.
multipart ,
,
. boundary, - . :
46
1.4.3.
(SMS, Short Message Service),
. ( , ,
) , .
47
TS 22.140 TS 23.140.
LTE .
(MMS-)
MMS-
2G
(MMS-)
MMS-
3G
. 1.17. LTE
. 1.17 , .
(MMS-, MMSE,
Multimedia Messaging Service Environment)
,
. MMS-, MMS-.
MMS- ,
MMS-.
48
MMS-, . ,
MMS-
(CDR, Charging Data Record).
, .
MMS- , ,
(, , ) .
MMS-
MMS- ()
MM1
MM1
MM3
(TCP/UDP)
MM3
(TCP/UDP)
. 1.18. MMS-
MMS- , , .
. 1.18 ,
.
( MMS-)
MMS- MM1. - MMS- -, MM3. MM2 ( . 1.18
), MMS-
, . , 49
(MM4, , MM11),
.
MMS
MMS
MMS-
PDP
M-SEND.REQ
UEST
FIRMATION
M-SEND.CON
M-NOTIFICATIO
N.IND
PDP
NSE.IND
M-NOTIFYRESPO
UEST
WSP GET.REQ
M-RETRIEVE.C
ONF
GE.IND
M-ACKNOWLED
D
M-DELIVERY.IN
. 1.19.
,
(. 1.19).
, (SEND button
pressed).
MMS-
M-SEND.REQUEST,
PDP-,
50
M-SEND.CONFIRMATION
, MMS-.
:
M-NOTIFICATION.INDICATION,
PDP- ,
MMS-
M-NOTIFYRESPONSE.INDICATION,
WSP GET.REQUEST
WSP-,
MMS- .
,
M-RETRIEVE.CONFIRMATION,
M-ACKNOWLEDGE.INDICATION,
MMS- ,
M-DELIVERY.INDICATION.
, , IP-.
(always on).
1.4.4.
(PTP, point-to-point)
(PTM, point-tomultipoint) , , 51
. ,
() , , , ,
, .
, , ,
, , DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast Handheld)
DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcast),
( )
.
(BA, Broadcast Area), . .
,
. () , .
. 1.20.
52
LTE TS 23.246,
TS 26.346.
. 1.20 . ((e)BM-SC, Evolved
Broadcast Multicast Service Center), ((e)MBMS Gateway,
MBMS-) , . , , , . MCCH (
, , .) MTCH, .
: (broadcast mode)
(multicast mode). , , . . , (, , ,
) ,
, .
, , .
( ),
, . -
53
,
.
(CBS, Cell, Broadcast Service), ,
, .
, () -, , .
,
.
MBMS-,
, . . 1.1
MBMS-.
1.1
MBMS-
IP- ,
IP multicast address
,
, IP-
APN
IP-
SGW adress
, TMGI
PDP-
Linked NSAPI
54
IMSI
TI
MBMS_NSAPI
Additional MBMS
Trace Info
Trace Reference
Trace Type
Trigger Id
. 1.1
,
,
MBMS- (. 1.21) SGmb- 1 (
) SGi-mb- ( ).
MBMS- Sm-;
MBMS- Sn-.
. 1.21. LTE
mb
.
1
55
.
(streaming service),
, .
.
(carousel) ,
( ) .
, .
:
;
;
;
;
;
, ;
.
LTE, 3- 4- , ( ), ( ) .
DL-SCH, MTCH MCCH,
.
ARQ HARQ ,
56
HARQ ( ) RNTI
(Radio Network Temporary Identifier),
MTCH.
.
MTCH MCCH MCH, . MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network).
1.4.5.
, ,
, , , . : , (. .
), , ,
. , 1 .
3- 4-
IETF 1 :
RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol), RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol), SDP (Session Description Protocol). -
57
TS 26.234.
RTSP - , TCP. ,
, , . RTSP (, . .), ,
RTP,
UDP.
SDP
,
1, ,
RTSP-, ,
.
. 1.22
.
PDP-, , , (always on). PDP-
RTSP .
, -, , ,
, ,
.
1
58
GGSN
RTSP-
PDP-
[RTSP] DESCRIBE
[RTSP] 200 OK (SDP)
[RTSP] SETUP
[RTSP] 200 OK
PDP-
[RTSP] PLAY
[RTSP] 200 OK
(RTP)
. 1.22.
DESCRIBE,
, ( , .).
200 ,
SDP-.
SETUP,
, . ,
200 OK.
59
PDP-,
QoS, . QoS-
(RTCP, Real-time Transport Control Protocol).
PDP- ,
.
PLAY,
(RTP, Real-time Transport Protocol).
.
,
, , . , , ,
.
1.5. LTE
QoS UMTS 3-
TS 23.107,
LTE 4- .
.
,
.
60
QoS
,
.
.
,
, QoS.
QoS (peer
to peer) , - .
, , QoS,
, .
QoS , ,
, , .
, , , , , .
QoS .
,
QoS .
, , , , 61
(), , ,
(. 1.23).
UMTS
TE
MT
RAN
CN
EDGE
NODE
CN
Gateway
TE
End-to-End Service
TE/MT Local
Bearer Service
RAN Access
Bearer
Service
Physical
Radio
Bearer
Service
Physical
Bearer
Service
External
Bearer Service
CN Bearer
Service
Backbone
Bearer Service
. 1.23.
(. 1.7) (end-to-end service) , ,
:
(Terminal Equipment / Mobile Terminal
local Bearer Service), LTE (LTE Bearer Service), (External Bearer Service). ,
.
62
LTE ,
, (Radio Access
Bearer Service),
,
(Core Network Bearer Service), ..
: (Radio Bearer Service) (Access
Bearer Service). , , . , (Physical Radio Bearer Service)
. (Physical Bearer Service)
.
, (Backbone Network Bearer Service) 1 2
.
LTE, .
, QoS.
(MF, Mapping Function) QoS.
(CF, Classification Function) QoS, , ,
.
63
MT
RAN
(Gateway)
CN EDGE
CF
CF
TCF
TCF
TCF
MF
MF
MF
RMF
RMF
RAN phys. BS
RMF
RMF
RAN Access
network service
RMF
RMF
BB network service
. 1.24.
, ,
, ( )
LTE QoS. , ,
( ) ( )
QoS. ,
64
QoS-, ,
, .
, , ,
.
(SMF, Service Manager Function)
, ,
.
(TF, Translation Function)
LTE , LTE QoS .
(A/CCF, Admission / Capability Control Function) , ( ) , . , ..
.
(SCF, Subscription Control
Function) QoS.
. 1.25.
, ,
, ,
, .
65
TE
MT
TF
RAN
A/CCF
A/CCF
UMTS BS
Manager
Local BS
Manager
RAB
Manager
CN EDGE
A/CCF
SCF
UMTS BS
Manager
(Gateway)
A/CCF
TF
UMTS BS
Manager
Radio BS
Manager
Radio BS
Manager
RA BS
Manager
RA BS
Manager
CN BS
Manager
CN BS
Manager
RAN
phys. BS
Manager
RAN
phys. BS
Manager
RA NS
Manager
RA NS
Manager
RA NS
Manager
BB NS
Manager
Ext. BS
Manager
. 1.25.
, , (. . ), ,
, ,
,
.
,
:
();
;
;
.
: , . 66
. -: -,
, . ,
. .
, , , , GSM,
, , , (VoIP, Voice over IP), , .
( ). . QoS
, ,
,
. ,
400 .
,
3- AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) ; , , ,
LTE.
AMR : 122 (GSM-EFR); 102; 740 (IS-641);
670 (PDS-EFR); 590; 515 475 /. .
67
,
. AMR
122 / EFR GSM,
74 / US-TDMA,
67 / PDS. AMR 20 , 160 8 . AMR :
.
(ACELP, Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction). ACELP MR-ACELP.
20 CELP ( ,
). , ,
, . : A, B C.
, .
, , . UMTS , ITU H324M. : ITUI Rec. H.323 IETF SIP.
68
, , .
, -
. , ()
,
.
, .
(, - ),
,
, . ,
, , , ,
. ,
, .
