1

HELLO!
Спасибо, что ты решил обучаться вместе с нами! Мы уверены, что
тебе у нас понравится. В качестве небольшого приятного бонуса мы
бы хотели поделиться с тобой полезным материалом от нас.
Здесь ты найдёшь разные способы как улучшить свои навыки
английского языка, с небольшими инструкциями, которые могут
быть полезными. Все материалы отбирались тщательно, и если
будут какие-то вопросы, то ты всегда можешь обратиться к нам.
Надеемся увидеть твои успехи. И не забывай получать
удовольствие от изучения английского.
С любовью, команда JSI.

Отсканируй QR - код

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 Инструкция по использованию Wordlists.

1. Wordlists – это список основных слов, фраз и терминов которые

должен знать студент по окончанию уровня. Слова в Wordlists
соответствуют словарному запасу определённого уровня.
2. Знание слов обязательно для эффективного завершения уровня, но
ещё важнее способность их использовать. Для этого в столбике
Sentences вам необходимо придумывать предложения со словами из
столбика Words. Предложения не должны быть полностью
одинаковыми, должно быть разнообразие.
3. Для того чтобы полностью закончить Wordlist достаточно писать в
среднем 30 предложений в день.
4. Если у вас есть какие-то сомнения насчёт правильности слова или
предложения, то вы всегда можете спросить у преподавателя этот
момент.
5. Если же у вас не хватает времени для изучения слов, то вместо того
чтобы носить с собой Wordlists вы можете скачать приложение Quizlet
(удобное приложение для изучения новых слов) в Google Play market
(если у вас телефон на системе Android), либо из AppStore (Если у вас
IPhone). Вы должны зарегистрироваться там как студент. Далее будет
QR-код, просканировав который вам будет доступен весь список
Wordlists, в котором вам нужно будет изучать Слова вашего уровня.

←Ссылка на Quizlet –
Intermediate+

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FILE 1
ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
WORDS DEFINITION
active adj someone who does a lot of different
activities and has a lot of energy and
interests
addictive adj something that is addictive is so
enjoyable that you want to do it or
have it as often as possible
affordable adj cheap enough for ordinary people to
afford
aggressive adj behaving in an angry or rude way that
shows you want to fight, attack, or
argue with someone
ambitious adj someone who is ambitious has a strong
desire to be successful, rich, or
powerful
assertive adj behaving in a confident way in which
you are quick to express your opinions
and feelings
attractive adj very pleasing in appearance or sound
beautiful adj someone who is extremely attractive
bossy adj someone who keeps telling other people
what to do, in a way that annoys them
bright adj with strong colour, full of light
careful adj giving attention or thought to what you
are doing so that you avoid hurting
yourself or doing something wrong
careless adj who does not think about what they are
doing, so they make mistakes, hurt
people, or damage things
cheerful adj happy, and showing it by the way that
you behave
childish adj behaving in a silly and annoying way,
like a small child
comfortable adj feeling physically relaxed, without any
pain or other unpleasant feelings
creative adj involving a lot of imagination and new
ideas
dangerous adj likely to harm or kill someone, or to
damage or destroy something
dark adj lacking light
delicious adj with a very pleasant taste or smell
desirable adj that you would like to have or do
envious adj wanting to be in the same situation as
somebody else; wanting something that
somebody else has
expensive adj costing a lot of money
glamorous adj attractive and interesting in an
exciting and unusual way
greyish adj fairly grey in colour
healthy adj physically strong and not ill
helpful adj useful, or providing help
hopeful adj believing that something will happen
the way you want it to
hopeless adj if a situation is hopeless, it seems
very unlikely to succeed or improve
impressive adj (of things or people) making you admire
them, because they are very large,
good, skilful, etc.
impulsive adj acting suddenly without thinking
carefully about what might happen
because of what you are doing
incredible adj impossible or very difficult to believe
lucky adj having good luck
luxurious adj very comfortable; containing expensive
things that give pleasure
moody adj having moods that change quickly and
often
4
EXAMPLES
I needed to change my lifestyle and become
more active.
The problem with video games is that they're
addictive.
The restaurant serves good food at
affordable prices.
Aggressive behaviour is a sign of emotional
distress.
Her parents were intensely ambitious for her
and her younger sister.
You need to be more assertive to succeed in
business.
I find him very attractive.
Their mother was a very beautiful woman.
Stop being so bossy! You’re always telling
me what to do.
I prefer the bright blue one.
She’s really careful with money. She never
wastes any.
He’s really careless. He always breaks
things.
You’re always smiling. What makes you so
cheerful?
You need to grow up and stop being so
childish.
I don’t care about fashion. I just want to
feel
comfortable.
I want to work in a creative profession like
advertising or design.
Everyone drives too fast here. The roads are
really dangerous.
I wear a lot of dark clothes in the winter.
Have you tried that cake? It tastes
delicious!
Everyone wants to live there. It’s a really
desirable part of town.
I’m so envious. I really want one of those
cars.
That’s too expensive. Can we look for one
that costs less?
You always look so glamorous. How long does
it
take you to get ready?
It’s not black – it’s more greyish in
colour.
Your diet is really healthy. I eat too much
fatty food.
The staff were really helpful. They answered
all of my questions.
I’m hopeful I’ll get the job, but I won’t
know until Monday.
This is hopeless. We’ll never get there on
time.
His presentation was really impressive.
Everyone was listening for the whole hour.
Can’t you think about things more carefully?
You’re always so impulsive.
The views are incredible. You can see for
miles.
You’re lucky I know where we are going.
They only sell luxurious brands here. You’ll
find
cheaper things at other shops.
He’s so moody. You never know if he’s going
to be happy, sad, or angry. It’s exhausting!
navy blue adj a very dark blue colour My daughter’s school uniform is navy blue.
pale adj light in colour; containing a lot of We’re painting the room pale green.
white
powerful adj being able to control and influence He’s a rich and powerful businessman.
people and events
profitable adj that makes or is likely to make money He’s really rich. He has a very profitable
business.
possessive adj wanting to have all of someone’s love My girlfriend is really possessive. She
and attention; not willing to share doesn’t like me talking to other girls.
things
rebellious adj unwilling to obey rules or follow I was really rebellious as a teenager. I
generally accepted standards of never did what my parents wanted.
behaviour, dress, etc.
reliable adj someone who you can trust to behave It’s much less stressful working with
well, work hard, or do what you expect reliable people.
them to do
responsible adj having an obligation to do something, My daughter is only 14 but she’s very grown
or having control over or care for up and responsible.
someone
risky adj involving the possibility of something That idea is too risky. You could lose a lot
bad happening of money.
selfish adj caring only about yourself rather than He’s so selfish. He never thinks about
about other people others.
sensible adj (of people and their behaviour) able to I don’t see how any sensible person could
make good judgements based on reason agree with him.
and experience rather than emotion
sensitive adj likely to become angry or upset easily Don’t listen to them. You’re always so
sensitive about other people’s opinions.
sociable adj enjoying spending time with other She’s really sociable. She’ll talk to
people anyone.
spacious adj large and with plenty of space I need a more spacious office. I have too
many things for this space.
stressful adj causing a lot of worry My work is so stressful at the moment that I
just can’t relax.
stylish adj fashionable and attractive He always wears such stylish clothes. He’s
so fashionable.
successful adj used about someone who does well in He’s one of the most successful actors ever.
their career or business He has won so many prizes.
suitable adj right for a particular purpose, person, Can you find me a more suitable room? This
or situation one is too noisy.
helpful for doing or achieving Phones are so useful now. I can do
useful adj something everything I want to on mine.

More words in File 1

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
a wide range (of) a lot of things that are different from They sell a wide range of beautiful colours
each other with very unusual names.
actual adj used to emphasize something that is The actual cost was higher than we expected.
real or exists in fact
app n (also application) a program designed This smartphone app translates while you
to do a particular job talk.
associate…with ph v to make a connection between people or I always associate the smell of baking with
things in your mind my childhood.
attract v to make someone interested in something Flowers are often brightly-coloured to
so that they do it or come to see or attract bees and other insects.
hear it
average adj a typical amount, rate, degree, etc.; Average daily summer temperatures are about
norm 20°C .
beyond prep outside the range or limits of a This was almost beyond her ability to
subject, quality, or activity believe.
brand n a product or group of products that has What’s the name of the brand and model of
its own name and is made by one your computer?
particular company
career n a job or series of related jobs that He had a successful career in television
you do journalism.
chemical adj a substance used in chemistry or You must wear gloves when handling any of
produced by a process involving these chemicals.
chemistry
comment v to make a written or spoken remark, Researchers who read the report commented
especially giving an opinion that it had many errors.
commitment n a promise to do something or to behave He doesn’t like commitment. He always has a
in a particular way new girlfriend.
commute v to travel regularly to and from work I have a one-hour commute to work every day.
depressing-sounding something that sounds depressingly It’s such a depressing-sounding name.
ebook n a book that is available to be read You can download unlimited e-books for free.
digitally on an e-reader or tablet or
mobile phone
founder n a person who starts an organization, The founder of the company started it in
business or community 1976.

5
in control someone who is in control has the power You never panic and seem in control of your
to make decisions and decide what life.
should happen
mint green adj a light green color with a cool, bluish It’s an unusual green; kind of a mint green.
undertone
name after phr v give someone or something the name of I was named after my grandmother.
another person or place
nap adj a short sleep, especially during the I had a short nap after lunch.
day
old-fashioned adj not modern; no longer fashionable I think some religious names are now quite
old-fashioned.
optimistic adj hopeful about the future and tends to She’s very optimistic and always looks for
expect that good things will happen the positives.
ordinary adj normal or average, and not unusual or White tigers are much less common than
special ordinary tigers.
overall adv when everything is considered Overall, our position is stronger than it
was last year.
powder n a soft dry substance that looks like She put the washing powder into the machine.
dust or sand
preference n a practical advantage given to one over I don’t mind, but my preference would be to
others meet at 1 p.m.
pronounce v to say the sounds of letters or words Did I pronounce your name correctly?
restless adj unable to stay still or be happy where After five years in the job, he was
you are, because you are bored or need beginning to feel restless.
a change
subtle shade (of) a bit of shade or a hint The room was painted a subtle shade of pink.
wallpaper n thick paper that you stick on walls We hang the walls with wallpaper once a
inside a house to decorate them year.
wardrobe n a large cupboard for hanging clothes in I have a wardrobe full of clothes I never
wear.
analysis n the detailed study or examination of We made the decision based on our analysis
something in order to understand more of the situation.
about it
bill n a document that shows how much you owe The bill for dinner was really expensive.
somebody for goods or services
bizarre adj very strange or unusual Famous people often give their children
bizarre
names.
call … for short phr calling someone by a short name My name is Louise, but some people call me
v Lou for short.
caterpillar n a small creature like a worm with legs This caterpillar will become a beautiful
that develops into a butterfly or moth butterfly.
correspond v to be the same as something else, or If their statements correspond, we’ll have
very much like it no trouble.
crayon n a small stick of coloured wax used for My children like to colour in pictures using
drawing crayons.
creature n anything that lives except plants The blue whale is the largest creature in
the world.
critical adj expressing an opinion when you think He always finds negatives in people. He’s
something is wrong or bad very critical.
each other pron used for saying that each person or They really don’t like each other.
thing does something to the other or
others
gloss adj the shiny surface of something such as Shall we buy matt or gloss paint?
paper, paint, or a photograph
goddess n a female god; a woman of extraordinary They adored her as a living goddess.
beauty
hypochondriac n a person who worries a lot about their I worry about my health, and may be a bit of
health and thinks that they are ill a hypochondriac.
when they are not
isolated adj without much contact with other people I was so far away from everyone that I felt
or other countries really isolated.
ivory adj a pale colour between white and yellow I would say the colour of her wedding dress
was ivory, not white.
life expectancy n the number of years that a person is The life expectancy is around 80 years in my
likely to live country.
matt adj with a dull surface that is not shiny Will this paint give a gloss or a matt
finish?
monument n a building, column, statue, etc. built Lots of monuments are made of important
to remind people of a famous person or political people.
event
perception n an idea, a belief or an image you have The perception that he was lazy stayed with
as a result of how you see or him for decades.
understand something
persistent adj the act or fact of stubbornly I’m really persistent. I don’t give up
continuing to do something easily.
pine n an evergreen forest tree with leaves Our new table is made of pine.
like needles
prospects n pl an apparent probability of advancement, His job prospects aren’t good. There is too
success, profit, etc. much unemployment.

