Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Вестник ВГУ серия: химия, биология, фармация. 2014. No 1
Вестник ВГУ серия: химия, биология, фармация. 2014. No 1
2000 .
4
: . . , 2014, 1, -
. ., . ., . .
........................................................................................................................................6
. ., . ., . .
-.......................................................................................................................................10
. ., . ., . .
-
......................................................................................................14
. ., . ., . ., . .
-
.........................................................................19
. ., . ., . .
- ........................................23
. ., . ., . .
Ag,Pd-............................................................................................................................34
. ., . ., , . ., . ., . .
..................................................................................................39
. ., . ., . ., .., . ., . .,
. ., . ., . .
, ............................................47
. ., . ., . ., . .
........................................................................................52
. ., . ., . .
.....................................................................................................................56
, : . . , 2014, 1
. .
-
..........................................................................................................................................................61
. ., . .
MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758 MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS, 1776
(PASSERIFORMES, MOTACILLIDAE, MOTACILLINAE) .........................................67
. ., . ., . .
DOLICHOPODIDAE (DIPTERA)..................................................................................................................................78
. .
, 2 ,
..............................................................................83
. ., . ., .
................................................................88
. ., . ., . ., . .
HLA-DR
- a2b-..................................................................................................................97
. ., . ., ..
....................................................................................................102
. ., . .
( )............................................108
. ., . ., . .
.................................................111
. ., . ., . .
.............................................................116
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .
......................................................................................................................................122
. .
,
.......................................................................................................................................126
. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . .
...............................................................................................134
, : . . , 2014, 1
. ., . ., . .
.................................................................................138
. ., . .
................................................................................................................145
75 ...........................................................................................................150
.......................................................................................................................................152
, : . . , 2014, 1
Proceedings
SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
of Voronezh
State University
BIOLOGY
Bugrimov D. Y., Vasilenko D. V., Efimov A. S., Zon B. A., Kunin V. A., Liholet A. N., Naskidashvili V. I.,
Nevezhin E. V., Tsvetikova L.N.
ANALYSIS OF PLASMA PARAMETERS THAWED BY MICROWAVE RADIATION......................................47
Devyatova T. A, Rumyantseva I. V., Voronin A. A., Bogachyov . I.
CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF WATER OBJECTS
IN A ZONE OF AN ARRANGEMENT OF THE NEW VORONEZH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT.....................52
Kozlov A. T., Belsky N. V., Kozlov N. A.
Pecularities of Ecological Crisis in Industrial City and
Technigne of its Overcome.............................................................................................................................56
Korolev V. .
Water and physical properties of alluvial meadow loamy soils
of Upper Don flood-lands................................................................................................................................61
Muraviev I.V., Artemyeva E. A.
STATE OF POPULATIONS OF YELLOW WAGTAIL AND CITRINE WAGTAIL
MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758 AND MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS, 1776
(PASSERIFORMES, MOTACILLIDAE, MOTACILLINAE) IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA..........................................67
, : . . , 2014, 1
Contents
Negrobov O. P., Chursina M. A., Selivanova O. V.
SIGNS OF GENUS LEVEL IN HABITUS MORPHOMETRY OF DOLICHOPODIDAE (DIPTERA).............78
Popov S. S.
DYNAMICS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AT NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
DEVELOPING AT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, AT THE COMBINED THERAPY WITH EPIFAMIN.....83
Stepantsova L.V., Krasin V. N., Korolev V.A.
The morphological characteristic of carbonaceous growths
Chernozem-Like soils of the north of the Tambov plain...........................................................88
Shilov S. V, Koltakov I. A., Lelikova E. N., Artukhov V. G.
THE LEVEL EXPRESSION OF HLA-DR ANTIGENS BY HUMAN BLOOD
NEUTROPHILS UNDER COMBINED EFFECTS OF UV RADIATION AND a2b-INTERFERONS...................97
Nikitin E. D., Shcheglov D. I., abodina E. P.
EKOFUNKTSII SOIL AND NATURAL AREAS IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR
SPECIAL PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT AND SOIL AGROLOGY........................................................102
PHARMACY
Afanasyeva T. G. , Dmitriyev A. V.
THE ANALYSIS OF PLACEMENT OF THE STATE ORDER IN THE SPHERE
OF PURCHASES OF MEDICINES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION)............................108
Buzlama A.V., Chernov Y.N., Slivkin A.I.
ACUTE TOXICITY PARAMETERS OF HUMIC ACID SALTS.............................................................................111
Glembotskaya G.T., Krivosheev S.A., Azizov O.V.
The conceptual modeling of the quality management system of drugs
as a product category at the pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise...............116
Logvinova E. E., Brezhneva T. A., Slivkin A. I., Samilina I. A., Berest I. S.
SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ANTHOCYANIN
COMPOUNDS OF DRIED FRUITS AND FRESHLY BLACK CHOKEBERRY..................................................122
Orlova T.V.
MODERN RECTAL, VAGINAL AND URETHRAL MEDICINAL FORMS..........................................................126
Slivkin A. I., Belenova A. S., Shatalov G. V., Kuznetsov V. A., Slivkin D. A.
Studying of chitosan solutions properties.....................................................................................134
Trineeva O. V., Slivkin A. I., Voropayeva S. S.
Development and validation of a technique of quantitative
definition flavonoids in nettle leaves a two-blast furnace...............................................138
Chupandina E. E., Erigova O. A.
The influence of drug supply on the quality of life.................................................................145
jubilee
75 years Professor K.K. Polyansky.............................................................................................................150
, : . . , 2014, 1
677.11.02 : 681.5
. . 1, . . 1, . . 2
2|
19.11.13 .
. .
- - .
, -
.
: , , ,
Abstract. Researches of food fibers on existence of functional groups are conducted. The method
of IR-spectroscopy established presence IT - groups. The interaction mechanism happens to water at the
expense of existence in food fibers of beet cellulose of active hydrogen communications that assumes high
functional and technological properties in technology of food systems.
Keywords: food fibers, beet cellulose, ability to hydration, IR-spectroscopy
80- , , ,
. 2000 -
:
, , [1].
( )
[2]. ,
, .
, , . , -
.
. ., . ., . . , 2014
() . , , . ,
.
, . ,
70- ,
. ,
( 3 7% ).
,
6 % 3
.
, ,
.. . . , . .
, .. -
, : . . , 2014, 1
.
,
[3].
-
, , ,
.
.
(HCl), (NaOH),
(C2H5OH) (2).
(
-).
, , . , ,
.
.
. Bruker Vertex-70 .
Grams 4/32.
-
(. 1) , :
3410, 2918, 2848, 1735, 1600, 1095, 1010, 607 -1.
3410 -1 -
().
.
(2, ) 3 , ,
29182830 -1. 1735 -1 = .
-
1600 -1. 1150-1085 -1
-- (as). -
607 -1[4-6].
-
(. 2) ,
: 3410, 2927, 2918, 1625, 1568, 1510, 1450,
1236, 1095, 605 -1.
1625 -1 -
() .
1568 -1 , 1510 -1
.
. 1
, : . . , 2014, 1
. ., . ., . .
. 2
,
Na.
(as CH3) 1450-1.
-O
1236 -1.
. ,
, .
. , , ,
.
(1735 -1), (1510 -1), . (NaOH) (HCl)
( 3410 -1). ,
-, - .
--
1. .. / .. ,
.. , .. . : , 2012. 200 .
2. .. () / .. , ..
, .. , .. . .:
, 2008. 246 .
3. .. / .. . .: , 1967.
630 .
4. . -:
. . / . . .: , 1982. 328 .
5. . - : .
. / . . .: , 1991. 536 .
6. .
: . .
/ . . : , 1987. 188 .
, : . . , 2014, 1
...,
. , , ; e-mail: meatech@yandex.ru
, ,
; e-mail: uliya_rin@mail.ru
,
, ;
e-mail: liliya.sinyaevavsu@mail.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
54-165:546.47/.49
-
. . , . . , . .
03.12.2013 .
. - - - , .
: , , , .
Abstract. Measurement of the concentration dependences of electro-physical properties of singlecrystal samples of the zinc-cadmium defined range of solid solutions with extreme physical and chemical
changes and electrical properties, and also proposed a possible mechanism of retrograde solid-solubility in
the system by zinc.
Keywords: solid solutions, defect formation, retrograde solubility, small-particle clusters.
5-10 .
%.
() 5
. % . ,
,
-
, .
, [1, 2].
ZnCd.
. , [3].
. ., . ., . ., 2014
10
:
, .
-
.
.
,
[4]. . 1-4.
. 1 ,
. .
,
.
.
10
6952, 5 /.
, : . . , 2014, 1
. 1. . () ()
000
(22860-93) (-94) .
.
(),
. (0=1.5 . %)
,
1-1.5 . %
.
:
k x
Cx = C0 1 (1 kSb ) exp Cd
l
() .
(1)
510-5
50 . , 1.710-3
.
.
, , 0.25, ,
Cd
Zn . 2. , 100 60 .
. 1
-
. 2.
L, L
, [5]. ,
.
1, 3, 4.
, , 1.4 . % Cd.
()
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
11
. ., . ., . .
(). ,
(, ). ,
() ,
.
[6],
.
, .
,
().
,
-
(. 1-). , ,
.
-.
.
(.
1-). (),
.
(. 3).
. 4 N [6],
, , .
-
12
. 3.
. 4.
,
. ,
,
,
.
.
1. .. Cu-Zn / ..
, : . . , 2014, 1
, .. , .. , .. // . : . .
. 2005. 1. . 7-12.
2. .. -
- / .. , .. , ..
//
. 2005. .7, N 4. . 378-381.
3. . / .
, . . . : , 1962.
.1. . 473-475.
4. . / . . . : , 1968. 288 .
5 / . . , . , . . . : , 1985. 407 .
6. .. / .. , .. //
. 1983. .17, 11. . 2022-2024.
..., ,
..., ,
;
e-mail: bondarev@chem.vsu.ru
..., ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
13
541.18.048
-
. . 1, . . 1, . . 2
. . ..
1
16.04.2013 .
. -30 -- (-20).
, . , , .. .
: , , ,
Abstract. The process of agglomeration of butadiene-styrene latex SKS-30 ARK with butadienemethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid (BMK-20) was investigated with optical methods. Three critical
concentrations of coagulation was established, one of those corresponds to the interaction of heterogeneous
particles and two others to the group coagulation of identical ones. The obtained results permit to maintain
that the mechanism of latex agglomeration by highcarboxylated polymer should be considered taking into
account the Deryagins geterocoagulation theory.
Key words: latex, agglomeration, geterocoagulaton, carboxyl containing polymers.
( ,
.) ( 60-65 . %
), .
( 200-250 ),
.
, , , ,
[1] ( ).
[2] ,
.
, (
. ., . ., . ., 2014
14
, , )
,
( - ).
(1-3 . % )
2-3 .
, . .
,
( [3]).
, : . . , 2014, 1
- -30 ( -
( )).
, -20 (
),
,
[1].
- 56, .
(- ),
Nanotrac (Microtrac Inc,
),
1-6500 ,
.
. 1.
-30
-20 (.% ): 1 0.5; 2
1.0; 3 2; 4 3; 5 4; 6 5.
-20
() -30
.
-20 (. 1) ,
,
1-2 ().
(. 2)
, (3 .% ), .
. 2. -30 -20.
(. 3).
.
(
3 . % ) I II,
dI dII, dI
. . . .
, : . . , 2014, 1
1
15
. ., . ., . .
. 3. -30
(. % ):
1 0; 2 0.25; 3 1.5; 4 3.0; 5 10.0.
-30 .
dII , dI, .
I II
.
. 3,
( ), .
. (-20)
, .
,
.
.
,
-.
.
16
, , (),
-, ..
[4, 5].
,
1 2 ,
1 2, -
,
.
(
),
. , , ,
( -20) ,
().
, : . . , 2014, 1
, ,
, [5] .
,
(m) ( ),
, . ~3-
.
,
.
,
-30
-20
, ( ), ,
[7].
, . 5 ,
(
D3-NaCl, D3
3 ):
(.. ), -
() (1
2).
-30 -20, [8]:
, -20 > -30 (950
740 / ). CaCl2 , LaCl3.
+
.
1. - -30
-- . ,
1. . . / .. , .. . : , 1983. .107-112.
2. .. / .. [ .] // .
7- . -. .
. , 2000. . 3-5.
3. .. / .. . : , 1984.
.240-247.
, : . . , 2014, 1
17
. ., . ., . .
4. .. / ..
, .. , .. . : ,
1985. . 259-287.
5. .. / .. : ,
1986. 206 .
6. Ono H. haracterization of surface charge on
polystyrene lattices/ H.Ono, E.Jidai, K.Shibayama //
Koll. Z. Z. Polym. 1977. - B. 255, 2. S. 105-110.
7. .. -
//
/ .. , ..
/ .. , .. . . : , 1972. . 170-173.
8. .. : / .. [
.]. : - .,1984. 196 .
...,
;
e-mail: vvn@chem.vsu.ru
; e-mail:
chhml158@chem.vsu.ru
..,
; email: vf-niisk2007@yandex.ru
18
, : . . , 2014, 1
541.138:541.18
-
. . 1, . . 2, . . 1, . . 1.
. ..
2
05.08.2013 .
.
,
- (0,5 40 )
:
.
: , , , -, .
Abstract. It is shown that in the presence of increcesing o-fluorophenylbiguanidine concentrations
(0.5 40 mM) in the hydrogen chloride aqueous media, change of nature of the slow stage of hydrogen
release reaction on iron is observed according to the row: slow discharge limiting chemical recombination
slow lateral diffusion limiting discharge.
Keywords: iron, hydrogen ions, discharge, o-fluorophenylbiguanidine, slow stage.
()
, ,
.
, ,
,
. , ,
. ,
, , , , , .
-
(-) -
(3) .
. ., . ., ..,
. ., 2014
-
(), ()
, , 13.6 [1].
(10 . % )
l+ (1 )
LiCl,
107 .
3 ( - Solartron
1285, 0,66 /),
, ,
.
:
, : . . , 2014, 1
19
. ., . ., .., . .
,
.
0,5 2 , ,
,
. , - .
. 1.
= -50 , = 300 .
1 0.1 l + 0.9 LiCl ; 2 +1
-.
. 1 ,
-
, , -50
.
- .
( 1). -
1 /
( 1). 5, 10 ( 1) 20 /
-
, 30 40 / -
( 1).
-
: [2 - 7].
- (10 . % )
:
( 2).
.
[8].
.
iH. -. . .
-
1
- C1 + (1 - x) M LiC1 ( , ).
-,
d H
lg ik
lg iK
d H
dE
dE
/
,B
,B
,B
,B
20
lg CH + E
d lg CH +
lg CH +
d lg ik
d lg CH +
0.115
0.065
0.90
0.115
0.060
0.50
0.5
0.110
0.060
0.80
0.110
0.060
0.50
1.0
0.110
0.065
0.50
0.110
5.0
0.115
0.075
0.75
0.115
0.035
0.25
10.0
0.120
0.060
0.75
0.120
0.025
0.25
20.0
0.120
0.065
0.60
0.120
0.030
0.20
30.0
0.120
0.080
1.0
0.120
0.045
0.50
40.0
0.120
0.125
1.10
0.120
0.060
0.55
d lg ik
, : . . , 2014, 1
-
2
- -
. 10 % .
-.
/
0
0.5
1.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
dE
d lg ik
0.125
0.125
0.120
0.120
0.125
0.130
0.110
0.120
dE
d lg CH +
0.090
0.060
0.100
0.120
0.100
0.110
0.100
0.120
lg iK
lg CH +
0.45
0.75
0.90
0.90
0.75
1.10
1.20
1.30
i H
(. 2).
. 2.
2 HCl
- (1 0.99 1; 2 0.05 1).
-
.
: - (10 . % ).
iH
.
1. .
/ ., .. . .: , 1964. 179 .
d H
d lg ik
0.125
0.125
0.120
0.120
0.125
0.130
0.110
0.100
d H
d lg CH +
0
0.050
0.040
0.075
0.065
0.100
0.090
0.100
lg ik
lg CH +
0
0.25
0.45
0.45
0.40
0.60
0.50
0.65
2. .. /
.. . .: , 1988. 240 .
3. ..
1: . . . / .. .
. 2011. 20 .
4. -
1 / .. [ .] // . 2012. . 12, 11.
.52 58.