, . -, , , . , ()
. , .
69
. , ,
. . ,
, ,
.
, : , , . .
, , ,
, . .
. ,
.
,
,
. , ,
.
, ,
. QoS, .
1. (, , , ).
2. ( /).
,
LTE ( LTE) .
3. ( /) , .
70
4. ( / ). , , . PDP-.
5. ( ) ,
(SDU, Service Data Unit). MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit), IP-.
6. ( ) ,
, RLC- .
7. ,
.
( / )
.
8. , ,
.
( / ) .
9.
, ( /).
.
10.
( ) 95% .
11.
.
, .
71
12.
/ . ,
.
13.
( / ).
. , , , ( ) .
14.
( / ), ,
( ) .
,
1 . .
15.
/ / , , .
. 1.2
QoS .
1.2
QoS
QoS
256 000
256 000
256 00
(/)
72
256 000
. 1.2
256 000
(/)
/
1 500
( 1 502
)
5102, 102,
5103, 103,
104, 105,
106
- 100 .
()
/
1, 2, 3
/
-
256 000
1 500
1 502
1 500
1 502
1 500
1 502
5102, 102,
5103, 103,
104, 105,
106
300 .
4103, 105,
6108
4103, 105,
6108
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
/
/
73
. 1.2
/
:
;
;
115
115
115
115
, QoS ,
, , . ., , . ,
150 3%.
,
1%,
(
) ,
.
, ( + )
AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) MPEG-4 , 3- 4- .
AMR :
4,7512,2 /;
74
20 ;
100 ;
102104.
103;
MPEG-4 :
24,0128,0 /;
150400 ( ),
200 ;
103 (
), 104 ( ), 105 (
), 106 ( ).
75
1. ,
LTE. ?
2. ?
3. .
4. LTE?
5. (), LTE.
6. ()
?
7. , MAC-().
8. RLC-?
9. LTE.
?
10. PCFICH,
PDCCH PHICH. ?
11. GUMMEI?
?
12. PDP-. ?
13. -.
, ?
14. MBMS-? ?
15. LTE?
, .
16. .
?
17. AMR.
76
2. LTE
LTE. , , ,
. (MIMO).
LTE . . .1 . 1,4 20 , . , , fc:
f min= f c + BWch / 2 ;
f max= f c BWch / 2 .
100 , ; , () 100 .
,
=
Ts 1 (15000 2048 ) .
(radio frames)
=
T f 307200 =
Ts 10 ,
, ,
. :
77
1, FDD 2,
TDD .
1 (. 2.1), (), FDD-,
20 , 19-,
=
Tslot 15360
=
Ts 0,5 .
,
; i- 2i
2i + 1.
, Tf = 307200Ts = 10
Tslot = 15360Ts = 0,5
19
3
...
. 2.1. 1
: 10 10 . , FDD-, .
- , .
2 .
(. 2.2) (
78
), (hf halfframe)
=
Thf 153600
=
Ts 5 ,
(sf sub-frame)
=
Tsf 30720
=
Ts 1 .
, Tf = 307200Ts = 10
, Tf = 153600Ts = 5
Tslot
0
...
Tsf = 30720Ts
DwPTS
GP
UpPTS
. 2.2. 2
. 2.1 , . D , , U .
,
, , . 2.1
S.
DwPTS (Downlink Pilot Time Slot) UpPTS (Uplink Pilot Time slot),
79
,
GP (Guard Period).
2.1
PTS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
5
D S U U U D S U U U
1
5
D S U U D D S U U D
2
5
D S U D D D S U D D
3
10
D S U U U D D D D D
4
10
D S U U D D D D D D
5
10
D S U D D D D D D D
6
5
D S U U U D S U U D
80
. 2.2
5
6
7
8
6592Ts
19760Ts
21952Ts
24144Ts
4384Ts
5120 Ts
. 2.1 , 5 10 .
5 , 10 .
2.3
UpPTS
DwPTS
0
7680Ts
1
20480Ts
2
23040Ts
2192Ts
2560Ts
3
25600Ts
4
7680Ts
5
20480Ts
4384Ts
5120 Ts
6
23040Ts
2.1.
. ,
, ,
81
LTE:
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).
2.1.1. OFDM
OFDM ,
.
. () 1
40 , ,
-2 Ts = 1/40106 c = 25 . , , (, . .). (. 2.3)
,
,
, , ,
. ().
, ,
cTs= 3108 /c 1/40106 c = 7,5 ,
(, ) , , , . ; .
1
82
. 2.3.
,
, , . . ,
(, ) .
102103 , . , .
, , , ,
,
. .
, , , 0 = 2f0
83
, ,
, ,
, .
, , Ts, R ( )
log 2 M
,
(2.1)
R=
Ts
M , , . . Ts.
Ts ,
Ts >> s,
s .
(, ),
. : s Ts (2.1) R.
, ,
. .
B ,
G(f) , 1/Ts.
84
B=
1+
,
Ts
(2.2)
,
. ,
= 0.
() < 0.
, B K (. 2.4,
K = 8), B/K, .
G(f)
B/K
. 2.4.
, , KTs,
B/K.
,
85
.
, ,
( . 2.4), -
, .
, 1 , , ,
, (. 2.5). .
S(f)
B/K
. 2.5.
,
,
.
, , . . , .
1
86
[1] , sk (t ), sl (t )
sk(t) sl(t) :
T
=
sk (t ), sl (t )
s (t ) s (t )dt
=
k
0 , k l,
(2.3)
T .
(, , ) s1(t), , sK(t)
Ak, k :
=
sk (t ) Ak cos ( 2f k t + k ) , 0 t Ts. k = 0, , K 1.
(2.4)
(2.3)
Ts
sk (=
t ), sl (t )
+ ) dt
A cos ( 2f t + ) A cos ( 2f t=
k
1/Ts, sk(t) sl(t)
. fk = k/Ts
=
sk (t ) Ak cos ( 2kt / Ts + k ) , 0 t Ts. k = 0, , K 1.
(2.5)
,
OFDM-.
87
S(f)
fTs
. 2.6.
K 1
s (t ) , 0 t Ts,
k
(2.6)
k =0
, . , fk = k/Ts k- ,
. , f = 1/Ts
.
,
, , .
88
.
,
, . 2.7.
cos2f1
cos2f2
s(t)
cos2fK
. 2.7.
OFDM-
, ,
, ( ), f1, , fK, , , , s(t).
. 2.7 OFDM- , K
, K .
, ,
89
(, DFT Discrete
Fourier Transform).
(2.6) . k = Ak exp(jk). OFDM-,
, :
K 1
, OFDM-,
(2.7)
K 1
(2.8)
k =0
, OFDM-
[0; Ts] T0, tn = nT0 OFDM-
() (, IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) K-
k:
n sym (tn =
)
j 2knT0 K 1
j 2kn
k exp
k exp
=
,
KT
K
k 0
0=
K 1
k
=
(2.9)
( )
().
, , K (,
,
),
. , K .
90
, , , .
, , , ,
. Ts OFDM Tu . ,
, , , Tu (,
),
, .
,
.
, f = 1/Ts, Ts Tu f = 1/Tu, , , [ ; Ts ]
.
,
, , OFDM- . . OFDM-, ( . 2.8 , OFDM-,
). Tu,
OFDM-
( ), OFDM-,
.
91
s(t)
Tu
t
Ts
Ts
. 2.8.
,
. , , 0 , (2.3) :
Tu
s=
k (t ), sl (t )
Ak cos ( 2f k t + k ) Al cos ( 2=
f l t + l ) dt
2
2( f k + f l )
sin ( 2( f k f l ) (Tu ) + k l ) sin ( k l ) ( )
,
2( f k f l )
[; Tu ]
fk fl = 1/Tu, .
,
, , OFDM-, G ,
+
ng (g guard, )
g
n
g
sym
(tn=
)
K 1
k =0
92
j 2kn
exp
, (n = 0, , K + G 1). (2.10)
. 2.9
OFDM (
) .
X (0)
X (1)
P/S
X ( N 1)
. 2.9.