6
rank v to put someone or something into a
position according to their success,
importance, size etc
role model n someone whose behaviour is considered
to be a good example for other people
to copy
scale n the set of all the different levels of
something, from the lowest to the
highest
tulip n a colourful flower shaped like a cup
that grows on a long stem in spring
turquoise adj bright green-blue in colour
I rank her achievement very highly.
Which sportsperson from your country do you
think is a positive role model?
In the US, grades are given on a scale from
A (excellent) to D (poor).
Black tulips are far more expensive than
pink ones.
The sea was a pearly turquoise.

FILE 2
HOLIDAYS
WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
adaptor n a device for connecting pieces of I have a two-pin adaptor for use in Germany.
electrical equipment that were not
designed to fit together
climb a mountain Today, we’re going to climb a mountain. It’s
2,000 metres high so I hope you aren’t
scared of heights!
comb n a toothed strip of plastic, hard My hair is very fine so I only need a comb.
rubber, bone, wood, or metal, used for
arranging the hair
flip flops n a rubber shoe without a top or back Flip flops make me think of the beach and
summer.
get sunburnt phr v suffering from sunburn Don’t spend too long in the sun or you’ll
get sunburnt.
go camping phr v the activity of living in a tent, My children love being outdoors so we’re
usually for fun going to go camping this summer.
go hiking phr v the activity of walking for long We’re really active on holiday. We love to
distances in the countryside go hiking.
go on a (guided) a short journey around a building or Did you go on a guided tour round the
tour place with a person who tells you about castle?
what you are seeing
go on a boat trip We’re going to go on a boat trip on the
River
Thames.
go on a cruise a journey on a ship for pleasure, I want to go on a cruise around the
especially one that involves visiting a Mediterranean this summer.
series of places
go on a package a holiday arranged by a travel company I don’t want to go on a package holiday, I
holiday for a fixed price that includes the want
cost of your hotel and transport, and more freedom.
sometimes meals and entertainment
staycation n a holiday that you spend at or near Turn off your phone and computer—you’re on
your home staycation, remember?
go on a safari a journey, especially to Africa, in I’m going to go on a safari in Kenya this
order to watch, take pictures of, or year.
hunt wild animals
go sailing phr v the sport or activity of travelling The lake is great to go sailing on.
across water in a sailing boat
go scuba-diving / to swim under water with a container of The Red Sea is an amazing place to go scuba-
snorkelling phr v air on your back and a tube for diving.
breathing through or snorkel
go sightseeing phr v the activity of travelling around a I really want to go sightseeing when we’re
place to see the interesting things in in Rome.
it
go surfing phr v I used to go surfing every weekend when I
was
younger.
go waterskiing / I want to go skiing in the Alps this winter.
skiing
guidebook n a book for tourists that provides The guidebook says this restaurant is good
information about a place but
expensive.
hairdryer n a piece of electrical equipment used There’s a hairdryer in the hotel room.
for making your hair dry after you have
washed it
have a massage I feel so relaxed. You should have a massage
as well.
insect repellent n a substance applied to skin or clothing I need some insect repellent. I keep getting
which deters or repels insects bitten.
make-up n facial cosmetics, as eye shadow or My wife never wears any make-up. She gets
lipstick ready really quickly in the morning.

7
memory card n a very small, portable electronic The memory card is full. I’ll have to delete
device for flash-memory data storage, some pictures.
as in a digital camera or cell phone
nail scissors n pl scissors designed for cutting your Have you got any nail scisssors? My nails
nails are getting really long.
phone charger n a device that is used to recharge a Have you seen my phone charger? My battery
battery is nearly gone.
pyjamas n comfortable trousers and a shirt that I’m not taking my pyjamas. It will be too
you wear in bed hot at
night.
raincoat n a long coat made of light material that You’ll need your raincoat if you’re going to
you wear when it is raining Wales on holiday.
razor n a small tool or piece of electrical I need a shave. Have you seen my razor?
equipment used for shaving
sunbathe on the to sit or lie in the sun so that your I find it so relaxing when I sunbathe on the
beach skin becomes darker beach.
sunscreen n a cream that you can rub onto your skin It’s 30 degrees today. Don’t forget to put
to stop it from being burned by the sun sunscreen on the kids.
swimming trunks n pl a piece of clothing worn by men for I really don’t like swimming trunks. I much
swimming prefer shorts.
swimsuit n a piece of clothing worn for swimming, I’m going to the pool. Have you seen my
especially by women swimsuit?
toothbrush n a small brush used for cleaning your The dentist said I need a new toothbrush.
teeth
toothpaste n a soft thick substance that you put on We need more toothpaste. I used the last bit
a toothbrush to clean your teeth up this morning.
towel n a piece of material used for drying I’m going to put this towel on the balcony
your hands or body, or for drying to dry.
dishes
volunteer work n a person who does a job or some work I did volunteer work in Africa when I was a
without being paid or forced to do it student.
wash bag n a small bag for holding your soap, I’ve got a toothbrush and razor in my wash
toothbrush, etc. when you are bag.
travelling
watch the sunset sunset - the time when the sun goes We can watch the sunset at the end of the
down day from our balcony.

SHOPS AND SERVICES

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
baker’s n a place where bread and cakes are made I bought some fresh bread from the baker’s.
and/or sold
be out of phr v if you are out of something, you no I’m sorry, we’re out of light bulbs at the
longer have any of it moment, but we should be getting some in
soon.
butcher’s n the work of preparing meat to be sold Can you buy some chicken from the butcher’s?
chain store n a shop that is one of a series of You find chain stores like Starbucks
similar shops owned by the same everywhere.
company
chemist’s n a shop that sells medicines and Some shops, like a chemist’s, should be open
usually also soap, make-up, etc. 24/7.
close down phr v same as close Hotels are closing down all over the
country.
craft fair n an event at which people sell goods Everything at the craft fair is made by
they have made hand.
delicatessen (also a shop or part of one that sells I bought some lovely meat from the
deli) n cooked meats and cheeses, and special delicatessen.
or unusual foods that come from other
countries
DIY (Do It Yourself) a store that sells tools and equipment I got all the tools I need from the DIY
store n for the house and yard/garden store.
dry cleaner’s n a shop where clothes, curtains, etc. I got my suit cleaned at the dry cleaner’s.
are cleaned, especially with chemicals
estate agents n a company or business that sells and I bought my house through the estate agent’s
rents out buildings and land for on the high street.
clients
fishmonger’s n a shop that sells fish They have fresh fish every day in the
fishmonger’s.
florist’s n a shop that sells flowers and plants These flowers were from the florist’s in
town.
greengrocer’s n a shop that sells fruit and vegetables There are some lovely seasonal fruit and
vegetables in the greengrocer’s.
hairdresser’s n a place where you can get your hair At which hairdresser’s did you get your hair
cut, washed and shaped cut?
jeweller’s n a shop that sells jewellery and I bought this watch from the jeweller’s.
watches
launderette n a place where you can wash and dry I need to take this duvet to the launderette
your clothes in machines that you pay to wash it. It’s too big to wash at home.

8
 to use
look for phr v to search for someone or something He was looking for work as a builder.
look round phr v to visit a place or building, walking Do you need any help?
around it to see what is there No, thanks, I just want to look round.
market stall n a large table or a small building that This is my favourite market stall in Green
is open at the front, used for selling market.
things
newsagent’s n a shop selling newspapers and The newsagent’s sells newspapers, magazines,
magazines and sweets.
off-licence n a shop that sells alcoholic drinks This wine was from the local off-licence.
open up phr v same as open Donald wants to retire and open up a
bookshop.
stationer’s n a shop that sells stationery The stationer’s will have lots of different
coloured paper.
travel agent’s n a company that arranges travel and/or I never go to the travel agent’s. I always
hotels for people going on a vacation book my holidays online.
or a trip
try on phr v to put on a piece of clothing to see Is there somewhere I can try on this
if it fits and how it looks sweater?

Useful words and phrases

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
activity n a thing that you do for interest or The club provides a wide variety of
pleasure activities including tennis, swimming and
squash.
aim n the purpose of doing something; what Teamwork is required in order to achieve
somebody is trying to achieve these aims.
arrange v to plan or organize something in I need to arrange accommodation for my trip.
advance
at the bottom of the lowest part of something If you look at the bottom of the list it
should be there.
boarding pass n a card that you show before you get on I can’t find my boarding pass! My flight is
a plane or boat boarding at 11.00 a.m.
communities n pl all the people who live in a particular She comes from a small island community.
area, country, etc. when talked about
as a group
destination n a place to which somebody/something is This holiday destination is popular among
going or being sent all
nationalities.
disappear v to stop existing The problem won't just disappear.
effort n an attempt to do something especially You need to make more effort at school. Your
when it is difficult to do teachers say you must try harder.
engage in phr v to take part in a particular activity Seventy-five per cent engage in some kind of
sporting activity.
high street n the main street of a town, where most To try to save their high street, some towns
shops, banks, etc. offer free parking.
illustration n a picture, drawing, or photograph used A children’s book with beautiful
for decorating a book or explaining illustrations
something
influence v the effect that a person or thing has How does the place where you live influence
on someone’s decisions, opinions, or what you buy?
behaviour or on the way something
happens
be keen on adj extremely enthusiastic about something I am really keen on holidays that offer
sporting
activities.
leave behind phr v to forget to take someone or something It wasn’t until she was halfway home that
with you she realized that she’d left her purse
behind.
mainly adv used for talking about the largest or Overall, does she feel mainly positive or
most important part of something mainly negative about her job?
organic adj not using chemicals I prefer organic food, even if it is more
expensive.
performance n the act of performing a play, dance, or The first performance of the opera was in
other form of entertainment 1936.
photo frame n a flat object with a clear front I need a new photo frame for this picture.
surface used to put a photograph in
repetitive adj saying or doing the same thing many The job is very repetitive. I do the same
times, so that it becomes boring thing every day.
replace v to remove somebody/something and put The thieves replaced the original painting
another person or thing in their place with a copy.
reveal v
struggle v to try very hard to do something when Many small shops struggle to make money.
it is difficult or when there are a lot
of problems
typical adj like most people or things of the same I look like a typical tourist.
type

9
undisputed adj that cannot be questioned or proved to Doctors found undisputed evidence of nerve
be false damage.
unique adj being the only one of its kind His designs have a unique brand of
stylishness.
unwanted adj that you do not want Second-hand shops sell unwanted products to
other people.
wooden adj made of wood The room was full of wooden furniture.
admit v to say that you have done something When something is your fault, you should
wrong or illegal; to agree that admit it rather than cover up your mistake.
something is true
backpack n a bag that you carry on your back I’m taking a backpack as my luggage.
car-sharing n a type of car rental Car-sharing is good for the environment.
commercial adj making or intended to make a profit Mother’s Day and Father’s Day are just
commercial opportunities for shops to sell
more.
conduct v to organize and/or do a particular We should conduct a survey to find out the
activity most popular holiday destination.
consider v to think about something carefully, I’ve never wanted to go scuba-diving before,
especially in order to make a decision but I would consider trying it on holiday.
cushion n (also pillow) a cloth bag filled with I need a cushion. This chair is so
soft material or feathers that is used, uncomfortable.
for example, to make a seat more
comfortable
extremely adv to a very high degree She's been extremely patient about it all.
fee n an amount of money that you pay for How much is the entrance fee?
professional advice or services
frugal adj small, plain and not costing very much We're planning a frugal Christmas.
globe n the world (used especially to emphasize People from across the globe visit Paris.
its size)
glorious adj very beautiful and impressive These are our glorious traditions.
hand-painted adj painted by a person and not by a All the cups and vases are hand-painted.
machine
hoses n pl a long tube made of rubber, plastic, They used special high-pressure hoses to
etc., used for putting water onto help them put out the fires.
fires, gardens, etc.
hotelier n a person who owns or manages a hotel The hotelier who welcomed us was extremely
polite.
orphanage n a home for children whose parents are I helped in an orphanage looking after the
dead children.
personalized adj marked in some way to show that it I got a personalized watch for my 18th
belongs to a particular person birthday.
pros and cons advantages and disadvantages We need to think about the pros and cons
before we decide.
quirky adj a little strange I like his quirky sense of humour.
realize v to understand or become aware of a It took me a while to realize that I
particular fact or situation couldn’t be without her.
recognize v to know who somebody is or what He has changed so much that I didn’t
something is when you see or hear them recognize him.
or it, because you have seen or heard
them or it before
reverse n the machine in a vehicle used to make Put the car into reverse.
it move backwards
routine n the normal order and way in which you She follows the same routine every day.
regularly do things
seem v to give the impression of being or The numbers seem to be right, but I’m not
doing something sure.
stroke n a sudden serious illness when a blood She had a massive stroke and lost her
vessel (= tube) in the brain bursts (= speech.
breaks open) or is blocked, which can
cause death or the loss of the ability
to move or to speak clearly
suppose v to think or believe that something is I suppose he will be late, as usual.
true or possible
upmarket adj in a way that involves buying or I like upmarket restaurants, but they cost
selling goods and services that are so much.
expensive and of high quality
X-ray n a photograph made by X-rays, especially I had an X-ray to see if my foot was broken.
one showing bones or organs in the body

