Тема 3

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ШТАБОВ МИНИСТЕРСТВА СУХОПУТНЫХ ВОЙСК США

ACTIVE TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS

headquarters (HQ, hq) штаб; штабной

element (elm) подразделение; часть; составная часть
teamwork взаимодействие
Army Staff штаб сухопутных войск
General Staff (GS) общий штаб; общая часть штаба
Special Staff (SS) специальный штаб; специальная часть штаба
Personal Staff личный штаб
administration (admin) управление
training (tng) обучение
supply (sup) снабжение; снабжать
US Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) командование сухопутных войск США
Military District of Washington (MDW) отдельный военный
округ г. Вашингтона
Army Readiness Region район боевой готовности сухопутных войск
Readiness Group группа боевой готовности
Continental United States (CONUS); zone of континентальная часть США
interior (ZI)
area[theater] of war театр войны; театр военных действий
area [theater] of operations театр военных действий, операции
в масштабе всего ТВД
combat zone (CZ) зона боевых действий
(линии фронта до зоны коммуникаций)
communications zone (COMMZ) зона коммуникаций
unified command объединенное командование
specified command специальное командование
administrative (admin) административный, тыловой;
административно-хозяйственный
logistic(al) (log) тыловой; материально-технический

INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES

I. Найдите в тексте, расшифруйте и переведите сокращения:

HQ; DA; D.C.; mil; comp; DOD; comd; con; DN; DAF; SA; stf; CofS; mbr; JCS; NSC;
SECDEF; CSUSA; resp; msn; ARes; NG; def; spt; ops; CONUS; res; sup; CZ; COMMZ;
comms; ZI; admin spt; comdr; Svc; elm; CINC; log spt; FORSCOM.
II. Найдите в тексте и переведите словосочетания:

control of execution; command and control elements; to work in easy teamwork; jointly
planned combined operation; professional military staff; highest military-assistant; continental
army;civil disturbances; relief operations; under the direct control; administrative and logistic
support.

III. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты словосочетаний:

выполнять задачи; осуществлять совместные операции; начинать реорганизацию;

командование сухопутных войск на континентальной части; командование боевых
разработок; гражданская оборона; в военное время; объединять под названием; вести
боевые действия; полевая армия.

TEXT
ORGANIZATION — HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

The HQ, DA, housed in the Pentagon, Washington, D.C. is the place of final decision as
to Army affairs, and the nerve center for control of execution of the mil missions pertaining to
the Army. It is an organizational comp of the DOD. Cheated together- are the comd and con
elements of the DOD, and the DA, DN, and DAF, so they may work together in easy teamwork,
and operate together in jointly planned and executed combined operations.
The SA, a civilian, is the head of the Army who has the primary responsibility for the
affairs of Army establishment. He is assisted by other civilian officials and -by the Army Staff,
which is the professional mil stf at the HQ, DA. It consists of the CofS, the Army General Staff,
the Special Staff and the Personal Staff.The CofS is the highest mil assistant, or advisor to the
SA. He occupies the pinnacle position within the Army. He is ambr of the JCS and as a mbr
thereof is adviser to the President, the NSC, and the SECDEF. As CSUSA, his resp is to the SA
and includes the worldwide Army msn as well as its administration, training, and supply.The
Army initiated a reorganization of its major field commands in 1973. As a result of the
reorganization, the old Continental Army Command, the Combat Developments Command, and
the US Third Army were abolished. In their places, the new organization provides the US Army
Forces Command, US Army Training and Doctrine Command, US Army Development and
Readiness Command, US Army Security Agency, US Army Communications Command,
Military Traffic Management Command, US Army Criminal Investigation Command, US Army
Health Services Command, US Army Military District of Washington.
The three remaining continental armies now have the prime resp for supervising the
operations and readiness of Army reserve units. Subordinate to FORSCOM, these armies operate
through nine Army Readiness Regions. The geographical boundaries of the armies, First, Fifth,
and Sixth, as well as Army Readiness Regions, are shown on the included map.
 Boundaries of Continental Armies and Army Readiness Regions

Each Readiness region has a small stf to con Readiness Groups which will assist and
advise ARes and NG units on a day-to-day basis. The continental armies are also resp for civil
def planning, def of the Army areas, spt of forces engaged in civil disturbances, and planning for
and spt of relief ops for wide-spread natural disasters.
Areas outside the continental United States are called comds. In wartime, those areas
outside the CONUS which are involved in war are lumped together under the term “theater of
war.” The area (theater) of war is broken down into areas (theaters) of operations. Area of
operations is an area in which battles are conducted, including space necessary for res and sup.
The area of operations is further divided into combat zone and communications zone. The CZ is
occupied by the field armies. The COMMZ is occupied by those elms through which comms are
maintained with the ZI in the form of admin spt.