OFDM-
N k ( ), G () ,
, ,
ng (n = 0, , N 1), . Ts
G { ng }, .
, . ,
( . 2.9 ) .
.
93
F K K ,
:
1
1
1
j 2 / K
e
F =
j 2 ( K 2)/ K
1 e
1 e j 2 ( K 1)/ K
j 2 ( K 1)/ K
e
e j 2 ( K 1)( K 2)/ K
e j 2 ( K 1)( K 1)/ K
1
e j 4 / K
e j 4 ( K 2)/ K
e j 4 ( K 1)/ K
f kn= exp ( j 2kn / K ) , k, n = 0, , N 1.
F , . .
H
H
FF
=
F=
F I,
I ,
H .
, AH ( , Charles
Hermite) A, - :
(A )
H
= Aji .
*
ij
, . . AH A.
, , ,
. ,
. ,
, .
F
F1, () F. ,
H
f kn1 f kn=
exp ( j 2kn / K ) , k, n = 0, , N 1.
94
n ( ) :
n = F H k , k, n = 0, , N 1.
CP
(K +1) K
I
0
CP( K +G )K = G( K G ) G ,
IK
IG IK
G K K K, 0G ( K G) .
{ ng }, , :
0
g = CPn= G( K G )
IK
=
( K G K 1
0
I G 1
=
K 1
0 K 1 ) .
T
{ ng }, ,
. , ,
, H() , , h(t) [6, 7].
L
h0, h1, , hL.
h = ( h0 , h1 ,..., hL ) .
T
zk
:
95
zk=
h
i
g
k 1
+ nk , k = 0, , N 1,
(2.11)
i =0
nk , ,
, , . .
, , .
(2.11)
h0 0 0 0 0 0
h h 0 0 0 0
0
1
h2 h1 h0 0 0 0
H = h2 h1 h0 0 0 0
hL h2 h1 h0 0 0
0 0 h h h h
2
1
0
L
(K + L) (K + L) :
z= H g + n= HCPF + n ,
= ( 0 1 K 1 )
.
2.1.2.
OFDM
, ,
, .
OFDM.
,
,
, 96
, ,
( ,
.). , ,
, , , . , , ( , ,
.), , , .
, , .
,
.
, , .
, G()
( ) [1]:
1
2
(2.12)
G () lim E S () ,
=
S() ,
[0; ] s(t), E , . . .
97
, G(), (2.12),
, . G() G*(), ( ) . ,
G() G*() 1.
.
, , ( ) A(t) .
N- OFDM- 2
[0; NTs]:
N 1
N 1
(n)
s=
ssym t =
nTs
Re
N (t )
=
n 0=
n 0
{exp j0 ( t nTs )
exp
j
2
l
t
nT
/
T
(
)
ln
s
u A(t nTs ) , 0 t NTs .
l =0
Ts ,
= NTs
N ( , ).
( )
:
K max 1
S (=
) S N ()
NTs
s N (t ) exp=
( jt ) dt
, , G() G*()
, [1].
, , .
2
OFDM- ,
.
1
98
NTs N 1
(n)
dt
n=0 ssym ( t nTs ) exp ( jt )=
S N + () + S N () ,
1 N 1 K max 1
=
S N + ()
ln exp { j ( 0 ) nTs } exp { j 2l ( nTs + ) / Tu }
2=n 0=l 0
NTs
1 N 1 K max 1 *
=
S N ()
ln exp { j ( + 0 ) nTs } exp { j 2l ( nTs + ) / Tu }
2=n 0=l 0
NTs
* .
=
FA ()
Ts
A ( t ) exp ( jt ) dt
0
A(t), ,
1 N 1 K max 1
=
S N + ()
ln exp { j ( 0 ) nTs } exp { j 2l ( nTs + ) / Tu }
2=n 0=l 0
FA ( 0 2lt / Tu )
1 N 1 K max 1 *
S N ()
=
ln exp { j ( + 0 ) nTs } exp { j 2l ( nTs + ) / Tu }
2=n 0=l 0
FA ( + 0 + 2lt / Tu ) .
, SN()
sN(t), , SN+() SN() 99
0 0 (. 2.10). ,
S N + () + S N () =
2
= S N + () + S N + () S N* () + S N* + () S N () + S N ()
2
,
S N + () + S N () S N + () + S N () .
2
|SN()|
|SN()|
|SN+()|
. 2.10.
.
, :
2
2
E S N + () 2 + E S N ()=
E S N ()=
1 N 1 N 1 K max 1 K max 1
E ln *l n exp { j ( 0 ) ( n n ) Ts }
4=n 0=
n 0 =l 0 =
l 0
FA ( 0 2lt / Tu ) FA* ( 0 2l kt / Tu )
exp { j 2 ( l l ) ( nTs + ) / Tu } +
1 N 1 N 1 K max 1 K max 1
+ E ln *l n exp { j ( + 0 ) ( n n ) Ts }
4=n 0=
n 0 =l 0 =
l 0
FA ( + 0 + 2lt / Tu ) FA* ( + 0 + 2l t / Tu )
100
exp { j 2 ( l l ) ( nTs + ) / Tu } .
(2.13)
, n = n l = l, (
l- ). kn *k n ,
, , ( ), :
E 2 , n =
n, l =
l ,
=
2
E [ ] , l l .
(-2, -4, -16, -64 .)
E[l] ( ).
E ln *l n
2
, N 2 K max
,
(2.13), N , n = n
l = l:
=
E S N ()
NE 2 K max 1
4
E 2 K max 1
4
l =0
l =0
FA ( 0 2lt / Tu ) +
2
FA ( + 0 + 2lt / Tu ) .
2
(2.14)
, N :
1
2
(2.15)
G (=
) lim
E S N () = G+ () + G () ,
N NT
s
=
G+ ()
E 2 K max 1
4Ts
l =0
FA ( 0 2lt / Tu ) ,
2
(2.16)
101
=
G ()
E 2 K max 1
4Ts
l =0
FA ( + 0 + 2lt / Tu ) .
2
,
, 0 0. , , , ( )
,
() P, ,
1
=
P
G ()d .
2
(2.17)
( (2.17) G()
.)
E[2] , ,
E[2] = 1,
, .
OFDM,
A0 , t [0; Tu ],
A(t ) =
.
t
T
0,
[0;
].
u
FA()
sin ( fTs )
,
FA ( f ) = A0Ts
fTs
sin 2 ( f l / Tu ) Ts
=
, l 0, ..., K max 1,
Gl ( f ) =
2
( f l / Tu ) Ts
0 = 2f 0 .
102
(2.18)
:
l = l K max / 2 ,
f0 .
. 2.11 OFDM Kmax = 128
() .
. 2.11, ( 4 ) |fT| 13
.
, . OFDM , , ,
.
103
OFDM ,
,
.
. 2.12 . 2.4
.
G(f)
(f f0)T,
. 2.12.
,
( |fT| 4)
, . 2.11: 80... 110 40... 50 .
2.4
f f0,
G(f),
12,0
120,0
104
6,0
4,2
3,8
+ 3,8
+ 4,2
+ 6,0
+ 12,0
. 2.4
95,0
83,0
32,8
32,8
83,0
95,0
120,0
, - .
2.1.3. SC-FDMA
LTE SC-FDMA.
, TDD , FDD .
-2 ,
, GSM.
,
. 2.12, (-2), , .
.
OFDM, ,
105
.
SC-FDMA .
FFT
...
IFFT
IFFT
FFT
. 2.12. SC-FDMA
, , . 2.12.
,
1 . , - , , , , .
, (. 2.13).
106
SC-FDMA-
SC-FDMA-
,
(1 )
. 2.13. SC-FDMA
, 180 , 15 12 , 0,5 (1 ).
7 SC-FDMA-, 6 SC-FDMA-.
,
20 , , . , LTE 10
9 , 50 .
,
,
, , .
- (), (. 2.14, 107
). ,
.
SC-FDMA- .
12N
(0,5 )
...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(SC-FDMA )
. 2.14. SC-FDMA
180 , 108
1 ,
. ,
. ,
(. 2.15).
1
IFFT
FFT
FFT
IFFT
. 2.15.
