. .

(),
[2] . . kwas , [3] .-. kvas , ,
[1] ,

[1] .

1.

1,2 %,
[4] . 2 %.
Beer Judge
Certification Program,
, ,
, ,
, (historical, traditional or indigenous
beers)[5] . ,
(. , . , . , . , ( ) . . , . kysel', kyselica, .
parovec, . kwas, kisiel, ur)
, - , (, - , .
) , , , ;
, , . 2.
[1] .

IX XIV 1

4
;

4.

;
;
;
.

: , , , .
,
,
, .
( ). , ( ),
,
( , , , ), .

3.
, , [6][7][8] . ;
; , , ,
[6] . ,
, . B1 E,
[6] . ( . fermentum )[6] .

,
, , , :
, , , , , , . +15,5 C. , ,
,
, , . 10
.
, 0,009. , 100
.
, 0,006.
- . 100
+100 C . .
.
. () ( ) ,
. ,
,
[12] .

, ,
. , 0,41 % ( ) , 0,250,45 % (
( ) 0,52 % . ) : 0,7 % . 2,6 % [9] .
, , [10] .
. , , - :
-
, , , , . +15 C 1,015; 0,64,
- . - , - , ,
, [6] . . : 1,002 1,0205;
[6][11] . 0,5 % 6,330 %. -

3
(99,499,5 %). 0,18 % 0,53 %; ,
, 0,007 % 0,110 %.

2,6 %; 0,01 % 0,9 %. , , ,
, . , , .

, 0,1 0,385 %. ,
- ,
,
.

. ,
,
(, , ), , ,
. , ,
; .

. - ,
, , 5,5 33 , , .
( , .) .
,
( 100 ):

, , , ,
,
.
2. , ,
.
.
3.
.
4. -
, ,
, . , , ,
, . [ 1895 ]

5.
,
. , ( ) . , , ,
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,
, ,
. ,
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, ;
.
. .

,
.
. , .
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, (,
1. , ).

, , ;
.

, , , ,
, , ( ,
) .
, -:

5.1.

:
, , - , ,
,
;
1/10

. () ()[13] ,
; .
, , 23 ( 1 % ) .

. , [14] .
. , ;

4 10 , 1
1/2 4
,
, ,
,
.
,
80
8 , , ,
. 5

,
,
3/4 2
, . 2-3
.

: ,
,
,
. ,
,
4 ,
, , ,
.
,
.[?]

5.2.


.
, ,
,
,

5.3

, , .


, : - ,
.
,
,
, ; ,
, - , , .

5


.
, ,
.
23 .
;
, .
,

; .

, ,
.

5.3.

2006 ,
[15] . 2000-

. ,

. ,
50 .[16]

, , - 2010 , : -
, - 49 %, 63 ( , 2009
, - 5 % 42,3 ). ,
, -
, ,
2010 . , .
, , , , , 2010 , : , 10 %.[17]
, , , ,
, -
. - 4 % 14 %, - . 10
. - 10 .[18] 45 , , 2011
; - , , 35 32 % [19] .
,
. 6.
,
.

:
,

,

6.1.

. ,
, 3 ,
, -

. , ,
- , .
. (
).

6.2.

. ,
, ,
.
,
.

. ,
. 996 [20] : [9]
I - :
, .
. , ,
, ,
[21] .
: , , ,
, , .

,
: , , , , , .
. , , , , - . , ,
, - .
.
, , .

6.3.

!
.
,
.
,
.
XV 500

[22] .
1913 . . ,
.
, . ,
, [23][24] .

. : []
, . . , - , , ,
. ,

6.4

7
( ), , [25] .
, ( 0,9[26] )
. ,
.

,
.
. ,
. .
. .

1990- . , , ,
.
1995 ( ),
. [27] .
, 30 [28] .
04.03.1996
199- . .

,
,
. , 6.4.
. , .
, , . . , (. Iuciema
kvass) (. Ulmalaiku kvass).
, , . . : , , , , , ,
7.
-, , , , ,
, , (, .
XIX
). , ,
, .
, , ,
, .
.