FILE 3
PHOTOGRAPHY
WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
behind prep at the back of somebody/something The shop is behind the museum.
blurred adj not clear; without a clear outline or A photo can be blurred if you move when you
shape are taking it.
flash n a piece of equipment that produces a This camera has a built-in flash.
bright light for a very short time

10
in front of the opposite of behind You’ll find the post office in front of the
cinema.
in the background the part of a picture, photograph or You can see their house in the background of
view behind the main objects, people, the photo.
etc.
in the bottom right- That’s my sister in the bottom right-hand
hand corner corner.
in the centre the middle point or part of something My parents are standing in the centre.
in the distance far away but still able to be seen or You can see the church in the distance.
heard
in the foreground the part of a view, picture, etc. that All of the small children are in the
is nearest to you when you look at it foreground.
in the top right-hand That’s our house in the top right-hand
corner corner.
lens n a piece of equipment that is part of a With good cameras you can use different
camera lenses.
on top of the highest part or point of something You can see our cat on top of the table.
opposite on the other side of a particular area My mum is sitting opposite Colin.
from somebody/something and usually
facing them
out of focus adj not able to produce a clear, sharp A photo can be out of focus if you move when
image you are taking it.
photogenic adj looking attractive in photos She's very photogenic so the camera just
loves her.
photograph n a picture that is taken with a camera Betty took a photograph of us.
photographer n a person who takes photos I think she'll be successful as a
photographer.
photography n the skill of taking photos He did fashion photography for Vogue
magazine.
portrait setting n many cameras have a portrait setting to You can change portrait settings on your
use when you want to take a photo of a phone.
person
zoom in phr v you zoom in when you are far away from The camera zoomed in on the actor's face.
something and you want to take a close-
up of it

Useful words and phrases

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
angle n a position from which you look at If you change the angle of your photos you can
something make them more interesting and unusual.
anti-social behaviour behavior where a person disregards the The aim of the new rule is to reduce crime and
n feelings of others antisocial behaviour.
baby n a very young child She’s married and has a six-month-old baby.
babysitter n a person who takes care of babies or She couldn't always afford a babysitter.
children
back up ph v to prepare a second copy of a file, Make sure you back up your files.
program, etc.
ban v to decide or say officially that She proposed that the book should be banned.
something is not allowed
buggy n a type of light folding chair on wheels You see lots of mothers pushing their babies
in which a baby or small child is in a
pushed along buggy.
child n a young human who is not yet an adult I was an only child so I didn’t have as much
opportunity to be as naughty as other kids.
curfew n a law that says that people must not go The new curfew is in place between 9 p.m. and
outside after a particular time at 6 a.m.
night until the morning
data centre n a large network of computer servers, The company is building a new data centre to
typically used by organizations for provide additional computing capacity.
storing, processing or sharing large
amounts of data
deck n the top outside floor of a ship or boat When we heard the alarm, we went up on deck.
deteriorate v to become worse Too soft fruits will say that inside they
begin to deteriorate.
digital adj connected with the use of computer He's just bought a new digital camera.
technology, especially the internet
discriminatory adj unfair; treating somebody or one group While some have called the decision
of people worse than others discriminatory, others agree with it.
erase v to remove something completely Please erase her name from the list.
fine n a sum of money that must be paid as I got a parking fine for parking on double
punishment for breaking a law or rule yellow lines.
flash drives n pl a small memory device that can be used Impress your coworkers with this gold brick
to store data from a computer or USB flash drive.
digital camera and to move it from one
device to another
gunshots n pl the firing of a gun; the sound of it Films with gunshots are usually not shown.
being fired
hard drive n a device that stores computer The hard drive whirred as I copied the files.
information

11
in his / her early (=20-23) My son left home in his early twenties.
twenties
in his / her late (=47-49) She finished work in her late forties.
forties
in his / her mid- (= 34-36) She had children in her mid-thirties.
thirties
jail n a prison Three prisoners escaped from a jail.
middle-aged adj neither young nor old I hate being middle-aged. I want to be young
again.
pensioner n a person who is receiving a pension, A pensioner can ride for free on the bus when
especially from the government they are 65.
perspectives n (in photography) the spatial awareness If you change the angle or the perspective of
between objects within the scene you your
are capturing photos you can make them more interesting and
unusual.
pose v to sit or stand in a particular It’s better to pose standing up than sitting
position in order to be painted, drawn down.
or photographed
pre-teen adj connected with young people of about 11 I have a pre-teen class; the students are all
or 12 years of age aged 11 or 12.
quarrel v to have an angry argument or When I was a teenager I used to quarrel with
disagreement my
sister.
subject n a thing or person that is being In most photos, the subject is looking at the
discussed, described or dealt with camera.
teenager n a person who is between 13 and 19 years Were you a rebellious teenager?
old
toddler n a child who has only recently learnt to Our toddler has started nursery.
walk
viewer n a person who looks at or considers This can make a photo more interesting – the
something viewer wants to know what the person is
looking at.
affect v to produce a change in The high costs affect attendance at matches.
somebody/something
allow v to let somebody/something do something They won’t allow you to park here without a
permit.
army n a large organized group of soldiers who My dad was in the army so my family moved
are trained to fight on land around a lot.
bookworm n a person who likes reading very much I read so many books. I am a real bookworm.
branch n a part of a tree that grows out from A snake winds around a branch.
the main stem
changeable adj likely to change; often changing The weather didn’t use to be this changeable.
conflict n a situation in which people, groups or I think I’m still someone who avoids conflict.
countries disagree strongly or are I hate fighting.
involved in a serious argument
corridor n a long narrow passage in a building Her office is at the end of the corridor.
creep v to move slowly, quietly and carefully, I tried to creep down the corridor quietly.
because you do not want to be seen or
heard
damage v to have a bad or harmful effect on Experts disagree about how much damage this
something/somebody can do, but the damage is real.
destroy v to damage something so badly that it no The school was completely destroyed by fire.
longer exists, works, etc.
discuss v to talk about something with somebody, We should sit down and discuss the situation
especially in order to decide something together.
entire adj whole I've wasted an entire day on this.
fade v to disappear gradually Over time, memories can fade or disappear.
frilly adj having a lot of frills I used to wear a pink frilly dress.
girly adj thought to be suitable for or typical I was a good mix between a ‘girly’ girl and a
of girls, not boys tomboy.
guardian n a person who protects something/someone He acted like a father or guardian.
harmful adj causing damage or injury to Some groups of people are trying to stop it
somebody/something because they think it’s harmful and unfair.
headlines n pl the title of a news article printed in What do the headlines in the newspapers say?
large letters
hide v to go somewhere where you hope you will My children always hide from me, but it’s easy
not be seen or found to find them.
high-tech adj very modern These new computers are all very high-tech.
magnet n a piece of iron that attracts objects A magnet attracts iron and steel.
made of iron towards it
mix n a combination of different people or I eat a healthy mix of fresh vegetables and
things fruit.
naughty adj behaving badly; not willing to obey I’d say I was a naughty child.
obsolete adj no longer used because something new Technology becomes obsolete the older it gets.
has been invented
onto prep used with verbs to express movement on The mouse ran onto the table.
or to a particular place or position
pavement n a flat part at the side of a road for Don’t ride your bike on the pavement.
people to walk on
playground n an outdoor area where children can play I don’t think teenagers should be allowed in