SC-FDMA- . ,
, - , , OFDM,
.
2.2.
.
109
, :
N scRB ;
UL
N RB
;
UL
SC-FDMA- N symb
;
(k, l) (
- ), k-
l- SC-FDMA-;
ak ,l ,
(k, l).
() (PRB, Physical Resource
UL
Blok) N scRB N symb
SC-FDMA-. . 2.5.
2.5
N scRB
UL
N symb
12
12
7
6
LTE UL
N RB
.
UL
6 N RB
110 .
, , LTE ,
1,1 , 20 .
nPRB .
nVRB .
110
,
.
PUSCH,
UL-SCH.
PRACH,
RACH.
PUCCH,
.
RACH
UL-SCH
MAC
L1 ( PHY)
PUCCH
PRACH
PUSCH
. 2.16.
. 2.16 ( . 1.9).
2.2.1.
( , , )
:
, ( ) ;
(-2) () 111
, (-16, -64)
;
: , SC-FDMA;
. , 34 ;
SC-FDMA .
PUSCH . 2.17.
.
SC-FDMA
. 2.17.
PUSCH
PUSCH
b(0), b(1), ..., b( M bit 1) ,
M bit , PUSCH
.
b (0), b (1), ..., b ( M 1)
bit
, ,
.
i = 0;
112
(i < Mbit)
( b(i ) = x ) % i-
b (i ) = 1 ;
b(i ) = y % i-
b (=
i ) b (i 1)
% ( )
(i ) ( b(i ) + c(i ) ) mod 2 ;
b=
i = i + 1;
(2.20)
, x1(31) x1(61), ,
:
1000000000000000000000000000100
x2
cinit:
30
cinit = x2 (i )2i ,
i =0
113
x2 (n + 31) =
( x2 (n + 3) + x2 (n + 2) + x2 (n + 1) + x2 (n) ) mod 2 .
(2.20)
cinit -
; .
PUSCH
cell
,
cinit =nRNTI 214 + ns / 2 29 + N ID
(2.21)
cell
, nRNTI N ID
, ns (ns = 0, 1,
, 19).
b (0), b (1), ..., b ( M 1)
bit
, PUSCH.
z (0), z (1), ..., z ( M symb 1) ,
:
114
PUSCH
=
+ k)
z (lM SC
PUSCH
1
M SC
1
PUSCH
M SC
d ( lM
i =0
PUSCH
SC
2ik
+ i ) exp j PUSCH ,
M SC
PUSCH
PUSCH
=
k =
0, 1, ..., M SC
1 ; l 0, 1, ..., M symb / M SC
1.
(2.22)
PUSCH
M SC
,
PUSCH, :
PUSCH
PUSCH
RB
M SC
= M RB
NSC
,
(2.23)
RB
NSC
(
PUSCH
12), M RB
,
PUSCH
PUSCH. M RB
:
PUSCH
RB
,
=
M RB
22 33 55 N UL
2, 3, 5 .
z PUSCH
PPUSCH. ,
PPUSCH, TS 36.213 :
, , , .
z (0), z (1), ..., z ( M symb 1)
(k, l) ,
k ( ), l (
SC-FDMA-). ,
PUSCH
,
SC-FDMA-, . . ,
115
,
.
: .
nPRB nVRB
, TS 36.213 RIV (Resource Indication Value).
. , , ; TS 36.211 TS 36.213.
2.2.2.
PUCCH
.
, . PUSCH,
PUCCH.
PUCCH PUSCH . PUCCH
, . 2.6.
1 (),
- ;
PUCCH. d(0).
116
1a 1b ( -2) ( ) .
2, 2a 2b
2022 . 2a 2b,
,
-2 /
(Acknowledge / Negative
Acknowledge, A / N).
2.6
PUCCH
PUCCH
1
1a
1b
2
2a
2b
, M bit
-2
-2, (A/N)
-2 , (A/N)
1
2
20
21
22
PUCCH , . . 12 , .
, ,
LTE. , . .
. PUCCH , . 2.18.
PUCCH, , (, . 2.18
PUCCH ), , 117
...
PUCCH
. 2.18. PUCCH
:
(Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation
Codes, CAZAC-)
;
.
, ,
(Channel Quality Indicator, CQI), CAZAC-.
PUCCH CAZAC-
12 ( ), ( 118
2 CQI ) -2 (1
).
CAZAC-. PUCCH ; ,
CQI
.
PUCCH . 2.19.
. 2.19. PUCCH
PUCCH
A / N. ,
A / N 12 ,
, SF = 4 ,
,
. 2.20.
119
. 2.20. A/N
1, 1a 1b PUCCH (
PUCCH 1/1a/1b
PUCCH 2/2a/2b) CAZAC- ,
2/2a/2b CAZAC-. , PUCCH 1/1a/1b
(1 2 , ) , PUCCH 2/2a/2b
5 (20 +
A / N ).
PUCCH 1 (. . PUCCH 1) (Scheduling Request Indicator, SRI).
RRC_CONNECTED . 2.21.
120
(SRI)
SRI +
. 2.21. SRI
SRI ,
- .
,
, A / N , . , A/N SRI
.
LTE PUCCH. , TS 36.211,
HO
, PUCCH, N RB
. -
PCFICH, . , (2)
CQI, N RB
.
121
PUCCH.
() .
PUCCH
0
PUCCH
2/2a/2b
(CS)
0
1
11
0
1
11
0
1
11
0
1
11
0
1
11
0
1
PUCCH
1/1a/1b
HO
NRB
1
11
0
1
11
PUCCH 1/1a/1b
PUCCH 2/2a/2b
. 2.22.
PUCCH
(1)
,
N CS
PUCCH . 2.22.
PUCCH
1, 1a 1b.
, PUCCH
CAZAC- ,
(. 2.19), , . 2.20. ,
PUCCH 1/1a/1b,
:
PUCCH
12 N RS
RB
,
(2.24)
N PUCCH Format1 =
Delta_shift
Delta_shift , A / N ,
PUCCH
N RS
PUCCH 1/1a/1b
PUCCH
= 3 , ( N RS
PUCCH
= 2 ).
N RS
Delta_shift 1, 2 3,
36, 18 12
PUCCH 1/1a/1b . 18 PUCCH 1/1a/1b ( )
. 2.7.
123
2.7
PUCCH 1/1a/1b
, Delta_shift = 2
0
1
2
0
0
12
1
6
2
1
13
3
7
4
2
14
5
8
6
3
15
7
9
8
4
16
9
10
10
5
17
11
11
PUCCH 1/1a/1b
. 2.23.
PUCCH 1/1a/1b ,
(1)
.
N PUCCH
SRI, A / N, PDSCH,
. A / N, SRI
.
124
PUCCH 1/1a/1b
PUCCH
.
(CS)
,
A/N, SRI
,
A/N
PUCCH 1/1a/1b
PUCCH A / N,
PDSCH, .
A / N, PDSCH,
A / N CCE (Control Channel Element) PDCCH. CCE
OFDM- , , PCFICH: 1, 2 3 OFDM-
1,4 ; 2, 3, 4 OFDM125
A/N
. 2.24. PUSCH
SC-FDMA A / N.
RI, A / N. PMI CQI
SC-FDMA- (. 2.25).
CQI, PMI
, . A / N, RI
,
, SC-FDMA. , - ,
A / N, , , PUSCH. -16, -64, , ,
A / N RI.
127
SC-FDMA-
RI
A/N
CQI
. 2.25.
PUSCH
:
( A / N);
(2- A / N, RI);
(32, N)- ( CQI / PMI
11 );
128
1/3 ( CQI/PMI 11 ).
2.2.4.
PUSCH. PUSCH , 10 . -
, , , 180 , 1 , .
; SC-FDMA-.
- (scheduler) (. 2.26).
1
. 2.26. -
129
, .
PRACH,
.
.
(-4, -16, -64), , , , .
, 700 / 86 /.
PUSCH
.
CRC.