5. -
/ .. [ .] // . : . 2013. . 18, 1. . 375 380.
6. Inuence of o-uorophenylbiguanidine
on the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction
on iron, the nature of rate-determining step and
hydrogen diffusion through a steel membrane / V.I.
Vigdorovich [et al.] // Journal of Electroanalytical
Chemistry. 2013. V. 689, 1. . 117 123.
7. Vigdorovich V.I. Influence of guanidine on
kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction on iron and its
diffusion through steel membrane in acidic chloride
media / V.I. Vigdorovich, L.E. Tsygankova, D.V.
Balybin // Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry.
2011. V. 653, 1. P. 1 6.
8. ..
/ .. , .. // . 1995. . 31, 4. . 441 444.
, : . . , 2014, 1
21
. ., . ., .., . .
, ,
. .. ;
e-mail: omen044@rambler.ru,
,
,
;
e-mail: vits21@mail.ru
, . .. ;
e-mail: allenka_tmb92@mail.ru
4 ,
.
..
;
e-mail: katyavrach1992@mail.ru
22
, : . . , 2014, 1
544.653.2
-
. . , . . , . .
09.09.2013 .
. in situ
.
. , - .
: , , , , .
Abstract. It was shown the possibility to reveal an oxide film on copper surface by in situ method of
photopotential measurements. An effective constant of the rate of copper corrosion in the deoxygenated
alkaline solution under different conditions of the preliminary polarization by the data of coulometry and
chronopotentiometry with a synchronous registration of photopotential was calculated. It was established
that the transition from polycrystalline surface to single crystals sufficiently decelerates copper corrosion
by the traces of dissolved oxygen.
Key words: polycrystalline copper, copper single crystals, oxide formation, corrosion, photopotential.
[1-3].
:
2 Cu + O2 = Cu2O (G0 = -72.52 / [4]), ( 1 )
Cu2O (1)
(< 0.4 /),
(> 4 /) [5]. [6],
40 66
Cu2O 15 , 50 .
,
.
Eph
iph [7-10]. . ., . ., . ., 2014
.
Cu(II) [9],
Ag-Au [10]. p- , n-.
L,
,
[11]. ,
Eph
[7, 8], .
.
- .
, : . . , 2014, 1
23
. ., . ., . .
[12-16].
, ,
.
9 - (111), 8 - (100),
7 11 - (110). 1.71015 -2 - (111) [12]
1.51015 -2 - (001) [13],
.
- [14] , - : (100) > (110) >
(111). - .
- [15]: (011) > (111) > (001).
,
. ,
- .
24
[18]
[7, 8]. - LIGITEK
= 400 . , -2, 7.121015 -2 -1.
:
) ;
)
E = -1.0 10 ;
) E = -1.0 10
-0.7 0.2 .
, .
IPC-ompact, .
,
.
60 ,
, .
,
. = -0.9 10
. L Q
q:
,
(2)
- .
0.1M KOH
(.1). ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
- . A1, [12,
13, 16, 19, 20]
e
ECu O,Cu/OH- = -0.295 ,
2
Cu(I). (A2 A'2 )
Cu(II), ;
Cu2O.
. 1. Cu-
0.1 KOH; 20 /
A1 A2 ,
A'2
-
.
K1 K2 , A2
,
Cu(II). ,
,
:
e
I (E < ECu
- )
2 O,Cu/OH
;
e
e
II ( ECu
)
- < E < E
CuO,Cu 2O/OH 2 O,Cu/OH
Cu(I);
e
III (E > ECuO,Cu 2O/OH- )
Cu(I) Cu(II)1.
.
)
. , ( )
,
,
, .
[7], , - (.
2). , Cu-
- ,
.
Eph ~ t. Eph
~ L2 [7, 8]
, :
Eph = K (L - L(0))2,
(3)
K ; L(0)
.
, Eph
, O2:
L(t) = L(0) + kcor t1/2,
(4)
kcor .
, (.
2) II, Cu(I). , Cu2O
.
Cu(hkl) (. 2)
. . 20-30
;
Ecor (. 2), II,
Cu2O. ,
Cu2O
CuO Cu(OH)2 ,
-0.091 -0.022 [4].
, : . . , 2014, 1
1
25
. ., . ., . .
26
.
Ecor
,
Cu2O. , ,
(< 10-6 ),
u(I)
, ,
-.
Cu-, , (. 1).
E q,
.
, Cu-
60 ( ,
(1)) Cu(I),
qcor.
,
, : . . , 2014, 1
. 3. (, , ) (, , ) Cu(poly)
(, ) Cu(hkl)- (-) E = -0.7
,
, . q
. ,
, :
qcor = q - q.
(5)
e
ECu
- ,
2 O,Cu/OH
Cu2O . , q, -0.7 -0.3 , . q , ,
Cu(I) . ,
Cu(poly) ,
~20 .
,
.
,
Cu(110) Cu(111),
, (. 3, ). - ,
, ,
.
cor , ,
-0.20 ,
15-20 (. 3). , Cu2O 0.1 KOH.
, , ,
.
, Eph, Cu(110) Cu(111) , 1013 , Cu(poly)
, ,
Cu(I) .
, , B,
(. 3),
, : . . , 2014, 1
27
. ., . ., . .
. ,
,
(. 3). ,
. 2
,
Cu(hkl)- - .
. 1 ,
: Ecor = -0.20 -0.22 (
) Cu(hkl) Ecor=0.00 0.05 ( ). , Cu2O,
Cu(110) Cu(poly) Ecor, 1, , Lcor Cu(111) .
) II. ,
e
E > ECu
- ,
2 O,Cu/OH
e
ECuO,Cu O/OH- .
2
II . Eph, , (. 4),
, p- . ,
, (. 4).
, Cu(I)
.
(. 1). E -0.2
, q > 0 (. 1). q ,
Cu(I). , qcor,
u2O -
, q ee q
, Cu(I) Lcor, qcor
E, B
q,
q,
qcor,
Lcor,
28
II
III
-0.7
-0.3
-0.2
-0.17
-0.15
-0.12
0.1
0.2
Cu(poly)
0.8
1.9
3.4
3.2
4.9
10.2
127.9
31.9
Cu(100)
2.5
2.5
2.5
80.0
26.0
Cu(110)
2.0
1.5
4.5
76.0
25.5
Cu(111)
1.5
1.5
3.0
86.5
26.0
Cu(poly)
17.5
18.1
12.5
6.2
10.2
15.3
16.5
69.1
43.4
Cu(100)
- / 6.0
4.0
3.5
6.5
27.0
7.5
Cu(110)
16.0 / 6.0
3.5
4.5
8.0
65.0
20.0
Cu(111)
36.0 / 2.0
2.0
3.0
4.5
66.5
20.5
Cu(poly)
17.5
17.4
10.6
1.5
7.0
10.4
8.3
11.5
Cu(100)
- / 6.0
1.5
1.0
4.0
Cu(110)
16.0 / 6.0
1.5
3.0
3.5
Cu(111)
36.0 / 2.0
0.5
1.5
1.5
Cu(poly)
21.4
21.2
12.9
3.5
8.5
12.7
10.1
14.0
Cu(100)
- / 7.3
1.8
1.2
4.9
Cu(110)
19.5 / 7.3
1.8
3.7
4.3
Cu(111)
43.9 / 2.4
0.6
1.8
1.8
, : . . , 2014, 1
, ,
. Ecor
(. 4), ,
.
, ,
Cu2O .
Cu(I), E
= -0.15 , Cu(100),
Eph. Lcor , .
) III.
-
(. 5, ), . ,
p- , .
, II, , ,
, -
, : . . , 2014, 1
29
. ., . ., . .
. Eph(t), L(t),
dEph/dt,
. (3) (4), :
kcor = (dEph/dt 1/K)1/2
(6)
. 2
.
dEph/dt.
,
(20-30 )
II. I
dEph/dt
; II,
,
- . (30 ) II (-0.2 )
30
, : . . , 2014, 1
dEph/dt , I.
L,
,
,
, 20
. 10- II,
.
(6)
kcor . 6. ,
Cu(poly) .
.
II ,
, ,
Cu2O.
.
. 6.
E ; Cu(poly)
II. II III, Cu(II).
kcor
-0,70
-0,50
-0,30
-0,20
10
Eph(0),
18
20
L,
K, /2
kcor, /1/2
710-3
0.7
0.1
-0,15
-0,12
10
0.2
0.17
0.3
510
20
0.17
0.38
7.410-3
1010-3
2010-3
30
0.2
0.38
0.26
1010-3
2510-3
10
21.4
21.2
12,9
8,5
12.7
20
20,4
21.3
27.2
17.7
19,0
30
19.7
18.1
20.1
17.2
20.4
10
0.39
0.67
0.30
0.17
0.16
20
0.43
1.20
0.06
0.22
0.08
30
0.62
1.34
1.75
0.14
0.07
10
0.71
0.67
0.20
0.20
0.3
20
0.63
0.70
0.35
0.21
0.5
30
0.57
0.53
0.39
0.27
0.6
30
dEph / dt, /
20.7
0.47
0.60
, : . . , 2014, 1
-3
710
20
-3
1510-3
31
. ., . ., . .
,
Cu2O CuO,
.
.
,
, .
,
I,
(. 3, ), , , . , ,
(.
3, ),
- .
in situ .
.
p-
, Cu(I) Cu(II),
- Cu-.
. ,
- . ,
.
,
.
Cu2O
.
, -
32
.
, .
. .
( 675)
1. . .
.
/ . . .-.: , 1966. 847 .
2. ..
/ .. . .:
, 1973. 264 .
3. . . - /
.. .: , 1984. 400 .
4. .. / .. , .. . : , 2005. 608 .
5. .. . . . .
. : . -, 1979. 168 .
6. North R.F. The influence of corrosion product
structure on the corrosion rate of Cu-Ni alloys /
R.F.North, M.J. Pryor // Corrosion science. 1970.
V.10, 5. P. 297-311.
7. Vvedenskii A. The influence of the conditions
of the anodic formation and the thickness of Ag(I)
oxide nanofilm on its semiconductor properties / A.
Vvedenskii, S. Grushevskaya,D. Kudryashov, S.
Ganzha // J. Solid State Electrochem. 2010.
V.14, 8. P. 1401-1413.
8. Vvedenskii A. The Features of Copper Oxidation
by the Data of Photocurrent and Photopotential
Studies / A. Vvedenskii, S. Grushevskaya, S. Ganzha,
S. Maksimova // Surface and Interface Analysis.
2010. V.42 P. 941-945.
9. Survila A. Oxide layers developed on copper
electrodes in Cu(II) solutions containing ligands / A.
Survila [et al.] // J. Electroanal. Chem. 2005.
V.582. P. 221-229.
10. ..
Ag,Au /
.. , .., .. -
, : . . , 2014, 1
[ .] // . 1984.
.20, 2. .232234.
11. .. / .. , .. .
.: , 1983. 312 .
12. Kunze J. In situ STM study of the duplex
passive films formed on Cu(111) and Cu(001) in 0,1
M NaOH / J. Kunze, V. Maurice, L.H. Klein, H.-H.
Strehblow, P. Marcus // Corr. Sci. 2004. V.46,
2. P. 245-264.
13. Kunze J. In situ STM study of the anodic
oxidation of Cu(001) in 0,1 M NaOH / J. Kunze,
V. Maurice, L.H. Klein, H.-H. Strehblow, P. Marcus
// J. Electroanal. hem. 2003. V.554-555.
P.113-125.
14. .. - - IB / .. ,
.. //
. 2009. .45, 4.
.358-365.
15. .. - -
IB / .. , .. //
. 2009. .45, 2. . 150-159.
16. Kunze J. In situ STM study of the effect of
chlorides on the initial stages of anodic oxidation of
Cu(111) in alkaline solutions / J. Kunze V. Maurice,
L.H. Klein, H.-H. Strehblow, P. Marcus // Electrochim.
Acta. 2003. V. 48, 9. P. 1157 - 1167.
17.
: / . . . ,
. . . .: , 1986. 256.
18. .. 66052 / ..
, .. , .. ,
.. // .. 2007. 24. .3.
19. Burke L.D. An investigation of the anodic
behavior of copper and its anodically produced oxides
in aqueous solutions of high pH / L.D. Burke, M.J.G.
Ahern, T.G. Ryan // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990.
V.137, 2 P. 553561.
20. Chialvo M.R.G. The mechanism of oxidation
of copper in alkaline solutions, M.R.G. Chialvo,
S.L. Marchiano, A.J. Arvia // J. Appl. Electrochem.
1984. V.14, 2. P. 165-175.
; e-mail: sg@chem.vsu.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
33
541.135.5:138.2
Ag,Pd-
. . , . . , . .
19.09.2013 .
.
Ag,Pd-, . -
, .
: , , , ,
- ,
Abstract. The effect of morphological development of an electrode surface during the anodic selective
dissolution of Ag,Pd-alloys based on silver is experimentally investigated. With the application of the
atomic force microscopy and voltammetry methods the rms roughness and surface development degree
are found in dependence of the anodic potential, electric charge and time of the potentiostatic polarization.
Key words: electrode surface development, homogeneous alloy, silver, palladium, atomic force
microscopy, voltammetry
,-,
,
[1]. ,
[2].
[3] [4],
S fr
. ,
, ,
,
S(t) fr(t) [5].
.
- ()
. ., . ., . ., 2014
34
[6]. ,
- ,
[7].
Ag,Pd- .
Ag-Pd
(XPd = 4 8 .%) . 0.1 M
NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3 .
,
.
,
, : . . , 2014, 1
Ag,Pd-
,
[8].
, , [8],
. 1.
1.
q Ag,Pd-
0.1 M NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3
, (...)
q, /2
Ag4Pd
703
Ag8Pd
733
11
- Solver
P47PRO ( NSG 20)
.
-
22
Gwyddion 2.30.
Ag,Pd
0.5 H2SO4 [7]
() .
Pd-
(. 1 2).
- Ag4Pd,
= const, , ,
,
,
. , ,
.
Ag8Pd -
Q. ,
Q ,
,
,
35
. ., . ., . .
.
,
,
,
,
.
Rq (. 1 2).
( 25142-82) ,
(rj) N
rj = 0
[6]:
1/ 2
1 N
R q = rj2
N j=1
(1)
, Rq .
(. 1 2), ,
Qa const , Rq . , , -
Ag,Pd-
- . fr(t) C
- ,
I
V (. 3).
, I,V-, ,
(. 3).
/,
fr(t) = 1 + constt,
(2)
df ( t )
dS ( t )
const = r
f r ( 0 ) dt S ( 0 ) dt
0.012 0.001 -1
36
, : . . , 2014, 1
Ag,Pd-
.
Ag,Pd-
Ag,Pd-.
Ag,Pd- -
1. Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry: Corrosion and oxide films / Edit. Bard A.J., Stratmann M.,
Frankel G.S. Wiley-VCH, 2007. 745 p.
2. .. / .. [ .].
: - . -, 1988. 208 .
3. .. / ..
// . 1991. . 27,
6. .883-891.
4. Erlebacher J. Evolution of nanoporosity in
dealloying / J. Erlebacher [et al.] // Nature. 2001.
V. 410, 3. P. 450-453.
5. Vvedenskii A.V. Separation of Transient
Partial Fluxes of Nucleation/Growth of a New Phase
and Electrode Reaction by the Chronoamperometry
Method / A.V. Vvedenskii, O.A. Kozaderov, I.A.
Gutorov // Surface and Interface Analysis. 2010.
V. 42, 6-7. P. 629-635.
6. ..
/ .. , .. , ..
// .
. 1999. . 65, 9. .27-37.
7. Trasatti S. Real surface area measurements in
electrochemistry / S. Trasatti, O.A. Petrii // Pure &
Appl. Chem. 1991. V. 63, 5. P. 711-734.
8. ..
. IV. AgPd
| Ag+ / .. , .. , .. //
. 2012. . 48, 4. . 346-353.
, : . . , 2014, 1
37
. ., . ., . .
;
e-mail: ok@chem.vsu.ru
; e-mail: grechkina_m@mail.ru
,
; e-mail: ok@chem.vsu.ru
Kozaderov Oleg A. candidate of chemical sciences, docent, physical chemistry department, Voronezh State University; e-mail: ok@chem.vsu.ru
38
, : . . , 2014, 1
614.84:662
. . ,1,2 . . ,2,3 . . ,1 . . ,4 . . 4
- ,
2
,
3
,
4
,
26.07.2013 .
