UNIT V

COMPROMISE AND DEADLOCK

Active Vocabulary: words and word combinations

1. to walk out of talks выйти из переговоров

п. a walkout выход
to achieve a breakthrough добиться прорыва
2. deal договор, соглашение
to implement претворять в жизнь, внедрять
п. implementation внедрение
3. concessions уступки
v. to concede уступать
to make concessions идти на уступки
to mediate выступать в качестве посредника
n. mediator посредник
to break the deadlock преодолеть тупик
4. to stiffen one’s stance ужесточить позицию
to carry out provisions of an agreement выполнять положения соглашения
schedule план, график
v. to schedule намечать, планировать
5. to be on the verge of collapse быть на грани срыва
6. ally союзник
settlement урегулирование, договоренность
v. to settle a conflict, a dispute урегулировать конфликт, спор
to reach agreement достичь соглашения
7. to be at an impasse быть в тупике
8. to revive talks возобновить переговоры
n. revival возобновление
stalled negotiations зашедшие в тупик переговоры
9. to restore peace восстановить мир
to strike a peace agreement заключить мирное соглашение
to convene a conference созвать конференцию
reconciliation примирение
to urge to do призывать сделать
to appeal for призывать к чему-либо
10.four-country talks переговоры с участием четырех стран
talks on переговоры по вопросу
hostilities военные действия
to adjourn talks переносить переговоры
to call a new round of talks назначить новый раунд переговоров
11.to collapse, to break down провалиться (о переговорах)
to oust сместить с поста, отстранить

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1. Translate the articles with the help of the Active Vocabulary list.

1. Last night angry Palestinian negotiators walked out of Jerusalem peace talks in protest at the
attitude of Israeli delegates, which they described as that of ‘occupiers towards the occupied’, PLO
officials said. The walkout followed an earlier announcement by D. R., a US peace envoy, that he was
going home, having failed to achieve a breakthrough in Israeli-PLO talks on Hebron after 15 days.

2. US Envoy Quits Peace Talks. The American special envoy D. R. pulled out of slow-moving
Israel-PLO peace talks yesterday, writes D. B. in Jerusalem. The two sides are still deadlocked on Israel’s
promised withdrawal from Hebron. Israel wants to renegotiate the agreement, signed by the last
government. Nevertheless, the Palestinians insist that the deal must be implemented, unchanged.

3. IRA Concession: The Irish Republican Army said it tends to open negotiations with Northern
Ireland’s disarmament commission, a significant gesture in support of the Good Friday peace accord. The
outlawed organization emphasized, however, that it would not meet the commission until the Protestant-
Catholic administration for Northern Ireland was appointed. The much-anticipated announcement has been
the subject of intense negotiations during the past 11 weeks of discussions mediated by U.S. diplomat G.
M. It is designed to break the deadlock between the Ulster Unionists, the province’s major British Protes-
tant party, and IRA-linked Sinn Fein party.

4. A. Stiffens Stance. Ramallah, West Bank (AP) — Palestinian leader Y. A. insisted Thursday that
Israel carry out the provisions of the Wye River land-for-security agreement to the letter and denied reports
that he might accept some changes. A.’s comments came a day after Israeli and Palestinian negotiators
tried to work out a detailed timetable for the accord under which Israel must hand over a total of 13
percent of the West Bank in three stages over three months. The Wye agreement, signed last October,
includes a week-by-week schedule for steps to be taken by the two sides.

5. Fears of fresh violence in the Middle East increased yesterday after the deadlocked Hebron talks
degenerated into a shouting match between the president of the Palestinian Authority, Y. A., and the
United States envoy, D.R. According to Palestinian sources, Mr. A. told Mr. R.: ‘We have made enough
concessions. My people will not agree to more’. This is not the first time the Hebron talks have been on
the verge of collapse, Israeli and Palestinian negotiators had previously announced they were close to
agreement, but yesterday, as before, last minute hitches prevented the signing of a deal.

6. The U.S. and its European allies suspended the Kosovo talks until March 15. The decision was
taken after members of the Contact Group on Kosovo admitted that despite ‘substantial progress’, they had
failed to get the warring Serbs and ethnic Albanians to sign a settlement. British Foreign Secretary R. C.
said that both sides had reached ‘a very substantial level of agreement’ on an autonomy deal for Kosovo,
but that they needed more time to ‘pin down the details’. The main breakthrough after 17 days of intense
negotiations in a chateau outside Paris was to get the Albanian delegation to agree to sign a peace plan at a
later date.

