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2013

621.039
31.4
T78

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/ . . . .-. . . ; -
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.
. 13 : -1: / . .
. . . 2013. 246 . : . ISBN 978-5-02-038468-2 ( .).
-1,
,
11 2011 ., . 2012 .
, , .

Proceedings of IBRAE RAS / Ed. by L. A. Bolshov ; Nuclear Safety Institute

(IBRAE) RAS. Moscow: Nauka, 2007
.
Issue 13 : Accident at Fukushima-1 npp: response experience and lessons
[inRussian] / Ed. by R. V. Arutyunyan. 2013. 246 p. : ill.
ISBN 978-5-02-038468-2 (bound).
In this book, we present the results of evaluation and prediction of the accident development at the "Fukushima-1" NPP and its radiation consequences for the population
and territories of Japan and Russia completed immediately following March 11, 2011,
within the acute period. Predictions are compared against the actual data as of the end
of 2012.
Aimed at the experts in the problems of NPP safety, radiation safety, and protection of
the population and territories. Recommended for students and postgraduates.

ISBN 978-5-02-038468-2
, 2007 ( ), 2013
, 2013
, 2013
, 2013
- . , 2013

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36,4873

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36,4790

140,6022

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Funaishikawa Tokai

36,4676

140,5544

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City Yokobori Naka

36,4654

140,5200

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Oshinobe Tokai Village

36,4501

140,5694

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Muramatsu Tokai-mura

36,4496

140,5961

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36,4115

140,5714

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36,2932

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36,2385

140,5108

1080000011

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140,5470

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36,3873

140,6075

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36,3921

140,4258

1080000015

Horiguchi

Horiguchi, Hitachinaka City

36,3865

140,5150

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Kuji Hitachi City

36,5029

140,6111

1080000017

Isobe

Isobe Hitatioota City

36,5162

140,5383

1080000018

Kadobe

Kadobe Naka City

36,4887

140,4842

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Sugaya

Sugaya Naka City

36,4446

140,5000

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Oba Mito City

36,3298

140,5195

1080000021

Ebisawa

Ebisawa town Ibaraki

36,2590

140,4595

1080000022

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Sawa Hitachinaka City

36,4393

140,5300

1080000023

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Sawa Yanagi Hitachinaka City

36,3576

140,5697

1080000024

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Motokomezaki Naka City

36,4823

140,5472

1080000025

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City Nukata Naka

36,4912

140,5197

1080000026

Kounosu

City Kounosu Naka

36,4687

140,4633

1080000027

Godai

Godai Naka City

36,4248

140,4745

1080000028

Onuma

Onuma Hitachi City

36,5337

140,6292

1080000029

Mayumi

Mayumi Hitatioota City

36,5240

140,5697
140,4436

1080000030

Uridura

City Uridura Naka

36,4998

1080000031

Nemoto

Nemoto Hitachioomiya City

36,5270

140,4353

1080000032

Kume

Kume Hitatioota City

36,5373

140,4772

1080000033

Isohama

Isohama Oarai Town

36,3176

140,5783

1080000034

Tasaki

Tasaki Hokota City

36,2551

140,5208

1080000035

Momiyama

Momiyama Hokota City

36,2004

140,5508

1080000036

Yatabe

Yatabe Ibaraki town

36,2915

140,4464

1080000037

Yoshizawa

Sawa Yoshi Mito City

36,3332

140,4622

1080000038

Kamitoda

Kamitoda Hokota City

36,2085

140,4722

1080000039

Tokushuku

Tokushuku Hokota City

36,1868

140,5061

1080000035

Momiyama

Momiyama Hokota City

36,2004

140,5508

1080000036

Yatabe

Yatabe Ibaraki town

36,2915

140,4464

1080000037

Yoshizawa

Sawa Yoshi Mito City

36,3332

140,4622

1080000038

Kamitoda

Kamitoda Hokota City

36,2085

140,4722

1080000039

Tokushuku

Tokushuku Hokota City

36,1868

140,5061

61

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. ,
00:00 23:50
10 2011. ( 144 ). (24 34)
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63

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67

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1. HodgeS.A., OttL.J. BWRSAR Calculations of reactor vessel debris

pours for Peach Bottom short-term station blackout // Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1990. 121. .327339.
2. HodgeS.A., PetekM. Assessment of two BWR accident management
strategies // Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1994. 148.
.185203.

79



2 3 -1


.., .., .., ..
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. 2002 .
52 ,
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86


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88


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91

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97

 -1:

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98


2 3 -1

.
.

.
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-1
.
, , , - ,
.