. 5, , .
.
. .
47
52 60 . , , .
.
: , , , , , , .
Abstract. Need for a choice of the most explosive liquid is arisen at designing and an estimation fire
and explosion safety of compartments of F5 class with different flammable liquids. One of solution ways
for this problem is application of explosion hazard criteria of flammable liquids. The complex index of
explosion hazard and specific safety volume have most approach for this aim. Therefore the comparative
analysis of these indexes on an admissibility of their practical application is actual problem. 47 flammable
fluids with flash point from -52 to 60 oC are taken in the capacity of subjects of investigation. It is shown
that application of the specific safety volume is more preferable than the complex index of explosion
hazard. The received results used by the design organizations in their practical activities.
Keywords: index, explosion hazard, flammable liquid, overpressure of explosion, complex index of
explosion hazard, specific safety volume, low combustion heat.
.1.1 [1] 5 .
,
( ),
. ,
[2, 3]. [4] ,
[5,
6], , [7]
.
. ., . ., . .,
. ., . ., 2014
, : . . , 2014, 1
39
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .
40
D > 5 .
.2.1 .2.2 [1] -
(2), (3).
, (2)
,
(3)
max , ;
r , /3; , % (.); p
, /();
, .
DV1 DV2 ,
.
, ,
.
, DV
, ,
.
47
, [11] [11-13] -
.
,
[11-15].
-, , , , , , 4-
DIPPR 801 [16]. . .1.1
3600 [1], () 0
/. 20
70C 10C.
. .2.1 [1] ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
(
22 45 [17]). , -
.
,
1.
1.
(t, C;
D , /;
max, )
20C
30C
40C
50C
60C
70C
3,2/4,9
0,19
6,0/8,9
0,35
10,7/15,5
0,61
18,5/25,8
1,01
30,7/41,6
1,63
49,3/64,8
2,54
162,8/203,0
26,68
168,4/203,0
38,23
173,9/203,0
53,35
179,5/203,0
72,70
185,1/203,0
96,97
190,6/203,0
126,88
112,0/150,1
18,09
115,8/150,1
26,10
119,6/150,1
36,64
123,4/150,1
50,21
127,3/150,1
67,33
131,1/150,2
88,53
78,2/175,5
5,87
80,9/175,6
9,02
83,5/175,6
13,43
86,2/175,6
19,47
88,9/175,6
27,52
91,6/175,6
38,03
71,3/91,5
3,59
117,1/145,4
5,70
185,4/222,8
8,74
215,5/251,0
12,98
222,2/251,0
18,72
228,9/251,0
26,34
5,8/8,6
2,53
10,9/15,7
4,61
19,5/27,2
8,74
33,5/45,3
13,32
55,3/72,4
21,32
88,1/112,0
32,96
-
(19; 28,202; 9001)
14,3/17,4
0,68
25,5/30,0
1,18
43,7/49,8
1,95
72,1/79,6
3,12
115,1/123,4
4,84
167,7/174,5
7,28
3,2/5,5
0,21
6,3/10,6
0,41
22,4/35,1
1,38
40,0/60,8
2,39
69,1/101,9
4,00
160,8/209,1
10,46
166,3/209,1
15,62
12,1/19,6
0,77
171,8/209,1
182,8/209,1
44,22
188,3/209,1
59,76
0,5/0,6
0,03
1,2/1,5
0,06
22,66
2,6/3,3
0,13
177,3/209,1
32,03
5,6/6,8
0,27
11,3/13,3
0,52
21,5/24,6
0,96
39,8/53,8
15,82
67,8/88,5
26,06
111,0/140,2
41,28
175,3/214,6
63,16
183,1/217,5
93,73
188,6/217,5
135,31
2,5/2,9
0,12
4,8/5,4
0,21
8,6/9,4
0,37
14,9/15,7
0,62
24,9/25,6
1,00
40,3/40,2
1,58
1,8/2,2
0,09
3,6/4,3
0,17
6,8/7,8
0,31
12,2/13,6
0,54
21,2/23,0
0,90
35,6/37,4
1,47
63,3/178,2
20,11
65,4/178,2
29,37
67,6/178,2
41,67
69,8/178,2
57,63
71,9/178,2
77,90
74,1/178,2
103,17
2
(53; 24,4717; 620)
1,0/1,9
0,57
2,0/3,7
1,08
3,7/6,6
1,94
6,6/11,3
3,34
11,3/18,8
5,52
18,6/29,9
8,80
1,4-
(11; 24,8147; 820)
17,1/24,2
0,95
28,9/39,8
1,56
47,4/63,0
2,47
75,2/96,9
3,80
115,9/144,8
5,68
149,6/181,5
8,29
(30; 32,610; 480)
, : . . , 2014, 1
41
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .
(t, C;
D , /;
max, )
1 ().
20C
30C
40C
50C
60C
70C
18,9/22,8
0,90
31,1/36,3
1,43
49,6/56,2
2,20
76,9/84,4
3,31
90,6/96,5
4,85
93,3/96,5
6,93
157,1/175,3
7,54
162,4/175,3
11,55
167,8/175,3
17,15
173,2/175,3
24,77
178,6/175,3
34,87
183,9/175,3
47,98
(41; 34,147; 720)
107,7/172,5
129,22
111,3/172,5
189,47
115,0/172,5
270,09
118,7/172,5
375,43
122,4/172,5
510,18
126,1/172,5
679,31
5,9/9,7
0,38
11,6/18,6
0,73
21,9/33,9
1,33
39,5/59,4
2,33
68,9/100,4
3,94
116,0/164,2
6,44
163,9/198,4
29,44
169,5/198,4
41,90
175,1/198,4
58,14
180,7/198,4
78,86
186,3/198,5
104,78
191,9/198,5
136,72
4,1/5,7
0,23
7,9/10,7
0,42
14,5/19,0
0,75
25,4/32,2
1,26
42,6/52,5
2,06
69,1/82,6
3,24
14,9/29,7
1,17
28,2/54,3
2,13
51,0/94,9
3,72
88,3/159,4
6,25
108,4/189,6
10,14
111,6/189,6
15,92
-
(28; 52,829; 765)
5,9/11,4
0,45
11,0/20,4
0,80
19,5/35,0
1,37
33,1/57,6
2,26
54,1/91,4
3,58
85,7/140,4
5,51
-
(31; 41,217; 764)
4,8/7,2
0,28
8,9/12,9
0,51
15,9/22,3
0,87
27,1/36,8
1,44
44,5/58,7
2,30
70.9/90,8
3,56
-
(26; 41,207; 765)
6,4/9,5
0,28
11,7/16,9
0,66
20,5/28,7
1,13
34,6/46,9
1,84
56,2/74,0
2,90
88,6/113,2
4,44
20,9/43,9
1,72
36,5/74,0
2,90
61,2/120,1
4,71
69,8/132,8
11,31
72,0/132,8
7,41
74,1/132,8
16,80
26,5/32,6
1,28
44,5/53,0
2,08
72,3/83,4
3,27
114,1/127,6
5,01
175,5/190,3
7,47
184,3/194,0
10,88
148,2/179,2
21,73
153,2/179,2
34,02
158,3/179,2
51,53
163,4/179,3
75,79
168,4/179,3
108,59
173,5/179,3
151,91
4,7/5,8
0,23
9,1/10,8
0,42
16,6/19,1
0,75
29,1/32,5
1,27
49,0/53,0
2,08
79,6/83,5
3,28
13,9/17,0
0,67
25,3/30,0
1,18
44,1/50,5
1,98
73,6/81,8
3,21
118,5/127,8
5,01
184,8/193,4
7,59
154,1/1105,0
163,44
159,4/1068,6
237,02
164,6/1034,4
334,49
169,9/1002,4
460,71
175,2/972,3
620,84
180,5/943,9
820,33
4-
(39; 36,702; 9001)
3,9/5,1
0,20
7,4/9,3
0,37
13,4/16,4
0,64
23,2/27,5
1,30
38,7/44,6
1,75
38,7/44,6
1,75
12,5/15,7
0,62
23,0/27,8
1,09
40,1/47,0
1,84
67,0/76,1
2,99
107,7/118,6
4,65
107,7/118,6
4,65
10,0/13,4
0,53
19,8/25,5
1,00
37,0/46,4
1,82
66,5/80,6
3,16
114,6/134,8
5,29
170,9/195,1
8,54
1,2-
(9; 10,873; 9001)
42
, : . . , 2014, 1
(t, C;
D , /;
max, )
1 ().
20C
30C
40C
50C
60C
70C
103,7/123,6
4,85
108,5/125,0
7,08
112,1/125,1
10,07
115,6/125,1
13,97
119,2/125,1
18,98
122,8/125,1
25,29
3,9/7,7
0,30
7,0/13,4
0,53
12,1/22,5
0,88
20,3/36,5
1,43
32,9/57,5
2,25
52,1/88,2
3,46
4
(20; 34,730; 9001)
97,2/129,9
5,10
156,0/201,5
7,91
174,8/218,6
11,86
180,4/218,6
17,28
186,0/218,6
24,53
191,6/218,6
34,00
15,1/28,3
1,11
26,4/47,6
1,87
44,0/77,1
3,02
70,9/120,3
4,72
110,5/181,8
7,13
157,4/251,3
10,47
44,2/62,6
2,46
73,9/101,2
3,97
118,9/157,6
6,18
169,2/217,4
9,32
174,4/217,4
13,65
179,7/217,4
19,46
3,7/4,1
0,16
6,7/7,1
0,28
11,7/11,9
(0,47)
19,6/19,3
0,76
31,8/30,4
1,19
50,2/46,5
1,82
4,9/11,6
0,45
8,9/20,2
0,79
15,4/33,9
1,33
25,8/55,0
2,16
41,9/86,7
3,40
66,1/132,8
5,21
82,5/105,9
4,16
134,0/166,3
6,53
199,6/239,9
9,90
206,0/239,9
14,57
212,4/239,9
20,87
218,8/239,9
29,16
43,0/55,5
2,18
72,3/90,3
3,54
117,0/141,4
5,55
128,3/150,3
8,40
132,3/150,3
12,35
136,3/150,4
17,68
8,4/10,5
0,41
15,3/18,5
0,72
26,7/31,2
1,22
44,8/50,7
1,99
72,6/79,7
3,13
114,1121,5
4,77
16,6/30,5
1,20
30,4/54,3
2,13
53,7/92,8
3,64
91,5/153,0
6,00
104,7/169,9
9,59
107,8/169,9
14,88
2,6/3,2
4,9/6,0
9,0/10,7
16,1/18,5
27,7/30,9
46,2/50,0
(40; 26,382; 9001)
0,13
0,24
0,42
0,73
1,21
1,96
1
2
3
4
. . .2.1 [1]. . .
1, ,
V1, V2
, V1 V2
12.13130.2009, . V1
V2
(.1) (.4),
[2-4, 10].
1 , V1,
, V2
70 50 70 .
V1
(. , , , , , ,
, 1,2-, ,
, , , , ,
, , 2,2,4-, , ),
(.1).
V2
, : . . , 2014, 1
43
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .
V1. V2 (. ).
V, (V1+V2)/2.
, .
[1] .
(DV1+DV2)/2 5
500 3, 20
, ,
.
20 .
1. 23-01-99*
[17] ,
39.
2. 1 (DV1+ DV2)/2 , ,
30 40 2. (DV1+DV2)/2
39 . 2 ,
.
2.
(DV1+DV2)/2.
,
30
40
39
128,2
129,6
129,5
131,2
204,1
196,8
42,3
73,2
70,1
81,3
129,2
124,4
1 (DV1+DV2)/2 196,83.
, 20
V = 196,820 = 3924 3, ..
(500 3) V, . 5.1 C [1]
( ).
44
1. 47
.
2. ,
DV1 DV2,
.
DV1 DV2
12.13130.2009.
DV
,
.
3.
(DV1 DV2)/2,
, .
12.13130.2009
.
4. DV1
(.1) 12.13130.2009.
5. ,
[18-22].
1. 12.13130.2009. ,
. .- .
2. ..
/ .. [ .] // . 2012. . 21, 1. . 57-60.
3. .. ,
/ ..
[ .] // . 2012. . 12, . 5.
.770-778.
4. ..
/ ..
, : . . , 2014, 1
[ .] // .
2013. . 22, 9. . 19-24.
5. ..
/ .. ,
.. , .. // . 2005. 6. URL: http://www.css-rzd.ru/
vestnik-vniizht/v2005-6/v6-2.htm (
07.09.2013).
6. .. /
.. [ .] // .
2005. 6. .8185.
7. 2-1.1-321-2009. ,
. URL: http://www.snti.ru/ (
16.09.2013).
8. ..
/ .., .. // . 2012. 1. .49-66.
9. .. / .. [ .] // . 2009. . 18, 2.
.20-23.
10. .. 12.13130.2009 - / ..
[ .] // .
2013. . 22, 10. . 34-39.
11. 105-95
- .
. 2012. 2 (48).
12. .. : : 2- . / .. ,
.. . .: . , 2004.
. 1. 713 .
13. .. : : 2- . / .. ,
.. . .: . , 2004.
. 2. 774 .
14. . .
/ .
[ .]. .: - . -, 1958. 520 .
15. Smallwood I.M. Handbook of Organic Solvent
Properties / I.M. Smallwood. N.Y.: Halsted Press,
1996. 303 pp.
16. Chemical Database DIPPR 801. URL: http://
www.aiche.org/dippr. ( 10.09.11.09.2013).
17. 23-01-99*. . .- .
18. .. /
.. [ .] // .
2005. 6. .81-85.
19. .. - -
/ .. [ .] //
. - .
. 2013. 1. . 121-127.
20. .. - -
/ .. [ .] // . 2013. 22, 4.
. 22-27.
21. .. -
/ .. [ .] //
. 2011. . 7, 8. . 206-208.
. .
, , .-. ,
-
, ; e-mail: 3608113@mail.
ru)
, : . . , 2014, 1
45
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .
-
, , -
; e-mail: rina04@rambler.ru
- . ,
. . ,
,
; e-mail: NMBarbin@
mail.ru
- . ,
, ;
e-mail: a_kalach@mail.ru
. .
, - ; e-mail:
evkalach@gmail.com
46
, : . . , 2014, 1
612.129
. . 1, . . 1, . . 2, . . 3, . . 1, . . 3,
. . 3, . . 3, . . 1
1
. . .
2
3
21.06.2011 .
.
.
, .
: , .
Abstract. The results of investigation defrosting and heating by microwave radiation of fresh frozen
plasma. Defrosting and heating carried out automatically by an algorithm that takes into account not
Markov process.
Keywords: transfusiology, fresh frozen plasma.
( -01262-17, 312-201-10 .)
,
Sahara (Sarstedt, AG & Co). ,
, ().
40
[1].
, , .
,
,
, .
20 . . ., . ., . .,
. ., . ., . ., . .,
. ., . ., 2014
,
.
[2]
, .
. ,
, .
[3]
,
[4]. ,
.
,
, [3].
, .
WesLabs Plasma Defroster, Westmorland Labs, Inc.,
New Brunswick, Canada, [5].
, : . . , 2014, 1
47
. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . .
-46 (,
);
CGL-2110 (, ) . .. .
:
( ) - , ;
- , ; -
() - , ;
VIII - , ; - , ;
, , G, Biosystems. , :
(Trucal U,
Trulab N, Trulab P) - Diasys (), ;
- , .
1.
1)
2)
3)
, /
4)
.
5)
48
VIII .
%
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
+
+
+
+
+
63
54
53
57
60
45.3
37.1
41.2
44
42.8
69
101
68
96
70
+
+
+
+
+
67
48
60
53
60
45.3
37.1
41.2
45
42.8
67
99
64
96
72
+
+
+
+
+
65
51
57
55
60
45.3
37.1
41.2
44.5
42.8
68
100
66
96
71
,
, /
- ,
,
(+
)
65-85
30-42
50-200
, : . . , 2014, 1
6)
. /
7)
. /
8)
. /
9)
G. /
10)
1 ().
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1.45
1.57
1.31
2.4
2.2
158
75
155
300
56
65
38
62
75
51
742
804
760
725
823
-
1.45
1.63
1.29
2.4
2.0
171
71
176
320
64
61
38
63
85
49
785
746
781
774
777
-
25 2002.
363
. ,
, /
.
1
,
- .