7. British Prime Minister B. said progress towards peace in Northern Ireland was at an impasse but
that he remained optimistic difficulties could be overcome, in the first ever speech by a British premier to
an Irish parliament.

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 8. U.N.’s Annan Faces High Expectations. After grateful Palestinians received him like a savior,
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan faced the last and possibly toughest challenge of his Middle East
mission: persuading Israeli leaders to show greater flexibility in efforts to revive the peace talks. Annan
was to meet with Prime Minister B. N. and Defense Minister Y. M.. Palestinian leader Y. A. said he hopes
Annan can break the Israel-Palestinian deadlock as he did the U.N.-Iraq deadlock, but Annan tried to lower
those expectations. ‘In the final analysis, the parties have to talk, have to negotiate, have to make the
compromises necessary’, he said. Israeli President E. W. told Annan, ‘I sometimes used to call the area the
‘Muddle East’. I hope you will help us unmuddle it’. However, Annan is not expected to play a major part
in moving forward the stalled negotiations. More central to the process is U.S. special mediator D. R., who
will have to travel to the region today.

9. Somali Warlords Vow To Restore Peace, Stability. Two leading Somali warlords on Tuesday
pledged to restore stability in their country in line with a peace agreement struck in Egypt in December. H.
M. A. and A. M. M., in a message to the Arab League, also appealed for urgent financial assistance that
they said is needed to convene a national Somali reconciliation conference. Somali factions say they need
4.5 million of dollars to convene the Baidoa conference. Arab League Secretary Gen. E. A. M. meanwhile
urged the foreign ministers to provide Somalia with the necessary assistance. Somalia has had no legal
government since the overthrow of the dictator Mohamed Siad Barre in January 1991.

10. Korean Peace Talks Hit Trouble. Four-country talks in Geneva on a peace treaty to put a formal
end to hostilities on the Korean peninsula have run into ‘serious difficulties’, the Chinese chairman said
yesterday. The talks were adjourned until late last night to enable the North Korean side to seek further
instructions from Pyongyang, but China’s assistant foreign minister, C. J., said it was not certain that a
new round of talks would be called. ‘I think these difficulties come from both sides’, he said, referring to
the two Koreas. ‘This has always been the case’. Diplomats close to the talks said deadlock remained over
how to set up an inter-Korean working group to agree ways of moving the process forward.

11. Likud Talks Collapse. Jerusalem (AP) — Coalition talks between E. B. and the hard-line
Likud party broke down Monday, signaling a dovish path for the government B. must set up by next week.
B. ousted the Likud in May 17 elections and pledged to revive stalled peace talks with Israel’s Arab
neighbors, at the same time describing the Likud, the second-largest party, as his natural partner in
government. He said the Likud’s imprimatur on any peace agreement would lend it weight. That ended
Monday when talks broke down amid mutual recriminations. Former Foreign Minister A. S.’s party
walked out of negotiations after Barak refused to compromise on peace issues.

2. Find English equivalents for the following word-combinations used in the above articles
(the number of the article is given in brackets):

ВЯЛОТЕКУЩИЕ ПЕРЕГОВОРЫ (2), НАСИЛИЕ (5),

ИНТЕНСИВНЫЕ ПЕРЕГОВОРЫ (6), ПРЕОДОЛЕВАТЬ ТРУДНОСТИ (7),
ГИБКОСТЬ, УСТУПЧИВОСТЬ (8), ДАВАТЬ ОБЕЩАНИЕ, КЛЯСТЬСЯ (9),
СВЕРЖЕНИЕ ДИКТАТОРА (9), УЧРЕЖДАТЬ, ОСНОВЫВАТЬ (10)

