Прохорова А.А., Рушинская И.С. - Learn More About the English-Speaking World - a... practice workbook for intermediate students (with answers) - Узнайте больше об англоязычном мире

А.А.
Прохорова
И.С. Рушинская
Узнайте больше
об англоязычном мире:
(
, )
Learn More About

the English-Speaking World
A self-study reference and practice
workbook for intermediate students
(with answers)
2-е издание, стереотипное
Москва
Издательство « »
2015
811.111
81.2
78
Ре ц е н з е н т :
Г.М. Вишневская, доктор филологических наук, профессор;

профессор Межрегионального центра гуманитарного образования
ФГБОУ ВПО «Ивановский государственный университет»,
действительный член Российской Академии Естествознания
(академик РАЕ)
Прохорова А.А.
П78 . Learn More About
the English-Speaking World [ ] : учеб. пособие
/ А.А. Прохорова, И.С. Рушинская. — 2- ., . —
.: , 2015. — 176 с.
ISBN 978-5-9765-2511-5
Пособие содержит справочные материалы по

страноведению на английском языке для самостоятельной
работы. Материалы представлены в виде обзорной информации
об англоязычных странах, диагностического теста на основе
визуальных опор, заданий для релаксации, дополнительных
сведений по заявленной тематике, ключей для самопроверки.
Целью пособия является повышение уровня компетенции по
страноведческому аспекту, являющемуся частью вузовского курса
английского языка.
Для широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский язык и
стремящихся углубить и расширить свои культурологические и
языковые знания о странах англоязычного мира.
ББК 81.2Англ
УДК 811.111
ISBN 978-5-9765-2511-5 © Прохорова А.А., 2015

© Рушинская И.С., 2015
© Издательство « », 2015
Contents
Предисловие..............................................................................4
A Word to Students....................................................................8
Unit A.The English-Speaking World in Brief....................... 11
Unit B. The Quiz on the English-Speaking World
in Pictures....................................................................33
Unit С. Learning English Can Be Fun....................................85
Unit D. It’s Interesting to Know............................................ 113
Keys.......................................................................................... 151
Glossary ...................................................................................156
Библиография....................................................................... 169
Об авторах.......................................................................... 171
Рекомендуемые публикации........................................... 172
3
Предисловие
В настоящем пособии собраны справочные материалы по стра-
новедению на английском языке для самостоятельного изучения.
Пособие является универсальным и может быть рекомендовано
к использованию широким кругом лиц, изучающих английский
язык как самостоятельно, так и в системе образования.
При переходе на двухуровневый формат вузовского обучения
всё более возрастает необходимость внеаудиторной работы сту-
дентов над языком. При этом меняется роль преподавателя: сни-
жается его функция как источника информации, и усиливается
его позиция как помощника, советчика, консультанта. Работа с
материалом данного пособия поможет формированию у студен-
тов навыков самостоятельного приобретения культурологиче-
ских знаний.
В предлагаемых справочных материалах представлены общие
сведения по пяти ведущим англоязычным странам: Великобри-
тании, США, Канаде, Австралии и Новой Зеландии. Также пред-
ставлена информация о Cодружестве наций; дан список других
стран, входящих в понятие “The English-Speaking World”. Сведе-
ния приводятся по состоянию на 2014г. и учитывают информа-
ционные процессы, происходившие как в последние десятилетия
ХХ века, так и в первые годы XXI столетия.
Основная цель настоящей работы заключается в повышении
уровня лингвострановедческой компетенции и в формирова-
нии социокультурной грамотности тех, кто изучает эти справоч-
ные материалы. Пособие отвечает современным тенденциям в
обучении иностранным языкам в вузах России, т. к. страноведе-
ние является обязательной частью программы вузовской подго-
товки и находит свое отражение в online-тестировании. Однако
предлагаемое учебное издание не претендует на роль базового
учебника по страноведению: оно представляет собой дополни-
тельный источник информации по этому аспекту.
Пособие состоит из четырех частей (units), подача материала в
которых носит нетрадиционный характер:
4
Unit A дает общую информацию о Содружестве наций и каж-
дой из пяти стран обзорно в виде profiles, куда включены офици-
альное название, герб, флаг, девиз, гимн, столица, форма правле-
ния (законодательная и исполнительная) и т. д.
Unit B содержит учебно-познавательный диагностический тест
(quiz), составленный на основе визуальных опор (иллюстраций,
карт, портретов, картинок, фотографий). Выполняя этот тест,
студенты расширяют и углубляют свои знания об англоязычном
мире. Тест состоит из 36 тематических разделов, где представлены
различные задания: карты, гербы, официальные правительствен-
ные резиденции; портреты монархов, президентов, исторических
деятелей, известных людей (писателей, музыкантов, ученых и
т. д.); города и их достопримечательности; флора, фауна; нацио-
нальная валюта, учебные заведения, различные организации (по-
литические, военные, спортивные); национальные традиции и
прочее. Студенты соотносят иллюстрации с ответами, приведен-
ными ниже. Степень простого угадывания снижается за счет на-
личия среди ответов в каждом задании двух лишних вариантов.
Unit C носит познавательно-развлекательный характер и вклю-
чает игровые задания-угадайки, кроссворды, анаграммы, ребусы.
В занимательной форме студенты получают интересную инфор-
мацию об изучаемых странах. Выполнение этих заданий способ-
ствует поддержанию интереса к изучению англоязычного мира.
Unit D состоит из нескольких разделов, содержащих, по мне-
нию авторов, учебные материалы, напрямую связанные с заяв-
ленной тематикой: исторические справки о населении англоя-
зычных стран, британских монархах, Британской империи, ныне
царствующей королевской династии, списки премьер-мини-
стров, президентов, перечень штатов США и информация о них,
географические карты. Познавательный характер этих материа-
лов очевиден. Иллюстрации облегчают процесс изучения и дела-
ют его более эффективным.
Каждая часть пособия начинается с интересного утверждения
и эпиграфа (цитаты выдающегося деятеля или пословицы), что
5
создает эмоциональный импульс для учебно-познавательного
процесса.
Все задания пособия имеют ключи для самопроверки. В то же
время материалы пособия дают простор для разработки препо-
давателем своих собственных творческих заданий для контроля
знаний студентов в аудитории.
Данное учебное издание предназначено для студентов, облада-
ющих достаточными познаниями в английском языке и умеющих
работать со словарем. Однако для облегчения чтения и понима-
ния прочитанного оно снабжено постраничным реально-язы-
ковым комментарием в форме глоссария, в который включены
трудные слова и словосочетания, географические названия, име-
на собственные, специальная терминология с транскрипцией и
переводом.
Пособие завершается библиографией, информацией об ав-
торах и списком их отдельных научных и учебно-методических
публикаций.
В процессе работы над пособием использовались печатные ис-
точники (учебные пособия, словари, страноведческие справоч-
ники) и ресурсы Интернета. Собранный аутентичный материал
подвергался адаптации к уровню обученности студентов I-II кур-
сов вузов (intermediate level) и методической обработке.
Материалы пособия, как представляется, могут быть востре-
бованы в вузах России для подготовки студентов к экзамену по
английскому языку в аспекте «Страноведение», включая мини-
стерское компьютерное тестирование. Кроме того, эти материалы
могут быть использованы не только для академической деятель-
ности (аудиторной и самостоятельной), но и для внеклассной ра-
боты со студентами при подготовке страноведческих викторин,
олимпиад, вечеров.
Работа над пособием распределялась следующим образом:
Доцент И.С. Рушинская разработала профили Содружества
наций и пяти основных англоязычных стран (Unit A); разработа-
ла темы и варианты альтернативных ответов, составила диагно-
6
стический тест на основе визуальных опор (Unit B).
К.ф.н., доцент А.А. Прохорова подобрала материалы и разра-
ботала упражнения познавательно-развлекательного характера:
кроссворды, анаграммы, ребусы и другие творческие задания
(Unit C), создала к ним систему ответов.
Оба автора занимались подбором и систематизацией матери-
алов для Unit D, а также составлением ключей для самостоятель-
ной проверки и глоссария.
С 2009 года рабочие материалы пособия успешно апробирова-
лись в учебном процессе на факультете экономики и управления
Ивановского государственного энергетического университета, и
этот практический опыт был учтен при написании данного из-
дания.
Общая языковая редакция пособия осуществлялась И.С. Ру-
шинской. Полная допечатная подготовка: интернет-поиск ил-
люстрированных страноведческих материалов, сканирование,
верстка, корректура, вывод фотоформ, создание графических
элементов, а также разработка оригинал-макета учебного посо-
бия – выполнена А.А. Прохоровой.
В заключение следует отметить, что при отборе учебных ма-
териалов авторы ставили своей задачей не только повышение
уровня компетенции студентов по страноведению, но и более
значимую цель: заинтересовать студентов жизнью стран англо-
язычного мира, дать им полезную информацию об этих странах,
расширить кругозор учащихся, повысить их языковой и культур-
ный уровень, поскольку язык и культура неразрывно связаны,
дополняют и обогащают друг друга и, в конечном счете, объеди-
няют народы мира.
7
A Word to Students
“Language is the dress of thought.”
Samuel Johnson /1709-1784/,
an English writer and lexicographer
The modern political and economic situation in Russia, the

development of cross-cultural relations and business cooperation
demand a new type of a non-philologist specialist, a multilingual one,
who can use several languages as a means of communication in our
global society. In order to be able to interact in the contemporary
international community, one needs quite sufficient knowledge of
at least one foreign language (nowadays even more!) to successfully
cope with the situations which may occur in the professional activities
worldwide.
The growth of tourism and wide opportunities to study or to work
abroad promote the use of a foreign language as a way of exploring
the world and national cultures, as well as a tool of overcoming cross-
cultural misunderstandings.
To know a foreign language does not mean only to know its phonetic
system, grammar and vocabulary. It also implies the knowledge of the
country, the people and their intellectual heritage.
At present there are more than two thousand languages and dialects
on our planet. English is spread and spoken all over the world being
the first language for international communication. It is the language
of the world diplomacy, business, science, culture and one of the five
official languages used in the United Nations Organization.
English is the common language in the Commonwealth of Nations,
an association of 53 independent states, the former colonies of the
British Empire. It is the state or national language of such leading
countries as Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand
and others, which comprise the English-speaking world.
The English language civilization is one of the richest and greatest
on our Earth. And when one studies English, alongside with it, one
8
should study the societies where it is spoken, i.e. their geography,
history, education, science, culture, traditions, etc.
This workbook is designed for very practical purposes: firstly,
to acquaint you, its readers, with the English-speaking countries in
brief; secondly, to make you interested in the life of these countries
so as to enlarge your intercultural competence; thirdly, to intensify
your English-learning motivations. Another important aim of this
workbook is to help you to evaluate your progress in the international
studies, to diagnose your drawbacks and to remedy them later.
The materials collected in the workbook are diverse: the profiles
of the Commonwealth of Nations and its five leading countries, a
diagnostic test on the English-speaking world in pictures, a number
of special sections containing related country studies resources. The
keys to the tasks will help you to see which questions you answered
correctly and incorrectly and what practical work you are to do in
order to review, to improve, to progress. The glossary at the end of the
workbook will be of use, too.
We also believe that you will have a good time and some fun while
doing the tasks for relaxation given in the workbook because, as the
English proverb goes, there is a time for work and a time for play.
In conclusion, we would like to quote the famous English philosopher
Francis Bacon (1561-1626): ‘‘Studies serve for delight, for ornament
and for ability.’’
So, go ahead and may success attend you!
From the authors with hope
that you will enjoy their creation
A Word of Thanks
The authors gratefully acknowledge the professional assistance
of Professor Dr. Galina M. Vishnevskaya (Ivanovo State University,
Russia), Full Member (Academician) of the Russian Academy of
Natural History and express their gratitude for her useful ideas, true
interest and sincere encouragement.
9
The Map of the British Empire
‘‘The sun never sets in the British Empire.’’

( A favourite statement in those times)
10
Unit A
The English-Speaking World
in Brief
‘‘Facts are stubborn things.’’
(A proverb)
‘‘Every country has its customs’’ because

‘‘so many countries, so many customs.’’
(Proverbs)
11
Unit A
The Profile of the Commonwealth of Nations
From 1931 till 1947 this Headquarters:

organization was called the Marlborough House, London, UK
British Commonwealth of Nations
(Британское Содружество на- Language: English
ций) and included the countries
which were formerly parts of Membership: 53 Sovereign States
the British Empire. In 1947 it
became the Commonwealth of Leaders: The British Monarch is
Nations (Содружество наций). the Head of the Commonwealth.
At present, the Commonwealth The Secretary-General is the
is an association of 53 Head of the Commonwealth
independent states, consulting Secretariat.
and co-operating in the common
interests of their peoples and in Establishment:
the promotion of international Balfour Declaration 18 November
understanding and world peace. 1926;
The Commonwealth’s 2 billion Statute of Westminster 11
citizens, about 30 per cent of the December 1931;
world’s population, have different London Declaration 28 April
faiths, races, cultures and 1949.
traditions. 17 sovereign countries
of the Commonwealth (Canada, Area: 31,462,574 km²
Australia, New Zealand and the
United Kingdom among them) Population: 1,921,974,000
recognize the British Monarch as
the head of their states. Website:Thecommonwealth.org
12
The English-Speaking World in Brief
Do you know that:
Canada has the longest coastline in the world?
Singapore is the most highly developed nation in the Commonwealth?
Half of the people in the Commonwealth lives in India?
The people of Papua New Guinea speak over 700 different languages?
All the countries of the Commonwealth share English as a common

language?
One-third of the world’s young people live in the Commonwealth?
India was called ‘the Jewel in the Crown’ due to its highly profitable
trade exports?
Every four years the Commonwealth’s members celebrate the

Commonwelth Games, the world’s second largest multi-sport event
after the Olympic Games?
The Members of the Commonwealth of Nations
Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Belize, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus,
Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica,
Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua
New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, the United Kingdom, Vanuatu,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
13
Unit A
THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD
Sovereign States
Country Continent Population
Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean 85,000

Bahamas Caribbean 331,000
Barbados Caribbean 294,000
Belize Central America/Caribbean 288,000
Botswana Africa 1,882,000
Cameroon Africa 18,549,000
Canada North America 33,531,000
Cook Islands Oceania 20,000
Dominica Caribbean 73,000
Eritrea Africa 6,234,000
Federated States of Oceania 111,000
Micronesia
Fiji Oceania 828,000
Gambia Africa 1,709,000
Ghana Africa 23,478,000
Grenada Caribbean 106,000
Guyana South America / Caribbean 738,000
India Asia 1,247,540,000
Ireland Europe 4,581,000
Jamaica Caribbean 2,714,000
Kenya Africa 37,538,000
Kiribati Oceania 95,000
Lesotho Africa 2,008,000
Liberia Africa 3,750,000
Malawi Africa 13,925,000
Malta Europe 430,000
Marshall Islands Oceania 59,000
Mauritius Africa / Indian Ocean 1,262,000
Namibia Africa 2,074,000
Nauru Oceania 10,000
14
New Zealand Oceania 4,294,000