, ,
. , /
1.45
1.6
1.33
2.4
2.1
165
73
166
310
60
63
38
63
80
50
764
775
771
750
800
36.0
36.5
36.3
36.1
36.0
, , /
1.8-4
70-400
40-230
700-1600
361
.
, ,
,
/ ,
.
(
) . [5].
. . . .
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
49
. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . .
108970 ( 22.02.2011).
4. ..
/ .., .. : . 1963.
178 .
5. Thawing fresh frozen plasma in a microwave
oven: a comparison with thawing in 37oC water bath
/ Churchill W.H. [et al.] // Am. J. Clinical Pathology.
1992. Vol. 97. P. 227-232.
. .
. ...
.
. ...
. .
10 ().
- . . .
. . .. .
Kunin Vadim A. Doctor of Medicine. ViceRector of Voronezh State Medical Academy N.N.
Burdenko.
- .
.
50
, : . . , 2014, 1
.
. ..; e-mail: tsvn@front.ru.
, : . . , 2014, 1
51
504.4.054(470.324)
. . 1, . . 1, . . 1, . . 2
-
. .. ()
1
25.09.2012 .
. , , ,
, - . .
: , , , , .
Abstract. The system of monitoring of the water environment in a zone of an arrangement of the New
Voronezh nuclear station, developed on the basis of data on hydrochemistry and hydrobiology, allows to
receive and process operatively integrated information on a condition of water objects, to reveal limiting
factors, to establish sizes of permissible anthropogenous load on ecosystems taking into account zone and
provincial features. It forms a basis for forecasting of their condition and development of a complex of
actions for rational use and protection.
Keywords: Base, rather steady, dynamic and regime parameters of monitoring, ecosystem,
hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators.
.
.
-
, :
- ,
, . ., . ., . . ,
. ., 2014
52
(
,
- , , , ,
( -, -, , , );
- ( -
-,
-, , , ,
,
.). -, ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
, ,
,
, ( ), ;
- ,
,
(
,
: ,
..).
:
- ,
;
- ,
,
, ;
- -
, , , , .
-
;
-
-
;
-
;
- ,
;
- , ;
-
;
- ,
,
;
- .
, ,
-
5
.
, , ,
, , ,
, , , ,
,
.
:
- - ;
-
;
- -
. ( , ,
, ..);
- -;
- ;
- () ;
, : . . , 2014, 1
53
. ., . ., . . , . .
. 1.
- ;
,
,
.
,
,
( 1 5-10
), (,
..),
,
.
(, , , , , .)
(
54
, , .) .
: , , , , ,
, - , , ,
, ,
.
- , ,
-
,
, .
,
,
, ,
.
,
-
, : . . , 2014, 1
.
.
, - ,
,
,
1. ..
: . ... - . : 03.00.27,
03.00.16 / .. . , 2006. 403 c.
- (
14.B37.21.0180)
, , , ; e-mail:
riw86@rambler.ru
, ; e-mail:
riw86@rambler.ru
, , , ; e-mail: aa_voronin@
pochtamt.ru
,
, -
. .. (); e-mail:
rogex@yandex.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
55
612.821
. . , . . , . .
- . .. .. (. )
. .
. : ,
, .
: , , .
Abstract. Data of ecological crisis peculiarities in a contemporary large industrial citi are presented
in the article. The basic directions of environment quality regulation by means of economic and law
mechanism are shown.
Keywords: industrial city, ecology, damage of environment, ecological ckisis.
.
, , - .
,
.
:
- ;
-
;
- .
.
, , , [1, 2].
. ., . ., . ., 2014
56
:
1.
x , , , .
2. ,
. .
3. .
4.
( ),
.
.
,
.
. ,
. -
, : . . , 2014, 1
. ,
.
:
.
. -,
.
.
, ,
, ,
.
( ). , , ,
, ,
- .
, .
,
, : ; ; ; ;
; ; .
,
.
.
, .
.
,
.
2011-2013 ..
, , , , , , . ,
(. ,
, ) 3 ,
1.5 2.
. .
.
(. 1) [3].
. 1.
() ()
2004 2010 .
. 1, -
, - [3].
2006
, . 2010
, , .
. 1.
, , ,
, .
, . , ,
, . 45 , .
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
57
. ., . ., . .
1.
-
()
( )
.
. (. )
,
-
() (NOx)
1,5-2,0
4,0
.
. .
3,0
5,0
.
.
3,5
4,0
.
.
1,6
4,0
.
. 20
2,5
5,0
2,0
3,5
4,7
7,8
4,0
5,2
3,0
4,0
6
7
8
9
.
.
.
. .
.
:
-
( ), , -III;
-
, , ,
;
- ,
, ,
( ), , ..
.
58
, ,
01.01.2008 .
, () (
) -3.
[4].
(. 2).
. 2. .
(), (, ),
() [5].
[6]. , , .
( )
.
- ,
, .
, : . . , 2014, 1
, , :
,
, , -.
, ,
.
. ,
.
.
, , , , , ,
, .
:
.
2 :
1. (
) ;
2. .
:
-
;
- , , ,
(, );
- ,
.
.
-
- .
:
. ,
.
, , -,
, -,
(, ,
) . . 2.
, .
.
(
.. ), ,
.
.
:
- ;
- -;
- ;
- .
, , .
2.
( )
(
)
, : . . , 2014, 1
59
. ., . ., . .
.
:
,
;
, ,
;
;
.
,
. ,
.
.
1.
2009 .: /
. : , 2010 .45.
2. .. - / .. [ .]. :
, 1996 . 166.
3. .. .
/ .. , .. .
.: , 2000 214 .
4. ..
: - , 30 2005 . / ..
, .. , .. . : . 2005 . 27-35.
5. Warren H.V. In Eviromental Medicine (Ch.2)
/ Eds. G. Home and J.A.Loraine, Wm Heinemann //
Medical Books.Lnd, 1973 P. 215.
6. .. : ,
, , -
/ .. . : , 1998
.174.
, ,
- .
, - .
60
, : . . , 2014, 1
631.445.1:631.43(470.324)
-
. .
07.05.2012 .
. -
.
, .
: , , , , .
Abstract. The features of water and physical properties of alluvial meadow loamy soils of Upper
Don are investigated. The dependence of their basic parameters on basic features of alluvial adjournment
forming a polycyclic type of a structure of flood-lands is shown.
Keywords: alluvial soils, basic properties, parameters of a moisture capacity, productive moisture,
stocks.
. 125 ,
53
. .
336 . , 30 %
[1].
.
, - .
,
.
( ), ( ),
.
, , - , ,
. . , 2014
.
,
.
, , ,
. ,
. ,
, -
,
.
,
, ,
.
. -
, : . . , 2014, 1
61
. .
-
.
.
. ,
.
( 1
. ) (
). 60
1020 110120 .
100 3, - , ( ) ()
() ...
(=1.5), (=0.7 ),
(), () (=) - (=).
,
.. .. [2, 3].
( 45
80)
, ,
, .
-
62
.
,
.
, ,
, .
,
, [4].
3.24.5% .
050 178199/
267346/. :
3144%
1118%. 1129 % 312 % (. 1).
[5]. ,
.
.
.
0.25 0.01 , 6484 %.
0.250.05 0.050,01 ,
.
1.22.6%, : 7993%.
,
. : 020
92%, 5070% .
, : . . , 2014, 1
7084 %,
2756%.
2.35.4 2960%,
1112 5275%.
-
. . 1 [5] ,
020
1.001.10 /3,
1.161.39 /3.
1.271.41 /
3 ( 3040), - , 0.93/
3, 1.47/3.
,
,
. ,
5862%
4756%
.
45%,
65%.
, ,
,
-
(.2, 3). , 4.96.4 % 7.49.6 %.
6.0
7.9% 9.112.0%.
2.05.2 3.0
7.8% 2.95.6 4.48.4%
100120.
4952
8096 .
-
. , ,
1
4 06
5 06
6 06
010
1020
2030
3040
4050
5060
7080
110120
010
1020
2030
3040
4050
5060
7080
100110
010
1020
2030
3040
4050
5060
6070
7080
100110
3.88
3.24
3.06
2.70
1.03
1.15
1.68
0.32
4.45
4.22
2.52
2.94
2.75
2.46
2.49
3.29
3.98
3.62
2.20
2.05
2.41
2.53
2.38
3.26
3.42
%
39
38
31
28
25
28
11
13
44
41
41
41
41
37
29
27
40
38
36
32
28
26
26
23
21
, : . . , 2014, 1
8.2
10.0
11.7
9.0
10.0
11.6
5.5
2.5
7.6
15.5
12.6
13.0
16.4
18.8
19.4
20.1
13.8
16.9
16.4
15.1
16.5
20.3
22.8
27.6
22.2
, /3
1.16
1.33
1.30
1.41
1.17
1.16
1.39
1.47
1.10
1.00
1.32
1.33
1.30
1.21
1.15
1.04
1.19
1.39
1.35
1.27
1.18
1.06
1.03
0.93
1.08
63
. .
.
=.
25.132.3 12.329.4 %
29.140.4 18.131.4% . , -
,
,
, () - 2
6 06
5 06
4 06
010
1020
2030
3040
4050
5060
7080
110
120
010
1020
2030
3040
4050
5060
7080
100
110
010
1020
2030
3040
4050
5060
6070
7080
100
110
5.7
5.6
5.2
4.9
4.2
4.3
2.8
2.0
8.6
8.4
7.8
7.4
6.3
6.5
4.2
3.0
17.6
17.1
16.5
18.6
18.8
17.6
10.4
8.6
25.1
24.4
23.5
26.5
26.8
25.2
14.8
12.3
47.9
37.0
38.9
33.0
47.7
48.5
34.3
30.6
16.5
16.0
15.7
19.1
20.5
18.7
10.6
9.3
7.5
7.3
7.0
7.9
8.0
7.6
4.4
3.7
6.6
7.4
6.8
6.9
4.9
5.0
3.9
2.9
10.0
11.2
10.1
10.4
7.4
7.5
5.8
4.4
20.4
22.7
21.5
26.2
22.0
20.4
14.5
12.6
29.1
32.5
30.6
37.4
31.4
29.2
20.6
18.1
55.6
49.2
50.6
46.6
55.8
56.2
47.7
44.9
19.1
21.3
20.5
27.0
24.0
21.7
14.8
13.7
8.7
9.8
9.1
11.2
9.4
8.8
6.1
5.5
6.4
6.1
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.2
9.6
9.2
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.0
7.5
7.8
22.6
17.5
15.0
15.9
18.9
17.2
16.7
20.6
32.3
25.0
21.4
22.7
27.0
24.5
23.8
29.4
52.4
61.5
38.0
37.5
39.2
44.9
49.2
58.3
22.7
15.8
13.3
14.4
18.7
16.5
16.3
21.6
9.7
7.5
6.4
6.8
8.1
7.3
7.1
8.8
7.0
6.1
7.1
7.3
7.2
6.4
5.8
5.4
10.6
9.2
10.7
11.0
10.8
9.7
8.6
8.1
24.9
17.5
19.8
21.1
24.6
20.8
19.2
21.4
35.5
25.0
28.2
30.2
35.1
29.6
27.4
30.6
57.7
61.5
50.2
49.8
50.9
54.3
56.6
60.6
24.9
15.8
17.5
19.2
24.3
19.9
18.8
22.5
10.6
7.5
8.4
9.1
10.5
8.8
8.2
9.2
5.7
5.7
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.2
8.6
8.6
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.8
7.8
20.7
20.4
19.7
19.3
18.8
19.6
18.8
20.4
20.4
29.5
29.1
28.2
27.5
26.9
28.0
26.9
29.2
29.1
45.9
33.8
36.3
41.1
47.2
56.6
58.9
69.4
54.0
20.9
20.5
20.4
19.8
19.2
20.3
19.4
21.4
21.3
8.8
8.7
8.5
8.2
8.1
8.4
8.1
8.8
8.7
6.8
7.9
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.4
5.2
4.8
5.6
10.2
12.0
10.5
9.8
9.1
8.2
7.7
7.3
8.4
24.6
28.4
26.6
24.5
22.2
20.8
19.4
19.0
22.0
35.1
40.4
38.1
34.9
31.7
29.7
27.7
27.2
31.4
54.6
46.9
49.1
52.3
55.6
60.0
60.7
64.5
58.3
24.9
28.4
27.6
25.1
22.6
21.5
20.0
19.9
23.0
10.5
12.0
11.5
10.4
9.5
8.9
8.3
8.2
9.4
,
,
4 06
030
050
50100
0100
31
49
31
80
65
113
78
191
92
161
112
273
61
112
81
193
28
48
33
81
030
050
50100
0100
030
050
50100
0100
31
52
44
96
33
52
39
91
62
108
101
209
80
126
100
226
89
154
144
298
114
180
143
323
58
102
99
201
81
129
104
233
27
46
43
89
34
54
43
97
5 06
6 06
64
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
- [6].
,
020
17.122.6% 17.528.4%
, , .
.
,
. , 020 15.822.7% 15.828.4% , - 7.39.7
7.512.0 %.
,
.
(13.7%) (5.5%) (.2).
020 4053, 050 102129
0100 193233 [3]. -
1823,
4654 8197.
( = ) . ,
,
, .
: 6.5 36.5 %
. 711%, (
1520 %),
.
. ,
,
,
.
3,24,5 %
.
, ,
.
, - .
, : . . , 2014, 1
65
. .
66
, : . . , 2014, 1
MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758
MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS, 1776 (PASSERIFORMES,
MOTACILLIDAE, MOTACILLINAE)
. . , . .
. ..
28.08.2011 .
.
Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae, Motacillinae) XIXXX ., , , .
: , , , , , , , , , , , .
Abstract. Critical estimation of literary information about yellow wagtail and yellow-headed wagtail
Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 and Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae,
Motacillinae) is carrying out on boundary XIXXX centuries, estimation of contemporary quantity, limited
factories and regularities of specieses distribution on research territory of European part of Russia and the
Middle Volga Region are gived.
Key words: distribution, population, cenose, landscape, areal, ornithofauna, species, nesting biotope,
forage reserve, birds, yellow wagtails, Motacillidae, Middle Volga Region.
). M. flava, M. c.
citreola M. c. werae , , , , , ,
, -,
, , .
M. flava, M. citreola XIXXX ., ,
. M .flava
.
.
() M. flava .
: , , -
, : . . , 2014, 1
67
. ., . .
M. flava, M. citreola.
t-
(tSt).
68
. 1. ( 5
) 1981 2011 .
.
XIX-
.:
M. flava ,
,
, , , , , -
.
12 [1].
M. f. flava Linnaeus, 1758
. . M. f.
thunbergi Billberg, 1828
, , , . M. f.
plexa Thayeret et Bangs, 1914
. , , . M.
f. alascensis Ridgway, 1903 ,
-
, : . . , 2014, 1
M.f.flava
[3].
XX M.f.thunbergi , , . (),
,
.. [5] .
XIX .. M.f.thunbergi
. , , ,
, , .. 56 ..
.. [6]
60- [6] (. 2).
. 2.
Motacilla flava L., Motacilla lutea (S. G.
Gmelin) Motacilla citreola Pall.
: 1 M. f.
flava; 2 M. f. thunbergi; 3 M. f. beema; 4 M.
lutea; 5 M. c. werae.
M. citreola .
Motacilla c. citreola Pallas, 1776.
, , Motacilla c. werae Buturlin, 1907.
Motacilla c. calcarata Hodgson, 1836, -
, ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
69
. ., . .
70
.. M.f.flava
, , M.f.thunbergi [6]. -
M.f.flava, .
M.f.thunbergi (,
, - ) [6].
M.f.flava ( -)
. ,
, , .
M.f.flava [6].
M.f.thunbergi
, . 923.08.2007 . 21
27.08.2011 .
. 65 M.f.flava. M.f.thunbergi
. M.f.flava
M.f.thunbergi .
- M.f.flava
, M.f.thunbergi
,
M.f.bema .
, M.flava
[1].
M.flava [7],
, M.flava
[7]. M.flava . . (29.06.1990
.) , . . (21.06.1993 .) . .
, M.flava
.
,
,
. M.flava
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
, ,
. . 3, 4
M.flava.
), ,
, ().
, , , ,
, , , ,
, /
(, , ),
, , -
. 3. Motacilla flava
Linnaeus, 1758 .
M. c. werae (. . , . . ),
M. flava beema M. lutea lutea [7]. 30 -
( ,
..).
M. citreola
: (. c. citreola) - -, (. c. werae) -.