:
gCRC24A(D) = [D24 + D23 + D18 + D17 + D14 + D11 + D10 + D7 + D6 +
+ D5 + D4 + D3 + D + 1];
gCRC24B(D) = [D24 + D23 + D6 + D5 + D + 1];
gCRC16(D) = [D16 + D12 + D5 + 1];
gCRC8(D) = [D8 + D7 + D4 + D3 + D + 1].
. ,
.
, 24 .
6 144 . , .
.
(UL-PUSCH, DL-PDSCH) 130
1/3. .
. , , , , , , , , . , d k(0) , d k(1) , d k(2) .
,
,
(. 2.27).
d k(0)
d k(1)
d k( 2)
. 2.27.
, .
.
, .
, ,
. 131
,
, PUSCH
(. 2.28).
CRC
,
CRC
. 2.28. PUSCH
2.2.5.
, . TS 36.212 ,
. 1/3. 1/3, -
132
BCH. .
(. 2.29).
xk
1
ck
zk
ck
z k
xk
. 2.29. 1/3
.
:
d k(0) = xk ,
d k(1) = zk ,
'k , k 0, 1, 2, ..., K 1 .
=
d k(2) z=
x1 , x2 , ..., xK , , z1 , z2 , ..., z K 133
. c0 , c1 , ..., cK 1 ,
c 'i ==
c(i ) , i 0,1,..., K 1 .
(i ) , ,
(=
i)
( f i + f i ) mod K .
2
f1, f2
K , TS 36.212.
. 2.30.
134
ck
d k(0)
G0 = 133 (octal
d k(1)
G1 = 171 (octal
d k( 2) G2 = 165 (octal
. 2.30. 1/3
6 ck.
d 0(0) , d 0(1) , d 0(2) , d1(0) , d1(1) , d1(2) . .
2.2.6.
. UMTS
PDCCH. LTE PUCCH
PUSCH
(Demodulation Reference Signals, DMRS), (Sounding Reference Signals, SRS).
, , :
;
,
, ;
135
, ,
.
(CAZAC-); (Zadoff Chu sequences) .
,
. , LTE 12 (,
12 ), .
,
, :
, ;
, ;
, , , ;
, . . -;
, ,
1 / N ZC , N ZC .
,
136
(, 12 24 ), .
-4.
ru ,v (n) :
RS
,
ru ,v (n=
) exp [ j(n) / 4] , n = 0, 1, ..., M SC
(2.25)
(n) u RS
, M SC
(12
24 ). (n) . .2
.3 .
:
RS
)
ru(=
ru ,v (n) exp ( j=
n ) , n 0, 1, ..., M SC
,
,v ( n )
(2.26)
= 2ncs / 12 .
(2.27)
,
, ,
RS
N ZC
,
RS
M SC
:
RS
RS
, m 0,1,..., N ZC
=
xq exp j qm(m + 1) /=
N ZC
1,
(2.28)
RS
q = q + 1/ 2 + v(1) =
, q N ZC
(u + 1) / 31,
u
(u = 0, 1, , 29), v . 3 :
(v = 0),
(v = 0, 1).
2q
137
:
RS
RS
=
ru ,v (n) x=
0,1, ..., M SC
.
q ( n mod N ZC ), n
(2.29)
(2.26).
RRS(n)
. 2.31.
, SC-FDMA-, . . .
,
,
CAZAC- , ,
, . ,
RRS(n) - (. 2.31).
138
exp(jn) RS
ncs M SC
/ 12
.
. 2.32
RS
R k ,l (n) ( M SC
= 36 ),
, . . , .
R0,0(n)
R0,1(n)
R0,2(n)
R0,3(n)
R0,4(n)
R0,5(n)
R0,6(n)
R0,7(n)
R0,8(n)
R0,9(n)
R0,10(n)
R0,11(n)
. 2.32.
k, l ncs .
. 2.32, (ncs1 ncs2),
, . . .
139
,
, , , .
LTE 12 (ncs = 0, 1,
, 11) 8 (ncs = 0, 1, , 7) .
, , ,
. , . PUSCH , PUCCH 2 3
PUCCH. PUSCH DMRS 4 SC-FDMA , .
:
u ( , );
v (
);
,
DMRS ( 12 , );
, .
140
R0,1(n)
R1,17(n)
. 2.33.
, ,
, , ,
. , , 141
. ,
Ru1, u 2 (n)
(. 2. 33).
, , , .
, , LTE
.
PUSCH. ,
PUCCH ,
. ,
PUCCH SC-FDMA-.
.
, .
, (
), . , .
( SRS)
, PUSCH
. SRS,
142
. 2.34.
SRS
, SC-FDMA . , .
SRS- 24, , SRS .
SRS LTE .
. SRS 8 .
, SRS .
. 2.35 - SRS- . SRS-
143
0,72 (4 )
10 ( 5 ). 20 ( 3,6 ) 5 .
. 2.35. -
SRS,
2.2.7.
PRACH
, .
. ,
, PRACH
, PRACH.
LTE, FDD
1, PRACH , 144
. ,
,
. 20 .
. . 2.36.
903
103
1,08
(6 )
800
1484
684
800
1803
203
800
800
2284
684
800
800
1, 3,
, , , ( LTE 100 , 333 ). 145
.
64 , .
PRACH 1,08 ,
.
839 ,
. PRACH
.
64
. , , , , . , ,
(. 2.37).
. 2.37.
PRACH
146
,
.
.
2.3.
. 2.1.1 ,
LTE , ( ) .
, . , OFDM- , , , .
OFDM- .
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDMA).
OFDMA-, , ,
OFDM- , ,
, . . .
,
, 180 ,
15
12 , 0,5 (). -
1 (). 7
OFDMA-,
6 OFDMA-.
147
2.3.1.
PDSCH. CQI, ,
. , , . , ,
(. 2.38).
CQI
1
2
2
CQI
. 2.38.
, ,
PDCCH. PDSCH
OFDMA- PDSCH
148
( ).
PDCCH , PDSCH.
, . 2.39, PDCCH 3 OFDMA-,
OFDMA-.
, 1,4 , PDCCH
OFDMA-.
(10 )
(1 )
1 (0,5 )
2 (0,5 )
. 2.39.
PDCCH PDSCH
PBCH.
, , ( OFDMA-).
. 2.40.
149
PDCCH
PDSCH
OFDMA-
. 2.40.
1/3,
(. 2.2.5). ,
, 6144 .
. 2.41. , PDSCH ,
OFDMA-.
150
PDSCH
, CRC
,
CRC
OFDMA-
. 2.41. PDSCH
. 2.41, , , ( ).
(Multiple In Multiple Out, MIMO),
.
MIMO .
PDSCH.
b(0), b(1), ..., b( M bit 1) ,
M bit . 2 c(i ) :
(i ) ( b(i ) + c(i ) ) mod 2 .
b=
c(i ) 151
(0 1), nRNTI ,
cell
N ID
(1)
N ID
= 0, 1, ..., 167 , ,
(2)
= 0, 1, 2 :
N ID
cell
(1)
(2)
N
=
3 N ID
+ N ID
.
ID
(2.31)
b (0), b (1), ..., b ( M 1)
bit
, : , -16, -64.
(q )
d ( q ) (0),..., d ( q ) ( M symb
1) ,
.
,
,
.
layer
M symb
( 1)
layer
x(i ) = x (0) (i ) ... x=
(i ) , i 0,1, ..., M symb
1.
, . .
x (0) (i )=
= d (0) (i ) , i 0,1, ..., M symb 1 .
: (Spatial Multip-
152
layer
=
i 0,1,..., M symb
1
x (0) (i ) = d (0) (i )
x (0) (i ) = d (0) (i )
x (1) (i ) = d (1) (i )
x (0) (i ) = d (0) (2i )
=
x (1) (i ) d (0) (2i + 1)
x (0) (i ) = d (0) (i )
layer
(0)
M symb
= M symb
layer
(0)
(1)
M
=
M
=
M symb
symb
symb
layer
(0)
M symb
= M symb
2
layer
(0)
M
=
M
=
symb
symb
(1)
= M symb
2
153
. 2.8
x (0) (i ) = d (0) (2i )
=
x (1) (i ) d (0) (2i + 1)
layer
(0)
=
M symb
M
=
symb 2
(1)
= M symb
2
(3)
x=
(i ) d (1) (2i + 1)
, TD,
,
, . . .