UNIFIED AND SPECIFIED COMMANDS

The necessity for a single comdr and stf for large comds composed of two or more Svcs
has been emphasized by the US military since the beginning of World War II. Thus in Africa, in
Europe, and in the Far East, the US forces of that period were organized and commanded on that
basis. Under the 1958 reorganization, the procedure was continued. With the advice and
assistance of the JCS, the President through the SECDEF is empowered to establish unified
comds composed of elms of two or more of the Svcs. The CINC of such a comd reports to the
SECDEF through the JCS. Important comds of one Svc, such as the Strategic Air Command, are
designated as specified comds and perform their msns under the direct con of the SECDEF and
the JCS in the same manner. There are now four Army comps of the unified comds: US Army,
Europe; Eighth US Army (Korea); US Army, Japan; US Army Forces Readiness Command.
Other unified comds, such as US Alaskan Command, US Southern Command, US Pacific
Command, also have Army elements who receive their admin and log spt from the FORSCOM.
 COMMENTARY

Термин army может означать сухопутные войска, армия как один из видов
вооруженных сил или оперативное объединение сухопутных войск, состоящее из
нескольких корпусов и дивизий, — армия. В этом случае для обозначения оперативного
объединения, используют, как правило, термин field army. При обозначении вида
вооруженных сил термин Army пишется с прописной буквы. В качестве препозитивного
определения термин означает принадлежность либо к сухопутным войскам (Army
Headquarters штаб сухопутных войск; Army Air Defense ПВО сухопутных войск), либо к
армии (army) как оперативному объединению (army combat area армейский район, район
боевых действий армии; army base базовый участок полевой армии), либо в широком
значении военный (army doctor военный врач, army language военный лексикон).

EXERCISES

IV. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the mission of the HQ, DA?

2. What does the Аrmу Staff consist of?
3. Who is the highest military adviser to the SA?
4. What major field commands is the DA organized into?
5. What are the responsibilities of the continental armies?
6. What geographical regions are the CONUS divided into?
7. What is the proper term for the areas outside the United States in peace time?
8. What does the term „area of war” mean?
9. What is an area of operations?
10. By what elements is a communications zone occupied?
11. What is the difference between a unified command and a specified command?
12. What Army components of unified commands do you know?

V. Расшифруйте и переведите сокращения:

DARCOM; USAS A; USACC; МТМС; MDW; stf; CONUS; CZ, ZI; T of 0; COMMZ;
SAC; ALCOM; USAREUR; USARJ; USSOUTHCOM; PACOM; admin; HQ; GS; SS; tng; sup;
FORSCOM; TRADOC; spt; AF; MC; CG; CINC; NSC; SECDEF; CIA; DOD; DA; DN; DAF;
CofS; CSUSA; CNO; CSUSAF; SA; SECNAV; SAF; JCS; secy; intel; dept; def.

VI. Составьте предложения со словосочетаниями:

to perform a mission; to have responsibility; theater of war; control of execution; to occupy

a position; to operate together; to operate in jointly planned operations; to execute a combined
operation; to conduct a battle; field army; to maintain communications; to establish a command.

VII. Переведите в быстром темпе:

Army Staff; в военное время; theater of operations; специальное командование; Army

Reserve; береговая охрана; to establish a command; вид вооруженных сил; Secretary of
Defense; штаб; staff; полевое командование; Chief of Naval Operations; сухопутные войска;
Joint Chiefs of Staff; главнокомандующий; Armed Forces; ЦРУ; Marine Corps; BBC; unified
command; общая часть штаба; General Staff; начальник штаба ВВС США.
VIII. Переведите письменно:

Вооруженные силы США на заморских территориях (в мирное время в зонах), а

также стратегическая авиация и войска ПВО страны сведены в объединенные и
специальные командования.
К объединенным командованиям относятся командования вооруженных сил США
в зонах Аляски, Атлантического океана, Тихого океана, Карибского моря и в Европейской
зоне, а также командование ПВО континентальной части США.
К специальным командованиям относятся стратегическое авиационное
командование и командование военно-морских сил США в зоне восточной части
Атлантического океана и на Средиземном море.
Командования подчиняются непосредственно министру обороны через комитет
начальников штабов.
Главнокомандующим объединенными командованиями предоставлено право
полностью решать вопросы использования выделенных им вооруженных сил,
руководствуясь при этом только указаниями министра обороны и комитета начальников
штабов.

IX. Переведите письменно:

In general, the Army, within the Department of the Army, includes land combat and
service forces and such aviation and water transport as may be organic therein. It is organized,
trained and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat incident to operations on land.
The Army can wage many forms of war: general, limited, nuclear, conventional,
counterinsurgent. It is responsible for the preparation of land forces necessary for the effective
prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint
mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of the Army to meet the
needs of war. While the objectives or missions of the Army remain unchanged through the years,
the Army itself undergoes continuing change in order to be able to best meet these objectives,
adapting its thinking and organization to new doctrine and equipment as they are developed.
Failure to make these adjustments would result in a loss of the capability and flexibility so
necessary to meet the exacting tasks assigned.