XIX , .
,

. . .
: ,
.
XX -

, .
, , , .
,
,
, , , , ,
.
, ,
, .

11

8.
,
:
(.)

, 8 4 %
( )[12][30][31] .
. . : .

(. kotikalja) .
, , kalja ,
.
().
, :

Ibwatu
Malta (., Malta Guinness)
,
Toddy ( )
Rivella
Braga traditional soft drink

9.

10. .








(, ,
XIX , ).

11.
[1] , 1999, . 488.
[2] , 1991, . 36.
[3] -i // arhivarij.narod.ru
[4] . 52409-2005 (
)
[5] 2008 BJCP Style Guidelines
[6] . . ISBN 5-22207416-1

XII
. [7]
, ( , [8]
, ). XII ,
, ,
. [9]
, , ,
[10]
[29][2] .
, .
, ,

24527 27 2007 .

. . .

//
: 86 . (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.

[11] . . . . 2007.
ISBN 978-5-373-01229-4 .7
[12] . .
. 2006

[13] //
: 4 . / .-. . . . 2- .
. : . . , 18801882.

(. ., 1875)

[14] ., . 500
.: , 1992 ISBN 5-87902-085-1
[15] , fas.gov.ru, 19
2007

, ,
(, . I, 18741875 .,
. 218 243)

[16] . volgograd.ru (16.05.2008).

23 2011.

(, 1885 ., . 85 104)

[17] , , 26 2010
[18]
-. 2011
[19] . //
. 25 2011. 92 (4633).

// : 3 . / . . . . ; . . . . .; .:
. . : . . .. . -, 2002. . 2: . 720 .
ISBN 5-691-00882-X.

[20] , 2002.

, , 1967

[21] , , , .1, . , 1837 ., . 78

. ,
. .: , 2010. 240
. ( ). 10 000 . ISBN
978-5-373-03724-2.

[22] . . . . 2007.
ISBN 978-5-373-01229-4

. . 2. ,
IX XIV
// (IXXX .). .: , 1991. 288 . ISBN 5-85217-012-7.

[23]
[24]
[25] . www.nubo.ru
[26] / . . . ; - .
; . .-. - . .
9- . .: , 1982. . 294.
[27]
-
[28] . !
// : . 5.5.1995. 82.
[29] . . . ISBN 5222-08996-7.
[30] , , . . ISBN 5-78110174-8.
[31]

12.
/ . . // : : 5 . /
. . . ; . . : ,
1999. . 2: () (). .
488489. ISBN 5-7133-0982-7.

. . ( ), . ,
. , 1898

( , 1882)

13.
//
: 86 . (82 . 4 .). ., 1890
1907.
. . :
. .


31494-2012. .

(18901907).