. 2.9.
2.9
TD
- -
layer
=
i 0,1,..., M symb
1
(0)
layer
(0)
M symb
= M symb
2
(0)
M symb
mod 4 = 0
layer
(0)
M symb
= M symb
4
(0)
(2)
x=
(i ) d (0) (4i + 2)
(3)
x=
(i ) d (0) (4i + 3)
layer
=
M symb
(M
(0)
symb
+ 2) 4
(0)
mod 4 0 M symb
layer
x(i ) = x (0) (i ) ... =
x ( 1) (i ) , i 0, 1, ..., M symb
1
154
.
T
ap
y (i ) = ... y ( p )=
(i ) ... , i 0,1, ..., M symb
1,
p- y (i )
p ( ap
, antenna port).
, ,
, . .
ap
ap
layer
1, M symb
= M symb
.
y ( p ) (i ) =
= x (0) (i ) , i 0,1,..., M symb
, ,
:
.
W(i) P, ( SM
2 4 ), , :
y (0) (i )
x (0) (i )
=
W
(
i
)
,
y ( P 1) (i )
x ( 1) (i )
ap
layer
ap
= M symb
.
=
i 0, 1, ..., M symb
1 , M symb
(2.32)
:
y (0) (i )
x (0) (i )
= W (i )D(i )U ,
y ( P 1) (i )
x ( 1) (i )
(2.33)
155
W(i) , D(i)
, U . 2.10.
2.10
U D(i)
D(i)
1
1 1
1 e j 2 2
2
0
1
0 e j 2 i 2
1
1
1
1
1 e j 2 3 e j 4 3
3
j4 3
j8 3
1 e
e
1
1
1
1
j2 4
e j 4 4 e j6 4
1 1 e
2 1 e j 4 4 e j8 4 e j12 4
j6 4
e j12 4 e j18 4
1 e
1
0
0
0
1
0 e j 2 i 3
0
j 4 i 3
0
e
0
0
0
0
e j 2 i 4
0
0
e j 4 i 4
0
0
e j 6 i 4
0
0
. 2.11,
.
,
, .
Wn = I 2u n u nH u nH u n ,
(2.34)
I 4 4,
u . .4 3.
156
Wn, , s
W(s) . .4.
2.11
1
2
0
1 1
2 1
1 1 0
2 0 1
1 1
2 1
1 1 1
2 1 1
1 1
2 j
1 1 1
2 j j
1 1
2 j
SM 4 , x(i) .
:
i
(2.35)
, - , .
ap
y (i ) = y (0) (i ) =
y (1) (i ) , i 0,1,..., M symb
1,
157
:
y (2i )
1
(1)
0
(2
)
y
i
1
y (0) (2i + 1)
2 0
(1)
1
y (2i + 1)
(0)
Re ( x (0) (i ) )
0
j 0
(1)
1 0 j Re ( x (i ) )
,
1 0 j Im ( x (0) (i ) )
0 j 0
(1)
Im ( x (i ) )
layer
=
i 0, 1, ..., M symb
1,
(2.36)
ap
layer
= 2M symb
M symb
.
y (i ) = y (0) (i )
y (1) (i )
ap
y (2) (i ) =
y (3) (i ) , i 0, 1, ..., M symb
1,
y (0) (4i )
1 0
(1)
0 0
y (4i )
(2)
y (4i )
0 1
(3)
y (4i )
0 0
y (0) (4i + 1)
0 1
(1)
y (4i + 1)
0 0
y (2) (4i + 1)
1 0
(3)
y (4i + 1) 1 0 0
y (0) (4i + 2) = 2 0 0
(1)
y (4i + 2)
0 0
(2)
0 0
y (4i + 2)
(3)
y (4i + 2)
0 0
(0)
(4
3)
y
i
+
0 0
y (1) (4i + 3)
0 0
(2)
(4
3)
y
i
+
0 0
y (3) (4i + 3)
0 0
158
0 0
j
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 j
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 0
0 0
j 0
0 0
j 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 j
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 j
0
0
(0)
0 Re ( x (i ) )
0 Re ( x (1) (i ) )
0
Re ( x (2) (i ) )
0
(3)
0 Re ( x (i ) )
(0)
0 Im ( x (i ) )
0
(1)
Im ( x (i ) )
(2)
j Im ( x (i ) )
0 Im ( x (3) (i ) )
0
0
layer
=
i 0, 1, ..., M symb
1,
(2.37)
ap
symb
layer
(0)
4 M symb , M symb mod 4 = 0;
=
layer
(0)
( 4 M symb ) 2, M symb mod 4 0.
2.3.2.
.
.
(Control Format Indicator,
CFI) ,
. CFI
PCFICH.
HARQ (HARQ Indicator, HI) , .
HARQ- PHICH.
(Downlink Control Information, DCI), ,
.
PDCCH.
PCFICH ,
OFDMA- PDCCH. , PDCCH
OFDMA- .
, .
159
PCFICH
.
,
OFDMA- OFDMA- .
DCI PDCCH - , . DCI PDCCH, . 2.12.
2.12
0
1
2
3
PDCCH
1
9
2
18
4
36
8
72
DCI
72
144
288
576
, ,
(Control Channel Element, CCE),
9 , . . 36 . PDCCH .
DCI
:
PUSCH ( 0);
PDSCH
( 1);
PDSCH ( 2);
( 3).
160
DCI PDSCH
.
, . , ,
.
DCI 1 2 . , , DCI .
. DCI 5
, PDSCH .
, , .
,
HI. , , .
8.
, , .
.
, ,
.
PUCCH. DCI 2 , , -
161
PUCCH
.
DCI PUSCH .
, PUSCH.
,
DCI .
.
.
PUSCH,
- .
, .
CQI CQI.
, PDCCH, . 1 2 .
PDCCH
. 2.42. ,
PDCCH, ,
.
162
CRC
CRC
(R=1/3)
. 2.42. PDCCH
, gCRC16(D) (. . 2.2.4). bk
(k = 0, 1, , A + 15), 0, 1, , A 1 , A,
A + 1, , A + 15 .
2
:
c=
k
(b
xRNTI,0 ,
xRNTI,15 .
.
PDCCH .
163
,
,
PBCH,
LTE. , PBCH RACH, . 6
, 1,08
72 . PBCH ,
cell
cinit = N ID
, -
. PBCH
, (. 2.43),
.
(10 )
PBCH
1,08
. 2.43. PBCH
164
.
1,
FDD,
OFDMA- 0, 10.
d(n), 62
, (k, l) ,
, :
ak ,l = d (n) , n = 0,...,61 ,
DL
N RB
N scRB
,
k =n 31 +
2
(2.38)
DL
N RB
, -
, N scRB , , k , l OFDMA-.
cell
(1)
(2)
,
N
=
3 N ID
+ N ID
ID
(1)
(2)
N ID
= 0, 1, ..., 162 N ID
= 0, 1, 2 .
(2)
N ID
:
un(n + 1)
n=
0, 1, ..., 30,
exp j
,
63
(2.39)
d u ( n) =
exp j u (n + 1)(n + 2) , n =
31, 32, ..., 61,
63
u . 2.13.
165
2.13
u
(2)
u
N ID
0
1
2
25
29
34
0, 10 , (2.38),
OFDMA- :
DL
=
l N symb
2 ( 1).
d (0), ..., d (61) :
s0( m0 ) (n)c0 ( n ) (subframe 0),
d (2n) = ( m1 )
s1 (n)c0 ( n ) (subframe 5),
(m )
(m )
s1 1 (n)c1 ( n ) z1 0 ( n ) (subframe 0),
d (2n + 1) =
( m0 )
(m )
s0 (n)c1 ( n ) z1 1 ( n ) (subframe 5),
0 n 30 .
(2.40)
m0, m1 s0(n), s1(n).
(1)
N ID
:
m0 = m mod 31 ,
m1 =
( m0 + m 31 + 1) mod 31,
m = N
166
(1)
ID
(1)
N ID
+ q(q + 1) 2
(1)
, q = N ID
30 .