Nigeria Africa 148,093,000
Niue Oceania 1,600
Pakistan Asia 165,449,000
Palau Oceania 20,000
Papua New Guinea Oceania 6,331,000
Philippines Asia 90,457,000
Rwanda Africa 9,725,000
Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean 50,000
Saint Lucia Caribbean 165,000
Saint Vincent and the Caribbean 120,000
Grenadines
Samoa Oceania 188,000
Seychelles Africa / Indian Ocean 87,000
Sierra Leone Africa 5,866,000
Singapore Asia 5,312,400[18]
Solomon Islands Oceania 507,000
Somaliland Africa 3,500,000
South Africa Africa 47,851,000
South Sudan Africa 8,260,000
Sudan Africa 31,894,000
Swaziland Africa 1,141,000
Tanzania Africa 40,454,000
Tonga Oceania 100,000
Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean 1,333,000
Tuvalu Oceania 11,000
Uganda Africa 30,884,000
Vanuatu Oceania 226,000
Zambia Africa 11,922,000
Zimbabwe Africa 13,349,000
15
Unit A
Dependent Entities
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Europe 15,700
American Samoa Oceania 67,700
Anguilla Caribbean 13,000
Bermuda North America 65,000
British Virgin Islands Caribbean 23,000
Cayman Islands Caribbean 47,000
Christmas Island Australia 1,508
Curaçao Caribbean 150,563
Falkland Islands South Atlantic 3,000
Gibraltar Europe 29,257
Guam Oceania 173,000
Hong Kong Asia 7,097,600
Isle of Man Europe 80,058
Jersey Europe 89,300
Norfolk Island Australia 1,828
Northern Mariana Oceania 53,883
Islands
Pitcairn Islands Oceania 50
Puerto Rico Caribbean 3,991,000
Sint Maarten Caribbean 40,900
Turks and Caicos Caribbean 26,000
Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands Caribbean 111,000
16
It’s interesting to know that:
The status of English as a country’s official language does not
necessarily correlate with the number of English speakers in this
country. India, for example, with a population of 1.1 billion, has
fewer than 200,000 native speakers of English and approximately 100
million second-language English speakers (who form less than 10% of
its population). Nigeria, on the other hand, has a small percentage of
Standard English second-language speakers; however, more than 60%
of its population speak Nigerian Pidgin English, which, although not a
dialect of English, does contain many English words and possesses an
English-like grammatical structure.
In some countries English is the dominant language, but it does not
have an official status. In Australia, English is spoken by the vast majority
of the population and is the only language used in the government
institutions, yet Australia does not have an official language. This is
the same in the US and the UK, although some states within the US or
regions within the UK have English as an official language. Almost all
of these countries are current or former colonies or dependencies of
the UK or the United States (the latter also started as a British colony).
The notable exception is Madagascar, which is a former French colony
with English speaking neighbours. Several of these nations, like India,
Canada and the Philippines, use English as an official language but not
the only official language. However, many people from the countries
in this list (for example, the Indians) do not speak English at all. These
nations total 2.135 billion people and cover 15,583,152 square miles.
17
Unit A
The Profile of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
The UK official flag is called the Union Flag or the Union Jack. It
consists of the red cross of Saint George (the patron saint of England),
edged in white, the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (the patron saint
of Ireland) and the white diagonal cross of Saint Andrew (the patron
saint of Scotland). Wales is not represented.
The Royal Coat of Arms depicts the lions symbolizing England and
the Monarchy, the chained Unicorn symbolizing Scotland and the Harp
which is the emblem of Northern Ireland.
18
Motto: God And My Right
Anthem: God Save the Queen
Capital (and the largest city): London
Official Language: English
National Languages: Scottish, Irish, Welsh (валлийский)
Status: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
Government: the British Monarch, the Prime Minister
Area: 244,820 km²
Population: 60,587,300
Currency: Pound sterling (£),(GBP)
Internet Top Level Domain (TLD): .uk
Calling code: +44
Historically, the country is divided into counties. At present,

the four main administrative parts (England, Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland) consist of regions and areas, which are subdivided
into counties and districts.
19
Unit A
The Profile of England
Capital (and the largest city):
London
Motto: God and My Right
Anthem: God Save the Queen

St. George’s Flag is England’s Flag
Territory: 130,395 km²
St. George’s Day: 23rd April
Patron Saint: Saint George
The Yeoman
Warder or the
Beefeater is a
The Royal Coat of Arms guard at the
is the symbol of the English Tower of London.
Throne.
The national
flower of England
is the rose. The
flower has been
adopted as
England’s emblem since the time
of the Wars of the Roses, the civil
wars (1455-1485) between the
royal house of Lancaster (whose Stonehenge is a stone-age
emblem was a red rose) and monument. It was erected in the
the royal house of York (whose Bronze Age in 2000-2500 B.C.
emblem was a white rose). (before Christ= до н.э.)
20
The Profile of Scotland
National Languages:
Scottish, Gaelic
The Flag of Scotland, known as Population: 5,116,900

St. Andrew’s Cross, dates from the
9th century. Patron Saint: Saint Andrew
St. Andrew’s Day: 30th November
Ben Nevis
(1,343m.)is
the highest
peak in the
The Royal Coat of Arms British Isles.
The national A piper, playing

flower of Scotland the Great Highland
is the thistle, Bagpipe. The piper
which was first is dressed in a
used in the 15th kilt, the Scottish
century as a national skirt.
symbol of defence.
The independence sentiments
Motto: No One Provokes Me With in Scotland are very strong. In
Impunity the 2014 referendum, the Scottish
people voted for or against the
Capital: Edinburgh separation from the UK. The
Largest City: Glasgow result was 44.7% for vs. 55.3%
against. So Scotland remains part
Official Language: English of the kingdom. Better together!
21
Unit A
The Profile of Wales
The English name Wales
originates from the Germanic
word Walha, meaning foreigner.
The Welsh call themselves Cymry
and their country Cymru in
The Welsh Flag Welsh, which mean compatriots.
Wales is often known by the
phrase the Land of Song because
its people are fond of singing,
music and poetry.
The principal Welsh festival of
music and poetry is the National
Eisteddfod, which takes place
The Coat of Arms annually in a different town or
city.
Motto: Wales Forever
The Flag
Anthem: Land of My Fathers of Saint David
Capital (and the largest city): The British Union Flag has
Cardiff the flags of Scotland, Northern
Ireland and England, but does not
Official Language: English have any Welsh representation.
The Flag of Saint David is
National Language: Welsh sometimes used as an alternative
to the national flag and is flown
Territory: 20,779 km² on St. David’s Day.
The national flower of Wales is
Population: 2,958,6001 the daffodil. The vegetable called
leek is also a traditional emblem
Patron Saint: Saint David of Wales.
On St. David’s Day, Welshmen
St. David’s Day: 1st March wear a daffodil or a leek.
22
The Profile of Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland consists of
26 districts. Together they are
commonly called Ulster (Оль-
стер).
Some people call Ireland the

Emerald Isle because the colour of
the grass there is bright green.
The national flower of Northern
The green colour is the colour Ireland is the shamrock, a plant
of Northern Ireland. with three heart-shaped leaves (a
three-leaf plant), similar to clover.
Motto: Who Shall Separate? An Irish tale tells of how Patrick
used the three-leaf shamrock to
Anthem: God Save the Queen, explain the Trinity. He used it
Londonderry Air (de facto) in his sermons to represent how
the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Capital (and the largest city): Spirit could all exist as separate
Belfast elements of the same entity. St.
Patrick’s Day is an official bank
Official Language: English holiday in Northern Ireland.
National Language: Irish
Patron Saint: Saint Patrick
St. Patrick’s Day: 17th March

Saint Patrick
23
Unit A
The Profile of the USA
The White House is the

home and work place of the US
The 50 stars on the flag president.
represent the 50 US states, and
the 13 stripes represent the
original thirteen colonies that
rebelled against the British crown
and became the first states. The
nicknames for the flag include the
Stars and Stripes, Old Glory and
the Star-Spangled Banner. The United States Capitol
houses the US Congress (the
American parliament).
The Great Seal Wall Street is the business

centre of the USA, where the New
The ship ‘‘Mayflower’’ York Stock Exchange is situated.
transported the Pilgrims to the
New World in 1620, and its active
colonization began.
24
Motto: In God We Trust The American cultural icons
are the apple pie, baseball, and the
Anthem: The Star-Spangled American flag.
Banner
Capital: Washington, D.C.
Largest city: New York City
Official languages: None

Mount Rushmore (Gutzon
National language: English Boglum, the sculptor) is a massive
structure of the four prominent
Status: Federal, presidential, American presidents: George
constitutional republic Washington, Thomas Jefferson,
Theodore Roosevelt, Abraham
Government: President, Lincoln.
Vice-President, Cabinet of
Ministers, Secretary of State The film studios of Hollywood
(the district of Los Angeles,
Independence from Great Britain: California) produce most of the
July 4, 1776 (now a national successful movies in the world
holiday) and today dominate the global
film industry.
Territory: 9,529,063 km²
(4th country in the world) The abbreviation ‘‘US’’ has two
meanings:
Population: 303,229,000 (a) the United States, i.e. the
(3rd country in the world) name of the country;
(b)_Uncle Sam (Дядюшка
Currency: United States dollar Сэм) = the nickname of the US
($) (USD) government and the American
nation.
25
Unit A
The Profile of Canada
Canada’s flag depicts the maple

leaf, the Canadian symbol which Capital: Ottawa
dates back to the early 18th
century. Largest city: Toronto
Official languages:
English, French
Status: Parliamentary democracy

and federal constitutional
monarchy
Government:
The Royal Coat of Arms The British Monarch
Governor-General
Canada, being part of the Prime Minister
British Commonwealth, shares
the Royal Coat of Arms with the Area: 9,984,670 km² (the 2nd
United Kingdom of Great Britain country in the world after Russia)
and Northern Ireland.
Motto: From Sea to Sea
Currency: Canadian dollar ($)
Anthem: O Canada (CAD)
Royal anthem: God Save the Internet TLD: .ca

Queen
Calling code: +1
26
The Royal Canadian Mounted The name Canada comes from

Police is one of the Canadian the word kanata, meaning village
symbols, along with the maple or settlement. Jacques Cartier,
leaf, beaver, Canada goose, the explorer of Canada, misused
common loon and the Crown. this word to refer to not only the
village, but the entire area of the
country.
Ice Hockey, the national winter

sport in Canada, is represented by
the National Hockey League (NHL) The Horseshoe Fall in Ontario
at the highest level. is the largest component of the
Niagara Falls.
27
Unit A
The Profile of Australia
Anthem: Advance Australia Fair
Official name:
The Commonwealth of Australia
(Австралийский союз)
The blue colour of the Capital: Canberra
Australian Flag represents
Australia as an island continent Largest city: Sydney
and as the blue sky; the Union
Flag reflects Australia’s history as Official language: English
a former British colony. The five
white stars represent the Southern Status: Parliamentary democracy
Cross, referring to the four and constitutional monarchy
moral virtues: justice, prudence,
temperance and fortitude. Government:
The British Monarch
Governor-General
Prime Minister
Area: 7,741,220 km²
The Coat of Arms depicts Currency: Australian dollar

the emblems of Australia: the (AUD)
Commonwealth Star, the Red
Kangaroo and the Emu, and the Internet TLD: .au
floral emblem - the Golden Wattle.
Calling code: +61
28
Lieutenant James Cook charted

the east coast of Australia on Bark
The koala and the eucalyptus Endeavour, claiming the land for
form the iconic Australian pair. Great Britain in 1770.
Port Arthur, Tasmania was

Most Australians live in urban Australia’s largest goal for
areas. Sydney is the most populous transported convicts.
city in the country.
The Super Pit in Kalgoorlie is

Perth is now the most expensive Australia’s largest open cut gold
city in Australia to live. mine.
29
Unit A
The Profile of New Zealand
Anthems:
God Defend New Zealand
God Save the Queen
Official name: The Realm of New

Zealand (Королевство Новая
The New Zealand Flag Зеландия)
represents the history of the
country as a part of the British Capital: Wellington
Empire and its location in the
southern hemisphere Largest city: Auckland
Official languages:
English (98%), Māori (4.2%)
Status: Parliamentary democracy

and constitutional monarchy
Government:
The British Monarch
Governor-General
The Coat of Arms depicts the Prime Minister
Southern Cross constellation, the
golden fleece representing the Area: 268,680 km²
farming industry, the wheat sheaf
representing agriculture, the two Population: 4,239,300
hammers representing mining
and industry. The broad vertical Currency: New Zealand dollar
strip with three ships reflects the (NZD)
importance of sea trade and the
immigrant nature of all New Internet TLD: .nz
Zealanders. The crown represents
the British Monarch. Calling code: +64
30
Aoraki or Mount Cook is the Agriculture is the main export

tallest mountain in New Zealand. industry in New Zealand.
‘‘Pavlova cake’’ is named after the

famous Russian ballet dancer
Found nowhere else, the flightless Anna Pavlova, who in 1926 made
kiwi is the national icon. a tour around New Zealand.
This cake is the perfect dessert
because it is fat free. It is one of
the New Zealand best recipes.
Auckland is the economic centre

of the country; the Sky Tower is
in the background. Wellington view
31
‘‘Examinations are formidable even to the best
prepared, for the greatest fool may ask more
than the wisest man can answer.’’
Charles Caleb Colton /1780-1832/,
an English cleric and writer
32
Unit B
The Quiz on the English-
Speaking World in Pictures
‘‘The reward of a thing well done
is to have done it.’’
Ralph Waldo Emerson /1803-1882/,
an American philosopher and a romantic poet
33
Unit B
Directions:
Study the tables and match the numbered pictures with the
alternatives about them, marked by the letters. One letter may be used
only once. There are two extra alternatives in each table, which you are
not to use.
The 36 tables of the quiz contain 250 illustrations. Mind the through
numbering in all the tables. You are to write your choices on the answer
sheet.
Some of the tables are harder than the others, but try to answer
every question in each table. If you are not sure of the correct answer
to a question, make the best guess you can. A guess answer is better
than no answer.
On doing the quiz, compare your answers with the keys and evaluate
your results. Then work on your weaknesses.
Now begin to do the quiz.
34
The Quiz on the English-Speaking World in Pictures
I. The Geographical Maps
1. 2.
3. 4.
(A) New Zealand (B) Ireland

(C) Canada (D) The UK
(E) The USA (F) Australia
II. The National/Official Flags
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
11.
35
Unit B
(A) The Union Jack
(B) The Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations
(C) The Star-Spangled Banner
(D) The Flag of England
(E) The Welsh Flag
(F) The Flag of Scotland
(G) Australia's Flag
(H) Canada's Flag
(I) The New Zealand Flag
III. The Coats of Arms
12. 13. 14.
15. 16. 17.
(A) The Royal Coat of Arms (the UK, Canada)