XX
,
-
M. flava
,
( ) , , [2,5]. M. flava
, ,
(-
, : . . , 2014, 1
71
. ., . .
, [2, 5, 8]. M.
flava ()
,
, , [5].
M. flava
, 23 410 . M.flava
,
(), .
. , , M.flava
24 , .
,
.
, M.flava
( ,
,
) [5]. M.f.flava , ,
. .f.thunbergi
, [6].
M. citreola . M. citreola
, ,
, ,
, , ,
[1,3,5]. () . ,
M. citreola
, - .
, , , ,
, , .
.
72
( , , , , , ). M. citreola ,
,
.
M. citreola
,
,
.
M. citreola ,
(. , ,
) [4].
.
M. citreola
100 . . ( ).
, ,
, , , . .
,
, .
M. citreola , , [4].
M. citreola ( ),
, ,
[7].
, M. citreola
, ( )
, .
M. flava -
, : . . , 2014, 1
. 5. Motacilla flava
2002 .
. 6. Motacilla flava
2003 .
. . M.flava 22.04.1940 . 1.8 ./ ,
-
19491950 . 2.3 /.
. . M. flava
, 19982002 . 224.6 ./2. M. flava
. , 19982002 .
78.8 ./2 [7].
M. f. thunbergi
, . ,
-
.
. . . M. f. thunbergi ( 80-200
10-20 ),
M. f. flava,
[4]. M.
f. flava
. M. f. flava -
. . M. lutea, 23
. M. f. flava
2030.
M. flava .. [5],
. , (
M. lutea), , , ,
, .
M. flava 410 0.73.3 /. M. flava
, ( .
20 ./2) .
M. flava 4 /2,
2022 /
2, 17 /2.
1 -
, : . . , 2014, 1
73
. ., . .
25 [4]. M. flava ,
(4.01 0.11./),
, (2.04 0.14./)
.
. M. flava ,
,
0.47 0.08 ./ , 0.44
0.11 ./. (,
) M. flava 2 ,
,
(0.83 0.12).
M. flava
/ , 0.11 0.08 ./.
[6], [8].
[5] [6]. M.flava
,
,
.. M. flava
20
0.21 0.08 ./. 20
50 1.45 0.18 ./. ,
( 1991 .), ,
M. flava
0.03 12 ./.
M. flava
,
: 130150 . . ( )
40007000 . . .
(1520 )
M. flava 5
74
, : . . , 2014, 1
. 1972 .
M. citreola, 1977 . ,
. M. citreola
( 310 ). 1530 [4].
,
(5.07 0.21 ./),
(2.060.22 ./), 0.52 0.04 ./.
, ,
M. citreola
,
(), , 0.44 0.13 ./.
,
0.002 0.001 ./. 20 ( , ,
3 ).
M. citreola
, .
, ,
. . .
100
, . M.citreola
25 30 20 .
XIX M.
citreola ,
. 100
,
,
. M. citreola
, - . ,
(717 /).
210 16 /2 [4].
,
M. flava M. citreola ,
, ,
, , ,
.
M. f. flava , M.
f. thunbergi .
M. f. thunbergi M. f. flava .
- ,
.
, . M. f.
thunbergi
, M. f. flava . M.
f. thunbergi c M. f. flava
. , ,
, , M. f. flava M. f. thunbergi
, () - [9].
M. flava [9]. M. flava ,
.
M. flava ,
,
. M. flava, ,
100300 ( -
, : . . , 2014, 1
75
. ., . .
, , ). M. flava
, ,
,
46 ,
(M. lutea, M. citreola).
M. flava
- 4 M. f. flava, M. f. beema, M. f. thunbergi M. f. leucocephala :
M. f. flava - ,
M. f. beema , M. f. thunbergi , M. f. leucocephala -
.
4 M. flava
-
, ,
, .
M. citreola
[9]. M. citreola
- , . M. citreola
,
.
M. citreola M. c. citreola M. c.
werae : M . c. citreola -
, M. c. werae -
- , (
),
( ),
. M. citreola
76
- ,
,
. M. c. werae M.
c. citreola - -
( ),
.
, M. flava, M.
citreola
, ,
, , .
. . (
, .-) . . (
, )
. 09-04-97012__.
, : . . , 2014, 1
. IV. / .. [
.] / . - . .. .
: - . -, 2009. 268 .
8. ..
Motacillidae / .. // . . .: , 1978.
. 145157.
9. ..
Motacilla L., 1785 ( Budytes) / .. .
. . . . . .: ,
2001. 19 .
. ..
; e-mail: hart5590@gmail.com
-
; e-mail: pliska58@mail.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
77
595.7
Dolichopodidae (Diptera)
.. , .. , ..
16.02.2014 .
. 19 Dolichopodidae (Diptera). 16 . ,
, Dolichopodidae .
: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, , .
Abstract. The morphometric data of 19 genera of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) have been investigated for
revelation of quantitative signs. Six sections of habitus were measured and 16 coefficients of ratios were
obtained. Coefficients showed maximally significant differences are suggested for using for diagnosing
Dolichopodidaes genera.
Keywords: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, habitus, generic signs.
,
Dolichopodidae (Diptera) [1-8]. ,
.
.
[9]. Syrphidae
(Diptera) ,
100%
[10]. Dolichopodidae [11].
,
, Dolichopodidae
.
Dolichopodi . ., . ., . . , 2014
78
dae
, . Adobe Illustrator.
243 , 19 :
Achalcus cinereus (Haliday, 1851), A. dytei Pollet
et Cumming, 1998, A. flavicollis (Meigen, 1824), A.
vaillanti Brunhes, 1987.
Argyra argentina (Meigen, 1824), A. argyria
(Meigen, 1824), A. auricollis (Meigen, 1824), A.
diaphana (Fabricius, 1775), A. elongata (Zetterstedt,
1843), A. ilonae Gosseries, 1989, A. leucocephala
(Meigen, 1824), A. magnicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838),
A. perplexa Becker, 1918, A. setulipes Becker, 1918,
A. spoliata Kowarz, 1879, A. takagii Negrobov &
Sat, 2009, A. vestita (Wiedemann, 1817).
Campsicnemus armatus (Zetterstedt, 1849),
C. articulatellus (Zetterstedt, 1843), C. barbitibia
Stackelberg, 1947, C. compeditus Loew, 1857, C.
curvipes (Fallen, 1823), C. konstantini Grichanov,
2011, C. loripes (Haliday, 1832), C. lumbatus Loew,
1857, C. marginatus Loew, 1857, C. picticornis
(Zetterstedt, 1843), C. pusillus (Meigen, 1824), C.
scambus (Fallen, 1823), C. umbripennis Loew, 1856,
C. zlobini Grichanov, 2012.
Chrysosoma complicatum Becker, 1922, C.
crinicorne (Wiedemann, 1824), C. leucopogon
(Wiedemann, 1824), C. pseudocallosum Bickel, 1994.
, : . . , 2014, 1
Dolichopodidae (Diptera)
, : . . , 2014, 1
79
. ., . ., . .
Sciapus contristans (Wiedemann, 1817), S. euzonus (Loew, 1859), S. flavicinctus (Loew, 1857), S.
nervosus (Lehmann, 1822), S. opacus (Loew, 1866),
S. pallens (Wiedemann, 1830), S. paradoxus Negrobov et Shamshev, 1986, S. platypterus (Fabricius,
1805), S. wiedemanni (Fallen, 1823).
Sybistroma eucera (Loew, 1861), S. obscurella
(Fallen, 1823), S. transcaucasica (Stackelberg, 1941).
Sympycnus desoutteri Parent, 1925, S. simplicipes Becker, 1908, S. simplicitarsis Becker, 1900, S.
spiculatus Gerstcker, 1864.
Syntormon bicolorellus (Zetterstedt, 1843), S.
denticulatus (Zetterstedt, 1843), S. pallipes (Fabricius, 1794), S. pumilus (Meigen, 1824), S. zelleri
(Loew, 1850).
Tachytrechus ammobates (Haliday,1851), T. hamatus Loew, 1871, T. planitarsis Becker, 1907, T. ripicola Loew, 1857, T. tessellatus (Macquart, 1842), T.
vinogradovi Stackelberg, 1941.
Thinophilus asiobates Evenhuis et Grootaert,
2002, T. flavipalpis (Zetterstedt, 1843), T. indigenus
Becker, 1902, T. longicilia Evenhuis et Grootaert, 2002,
T. nitens Grootaert et Meuffels, 2001, T. palpatus Parent, 1929, T. setiventris Grootaert et Meuffels, 2001,
T. tesselatus Becker, 1922, T. versutus Haliday, 1851.
Xanthochlorus luridus Negrobov, 1978, X. ornatus (Haliday, 1832), X. tenellus (Wiedemann, 1817).
: , ,
, ,
( , ), (
R4+5) (. 1).
Dolichopodidae
:
1. ; 2. ; 3.
; 4.
; 5.
; 6.
; 7. ;
8. ; 9. ; 10.
; 11.
; 12.
; 13.
; 14.
; 15.
; 16.
.
80
. 1. , .
, .
, .
.
. , Achalcus
Lw., Chrysosoma Guer., Chrysotus Meig., Dolichopus Latr., Poecilobothrus Mik., Sybistroma Meig.,
Sympycnus Lw., Syntormon Lw., Xanthochlorus Lw.
- . .
,
Argyra
:
(0.920.14),
(0.750.13),
(0.740.09). Campsicnemus
-
, : . . , 2014, 1
Dolichopodidae (Diptera)
(0.790.11), Neurigona (0.260.10),
(1.420.17),
(1.830.18)
(2.090.18).
Rhaphium
,
0.730.09. Sciapus
1
0.41
0.13
0.48
0.09
0.26
0.10
/
/
/
0.92
0.14
0.75
0.13
Tachytrechus Wlk.
0.81
0.13
Sciapus Zllr.
Rhaphium Meig.
Neurigona Rd.
Hercostomus Lw.
Medetera Fisch.
Campsicnemus Wlk.
Hydrophorus Flln.
Argyra Macq.
Dolichopodidae
1.00
0.16
0.79
0.11
1.42
0.17
1.83
0.18
2.09
0.18
0.73
0.09
1.89
0.18
0.40
0.14
0.74
0.09
0.39
0.14
0.38
0.10
, : . . , 2014, 1
Thinophilus Wahlb.
(0.400.16).
Hercostomus , 1.000.16.
Hydrophorus
: (0.810.13), (0.390.13)
(0.380.10).
Medetera -
0.79
0.11
0.92
0.09
81
. ., . ., . .
, ; e-mail: negrobov@list.ru
. .
., .
; e-mail:
selivanova-o@list.ru.
, 0.410.13.
Tachytrechus
, 0.480.09 (1.890.18). Thinophilus :
(0.790.11)
(0.920.09).
Dolichopodidae
,
, .
82
, : . . , 2014, 1
616.36-003.826
,
2 ,
. .
. ..
03.02.2014.
. , 2 ,
, , .
: 2 , , ,
, .
Abstract. pifamin application on the background of the basic therapy at non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,
developing at type 2 diabetes mellitus, is provided a more higher clinical efficacy connected with a more
significant hepatoprotective, antioxidant, lipotropic activity in comparison with standard treatment.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, steatohepatitis, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters,
epifamin.
()
. .
, [1]. ,
2 (2)
. ,
,
[2, 3].
-
, .
,
[4, 5].
. . ., 2014
, ,
,
[6]. ,
,
, [7].
, .
[8]. .
, , ,
. , -
, : . . , 2014, 1
83
. .
,
,
[9].
,
, 2,
.
61 , 2.
20 (32.8%) 41
(67.2%). 21 75
: 44.16.1 . 2. 2 3.38.7 .
, ,
.
: 61
(100%), 53
(86.8%),
38 (62.3%), 30
(49.2%).
: , , ,
.
65
. 2 .
(33 )
: ( ), 1, 6, 12 (5% 1
1 ), : ( , 35 )
2 3 ,
( , 300 )
2 3 , (
10 ) 1 1
, 10 .
(28 )
(
, -,
; -
84
103,
004471..643.04.2003, ) 1 (10 ) 3 10-15
10 .
,
.
. ,
, , ,
[10].
Coulter ACT diff.
lima 15MC. ,
- . Aloka SSD-500 Sonos
1000.
.. .
(
(), (m), t-
)
STATISTICA 6.0. 0.05.
, ( 1).
.
[11].
,
48.5 % . ,
,
.
,
.
33.3% , 21.2%. -
, : . . , 2014, 1
- : 81.8%,
78.7% . 24.2% .
,
, 2 , 55.9% .
1.
, 2 ,
.
1- (n=33)
(%)
(%)
81.8
48.5
30.3
93.9
24.2
100
39.4
96.9
33.3
15.2
9.1
93.9
24.2
18.2
15.2
18.2
1-
159.1 ..,
91.9 . .
138.9 .. ,
87.1 .. () 87.2
, 80.2
. , ,
, .
, ,
( 2).
, 92.8 %
, , 1- .
89.2 % . , , , ,
- [13]. 28.5%. 53.5%
.
1-
, .
35.7% , 21.4%
. , ,
, 62.1% , ,
.
2.
, 2 , .
2- (n=28)
(%)
(%)
82.1
46.4
32.1
92.9
28.6
100
39.2
96.4
28.6
10.7
10.7
92.9
28.6
96.4
10.7
7.2
157.4
. ., 91.8 . .
. ,
141.7 .., 81.3 . .
87.8 , 76.8 . ,
, , , .
,
,
, : . . , 2014, 1
85
. .
, [12].
:
(64.3%),
(16.2%).
.
,
, , - 1.2 1.3
(p<0.05) ( 3). , , [10].
- 1.5 (p<0.05)
1.4 (p<0.05)
. , ,
, , ,
, [13].
1.4
(p<0.05),
- 1.7 (p<0.05). ,
-,
[14].
1.7 (p<0.05)
1.6 (p<0.05)
(40 ).
: 1-
1.3 (p<0.05) , 2- 1.2
(p<0.05)
3.
, 2
2- (1- ( - ;
; n=28)
n=20)
/
4.8 0.8
11.7 1.6
8.6 1.7
11.2 2.9
6.7 0.9
/
65 85
74.9 2.6
73.0 1.4
71.3 2.5
69.7 3.1
/
2.5 6.4
5.3 1.5
5.6 1.9
6.5 1.6
6.3 1.2
-
/
1,7 4,5
12.7 2.1
10.3 0.9
9.7 2.5
6.7 1.2
/
4.1 0.2
6.7 2.1
5.3 1.5
6.6 2.3
4.9 1.2
/
56 104
83.6 10.5
71.7 9.4
82.8 12.1
76.5 10.3
%
80 110
93.6 4.7
95.3 3.3
90.8 2.9
97.8 3.9
4.
, 2 .
2- (1- (
;
; n=28)
n=20)
()
/
0 40
68.2 9.5
38.9 8.4
64.4 9.1
34.1 6.9
/
0 40
49.9 9.8
36.7 7.1
46.5 8.7
30.5 8.6
/
9.6 2.7
15.7 6.0
11.8 3.1
14.0 2.5
11.1 3.1
.
2.5 0.4
3.8 0.7
3.6 0.4
3.9 0.3
3.6 0.4
86
, : . . , 2014, 1
(40 ). , , 2, ,
. 1.8 1.4 (p<0.05)
.
1.9 (p<0.05) 1,5
(p<0.05) ( 4).
.
4. .. :
/ .. //
. 2002. 1. . 36-38.
5. Bellentani S. Epidemiology and risk factors
for fatty liver. / Bellentani S. et al. // Steatohepatitis
(Kluwer Academic Publishers). 2001. Vol. 3.
P. 3-10.
6. Fraschini F. Pharmacology of silymarin. /
F. Fraschini, G. Demartini, D. Esposti // Clin. Drug
Invest. 2002. V.22, 1. p. 51-65.
7. .. / .. // . 2003. . 73, 10. .10-15.
8. ..
/
.. . //
. 2013. .20, 2 . 134-138.
9. .. / ..
// . . 2000. 73.
. 5-11.
10. / . .. . 2- . .: , 2011. . 4958.
11. Pacchierotti C. Melatonin in psychiatric
disorders: a review on the melatonin involvement in
psychiatry/ C. Pacchierotti, S. Iapichino, L. Bossini
// Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2001. V. 22 (1).
P.18-32.
12. Tengattini S. Cardiovascular diseases:
protective effects of melatonin. / S. Tengattini, R.J.