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3. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the underlined words.
1. During the summit, the 54-member OSCE is expected to amend its charter to add a provision establishing the
organisation’s right to become involved in trying to settle a conflict within a nation, provided that country sought
help.
2. ‘These generous and visionary statements represent a further important steps towards resolution of the
impasse over the full implementation of the Good Friday agreement’, the Irish Foreign Affairs Minister said.
3. The White House’s chief objective is to prevent a humiliating collapse in the talks.
4. The central idea which emerged from these talks was that any security arrangement on the Golan should be
‘mutual’: that is, that both sides would have to make concessions.
5. European Union heads of government begin an eight-hour closed summit in Dublin this morning to try to
break the deadlock in negotiations for a new treaty on closer union.
6. Widespread suspicions in the European Union that Israel is stalling the peace process were given voice in
Naples yesterday by the Italian foreign minister, L. D. ‘There is no alternative to the peace process and there is no
alternative to implementing the accords which have already been signed’, he said at a meeting of Italian and French
leaders.
7. R. P., the Italian prime minister, and President J. С of France predicted after meeting in Naples that today’s
EU summit in Dublin would call for a revival of the peace process, and an EU role in it.
8. Agreement to restart talks was reached during a summit between Mr. N. and Y.A., the Palestinian leader, last
Wednesday.
9. Dublin reacted angrily to suggestions that it had hardened its stance and had adopted a Sin Fein agenda.
10. The chief cause of the breakdown was continued British insistence that the IRA make a start to the
decommissioning of weapons before Sin Fein be allowed to join all-party talks.
11. Talks aimed at bringing a durable peace to the Korean peninsula resumed in Geneva after a break of more
than six months, with few hopes of a breakthrough.
12. With Mideast peace talks snagged, Israel made preparations Wednesday to depart even as the Clinton
administration put forward a U.S. plan designed to bring the Israelis and Palestinians together on a West Bank accord.
Palestinian leader Y. A. made a telephone appeal to Israeli Prime Minister N. to stay, so they could ‘achieve an
agreement as soon as possible.”
13. Е. said that if no settlement is reached by the Sept. 12, 2000 deadline, the Palestinians may decide
unilaterally on statehood.
14. The US mediator G. M. held fresh talks with Northern Ireland’s political parties Friday in a bid to
revive the British province’s stalled peace accord.
15. Negotiations broke off; the Palestinians suspended security cooperation with Israel and there have
been daily stone throwing riots in the West Bank.

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4. Use these words appropriately to fill in the blanks in the text below.
DEADLINES, TO TACKLE, TO CALL ON, A FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT,
PEACE TREATY, TO BE LAUNCHED, INTERIM PEACE AGREEMENT,
IN EXCHANGE FOR, CHIEF NEGOTIATORS, SUMMIT MEETING, NEGOTIATIONS,
A BREAKTHROUGH AGREEMENT, MUTUAL, TO TAKE OFFICE

ISRAELIES AND PALESTINIANS SET TO START TALKS ON FINAL TREATY

Jerusalem — Israel and the Palestinians will begin (...) on a final (...) on Nov. 7, the two sides
announced Friday.
The date was set in a first meeting between the two (...), the Palestinian information minister,
Y. A. R., and an Israeli diplomat, О. Е. So-called final status negotiations (...) with a brief
ceremony on Sept. 13 to mark the fifth anniversary of the signing of (...) of (...) recognition
between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization.
But there have been no substantive negotiations since, even though the two sides face tight
(...) of reaching (...) by February and a final treaty by September.
Mr. A. R. and Mr. E. met Friday morning in Jerusalem to prepare next week’s (...) in Oslo
of President В. С, the Palestinian leader Y. A. and Prime Minister E. B. of Israel.
The negotiators will have several contentious issues (...), including the final borders of the
Palestinian entity-, the status of Jerusalem and the future of Jewish settlements.
Since Mr. B. (...) in July, the two sides have signed a new (...), which (...) Israel to hand
over 13 percent of the West Bank, (...) for greater Palestinian efforts to rein in militants.

5. Replace the Russian words in the text with their English equivalents in the appropriate form.

HOPES RISE AS CYPRIOT (СОПЕРНИКИ) JOIN IN TALKS

In a move that could be the beginning of the end to Europe’s most intractable conflict, the
Turkish Cypriot leader R. D. yesterday agreed to (присутствовать на переговорах) in New
York next month (по вопросу о воссоединении) the island.
Years of intense diplomatic activity, by the Americans and by Britain’s special
(посланник), Sir D. H., have brought the two sides together.
However, much has changed since (последний раунд переговоров) (провалился) in 1997,
giving some cause for hope that (прорыв) may be possible during the proximity talks, modeled on
the ones at Dayton in 1995 that brought peace to Bosnia.
For the first time since 1974, Greece and Turkey, sponsors of the two Cypriot (общин), are
on relatively good terms, and it seems the talks are part of (более широкого соглашения) be-
tween the two. Under this, Turkey is forcing Mr. D. (пойти на уступки) in return for Greece
ending its opposition to Turkey’s bid (вступить в) the European Union.