12

preserve v to keep something in its original state
in good condition
rely v to trust or have faith in
somebody/something
robberies n pl the crime of stealing money or goods
scenery n the natural features of an area, such
as mountains, valleys, rivers and
forests
spa n a place where people can relax and
receive health and beauty treatments
tablet n a small computer that is easy to carry,
with a large touch screen and usually
without a physical keyboard
tomboy n a young girl who enjoys activities and
games that are traditionally considered
to be for boys
treat v behave towards somebody/something
turbulence n a series of sudden and violent changes
in the direction that air or water is
moving in
unfair adj not right or fair according to a set of
rules or principles; not treating
people equally
well-behaved adj behaving in a way that other people
think is polite or correct
FILE 4
RUBBISH AND RECYCLING
WORDS DEFINITION
bin n a container that you put waste in
bin bag n a large plastic bag for putting rubbish
in
bottle n a glass or plastic container, used
especially for storing liquids
can n a metal container in which food and
drink is sold
cardboard box n boxes which are made from cardboard
carton n a light box or pot made of thick card
or plastic for holding goods,
especially food or liquid
dustman n a person whose job is to remove waste
from outside houses, etc.
give away phr v to give something as a gift
jar n a round glass container, with a lid,
used for storing food
landfill site n an area of land where large amounts of
waste material are buried under the
earth
lid n a cover over a container that can be
removed or opened by turning it or
lifting it
packet n a small container made of paper or card
in which goods are packed for selling
plastic bag n a type of container made of thin,
flexible, plastic film
polystyrene tray n form of food packaging
reapply v to use something again
recycle v to treat things that have already been
used so that they can be used again
repay v to pay back the money that you have
borrowed from somebody
replay v a game that is played again because
neither side won in the previous game
rethink v to think again about an idea, a course
of action, etc., especially in order to
change it
reuse v to use something again
rubbish n things that you throw away because you
13
the
children’s playground.
It may be too late to save Grandma’s photos,
but you can still preserve yours.
Can I rely on you to finish this in time?
In the last year, the area has seen a large
number of robberies by young people.
Do you prefer taking photos of scenery or
portraits of people?
I’m having a massage at the spa.
I play lots of games and do some emails on my
tablet.
I was just coming out of my tomboy stage.
Don't treat people as robots.
The turbulence caused the plane to turn over.
He accused his teacher of unfair marking.
The children are well-behaved and keen to
learn.
EXAMPLES
Can you empty the bin? It’s full of rubbish.
We need a new bin bag in the bin.
I drink a bottle of water with dinner.
Can I have a can of cola?
The cereal is in that cardboard box.
I had a small carton of juice.
The dustman collects the bins every week.
I’m moving house in a few weeks, and I’ve
decided to give away a lot of books and
clothes to a charity shop.
Can you open this jar of jam for me, please?
Too much rubbish is buried in the ground in
landfill sites.
The lid won’t open. Can you help?
Would you like a packet of crisps ?
I take my own bag so I don’t have to use a
plastic
bag.
The chips came in a polystyrene tray.
You should reapply sunscreen every hour if you
have fair skin.
There’s a bottle bank at the local supermarket
where you can recycle all your glass bottles
and jars.
When are you going to repay them the money you
borrowed?
They will have to replay the match next
Saturday.
If you’re not sure about the project, you
should
rethink the whole thing.
Many supermarkets now charge extra for plastic
bags. They prefer customers to have shopping
bags which they can reuse.
Some people just dump their rubbish in the
 no longer want or need them
sell-by date n the date printed on food packages, etc.
after which the food must not be sold
take away phr v if you take something away from
someone, you remove it from them, so
that they no longer possess it or have
it with them
take out phr v to remove something from a pocket, bag
etc
throw away phr v to get rid of something that you no
longer want
tin n a metal container with a lid, used for
keeping food in
tub n a small, wide plastic or paper
container with a lid, used for food,
etc.
waste n materials that are no longer needed and
are thrown away
waste-paper basket n a basket or other container for waste
paper, etc.
wrapper n a piece of paper, plastic, etc. that is
wrapped around something, especially
food, when you buy it in order to
protect it and keep it clean
STUDY AND WORK
WORDS DEFINITION
apply for a job to make an official request for a job
attend an interview to be present at an interview
campus n the buildings of a university or
college and the land around them
dissertation n a long piece of writing on a particular
subject, especially one written for a
university degree
experience n the knowledge and skill that you have
gained through doing something for a
period of time
faculties n pl a department or group of related
departments in a college or university
get a job offer to get an invitation from an employer
to work in a specific paid role
hall of residence n a building for university or college
students to live in
have an interview to talk and answer questions at a
formal meeting held to see if you are
suitable for a job or a course
lectures n pl a talk that is given to a group of
people to teach them about a particular
subject, often as part of a university
or college course
look out for job to keep trying to find a job
vacancies
postgraduates n pl a person who already holds a first
degree and who is doing advanced study
or research; a graduate student
professors n pl a university teacher of the highest
rank
qualifications n pl a skill or type of experience that you
need for a particular job or activity
referee n a person who gives information about
your character and ability, usually in
a letter, for example when you are
applying for a job
skills n pl the ability to do something well
thesis n a long piece of writing that is the
final part of an advanced university
degree
tutor n a teacher in a college or university
undergraduates n pl a student who is studying for a first
degree at a college or university
work as an intern a student who is getting practical
experience in a job, sometimes without
pay
14
river.
How old are they? What’s the sell-by date?
A maid came to take away the tray.
Please could you take out the rubbish? I did
it yesterday.
If that pen doesn’t work, just throw it away.
I hate having pens around that don’t work.
I need a tin of tomatoes for the sauce.
There’s a tub of ice cream in the freezer.
We recycle over 50% of our waste.
I have a small waste-paper basket in my
office.
Don’t throw your chocolate wrapper on the
floor.
EXAMPLES
As soon as I graduate I’m going to apply for a
job.
I have to attend an interview for a new job on
Monday.
The main university campus is located around
Gower Street.
At the end of the course I need to write a
20,000 word dissertation.
I have five years of experience as a lawyer.
We have faculties in Science, Social Science,
and
Business.
You might have to attend several interviews
before you get a job offer.
Many students, particularly first year
undergraduates and overseas students, live in
halls of residence.
I’m going to have an interview tomorrow.
Students must attend lectures.
I’m looking out for job vacancies but there is
no
work.
Postgraduates are students who are studying
for a Masters or PhD.
UCL has around 4,000 academic and research
staff and 650 professors.
What qualifications do you have that make you
right for the job?
You’ll need someone to be your referee and
write about how good you are.
I have the skills to be a mechanic.
During a PhD students have to write a doctoral
thesis.
Course tutors usually run seminars.
Undergraduates usually study for three years
for
their degree.
In the summer I’m going to work as an intern.
write a CV / covering CV - a written record of your education
letter and the jobs you have done, that you
send when you are applying for a job;
covering letter - a letter that you
send with something explaining the
contents of the document, etc. that you
are sending
Useful words and phrases
WORDS DEFINITION
A-level n a British exam taken in a particular
subject, usually in the final year of
school at the age of 18
accurate adj correct and true in every detail
antiques n pl an object such as a piece of furniture
that is old and often valuable
applicant n a person who makes a formal request for
something
automatic adj always happening as a result of a
particular action or situation
comedian n a person whose job is to make people
laugh by giving a funny performance
degree n the qualification obtained by students
who successfully complete a university
or college course
delivery service n the pickup of one or more local
products from a local merchant and
delivery of the local products to a
customer
demand n a very strong request for something;
something that somebody needs
door to door adj going or made by going to each house in
a neighborhood
estimate v o form an idea of the cost, size, value
etc. of something, but without
calculating it exactly
exploit v to use something well in order to gain
as much from it as possible
explorer n someone who travels to a place that
other people do not know much about in
order to find out what is there
gravel n small stones, often used to make the
surface of paths and roads
guarantee n a formal promise that you will do
something or that something will happen
handle v to deal with a situation, a person, an
area of work or a strong emotion
internship n a period of time during which a student
or new graduate gets practical
experience in a job
lung n either of the two organs in the chest
that you use for breathing
management n the activity of running and controlling
a business or similar organization
minimum n the smallest or lowest amount that is
possible
quantities n pl an amount or a number of something
sand n a substance that consists of very small
fine grains of rock
second-hand adj not new; owned by somebody else before
specialized adj designed or developed for a particular
purpose or area of knowledge
torch n a small electric lamp that you can hold
in your hand and carry with you
unlocked adj not locked
unpaid adj not receiving payment for work that
they do
unused adj not being used at the moment
wage n a regular amount of money that you earn
15
It took me hours to write a CV and covering
letter, but now I can use them for lots of
jobs.
EXAMPLES
Applicants should have qualifications such as
an
A-level in mathematics or biology.
It’s important to be accurate when reporting
what
others say.
He loves everything old. He collects lots of
different antiques.
The job applicant must have good verbal skills.
Where I come from, it’s automatic: at age 11
you get a job.
The comedian was really funny.
If I get a good degree, I’ll be able to find an
interesting job.
The other job was working with my granddad for
a
frozen-food delivery service.
Cold drinks are in demand in the summer.
Joe sold vacuum cleaners door to door for
years.
I would estimate that the outside wall is about
2.5
metres tall.
We need to make sure that we exploit our
resources as fully as possible.
His father is an Arctic explorer.
I have gravel on my drive.
There was no guarantee of a contract at the end
of the internship.
You need to handle this work of art carefully –
it’s
very expensive.
For many young graduates, starting out in a new
career means taking an unpaid internship.
He has a serious lung disease.
The company does not do well, because the
management is so poor.
The ideal candidate will have a minimum of two
years’ experience.
They contain small quantities of metals such as
platinum, which is used to make jewellery.
My shoe was full of sand after going to the
beach.
It’s good to recycle and reuse second-hand
mobiles.
Many phones are then passed to specialized
repair centres.
He used a torch to see into the dark cupboard.
The door was left unlocked so anyone could go
in.
The office is staffed by unpaid volunteers.
What do you think restaurants or supermarkets
in
your town should do with unused food?
The minimum wage was set at ￡3.20 an hour.
More words in File 4
WORDS DEFINITION
bottle bank n a large container in a public place
where people can leave their empty
bottles so that the glass can be used
again
brain damage n permanent damage to the brain caused by
illness or an accident
breadcrumbs n pl very small pieces of bread that can be
used in cooking
combination n two or more things joined or mixed
together to form a single unit
conservation project programmes undertaken by conservation
and environmental organizations to
protect biodiversity, wildlife, wild
places or endangered species
convince v to make somebody/yourself believe that
something is true
council n a group of people who are elected to
govern an area such as a city or county
cover v to place something over or in front of
something in order to hide, protect or
decorate it
disturbing adj making you feel anxious and upset or
shocked
handler n a person who carries or deals with
something as part of their job
humiliating adj making somebody feel ashamed or stupid
and lose the respect of other people
landline n a phone connection that uses wires
carried on poles or under the ground
lead n a heavy, bluish-gray, soft, ductile
metal
melt down phr v to heat a metal until it becomes
liquid, especially in order to make
something new from it
nickel n a chemical element that is a hard
silver metal
pocket money n a small amount of money that parents
give their children, usually every week
or every month
PR (public relations) the business of giving the public
n information about a particular
organization or person in order to
create a good impression
release to make a film, game, album etc
available for people to see or buy
retake v to take an exam or a test again
rigorous adj demanding that particular rules,
processes, etc. are strictly followed
shelf-stacker n person whose job is to fill shelves
with goods to be sold, especially in a
supermarket
slave labour n work that is very hard and very badly
paid
species n a plant or animal group whose members
all have similar general features and
are able to produce young plants or
animals together
stainless steel n a type of steel that does not rust
unthinkable adj impossible to imagine or accept
vegan n a person who does not eat any animal
products such as meat, milk or eggs
FILE 5
TELEVISION
WORDS DEFINITION
be on v being shown by television
16
EXAMPLES
Don’t put wine bottles in the rubbish. We need
to
take them to the bottle bank.
The phone’s electrical circuits contain lead,
which
can cause brain damage.
Have you been using my laptop? It’s covered in
breadcrumbs.
What an unusual combination of flavours!
In Summer 2008 I joined a conservation project
in the Peruvian Amazon.
I was knocking on people’s doors to try to
convince them to buy something.
The local council is in charge of repairing
roads.
Can you cover the sofa with a blanket?
This is especially disturbing since four
million people in Britain can’t afford a
healthy diet.
A fine art mover is seeking to fill a vacancy
for the
position of Art Handler.
I did two humiliating Saturday jobs.
I'll call you later on the landline.
Lead fuses at a low temperature.
The plastics in phones can be melted down to
be
made into traffic cones.
Batteries contain nickel.
My dad never gave me a penny of pocket money
after the age of 11.
He set up shop as an independent PR
consultant.
I bought it the day it was released.
If I can get a job, I might not retake my
exams.
They go through very rigorous security checks
before entering Canada.
I worked as a shelf-stacker in a supermarket.
The conditions are so bad it’s like slave
labour.
That species disappeared in the Ice Age.
Good stainless steel pressure cookers cost
around ￡40.
It would be unthinkable to ask him to do that.
The menu changes weekly and usually includes a
vegan option.
EXAMPLES
What time will the movie be on?
cartoons (also a film or TV show made by photographing
animation) n a series of gradually changing drawings
or models, so that they look as if they
are moving
chat shows n a television or radio programme in
which famous people are asked questions
and talk in an informal way about their
work and opinions on various topics
commercials (also an advertisement on television, on the
adverts) n radio or on a website
cookery programmes n a television genre that presents food
preparation
current affairs a genre of broadcast journalism in
programmes n which major news stories are discussed
at length in a timely manner
documentaries n a film or a radio or television
programme giving facts about something
drama series n a category or genre of narrative
fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to
be more serious than humorous in tone
live sport n broadcasting of sports events
period dramas n a television or film production set in
a particular historical period and
characterized by the use of costumes,
sets, and props that are typical or
evocative of the era
quiz shows n a television or radio light
entertainment program in which people
compete in a quiz, typically for prizes
reality shows n a programme on TV that does not use
professional actors but shows real
events and situations involving
ordinary people
remote control n a device that allows you to operate a
television, etc. from a distance
screen n the flat surface at the front of a
television, computer, or other
electronic device
sitcoms n pl a regular comedy programme on
television that shows the same
characters in different funny
situations
soap n a story about the lives and problems of
a group of people that is broadcast
every day or several times a week on
television or radio
speakers n pl the part of a radio, computer or piece
of musical equipment that the sound
comes out of
switch over v to change stations on a radio or
television
turn down phr v to reduce the noise, heat, etc.
turn off phr v to stop the flow of electricity, gas,
water, etc.
turn on phr v to start the flow of electricity, gas,
water, etc.
turn up phrv to increase the sound, heat, etc.
weather forecast n a description, for example on the radio
or television, of what the weather will
be like tomorrow or for the next few
days
THE COUNTRY
WORDS DEFINITION
barn n a large farm building for storing grain
or keeping animals in
bush n a plant that grows thickly with several
hard stems coming up from the root
cliff n a high area of rock with a very steep
side, often at the edge of the sea or
ocean
17
My childen love watching Disney cartoons.
Chat shows are just a way for famous people to
sell
things.
There are commercials nearly every five
minutes
here.
Cookery programmes often focus on the food of
a
particular country.
I really enjoy current affairs programmes
about
world political issues.
My son loves watching documentaries,
especially
about nature.
Many drama series are based on famous novels.
Often you can only watch live sport on TV if
you pay
for it.
Britain is famous for period dramas such as
Downton
Abbey.
I find most quiz shows quite challenging.
Reality shows like Big Brother are becoming
less
popular.
Can you pass the remote control? I want to
watch
something else.
I think the screen needs cleaning. It looks
really dirty.
Sitcoms make me laugh.
Soaps are some of the most popular shows in
the
world.
The speakers give cinema-quality sound.
Can you switch over to the football?
Can you turn down the volume? It’s so loud.
Turn off the TV before you come to bed.
My daughter turns on the TV as soon as she
gets up.
Can you turn up the sound? I can’t hear it.
The weather forecast constantly changes and is
never very accurate.
EXAMPLES
The weather was so bad we put all the animals
in the
barn.
Look at that bird sitting on top of the bush.
I love to walk along the cliff near the sea.
cockerel n a young male chicken The cockerel is so loud he wakes everyone up
in the
morning.
fence n a structure made of wood or wire I have a new fence between mine and my
supported with posts that is put neighbour’s
between two areas of land as a garden.
boundary, or around a garden, field,
etc.
field n an area of land in the country used for I love looking over the field at the end of my
growing crops or keeping animals in garden.
gate n a barrier like a door that is used to There is a gate to the back garden at the side
close an opening in a fence or a wall of my
outside a building house.
grow v to make plants grow We grow carrots, cabbages, and peas on our
farm.
harvest v to cut and gather a crop; to catch a As a child, I always wanted to help harvest
number of animals or fish to eat the crops
on my parents’ farm.
hedge n a row of bushes or small trees planted Look over that hedge at the end of the field.
close together, usually along the edge
of a field, garden or road
hens n female chickens. The hens were pecking the grain.
hill n an area of land that is higher than the It’s not really a mountain. It’s smaller –
land around it, but not as high as a more like a
mountain hill.
lambs n a young sheep Sheep give birth to lambs in the spring.
leaf (pl leaves) n a flat green part of a plant, growing In the autumn, the leaves change to some
from a stem or branch or from the root amazing
colours.
mud n wet earth that is soft and sticky The football pitch is more like mud than
grass. I
blame the rain.
path n a way or track that is built or is made Walk along the path for five minutes and then
by the action of people walking turn
right.
pick v to take flowers, fruit, etc. from the We plant courgettes in May and pick them from
plant or the tree where they are July
growing to September.
plant v to put plants, seeds, etc. in the We planted trees and bushes in our new garden.
ground to grow
pond n a small area of still water I have a small pond in my garden with a few
fish in it.
rocks n a mass of rock standing above the I loved climbing on and fishing in the rocks
earth’s surface or in the sea when I
was a child.
sticks n a thin piece of wood that has fallen or We need more sticks for this fire.
been broken from a tree
stones n a small piece of rock of any shape This beach has too many stones. I prefer sandy
ones.
stream n a small, narrow river There’s a little stream, but it’s too small to
fish in.
valley n an area of low land between hills or The river goes down the mountain and runs
mountains, often with a river flowing along the
through it; the land that a river flows valley at the bottom.
through
wood n an area of trees, smaller than a forest It’s not really a forest. I’d call it a small
wood.