Reiter, D.X. Tan // J. Pineal Res. 2008. V.44(1).
P. 16-25.
13. Ocmar B.S. Reduced endothelial nitric
oxide synthase expression and production in human
atherosclerosis / Ocmar B.S. // Circulation. 1998.
V. 97. p. 2494-2498.
14. ..
: / .. , .. , .. // . 2013. 2. . 11-16.
,
,
. .. ; e-mail:
popov-endo@mail.ru
,
, ,
, 2 ,
, . ,
,
, , ,
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
87
: 631.48
. . , . . , . .
07.07.2011 .
. .
, , , .
. 1-6 , 1-4 . 2-3 120
, 200 - 5-10 .
1.5-1 1-5
.
: , , , , ,
Abstract. Macromorphological and mesomorphological features of carbonaceous growths are defined
by chemical composition of parent breed and a bedrock water relationships. Among migratory forms of
carbonates in the leached chernozem and Chernozem-Like soil on integumentary loam prevail fibrillar
and needles on a surface of structural separateness, on loam - mealy impregnations, diffusive spots and
a meadow marl, in bedrocks on clay river depositions - amorphous tears and imbibition. The constitution
firm carbonaceous nodules reflects a perennial hydrological mode. In the leached chernozems are formed
unimodal nodules 1-6sm, at additional superficial humidifying - two-layer nodules 1-4 cm. At
ground waters on depth 2-3 m - on depth 120 cm very dense small 1-2 m shattered nodules, more low 200
m - friable osculiferous flat 5-10 m tumours. At level of ground waters 1.5-1 m are formed dense angular
two-layer nodules 1-5 m with manganous impregnations.
Keywords: chernozem, Chernozem-Like soil, bedrocks migratory forms of carbonates, carbonaceous
nodules, a water relationships, ground waters
. ..
.. [1] ,
. .. ..
[2, 3] .
.. . [4] , 5 .
, 2 .
. ., . . . ., 2014
88
.. ..
[5]
,
.
[6].
, [1]. ..
. [7] ,
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
- [7] -
[8]
.
, .
[9, 10]. .. [9]
. .. [11]
- . .. [12] ,
. .. [13]
. .. .. [10]
, , ,
. , ( ..)
.
,
.
3- .
.
(- - , 1977)
. -
.
,
: ( - , 1977) ,
( - ,
1977)
( - ,
1977) .
- .
.
1-5 . .
, 3-3.5
, ,
.
:
(-
, 1977) - , (-
,
1977) , -
, : . . , 2014, 1
89
. ., . . . .
- 2-3 (
, 1977),
( ,
1977) -
1-1.5 .
- -
,
(1977) [14]. -
.. .. [5].
.. , .. .. [15].
.
-
(2004)
[16],
(, ) . , .. [17] .
(2004) .
, ,
[18-22].
,
.
-
1.
. ,
, . -
90
.
. - ,
.
. -
[23].
,
.
.
Canon EOS-550D, 50, 40 20. MC-2 ZOOM.
2, 4, 50, 210 500 .
, .
(. 2) ,
, .
-
,
. ,
. (
). (, ).
.
,
. ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
, : . . , 2014, 1
15.4 1.6
11.4 1.3
10.2 0.6
2 ,
/100 ()
25 ,
/100 ()
1:2
I:II
N ,
/100 ()
:,
g G
4.4 0.4
5.5 0.3
1.9
82 2
84 3
11.2 0.9
10.7 1.1
15.4 1.6
3:2
2.0
5.29
35 3
35 2
4.96
7.5 0.7
5.5 0.5
:,
5.1 0.2
5.2 0.1
1:5 - 1:3
1.60
0.92
8.06
1:3 - 1:1
1.00
2.36
9.31
5.0 0.4
98 1
55 6
0.8 0.3
6.5 0.1
4.9 0.8
100
53 4
0.5 0.1
6.5 0.2
11.6 0.9
17.8 1.8
19.6 2.8
8.8 0.8
14.4 1.5
19.6 2.8
18.1 1.5
16.5 1.6
35.0 6.4
1:7
1.02
2.01
4.50
7.0 0.5
100
56 3
0.4 0.1
6.4 0.2
12.4 1.4
14.8 2.5
15.32.2
6.19
96
46 5
2.5 0.7
6.7 0.3
98
7.19
48 5
1.2 0.3
6.3 0.3
16,3 1,5
16,7 2,5
10.2 1.1
17.3 1.8
17.52.,1
6.69
14,33,4
86
39 4
6.5 0.3
4.9 0.2
11.7 1.3
13.4 2.4
18.8 1.8
7.79
100
52 4
0.4 0.2
6.9 0.3
, %
()
, / 100
()
, /100
()
, % ()
:Mg
()
II - III
1.
I ,
91
. ., . . . .
,
, . ,
, .
,
.
. ,
,
.
,
. -,
,
.
,
- .
, .
, .
. , ,
.
.
, . ,
V- .
.
92
1.5
.
,
- . . ,
.
. ( 20 %) ,
.
(1-1.5 )
.
,
, .
,
,
, .
,
- , ,
1
. ,
- .
+200mV,
.
.
.
. ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
,
,
,
150-250
120 -200
120-150
120-150
150-200
150-250
150-200
120-150
100-120
5-20
2-3
2-3
2-3
, , ,
, ,
0.1
0.1-0.5
0.2-0.5
- ,
120-150
( )
0.1-0.2
,
0.1
0.1
,
0.02
0.1
0.10.3
,
0.02
2.5
93
94
,
1.5
,
1-1.2
, 1.0-1.5
2-3
100-150
100-15-
150-200
200-250
120180
150250
150-250
5-15
1-5
1-3
3-5
1-2
,
,
, ,
0.2-0.3
0.02-0.05
,
0.02 ,
0.02-0.05
,
20-30 %
-
0.05-0.1
0.05 ,
,
-
0.01 ,
2 ().
20 %
, ,
,
0.1
,
1-2 , ,
2-5 ,
,
, ,
,
,
, ,
, 0.1 ,
, (
1-6
), ,
, ,
1-4
, 1-2 ,
,
( )
. ., . . . .
, : . . , 2014, 1
.
.
1.
2.
, ,
, .
3.
.
1-6 ,
1-4 .
2-3
1-2 , -
5-10 .
1.5-1
1-5 .
1-3 .
1. .. / .. , .. // . 1966.
9. . 1-12.
2. .. ,
/ .. , .. // . 2005. 3. . 309-315.
3. ..
/ .. , .. , .. // . 1988. 9.
. 76-84.
4. ..
-
4000 / .. , .. ,
.. // . 1999. 3.
.293-300.
5. .. - / .. , .. // . 1979. 12. . 16-21.
6. ..
/ .. , .. , .. . : - ,
1992. 215 .
7. ..
/ .. , .. , ..
// 2000. 4.
. 405-415.
8. .. / .. , .. . .: - , 2001. 216 .
9. .. - / .. // 1956. 5. . 31-42.
10. .. / ..
, .. // . 1975.
11. . 14-30.
11. ..
/ ..
// . 1997. 8.
.952-957.
12. .. / .. . .: - , 1985.
284 .
13. ..
- / .. // .
1989. 2. . 79-86.
14.
. .: , 1977. 223 .
, : . . , 2014, 1
95
. ., . . . .
15. .. - /
.. , .. , .. .
: - . -, 1981. 173 .
16. / . .. , .. ,
.., .. . :
- , 2004. 342
17. .. ,
/ .. , .. , ..
// 2007. 9. . 1029-1040.
18. ..
/ .. , .. , ..
// . -. 2006.
17. , 1. 18-26.
19. ..
/ .. [ .] // .
-. 2007. 17. , 1.
.35-41
20. .. -
- / .. , .. , ..
// . 2002. 9.
. 1102-1114.
21. .. -
/ .. [ .] // . 2008. 2. .198-213
22. .. ,
/ .. [ .]
// 2009. 5. 521-531
23. / . .
.. . .: - , 2001.
689 .
, .
, ,
; e-mail:stepanzowa@mail.ru
96
, : . . , 2014, 1
612.112.94:615.37+612.017
HLA-DR
-
2b-
. . , . . , . . , . .
15.10.2012 .
. II
(HLA-DR) - 2b-. , 2b- -
.
: HLA-DR, -, , ,
.
Abstract. Indirect ELISA method carried out a comprehensive study changes in the level of antigen
expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (HLA-DR) under the combined effects of UV
radiation and 2b-interferon. It was established that in the case of joint action of interferon 2b-and UVradiation response immunocyte is a complex dependence on the dose-modifying agents and initial
expression level of investigated antigens.
Keywords: HLA-DR, UV radiation, neutrophils, Photomodification synergistic.
TLR
TLR4, ,
- .
CD 14.
TLR4 CD14
,
, ,
, - , ,
, , . ., . ., . ., . . , 2014
.
-
,
- , -
[1, 2].
, TLR4-CD14 - I
II , ( CD8+ -,
- ,
I )
( CD4+
- II ) [3].
,
, : . . , 2014, 1
97
. ., . ., . ., . .
-
,
.
,
- (r1 =1.119/3,
r2= 1.076 /3) .
2b- 1, 10 100 /
1
37. - 151
1359/2 - -400 -1 240-390.
HLA-DR
(, ) .
t- .
HLA-DR
a2b-.
0.4820.020 . . . HLA-DR
:
17.5%
100 / (. 1).
, HLA-DR CD 4+ - .
( D) -
98
()
.
10
100 / D (. 1),
(. 1),
HLA-DR
8.8% 14.7%.
. 1. HLA-DR
2b-. :
,
D,
.
, -
,
HLA-DR
a2b-
100/
de novo.
HLA-DR - (240390) 151 1359 /2.
. , ,
2 .
, : . . , 2014, 1
HLA-DR
, , 0,552 0,028 .
. (. 2.).
9.8 20.5 % .
. 2. HLADR x
x - , I () II ()
. 3. HLA-DR
x
x - . :
,
D,
- 151
453 /2 5,5 6 % .
906 1359 /2
.
(. 2) ,
(0,4210,018 . . .).
(151 1359/2)
10 14 % .
HLA-DR
: D . ,
,
-
(. 3).
,
- 151 1359 /2
-
.
906 1359/
2
HLA-DR 6 15 % .
,
,
, de novo .
- 2b- , ,
HLA-DR ,
.
0,552 0,028 . .
. 2b-
100 /
17.5% . (. 4).
, : . . , 2014, 1
99
. ., . ., . ., . .
. 4. HLA-DR
1
a2b- -.
. 5. HLA-DR
2
a2b- -.
- 151
453 /2 5,5 6 % .
,
906 1359 /
2 2b-
10 100 /
12 27% , - .
.
HLA-DR
100 / 17.5 % (. 5).
- 151 906 /2
10 14 % .
2b-
1, 10 100 /
HLA-DR , -.
- -
1359 /2 .
6
24% 10 100/.
100
2b- (1
100/) - (240 - 390 )
HLA-DR .
, .
10 100 /.
,
. ,
, ( ,
) , .
, : . . , 2014, 1
HLA-DR
,
- ,
( ) .
,
-. ,
,
-.
,
, , ,
.
, ; e-mail: koltakov@bio.vsu.ru
, ,
; e-mail: avg@
main.vsu.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
101
631.4
. . 1, . . 2, . . 1
1
. ..
2
12.03.2013 .
. ,
,
, , .
: , , , , , .
Abstract. In this paper briefly describes the doctrine of the ecological functions of soils, shows its
role in especially protected natural zones and soil, in the preparation of the soil Red books of regional
and Federal levels, the improvement of scientific bases of rational use, restoration and protection of land
resources.
Keywords: ecological functions of soils, ecosystems, rational use of natural resources, natural zones,
biosphere, special soil protection.
-
[1, 2].
, ,
,
.
,
, , .
(. 1,)
.
. ., . ., . ., 2014
102
, ,
,
, .
,
, .
, - , ,
[1-4]. ( ..)
,
.
.
, ,
(. 2), -
, : . . , 2014, 1
- .
,
, ,
, .
,
. , - ,
,
. .
30 ,
.
, , [1].
,
.
,
, -, 15-20 %
,
. ,
,
-
1.
, ,
, ,
,
,
()
,
;
,
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
103
. ., . ., . .
2
, ,
,
-
2,
. ,
, .
,
.
, .
:
.
[5-8].
.
, ,
XXI , ( ). , ,
. , ,
. , XIX-XX . . [9] :
104
200 ,
. , . 1764 . , . -
1791 . ,
. 1860 .
, 1804 . .
;
.
, ,
- ,
. , ,
.
,
. , , -
.
,
--
, : . . , 2014, 1
, .
[1-3]
,
. , ,
62, :
1. ,
, .
2. ,
, , . (
20 2001 . 26 2001 ; : 12 2002
6 (2874).
,
, ,
(),
, [10]. .
,
, ,
,
.
-
(), , -
, , , ,
.
63,7 %.
90 %
[10].
.
-, -
() . , [11],
,
, 0,11 %
( ) . , ,
.
,
, [9].
, ,
,
.
,
,
, .
.. ,
, , ,
, ,
[4].
. -,
,
-
, , ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
105
. ., . ., . .
[2].
,
.
, ,
,
40% [1, 4]. .
. (1992)
: 1) 98
100% , 2) 80 90 % c
45-50 % , 3) 30
35 %, 4) 35 40%, 5) 40 60 % [1]. ,
, - ,
,
- .
[2],
. . . . .
:
.
,
.
,
[12].
,
,
. ,
106
,
, ,
, .
1. .. . / .. , .. . .: , 2006. 364 .
2. .. .
/ .. .
.:-, 2010. 240 .
3. .. / .. , .. .
.: - , 1986. 137 .
4. .. : / .. . .:
-, 2010. 220 .
5. .. / .. [ .] .:
- , 2007. 320 .
6. :
/
. . .. , ...
.: -, 2009. 576 .
7. .. / .. [ .]. , 2001. 295 .
8. ..
/ .. . , 2000. 250 .
9. .. / .. //
1993. 9-10. . 6-14.
10. .. / .. ,
.. , .. // . -. : . . , 2011. 1. . 100-104.
11. .. / .. //
. . . 2010. 1. . 103-111.
12. ..
/ .. [ .]. .: , 2008. 275 .
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
..., ,
, ..., ; .:
(4732)208-393, e-mail: dpoch@mail.ru.
, .
, : . . , 2014, 1
107
615.15
(
)
. . , . .
27.11.2013 .
.
2012 2013 .
.
: , , .
Abstract. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of state procurement in the
procurement of drugs by the example of the Voronezh region. Estimated cost-effectiveness of open auction
in the electronic form for the purchase of medicines.
Keywords: state procurement, open auction in the electronic form, cost-effectiveness.
- ,
[1].
()
, ,
.
, .
, .
. -,
. , , (),
. -, . ., . ., 2014
108
,
.
: () 2012 - 2013 .
,
http://www.
zakupki.gov.ru/, -, .[2]
2010 577
. 10.2% (59 ).
() (
,
,
).
2011 827
; -
, : . . , 2014, 1
. 1
2010-2012 .
2012 1181
4767 , 202 1161 . ,
17.17%,
(. 2).
,
.
2012 .
:
20437.81 .
10,3% (2103.93 ).
, 1161 , 110
; 222
, 829 .
, 829
490 2-3
, 263- 4-5
, 76- 6 . ,
,
2,75 ,
(2,66).
(. 3).
2. ( ) 2012 , %.
8 , ,
, - 106 , 47%
.
.
, ,
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
109
. ., . .
(E) :
,
, .,
, , . [3]
- 45
.
() .
, ,
, , , ,
.
, , 1
,
, ; 7
, ,
.
, , .
-
.
, 14 45 ,
; 20
2-3 ,
2 5 ,
.
,
7
( ),
20 , 6
, 11
- .
, . ,
.
1. 94- 21
2005 . , , .
2. http://www.zakupki.gov.ru/.
3. ..
. - . .:
-
, 2012. . 204-208.
...,
; .: (473) 239-05-45,
e-mail: afanaseva@voronej.zl.ru
6 ; .: (473) 244-17-49; e-mail:
artemyi.d@gmail.com
110
, : . . , 2014, 1
615.1:615.918
. . 1, . . 2, . . 1
,
. . .
1
15.10.2013 .
. , 654
( ) , , (, ) (3 12.1.007-76
.. , 2003, 2010), , >45.
: , , , , , , , .