(B) The USA Coat of Arms
(C) The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland
(D) The Coat of Arms of the English Throne
(E) The Welsh Coat of Arms
(F) The New Zealand Coat of Arms
(G) The Irish Coat of Arms
(H) The Australian Coat of Arms
36
IV. The National/Popular Symbols
18. 19.
20. 21.
(A) The Statue of Liberty

(B) The Old Glory
(C) The USA Great Seal
(D) The Statue of Britannia
(E) Mount Rushmore
(F) The Star-Spangled Banner
V. The Official Residences
22. 23.
37
Unit B
24. 25.
26. 27.
28. 29. 30.
(A) Buckingham Palace, the UK royal residence

(B) 10 Downing Street, the UK prime minister's residence
(C) Marlborough House, the headquarters of the Commonwealth of
Nations
(D) Westminster Palace, the Houses of the UK Parliament
(E) The White House, the home and the workplace of the US
president
(F) The Capitol, the seat of the US Congress
(G) The House of Representatives, the New Zealand one-chamber
parliament work place
(H) Windsor Castle, one of the UK royal summer residences
(I) The House of Lords, the seat of the upper chamber of the UK
parliament
(J) The Parliament House of Australia
(K) The Parliament House of Canada
38
VI. The Native Population
31. 32. 33.
34. 35.
(A) A Celt, an ancient inhabitant of England

(B) An Eskimo, a Canadian native inhabitant
(C) An Indian, a native inhabitant of America
(D) A New Zealand Maori
(E) An Australian Aborigine
(F) An American Mexican
(G) An Afro-American
39
Unit B
VII. The Invaders, Discoverers, Explorers of
the New Lands
36. 37.
38. 39. 40.
41. 42.
(A) Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America (born in

Genoa, Italy)
(B) Samuel de Champlain, the French explorer and the founder of
Quebec City
(C) Julius Caesar, the Roman invader of the British Isles
(D)Amerigo Vespucci, the first explorer of America (born in
40
Florence, Italy)
(E) Leif Ericson, the Norwegian explorer of North America
(F) Jacques Cartier, the French founder of Canada
(G) Captain James Cook, the English explorer of Australia
(H) Abel Tasman, the Dutch explorer of New Zealand
(I) Captain Arthur Philip, the first Australian governor (born in
England)
VIII. The British Monarchs
43. 44. 45.
46. 47. 48.
(A) William the Conqueror (1066-1154): the Duke of Normandy,

France; he defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of Hastings (a town)
and was crowned as the English king William I from the Norman
dynasty; London became the capital of the country (1066); the Tower
of London was built.
41
Unit B
(B) Henry VI (1422-1461 from the Lancaster dynasty): during his
reign the War of the Roses between the House of York (the white rose)
and the House of Lancaster (the red rose) for the English throne was
waged.
(C) Henry VIII (1509-1547 from the Tudor dynasty): he initiated

the reformation of the country, founded the Anglican Church (Ан-
гликанская церковь) or the Church of England, the head of which
was the English monarch but not the Roman Pope; England became a
strong absolute monarchy.
(D) Mary I (1553-1558 from the Tudor dynasty): the first daughter of
Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon (Spain), who restored Catholicism
and ruthlessly executed the supporters of the Reformation, for which
she was called Bloody Mary (Кровавая Мэри).
(E) Elizabeth I (1558-1603 from the Tudor dynasty): the second

daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; her reign is called the
Elizabethan Age, characterized by a special architectural style, in
which feudal castles were no longer built and the domestic architecture
of manor houses made of timber and bricks with glass windows
developed; England became a great sea power, its colonial policy grew
rapidly.
(F) George I (1714-1727 from the Hanoverian dynasty): the father

of the Georgian Age, characterized by the beautiful architectural style
of dignity, symmetry and the Greek and Gothic revivals; later the neo-
Gothic style was chosen for the Houses of Parliament, built in 1840-
1867 on the site of the Royal Palace of Westminster.
(G) Queen Victoria (1837-1901 from the Saxe-Coburg dynasty):

her reign is called the Victorian Age, characterized by stuffy and
hypocritical moral standards and behaviour; in architecture new
methods of construction using iron, steel, glass were introduced; the
London main railway station , Victoria Station, was built.
42
(H) Edward VII (1901-1910 from the Saxe-Coburg dynasty): his
reign is called the Edwardian Age, characterized by the rejection of
the Victorian strict morals in behaviour and clothing; the international
coalition of Great Britain, France and Russia was organized known as
“Entente”=Антанта (in French “Тройственное согласие”); later the
coalition consisted of 20 states, including the USA, Japan, Italy, fighting
against Germany in World War I.
IX. The Royal House of Windsor
49. 50.
51. 52.
53.
43
Unit B
(A) Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge (the queen's eldest
grandson), and his wife, the Duchess of Cambridge (born Catherine
Middleton)
(B) George VI (the queen's father) and his wife Queen Elizabeth,
the Queen Mother (королева-мать)
(С) Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, the Duke of
Edinburgh
(D) Prince Charles of Wales (the queen's eldest son) and his first
wife Lady Diana, the Princess of Wales (born Diana Spencer)
(E) Prince Andrew, the Duke of York (the queen's elder son), and
his wife, the Duchess of York
(F) Prince Edward (the queen's youngest son) and Princess Anne
(the queen's only daughter)
(G) Prince Charles of Wales and his second wife, the Duchess of
Cornwall (born Camilla Parker-Bowles)
X. The US Presidents
54. 55. 56.
57. 58. 59.
44
(A) Thomas Jefferson
(B) Abraham Lincoln
(C) Franklin Roosevelt
(D) John Adams
(E) George Washington
(F) Harry Truman
(G) Barack Obama
(H) John Kennedy
XI. The Headquarters of the World-Known

Organizations
60. 61.
62.
63. 64.
45
Unit B
65. 66.
(A) The World Trade Center, blown up in New York on September

11, 2001
(B) The Pentagon, the US military – industrial center in New York
(C) The NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization = Органи-
зация Североатлантического договора; Brussels, Belgium
(D) The NHL, the National Hockey League of the USA and Canada;
New York City, the USA
(E) The UNO, the United Nations Organization = ООН, Органи-
зация Объединенных Наций; New York, the USA
(F) The NASA, the US National Aeronautics and Space
Administration = Национальное управление по аэронавтике и ис-
следованию космического пространства; Houston, the USA
(G) The FBI, the Federal Bureau of Investigation = ФБР, Феде-
ральное бюро расследований, the US police department which
investigates matters of national security and protects political secrets;
Washington D.C., the USA
(H) The CIA, the Central Intelligence Agency = ЦРУ, Центральное
разведывательное управление, the USA department which gathers
secret civil and military information about other countries; Langley,
Virginia, the USA
(I) Marlborough House, London: the Commonwealth of Nations =
Содружество наций; the association of the UK former colonies, now
independent states.
46
XII. The National Currencies
67.
68.
69.
(A) The USD

(B) The AUD
(C) The NZD
(D) The GBP
(E) The CAD
47
Unit B
XIII. The Flora (the Plant Life)
70. 71. 72.
73. 74.
75.
(A) Pohutukawa, the national tree of New Zealand which is called

the New Zealand Christmas tree
(B) The eucalyptus, a tall tree widely grown in Australia
(C) The thistle, the national flower of Scotland
(D) The maple tree, the national tree of Canada
48
(E) The daffodil, the national flower of Wales
(F) The red rose, the national flower of England
(G) The leek, the national vegetable of Wales
(H) The shamrock, the national flower of Northern Ireland
XIV. The Fauna (the National Birds)
76. 77.
78. 79.
80.
49
Unit B
(A) The black-capped chickadee, a Canadian bird
(B) Robin Redbreast, the national bird of the UK
(C) The ruby-throated humming-bird, a Canadian bird
(D) The bald eagle, the US national bird of freedom
(E) The kiwi, the national bird of New Zealand
(F) The Canadian jay
(G) The emu, the national bird of Australia
XV. The Fauna (the Animal Life)
81. 82.
83. 84.
(A) The bobcat, a common North American beast

(B) The koala, the national animal of Australia
(C) The grizzly bear, a very large powerful beast of North America
(D) The dingo, the wild dog of Australia
(E) The polar bear, a very large powerful beast of the Arctic Regions
(F) The ground-hog, a small animal of the USA and Canada;
February 2 is the federal holiday named after this animal, Groundhog
Day, in both countries
50
XVI. The Animals and Birds after Which
Some of the US States are Nicknamed
85. 86.
87. 88.
89. 90.
91.
51
Unit B
(A) Alabama,the Yellowhammer State
(B) Iowa, the Hawkeye State
(C) Louisiana, the Pelican State
(D) Michigan, the Wolverine State
(E) Oregon, the Beaver State
(F) South Dakota, the Coyote State
(G) Utah, the Beehive State
(H) Wisconsin, the Badger State
(I) Connecticut, the Nutmeg State
XVII. The UK Saints, Saints’ Days, Emblems
92.
St. Andrew Thistle
30th November
93.
St. Patrick Shamrock / Flax
17th March
52
94.
St. George Red and White Rose
23rd April
95.
St. David Leek / Daffodil
1st March
(A) England
(B) The Irish Republic
(C) Wales
(D) Scotland
(E) Great Britain
(F) Northern Ireland
53
Unit B
XVIII. The UK Main Public Schools, Colleges,
Universities
96. 97.
98. 99.
100. 101.
102.
54
(A) Winchester College, the UK oldest public school founded in the
town of Winchester in 1382
(B) Trinity College, a part of Cambridge University founded in the
town of Cambridge in 1546, from which Prince Charles (the queen's
eldest son) graduated
(C) Eton College, one of the UK oldest public schools founded in
the town of Eton in 1440
(D) St. Andrews University, the oldest university of Scotland
founded in the town of St. Andrews in 1411, at which William (the
queen's eldest grandson) and Catherine Middleton (his wife) studied
and met first
(E) Rugby School, one of the UK oldest public schools founded in
the town of Rugby in 1567, where rugby football (rugger) originated
(F) Trinity College, a part of Oxford University founded in the
town of Oxford in 1554
(G) Harrow School, the UK most famous public school founded in
Harrow-on-the-Hill (the suburb of London) in 1571
(H) The Open University, founded in 1971 for those who study in
their free time
(I) London University, a Redbrick University founded in 1836, one
of the UK largest universities
XIX. The Main Universities of the USA,

Canada, Australia, New Zealand
103.
55
Unit B
104. 105.
106. 107.
108.
109.
56
(A) Harvard, the US oldest university founded in the American
town of Cambridge near Boston in 1636
(B) Yale, one of the US prestigious universities founded in
Connecticut in 1701
(C) Princeton, one of the US famous universities founded in New
Jersey in 1746
(D) The University of Melbourne, one of Australia's prestigious
universities founded in 1853
(E) The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university founded
in 1850
(F) Ottawa University, Canada's most famous university founded
in 1848
(G) The University of Toronto, Canada's prestigious university
founded in 1827
(H) The Victoria University of Wellington, the most prominent
university of New Zealand founded in 1897
(I) The New South Wales University of Technology, Australia's
technical university founded in 1949
XX. The UK Famous Places of Interest
110. 111.
57
Unit B
112.
113. 114.
115.
(A) Ben Nevis

(B) Stonehenge
(C) Castell Coch
(D) Canterbury Cathedral
(E) Loch Ness
(F) Loch Morar
(G) Caerleon Amphitheatre
(H) Edinburgh Castle
58
XXI. The Well-Known Sights of London
116. 117.
118. 119.
120.
121.
59
Unit B
122. 123.
(A) St. Paul's Cathedral

(B) The Bank of England
(C) Tower Bridge
(D) Westminster Abbey
(E) The British Museum
(F) The Tower of London
(G) The Royal Academy
(H) The Tate Gallery
(I) The Royal Opera House
(J) The National Gallery
XXII. The US Great Tourist Attractions
124.
60
125.
126. 127.
128. 129.
130.
61
Unit B
131. 132.
(A) Mount McKinley

(B) The Kennedy Center
(C) The World Trade Center (before the explosion)
(D) The Empire State Building
(E) The Niagara River
(F) The Library of the Congress
(G) The Watergate Complex
(H) The Hudson River and Hudson Bay
(I) The Metropolitan Opera
(J) The Niagara Falls
(K) Carnegie Hall
XXIII. The Views of Some Interesting Places

in Canada, Australia, New Zealand
133. 134.
62
135. 136.
137. 138.
139. 140.
141. 142.
63
Unit B
(A) A view of Wood Buffalo, the largest national park in Canada
and in the world
(B) A view of Ottawa, the capital of Canada
(C) The Super Pit in Kalgoorlie, Australia
(D) A view of Sydney, the Australian largest city
(E) A view of Canberra, the capital of Australia
(F) The Sky Tower in Auckland, New Zealand
(G) A view of Wellington, the capital of New Zealand
(H) The Anglican Cathedral in Christchurch, New Zealand
(I) Rideau Hall, the official residence of Canada's Governor –
General
(J) The Horseshoe Fall in Ontario, Canada
(K) A view of Toronto, the largest city in Canada
(L) Mount Logan in Canada
XXIV. The Best-Known Streets, Squares and
Quarters
143. 144.
145. 146.
64
147. 148.
149. 150.
(A) The central avenue in Wellington

(B) Times Square at the New Year's night, the main square in New
York
(C) Trafalgar Square, the main square in London
(D) Fleet Street in London, where most British newspapers have
their offices
(E) Whitehall in London, where the British government offices are
located
(F) Piccadilly Circus, a round square in London associated with
wealth, luxury and entertainment
(G) Bloomsbury, the London student quarter
(H) Wall Street in New York, the US national center of business and
finance
(I) James Street, the financial and business center in Montreal,
known as “Wall Street of Canada”
(J) Broadway, the symbol of the New York show business
65
Unit B
XXV. The UK Outstanding Poets and Writers
151. 152. 153.
154. 155. 156.
157. 158. 159.
160. 161.
66
(A) William Shakespeare, the British poet and playwright: numerous
sonnets, tragedies, comedies
(B) George Gordon Lord Byron, an English poet: hundreds of lyric
poems
(C) Percy Bysshe Shelley, an English poet and one of the leaders of
romanticism
(D) W.H. Davies, a famous Irish poet
(E) Robert Burns, a great Scottish poet
(F) Thomas Moore, the English poet of “Those Evening Bells”
(G) Rudyard Kipling, the first English Nobel laureate, the author of
the two “Jungle Books”
(H) John Galsworthy, the English novelist of the three trilogies “The
Forsyte Saga”, “A Modern Comedy”, “End of the Chapter”
(I) W.S. Maugham, the best short-story writer in English
(J) J.R.R. Tolkien, the author of the legends about ancient times
“The Lord of the Rings” (fantasy genre)
(K) George Bernard Shaw, an Irish dramatist and the author of the
play “Pygmalion”
(L) Bram Stoker, an Irish novelist and the author of the horror tale
“Dracula”
(M) Arthur Conan Doyle, the English writer of the numerous
Sherlock Holmes stories
XXVI. The US Outstanding Poets and Writers
162. 163. 164.
67
Unit B
165. 166. 167.
168. 169.
(A) James Fenimore Cooper, a romantic writer, the author of “The