Useful words and phrases

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
club n an organization for people who share an They belong to the country club.
interest or do a sport or activity
together
create v to make something happen or exist How long does it take to create an episode?
driving licence n an official document that shows that I didn’t know you could drive. How long have
you are qualified to drive you
had your driving licence?
entertain v to interest somebody or make somebody I like to entertain myself by chatting on the
laugh in order to please them web.
fictional adj not real or true Almost all fictional detectives are unreal.
freezer n a large piece of electrical equipment Is there any ice cream in the freezer?
in which you can store food for a long
time at a low temperature so that it
stays frozen
idyllic adj peaceful and beautiful; perfect, I’ll grow all my own food. It will be idyllic
without problems and

18

lately adv recently; in the recent past
move back phr v to move backward; to recede or retreat
(away from someone or something)
objective adj not influenced by personal feelings or
opinions; considering only facts
occasional adj happening or done sometimes but not
often
persuade v to make somebody do something by giving
them good reasons for doing it
praise n words that show that you approve of and
admire somebody/something
press v to push part of a device, etc.
provider n a person or an organization that
supplies somebody with something they
need or want
rural adj connected with or like the countryside
shoot v to fire a gun or other weapon
structure n the way in which the parts of something
are connected together, arranged or
organized
substitute v to take the place of somebody/something
else
suspense n a feeling of worry or excitement that
you have when you feel that something
is going to happen
viewers n pl a person watching television or a video
on the internet
wealthy adj having a lot of money, possessions,
etc.
wheat n enlarge imagea plant grown for its
grain that is used to produce the flour
a while n sometimes, but not very often
acquire v to gain something by your own efforts,
ability or behaviour
acres n pl a unit for measuring an area of land
addictive adj makes people unable to stop using it or
doing it
agricultural adj connected with the science or practice
of farming
binge v to eat or drink too much, especially
without being able to control yourself
cliffhanger n a situation in a story, film,
competition, etc. that is very exciting
because you cannot guess what will
happen next, or you do not find out
immediately what happens next
conceive v to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your
mind
debatably adv In a way subject to challenge or worthy
of debate
deer n pl an animal with long legs that eats
grass, leaves, etc.
equivalent n a thing, amount, word, etc. that is
equal in value, meaning or purpose to
something else
exist v to be real; to be present in a place or
situation
fibre n the part of food that helps to keep a
person healthy by keeping the bowels
working and moving other food quickly
through the body
friends will come to stay and tell me how
lucky I am
to live here.
I haven’t watched TV at all lately. I’ve been
too busy.
Penny has no plans to move back to London. She
wants to stay in the countryside.
The news on TV is not objective, as most
channels are
controlled by the government.
There are monthly films and occasional quiz
nights.
Can you persuade her to come?
I am difficult to please; I only give praise
when I think
something is exceptional.
It was just good enough to make me press
‘next’
every time the episode finished.
Netflix is an American provider of on-demand
internet
streaming media.
The rural sights, sounds, and, above all,
communities,
beat the city any day.
I don’t think I’d ever want to shoot a gun. I
think
they’re very dangerous.
The structure of the show is clearly and
cleverly
designed for binge consumption.
Why don’t you substitute one hour of watching
TV a
day for one hour of exercise?
There’s more suspense when you have to wait a
week
for the next episode.
Netflix reminded viewers to watch responsibly.
He’s very wealthy. He doesn’t need to work.
Wheat is one of the main ingredients of beer.
I have been thinking about getting a new phone
for a
while.
We should work hard to acquire a good
knowledge of French.
I sold my house and bought a big farmhouse
with 50
acres of land.
Coffee is addictive. I could drink it all day.
Fewer people work in the agricultural sector
today
than in the past.
I binge on chocolate nearly every night.
At the end of nearly every episode, the
cliffhanger
makes you want to watch the next episode
immediately.
It's difficult to conceive of traveling to the
moon.
It’s not a great show; it’s debatably a good
one.
I prefer to see deer when they are safe and
peaceful in
a park.
Eating a croissant is the fat equivalent of
eating a
burger.
Does anything similar exist in your country?
That cereal must have a lot of fibre in it.

19
fit in phr v to live, work, etc. in an easy and Over time, however, Paul has managed to fit in
natural way with somebody/something with
his new neighbours.
flashback n a part of a film, play, etc. that shows There are no introductory flashbacks, common
a scene that happened earlier in time in
than the main story traditional series.
get out of phr v to leave or go out of a place I had to get out of the taxi as quickly as
possible and
run for my train.
involvement n the act of taking part in something or The involvement of the Ministry of Agriculture
dealing with somebody ended in the 1970s.
on-demand adj done or happening whenever somebody Netflix is an American provider of on-demand
asks internet
streaming media.
power n the ability to control people or things She has a lot of power in the company.
precisely adv exactly I want to work out precisely what I owe you. I
want
to be completely fair.
rationing n the policy of limiting the amount of Rationing of food happened during the world
food, fuel, etc. wars.
sense of community the feeling that you belong to a I’m lucky. I live in a place with a strong
community sense of community.
smallholder n a person who owns or rents a small A smallholder doesn’t have much land.
piece of land for farming
source n a place, person or thing that you get According to a 2011 report, Netflix is the
something from biggest
source of North American web traffic.
storyline n the basic story in a novel, play, film, I don’t think the storyline is very
etc. believable.
strategy n a plan that is intended to achieve a He is an expert in military strategy.
particular purpose
subscribers n pl a person who pays to receive a service The number of subscribers had fallen to 1000.
temptation n the desire to do or have something that I couldn't resist the temptation to open the
you know is bad or wrong letter.
unbearable adj too painful, annoying or unpleasant to The temptation to find out what is going to
deal with or accept happen is
unbearable.
underneath prep under or below something else, On my last night in this country, I sat
especially when it is hidden or covered outside, underneath
by the thing on top millions of stars.
vine n a climbing plant that produces grapes Your grape vine looks really healthy.

20
FILE 6
DIY AND REPAIRS
WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
batteries n pl a device that produces electricity to p The remote needs new batteries.
rovide power for radios, cars, etc.
bricks n pl a rectangular block of How many bricks do we need for this wall?
hard material used
for building walls and houses
bucket n a container with an open top and I need a bucket to wash the windows.
a handle, often used
for carrying liquids
change a light bulb / to exchange one thing for another I need to change the light bulb. It just went out.
tyre thing, especially of a similar type
drill n a tool or machine that makes holes I need a drill to hang this picture.
drill a hole in the Make an empty space in an object I need to drill a hole in the wall to hang a
wall / a piece of picture.
wood
glue n a sticky substance that is used I need some glue to stick this together.
for joining things together permanently
hammer n a tool consisting of Don’t hurt your fingers with the hammer.
a piece of metal with a flat end that
is fixed onto the end of a long, thin,
usually wooden handle, used
for hitting things
handle n a part of The handle on the drawer is broken. I can’t
an object designed for holding, moving, open it.
or carrying the object easily
ladder n a piece of equipment used I can’t go up the ladder. I hate heights.
for climbing up and down, that consists
of
two vertical bars or pieces of rope joi
ned to each other by a set
of horizontal steps
light bulb n a rounded glass container with I can’t see anything. The light bulb has stopped
a thin thread of metal inside
that produces light when working.
an electric current goes through it
matches n pl a short, thin stick made Have you got any matches to light the fire?
of wood or cardboard and covered with
a special chemical at one end
that burns when rubbed against
a rough surface
nails n pl a small, thin piece of metal with How many nails are holding this together?
one pointed end and one flat end that
you hit into something with
a hammer, especially in order to fasten
or join it to something else
needle and thread a thin metal pin, used in sewing; a
very thin fibre Have you got a needle and thread to repair my
shirt
button?

padlock n a small metal lock with a U-shaped bar We need to secure the shed with a padlock.
paintbrush n a brush used for putting paint on I bought this paintbrush to decorate with.
a surface or on a picture
penknife n a small knife that folds into I always take a penknife camping. It’s really
a case and is usually carried in useful.
a pocket
pieces of wood a part of a I have lots of pieces of wood for the fire.
hard substance that forms the branches
and trunks of trees
put up shelves / to fix a long, flat board/a piece of m I need to drill a hole in the wall to put up
curtains aterial in a raised position shelves.
rope n (a piece of) strong, thick string made I need a rope to tie it together.
of long twisted threads
screwdriver n a tool for turning screws, consisting I put the screws in using a manual
of a handle joined to screwdriver.
a metal rod shaped at one end to fit in
the cut in the top of the screw
screws n pl a thin, pointed piece of metal with I put the screws in using a manual
a raised edge twisting round screwdriver.
along its length and a flat top with
a cut in it, used to join things
together, especially pieces of wood
Sellotape n a brand name for I wrapped the present using paper and
a long, thin strip of sticky and Sellotape.
usually transparent material that
is sold in a roll and is used
for joining together things such

21
 as paper or card
set up a new Wi-fi to formally establish a I need to set up a new Wi-fi system at home.
system / a home new company, organization, system, way
cinema system of working, etc.
sew a button on a to join two pieces of cloth together Can you show me how to sew a button on a shirt?
shirt I’ve never done it!

stick together phr v To glue pieces of something together

with glue or tape I broke Mum’s favourite vase. If I stick it
together carefully with glue, she might never
know.

string n (a piece of) strong, thin rope made
by twisting very thin threads togethe
tap n a device attached to the end of a
pipe to control the flow of a fluid
tie two things to fasten together two ends of
together (shoelaces / a piece of string or
two pieces of string) other long, thin material
tiles n pl a thin,
usually square or rectangular piece of
baked clay, plastic, etc. used
for covering roofs, floors, walls, etc.
wire n (a piece of) thin metal thread with
a layer of plastic around it, used
for carrying electric current
AT A RESTAURANT
WORDS DEFINITION
ask for the bill to try to obtain by requesting
for payment of money owed
book a table to arrange to have a seat at
a particular time in the future
bowl n a round container that is open at
the top
carry a tray to hold a flat object, usually
with raised edges with your hands
I need some string to support this plant.
Can you turn on the tap to fill the bucket?
I’d better tie two pieces of string together to
make them longer. One piece of string isn’t
enough.
I’ve put new tiles around the shower.
This wire should be strong enough to hold the
pic- ture.
EXAMPLES
Did you ask for the bill?
What time shall I book a table for?
I’d like a bowl of cereal for breakfast,
please.
It will be easier if you carry a tray with the
food on it.

clear the table to remove or get rid I’ll load the dishwasher if you clear the
table.
corkscrew n a device for removing corks from bottle Where’s the corkscrew to open this wine?
s
cup n a small, round container, often with Can I have a cup of tea?
a handle, used for drinking tea
fork n a small object with three or I can’t use chopsticks. Have you got a fork?
four points and a handle, that you use
to pick up food and eat with
glass n a small container for drinks made of Can I have a glass of water?
glass and usually with no handle
jug n a container for holding liquids that A jug of tap water, please.
has a handle and a shaped opening at
the top for pouring
knife n a tool, usually with a metal blade and This knife isn’t sharp enough to cut the meat.
a handle, used
for cutting and spreading food or
other substances
lay the table To prepare the dining table for a meal Can you lay the table? We’re eating in ten
minutes
leave a tip to give someone who has provided you The service wasn’t very good. Shall we leave a
with tip?
a service an extra amount of money to t
hank them
mug n a large cup with straight sides used Would you like a mug or a cup?
for hot drinks
napkin (also a small square piece of cloth or paper Wipe your hands on the napkin.
serviette) n
oil and vinegar a smooth thick liquid produced from pla I love oil and vinegar on my salad.
nts or animals that is used in cooking
and a sharp-tasting liquid,
made especially from sour wine or cider
order food a request to make, supply, How long ago did we order our food?
or deliver food
plate n a flat, usually round dish with Pass me your plate.
a slightly raised edge
pour the wine to make a substance flow from
Shall I pour the wine or leave people to help
a container, especially into
another container them-

22
 selves
recommend a dish to suggest that something would be good
or suitable Could you recommend a dish? I’m not sure what to
have.

salt and pepper a common white substance and
a grey or white powder , used to give
a spicy, hot taste to food
saucer n a small, curved plate that you put
a cup on
send back phr v to return something to
the person who sent it to you
serve a table to provide with something that
is needed
serving dish n an object used for holding food before
it is put onto plates, or for
putting food onto plates
Have you seasoned it with salt and pepper?
Can you put the cup on the saucer?
I’m going to send this fish back. It smells
funny.
It’s a waiter’s job to serve a table and take
orders.
I’ll put the vegetables in a serving dish for
people to
help themselves.

spoon n an object consisting of a Can I have a spoon for my soup?

round, hollow part and a handle
tablecloth n a large piece of cloth that covers a ta
ble during a meal They’ll have to wash the tablecloth. It’s
covered in food.

take orders to accept a request It’s a waiter’s job to serve a table and take
orders.
teapot n a container for making Is there any tea left in the teapot?
and serving tea with a handle
teaspoon n a small spoon used Did you stir it with the teaspoon?
to mix tea or coffee in a cup
tray n a flat object, usually I’ll put your breakfast on a tray so that you
with raised edges can eat it in bed.
try the wine to test something to see if it Would you like to try the wine?
is suitable
wine glass n a glass for drinking wine, with
a long stem It’s a 250 millilitre wine glass, so don’t drink
it too quickly.