Abstract. Toxicological studies, accomplished using 654 laboratory animals (rats and mice) show,
that humic acid salts, derived from lignine, sapropel and leonardit revealed low toxicity (class 3 toxicity
according to Federal standard of Russian Federation 12.1.007-76 and classification by I.V. Berezovskaija,
2003, 2010), not display cumulative action and possess large-scale width of therapeutic action.
Keywords: humic substance, humate, sapropel, peloid, lignin, leonardit, toxicology, experimental
pharmacology.
, , , , , , ,
[1, 2, 3],
,
, .
,
( , )
.
654
:
3 .
190.05.4 (446 ),
2.5 .
. ., . ., . ., 2014
20.52.0 (208 ).
() [4], ,
.
(III-IV ) (
5 300 /) [1].
.
20.52.0 ,
190.55.0 , 624 , 6 . (
5.0% ) , , .
(5.0% , ) ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
111
. ., . ., . .
.
(
0.9%
). LD50
-.
[5, 4].
1000 / (
) ,
14 . (. 1), ,
, , , , -
( 57 /./. )
(3.55.5 /./.) (. 2).
13
- , -
.
-
- ( ),
( , ), , .
,
, .
, ,
,
20.52.3
22.00.9
280 /
20.01.5
21.51.4
280 /
22.71.20
23.52.5
280 /
22.05.3
24.52.4
460 /
20.00.9
22.30.9
460 /
21.50.9
22.82.1
460 /
21.03.5
23.00.7
1000 /
22.02.1
24.13.2
1000 /
21.03.5
22.52.4
1000 /
19.92.3
21.82.4
1
14
25.02.5
25.52.7
26.13.5
25.73.3
25.72.8
24.00.9
25.62.5
24.93.0
23.41.5
22.13.2
2
, ,
7
14
280 /
280 /
280 /
460 /
460 /
460 /
1000 /
1000 /
1000 /
280 /
280 /
280 /
460 /
460 /
460 /
1000 /
1000 /
1000 /
112
, //.
3.90.6
3.80.3
4.00.8
4.10.7
4.00.8
3.90.9
4.00.7
4.00.3
3.90.2
3.80.5
, /./.
5.61.0
5.20.5
5.10.4
5.50.3
5.50.5
5.11.6
4.62.5
5.31.5
5.40.6
5.20.3
3.90.3
3.90.2
5.40.5
5.30.5
5.20.7
4.00.3
4.50.5
4.20.4
5.20.3
4.10.4
3.80.4
5.40.4
5.40.4
5.30.3
5.40.8
4.90.4
4.90.3
4.10.3
5.30.5
5.30.8
5.90.5
5.30.6
5.30.7
5.61.1
5.60.4
5.50.5
4.71.0
5.51.5
5.60.3
5.50.2
6.20.2
5.90.3
6.60.8
6.50.9
6.70.5
6.70.4
5.92.3
5.61.2
5.70.3
6.01.0
, : . . , 2014, 1
, . -,
. -, . .
(. 3, 4) ( ,
23.5%, 29.1% 67.0%) ( 54.1%, 50.8%,
19.6%), . (
38.4%, 33.4%, 31.3%), ( 20.3%, 13.4%,
14.5%), (
18.1%)
( 58.7%, 51.0% 53.3%),
-
,
.
Lim [4] 30 190.05.3
. 0.1 1.12 50,
24 12.8 50.
k=11.6, ..
>10, .. (2010) [6], , Kk>1.
. ,
12.8 50, , Kk>12, -
3
,
( 600 /)
, /
191.95.4
4.000.50
0.610.12
0.290.02
,
170.48.7
7.071.50
1.040.13
0.350.04
,
183.72.4
6.302.56
0.500.05
0.260.02
,
177.07.8
6.681.38*
0.730.12
0.300.03
, %
-7.8
+67.0
+19.6
+3.4
8.490.48
6.510.46
4.250.22
52.654.00
,
7.260.13
10.080.56
4.560.10
36.231.02
,
7.260.41
9.880.44
4.410.35
36.144.52
,
7.260.20*
9.980.33 ***
4.490.17
36.192.15 ***
-14.5
+53.3
+5.6
-31.3
, %
: * <0,05; *** <0,001
; ; .
4
,
( 1000 /)
, /
214.02.4
3.060.21
0.610.19
0.290.02
191.33.5
4.000.50*
0.940.50
0.370.08
, %
-10.6
+23.5
+54.1
+27.6
198.55.3
3.950.54
0.920.20
0.310.05
, %
-7.24
+29.1
+50.8
+6.9
8.490.48
6.510.46
4.250.22
52.654.00
6.771.27
10.330.37***
5.020.58
32.372.33*
, %
-20.3
+58.7
+18.1
-38.4
7.350.54
9.830.51***
4.980.37
35.06.21*
, %
-13.4
+51.0
+17.2
-33.4
: * <0,05; ** <0,01; *** <0,001 .
, : . . , 2014, 1
113
. ., . ., . .
.
,
(. 5).
[5, 6, 7] , 10 /
[2, 3],
LD50 ,
(. 5).
, (3
12.1.007-76 .. ,
2003, 2010),
(
>45), .
1. ..
, /..
, .. //. 2010. . 73,
9. . 4348.
2. .. - /.. //
. . . 2010. 3. . 150152.
5
,
, /,
>1000
>1000
>1000
LD50
100
1000
1000
1000
LD50
>1000
>1000
>1000
80
1000
1000
1000
LD50
1482.5203.0
799.8144.8
180
770
360
LD50
459.295.2
36
280
LD50
510.561.1
84
280
LD50
893.3121.2
72
460
LD50
974.9135.0
72
360
3
3
3
( 12.1.007-76 ..
-
, 2003)
30
11.6
>12
>12
( .. , 2010)
(LD50/
97
149
80
)
( .. , 2010)
114
, : . . , 2014, 1
3. ..
/ ..
, .. , .. , ..
// ,
, . 2011. 22 (117).
. 16. . 214221.
4.
() / [ . . . . ]. 2- ., . . .: , 2005. 832 .
5. .. /..
. .: - .
, 1963. 152 c.
6. .. /.. // , 2010. 5 (104). . 1722.
7. ..
/..
//.-. , 2003. . 37, 3. . 3234.
, , ; .
(84732)530380; e-mail buzlamaa@yandex.ru
,
. ..
, , ;
. (84732)371011.
,
, ; .
(84732)530789; e-mail slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
115
615.1
. . , . . , . .
..
01.11.2013 .
. , ,
.
.
()
- .
: , , , .
Abstract. In this paper, based on the component structure of the system of quality management in the
pharmaceutical manufacturing facility, the algorithms of implementation of the eight specific principles
of quality management are proposed. During the implementation of a systematic approach and using the
methodology of marketing the process of forming "qualirisks" is established. A conceptual model of quality
management system of drugs on the factory of pharmaceutical products is established.
Keywords: system and the principles of quality management, pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise,
"qualirisks", quality of the drug.
,
() ,
. -
.
, , , , , [1].
. ., . ., . ., 2014
116
-
. ,
( , , , .),
(, ,
, ,
.). , ,
:
, , ( ), ( ).
,
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
[2]. (, ), (
; - ,
; , ).
, ,
. - : , ,
, , . :
, ; ; - (.1).
, -
,
- , , , .
,
,
9000 9001-2008 [3,4,5].
,
(.1).
, ,
.
.1.
[6].
, .
.
, .. , [7,8].
(.2).
GMP
9001 ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
117
. ., . ., . .
, ,
- ;
- ;
- .
,
.
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
- ;
- ;
-
;
-
;
-
;
- .
- ;
- ();
- ;
- ;
-
.
- ;
-
;
- ;
-
;
- , ;
- .
-
;
- ;
-
- ;
- .
- ;
- ();
- ;
- , .
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
118
, : . . , 2014, 1
9001: 2008
GMP,
, .
, GMP,
9001,
GMP.
, GMP
, , .
.
GMP .
60- XX GMP 70-
. 75% -
GMP.
GMP, 25 ,
: Right-First-Time (
), . GMP: , .
[9].
.
, 5 (.2).
1- 5
:
1.
, (
Rx- ).
2. ,
.
.2. -
, : . . , 2014, 1
119
. ., . ., . .
3.
.
4.
.
,
,
(.3).
, ,
,
.
,
,
,
.
2
/
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
.3.
120
, : . . , 2014, 1
6. .. // , 2007.
6. . 53 - 60.
7. ..
/
.. , .. . , 19-
(, 23-27 2012 ).
: , 2012. . 118 - 122.
8. .., .. / .., .. -
. ,
19- (, 23-27
2012 ). : , 2012. . 181 - 184.
9. ... //
, 2012. 2. . 102 - 109.
,
.. , ;
e-mail: glembotskaya@rambler.ru.
, . .. , .
,
.. , .
1. .. : . .: , 2012. 239 .
2. ..
/ ..,
.. , 2012. 2
(12). . 96 - 98.
3. .. 9001-2008
9004-2010. . // , 2012. 1 (11). .112 - 121.
4. ..
/
.., .., .. -
, 2012. 2 (12). . 131-140.
5. .. :
/ .., .. , 2012. 1 (11). . 108 - 111.
, : . . , 2014, 1
121
615
. . 1, . . 1, . . 1, . . 2, . . 1
1
2
1 . ..
04.10.2013 .
.
. .
: , , .
Abstract. The study of the anthocyanin extracts compounds from black chokeberry fruits. Selected
and recommended optimal conditions for extraction of anthocyanin compounds of dried and fresh fruits of
black chokeberry..
Keywords: Antotsiana, spektrofotometrichesky characteristics, fruits of a mountain ash chernoplodny.
(Aronia melanocarpa)
,
, , ,
(.P, C, A, B6 .),
(, , , , .),
, [1].
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
,
- 2013. I [2].
.
,
(40%, 60%, 70%, 95%), -
1%,
, .
l = 510-540 .
1 (..)
100 , 50
.
, .
90 . ,
. ., . ., . .,
. ., . ., 2014
, : . . , 2014, 1
122
50 . (
1 : 15; 1 : 50) Hitachi U-1900.
,
. . 1.
1
,
- -
, % *
**
40
0.68
0.43
60
0.43
0.35
70
0.35
0.31
95
0.16
0.21
0.51
0.16
40+1%I
0.86
2.10
60+1%I
0.83
2.09
70+1%I
0.84
2.10
95+1%I
0.17
2.11
+
1%I
0.86
2.12
:
* - 15 ; ** - 50 .
, -
. ,
, .
,
40%[3].
, .
2 3
, .
(-
,
95%-
). ,
.
.
,
( 8-10 ) ,
.
.
;
-
.
.
0.1 0.25 ; 0.25 0.5
0.5 1.0 . . 2.
2
40%
40%*
**
,
0.5-1.0
0.68
0.43
0.2-0.5
0.52
0.84
0.1-0.2
0.53
0.98
:
* - 15 ; ** - 50 .
, 0.5-1.0 .
.
. 0.1-0.2 .
40 %
, : . . , 2014, 1
123
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .
. : 5.,
10., 30., 60., 90. .1,
,
60 .
.2.
40% . 1 1:10, 2 1:20; 3
1:30; 4 1:40; 5 1:50; 6 1:60
.1. 40%
.
- .
. 2.
,
: - 1:40, 1 : 25.
.
,
, , ...; .: (473) 2530428; e-mail:
t_brezhneva@mail.ru
124
:
40% - 1:40,
60 , 0.5 - 1.
40%
- - 1:25, - 60 .
2 3 8 10
.
1. .. :
(). / .. . 2- ., . .
: ; ,
2007. .794-799.
2. . 11-
. . : , 1989. . 2: . 258 .
3. .
/ . . .: ,
1991. 763.
, : . . , 2014, 1
, , e-mail: liza-ugl@mail.ru
..., , .
, ; e-mail: slivkin@pharm.
vsu.ru
.
.., ..., , e-mail: laznata@
mail.ru
4
, e-mail: irisha.
berest@mail.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
125
: 615.451:615.453:615.454
,
. .
01.10.2013 .
. , , , , ,
, .
: , , ,
, .
Abstract. In this review there is a classification of modern rectal, vaginal, urethral medicinal forms
of Russian and foreign pharmaceutical producers and also a characteristic and formula of some drugs,
including suppositories, and used auxiliary substances and materials.
Keywords: medicinal forms, rectal preparations, suppositories, vaginal preparations, urethral
preparations.
,
, , . ,
,
, .
XI . , ,
[1].
(Rectalia) (Vaginalia) ,
[2, 3].
,
, . ., 2014
126
, . :
1) - ,
, , ; .
2) : , , , ,
, - , .
:
; ; ,
( , ); ;
, : . . , 2014, 1
(, ); (); .
[4].
()
, , ,
.
, , ;
[4].
- () : , ,
, , .
; 1% -2. , , , , ,
. ,
.
() -
"" .
(Health Life) , , ,
, .
, , ,
,
. .
() :
, , . 15
, , , , , .
,
.
()
:
W-35. . , , .
() .
,
.
,
.
().
, .
: ,
;
.
()
. . , ,
,
.
,
, .
() ,
- H15 W35. , , ;
. , .
(-) , ,
, , .
3 . . . :
; -
, : . . , 2014, 1
127
. .,
; ;
;
, - , .;
.
, ().
, , ,
I, II
. : ;
, , , - ; , ; .
-
.
, , , , ,
, .
() - . ,
,
.
, ,
. .
()
.
-
(Berlin-Chemie), (Reckitt
Benckiser),
(UPSA) .
:
(NOVARTIS) , -
128
( ) ; 100 (Berlin-Chemie);
(Lek d.d), ;
(Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma.) ,
.
(Farmaprim) - c
.
.
()
-
-2, - , -
, . :
. - ,
.
(Glaxo Wellcome S.A.)
- ,
,
, (
.), , .
() : ,
, .
.
, . :
, , ,
, ,
, ,
.
.
,
, : . . , 2014, 1
( ) -
.
, , ,
. .
(Intendis Manufacturing)
, ,
: ; ; ; -400-;
-. .
, . .
- (Novartis Consumer
Healh)
.
.
, . ,
,
.
, 64-70% 3036% . 2,5
, - 1 .
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
(Aventis Pharma) ,
, . .
, . ,
.
(Mepha Ltd) ,
:
, , ,
, , ,
, , , .
,
, .
( ) ,
. ex tempore
.
(Dr.Falk Pharma GmbH)
(KRKA d.d.) - ,
. : , , , ,
, , ,
.
,
, 60 .
.
50- 20 (, , ),
. - ,
, 3-5 ,
.
. .
, ,
. .
,
, ,
,
.
.
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
129
. .,
(McNeil AB)
5 , , .
- , , .
,
.
5-15 , .
, , ,
, , ,
,
. , , .
-.
,
, ,
(, ) [5].
, ,
. .
,
,
, ,
, .
- , , ,
,
, - ( ).
, . . , .
.
( )
, -
130
.
,
.
( ). .
.
, ,
,
, .
: ,
( . . ), (
. . ), () ,
, , ( ),
, ().
,
; ;
; ;
.
, ,
, , , , .
(, , , , , ..).
() : , , , . .
() .
,
.
()
: ,
, : . . , 2014, 1
1500, 400.
.
()
, - , ;
; . ,
.
(Merz) , -9,
.
(N.V. Organon) ,
S58. . .
.
, ).
-
-
, .
(Medena AG) -
. :
, , . ,
, , ..
.
: , ,
, , , , , .
.
, , ,
, [6,7].
(Unique)
:
, , 940, , ,
. , , .
(Gedeon
Richter)
Candida, Trichophiton,
Micosporum, Epidermaphiton.
()
.
, Solanum
tuberosum. ,
. : , , - .
.
7 , , -
, : . . , 2014, 1
131
. .,
.
10% (EGIS PHARMACEUTICALS
Ltd.)
;
.
OLIVE VAGINAL SPRAY (Seagate) - .
: Borax 8x; Helonius 8x; Kreosotum 12x;
Platina 12x,
omega-3
. , , , , [8].
(Medinova)
Lactobacillus acidophilus
, :
(DC), , ,
( ), . :
, / .
()
132
- ,
, , , , , . : .
-
2x2 . :
, ,
, .
.
( ) (NONOXINOL PELLICLES, ). [9].
- .
-
. .
1970
, (-9
).
,
,
.
, .
. ,
, .
24 , .
(Laboratoire
Innotech
International) (Soft tampons) . .
.