Last of the Mohicans”
(B) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a poet who sympathized with
the anti-slavery movement in the USA
(C) Mark Twain (the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens);
Ernest Hemingway once wrote: “All modern American literature
comes from the book by Mark Twain called 'Huckleberry Finn'.”
(D) O'Henry (born William Sydney Porter), the author of numerous
short stories which have unexpected endings
(E) Jack London, the most popular novelist and short-story writer
of his day and the most attractive and romantic figure of his time
(F) John Steinbeck, a great American writer and a Nobel laureate
(G) Theodore Dreiser, a writer of critical realism who gave a true
picture of the American society
(H) Ernest Hemingway, the greatest American writer of his time
and a Nobel laureate
(I) Robert Frost, a great American poet who wrote about the moral
crisis of the modern human civilization
68
(J) Arthur Hailey, a modern American novelist of bestsellers with
dynamic and breath-taking plots
XXVII. The Outstanding Literary Masters of

Canada, Australia and New Zealand
170. 171. 172.
(A) Dyson Carter, a Canadian writer and the author of the novel
“Russia's Secret Weapon”
(B) Henry Lawson, a classic of Australia, a short-story writer and a
poet
(C) Stephen Butler Leacock, a Canadian humarist and satiric writer
(D) Patrick White, a contemporary writer of Australia, one of the
great English-language writers of the 20th century, a Nobel laureate
(E) Ngaio Marsh, a detective fiction writer of New Zealand
XXVIII. Some Pictures of the Well-Known

British and American Painters
173. 174.
69
Unit B
175.
177.
176.
A) “Penn's Treaty With the Indians” by Benjamin West (USA)

(B) “The White Horse” by John Constable (UK)
(C) “The Declaration of Independence” by John Trumbull (USA)
(D) “Mrs. Siddons” by Thomas Gainsborough (UK)
(E) A landscape painting of the Hudson River School (USA)
(F) “Madam X” by John Singer Sargent (USA)
(G) A painting of the Ash Can School (USA)
XXIX. The Famous Masters of Arts and Music
178. 179.
70
180. 181.
182. 183.
184. 185.
186. 187.
71
Unit B
(A) George Gershwin, an American pianist and composer, the
founder of the real American opera
(B) Benjamin West, the first US artist to paint people dressed in
their own clothes
(C) Frank Sinatra, an American singer and actor
(D) John Constable, a British painter
(E) Louis Armstrong, an American jazz musician
(F) George London, a Canadian singer
(G) Albert Namatjira, an Australian aborigine painter
(H) Benjamin Britten, the best-known British composer
(I) Henry Purcell, the founder of the British opera
(J) Lucian Freud, a modern British painter
(K) John Trumbull, an American historical painter
(L) Christopher Wren, Britain's most outstanding architect, called
the architect of London; his greatest masterpiece is St. Paul's Cathedral
XXX. The Prominent Scientists
188. 189.
190. 191.
72
192. 193. 194.
195. 196. 197.
(A) Albert Einstein, a physicist and a Nobel laureate: the General

Theory of Relativity (USA)
(B) Michael Faraday, the founder of electrodynamics and
electromagnetism (UK)
(C) Alexander Bell, the inventor of the telephone (USA)
(D) Isaac Newton, a physicist: the Law of Universal Gravitation
(UK)
(E) V. K. Zvorykin (born in Russia), the inventor of the TV tube
(USA)
(F) Adam Smith, the founder of the classical political economy (UK)
(G) Colin Murdoch, the inventor of the single use syringe (New
Zealand)
(H) F. M. Barnet, a virusologist, a Nobel laureate (Australia)
(I) Henry Ford, the first car-maker (USA)
(J) Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web (UK)
73
Unit B
(K) Clement Bowman, the Nobel Prize for the research in power
engineering: “Global Energy” (Canada)
(L) Ernest Rutherford, the founder of nuclear physics (New Zealand)
XXXI. The Renowned Women Masters of

Literature, Arts and Politics
198. 199. 200.
201. 202.
203. 204. 205.
74
206. 207. 208.
A) Jane Austin, an English writer

(B) Frances Hodgkins, a New Zealand abstract painter
(C) Charlotte Brontё, an English writer
(D) Katherine Mansfield, an English and a New Zealand writer
(E) Agatha Christie, an English detective story-writer
(F) Joan Sutherland, an Australian opera diva
(G) Virginia Woolf, an English writer
(H) Dimfna Cusach, a classic writer of Australia
(I) Katherine Prichard, an Australian writer
(J) Isadora Duncan, an American dancer and choreographer
(K) Alice Munro, a Canadian writer
(L) Mary Cassatt, an American painter
(M) Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister of the UK
XXXII. The Celebrated Directors/Producers,

Actors and Actresses
209. 210. 211.
75
Unit B
212. 213. 214.
215. 216. 217.
218. 219.
220. 221.
76
(A) Francis Coppola, an American director and script writer: “The
Godfather”
(B) Peter Jackson, a New Zealand director, script writer and
producer: “The Lord of the Rings”
(C) Nicole Kidman, an Australian actress: “Batman Forever”
(D) Pamela Anderson, a Canadian actress: “Show Girls”
(E) George Lucas, an American director and script writer: “Star
Wars”
(F) Steven Spielberg, an American director, producer, script writer:
“Jurassic Park”
(G) Julia Ormond, a British actress: “The First Knight”
(H) James Cameron, an American director and producer: “Titanic”
(I) Mel Gibson, an Australian actor: “What Women Want”
(J) Carrie-Ann Moss, a Canadian actress: “Spider-Man”
(K) Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Baker Mortenson), an
American actress: “Some Like It Hot”
(L) Sean Connery, a British actor: “The First Knight”
(M) Sharon Stone, an American actress: “Basic Instinct”
(N) Russell Crow, a New Zealand actor and director: “Gladiator”
(O) Charlie Chaplin (born Charles Spencer Chaplin), an American
comic actor: “The Gold Rush”
XXXIII. The Famous Actors and Actresses in

their Well-Known Roles
222. 223. 224.
77
Unit B
225. 226.
227. 228.
(A) Russell Crow, a New Zealand actor, as Maximus in “Gladiator”

(B) Jim Carrey, a Canadian actor, as Lloyd Christmas in “Dumb and
Dumber”
(C) Kate Winslet, a British actress, as Rose in “Titanic”
(D) Helen Mirren, (born Helen Lydia Mironoff), a British actress of
the Russian parentage, as Elizabeth II in ‘‘The Queen’’
(E) Daniel Radcliffe, a British actor, as Harry Potter in the films of
the same name
(F) Al Pacino, an American actor, as Michael Corleone in “The
Godfather”
(G) Elizabeth Taylor, an American actress, as Cleopatra in
“Cleopatra”
(H) Julia Roberts, an American actress, as Vivian Ward in “Pretty
Woman”
(I) Audrey Hepburn, an American actress, as Eliza Doolittle in the
musical “My Fair Lady” after B. Shaw's “Pigmalion”
78
XXXIV. The Modern Popular Singers and Pop
Groups
229. 230.
231. 232.
233.
234. 235.
79
Unit B
(A) Silverchair (Australia)
(B) The Beatles (UK)
(C) Nick Cave (Australia)
(D) Pink Floyd (UK)
(E) Elvis Presley (USA)
(F) Elton John (UK)
(G) Queen (UK)
(H) The Rolling Stones (UK)
(I) Neil Young (Canada)
XXXV. The Sports and the Sports Organizations
236. 237.
238. 239.
240. 241.
80
242. 243.
(A) Wimbledon, the London exclusive tennis club located in

Wimbledon, the London suburb
(B) Rugby, the most popular game in New Zealand
(C) The steeplechase, the British cross-country running
(D) Aussie Rules, an Australian unique sport, similar to football
(E) Ice hockey, Canada's national sport
(F) Baseball, the US national sport
(G) The Derby, a British popular race
(H) The most famous competition between Oxford and Cambridge
Universities
(I) Lacrosse, a Canadian national game of Indian origin
(J) Wembley, the most expensive football stadium ever built, located
in Wembley, the London suburb
XXXVI. Some Traditional Costumes and

Uniforms
244. 245. 246.
81
Unit B
247. 248. 249.
250.
(A) An American policeman

(B) The British monarch at the Parliament opening ceremony
(C) A university graduate
(D) A Scottish bagpiper
(E) The Lord Chancellor at the House of Lords
(F) A Scot wearing a kilt
(G) A royal Canadian mounted policeman
(H) A Tower yeoman warder (or a beefeater) in the uniform of the
15th century
(I) A yeoman of the guard (or a beefeater), wearing a bearskin and
the uniform of the 15th century; His/Her Majesty’s bodyguard
82
Notes:
a yeoman = фермер, мелкий землевладелец
a Tower yeoman warder = лейб-гвардеец, страж лондонского Та-
уэра
a yeoman of the guard = лейб-гвардеец дворцовой охраны; ан-
глийский дворцовый стражник, личная охрана королевского се-
мейства
a beefeater = мясоед (the nickname of the Tower warder and the
yeoman of the guard)
The name ‘‘Beefeater’’ is of uncertain origin. It is believed that the
Yeomen of the Guard were paid by the meat (beef, mutton, veal) from
the King's table for their brave and dangerous service.
Count Cosimo III de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (Italy) visited
the Court in 1699, and, in referring to the Yeomen of the Guard, he
stated, ‘‘A very large ration of beef is given to them daily at court...that
they might be called Beef-eaters’’.
N.B.! Now see the keys and evaluate your result. In case
you have made many mistakes, review and do the test one
more time because, ‘‘If at first you don’t succeed – try, try, try
again!’’ (A proverb)
83
84
Unit C
Learning English Can Be Fun
‘‘All work and no play

makes Jack a dull boy.’’
An English proverb
85
Unit C
I. Below are some tasks which, we hope, you
will enjoy doing.
Task 1. Match the letters on the map with the countries where
English is spoken.
1. England – h 9. Malta –
2. Northern Ireland – 10. New Zealand –
3. Scotland – 11. Nigeria –
4. Wales – 12. Kenya –
5. The Republic of Ireland – 13. Zimbabwe –
6. The United States of America – 14. Australia –
7. Canada – 15. India –
8. Some of the Caribbean islands –
86
Task 2. Read the three descriptions, then match them to each map.
1. The British Isles are located in north-west Europe. They consist
of the large island called Great Britain and the smaller island called
Ireland.
2. The United Kingdom is an area including England, Scotland,
Wales and Northern Ireland. Its full name is the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
3. Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles. It is also the
largest island in Europe. It includes three parts: England, Scotland and
Wales.
a. b.
c.
87
Unit C
Task 3. Complete the map of the USA with the names of the
missing states.
1. This state once belonged to Russia.

2. А state, located on the west coast of the United States.
3. The state in the south-eastern region of the United States,
bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama
and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean.
4. This state is surrounded by the Great Lakes.
5.The state is in the south of the United States. Tennessee lies to the
north and Alabama to the east, and it has a small coastline on the Gulf
of Mexico to the south.
88
6. The state is in the north-western region of the US; it is the fourth
largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas and California.
7. This state is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the
east and Missouri to the southeast; Kansas to the south; and Wyoming
to the west.
8. The state in the north-eastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the
United States, which has a maritime border with Rhode Island, as well
as an international border with the Canadian provinces.
9. The second most populous (after California) and the second
largest of the 50 US states (after Alaska).
10. Formally the District of Columbia, it is the capital of the United
States, located in the mid-Atlantic region of the east coast.
11. The state in the Pacific north-western region of the United States,
located north of Oregon, west of Idaho and south of the Canadian
border.
1._________________
2._________________
3._________________
4._________________
5._________________
6._________________
7._________________
8._________________
9._________________
10.________________
11.________________
89
Unit C
Task 4. Guess the person in the photo.
1._________________
2._________________
3._________________
4._________________
5._________________
6._________________
7._________________
8._________________
9._________________
90
Task 5. Here are the names of the four traditional instruments;
match them with the descriptions.
a. It is the most interesting Aboriginal instrument, which is a big
piece of bamboo or wood with a mouthpiece made of wood. (__)
b. It is the most well-known Indian instrument, which is long and
has a number of strings (17 as usual). (__)
c. Very popular in Scotland, this instrument is common to all the
European nations. Air is pushed out of the bag held under the arm.
(__)
d. It is an instrument of European origin, held in the hands and
played by buttons on each side while moving the sides together and
apart. (__)
1. Accordion 2. Sitar
3. Didjeridoo 4. Bagpipes
91
Unit C
Task 6. Match the pictures of the celebrations with their names.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a. Up-Helly-Aa (United Kingdom)
b. Independence Day (USA)
c. National Sandal Day (New Zealand)
d. Thanksgiving Day (Canada)
e. Harmony Day (Australia)
92
Task 7. Read about the very first Thanksgiving. Put the paragraphs
into the correct sequence by matching them to the
drawings.
a. The surviving Pilgrims worked hard during the spring and
summer and with the help of friendly Indians, who showed them
how to grow corn, they had an excellent harvest. By November 1621
everyone had a roof over their head and enough food to eat. (_)
b. The tradition started in 1620 when the Pilgrim Fathers, the
founders of America, arrived from Europe on the ‘‘Mayflower’’. It had
been a difficult voyage. Of the one hundred men, women and children
who had set out from England, many had died during the crossing. (_)
c. That month, the leader of the Pilgrims, William Bradford,
decided to celebrate their good fortune with a special dinner. With
hope for the future, both the Pilgrims and the Indians ate their very
first Thanksgiving dinner. It lasted three days. (_)
d. To make matters worse, they arrived in December, with nowhere
to live and little to eat. Although they immediately began building
small houses, it was too late to grow any crops. During that first long,
cold winter, many of the Pilgrims died. (_)
1. 2.
3. 4.
93
Unit C
Task 8. Try to match these familiar Halloween figures with their
correct names.
1. Bat ___
2. Vampire ___
3. Pumpkin ___
4. Frankenstein ___
5. Black cat ___
6. Ghost ___
7. Witch ___
a.
d.
b. c.
e. f. g.
94
Task 9. Use the words below and match them to the drawings. There
is one extra word that you do not need.
Christmas card • Christmas cracker • Santa Claus • Christmas presents
• Church bells • Christmas stocking • The Nativity scene • Snowman •
Carol-singers
a. _________________
b. _________________
c. _________________
d. _________________
e. _________________
b.
f. _________________
g. _________________
h. _________________
a.
c.
d. e.
g.
h.
f.
95
Unit C
Task 10. Solve the quiz about the Guy Fawkes Night celebration.
1. Who was James I?