10

14

14. ,
14.1.
: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81?oldid=80254892 : Kneiphof, Wind,
Maximaximax, Torin, Obersachse, Asp, Hq3473, Grant, Snch, YurikBot, Butko, OlegMarchuk, Breeder, CodeMonk, Boleslav1, Serebr,
Yuriy75, MikhailGusarov, Messir, Andrs, A5b, Gruzd, Alex Ex, Alexandrov, Lykovaa, Kink, Schwallex, Maksim-bot, Lite, Grey horse,
Pauk, Mashiah Davidson, .. , Barracoon, , Infovarius, Dmalinovsky, Yufereff, Vinograd19, Shura007, ManN,
Fuseau, Sasha l, Vmenkov, Thijs!bot, JAnDbot, , Bunker by, GarconN2, Raoul NK, Wesha, CommonsDelinker, Wikiegor, , Alex Smotrov, Yartsew, Lobotomy, Okhotin, Shureg, VolkovBot, Latitude, , One half 3544, Idiomabot, Skydrinker, Smolov.ilya, ButkoBot, , 231-567, Luckan, Krass, Butcher, GrinD, !, Aquihost
Workstation Master, Makarov Andrey, , Rodos, Andywolk, SieBot, Dreamer.mas, Loveless, Pianist,
Auster~ruwiki, BotMultichill, Lubir, Daphne mesereum, Vlsergey, Tatata, Ivan the Knight, Tim474, Boom1x, Rubin16, S-sushinskiy,
Saidaziz, , Winterpool, Sebastano Perero, Skyrover~ruwiki, Alexbot, , Tol-dmitriy, LatitudeBot, Victor-435,
Reanimator4, Fractaler, Qkowlew, MelancholieBot, Track13, Abanima, Dmitrij1996, AXON, Torigo, , Eino81, , Maxik00, Luckas-bot, Nallimbot, Cherttod, Yack~ruwiki, Cepe7a, Rubinbot, Sindar, PhilAnG, French Wine, Stepanych,
SlavMFM, Obersachsebot, Ehpc, Gromolyak, Qweedsa, Berillium, Ace111, Serg Fr, Xqbot, Broadbot, Schekinov Alexey Victorovich,
GreenZmiy, Z-Gleb, IGW, LucienBOT, , X7q, Makhmud, , WindBot, , Partyzan XXI, Psikos,
ZloyKitten, Bopsulai, Tpyvvikky, KamikazeBot, Anaxibia, Sashko1535, KaysBot, Ms-schrott, TjBot, Valdis72, ,
Kuzmaka, EmausBot, Kovako-1, , Gimme moaR, Cd1979, WildBoar, ZroBot, MGTom, Klymets, Ian4ik, Baltofficial, ,
, LankLinkBot, OneLittleMouse, El-chupanebrej, W2, Marek pivo, WikitanvirBot, Vodyanoj2010, Arthur Ignatyev,
Movses-bot, KrBot, WebCite Archiver, Umbisa, MerlIwBot, Rubinbot III, Kiselov 6686, Ragnwald, Tomu~ruwiki, Maestro116,
..1, Illustrator, , , Dmradenko, Stas1995, , YFdyh-bot, , RotlinkBot, Nikish
Edward, Geka b, Addbot, , Vladis13, Citing Bot, Andreyadamenko1982, , Alex NB IT,
: 184

14.2.
:Commons-logo.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg : Public
domain : This version created by Pumbaa, using a proper partial circle and SVG geometry features. (Former versions used to
be slightly warped.) : SVG version was created by User:Grunt and cleaned up by 3247, based on the earlier PNG version,
created by Reidab.
:Emblem-important.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg :
Public domain : The Tango! Desktop Project : The people from the Tango! project
:KBAC_-_kvas_cvas_drink_tank_barrel.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/KBAC_-_
kvas_cvas_drink_tank_barrel.jpg : CC BY 2.0 : originally posted to Flickr as KBAC - kvas cvas drink tank barrel
: Jason Rogers
:Koeningsburg-097.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Koeningsburg-097.jpg :
CC BY 1.0 : ? : ?
:Kvas.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Kvas.jpg : CC-BY-SA-3.0 : ? : User Grant on ru.wikipedia
:Kvas_on_fridge.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Kvas_on_fridge.jpg : CC BY
2.0 : originally posted to Flickr as Kvas : Andrij Bulba
:Mint_bread_kvas.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Mint_bread_kvas.jpg : CCBY-SA-3.0 : : Mr.Icon (Mricon)
:Stock_alarm.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Stock_alarm.svg : LGPL : http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-themes-extras/0.9/gnome-themes-extras-0.9.0.tar.gz : David Vignoni
:Wiki_letter_w.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg : CC BY-SA
3.0 : ; Wikimedia Foundation : SVG Jarkko Piiroinen; rights, design and origin Wikimedia
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Foundation; Santhosh Thottingal <santhosh.thottingal@gmail.com> (according to File:Cog-ULS-gear-latest.png);
:Wikisource-logo.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg : CC
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:Wiktionary-logo-ru.png : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png :
CC BY-SA 3.0 : Russian Wiktionary : One half 3544, VPliousnine
:__.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%
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80%D0%BE%D0%B4.jpg : CC BY-SA 3.0 : :
:__1861.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/%D0%9C%D0%B0%
D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%
D0%BA_1861.jpg : Public domain : http://kolybanov.livejournal.com/2272047.html :

14.3

14.3.
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

11