Useful words and phrases

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
appliances n a device, machine,
or piece of equipment, especially an el Lots of appliances, such as washing machines,
ectrical one that is used in the house break quite quickly.

assemble v to come together in

a single place or bring parts together You’ll need to read the instructions before you
in a single group try to
assemble the table.

bits n a small piece or amount of something The drawers came in hundreds of bits for me to
put together.
box of drawing pins short, sharp pins with a flat, The box of drawing pins is next to the
round top, used especially for putting noticeboard.
up notices
cashier n a person whose job is The cashier should be more friendly.
to receive and pay out money in
a shop, bank, restaurant, etc.
cloth n a small piece of material, used Have you got a cloth to clean the windows with?
in cleaning to remove dirt, dust,
or liquid
counter n a long, flat, narrow surface or table i At the newsagent’s, you go to the counter to
n a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. buy a newspaper and they offer to sell you a £1
chocolate bar.
customer service n the part of Nothing annoys me more than bad customer
an organization that answers customers' service.
questions, exchanges goods that are
not satisfactory
detergent n a chemical substance in the form of I’ll need a strong detergent to remove this
a powder or stain.
a liquid for removing dirt from clothes
, dishes
drop v to fall or to allow something to fall Mobile phones make our lives easier, but it’s so
easy to lose or drop them.
fix v to repair something I need a stapler to fix these pages together
inappropriate adj unsuitable The way you spoke to her was inappropriate.
lively adj full of energy and enthusiasm; interest The atmosphere was lively, with great music and

23
 ing and exciting
mark n a small area on the surface of
something that is damaged, dirty, or
different in some way
mayonnaise n a thick, white sauce made
from oil, vinegar, and
the yellow part of eggs
mop n a stick with soft material attached to
one end, especially used
for washing floors
one-way adj allowing travel in only one direction
plug into phr v to make something or someone fit well
or have good connections with something
practical adj able to provide effective solutions to
problems
pressure n the act of trying to make
someone else do something
by arguing, persuading, etc.
publication n the act of
making information or stories available
to people in
a printed or electronic form
reasonable adj based on or using
good judgment, fair and practical
remove v to take something or someone away
from somewhere, or off something
rub v to press or be pressed against
something with a circular or up-and-
down repeated movement
sharp adj having a thin edge or point that
can cut something or make a hole in
something
spill v to flow, move, fall, or spread over
the edge of something
spray v a mass of
very small drops of liquid carried in
the air
stain n to leave a mark on something that
is difficult to remove
stapler n a small device that you
can use to push staples through pieces
of paper
strange adj unusual and unexpected,
or difficult to understand
substance n a material with particular physical cha
racteristics
tasty adj producing a pleasant flavor and feeling
in the mouth when eaten
till n up to (the time that); until
trainee n a person who
is learning and practicing new skills,
ones connected with a job
trick n an effective or quick way of doing
something
tweezers n pl a small piece of equipment made of
two narrow strips of metal joined at
one end. It is used
to pull out hairs or
to pick up small objects
twist v to turn something, especially repeatedl
y
unlikely adj not probable or likely to happen
virus n a piece of organic material that causes
24
people chatting.
I can’t get this mark out of my clothes.
I don’t like how much mayonnaise you always find
in sandwiches.
I used a mop to clean up the drink on the floor.
The city has a terrible one-way system on its
roads.
If you’re with a group of friends and you all
want to
listen, you need to plug it into a speaker.
I’m not very good at practical tasks. I’m much
better with my mind.
I don’t like it when people put too much
pressure on
me to buy something.
Its catalogue is in more homes than any other
publication.
The bill was very reasonable – quite a bit less
than in
other similar places
You have to twist the light bulb to remove it.
For deep scratches, you should rub some
toothpaste in first.
This knife is not sharp enough to cut my steak.
Did you spill the wine on the carpet?
This is why I hate beauty counters. You walk past
and the sales assistants try to spray you with
perfume.
I’ll need a strong detergent to remove this
stain.
I need a stapler to fix these pages together.
Some of the products have strange names.
This trick works because the waxy substance in
the
banana skin fills in the scratch.
The service was friendly and helpful, and the
food was very fresh and tasty.
I hate it when assistants stand next to the till
gossip- ing to each other.
It’s always cheaper to get your hair cut by a
trainee.
This trick works because the waxy substance in
the banana skin fills in the scratch.
My wife uses tweezers on her eyebrows
You have to twist the light bulb to remove it.
That was terrible. I’m unlikely to go there
again.
I think my computer has got a virus.
 disease in humans, animals, and plants
wipe v to slide something, especially a piece Can you wipe the window? It’s filthy!
of cloth, over the surface of
something else
zip n a device that are brought together The zip on my suitcase broke at the airport.
by pulling a small sliding piece over
them, used
for closing openings in clothing, bags,
etc.
absorb v to take in a liquid, gas, or chemical You must use uncooked rice, and it will absorb
all of the water.
amateur adj taking part in
an activity for pleasure, not as a job There are plenty of cookery competitions where
amateur chefs compete, hoping to become
profes- sional.

amplify v to increase the size or effect of The bowl will amplify the sound from your
something mobile’s speakers.
armful n the amount that a person can carry in She had an armful of clothes to put back.
one or both arms
aspects n pl one part of
a situation, problem, subject, etc.: Mary Portas – broadcaster, writer, and shopping
expert – names some of the most irritating
aspects of shopping.

biro n a brand name for a type of ballpoint
pen
bistro n a small informal restaurant or bar
bleach n a strong chemical used
for cleaning things
or removing colour from things
someone whose job is
broadcaster n to speak on radio or television program
mes
broom n a brush with a long handle, used
for cleaning the floor
check out phr v to examine something or get
more information about it in order to
be certain that it is true
cramped adj not having enough space or time
dropout n a person who leaves school, college,
or university before completing a quali
fication
flat-pack adj a piece of furniture that
is sold in pieces inside a flat box
gardening n the job or activity of working in
a garden, growing and taking care of
the plants
get through phr v to succeed in reaching out to
someone/something
hangers n pl a curved piece of wire, wood,
or plastic on which clothes are hung
I’ve only got a biro. The writing won’t look very
neat
It’s a small local bistro I like to eat in
Wash them with water and bleach
He works as a TV broadcaster.
I need a broom to sweep up this mess.
Check out this idea from Apartment Therapy.
There are a lot of tables for the size of the
restaurant,so we felt a bit cramped
I was a high school dropout. I left with no
qualifica- tions.
Can you assemble flat-pack furniture?
Can we go to the garden centre? I want to do
some
gardening but I need a new spade
I tried to phone the bank but I wasn’t able to
get
through
You have to pull the hangers apart to look in,
but
then they fall onto the floor.

learn a lesson to suffer a bad experience and know not Have you ever learned a lesson from a new
to do it again experience
ence?
lump n a piece of a solid substance Even worse is when they dump the receipt and the
change into your hand in one lump
massive adj very large in size, amount, or number I feel sick. I just ate a massive bar of
chocolate
navigate v to direct the way by using a map I just let my satnav navigate for me
paraphrase v to repeat something written
or spoken using different words You need to paraphrase other people’s ideas in
your
essay, but remember to acknowledge them
pegs n pl a small stick or hook that sticks out I need some pegs to hang out the clothes
from a surface
pliers n pl a small tool with I need pliers to pull this nail out
two handles for holding or pulling smal
l things like nails, or
for cutting wire
pricey adj costing a lot of money It was a bit pricey – the bill was higher than
we’d expected.

25
rails n pl a horizontal bar fixed in position used The rails are so full of clothes that you can’t
to close something off or even see the sizes
to hang things on
roll of Velcro™ a piece of material that consists of I bought a roll of Velcro™ to repair my coat
two pieces of cloth that stick together
, used to fasten clothes
saw n a tool with I need a saw to chop this wood
a blade or sharp cutting points, used
for cutting hard materials
scholarship n an amount of money given by
a school, college, university, or After the eight weeks, a winner is chosen to
other organization to pay for receive a
the studies of six-month scholarship with the Academy of Food &
a person with great ability Wine.

scratched adj damaged a surface with Is your favourite DVD too scratched to play?
something sharp or rough
self-assembly n designed to be made at home from a set
of prepared parts by Have you ever been to IKEA or similar stores
the person who buys it that sell
self-assembly furniture?
spanner n a metal tool with a shaped end, used I need a spanner to adjust my seat.
to turn nuts and bolts
stock n the total amount of goods or We have too much stock for the shop
the amount of
a particular type of goods available in
a shop
uncooked adj not having been cooked Don’t eat uncooked rice.
washer n a flat ring that is The tap is dripping. It needs a new washer
put somewhere, between
a screw or bolt, or
between joined pipes
waxy adj slightly shiny; looking like wax This trick works because the waxy substance in
the banana skin fills in the scratch.

FILE 7
PHRASAL VERBS
WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
ask for phr v to request to see something or talk to Did you ask for the bill?
someone
be away phr v be far from somewhere
The boss will be away until the end of next week.
He’s at a conference in Mexico.
be back phr v to come back I’m just going to the shops. I’ll be back in ten
minutes
be out of phr v to no longer have something one has had
I’m sorry, we’re out of light bulbs at the
moment, but we should be getting some in soon.
break down phr v to stop working
Hello? Is that the AA? I’m afraid I’ve broken
down.
I’m on the A451.
call back phr v to phone someone again
He’s out, I’m afraid. Could you call back in
about
half an hour?
carry out phr v to perform or complete a job or activit
y I asked my brother to help me carry out the
repairs on my roof
check out phr v to examine something or get Check out this idea from Apartment Therapy
more information about it in order to
be certain that it is true
close down phr v to end the operation of something
A lot of local shops and businesses have been
forced
to close down because of the recession
come round phr v to visit someone in their home
Why don’t you come round after class? We could
watch the film together.
come up with phr v to suggest or think of an idea or plan I’ve come up with a really good idea.
end up phr v to finally be in
a particular place or situation At the end of the play, all of the audience end
up in the same place.

get back phr v to return to a place after you have

been somewhere else I’m sorry, but I’m confiscating your phone.
You’ll get it back at the end of term.

26
get away phr v to leave or escape from What time can you get away?
a person or place
give away phr v something that is given free to
a customer If you don’t want those clothes, give them away.
I’m sure the charity shop would like them
give back phr v to return something to the person who That’s my book. Give it back.
gave it to you
give out phr v to give something to each of
a number of people When I’ve finished giving out the exam papers,
you can start.

give up phr v to stop doing something before you I give up. What’s the answer?
have finished it
keep on phr v to continue doing something
without stopping If you keep on making such a noise I won’t read
you a story.

look out for phr v to pay attention to things so that you

notice it if or when it occurs I’m looking out for job vacancies but there is
no work.

make up phr v to invent something, such as It’s not true. I just made it up.
an excuse or a story
open up phr v to start doing business
Our first shop has been such a success my
business partner thinks we should open up
another one
pass on phrv to give someone something
My aunt passed on all of the special family
recipes to her nieces and nephews
pay back phr v to return some money that you have
borrowed or taken from someone I can only lend you the money if you promise to
pay me back next month
put away phr v to put something in the place where it Please put your toys away. They’re all over the
is usually kept floor.
put on phr v to make something operate
They put on activities or meetings every night
of the week.
put up phr v you fix something to a wall or board I need to drill a hole in the wall to put up
shelves
run away phr v If you run away from a place, you leave Don’t run away! I won’t hurt you.
it
send back phr v to return something to Shall I send this steak back? It’s not cooked.
the person who sent it to you
set up phr v to prepare something for use I need to set up a new Wi-fi system at home.