() , . ,
, . : , -
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
[5].
. .
. ,
,
, 5 ,
.
rogestasert.
, ,
, - .
(Bayer Schering Pharma) -
20 /24 . - ,
-
, . -
; . . : .
, -4-
-4-.
6 11 . .
: ,
( , , ). 611 .
(Vivus, Inc.) ( E1).
.
, , 1-
. : , , .
(, ), ().
(Farco-Pharma)
-
1. XI .
. 2. 1990. .151-153.
2. , .- i, 2001 ( 1 .). .
151-157, 495-497, 502-505.
3. European Pharmacopoeia .- Strasbourg, 2008
- Sixth edition. Volume 1,2 http://www.edqm.eu
4. 2012
http://www.rlsnet.ru/
5. http://www.baldone.ru
6. - http://www.piluli.ru/product/
7. http://www.aptekaifk.ru/art/
8. Tao of herbs http://www.taoofherbs.com/products.
9.
http://www.apteka-med.ru
,
; e-mail: tam-orlova@
yandex.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
133
54.04; 615.072
. . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .
21.10.2013 .
. - ,
. , - ,
- NH2-,
, .
: , ,
Abstract. Chain-length distribution and viscometry properties of chitosan solutions which were
received by hydrogen peroxide depolymerization of deacetylated glycan from crabbing chitin in alkaline
medium are studied. It is revealed that chitosan has limited elasticity because of the steric obstacles. The
contribution to relative rigidity of macromolecules is made by ionic character of the steric obstacles because
of NH2-group, and also a high probability of emergence of the hydrogen bridges limiting segment mobility.
Keywords: chitosan, rheology, elasticity
, ,
- ,
, , .
,
[1].
, [1, 2].
, () 2.0-2.5 .
, - .
: -( ), -, -. ,
600-750 6 [3]. - ,
. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . ., 2014
134
-. - [4].
,
. ,
.
- ,
.
, ,
30-40 %- NaOH,
- .
,
-2--2-
600-700
88-92% [2,4].
- () [5]
2%
0.5 NaOH [6, 7].
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
*10-3
/
1
0.34
357.1
2
0.25
241.3
3
0.20
110.5
4
0.12
87.2
5
0.09
12.6
*
.1, -
.
. , ,
.
1, 2, 3
2
.
25 (. 2).
[7 - 10] (=0.52 )
(L)
: L =
M/M, M
.
, , (N) . . 2
.
.
1
2
3
2% 3+ 1,5%
3Na
(4:1)
2%
(.1) ,
. ,
, .. , [12].
, ,
,
. . ,
- . 2--2 , 0 390 . ,
.1
.
(.1, .3) .
(.1, .1)
= 0 - 85 -1.
. 1. ln () 1, 2, 3.
2
[]
10-4
M
-1
10-3
L,
8.97
318
400
20
201
380
18
90
330
16
6.79
3.34
0.76
0.78
, : . . , 2014, 1
C,
%
n,
.
1977
6-8
1253
560
135
. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . .
,
, , ..
, .
. 2.
. 2 ,
2% 1.5% ,
C [] = 2.2
.
,
.
, , -
( ). ,
- NH2-,
,
.
, , e-mail: pfi.pharm@mail.ru
.
, , ;
e-mail:chhml158@chem.vsu.ru
, , ;
e-mail:chhml158@chem.vsu.ru
e-mail: slivkindenis@hotmail.com
, ; e-mail:pfi.pharm@mail.ru
Slivkin Denis A.
e-mail: slivkindenis@hotmail.com
Firsova Lyudmila I. associate professor of
pharmacy of postdegree education, candidate of
medical sciences; e-mail: pfi.pharm@mail.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
137
615.074
. . , . . , . .
07.09.2013 .
.
. . , .
: , , .
Abstract. It is developed and validated a technique of quantitative definition of the maintenance of
the sum flavonoids in terms of routines in nettle leaves by a two-blast furnace a method of a differential
spectrophotometry. Optimum conditions of extraction flavonoids are chosen from nettle leaves as a twoblast furnace. According to the received results, the technique is valid and suitable for use for standardization
of this type of medicinal vegetable raw materials.
Keywords: flavonoids, validation, nettle leaves two-blast furnace.
, .
,
. . 14 .
, XI .
, [1].
, , [2-4].
[5-7]. , () .
. ., . ., . ., 2014
138
, [8].
.
,
,
[9-12] 4112 (.
1). 4122
, (. 1).
-
, : . . , 2014, 1
1 .
, 15
(. 2).
. 1. (1 -
(1:50),
20 ; 2
; 3 -
).
,
0.2; 0.5; 1; 2
(. 4). ,
0.2 .
. 3. .
. 4.
.
. 2.
.
,
,
2 %
- 1:2 (. 3 . 1).
(.4),
(. 5),
(. 6). -
96 %
1:50 (. 2,3).
(. 5) ,
.
2.5 , 5.5 .
,
(. 5). ,
.
,
, : . . , 2014, 1
139
. ., . ., . .
,
(. 4). , ,
.
1
.
/
, %
1
1:1
1.6710.036
2
1:2
2.0210.044
3
1:5
1.6950.037
2
.
/
, %
1
0
-96%
2
2.60
1.8670.0410
(1:1)
3
96%
5.20
1.8850.0413
4
70%
6.34
1.3230.0290
5
40%
7.48
0.3820.0080
6
9.00
- .
3
.
/
, %
1
1:30
1.3280.029
2
1:50
2.8270.062
3
1:70
1.6710.037
4
,
/
[9]
3-1
2.60
399
2
5.20
411
3
6.34
402
4
7.48
405
140
, , 45
(. 6).
. 5.
.
. 6. .
. 1
( ),
100 , 50 96%
0,01 . ,
45 ,
.
,
96% .
, ,
10 ( ). 2
25 , 4 2%
96% 4 -
, : . . , 2014, 1
. ( )
15 .
Hitachi U-1900 ()
4102 10 .
: 2 , 4
96%
,
25 . ,
. (X)
:
X ,% =
; 0 -
; m , ; W
, %.
.
. 0.025 ( ) ,
50 , 35 96%
. ,
(
), 1
25 , 2 2% 96%
,
96%
, 30
( ).
4102 10 . : 1 , 4
96%
,
25 .
2% 96%
2 100 , 50
96% .
f
5
x
1.5519
, 95%
5%, ..
(. 5).
, , ..
,
().
,
, , , . 1.55190.034% ( ).
. . 7,
2242; 2702 4102 .
. 7. (1 ; 2
).
,
125; 131.25; 162.5; 225%.
- -
(P = 95 %; n = 6).
2
S
S
Sxcp
Sr,%
t(P,t)
x
xcp
0.00105
0.0324
0.0132
2.09
2.57
0.083
0.034
, : . . , 2014, 1
5
, %
2.19
, %
5.37
141
. ., . ., . .
, 100%,
1005%.
98.19% (. 6).
. : 1 :
0.75
25.0 (37.5%); 2 : 1.0
25.0 (50.0%); 3 :
2.0
25.0 (100.0%); 4 :
2.5 25.0 (125.0%); 5 : 3.0 25.0 (150.0%).
0.995 (.
/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8). (
, )
. 7.
() ,
. ,
,
95%,
RSD 2.09% 2.19%
- 5%,
(. 7).
6
( ).
,
,
, %
,
,
0.00100
0.00180
0.00220
0.00050
0.00130
0.00120
0.00050
0.00130
0.00110
0.00025
0.00105
0.00126
0.00080
98.19
0.00025
0.00105
0.00091
0.00020
0.00100
0.00091
0.00020
0.00100
0.00091
7
.
=0.0747 0.029
()
0.0747
b
0.029
0.9969
( 1
3.1 9.310-4
. )
, %
1
0.303
1.5797
2
0.296
1.5432
3
0.302
1.5745
4
0.291
1.5172
5
0.304
1.5849
6
0.290
1.5119
, %
1.5119
, %
1.5849
, %
1.5519
1.55190.034
(=95%), %
1.5179 1.5859
, %
0.0324
, %
2.09
,
1 .
2.3310-4
142
, : . . , 2014, 1
(. 8).
. 8.
.
8
/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
, %
6.0
2.5
1.55190.034
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.06
,
.
1. ..
, , / .. -
, .. , .. //
. . 2010. - 3. . 143-145.
2. .. / .. // .
. . . -. 2009. 26 .
3. ..
- / .. , .. // .
. 2009. 2. . 89-92.
4. ..
/ ..
// : , . . 2012.
.78-79.
5. .. ,
Urtica () / .. , .. ,
.. // .-. . 45.
10. 2011. . 32-40.
6. ..
/ .. , .. // .-.
. . 42. 12. 2008. . 26-29.
7. .. ,
/
.. , .. // .
. - 2012. - 2. - . 133-138.
8. ..
/ .. , .. , .. // . . .
2013. .13. . 2. . 213-219.
9. .. / ..
, .. , .. // , 1978. 220 .
10. ..
/ .. , ..
// . 2007. 5.
.10-12.
11. .. / .. , .. , .. // . 2009. 5. . 20-22.
12. .. / .. , ..
// . 2006. 6. . 32-34.
, : . . , 2014, 1
143
. ., . ., . .
.
,
; e-mail: trineeva@mail.ru
.
, , . , ; e-mail:
slivkin@pharmvsu.ru
Voropaeva Svetlana S.
pharmaceutical faculty of VSU.
144
student
of
, : . . , 2014, 1
615.1 + 614.27
. . , . .
5.12.2013 .
. , , , . ,
. , .
: , , , .
Abstract. In work approaches to the conceptual category "quality of life" are considered, the factors
having impact on quality of life are studied, generalized and systematized. It is established that influence
of models provision of medicines on quality of life of the population is insufficiently studied. It is proved
that as the indicator of an assessment of provision of medicines the indicator of expenses for preferential
provision of medicines can serve.
Key words: quality of life, factors of quality of life, quality of life indicators, beneficiary drug coverage.
.
, , ,
[1 - 10].
. ,
. ,
,
24.12.2012 N 2511- ,
13.02.2013 N 66
2025
.
. ., . ., 2014
-
.
- , [3].
,
: ; ; ; ; [6].
.
. , ,
.
.
,
. [3, 6, 10].
.
, . ,
-
, : . . , 2014, 1
145
. ., . .
,
.
[2-3, 4-7, 9, 10]
:
;
.
,
.
,
.
, , .
. , [4].
, .
.
, .1 [2, 6, 8, 10], ,
.
, , -
, , . ,
,
.
()
, , ,
, , .
, , ,
, , ,
, , , .
, , ; , .
, , .
,
, 15 .
, ,
.
, , .
, 1 , , , , .
, , , .
, , .
,
(), , .
, , , .
, .
-
-
, .
146
- - .
, : . . , 2014, 1
,
.
. -, , ,
,
[8] (
, ).
-,
.
, 17.07.1999
178-
22
2004 122-
()
, 29.12.2004
328
, .
.
. 1 , .
[10],
,
.
MicrosoftExcel 2010. 2.
. 1.
(. .) , .
,
( ).
.
, , .
, . ,
.
5 ,
: 2010
.
2010 ,
-
, : . . , 2014, 1
147
. ., . .
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
,
1000
9,5
10,1
10,2
10,2
10,9
0,744441
,
1000
17,2
16,5
17,0
15,9
15,6
-0,71285
67,82
68,94
69,45
70,41
70,84
53805,2
69467,1
91994,9
99485,0
113048,1
0,75055
362693
354603
347040
337562
324308
-0,67931
,
.
3158
23723
23684
32834
24930
0,978516
, 1000
512,1
548,5
549,9
553,3
542,5
0,969177
, .
1158,4
1167,9
1151,8
1171,7
1164,4
0,485233
, .
270
265
266
258
223
-0,41054
9519,8
14469,6
19449,3
19597,8
25238,6
0,748628
, .
.
16669
15689
7063
7524
7954
-0,6455
().
(-0.6455)
,
,
,
.
, .
2010
2012 0.4825 2008
148
0,815683
2012 ,
, . ,
.
,
,
.
(0.969177),
(0.978516)
(0.815683)
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
6. ..
: / . .
; . . . .. . .:
, 2006. 223 .
7. .. - // - , 2011. 5. . 39 - 47.
8. ..
// ,
2012. 1. . 14 - 20.
9. ..
: / ..
, .. , .. .
: - , 2010. 136 .
10. ..
: , ,
// , 2008. 1. . 3 22.
11. . 2013:
. . / . 75 ,
2013. 84 .
, , ; .: (473)239-05-45; e-mail:
chupandina@vsu.ru
,
, .: (473)256-9250; e-mail: oerigova@mail.ru
1. ..
/ .. , .. . .: , 2006. 607 .
2. .. //
, 2008. 10 (22).
.140 - 146.
3. .. : / .. , . . . : - , 2010. 92 .
4. ..
// , 2010.
1. : http://www.regionsar.ru/
node/467?page=0,1
5. .. , - : .
- . : 08.00.05 / ., 2005. 411 .
, : . . , 2014, 1
149
75 . .
30 1938 . 1965
( )
.
- .
1968 . . 18 1971
. ,
. 1983 . 2003 . 1982 .
, 1985 .
. C 1983 1992 .
150
..
(). 2003
. ..
, .
- ( ),
,
.
..:
-
.
.
.. .., ..
.. - .
,
. ..
. ,
.
(1991 ., 2002 .),
, : . . , 2014, 1
75 . .
(2002 .).
22 5
. 600 ,
.., 17 , 27 , 55 .
.. - . 10
.
, , - (
),
. .. .
,
, 1989 1991 ..
.
..
,
:
..,
.., ..,
.
- . 19
2009 . .. .
.. ,
.
, , , . .
,
.
. .,
. .,
. .
, : . . , 2014, 1
151
, ,
, , ( ). , , ,
.
20 6 ,
5 4 .
, .
:
1) , , , , ,
( 2 .);
2) , , , ,
(2 );
3)
;
4) : ,
,
( ).
, ,
.
, ,
( 2 .)
.
,
, .
,
, .
.
, .
,
.
,
: , , ,
, .
( , , ,
, ).
4,
~ 2,5 ,
14 (Times New Roman Cyr).
, , , , .
.
, ,
.
( 2 .). .
;
(, U, ; t, ).
,
. , , , , .
(
) (2.), .
.
, ,
.
. , 7.1-2003 ,
. ,
,
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
152
,
.
, ,
(, ; K, k; , ; , ; S, s; U, u; V,
v ..), I(i) J(j), I
I, 1, | (1, ),
l() ( ).
, .
. , , , ,
.
, .
.
.
:
, ,
, .
Times New Roman
Cyr, 14- , 1,5 .
( ) ,
, ,
.
Microsoft Word ( .
Tex,
LaTex) .
TIFF, JPEG,
, WMF.
:
600 dpi ( );
300 dpi ( ).
, ,
.
.
.
, : . . , 2014, 1
153
: . .
PROCEEDINGS OF VORONEZH STATE UNIVERSITY
SERIES: CHEMISTRY. BIOLOGY. PHARMACY
:
:
. . , - . , . . . , - .
, .; . . , - . , . . . , . .-. , .
: . . , - .-. , .; . . , - . , .; . . ,
- . , .; . . , - .-. , .; . . , - . , .; . . , -
. , .; . . , - .-. , .; . . , - . , .; ..,
- . , .; . . , - . , .; . . , - . , .; ..,
- .-. , .; . . , . . , .
:
. . , -. . ., . . . , -.
. ., .; . . , -. . ., . . . , . . .
: . . , (, , . ); . . , -.
. ., .; . . , -. . ., .; . . , -. . ., .; ..,
-. . ., . ( , ); .. , -. . ., .; . . , -.
. ., . (); . . , -. . ., . (); . . , -. . .,
. (. -, ); .., -. . ., . ();
.., -. . ., .; .., -. . ., .; . . , -. . .,
. (); . ., -. . ., .; . , , . (
- . ., ); . . , -. . ., ., -. ( .
.., . ); .., -. . ., .; . . , -. .-. ., -. . .,
.; . . , -. .-. ., . (, . -); . . , -. . ., .;
.., -. . ., .; .. , -. . , .
: 77-19719 07 2005 .
,
,
: 394006, . , ., 1
.
.
E-mail: vestnikvsu@gmail.com; .: (473) 220-89-32
.
E-mail: vestnic_biology@mail.ru; .: (473) 220-89-81
.
E-mail: slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru; .: (473) 255-47-76
, 2014