+ q (q + 1) 2 , q =
30
(2.41)
s0(n), s1(n)
m- s (n) m0 m1 :
(n) s ((n + m0 ) mod 31) ,
s0( m0 ) =
s1( m1 ) =
(n) s ((n + m1 ) mod 31) ,
n = 0, 1, ..., 30 .
(2.42)
m- s (n)
x(i):
s (i ) =
1 2 x(i ), i =
0, 1, ..., 30 ,
(2.43)
x(i) :
x( i + 5)=
( x( i + 2) + x( i ) ) mod 2, 0 i
25
(2.44)
x(0) = 0 , x(1) = 0 , x(2) = 0 , x(3) = 0 , x(4) = 1 .
0(n) c1(n)
c (n) :
(2)
c0 =
(n) c ((n + N ID
) mod 31) ,
(2)
c1 (n) = c ((n + N ID
+ 3) mod 31) ;
(2.45)
c (n) :
c (i ) = 1 2 x(i ) , i = 0, 1, ..., 30 ,
x( i + 5)=
( x( i + 3) + x( i ) ) mod 2 , i
= 0, 1, ..., 25 ,
(2.46)
x(i)
x(0) = 0 , x(1) = 0 , x(2) = 0 , x(3) = 0 , x(4) = 1 .
z1( m0 ) (n) , z1( m1 ) (n) m- z (n) :
z1( m0 )=
(n) z ((n + (m0 mod8)) mod 31) ,
z1( m1 )=
(n) z ((n + (m1 mod8)) mod 31) ,
(2.47)
(1)
m0, m1 N ID
. .5 .
167
, m- z (n)
:
z (i ) =
1 2 x(i ), i =
0, 1, ..., 30 ,
x( i + 5)=
( x( i + 4) + x( i + 2) + x( i + 1) + x( i ) ) mod 2, i=
0, 1, ..., 25 ,
(2.48)
x(i)
x(0) = 0 , x(1) = 0 , x(2) = 0 , x(3) = 0 , x(4) = 1 .
.
OFDMA-
. . ,
(2)
N ID
.
, , (
).
(2)
N ID
.
. , , OFDMA-, , .
, OFDMA, ,
. 164
168
(1)
N ID
.
(1)
, N ID
,
cell
.
N ID
, , , PBCH.
2.3.3. MIMO
, LTE .
:
- .
, .
.
,
2 4 .
, ,
. , , , OFDMA-, (x1) (x2) , . . ,
OFDMA-. , , , ,
169
x1 x2,
x2* x1*.
:
r1 = h1x1 h2x2*;
(2.49)
r2 = h1x2 + h2 x1*,
h1 h2 ,
.
h1 h2 :
x1 =
r1h1 + r2 h2
2
h1 + h2
, x2 =
r2 h1 r1 h2
2
h1 + h2
(2.50)
MIMO, TD , - .
x1, x2, x3 x4, , . 2.44.
x1
x2
x3
x4
x2
x1
x4 x3
t
. 2.44. ,
TD
170
. 2.45 MIMO-
. ,
,
2 .
,
OFDMA-
,
OFDMA-
h11
MIMO
h21
h12
h22
. 2.45. MIMO
, -
x1, x2. , (2.49)
=
r1 h11 x1 + h21 x2 ,
=
r2 h12 x1 + h22 x2 .
(2.51)
, x1 x2
, .
171
, MIMO,
TD SM, . , , ,
OFDMA-,
,
. MIMO
TS 36.211.
. 2.46.
( 1)
()
( 2)
OFDMA-
. 2.46.
172
2.3.4. LTE
LTE,
.
,
LTE.
SIM- (
) MCC (Mobile Country Code) MNC (Mobile Network Code)
, . ,
(
). , LTE .
, OFDM-
, , ,
().
LTE. ,
Fd = 1/Ts = 30,72 ,
f = 15 ,
NFT = Fd / f = 2048.
,
,
(. 2.14).
173
2.14
LTE
-
6
15
25
50
-
72
180
300
600
,
1,08
2,7
4,5
9,0
75
900
100
1200
13,5
18,0
. 2.14 , Fd = 30,72 . ,
, , .
,
.
,
30,72 , , . ,
, . . = 3, . ,
Fd = 30,72 . ,
,
( ) , , .
, ,
, , . , , -,
,
, -, OFDM- . ,
174
, .
. 2.15 , ,
.
2.15
Fd,
16
8
4
2
1
,
1,92 3,84 7,68 15,36 30,72
32
64
128 256 512
f = 15
64
128 256 512 1024
f = 7,5
,
. 2.15 3,84 , . . UMTS. ,
,
.
. 2.15
(. 2.14).
,
175
,
.
. 2.16
.
2.15
,
-
72
180
300
600
900 1200
128
256
512 1024 1024 2048
16
8
4
2
2
1
, LTE , ,
. . 72- ,
16 .
. 2.47 LTE.
. 2.47.
LTE
176
x(t)
( . 2.47 ;
),
xc(t) xs(t). -
. ik qk .
,
.
BCH,
PBCH. . .
:
1.
.
2. 0- 10- ,
(2)
N ID
.
3. ,
(1)
N ID
.
4. ()
, .
5. , .
177
. ,
z[k] = (i16k + j q16k), k = 1, 2, , 16-
.
,
(1,08/2) .
, OFDM, LTE . OFDM-
, (. . ) OFDM- . ,
Fd = 1,92 10 9
OFDM- . , 7 OFDM . ,
MAX, , -, / MAX 1,
-, 0,9 MAX.
.
10 , , , ,
,
.
:
9
959
CorCP [k ] =
=
n 0=
k 0
r =0
,
2
=r 0=r 0
(2.51)
178
n = 0, , 9 , k = 0, , 959
, r = 0, , 9 , * .
. 2.48
, (2.51).
1
|CorCP[k]|
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
200
800
600
400
. 2.48.
:
. Slot_Offset, z
,
(2.52)
CorCP , . .
(15 ). , ,
:
=
z[k ] z0 [k ]exp( j 2f tk ) ,
(2.53)
179
z0
, f
, t ,
. . , Fd. (2.53) ,
z[k] z[n]
= 2f t (k n) ,
. . k n. ,
(2.51)
, CorCP f:
1 Fd
angle CorCP [arg(max CorCP [k ] )]) ,
f =
(2.54)
k
128 2
angle ,
|angle| < . , (2.54) ,
OFDM-
, . . ,
f 7,5 .
(2.55)
} )
(2.56)
nf = 0, 1, 2, , fz = 15nf , fq .
,
.
, SP:
180
SP[n, mod(
=
k + N FT / 2, N FT )]
N FT 1
z[Symb_Offset[n] + r ]
r =0
(2.57)
2
2
exp j
kr j
f q r .
N
F
FT
d
(2.57) n = 0, 1, () SP;
k = 0, 1, , 128 , k-
f = (1,92/2 + 0,015k) [];
NFT , Fd = 1,92 NFT = 128; Symb_Offset
,
z ,
(2.57)
Symb_Offset[n] = Slot_Offset + n / 7 960 + mod( n,7)137 ,
x , x; 960 , 137 = 128 + 9
OFDM- .
SP NFT/2,
, .
,
OFDM- .
(2)
, N ID
= 0, 1, 2 . -
, CorPSS (2)
N ID
( PSS Primary
Synchronization Signal):
30
CorPSS [n, k , p] =
r =31
30
SP[n, r + 129 + p]
30
PSS*[ k , r + 31]
31
31
r=
r=
(2.58)
181
{ max (Cor
PSS
n =0,...,9,k , p
[n, k , p ]) .
(2.59)
20
40
60
80
. 2.49.
N = 2
(1)
. ,
N ID
(. . ) OFDM-
,
182
(1)
N ID
, , .
( SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal):
30
CorSSS [n, k ] =
r =31
30
] +
]SSS*[ n, k , r + 31]
30
f
r=
r=
31
31
(2.60)
n = 0, 1 10 ; k = 0,
1, , 167 .
(2.60) (1)
.