a. A criminal
b. A catholic king
c. A protestant king
2. What did Guy Fawkes want to do?

a. To eat a Christmas pudding
b. To burn Buckingham Palace
c. To blow up the Houses of Parliament
3. When is the Guy Fawkes night?

a. 5th of November
b. 5th of December
c. 5th of January
4. What do children ask taking a model of Guy Fawkes round the

streets?
a. Trick or treat?
b. A penny for the guy
c. Fireworks, please
96
5. What can you do on the Guy Fawkes night?

a. Burn a puppet
b. Play cards
c. Watch a horror film
6. Why do some parents want to abolish fireworks?

a. Because they are dangerous
b. Because they are expensive
c. Because they are boring
7. What’s the traditional sweet of the Guy Fawkes party?

a. Apple pie
b. Gingerbread
c. Pudding
8. What are the ingredients of gingerbread?

a. Tomatoes, wine and grapes
b. Candied fruit, ginger and grapes
c. Ketchup, meat and fish
97
Unit C
II. Now try yourself at solving the crosswords.
Puzzle 1
Across
2. The capital city of England and the UK.
4. The street where important government offices in London are
located.
5. The palace where the Queen’s residence is.
7. The street where most of the newspapers have their offices.
Down
1. The street where the highest-paid doctors live.
3. The street where the UK Prime Minister's residence is.
5. The university centre of London.
6. The park where the Speaker’s Corner is.
8. A fortress, a palace, a prison in London.
98
Puzzle 2
Across
3. The emblem of Ireland.
5. The capital of Northern Ireland.
7. A river in England.
9. A part of the United Kingdom.
10. The most important river in the UK.
11. A part of London.
12. Another name of Northern Ireland.
13. The emblem of Wales.
14. The capital of Scotland.
Down
1. The second largest city in Great Britain.
2. The emblem of England.
4. The oldest university of England.
6. The oldest monument on the British Isles.
8. The capital of Wales.
9. The festival of the Welsh culture.
99
Unit C
Puzzle 3
Across
1. The most important river in England.
3. The swiftest flowing river on the British Isles.
4. The capital of England.
6. The capital of Ireland.
8. The family name of Queen Elizabeth II.
9. The longest river in Great Britain.
Down
1. The woollen fabric which bears the name of a river.
2. The largest part of the UK.
5. The centre of the cotton industry in England.
7. Tne UK currency.
100
Puzzle 4
Across
3. The first village of the British settlers in the New World.
5. The capital of the state Massachusetts.
7. The street in New York where many theatres, variety theatres are
situated; the symbol of the New York show business.
10. The only of the five Great Lakes which lies entirely on the
territory of the USA.
101
Unit C
12. The capital of the state Hawaii.
16. The state, the capital of which is Boston.
18. The first capital of the USA.
20. The center of the American cinema.
21. One of the five boroughs of New York, the heart of the city, a
rocky island (the one which, as the tradition says, was bought from the
Indians for 24 dollars).
23. The city where Mark Twain was born.
Down
1. The mountain system in the west of the USA.
2. The biggest state of the USA.
4. The capital of the state New York.
6. One of the Negro ghettos in New York.
8. The capital of the USA.
9. The name of the complex of buildings including the notorious
hotel, which is connected with the scandal during president Nixon's
election campaign. It is the symbol of corruption in the American
political life.
11. The city where the Day of International Solidarity of Workers
(May 1) was born.
13. The mountain system in the east of the USA.
14. The building in which the Congress of the USA works.
15. The city where the first battle between the British troops and the
American colonists took place in 1775.
17. The university situated in the city of Cambridge, one of the best
universities in the USA.
18. The center of the military-industrial complex in the USA, the
symbol of American militarism.
19. The most well-known park in New York.
22. The longest river in the USA.
102
Puzzle 5
Across
1.The capital of South Australia.
3. The wild dog.
5. A classic of Australia, a short-story writer and a poet.
8. The longest river of Australia.
11. An Australian short-story writer.
13. An island and a state of Australia.
Down
2. The toothless anteater of Australia.
4. The Australian animal which carries its baby in a special bag.
6. The largest Australian bird that cannot fly.
7. The largest city and port of Australia.
9. One of Australia’s well-known writers, awarded the Nobel Prize
for literature (1973).
10. The federal capital of Australia.
12. The Australian animal, which lives in trees.
103
Unit C
Puzzle 6
Across
1. The person employed to look after cattle, especially on horseback,
in North America.
2. The Australian native dog.
3. The American state which has the nickname “The Lake State”.
4. Shakespeare's first name.
5. Canada's capital.
6. The adjective for Zealand.
7. The street in New York where theatres and show business centers
are situated.
8. The emblem of England.
9. Her cake recipe is popular in New Zealand and Australia.
10. It is taught as a school subject.
11. The largest port in Canada.
12. The surname of the man, who behaved so badly that soon
everybody in London knew him.
104
Puzzle 7
Across
2. The large orange vegetable eaten during the Thanksgiving meal.
6. The month in which Americans celebrate Thanksgiving Day.
7. The season that follows summer (the American for ‘‘autumn’’).
8. A big meal.
Down
1. A large bird, often eaten during holiday meals.
3. A popular dessert for the Thanksgiving meal.
4. The first inhabitants of the North American continent.
5. Relatives.
105
Unit C
Puzzle 8
This one is for those who are few but brave because it’s difficult.
There are nine castles in the pictures. They are all in the United
Kingdom. You are to guess their names. The given letters and the
key phrase going down will help you.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
8. 8. 9.
106
III. Well, it’s time for you to solve the anagrams,
that are a game in which words are formed
by arranging letters or word pieces given at
random.
Task 1.Can you name the original 13 states? Use the map to help.
1. Wen Ampshihre New Hampshire

2. Assettsachusm _________________
3. Oderh Andisl _________________
4. Cutconnecti _________________
5. Giageor _________________
6. Andrylma _________________
7. Ginviria _________________
8. Wne Orky _________________
9. Aniasylvpenn _________________
10. Waredela _________________
11. Nthor Inarolca _________________
12. Sthou Arolcina _________________
13. Ewn Seyjer _________________
107
Unit C
Task 2. Name the cities.
The passenger plane landed in seven cities of the UK. See if you can
find the names of these cities by putting together the jumbled word
pieces correctly in pairs.
1._________________
2._________________
3._________________
4._________________
5._________________
6._________________
7._________________
108
IV. Finally we suggest that you solve the rebuses.
‘‘‘ ‘ ‘‘‘‘
#1.
123
‘‘
#2.
S
12
‘‘ ‘‘
#3. ND
13 365
109
Unit C
#4.
#5.
2 3 3
#6.
1 4
110
,
#7.
b-a 1, 2, 4
,,
#8.
123
0 3
ND
12
,,, ,,
#9. A
111
Language, like culture, unites people.
(A famous saying)
112
Unit D
It’s Interesting to Know
‘‘Knowledge is a fine thing.’’
Jean Baptiste Moliere /1622-1673/,
a French comedy writer, dramatist, actor
113
Unit D
I. Historical Factfiles
The History of the Populations
The United Kingdom
• Earlier: the Iberians (иберийцы), who were the early inhabitants

and invaders; the Celts (кельты); the Romans; the Anglo-Saxons
(Germanic tribes); the Danes (датчане); the Normans (= northmen).
• At present: the British (британцы, the nation as a whole),
including the English, the Scottish (the Scots), the Welsh (валлий-
цы), the Irish; the nationality: a Britisher (британец) – a British
subject (британский подданный) – a Briton (in a romantic, political
or patriotic context).
The United States of America
The US population is divided into several ethnic groups:

• Indians and Eskimos (the Native Americans, the first inhabitants
of America);
• White Americans (whites, the descendants of the European settlers
from England, Scotland, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, France, Norway,
Finland, etc.);
• Afro-Americans (blacks, descendants of the former Negro slaves);
• Mexican Americans (persons with Spanish names, most of whom
are of Mexican origin);
•US citizens of other races and nations, such as Chinese, Arabs, etc.
This ethnic diversity is mainly due to the large-scale immigration
that took place from the discovery of America in the 15th century
till 1920. At present, the term the Native American does not mean an
Indian or an Eskimo only; it refers to any US citizen, who is born in the
114
country and lives long in it.
When the Indians first saw the Europeans, they did not understand
their language and called the newcomers Yankees, i.e. unknown people.
At present, a Yankee is the nickname of an American.
The multinational diversity of the US population is represented in
some nicknames that the country has, for example, a melting pot =
плавильный котел; a salad bowl = салатница.
Canada
Canada is a multinational country. There are about 34 ethnic groups.

83% of the total population are white. The largest ethnic groups are
Canadians of British origin (44%) and Canadians of French origin
(28%). 25% are the other Canadian Europeans (of Scottish, Irish,
German, Italian, etc. origin). The Aboriginal peoples, the Indians and
Eskimos, are called the First Nations (3%).
40% of the population identify themselves as Canadians.
Australia
The population includes approximately 200 nationalities. Australia

is one of the least populated countries in the world. Its population is
over 20 million people. Most Australians live in cities along the eastern
and south-eastern coasts. The population of the country is mainly of
British origin.
For many years Australia was a place where criminals and political
offenders were sent from Britain. However, after World War II many
other Europeans, especially from Greece and Italy, came and changed
the character of the population. The immigration policy has always
been based on the “White Australia” concept.
The brown-skinned Aborigines (native Australians) are an ancient
people with a rich cultural inheritance. They established the life
115
Unit D
style, very different from the European culture. The natives did not
practise agriculture or keep domestic animals other than the dog. They
supported themselves by hunting, gathering and fishing.
The land has always been very important for the Aborigines as they
believe that the land was granted to them by the Ancestral Beings. They
also believe that man shares the common life principles with animals,
birds and plants.
When the Europeans arrived, the Aborigines were doomed, for
the European settlers never treated them as human beings. The
contemporary Aborigines still remain “economically disadvantaged”.
Like the American Indians, they are strangers in their own land. The
Aborigines have been struggling to survive and resist the official policy,
demanding local autonomy, language, land and rights. Unfortunately,
many Aborigines continue to live in deplorable conditions even
nowadays.
New Zealand
The native population of the country is Maoris, poetically called

“the Vikings of the Sunrise”. Polynesians, the ancestors of the present-
day Maoris, settled on these islands in the X-XIV centuries. But the
Maoris, who had inhabited the country long before the Europeans
came, had to surrender their sovereignty to Britain in 1840 in exchange
for the guarantees that they would be allowed to possess their lands. As
it happened elsewhere, they were deceived. In 1845 the Maoris began
to fight bitterly against the British rule, but the natives were finally
defeated by the superior British forces.
At present, the ethnic composition is:
• Europeans (mostly British) – 87%;
• Polynesians (mostly Maoris, natives) – 9%.
More selective in its immigration policy even than Australia, New
Zealand prefers its new settlers to be northern Europeans.
116
The Historical Chart of Great Britain
The chart covers the most important periods of the British history.
It shows the invaders of England until the Middle Ages, then the royal
houses of England (until 1603) and Britain (after 1603) and some of
Britain’s rulers.
Invaders/ Historical Rulers Terms

Dynasties Periods of Reign
The Celts 900 B.C. -
55 B.C.
The Romans 55 B.C. -
450 A.D.
The Anglo-Saxons 450 - 1066
The Vikings 8th - 11th
centuries
The Normans 1066-1154 William 1066 - 1087
the Conqueror
The Plantagenets 1154-1399 Henry II 1154 - 1189
Edward I 1272 - 1307
The Houses of York 1399-1485 Henry IV 1399 - 1413
and Lancaster Henry VI 1422 - 1461
Edward IV 1461 - 1483
Richard III 1483 - 1485
The Tudors 1485-1603 Henry VII 1485 - 1509
Henry VIII 1509 - 1547
Mary I 1553 - 1558
(‘‘Bloody Mary’’)
Elizabeth I 1558 - 1603
The Stuarts 1603-1649 James I 1603 - 1625
(The Civil Wars) 1642-1648 Chareles I 1625 - 1649
The Republic 1649-1660 Oliver Cromwell 1649 - 1658
The Stuarts 1660-1714 William II and 1689 - 1702
Mary II
117
Unit D
Invaders/ Historical Rulers Terms
Dynasties Periods of Reign
The Hanoverians 1714-1901 George I, II, III,IV 1714 - 1830
(Georgian period)
Victoria 1837 - 1901
(Victorian period)
The House 1901-1910 Edward VII 1901 - 1910
of Saxe-Coburg (Edwardian period)
The House 1910 George V 1910 - 1936
of Windsor George VI 1936 - 1952
Elizabeth II 1952
118
The History of the British Empire
17 -18 centuries: Under Queen Elizabeth I, England becomes a great sea

power. In her reign and later, the English conquer countries and areas
in the New World and the Orient. Ireland becomes the first English
colony.
19th century: In the reign of Queen Victoria, England keeps on

expanding its colonial domain.
1870: The term ‘‘the British Empire’’ gets into use.
1920: The British Empire becomes the largest in the world’s history
(a quarter of the world’s population on a quarter of the planet’s land
surface). The British ambitiously say, “The sun never sets in the British
Empire.”
By 1931: The British Empire evolves into the British Commonwealth of

Nations. Many colonies become dominions.
1940 - 1950: Due to the liberation movement, all the colonies get
independent, and the British Empire stops existing. However, the
British monarch is still the head of the state in many dominions, which
are governed by governor-generals representing the British Crown.
That is why the British monarch reigns but doesn’t rule (even in the
Mother Country or the Old Country).
Queen Elizabeth I Queen Victoria

119
Unit D
II. The Royal House of Windsor

King George VI (died in 1952).
Queen Elizabeth (his wife): the Queen Mother

(Королева-мать).
Elizabeth II (his daughter): the ruling

monarch (since 1952).
Prince Philip (her husband):

the Duke of Edinburgh (Герцог Эдинбургский).
Prince Charles (the eldest son): the Prince of

Wales (Принц Уэль-
ский); his first wife (born
Diana Spencer) was the
Princess of Wales (Прин-
цесса Уэльская); his second
wife (born Camila Rosemary
Parker Bowles) is the Duchess of Cornwall (Герцогиня
Корнуэльская).
Prince Andrew (the elder son): the Duke of York;

his wife is the Duchess of York (Герцог и Герцогиня
Йоркские).
Princess Anne (the only daughter): the

Princess Royal (≈ Великая Княжна).
Prince Edward (the youngest son): no
title.
120
Prince William, Prince Henry (Harry): Prince

Charles and Lady Diana’s sons.
Prince William: the Duke of Cambridge; his wife (born Catherine