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 President С yesterday praised Turkey for ‘impressive momentum’ in human rights and
declared his support for Turkish (членство) of the EU during (трехдневный государственный
визит).

6. Translate the following headlines:

EU LEADERS SEEK TO TACKLE MAASTRICHT TWO DEADLOCK
TALKS OFFER HOPE FOR DEAL OVER HEBRON
KOSOVO TALKS BREAK UP WITHOUT A DEAL
DUBLIN SEEKS URGENT SUMMIT TO BREAK TALKS IMPASSE
MAJOR ACCUSED AS PEACE PROCESS STALLS
US SEES ACCORD WITH BONN
CIS SUMMIT SCHEDULED
KLA, NATO STALL ON PLAN TO DISBAND KOSOVO FORCE
BLAIR FLIES TO ULSTER AS TALKS HIT A SNAG

7. This chart contains some of the geographical names mentioned in the articles (and several
extra ones). Supply the missing words.

The Name Of The Country Adjective/Language The Capital City

Albanian
Somalia
Dublin
British
Egypt
Turkish
Cypriot
Greece
Italian
France
Canberra
Israel
Dutch
Vienna
Brazil
Taiwan Лабораторные занятия
VIII семестр
8. Find an article on the topic ‘Compromise and Deadlock’ in a current newspaper and report
it in class. Номер
№ Объем
раздела
п/п часов
дисциплины

5 U
6

1 5 2
 UNIT VI
PEACE PROCESS
Active Vocabulary: words and word combinations

1. to lay down arms under the accord сложить оружие согласно договору

2. to observe truce соблюдать перемирие

ant. to violate, to break

3. under the auspices под эгидой

devastating (conflict, war) опустошительный

4. to avert a battle/a war предотвратить сражение/войну

shuttle diplomacy челночная дипломатия

5. to promote содействовать, способствовать

peace settlement мирное урегулирование
comprehensive всеобъемлющий

6. peacekeeping force миротворческие силы

relief operation/aid гуманитарная операция/помощь

7. landmark веха, важный этап

8. to hail приветствовать
to broker to выступать в роли посредника
to undermine negotiations подрывать переговоры

9. to endanger the peace process подвергать опасности

10. reconciliation примирение

11. through путем, посредством

peaceful coexistence мирное сосуществование
reunification воссоединение
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1. Translate the articles with the help of the Active Vocabulary list.

1. Peace Accord Signed in Congo. Brazzaville, Republic of Congo — The Congolese

government has signed a peace accord with militias backing the dismissed president, P. L., and his
prime minister, В. К., official radio announced Wednesday. The agreement to cease hostilities was
signed Tuesday by the Congolese Army and militia officers in Pointe-Noire, the radio said. Radio
Congo said the militias agreed to lay down their arms under the accord, which calls for a law to
amnesty those who surrender.

2. IRA Talks Verdict Soon. Belfast, Northern Ireland (AP) — The British government will
announce Friday whether the IRA-allied Sinn Fein party can join other parties in negotiations on
Northern Ireland’s future. Northern Ireland Secretary M. M. will make the announcement Friday
morning, rather than Thursday afternoon as had been expected, her Belfast office said.
Government officials would not indicate what the verdict will be, but observers considered a thumbs-
up for Sinn Fein’s participation to be a formality. In a June letter to Sinn Fein, M. said the party could
join talks within eight weeks of a renewed Irish Republican Army cease-fire.
The IRA began observing a truce in its violent campaign against British rule of Northern Ireland on
July 20.

3. U. S. Lauds Cease-fire. Washington (Reuters) — President В. С on Tuesday welcomed the

acceptance by Ethiopia and Eritrea of a cease-fire agreement under the auspices of the Organization for
African Unity, or OAU, as a ‘significant step toward peace’. ‘We have worked intensively with the
OAU in recent weeks to help bring an end to this devastating conflict’, C. said in a written statement.
The OAU said Monday that Ethiopia and Eritrea had confirmed their acceptance of the cease-fire
agreement aimed at ending a border war that has reportedly killed tens of thousands of soldiers from
both sides since last May. Both countries are to send representatives to Algeria, which currently holds
the OAU chairmanship, on Wednesday to work out the technical details of the cease-fire.