N ID
SN + 10n1 , N (1)
k1.
(2.60)
[n1 , k1 ] = arg max ( CorSSS [n, k ]) , SN =
ID =
n ,k
. 2.50 (2.60) k,
: CorSSS[0, 0], ,
CorPSS[0, 167], CorPSS[1, 0], .
1
Cor [k]
SSS
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
. 2.50.
183
, ,
, PBCH, OFDM .
,
. . PBCH,
, /
.
, ,
, (1, 2 4),
,
.
184
1. 1 2?
2. OFDM ?
LTE?
3.
LTE? ?
4. , ?
5.
.
6.
?
7.
PUCCH?
8. PUSCH. ?
9.
? LTE?
10. PRACH.
11. , . ?
12.
LTE? ?
13. . ?
185
1. . . :
. / . . , . . . . :
, 2010. 336 .
2. . . :
GSM : . . . /
. . , . . , . . , . . . . : , 2006. 256 .
3. . . UMTS. /
. . , . . , . . . . : ,
2008. 224 .
4. . UMTS. , , /
. , . , . , . , . . . : , 2007. 464 .
5. . . GPRS
GSM : . / . . . . : - . -,
2008. 182 .
6. . . . / . . , . . , . . , . . .
. : , 2005. 768 .
7.
. .
/
. . . . : , 2011. 768 .
186
1.
LTE
. .1 LTE:
,
.
.1
LTE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
,
,
19201980
21102170
FDD
18501910
19301990
FDD
17101785
18051880
FDD
17101755
21102155
FDD
824849
869894
FDD
830840
875885
FDD
25002570
26202690
FDD
880915
925960
FDD
1749,91784,9
1844,91879,9
FDD
17101770
21102170
FDD
1427,91447,9
1475,91495,9
FDD
698716
728746
FDD
777787
746756
FDD
788798
758768
FDD
FDD
FDD
704716
734746
FDD
815830
860875
FDD
830845
875890
FDD
832862
791821
FDD
187
. .1
1495,91510,9
FDD
21
1447,91462,9
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
19001920
19001920
20102025
20102025
18501910
18501910
19301990
19301990
19101930
19101930
25702620
25702620
18801920
18801920
23002400
23002400
: 6
188
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
2.
RS
. .2 3 (n) M SC
= 12
RS
M SC
= 24 .
.2
RS
(n) , M SC
= 12
u
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
u
1 3 3 15
1 3 3 16
3 1 1 17
3 3 1 18
1 1 3 19
3 3 1 20
3 3 1 21
3 3 1 22
3 1 1 23
1 1 1 24
3 3 1 25
1 3 3 26
3 3 1 27
3 3 3 28
3 1 1 29
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
189
.3
(n) , M
u
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
190
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
RS
SC
= 24
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
. .3
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3 1 1 3 1
1 3 3 3 1
3 1 3 3 3
1 3 1 3 1
3 1 1 3 1
3 1 1 3 1
1 1 3 1 1
1 3 1 3 1
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1 1 3 1
3 1 3 3
1 1 1 1
3 1 3 3
3 3 3 1
3 3 1 3
1 3 3 3
3
1 3 3
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
191
3.
. .4 u W
.
.4
u 0 = [1 1 1 1]
W0{1}
W0{14}
W0{124}
W0{1234} 2
=
u1 [1 j 1
j]
W1{1}
W1{12}
W1{123}
W1{1234} 2
=
u 2 [1 1 1 1]
W2{1}
W2{12}
W2{123}
W2{3214} 2
W3{1}
W3{12}
W3{123}
W3{3214} 2
W4{1}
W4{14}
W4{124}
W4{1234} 2
W5{1}
W5{14}
W5{124}
W5{1234} 2
3
4
5
192
u
T
=
u3 [1
j 1 j]
1 (1 j )
u=
4
=
u5 1 (1 j )
2
2
j (1 j )
j (1 j )
2
2
. .4
6
=
u 6 1 (1 + j )
j (1 + j )
1 (1 + j )
u=
7
=
u8 [1 1 1 1]
u9 = [1 j 1 j ]
10
11
j (1 + j )
2
T
=
u10 [1 1 1 1]
=
u11 [1
j]
j 1
2
2
W6{1}
W6{13}
W6{134}
W6{1324} 2
W7{1}
W7{13}
W7{134}
W7{1324} 2
W8{1}
W8{12}
W8{124}
W8{1234} 2
W9{1}
W9{14}
W9{134}
W9{1234} 2
W10{1}
W10{13}
W10{123}
W10{1324} 2
W11{1}
W11{13}
W11{134}
W11{1324} 2
12
u12 = [1 1 1 1]
W12{1}
W12{12}
W12{123}
W12{1234} 2
13
u13 =
[1 1 1 1]
W13{1}
W13{13}
W13{123}
W13{1324} 2
14
u=
[1 1 1 1]
14
W14{1}
W14{13}
W14{123}
W14{3214} 2
15
u15 = [1 1 1 1]
W15{1}
W15{12}
W15{123}
W15{1234} 2
193
4.
. .5 m0, m1 z1( m ) ( n) , z1( m ) ( n)
0
(1)
.
N ID
.5
(1)
m0, m1 N ID
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
m0 m1 N ID
m0 m1 N ID
m0 m1 N ID
m0 m1 N ID
m0 m1
N ID
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
194
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
0
1
2
3
4
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
4
5
6
7
8
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
22
23
24
25
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
27
28
29
30
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
24
25
26
27
28
29
0
1
2
3
25
26
27
28
29
30
2
3
4
5
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
28 30 92 5
0 3 93 6
1 4 94 7
2 5 95 8
3 6 96 9
4 7 97 10
5 8 98 11
6 9 99 12
7 10 100 13
8 11 101 14
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
. .5
126 12 17 160 20 26
127 13 18 161 21 27
128 14 19 162 22 28
129 15 20 163 23 29
130 16 21 164 24 30
131 17 22 165 0 7
132 18 23 166 1 8
133 19 24 167 2 9
134 20 25
135 21 26
195
5.
AM Acknowledge Mode, .
( UM) RLC-.
AS, Access Stratum, . ( NAS)
LTE.
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel, , .
BCH Broadcast Channel, .
BM-SC Evolved Broadcast Multicast Service Center, .
CAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation Code, ,
PUCCH.
C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier, .
CCCH Common Control Channel,
,
, RRC-.
CCE Control Channel Element,
PDCCH.
CDR Charging Data Record, .
CFI Control Format Indicator, , PCFICH.
CP Control Plane, . Uu S1, .
CSG Closed Subscriber Group, .
CQI Channel Quality Indicator. .
196
GP Guard Period, .
GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol, .
197
198
199
200
PTM point-to-multipoint, . , .
PTP point-to-point, .
.
PU-CCH Physical Uplink Control Channel,
.
PU-SCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel,
.
PWS Public Warning System, .
PoC Push-to-talk over Cellular, .
QoS Quality of Service, , .
RACH Random Access Channel,
.
RI Rank Indicator, ,
PUSCH.
RLC Radio Link Control, () .
RNL Radio Network Layer, . ( )
.
RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier, .
ROHC Robust Header Compression, RLC-.
RRC Radio Resource Control, () .
RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol,
.
RTSP Real-Time Streaming Protocol,
.
201
S1-
.
S1-U- , .
S1-MM-
, .
SC-FDMA Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access,
.
S-GW Serving Gateway, .
SDP Session Description Protocol, .
SDU Service Data Unit, , ,
- .
SM Spatial Multiplexing, .
SMS Short Message Service, .
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, , .
SRI Scheduling Request Indicator,
SRS Sounding Reference Signal,
TA Tracking Area, .
TAI Tracking Area Identity, .
TCP Transmission Control Protocol, .
TD Transmit Diversity, - .
TDD Time Division Duplex,
TNL Transport Network Layer, .
( )
.
202
203
204
LTE
020593 07.08.97
005-93, . 2; 953005
. . . 12,75
6084/16. .
. .-. .
. .
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195251, -, ., 29.
.: (812) 550-40-14.
./: (812) 297-57-76.