1. Haruo Fujimoto, Keisuke Kondo, Tomomichi Ito et al. Circumstances and

Present Situation of Accident Management Implementation in Japan //
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Light Water Power Reactor Installations / Nuclear Safety Commission of
Japan. [S.l.], 1992.
4. KajimotoM. et al. Evaluation of Technological Appropriateness of the
Implemented Accident Management Measures for BWR by Level 1 and
Level 2 PSA Methods // Workshop on the Implementation of Severe

99

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Accident Management Measures / OECD/CSNI/NEA, WGAMA, Paul

Scherrer Inst. [S.l.], 2001.
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ADAMS ML102870101. PSEG Nuclear LLC, NRC, USA,
30.09.2010.
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1981.
7. Reactor Safety Course / USNRC Technical Center, NUREG/CR-6042
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Nuclear Power In The United States And The Federal Republic Of
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Plant Components Important to Safety: Metal components of BWR
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15. NUREG/CR-5869 Identification and Assessment of BWR In-Vessel

Severe Accident Mitigation Strategies / ORNL. [S.l.], Oct. 1992
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13
4 -1 / . ., 2011.
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19. Operator Logs Operator Task Handover Journal, Mar.11, 2011 /
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Nisshi3_4.pdf.
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[S.l.], Mar.2011.
21. .., .., .. .
-1200/491 // . .
. . 2011. 29.

101


134
s 137s 2
-1
.., .., .., .., ..,
..

( 99/2009),
2, 10, 30 .


,
.

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, 102

 134s 137s
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.
, () . ,

134Cs:137Cs
[13].
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,

. /3
134
Cs 137Cs, 2 -1,
,
/3,
, .

134s
/3
/3
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/3 [5; 6]. 134Cs 134Cs 137Cs -

:
c134 C 133

e 134t + 134 t 1
,
2
134

c137 C 137 t ,

103

 -1:

C , ; 133 = 6, 2 137 = 6, 7
134Cs 137Cs; 134 = 1, 07 108 c 1
137 = 7, 28 1010 c 1 ;
133Cs, 134Cs:
= ( + I ) .
= 30 I = 460 133Cs; 0,5
. ~1017 2 1 2,5109c1.

c134 133
e 134t + 134 t 1

.
2
c137 137
t 134
,

c134 133

0, 2,
c137 137 134
.. 134Cs 137Cs.
a134 = 134 c134 a137 = 137 c137 ,
a134

0,
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133 3, 2 > 1.
a137
137 137
, 134Cs 137Cs (),
.
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104

 134s 137s
2 -1

-1000, [7].
,
-1000 : 3200 ,
79,6 , 70 , 4,4%.
/3. ,
. .1 () 134Cs ( ) 137Cs (
). 500 134Cs
137Cs, 500 134Cs 137Cs. , [7], : 134Cs,
137
Cs. , ,
/3, 134Cs , 22%, 137Cs 8%. .2
134Cs 137Cs, . ,
( ) 134Cs
() 137Cs.
7x1017

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

6x1017

1000
7x1017
6x1017

134

Cs

5x1017

5x1017

4x1017

4x1017

3x1017

3x1017

137

Cs

2x1017

2x1017

1x1017

1x1017

0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

. 1. () 134Cs 137Cs

-1000.
/3,
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
, [7]
5x1026
5x1026
4x1026

4x1026

105

137
26

3x10

Cs

26

3x10

1x1017

1x1017

0 -1:
100 200 300

400

400

5x1026

100

200

500

600

700

800

900

1000

300

500

600

700

800

900

4x1026

1000
5x1026
4x1026

137

Cs

3x1026

3x1026

2x1026

2x1026

1x1026

1x1026
134

Cs

0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

. 2. 134Cs 137Cs
-1000

[8] , 134Cs 137Cs ,

-1000. 4,4%

134

Cs

137

Cs

= 0, 0409 BU ,

(1)

BU , /.
.3
-1000: /3, (1), [6]. , , /3
[7; 8],
13%.

106

 134s 137s
2 -1
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2.0
1.8

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

Cs /137Cs

134

2.0

0521-2004

1.6

0.0

10

15

1.6

20

25

30

35

40

45

0.0

, / U

. 3. -1000.
/3, (1),
[7]

, , /3 134Cs 22%, 137Cs

8% 13%.

134Cs 137Cs,

2 -1
-1 /3

.
2 -1. , 2011.
, . . 1
2, .
Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) http://
www.iaea.org/pris/.
,

107

 -1:

. [9], , , .
1. ,

2,35

94000

, %

3,8

, /

45,0

. 4 134Cs
137
Cs ,
/3 [9]. [7; 8],
/3 ,
31%, , .3.

/3, , , .
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.4

Cs /137Cs

134

2.0

1.4
/ 3

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.8

G.K i r c h n er et al . 2012

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0.0

, / U

. 4. 134Cs 137Cs 2 -1,

/3 ( ) [9]
( )

108

 134s 137s
2 -1

[9] 134Cs 137Cs 20 . 0,874 ,

,
26,7 /U.
, 134Cs 137Cs 16,8 /U.
44,4%. /3 [9] 134Cs 137Cs
A

134

Cs

137

Cs

= 0,874 .