Middleton) is the Duchess of Cambridge; their son Prince George of
Cambridge (born George Alexander Louis).
121
Unit D
III. The Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary
democracy. The four branches of power in the UK are represented by:
• the Monarch (the royal power), the head of the state;
• the Parliament and its two houses (the House of Lords, the upper
house, and the House of Commons, the lower house), which are the
legislative power;
• the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers (the executive
power);
• the High Court (the judicial power).
The Prime Minister is the head of the UK’s government. Usually he/she
is the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons.
Because the Premiership was not intentionally

created, there is no exact date when its evolution
began. Since the office was not created, there
is no «first» Prime Minister. However, the
honorary name is traditionally given to Sir
Robert Walpole who became the First Lord of
the Treasury in 1721.
Sir Robert Walpole
the first Prime Minister
1721–1742
Names Dates in Office

Earl of Wilmington 1742–1743
Henry Pelham 1743–1754
Duke of Newcastle 1754–1756
Duke of Devonshire 1756–1757
Duke of Newcastle 1757–1762
Earl of Bute 1762–1763
George Grenville 1763–1765
122
Marquess of Rockingham 1765–1766
William Pitt the Elder (earl of Chatham) 1766–1768
Duke of Grafton 1768–1770
Lord North 1770–1782
Marquess of Rockingham 1782
Earl of Shelburne 1782–1783
Duke of Portland 1783
William Pitt the Younger 1783–1801
Henry Addington (later Viscount Sidmouth) 1801–1804
William Pitt the Younger 1804–1806
Baron Grenville 1806–1807
Duke of Portland 1807–1809
Spencer Perceval 1809–1812
Earl of Liverpool 1812–1827
George Canning 1827
Viscount Goderich (later earl of Ripon) 1827–1828
Duke of Wellington 1828–1830
Earl Grey 1830–1834
Viscount Melbourne 1834
Sir Robert Peel 1834–1835
Viscount Melbourne 1835–1841
Sir Robert Peel 1841–1846
Lord John Russell (later Earl Russell) 1846–1852
Earl of Derby 1852
Earl of Aberdeen 1852–1855
Viscount Palmerston 1855–1858
Earl of Derby 1858–1859
Viscount Palmerson 1859–1865
Earl Russell 1865–1866
Earl of Derby 1866–1868
Benjamin Disraeli 1868
William Gladstone 1868–1874
Benjamin Disraeli 1874–1880
123
Unit D
Marquess of Salisbury 1885–1886
William Gladstone 1886
Earl of Rosebery 1894–1895
Arthur Balfour 1902–1905
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 1905–1908
Herbert Asquith 1908–1915
Herbert Asquith 1915–1916
David Lloyd George 1916–1922
Andrew Bonar Law 1922–1923
Stanley Baldwin 1923–1924
Ramsay MacDonald 1924
Ramsay MacDonald 1929–1931
Ramsay MacDonald 1931–1935
Neville Chamberlain Sir Winston Churchill Clement Attlee

1937–1940 1940–1945, 1945–1951
1951–1955
124
Sir Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan Sir Alec

1955–1957 1957–1963 Douglas-Home
1963–1964
Harold Wilson Edward Heath James Callaghan

1964–1970, 1970–1974 1976–1979
1974–1976
Margaret Thatcher John Major Tony Blair

1979–1990 1990–1997 1997–2007
125
Unit D
Gordon Brown David Cameron

2007–2010 (appointed 2010)
Neville Chamberlain (1937-1940): belonged to the Conservative

Party; pursued the policy of pacifyling the fascist countries in Europe
and, due to that, the fascist aggression was not stopped, which later
caused World War II.
Winston Churchill (1940-1945, 1951-1955): one of the leaders of the
Conservative Party. During World War II, he initiated the antihitler
coalition with the USA and the USSR, though, at the same time, he did
his best to restrict the influence of the Soviet Union on the European
policy. He intentionally delayed the opening of the second front
because he wanted the Soviet Union and fascist Germany to exhaust
each other in the bloody battles so as to enter the war arena and gain
an easy victory over both. Only when it was clear that the Soviet Union
would win alone, the second front was opened on June 6, 1944. This
day is known as D-Day, which means ‘‘a very important day’’ (День Д).
Recently it has become known that, after the war in 1947, W.
Churchill urged the US ‘‘to wipe out’’ Moscow with an atomic bomb
(as it happened to Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan in August 1945).
At that time, the Soviet Union wouldn’t have been able to attack back
because it had no atomic bomb yet. The consequences of that tragedy
would have been disastrous not only for the USSR but also for the
whole planet.
Harold Wilson (1964-1970, 1974-1976): belonged to the Labour
Party; promised a number of progressive measures in the economics
126
of Great Britain but didn’t try to challenge the big business and its
captains.
Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990): the leader of the Conservative
Party; the longest-serving and the only woman prime minister in Great
Britain so far. For being very determined and firm in her decisions and
actions, she was called ‘‘the iron lady’’ of the British policy and politics.
David Cameron (appointed 2010): the leader of the Conservative
Party. In his term, the United Kingdom was on the verge of disintegration
as Scotland was ready to separate from the UK. In the 2014 Scottish
Referendum, nearly 45% of the Scots voted for the independence from
the United Kingdom. Fortunately, the union was saved; otherwise, its
future would have been very dramatic and Great Britain wouldn’t have
been ‘‘great’’ ever since.
A sitting at the House of Commons
Downing Street 10,

the residence of the UK Prime Minister
127
Unit D
IV. The US Presidents
The United States of America is a presidential republic: the head of
the state and the government is the US President.
In elections for the US president and vice-president, voters (из-
биратели) in each state choose among electors (выборщики), who
actually participate in the election and support a particular candidate.
This group of electors is called the Electoral College (коллегия выбор-
щиков). Americans vote at the age of 18 and older.
The first president was George Washington, who is called the father
of the nation by the Americans. Nine US presidents were elected for
two terms; Franklin Roosevelt was elected for four terms. The shortest-
serving president was William Harrison as he died a month after being
elected.
Four US presidents were assassinated: Abraham Lincoln, James
Garfield, William McKinley, John Kennedy. Eight US presidents were
born in the state of Virginia, which is called the President State due to
this.
The US Constitution provides protection against the abuse of the
executive power. If a public official, including a president, is charged
with a serious crime against the state or with misconduct in office, he/
she may be impeached (привлечен к суду и отрешен от должно-
сти). Two US presidents had to retire because they were threatened
with impeachment: Andrew Johnson, for the infringement of the US
Constitution and exceeding his authority, and Richard Nixon, for the
Watergate corruption scandal during his second election campaign.
Watergate is the name of the complex of
buildings, including the notorious hotel,
which is connected with this scandal.
Now it is the symbol of corruption in the
American political life.
128
The Board of the US Presidents
George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson

1789-1797 1797-1801 1801-1809
James Madison James Monroe John Quincy Adams

1809-1817 1817-1825 1825-1829
Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren William

1829-1837 1837-1841 Henry Harrison
4 March— 4 April 1841
129
Unit D
John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

1841-1845 1845-1849 1849-1850
Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan

1850-1853 1853-1857 1857-1861
Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Ulysses

1861-1865 1865-1875 Simpson Grant
1869-1877
130
Herbert Hoover James Garfield Chester Alan Arthur

1929-1933 1881 1881-1885
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland

1885-1889 1889-1893 1893-1897
William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft

1897-1901 1901-1909 1909-1913
131
Unit D
Woodrow Wilson Warren Gamaliel Calvin Coolidge

1913-1921 Harding 1923-1929
1921-1923
Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Harry Shipp

1929-1933 Roosevelt Truman
1933-1945 1945-1953
Dwight David John Fitzgerald Kennedy Lyndon Baines

Eisenhower 1961-1963 Johnson
1953-1961 1963-1969
132
Richard Gerald Rudolph Ford Jimmy Carter

Milhous Nixon 1974-1977 1977-1981
1969-1974
Ronald Reagan George Herbert Walker William Jefferson

1981-1989 Bush, Sr. Clinton
1989-1993 1993-2001
George Walker Bush, Jr. Barack Hussein Obama

2001-2009 (inaugurated 2009)
133
Unit D
George Washington (1789 – 1797): in the War of Independence
commanded the American army against the British.
John Adams (1797 – 1801): the first in the White House, since 1800
the official residence of the American presidents at 1600, Pennsylvania
Avenue, Washington, D.C.
Thomas Jefferson (1801 – 1809): the most prominent author of the
Declaration of Independence and later of the American Constitution.
Abraham Lincoln (1861 – 1865): commanded the Northern army
in the Civil War between the North and the South for the abolition of
slavery; the first president from the Republican Party; was shot by an
assassin’s bullet.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933 – 1945): the longest-serving
president; was elected four times; his reforms saved the economy of
the country, and the USA became the most highly developed country
in the world.
Harry S. Truman (1945 – 1953): sanctioned the nuclear bombing of
the two Japanese cities in August 1945; the USA became the leading
military power of the Western World and acquired the notorious
nickname of the world’s gendarme.
Dwight David Eisenhower (1953-1961): the American general who
commanded the US forces during World War II.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1961 – 1963): the youngest president in
the USA; in his presidency, the Cuban missile crisis nearly caused the
third world war; was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.
Barack Hussein Obama (elected in 2008): the first Afro-American
president in the history of the USA He proclaimed Americans an
exceptional nation which is to dominate the other nations in the
international affairs. Russia opposed this attempt to make a one-polar
world. It caused the aggravation of the situation in Europe, the strain in
the European-Russian and the American-Russian relations and a civil
war in the Ukraine. As a result, the world was on the verge of a new
‘‘cold war’’.
134
V. Political and State Leaders of Canada,

Australia and New Zealand
Canada
Canada is a constitutional monarchy. The British Monarch is the
head of the state, who is represented by the Governor-General. Canada
is also a parliamentary democracy as it has a parliament made up of
the Senate (the upper house) and the House of Commons (the lower
house). The head of the government is the Prime Minister.
The Prime Ministers of Canada since the Confederation
Sir John A. Macdonald

1867–1873

Alexander Mackenzie 1873–1878
Sir John A. Macdonald 1878–1891
Sir John J.C. Abbott 1891–1892
Sir John S.D. Thompson 1892–1894
Sir Mackenzie Bowell 1894–1896
Sir Charles Tupper 1896
135
Unit D
Sir Wilfrid Laurier 1896–1911
Sir Robert L. Borden 1911–1917, 1917-1921
Arthur Meighen 1920–1921
W. L. Mackenzie King 1921–1926
Arthur Meighen 1926
Richard B. Bennett 1930–1935
Louis S. St. Laurent 1948–1957
John G. Diefenbaker 1957–1963
136
Lester B. Pearson Pierre Elliott Trudeau Charles Joseph Clark

1963–1968 1968–1979, 1980–1984 1979–1980
John Turner Brian Mulroney Kim Campbell

1984 1984–1993 1993
Jean Chrétien Paul Martin Stephen Harper

1993–2003 2003–2006 (appointed 2006)
137
Unit D
Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy
and a parlimentary democracy. The head of the state is the British
monarch who is represented by the Governor-General. The country’s
parliament is made up of the Senate (the upper house) and the House
of Representatives (the lower house). The head of the government is
the Prime Minister.
The Prime Ministers of Australia since 1901
Edmund Barton
1901-1903
Names Dates in Names Dates in

Office Office
Alfred Deakin 1903-1904 James Scullin 1929-1932
John Watson 1904 Joseph Lyons 1932-1939
George Reid 1904-1905 Earle Page 1939
Alfred Deakin 1905-1908 Robert Menzies 1939-1941
Andrew Fisher 1908-1909 Arthur Fadden 1941
Alfred Deakin 1909-1910 John Curtin 1941-1945
Andrew Fisher 1910-1913 Francis Forde 1945
Joseph Cook 1913-1914 Ben Chifley 1945-1949
Andrew Fisher 1914-1915 Robert Menzies 1949-1966
William Hughes 1915-1917 Harold Holt 1966-1967
1917-1923 John McEwan 1967-1968
Stanley Bruce 1923-1929 John Gorton 1968-1971
138
John McMahon Gough Whitlam Malcolm Fraser

1971-1972 1972-1975 1975-1983
Robert Hawke Paul Keating John Howard

1983-1991 1991-1996 1996-2007
Kevin Rudd Julia Gillard Tony Abbott

2007-2010, 2013 2010- 2013 (appointed 2013)
139
Unit D
New Zealand
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy as the head of the state
is the British monarch, represented by the Governor-General. It is also
a parliamentary democracy and has a one-chamber parliament called
the House of Representatives. The head of the government is the Prime
Minister.
The Prime Ministers of New Zealand since 1906
Joseph Ward
1906-1912

Thomas Mackenzie 1912
William Massey 1912-1925
Francis Bell 1925
Gordon Coates 1925-1928
Joseph Ward 1928-1930
George Forbes 1930-1935
Michael Joseph Savage 1935-1940
Peter Fraser 1940-1949
Sidney Holland 1949-1957
Keith Holyoake 1957
Walter Nash 1957-1960
Keith Holyoake 1960-1972
Jack Marshall 1972
Norman Kirk 1972-1974
140
Bill Rowling Robert Muldoon David Lange