Useful words and phrases

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
accommodation n a place to live, work, stay
His wages may be low, but food and accommodation
are provided for free
afford v to be able to buy or do something He took a job abroad with an insurance company
because you have enough money or time and earned so much that he could afford to
retire aged 37.
anonymous adj made or done by someone whose name is
not known or not made public Mr Lucky wishes to remain anonymous but I can
reveal that he is a Londoner, and is nearly 40.
appeal v a request to Everything that appeals to some people in the
the public for money, information, world needs someone else to produce it.
or help
avatar n an image that represents you
Players control their avatar to fight
in online games, chat rooms, etc
monsters or other players.

bonus n an extra amount of money that is given

to you as a present or reward
box office n the financial success or failure of
a movie or play measured by ticket sale
s
cancel v to decide that an organized event will
not happen, or to stop
charity n an organization whose purpose is to
give money, food, or help to those who
need it
She decided to pass on the money by giving a
bonus
to a colleague.
Did you get the tickets from the box office?
I need to cancel the payment. I’ve changed my
mind
I give €20 to a cancer charity every month.

27
check your balance To look at the amount of money you have Did you check your balance on your account?
in a bank account
conditions n pl all the particular things
that influence someone’s living or work The working conditions are hard. We don’t get
ing environment weekends off and I only have one day free a
month
curtain n a piece of material What time does the curtain go up in the theatre?
that hangs across a window
dedication n the willingness to give a lot
of time and energy to something because He was moved by her openness, and her dedication
it is important to her shop.
definition n a statement that explains the meaning o
f a word or phrase The project’s definition of a ‘good’ deed is
quite
open
earn v to receive money as payment for work th He took a job abroad with an insurance company
at you do because he wanted to earn more.
half time n the short period of time between the Let’s get a drink at half time.
two parts of an event
increase v To make smt Apart from gold, customers may ask for their
to become larger in amount or size avatar’s skill level to increase, or for a
virtual magic sword.
insurance n an agreement in which
you pay a company money and He took a job abroad with an insurance company
they pay your costs if you have and earned so much that he could afford to
an accident retire aged 37
interact v to communicate with or react to
You stand up and walk through it, and the cast
interacts with you
interval n a period between two events or times The interval is only 20 minutes long
invest v to put money, effort, time, etc. into I want to invest my money in property.
something
make a deposit to make an amount of money I need to make a deposit into my account
matinee n an afternoon performance of The matinee in the afternoon is much cheaper
a movie or play
millionaire n a person who has money, property, etc.
that is worth at least Her businesses were so successful she became a
1,000,000 dollars, pounds, euros, etc. millionaire
mines n pl a hole or system of holes in South Africa has a lot of diamond mines
the ground where substances such
as coal, metal, and salt are removed
potions n pl a liquid that is believed to have
a magical effect on someone In this video game, you can drink potions to
who drinks it improve
your health, or give you special powers.
print a receipt To Did you print a receipt for your records?
produced a piece of paper or message pr
oving that money, goods,
or information by a machine using ink
programme n a broadcast on television or radio What does the programme say about the lead
actor?
quests n pl a long search for something that The game is made up of lots of different quests.
is difficult to find, or
an attempt to achieve something difficu
lt
ridiculous adj stupid or unreasonable and deserving to
be laughed at He thinks it’s fashionable, but Steve looks
ridiculous
in that shirt.

rob v to Two men tried to rob the bank but the police
take money or property illegally from caught them.
a place, organization, or person, often
using violence
role-playing game a game in which people dress up
and pretend to be particular characters World of Warcraft is a multiplayer role-playing
game.
row n a line of things arranged next to each What row are we sitting in?
other
stage n the area in a theatre that is How far away from the stage are our seats?
often raised above ground level
stalls / circle n the seats on the main floor of We have seats in the stalls – they were good
a theatre or cinema value.
thrilling adj extremely exciting
The thrilling new show Sleep No More is loosely
based on Shakespeare’s Macbeth.

transaction n an occasion when

someone buys or sells something The biggest transaction I have seen was one

28

virtual reality n a set of images and sounds, produced by
a computer,
that seem to represent a place or
a situation that a person can
take part in
withdraw cash to take or move out or back money in
the form of notes and coins
chain reaction n a set of related events in which
each event causes the next one
good deed n an intentional act, especially a very
good one
PIN (personal a secret number that a person uses
identification together with a special card to
number) n get money from their bank account
stand guard phr v to guard someone or something
FILE 8
LOOKING AFTER YOURSELF
WORDS DEFINITION
blow dry v to dry your hair using a hairdryer
buzz cut (crew cut) n Very short haircut
curled adj a piece of hair that grows or has
been formed into a curving shape
cut v to make
something shorter, lower, smaller, etc.
do (lift) weights to move any object that is heavy
do aerobics energetic physical exercises
do press ups a physical exercise in which you
try to push up your body with your arms
do sit ups a type of exercise in which
someone sits up from a lying position
do spinning a form of exercise that is done on
a machine like a bicycle
do yoga / Pilates a set of physical and mental exercises
dye v to change the colour of hair using
a special liquid
facial n a beauty treatment that cleans and impr
oves the skin of the face
fake tan n a substance that you put
on your skin to make it look darker
fringe n an area of hair hanging over
the forehead
go on a running an exercise machine on which
machine (also you walk without moving forward
treadmill)
highlights n pl a narrow strip of hair on a
person's head that has been made
a lighter colour
manicure n a treatment for
the hands that involves making
the nails look better
massage n to rub and press someone's body with re
gular repeated movements
parting n a line on someone's head made
29
person who bought 100,000 pieces of gold, which
costs £2,000 to £3,000.
World of Warcraft is a multiplayer online role-
playing game set in the virtual reality fantasy
Warcraft universe.
I can’t withdraw cash. I haven’t got any money
left.
I’m enjoying giving the money to someone and
they’re enjoying the process of giving the money
to someone else, so there is this chain reaction
of posi- tive feeling.
I try to do at least one good deed a day. It’s
nice to
help others.
I don’t use my card very often and I have
forgotten the PIN
Eventually, the police arrived to stand guard
over
the machine until the bank was able to switch it
off remotely
EXAMPLES
I don’t have time to blow dry my hair in the
morning.
I always have a buzz cut. It’s nice and cool in
the summer
I don’t like my hair straight. I always have
it curled
I’m going to have my hair cut before the big
day
I want to do weights to put on some muscle
We do aerobics to music.
Yes, I do press ups every morning – about a
hundred
of them
I do sit ups to strengthen my stomach muscles
I tried to do spinning but I’m not fit enough
Lots of footballers do yoga to stay flexible
I dyed my hair blonde.
My face feels so fresh after a facial
She wears so much fake tan that she looks orange.
I think you look better without a fringe
I like running outside, so I would never go on a
running machine
I’ll have a few blonde highlights to lighten my
hair,
please
I have a manicure on my nails every week
I need a massage. My back hurts so much
I had a side parting when I was child.
 by brushing the hair in two
different directions
pedicure n a beauty treatment for
I have a pedicure regularly in the summer because
the feet that involves cutting and pain
ting the nails I
wear sandals a lo
in bunches hair is tied together in two parts My daughter likes her hair in bunches.
with one at each side of head
plaits n pl a length of hair that is divided into My hair looks curly when I take my plaits out
three parts that are then crossed over
each other
ponytail n a hairstyle in which He puts his long hair in a ponytail
the hair is tied up high at the back of
the head like a horse's tail
shave v to remove hair from the body Why did you shave all your hair off?
straightened v to make something become straight I don’t like my curly hair so I have it
straightened
stretch v to You need to stretch or you’ll get an injury
make your body or your arms and legs st
raight
trim n to cut a small amount off hair Don’t cut much off. Just give it a trim.
use a cross trainer a piece of exercise equipment designed I’m going to use a cross trainer to get fit for
to exercise my walk- ing holiday
use a rowing machine a piece of exercise equipment that is I use a rowing machine for fitness and upper body
used strength
to copy the actions of rowing a boat
use a yoga mat a small piece of strong material for Do you use a yoga mat in the class?
yoga
use an exercise bike a machine for I use an exercise bike when it’s raining.
taking exercise that looks like
a bicycle
waxing n a beauty treatment in I’m not sure about waxing. I’ve heard it’s really
which hair is removed by covering it painful.
in a layer of warm wax

Useful words and phrases

WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
aches and pains a feeling of physical suffering caused
by injury or illness The spa says the heat helps remove impurities
from
the body and is also good for aches and pains.
army n a military force that has Which army won a famous victory at Thermopylae?
the training and equipment to fight
attacks n to try to hurt or defeat using violence
What year were the September 11 attacks on New
York and Washington, D.C.?
battlefield n a place where a battle is being fought
I went outside and had a look at the
battlefield,
which covers 3,500 acres of flat countryside
near the town of Gettysburg
bearable adj an unpleasant situation that you
can accept or deal with it My first feeling is relief. It’s deeply freezing
– my arms sting immediately – but somehow it’s
bearable
blanket n a flat cover made It was so cold I wrapped myself in a blanket
of wool or similar warm material,
usually used on a bed
bullet n a small, metal object that is shot from A bullet from a gun was found at the crime scene
a gun
chill n a feeling of cold The chill in the room made me put on a jumper.
chronic adj a disease continuing for a long time
It can help people with chronic pain or skin
problems
client n a customer or someone Dino would never say no to a client’s request
who receives services
construction n the work of building or making
something Construction began in 532 and the building was
completed in 537
display n a collection of objects or pictures arr One interesting thing was a display about the
anged for people to look at Get- tysburg Address
drip v falls in drops, or you make I could feel the sweat slowly drip into my
it fall in drops eyes.
equipment n the set of necessary tools, clothing, What exercise equipment have you got at home?
etc.
fitness n the condition of My fitness is terrible. I need to start
being physically strong and healthy running again
gentle adj calm, kind, or soft It was quite gentle exercise so I wasn’t too

30
 tired
handkerchief n a square piece of cloth or paper
She has a handkerchief around her face for
protection
heaven n the place imagined to be in the sky
When I was little, my dad bought me a Union cap
and a toy rifle and let me play on the
battlefield.I was in heaven
humid adj containing extremely small drops of wat Sitting on the floor, slowly breathing the hot
er in the air and humid air, I see a thermometer near where
the eggs are cooked
insomnia n the condition of being unable to sleep I’m suffering from insomnia. I just can’t sleep
leader n a person in control Which country was Mustafa Atatürk the leader of?
magic adj with special powers I wanted to go back to the magic places of my
youth
maintain v to continue to have How do you maintain the condition of your hair?
mind and body the part that makes It’s so relaxing. It’s good for your mind and
it possible to think and body
the whole physical structure
monarchy n a country that has a king or queen Which of these countries is not a monarchy
today?
nostalgia n a feeling of pleasure and
also slight sadness when Shortly after my father died, I was seized with
you think about things that happened in nostalgia for the holidays we had when I was a
the past
child
oven n the part of a cooker with a door, used I’m going to cook the chicken in the oven
to bake or roast food
pity n a feeling of sadness or sympathy for It is a pity that so much of the town of
someone Gettysburg has been spoiled with ugly tourist
shops.
recharge v to give I had a weekend of doing nothing so I could
the ability to supply electricity again recharge

relief n a feeling of happiness that My first feeling is relief. It’s deeply

something unpleasant has not happened
request n the act of politely or officially askin
g for something
reward n something given in exchange for
good behaviour or good work
sauna n a room or small building, often
with wood attached to the walls, that
is heated to a high temperature
scalp n the skin on the top of a
person's head where hair usually grows
thermometer n a device used
for measuring temperature, especially o
f the air or in a person's body
freezing – my arms sting immediately – but
somehow it’s bearable.
Dino would never say no to a client’s request
There is a £20,000 reward for information
leading to the capture of the criminal
Inside the sauna, I sat on a mat to stop my legs
from burning.
As I stand up to look at it, I feel the heat on
my scalp and nose
Sitting on the floor, slowly breathing the hot
and
humid air, I see a thermometer near where the
eggs are cooked.