.2 (/U) ,
[9] /3.
2. (/U) ,
, [9]
/3

89
Sr
90
Sr
95
Zr
103
Ru
106
Ru
129
I
131
I
129m
Te
132
Te
134
Cs
136
Cs
137
Cs
140
Ba
140
La
144
Ce
235
U
238
U
239
Np
239
Pu
240
Pu
241
Pu

[9]
2,51016
2,51015
4,31016
3,61016
1,11016
7,3108
2,51016
1,21015
3,51016
2,81015
1,01015
3,21015
4,51016
4,81016
3,31016
1,2109
1,21010
4,11017
9,71012
1,41013
2,81015

/3
2,731016
1,651015
4,361016
3,231016
7,561015
5,6108
2,371016
1,191015
3,701016
1,741015
4,711014
2,041015
4,371016
4,371016
3,051016
1,73109
1,181010
4,411017
1,111013
8,081012
2,441015

, %
8,80
41,0
1,39
10,8
37,1
26,4
5,34
0,837
5,56
46,7
71,9
44,3
2,93
9,38
7,87
36,2
1,68
7,29
13,5
53,6
13,7

109

 -1:

.2 ,
.
[9] ,
20 2011 . . 3 /3. ,
/3 .
3. ,
20 2011.
/3

Cs:137Cs
Cs:137Cs
132
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136

[9]

5%
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20 2011.
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134
136

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110

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-1 /3
. . [7]
. /3

-1 11
2011. , 2011., , [9], /3.

1. .., .. //
. . .3. ; ,
1993. .134138.
2. .., .., .. . :
. .: ,
1990. 295.
3. BelyevS.T., BorovoyA.A., DeminV.F. et al. The Chernobyl source term //
Proceedings of a seminar on comparative assessment of the environmental
impact of radionuclides released during major nuclear accidents: Kyshtym,
Windscale, Chernobyl. Luxemburg; EUR: Report EUR 13574. [S.l.],
1991. P.7191.
4. ..
UO2 // . . 2009.
.106. .319328.
5. .., .., .. .
// . . 2009. .106. .250257.
6. .., .., ..

// . . .
111

 -1:

7. .., .., .., ..

: . .: , 1983.
8. -1000.
. 0521-2004.
9. KirchnerG., BossewP., De CortM. Radioactivity from Fukushima
Dai-ichi in air over Europe. Pt. 2: What can it tell us about the accident? // J. of Environmental Radioactivity. 2012. doi:10.1016/j.
jenvrad.2011.12.016.

112




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1. (

) / . .
275 13.05.2010.
2. : / . ... .9. .:
, 2008. 229.
3. /
. . 158 28.03.2003.
4. SkamarockW.C., KlempJ.B., DudhiaJ. et al. A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR/TN-475+STR / National Center
for Atmospheric Research. Boulder, CO, 2008.

136


-1

5. : . .: , 1991. .184.
6. Special Report on the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station / Inst. of Nuclear Power Operations. [S.l.], 2011.
7. .., .. . .:
, 1991. .68.
8. StohlA. et al. Xenon-133 and caesium-137 releases into the atmosphere
from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant: determination of the
source term, atmospheric dispersion, and deposition // Atmos. Chem.
Phys. Discuss. 2011. 11. .2831928394.
9. http://nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/pressreleases/fukushimadata.

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1. -
http://wikimapia.org.
2. -
http://www.openstreetmap.org/.
3. Japan statistical yearbook 2011 / Statistical Research and Training Inst.
[S.l.], 2011.
4. Assessment on the 66th day of projected external doses for populations
living in the north-west fallout zone of the Fukushima nuclear accident.
Outcome of population evacuation measures / IRSN, Directorate Of
Radiological Protection And Human Health. [S.l.], 28p. (Report
DRPH/2011-10).
5. Distribution map of radiation dose around Fukushima Dai-ichi&DaiNi NPP (as of July 11, 2011) / Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology (MEXT) // http://radioactivity.mext.go.jp/
en/1750/2011/07/1305904_0720.pdf.
6. Generic Procedures for Assessment and Response during a Radiological
Emergency / Intern. Atomic Emergency Agency. Vienna, 2000.
(IAEA TECDOC Series No. 1162).
7. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Annex A / United Nations
Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. New York,
2010. (UNSCEAR 2008 REPORT Vol.I).
8. RODOS. Model description of the late economics modeling. [S.l.],
2000. Rodos report RODOS(WG3)-TN(99)-62 (draft).
9. (-99/2009)
2.6.1.2523-09. ., 2009. 101.

153



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http://www.bousai.ne.jp, http://www.mext.go.jp,
http://www.tepco.co.jp, http://www.jaea.go.jp http://wwwcms.pref.fukushima.jp , 2012 .

.
156


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