1974-1975 1975-1984 1984-1989
Geoffrey Palmer Mike Moore Jim Bolger

1989-1990 1990 1990-1997
Jenny Shipley Helen Clark John Key

1997-1999 1999-2008 (appointed 2008)
141
Unit D
VI. The US States
The United States started as a country of 13 former British
colonies, which fought in the American Revolution War or the War of
Independence and became free from Great Britain in July 1776. The
state of Delaware was the first to get the status of a state. The last states
were Alaska and Hawaii. They entered the union in 1959.
At present, the USA is a federal union of fifty states and the District
of Columbia (федеральный, столичный округ). Each state has its
own symbols, such as a motto, a flag, a song, a bird, an animal and a
plant.
The List of the US States and their Nicknames
1. Alabama (Алабама) – the Yellowhammer State (штат овсянки,

a bird) or the Heart of Dixie (сердце Дикси; Dixie is the name of the
southern states)
2. Alaska (Аляска) – the Last Frontier (последняя граница)
3. Arizona (Аризона) – the Great Canyon State (штат Большого
Каньона)
4. Arkansas (Арканзас) – the Land of Opportunity (страна воз-
можностей)
5. California (Калифорния) – the Golden State (золотой штат)
6. Colorado (Колорадо) – the Centennial State (штат столетия)
7. Connecticut (Коннектикут) – the Nutmeg State (штат мускат-
ного ореха) or the Constitution State (штат конституции)
8. Delaware (Делавэр) – the First State (первый штат) or Diamond
State (штат-бриллиант)
9. Florida (Флорида) – the Sunshine State (солнечный штат)
10. Georgia (Джорджия) – the Peach State (персиковый штат) or
the Empire State of the South (имперский штат юга)
11. Hawaii (Гавайи) – the Aloha State (гостеприимный штат):
Aloha = love in Hawaiian
12. Idaho (Айдахо) – the Gem State (штат драгоценного камня)
142
13. Illinois (Иллинойс) – the Prairie State (штат прерий)
14. Indiana (Индиана) – the Hoosier State (штат-мужлан)
15. Iowa (Айова) – the Hawkeye State (штат соколиного глаза)
16. Kansas (Канзас) – the Sunflower State (подсолнуховый штат)
17. Kentucky (Кентукки) – the Bluegrass State (штат голубой тра-
вы)
18. Louisiana (Луизиана) – the Pelican State (пеликаний штат)
19. Maine (Мэн) – the Pine Tree State (сосновый штат)
20. Maryland (Мэриленд) – the Old Line State (штат старой ли-
нии)
21. Massachusetts (Массачусетс) – the Bay State (штат у залива)
22. Michigan (Мичиган) – the Wolverine State (штат росомах)
23. Minnesota (Миннесота) – the North Star State (штат Север-
ной звезды)
24. Mississippi (Миссисипи) – the Magnolia State (магнолиевый
штат)
25. Missouri (Миссури) – the Show-me State (штат “докажи мне”,
“на слово не верящий”, штат скептиков)
26. Montana (Монтана) – the Treasure State (штат сокровищ)
27. Nebraska (Небраска) – the Cornhusker State (кукурузный
штат)
28. Nevada (Невада) – the Sagebrush State (полынный штат) or
the Silver State (серебряный штат)
29. New Hampshire (Нью-Гемпшир) – the Granite State (гранит-
ный штат)
30. New Jersey (Нью-Джерси) – the Garden State (садовый штат)
31. New Mexico (Нью-Мексико) – the Land of Enchantment
(страна очарования)
32. New York (Нью-Йорк) – the Empire State (имперский штат)
33. North Carolina (Северная Каролина) – the Tarheel State (штат
чернопяточников)
34. North Dakota (Северная Дакота) – the Sioux State (штат ин-
дейцев сиу)
35. Ohio (Огайо) – the Buckeye State (штат конского каштана)
143
Unit D
36. Oklahoma (Оклахома) – the Sooner State (штат землезахват-
чиков)
37. Oregon (Орегон) – the Beaver State (бобровый штат)
38. Pennsylvania (Пенсильвания) – the Keystone State (штат зам-
кового камня)
39. Rhode Island (Род-Айленд) – Little Rhody (маленький Роди)
40. South Carolina (Южная Каролина) – the Palmetto State (штат
пальметты, i.e. низкорослой пальмы)
41. South Dakota (Южная Дакота) – the Coyote State (штат кой-
отов)
42. Tennessee (Теннесcи) – the Volunteer State (штат доброволь-
цев)
43. Texas (Техас) – the Lone Star State (штат одинокой звезды)
44. Utah (Юта) – the Beehive State (штат пчелиного улья)
45. Vermont (Вермонт) – the Green Mountain State (штат Зеле-
ных гор)
46. Virginia (Виргиния, Вирджиния) – the Old Dominion (ста-
рый доминион)
47. Washington (Вашингтон) – the Evergreen State (вечнозеле-
ный штат)
48. West Virginia (Западная Виргиния, Вирджиния) – the
Mountain State (горный штат)
49. Wisconsin (Висконсин) – the Badger State (барсучий штат)
50. Wyoming (Вайоминг) – the Equality State (штат равнопра-
вия)
Washington is the name of the city, which is the national capital of

the country, and the name of the state, the capital of which is Seattle.
Both the city and the state are named after George Washington, the
first president of the USA. The official name of the country’s capital is
Washington, D.C. because it is in the District of Columbia. But the first
capital of the country was Philadelphia.
New York is also the name of the largest city and the name of the
state. The New York City is in the New York State, but the capital of the
state is Albany, not New York.
144
Alaska is the largest US state. First it belonged to Russia. But in
1853-1856 Russia was engaged in the Crimean War and did not have
enough military forces to defend its settlements on the American
continent. It led to conflicts with Great Britain and the USA, so the
Russian government decided to sell Alaska as, in those times, it was a
vast territory covered with snow and ice, the land of icebergs and polar
bears. Of its two rivals, Russia chose the USA because it promised to
help Russia in the international arena. Alaska was sold to the USA for
7.2 million dollars.
Mississippi and Colorado are states; the Mississippi and the
Colorado are rivers. Michigan is a state and the Michigan is one of the
Great Lakes. The smallest US state is Rhode Island.
145
Unit D
VII. The Maps
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
146
The United States of America
147
148
Canada
The Commonwealth of Australia
149
150
The Realm of New Zealand
Keys
Unit B. The Quiz in Pictures
1-D 30-G 59-G 88-H 117-A 146-H 175-C

2-C 31-C 60-I 89-B 118-F 147-J 176-E
3-F 32-B 61-E 90-E 119-E 148-B 177-D
4-A 33-D 62-B 91-C 120-J 149-I 178-H
5-B 34-G 63-C 92-D 121-H 150-G 179-B
6-D 35-E 64-G 93-F 122-B 151-A 180-K
7-F 36-C 65-H 94-A 123-I 152-B 181-D
8-E 37-A 66-F 95-C 124-H 153-G 182-A
9-H 38-D 67-D 96-C 125-J 154-C 183-F
10-G 39-F 68-E 97-B 126-F 155-I 184-C
11-I 40-G 69-B 98-F 127-D 156-E 185-G
12-A 41-I 70-C 99-E 128-I 157-J 186-J
13-D 42-H 71-E 100-G 129-C 158-F 187-L
14-C 43-A 72-G 101-D 130-B 159-M 188-D
15-E 44-C 73-H 102-I 131-K 160-K 189-A
16-H 45-E 74-D 103-A 132-A 161-L 190-C
17-F 46-F 75-A 104-F 133-L 162-I 191-E
18-D 47-G 76-B 105-B 134-A 163-B 192-F
19-A 48-H 77-D 106-E 135-B 164-C 193-G
20-C 49-B 78-C 107-C 136-J 165-D 194-I
21-E 50-C 79-G 108-G 137-C 166-E 195-J
22-D 51-D 80-E 109-H 138-E 167-G 196-K
23-A 52-G 81-F 110-B 139-F 168-J 197-L
24-H 53-A 82-B 111-D 140-G 169-H 198-J
25-B 54-E 83-D 112-H 141-H 170-C 199-C
26-F 55-A 84-C 113-A 142-I 171-B 200-L
27-E 56-B 85-A 114-E 143-E 172-D 201-E
28-K 57-C 86-D 115-G 144-F 173-B 202-K
29-J 58-H 87-F 116-D 145-C 174-A 203-H
151
204-B 214-H 224-G 234-D 244-C
205-F 215-D 225-E 235-E 245-H
206-D 216-O 226-F 236-B 246-D
207-I 217-L 227-D 237-D 247-I
208-M 218-K 228-B 238-I 248-B
209-A 219-G 229-B 239-F 249-F
210-C 220-M 230-F 240-G 250-G
211-E 221-B 231-C 241-H
212-I 222-C 232-I 242-C
213-F 223-I 233-H 243-J
Supplementary Reading
http://ispu.ru/node/8656
Unit C
Part I
Task 1
1. h 6. b 11. j
2. e 7. a 12. l
3. f 8. c 13. k
4. g 9. i 14. n
5. d 10. o 15. m
Task 2
1-c, 2-a , 3-b.
Task 3
1. Alaska 5.Mississippi 9. Texas
2. California 6. Montana 10.Washington, DC
3. Florida 7. Nebraska 11.Washington
4. Michigan 8. New York
152
Task 4
1.William Shakespeare 6.Ngaio Marsh
2.Henry Lawson 7.Ernest Hemingway
3.James Fenimore Cooper 8.Patrick White
4.Catherine Mansfield 9.Lord Byron
5.Stephen Butler Leacock
Task 5
1-d , 2-b , 3-a , 4-c
Task 6
1-d, 2-a,3-b,4-e,5-c
Task 7
1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c
Task 8
1-d, 2-g, 3-f, 4-b ,5-e ,6-a ,7-c
Task 9
a. Santa Claus e. Christmas stocking
b. Church bells f. Snowman
c. Christmas cracker g. Christmas card
d. Carol-singers h. The Nativity scene
Task 10
1-c, 2-c, 3 -a, 4-b, 5-a, 6-a, 7-b, 8-b
Part II
Puzzle 1
Across: 2.London 4.Whitehall 5.Buckingham 7.Fleet
Down: 1.Harley 3.Downing 5.Bloomsbury 6.Hyde 8.Tower
Puzzle 2
Across: 3.Shamrock 5.Belfast 7.Avon 9.England 10.Thames 11.City
12.Ulster 13.Daffodil 14.Edinburgh
153
Down: 1.Birmingham 2.Rose 4.Oxford 6.Stonehenge 8.Cardiff
9.Eisteddfod
Puzzle 3
Across: 1.Thames 3.Spey 4.London 6.Dublin 8.Windsor 9.Severn
Down: 1.Tweed 2.England 5.Manchester 7.Pound
Puzzle 4
Across: 3.Jamestown 5.Boston 7.Broadway 10.Michigan
12.Honolulu 16.Massachusetts 18.Philadelphia
20.Hollywood 21.Manhattan 23.Hannibal
Down: 1.Cordillera 2.Alaska 4.Albany 6.Harlem 8.Washington
9.Watergate 11.Chicago 13.Appalachian 14.Capitol
15.Lexington 17.Harvard 18.Pentagon 19.Central
22.Mississippi
Puzzle 5
Across: 1.Adelaide 3.Dingo 5.Lawson 8.Murray 11.Tennant
13.Tasmania
Down: 2.Echidna 4.Kangaroo 6.Emu 7.Sydney 9.White
10.Canberra 12.Koala
Puzzle 6
1.Cowboy 2.Dingo 3.Michigan 4.William 5.Ottawa 6.New
7.Broadway 8.Rose 9.Pavlova 10.Language 11.Montreal
12.Hooligan
Puzzle 7
Across: 2.Pumpkin 6.November 7.Fall 8.Feast
Down: 1.Turkey 3.Pie 4.Indians 5.Family
Puzzle 8
1.Tintagel 2.Warwick 3.St. Michael’s mount 4.Stirling 5.Hampton
court 6.Leeds 7.Windsor 8.Edinburgh 9.Caernarfon
The key phrase: Tower of London
154
Part III
Task 1
1. New Hampshire 6. Maryland 11. North Carolina
2. Massachusetts 7. Virginia 12. South Carolina
3. Rhode Island 8. New York 13. New Jersey
4. Connecticut 9. Pennsylvania
5. Georgia 10. Delaware
Task 2
London, Manchester, Liverpool, Belfast, Newcastle, Cambridge,
Bristol
Part IV
1. Scotland 6. UK
2. Wales 7. Australia
3. Northern Ireland 8. New Zealand
4. England 9. Canada
5. USA
155
Glossary
Unit A
The Commonwealth of Nations: p.p. 12-17

1 promotion – [prəˈmoʊ ʃən] – продвижение
2 a faith [feɪθ] – вера
3 to recognize as the head of a state – признавать главой
государства
4 headquarters [ˈhɛdkwɔːtəz] – штаб-квартира
5 Marlborough House [ˈmɑːlbərə haʊs] – дом Мальборо
6 Balfour Declaration [ˈbælfɔ] – декларация Бальфура (по
имени премьер-министра Arthur James Balfour)
7 the Statute of Westminster [ˈstætjuːt] – Вестминстерский
Статут
8 density [ˈdɛnsɪtɪ] – плотность
9 to share English as a common language – считать англий-
ский общепринятым языком
10 highly profitable – высоко доходный
11 a native speaker – носитель языка
12 Pidgin English [ˈpɪdʒɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ] – пиджин инглиш (гибрид-
ный язык, в котором изменённая английская лексика, мор-
фология и фонетика сочетаются с элементами китайской
грамматики; используется в странах Дальнего Востока, Оке-
ании и Западной Африки)
13 Madagascar [ˌmædəˈɡæskə] – Мадагаскар (an island)
The UK: p.p. 18-19

1 the Union Jack – флаг Соединенного Королевства
a union – союз четырех наций
a jack – гюйс, флаг
2 a patron saint [ ˈpeɪtrən seɪnt] – святой покровитель
3 a coat of arms – герб
4 the chained Unicorn [ˈjuːnɪˌkɔːn] – прикованный цепью
156
единорог
5 a motto [ˈmɒtəʊ] – девиз
6 an anthem [ˈænθəm] – гимн
7 a status [ˈsteɪtəs] – статус
8 currency [ˈkʌrənsɪ] – валюта
9 a calling code – телефонный код
10 a county [ˈkaʊntɪ] – графство
England: p. 20
1 to adopt as an emblem – принять (утвердить) в качестве
эмблемы
2 a civil war – гражданская война
3 the Bronze Age – бронзовый век
Scotland: p. 21
1 to date from – относиться к (какому-то времени)
2 a thistle [ˈθɪsəl] – чертополох
3 impunity [ɪmˈpjuːnɪtɪ] – безнаказанность
4 Gaelic [ˈɡeɪlɪk] – гэльский
5 Highland(s) [ˈhaɪlənd] – Нагорье (говоря о северной Шот-
ландии)
6 a kilt [kɪlt] – килт, предмет мужской национальной шот-
ландской одежды, представляет собой кусок ткани, обёрну-
тый вокруг талии, собранный складками сзади и закреплён-
ный с помощью пряжек и ремешков
Wales: p. 22
1 to originate from – происходить от, брать начало от
2 Cymry [ˈkɪmrɪ] – Кимри, житель Уэльса
3 Cymru [ˈkɪmru] – Кимру, Уэльс
4 the National Eisteddfod [aɪˈstɛdfəd] – ежегодный нацио-
нальный фестиваль бардов
5 a daffodil [ˈdæfədɪl] – нарцисс
6 a leek [liːk] – лук-порей
157
Northern Ireland: p. 23
1 the Emerald Isle [ˈɛmərəld aɪl] – Изумрудный остров
2 de facto (Latin) = in fact (English) – фактически
3 a shamrock [ˈʃæmˌrɒk] – трилистник
4 a three-leaf plant – растение с тремя листьями
5 a clover [ˈkləʊvə] – клевер (чаще трехлистный)
6 Trinity [ˈtrɪnɪtɪ] – Троица (святая): God the Father (Бог
Отец), God the Son (Бог Сын), the Holy Spirit (Святой Дух)
The USA: p.p. 24-25

1 to rebel against [rɪˈbɛl] – бунтовать против
2 the Star-Spangled Banner – знамя,усыпанное звездами
(ср.: the Stars and Stripes – звездно-полосатый флаг)
3 the Great Seal – Великая печать
4 to house the US Congress [haʊz] – вмещать конгресс США
5 Mount Rushmore – гора Рашмор
Canada: p.p. 26-27

1 a maple leaf [ˈmeɪpəl] – кленовый лист
2 Ottawa [ˈɒtəwə] – Оттава
3 mounted police – конная полиция
4 a settlement [ˈsɛtəlmənt] – поселение
5 to misuse [mɪsˈjuz] – неправильно применять (использо-
вать)
6 a horseshoe [ˈhɔːsˌʃuː] – подкова
Australia: p.p. 28-29