tours n pl a visit to a place or area
war n armed fighting between two or
more countries or groups
warning n something that makes
you understand there is
a possible danger or problem
wrap v to cover or surround something
with paper, cloth
abbey n a building where monks or nuns live or
used to live.
aromas n pl a strong, pleasant smell
assortment n a group of different types of something
battle n a fight between armed forces
binoculars n pl a pair of tubes with glass lenses at
either end that you look through
to see things far away more clearly
cannons n pl a large, powerful gun,
usually attached to two or four wheels
chamber n a room used for
Guided tours in English are offered several
times a day for a small fee.
During which war was the Battle of Gettysburg
fought?
They gave no warning of the attack
I think it’s going to be cold today so remember
to
wrap up warm
Nearly every British monarch has been crowned in
Westminster Abbey
The whole area is beautifully illuminated, with
relaxing music, aromas, and gentle lighting
The all-organic lounge and bar area offers a
healthy assortment of snacks and juices
During which war was the Battle of Gettysburg
fought?
Through my dad’s old binoculars I could clearly
see how the Confederate army had started from
the town, a mile or so to the north
Ships used cannons in battle in the past
I found the chamber really stressful as it was so

31
 a special or official purpose dark and small
civil war n a war fought by
different groups of people living in Which of these countries has not fought a civil
the same country war in its history?

column n a tall, vertical stone post, used as In the northwest of the building there is a
a support for a roof or column with a hole in the middle called the
in classical buildings Wishing Column which people think has special
powers.
crown v a circular decoration for the head, Nearly every British monarch has been crowned in
usually made of gold and jewels Westminster Abbey.
dome n a rounded roof on a building or a room, It was the world’s largest cathedral for nearly
or a building with such a roof a thou- sand years and it is famous for its
large dome
festival n a special day or period Have you ever been to the Edinburgh Festival?
with its own social activities
fizzy adj having a lot of bubbles We think they should ban fizzy drinks
illuminate v to light something and make it brighter
The whole area is beautifully illuminated, with
relaxing music, aromas, and gentle lighting
impurities n pl the fact that
a substance is dirty or lower in qualit The spa says the heat helps remove impurities
y because it is mixed with from the body and is also good for aches and
another substance
pains.
make it back to base To return to a place where there Two out of every three Confederate soldiers
are military buildings
didn’t make it back to base
minarets n pl a tall, thin tower on or near a mosque
It is surrounded by four tall minarets, each of
which is different
mosaics n pl a pattern or picture made using
many small pieces of coloured stone or On the second floor, there are beautiful mosaics
glass on the walls
put up with phr v to accept or continue to accept an unpl
easant situation or experience There’s no wind, and the air is dry. It’s easier
to put up with than a cold shower
renovate v to repair and improve something, especi
ally a building We need to renovate the castle so it will be
closed to the public for six months
restoration n the act or process of returning somethi Restoration of the church cost millions
ng
to its earlier good condition or positi
on
revolution n a change in the way When did the Russian Revolution take place?
a country is governed
rifle n a type of gun with a long barrel When I was little, my dad bought me a Union cap
and a toy rifle and let me play on the
battlefield
to take something quickly and hold it It’s important to seize the moment sometimes.
It’s healthy to take a chance every now and
seize v then.
the way you deal with or behave towards I had a really amazing spa treatment called
treatment n someone or something shiatsu.
the state of feeling healthy and happy Your health and general wellbeing is our
wellbeing n priority.

File 9
Useful words and phrases
WORDS DEFINITION EXAMPLES
(bride)groom n a man who is about to get married or just
got married The groom was in trouble. He was late to the
wedding
acceptable adj satisfactory and able to be agreed to It’s not acceptable to be so late.
or approved of
balloons n pl a small, very thin rubber bag that
you blow air into, it is round in shape It was a friend’s birthday and he got some
balloons
that he didn’t want so he gave them to me
best man n a male friend or relation of My brother was the best man at our wedding
the groom who stands with him during
a marriage ceremony
bride n a woman who is about to get married or has I’m always the bridesmaid and never the
just got married bride
bridesmaid n a girl or woman who during I’m always the bridesmaid and never the
the marriage ceremony helps the woman who is bride
getting married

32
ceremony n formal acts, often fixed and traditional The wedding ceremony was too long.
classify v to divide things At first, they didn’t know how to classify
or people into groups according to their type her, and have only recently given a name to
her condition
cope v to deal successfully with Crying helps her to cope with the unhappiness
a difficult situation that her memory can cause.
courtyard n an area of flat ground outside that
is surrounded by the walls of a building George and the consul were in the courtyard
when
there was a loud knock at the door
curse n magic words that
are intended to bring bad luck Some people think their skills are not a
gift but a
curse
except for, prep not including; but not
I don’t know anyone’s phone number except my
own
explosion n the fact of something such as a bomb exploding The explosion could be heard for miles
around.
facility n a place where a particular activity happens Then bring your friend or loved one to the
Story- Corps facility and record your story
together.
forgetful adj often forgetting things
He’s so forgetful. It’s a miracle he
remembered to
come to his own wedding
horror n an extremely strong feeling of fear and shock, As soon as I got there I went to my hotel,
or the frightening opened my suitcase, and to my horror
realized that it wasn’t mine.
knock n hit something, producing a noise George and the consul were in the courtyard
when there was a loud knock at the door.
loved one n a person that you love
Then bring your friend or loved one to the
Story-
Corps facility and record your story
together.
memoirs n pl a book or other piece of writing based on the I really enjoy reading my granddad’s
writer's personal knowledge memoirs
memorable adj likely to be remembered or worth remembering The event was really memorable. I’ll never
forget it.
memorial n an object, often large and made of stone The statue was built as a memorial to her
memorize v to learn something so that you I’m trying to memorize these for the test
will remember it exactly
nerve n the courage or confidence necessary to do Then, suddenly, without warning, his nerve
something difficult failed him.
occur v unexpected events to happen There is a downside to this: painful and
unpleasant memories are as vivid as if they
had just occurred.
oral adj spoken and not written StoryCorps is an oral history project which
provides people of all backgrounds with the
opportunity to record, share, and preserve
the stories of their lives
overnight adj for or during the night
After another overnight train, I was back
just in time
for the wedding
password n a secret word
or combination of letters or numbers They sent me a new password for my account
yesterday
presumably adv used to say what you think is This is presumably the right way. The satnav
the likely situation says so
priest n a person, usually a man, who has The priest who married us was actually a
been trained to perform religious duties friend of the family
recall v to bring the memory of a I can’t recall what I was doing yesterday. My
past event into your mind memory is so bad
rest n stop being active for a period of time I need a rest after that run
short-term adj lasting a short time
She lost her short-term memory after
suffering a
stroke
sigh n to breathe out slowly and noisily He let out a sigh of relief when he saw the
walls of the lonely Chinese city.
total adj including everything She was a total stranger. They had never met.
unforgettable adj having such a strong effect or influence on
you that you cannot forget it Today has been unforgettable. I’ll remember
it forever.

vivid adj very clear, powerful, and detailed images There is a downside to this: painful and
unpleasant memories are as vivid as if they
had just occurred.

33
wise adj having or showing the ability to make
I don’t think it’s wise to continue our
good judgments, based on experience of life
trip after you’ve been so sick.

anniversary n the day on which I won’t forget our anniversary if you remind
an important event happened in a previous year me
dilemma n a situation in which a difficult choice has to It was a real dilemma. I didn’t know what
be made between two different things to do.
exit n the door through which you I can’t remember which exit it is.
might leave a building
hen party n a party for a woman who is going to We went to a spa for the weekend for my hen
get married soon party.
pageboy n a young boy who is one of the people to go My little cousin was our pageboy at the
with the bride wedding.
preserve v to keep something as it is
People want to preserve the stories of their
lives for
future generations.

snap v to break suddenly and quickly with If you push her too far, her temper will snap
a cracking sound and she’ll get really angry
stag party n a party for a man who is going to get married
The stag party lasted all weekend. All my
friends
came along.

telegrams n pl a piece of paper with

a message sent by telegraph He went straight to the club and asked if he
had
received any telegrams.

File 10
Useful words and phrases
WORDS DEFINITION
apartment n a set of rooms for living in, on
one floor of a building
assessment n the process of deciding what level a st
udent is at, or how much progress they
are making
candy n a sweet food made
from sugar or chocolate
cell phone n a phone that is connected to
the phone system by radio instead of by
a wire
check n a bill in a restaurant, etc.
compare v to examine or look for
the difference between two or more
things
compliment n a remark that expresses approval, admir
ation, or respect
continuous adj without a pause or interruption
contribution n something that you give or do
to help produce or achieve something
together with other people
cookie n a piece of information stored on your c
omputer about internet documents that
you have looked at
digitize v to put information into the form of
the numbers 0 and 1, so that it can
be understood and used by a computer
earphones n pl an electrical device that fits over or
in your ears, allowing you
to listen to music
EXAMPLES
My apartment is on the fourth floor
In continuous assessment it is also much more
dif-
ficult to stop students from cheating by using
other peoples’ work from the internet
I don’t let my children eat candy
Can I use your cell phone to call home?
Can we have the check for the meal please?
Did you compare your results with the others?
At first the compliments were nice, but then a
New
York mum asked me to teach her two-year-old how
to talk like me
In continuous assessment it is also much more
difficult to stop students from cheating by using
other peoples’ work from the internet
When asked to identify America’s worst contribu-
tion, 32% of Americans pointed to film and
televi- sion
This cookie saves information about preferred
businesses segment, private or professional.
Millions of books have been digitized.
Each year, candidates are caught with high-tech
devices such as wireless earphones, as well as
pens and watches with tiny scanners.

34
economy n the system of trade and industry by
which the wealth of a country is made
and used
elevator n a device like a box that moves up and
down, carrying people or goods from
one floor of a building to another
endurance n the ability to keep doing
something difficult, unpleasant,
or painful for a long time
entrance exam n an exam that you take to
be accepted into a school
essay n a short piece of writing on
a particular subject, especially one
done by students
faucet n a device that controls the flow of liqu
id, especially water, from a pipe
high school n a school in the US for older children,
usually children from grades 9-12
identify v to recognize someone or something and
say or prove who or what that person or
thing is
intense adj extreme and forceful or (of a feeling)
very strong
movie theater n a theatre where people pay to watch fil
ms
multiple-choice adj A multiple-choice test or question is
one in which you are given
a list of answers and you have
to choose the correct one
papers n pl official documents
parking lot n an outside area of ground where you
can leave a car for a period of time
restroom n a room with toilets that is in
a public place,
scanners n pl a device for making images of the
reading information into
a computer system
scarce adj not easy to find or get
sidewalk n a path with a hard surface on one or
both sides of a road,
that people walk on
awesome adj extremely good
cram v to do many things in
a short period of time
creepy adj strange or unnatural and making
you feel frightened
dramatically adv in a sudden and surprising way that
is easy to notice
eccentric adj strange or unusual, sometimes in
a humorous way
era n a period of time known for particular e
vents or developments
hoot v to make a short loud high sound
invigilator n a person whose job is
to watch people taking
an exam in order to check that they do
not cheat
35
The US had the world’s biggest economy until it
was
overtaken by China in 2013
Take the elevator to the twentieth floor
The exam is almost universally hated for testing
endurance rather than intelligence.
We have to take a three-day-long national
university
entrance exam
The essay question changes every time to reduce
cheating.
The faucet is broken so I can’t wash my hands
After high school I want to go to university
When asked to identify America’s worst contribu-
tion, 32% of Americans pointed to film and
televi- sion
Most Chinese families have only one child so the
pressure on candidates is intense.
There are no good movies on at the movie theatre
I find multiple-choice questions very easy
because
you can always guess one of the options
Please sit quietly while we give out the exam
papers
If you see a parking lot, tell me. I need to
park the car near here.
The restroom needs to be cleaned. It smells bad.
Each year, candidates are caught with high-tech
devices such as wireless earphones, as well as
pens and watches with tiny scanners
University places are scarce in China and many
students go abroad to study.
Bikes are not allowed on the sidewalk.
In America, people in shops say things like,
‘Ma’am,
you have been an awesome customer today,’ just
because I bought some toilet paper.
I need to cram for my exam in two days.
Hanging a giant flag from your house is a little
bit
creepy.
The number of candidates who sit the exam has
fallen
dramatically in recent years, from 10.2 million
in 2009 to 9 million this year
His behaviour is strange. Some call it eccentric.
I wish I lived in a different era: one in the
past, when life was slower.
You are not allowed to hoot your car horn after
10 p.m
An invigilator makes sure test rooms are fair.
overweight adj too heavy or too fat
An increasing number of people are eating too
much
and becoming overweight
prohibit v to officially refuse to allow something
Some city centres prohibit the drinking of
alcohol on
the street.

reform v to make China may not need to reform the gaokao after
an improvement, especially by changing all – it will reform the rest of us.
the structure of something
stakes n pl a share or a financial involvement in
something such The stakes are very high indeed: a place in a
top
university will almost always lead to a high-
paid job after graduation

36