4. The prospects of a cease-fire averting a battle for Kabul rose yesterday for the first time since
the Taliban takeover, but a wide gap remained on the terms of any deal. After several rounds of shuttle
diplomacy by Pakistan’s interior minister, General N. В., a spokesman at the Taliban headquarters in
Kandahar said the movement’s leadership had provisionally accepted a ceasefire offer from the Uzbek
warlord. General A. R. D., in the northern city of Mazar-il-Sharif. M. H. said prisoners would have to
be exchanged and peace talks could follow. The ceasefire should be monitored by a commission
comprising six members of the Taliban and six of the opposition. The apparently open-ended ceasefire
of offer from Gen D., who has sent tanks and artillery against the Afghan capital, seems to fall short of
the conditions laid down by his ally, A. S. M., the former defense minister.

5. C. Plans a Mideast Push. President В. С plans to meet with Prime Minister E. B. of Israel and
the Palestinian leader, Y. A., in Oslo in an effort to promote a final peace settlement, the White House
said Wednesday. The three leaders will take part in a ceremony Nov. 2 commemorating the Oslo
accords that propelled the Middle East peace process forward in the early 1990s, the White House
press secretary, J. L., said. Mr. C.’s personal involvement underscores his determination to see a
comprehensive Middle East peace in his remaining 15 months in office. This week, S. В., the national
8
security adviser, said Mr. В., Mr. A. and President H. A. of Syria appeared willing to tackle hard issues
remaining. The 1993 and 1995 Oslo accords involved commitments by Israel to turn over West Bank
land to Palestinian control in exchange for security assurances.

6. An international peacekeeping force prepared to arrive in East Timor today, as rising tensions
threatened to damage trade and investment between Indonesia and Australia, which is leading the
force. The peacekeeping force and a planned relief operation to help ‘hundreds of thousands of
refugees are designed to restore some order to the Indonesian territory of East Timor, after a two-week
rampage by Jakarta militias in which an unknown number of civilians have been killed. Up to half the
population may have been forced out of their homes, fleeing either to the hills or shipped to West
Timor and nearby islands.

7. Y. A., the Palestinian President, said that his landmark meeting with the Israeli Prime Minister
B. N. was positive but that the issue of Jerusalem would either make or break Middle East peace. The
Israeli Foreign Minister, D. L., who was also in Rome but did not meet A., said the Jewish state would
continue the peace process while safeguarding its own security. In his speech at Rome’s city hall, A.
took a firm stand on Jerusalem, saying the issue of its status ‘could either make the peace process fall
or become a symbol of co-existence and harmony between Muslims, Christians and Jews’.

8. Sri Lanka Parties Agree. Colombo, Sri Lanka (AP) –An agreement between Sri Lanka’s two
main political parties to work together for peace with the Tamils was hailed Friday as a major step
toward ending the 14-year war. In the British-brokered accord reached Thursday, President C. K. and
opposition leader R. W. agreed to consult one another and that the opposition would not undermine
negotiations with the rebels. Any agreement made with Tamil rebels would be binding, even after a
change of government. ‘This is the first step on the long road to peace’, Foreign Minister L. D. told
reporters Thursday.

9. Tajik Peace Uneasy. Tajik President E. R. on Sunday said the resignation of the chairman of
the national reconciliation commission would not endanger the peace process that began with a treaty
signed two years ago. S. N., leader of the United Tajik Opposition, said Saturday his decision to leave
the commission was related to R.’s failure to appoint an opposition member as defense minister. The
peace agreement, which ended five years of civil war, called for 30 percent of federal and local
executive bodies to be filled by opposition members, who now hold 12 senior government posts and
are entitled to two more.

10. Seoul Seeks Peace by Year 2003. President K. D. J. of South Korea vowed Monday to end the
Cold War on the Korean Peninsula before his term ends in 2003. ‘I solemnly promise to dedicate
myself to realizing peace and ending the Cold War on the Korean Peninsula through exchanges and
cooperation between the South and North by the end of my term’, Mr. K. said.
‘The cold and bitter winds of the Cold War that blow between two countries must be stopped and
replaced by warm rays of sunshine’, he said in a keynote speech to a meeting of the Forum of
Democratic Leaders in the Asia-Pacific region. ‘Let us stop regarding each other as enemies and start
embracing one another as brothers’, Mr. K. said. Since he became president in February 1998, Mr. K.
has been steadfast in his so-called sunshine policy of increased cultural and business contacts with the
9
secretive, Stalinist North. The president also said he would leave the issue of political reunification to
the distant future in favor of peaceful coexistence now.

2. Find English equivalents for the following word-combinations used in the above articles
(the number of the article is given in brackets):
ПОДДЕРЖИВАТЬ (1), УВОЛИТЬ, ОТСТРАНИТЬ ОТ ДОЛЖНОСТИ (1),
СОГЛАСИЕ НА ЧТО-ЛИБО (2), ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛЬСТВО (3),
МИНИСТР ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ (4),
ПРИНЯТЬ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ О ПРЕКРАЩЕНИИ ОГНЯ (4), СТАВИТЬ УСЛОВИЯ (4),
НАХОДИТЬСЯ В ДОЛЖНОСТИ (5), РЕШАТЬ ВОПРОСЫ (5),
ВОССТАНОВИТЬ ПОРЯДОК (6), ОБЕСПЕЧИВАТЬ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ (7),
ЗАНЯТЬ ТВЕРДУЮ ПОЗИЦИЮ ПО ВОПРОСУ (7),
ОБЯЗЫВАЮЩЕЕ СОГЛАШЕНИЕ (8), ОТСТАВКА (9),
ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОРГАНЫ (9), ИМЕТЬ ПРАВО (9),
СРОК ПРЕБЫВАНИЯ У ВЛАСТИ (10).

3. Translate the sentences paying particular attention to the underlined words.

1. International aid agencies estimate that up to 300 people, mostly civilians, have been killed in less
than a week of fighting in Mogadishu, although no warlord has made significant territorial gains.
2. Israel’s argument, that Jerusalem is its exclusive property, is in itself a violation of the peace
accord.
3. In Bosnia, a shaky four-day-old cease-fire meant to clear the way for the peace talks came under
pressure at the weekend, when fierce fighting resumed in the northwest.
4. Mr. A.’s advance, which dragged all of his most bitter opponents into the fighting, took place as all
the other faction leaders were in Ethiopia to discuss a plan to bring about national reconciliation and
set up a transitional government.
5. H. called on all parties in the conflict to observe the cease-fire.
6. Alarmed at the unraveling of the peace process, the White House is hoping to broker new direct
talks between London and Dublin, possibly as early as this weekend.
7. There has been no substantial movement toward a settlement of the conflict, and the sides remain so
far apart that some fear another war.
8. Fighting eased in Guinea-Bissau after rebels announced a 48-hour cease-fire in the tiny West African
country, demanding that President J. B. V. present a negotiating agenda.
9. In several hours of shuttle diplomacy Mr. M. met with the key parties — Sin Fein, political ally if
the Irish Republican Army, and the Ulster Unionists.
10. The agreement is widely seen in the west as a milestone in the search for a Balkan peace
settlement.
11. But Washington still accuses Tehran of seeking weapons of mass destruction, threatening its
neighbors, sponsoring terrorism and undermining the Middle East peace process.
12. As the Russian military offensive in Chechnya intensifies, President C. and European leaders were
increasing pressure on the Russian President to accept help from the international mediators offering
to find a peaceful resolution of the crisis.

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4. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the list given below.

a) counterpart, mediators, to strike a peace deal, to draw up, civil war, a stumbling block, to
displace, to sign a formal accord, withdrawal, rebels, negotiators.
b) observance, defeat, agreement, rebels, to urge, UN-brokered ceasefire, violation of a cease-fire,
observers, to wage a guerrilla war, issues, to condemn, cessation, to extend, to pave the way.

a) SIERRA LEONE AND REBELS MAKE PEACE

Abidjan, Ivory Coast— Sierra Leone and anti-government (...) have (...) to end more than five
years of (...), and are due to (...) Saturday in the Ivorian commercial capital, Abidjan.
A senior Ivorian official said Friday that the rebel leader, F. S., was among (...) from the two sides
who finalized the deal Thursday in Abidjan in the presence of Ivorian (...).
‘The signing of this accord will take place on Saturday in the presence of the Ivorian president and his
Sierra Leone (...)’ the official said, adding that heads of state of neighboring countries had been invited.
Mr. S. and other senior members of the Revolutionary United Front, at war with successive Sierra
Leone governments since 1991, held talks Friday with Foreign Ministry officials from Ivory Coast in an
attempt to make last-minute changes to a peace deal (...) in May, sources said.
But the revolutionary group’s demands regarding the immediate (...) from Sierra Leone of foreign
troops assisting the army, in particular a South African mercenary unit, will not be fully accommodated in
the accord, the sources said.
For years, the presence of foreign troops has been (...) to peace in Sierra Leone, where the (...) has
killed at least 10.000 people, (...) half the population and ruined the economy.

b) TAJIK OPPOSITION CONDEMNED BY UN

Dushanbe— United Nations (...) in Tajikistan on Sunday (...) opposition forces for seizing a town
in the north of this Central Asian state in (...) between the Tajik government and (...). The UN mission in
Tajikistan said in a rare statement of protest that opposition forces did not allow its team to visit the town
of Dzhirgatal, about 280 km northeast of the capital Dushanbe, which they had seized on Friday.
‘The Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General sent a letter to the leader of the united
Tajik opposition today (...) strict (...) of the ceasefire (...) and immediate (...) of the armed actions’, the
statement said.
The Tajik government and Islamic opposition groups which (...) against Dushanbe authorities since
their (...) in the civil war of 1992, agreed in July (...) a ceasefire signed in September 1994 in Tehran.
Each side has accused the other of frequent violations of the (...) initially designed to (...) for peace
talks to try to find a compromise on political (...).

5. Replace the Russian words with their English equivalents in the necessary form.

TWO SIDES IN KOSOVO DISPUTE INCHING TOWARD PROGRESS

Rambouillet, France— (Мирные переговоры) between Serbian officials and separatist Kosovo
Albanians began here this weekend amid vivid reminders of war and (примирение), which international
(посредники) hope will inspire the bitter (враги) to bridge their (разногласия).
The talks here (запланированы) to last no more than two weeks. If they (не будут иметь успеха),
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NATO bombing of Serbian forces and a crackdown on the rebels’ arms-and-cash pipeline are possible.
Less than 10 days ago, В. М., a Geneva-based representative of the rebel Kosovo Liberation Army,
referred to ‘false hopes of (решения проблемы за столом переговоров)’ and said the KLA would not
(вести переговоры) until Serbia (выведет войска) from the province and (освободит) all Albanian
political prisoners.
That has not happened, but KLA officials are here anyway.
Likewise, Serbian deputy Prime Minister R. M. insisted last week that, his government would not talk,
even (через посредников), with those whom Belgrade regards as ‘terrorists.’
Yet, the Serbs and ethnic Albanians sat in the same room Saturday as French President J. С.
(официально) opened the talks (с призыва) to mimic the hard-won (примирение) of France and her
historic German (враги).
(Восстановленный) 14th-century chalet where the talks are being held was (местом проведения) of
a 1963 meeting that buried Franco-German enmity after almost a century of constant (кровопролитие).
Even as the peace talks (начались), the killing continued in Kosovo. Saturday, a bomb (взорвалась)
in an ethnic Albanian shop; three people died.
The continued (насилие) will either spur (участников переговоров) on or further embitter them.
After (предварительные), indirect discussions (посредником на которых является) U. S. Ambassador
С. Н., about 75% of (урегулирование, соглашение) is in place, says Britain’s R. C.

6. Translate the following headlines:

LIMA HOSTAGE-TAKERS AGREE TO MEDIATION

MEDIATORS HAIL NEW SERB-ALBANIAN DEAL
DIPLOMACY FILLS THE ARAB SKIES
WAR GAMES CANCELED IN KOREA PEACE EFFORT
BALKAN PACT ENDS HOSTILITY
OFFICIAL VISIT REFLECTS CAMPAIGN TO END
EMBARGO BUENOS AIRES MAKES NEW DIPLOMATIC PUSH

7. This chart contains some of the geographical names mentioned in the articles and
assignments of this section. Supply the missing words.

The Name Of The Country Adjective/Language The Capital City

Colombo
Lima
Spain
Dushanbe
Ethiopia
Brazzaville
Oslo

8. Find an article on the topic ‘Peace Process’ in a current newspaper and report it in class.

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