1 the Southern Cross – Южный Крест
2 justice [ˈdʒʌstɪs] – справедливость
3 prudence [ˈpruːdəns] – благоразумие, дальновидность,
предусмотрительность, рассудительность
4 temperance [ˈtɛmpərəns] – умеренность, воздержание
5 fortitude [ˈfɔːtɪˌtjuːd] – сила духа, стойкость
6 an emu [ˈiːmjuː] – эму
158
7 golden wattle [ˈwɒtəl] – мимоза
8 Canberra [ˈkænbərə] – Канберра
9 a koala [kəʊˈɑːlə] – коала
10 an eucalyptus [ˌjuːkəˈlɪptəs] – эвкалипт
11 to chart the east coast – составить карту восточного побе-
режья
12 Bark “Endeavour” [ ɪnˈdɛvə] – корабль «Индевор» (≈ барк
«Устремленный»)
13 to claim the land for Great Britain – объявлять земли владе-
ниями Великобритании
14 the Super Pit – Супер-Пит (супершахта, карьер)
15 Kalgoorlie [kælˈɡʊəlɪ] – Калгурли (a town in Australia)
New Zealand: p.p. 30-31

1 the southern hemisphere[ˈhɛmɪˌsfɪə] – южное полушарие
2 a constellation [ˌkɒnstɪˈleɪʃən] – созвездие
3 golden fleece [fliːs] – золотое руно
4 a wheat sheaf [wiːt ʃiːf] – сноп пшеницы
5 Maori [ˈmaʊrɪ] – Маори
6 a kiwi [ˈkiːwiː] – киви
Unit B
Section V, p.p. 37-38

Windsor Castle [ˈwɪnzə ˈkɑːsəl] – замок Виндзор
Section VI, p. 39
1 a Celt [kelt] – кельт
2 an Eskimo [ˈɛskɪˌməʊ] – эскимос
3 Aborigines [ˌæbəˈrɪdʒɪni:z] – аборигены, туземцы
Section VII, p.p. 40-41

1 Genoa [ˈdʒɛnəʊə] – Генуя
2 Julius Caesar [ˈdʒuːlɪəs ˈsiːzə] – Юлий Цезарь
159
3 Amerigo Vespucci [ameˈriɡo vesˈputtʃi] – Америго Веспуччи
4 Jacques Cartier [ʒak kɑrˈtjeɪ] – Жак Картье
5 Abel Tasman [ˈeɪbəl ˈtæzmən] – Абель Тасман
Section VIII, p.p. 41-43

1 the Duke of Normandy [djuːk] – герцог Нормандский
2 to defeat [dɪˈfiːt] – наносить поражение
3 the Lancaster dynasty [ˈlæŋkəstə ˈdɪnəstɪ] – династия Ланка-
стеров
4 Catherine of Aragon [ˈkæθrɪn əv ˈærəɡən] – Екатерина Ара-
гонская
5 Catholicism [kəˈθɒlɪˌsɪzəm] – католицизм
6 to execute ruthlessly [ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt ˈruːθlɪslɪ] – безжалостно
казнить
7 Ann Boleyn [bʊˈlɪn] – Анна Болейн
8 the Elizabethan Age [ɪˈlɪzəbi:θən eɪdʒ] – Елизаветинская
эпоха
9 a manor house [ˈmænə haʊs] – особняк
10 to be made of timber and bricks – быть сделанным из дере-
вянного бруса и кирпича
11 a great sea power – великая морская держава
12 to grow rapidly – быстро расти
13 the Hanoverian dynasty [ˌhænəˈvɪərɪən ˈdɪnəstɪ] – Ганновер-
ская династия
14 dignity [ˈdɪɡnɪtɪ] – достоинство
15 Gothic revivals [ˈɡɒθɪk rɪˈvaɪvəlz] – возрождение готики
16 the neo-Gothic style – стиль нео-готики
17 the Saxe-Coburg dynasty [sæks ˈkəʊbɜːɡ] – династия Сак-
сен-Кобург
18 stuffy and hypocritical moral standards [ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl] –
ханжеские и лицемерные нормы морали
19 iron [ˈaɪən] – железо
20 rejection [rɪˈdʒekʃən] – отказ; неприятие, отклонение
21 clothing [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] – одеяния, одежда
160
Section IX, p.p. 43-44
1 the Duke and the Duchess of Cambridge [ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ] – гер-
цог и герцогиня Кэмбриджские
2 the Duke of Edinburgh [ˈɛdɪnbərə] – герцог Эдинбургский
3 the Princess of Wales [prɪnˈsɛs] – принцесса Уэльская
Section X, p.p. 44-45

1 Abraham Lincoln [ˈeɪbrəˌhæm ˈlɪŋkən] – Авраам Линкольн
2 Franklin Roosevelt [ˈfræŋklɪn ˈrəʊzəˌvɛlt] – Франклин Руз-
вельт
Section XI, p.p. 45-46

1 the NATO [ˈneɪtəʊ] – НАТО
2 the UNO [ˈju:nəʊ] – ООН
3 the NASA [ˈnæsə] – НАСА
Section XIV, p.p. 49-50

1 a black-capped chickadee [ˈtʃɪkəˌdiː] – черноголовая гаичка
(вид синицы)
2 a robin redbreast – малиновка
3 ruby-throated [ˈruːbɪ ˈθroʊtɪd] – красногорлый
4 a jay [dʒeɪ] – сойка (птица)
Section XV, p. 50
1 a bobcat [ˈbɒbˌkæt] – рысь рыжая
2 a groundhog [ˈgraʊndhɒg] – североамериканский лесной
сурок
Section XVI, p.p. 51-52

1 a yellowhammer [ˈjeləʊˌhæməʳ] – овсянка обыкновенная
(птица)
2 a hawkeye [ˈhɔkˌaɪ] – зоркий глаз, человек, имеющий
острое зрение (как у ястреба)
3 a pelican [ˈpɛlɪkən] – пеликан
161
4 a wolverine [ˈwʊlvəˌriːn] – росомаха
5 a beaver [ˈbiːvə] – бобер
6 a coyote [ˈkɔɪəʊt] – койот
7 a beehive [ˈbiːˌhaɪv] – улей
8 a badger [ˈbædʒə] – барсук
9 a nutmeg [ˈnʌtmɛɡ] – мускатный орех
Section XVIII, p.p. 54-55

1 Winchester [ˈwɪntʃɪstə] – Винчестер
2 Eton [ˈiːtən] – Итон
3 Harrow [ˈhærəʊ] – Харроу
4 a redbrick university – краснокирпичный университет
Section XIX, p.p. 55-57

1 Harvard [ˈhɑr vərd] – Гарвард
2 Yale [jeɪl] – Йель
3 Melbourne [ˈmɛlbən] – Мельбурн
Section XX, p.p. 57-58

1 Castell Coch – замок Кох
2 Loch Ness [ˌlɒk ˈnɛs] – Лох-Нес (a lake)
3 Loch Morar [ˌlɒk ˈmɔːrə] – Лох-Морар (a lake)
4 Caerleon Amphitheatre [kɑːˈlɪən ˈæmfɪˌθɪətəʳ] – Карлеон-
ский Амфитеатр
Section XXII, p.p. 60-62

the Niagara Falls [naɪˈægərə] – Ниагарский водопад
Section XXIII, p.p. 62-64

1 Wood Buffalo [ˈbʌfəˌləʊ] – Вуд-Баффало (a national park)
2 Rideau Hall [ˈriːdəʊ] – Ридо́-холл
Section XXIV, p.p. 64-65

1 wealth [wɛlθ] – благосостояние, достаток
2 luxury [ˈlʌkʃərɪ] – роскошь
162
3 entertainment [ˌɛntəˈteɪnmənt] – развлечение
4 a student quarter [ˈkwɔːtə] – студенческий квартал
5 Montreal [ˌmɒntrɪˈɔːl] – Монреаль
Section XXV, p.p. 66-67

1 William Shakespeare [ˈwɪljəm ˈʃeɪkspɪə] – Вильям Шек-
спир
2 Percy Bysshe Shelley [ˈpɜ:si ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛli ] – Перси Биш Шелли
3 Galsworthy [ˈɡɔːlzwɜ:ði] – Голсуорси
4 Maugham [ˈmɔːm] – Моэм
5 Tolkien [ˈtɒlkiːn] – Толкин
6 Bernard Shaw [ʃɔː] – Бернард Шоу
7 Sherlock Holmes [ˈʃɜ:lɒk hoʊmz] – Шерлок Холмс
Section XXVI, p.p. 67-69

1 a Mohican [məʊˈhiːkən] – Могикан
2 Wadsworth [ˈwɒdzwɜːθ] – Уодсуорт
3 Steinbeck [ˈstaɪnbɛk] – Стейнбек
4 Theodore Dreiser [ˈdraɪsəʳ] – Теодор Драйзер
5 a breath-taking plot – захватывающий сюжет
Section XXVII, p. 69
1 Stephen [ˈstiːvən] – Стивен
2 a detective fiction writer – писатель детективов
Section XXVIII, p.p. 69-70

1 Gainsborough [ˈgeɪnzˌbɜrə] – Гейнсборо
2 a landscape panting – пейзаж
3 the Ash Can School – Школа мусорного ящика
Section XXIX, p.p. 70-72

1 Gershwin [ˈɡɜːʃwɪn] – Гершвин
2 Louis [ˈluːɪs] – Луис
3 Lucian Freud –[frɔɪd] – Люсьен Фрейд
163
Section XXX, p.p. 72-74
1 Einstein [ˈaɪnstaɪn] – Эйнштейн
2 a single-use syringe [ˈsɪrɪndʒ] – одноразовый шприц
3 power engineering [ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ] – энергетика
Section XXXI, p.p. 74-75

1 Charlotte Brontë [ˈʃɑːlət ˈbrɒnti] – Шарлотта Бронте
2 Isadora Duncan [ˌɪzəˈdɔrə ˈdʌŋkən] – Айседора Дункан
Section XXXII, p.p. 75-77

1 a script writer [skrɪpt] – сценарист
2 Marilyn Monroe [ˈmærilin mənˈrəʊ] – Мерлин Монро
3 Sean Connery [ˈʃɔːn ˈkɒnəri] – Шон Коннери
Section XXXIII, p.p. 77-78

Elisa Doolittle [ɪˈlaɪzə ˈdu:ˌlɪtl] – Элиза Дулитл
Section XXXV, p.p. 80-81

1 Aussie Rules [ˈɒzi] – австралийский футбол
2 lacrosse [ləˈkrɒs] – лакрос
Unit C
Task 1, p. 86
1 Malta [ˈmɔːltə] – Мальта
2 Australia [ɒˈstreɪlɪə] – Австралия
Task 2, p. 87
1 Ireland [ˈaɪələnd] – Ирландия
2 an island [ˈaɪlənd] – остров
Task 3, p.p. 88-89

1 Alabama [ˌæləˈbæmə] – Алабама
2 Alaska [əˈlæskə] – Аляска
164
3 Arizona [ˌærɪ'zəunə] – Аризона
4 Arkansas [ˈɑrkənsɔː] – Арканзас
5 California [ˌkælɪ'fɔːnɪə] – Калифорния
6 Сolorado [ˌkɔl(ə)'rɑːdəu] – Колорадо
7 Connecticut [kə'netɪkət] – Коннектикут
8 Delaware ['deləweə] – Делавэр
9 Florida ['flɔrɪdə] – Флорида
10 Georgia ['ʤɔːʤ(ɪ)ə] – Джорджия
11 Hawaii [hə'waɪiː] – Гавайи
12 Idaho ['aɪdəhəu] – Айдахо
13 Illinois [ˌɪlɪ'nɔɪ] – Иллинойс
14 Indiana [ˌɪndɪ'ænə] – Индиана
15 Iowa ['aɪəuə] – Айова
16 Kansas ['kænzəs] – Канзас
17 Kentucky [ken'tʌkɪ] – Кентукки
18 Louisiana [luˌiːzɪ'ænə] – Луизиана
19 Maine [meɪn] – Мэн
20 Maryland ['meərɪlænd] – Мэриленд
21 Massachusetts [ˌmæsə'ʧuːsɪts] – Массачусетс
22 Michigan ['mɪʃɪgən] – Мичиган
23 Minnesota [ˌmɪnɪ'səutə] – Миннесота
24 Mississippi [ˌmɪsɪ'sɪpɪ] – Миссисипи
25 Missouri [mɪ'zuərɪ] – Миссури
26 Montana [mɔn'tænə] – Монтана
27 Nebraska [nɪ'bræskə] – Небраска
28 Nevada [nə'vɑːdə] – Невада
29 New Hampshire [ˌnjuː'hæmpʃə] – Нью-Хэмпшир (Нью-
Гэмпшир)
30 New Jersey [ˌnjuː'ʤɜːzɪ] – Нью-Джерси
31 New Mexico [ˌnjuː'meksɪkəu] – Нью-Мексико
32 New York [ˌnjuː'jɔːk] – Нью-Йорк
33 North Carolina [ˌnɔːθkær(ə)'laɪnə] – Северная Каролина
34 North Dakota [ˌnɔːθdə'kəutə] – Северная Дакота
35 Ohio [əu'haɪəu] – Огайо
165
36 Oklahoma [ˌəuklə'həumə] – Оклахома
37 Oregon ['ɔrɪgən] – Орегон
38 Pennsylvania [ˌpen(t)sɪl'veɪnɪə] – Пенсильвания
39 Rhode Island [ˌrəud'aɪlənd] – Род-Айленд
40 South Carolina [saʊθ ˌkærə'laɪnə] – Южная Каролина
41 South Dakota [saʊθ də'kəutə] – Южная Дакота
42 Tennessee [ˌtenə'siː] – Теннесси
43 Texas ['teksəs] – Техас
44 Utah ['juːtɑː] – Юта
45 Vermont [vɜː'mɔnt] – Вермонт
46 Virginia [və'ʤɪnɪə] – Вирджиния
47 Washington ['wɔʃɪŋtən] – Вашингтон
48 West Virginia [ˌwest və'ʤɪnjə] – Западная Вирджиния
49 Wisconsin [wɪs'kɔn(t)sɪn] – Висконсин
50 Wyoming [waɪ'əumɪŋ] – Вайоминг
Task 5, p. 91
1 a mouthpiece [ˈmaʊθˌpiːs] – мундштук
2 a sitar [sɪˈtɑː] - ситар
3 a didjeridoo [ˌdɪdʒərɪˈduː] – диджериду
Task 7, p. 93
1 a harvest [ˈhɑːvɪst] – урожай
2 Pilgrims [ˈpɪlɡrɪms] – пилигриммы (паломники, странни-
ки)
Task 8, p. 94
1 Frankenstein [ˈfræŋkɪnˌstaɪn] – Франкенштейн
2 a ghost [ɡəʊst] – призрак
3 a witch [wɪtʃ] – ведьма
Task 9, p. 95
1 a cracker [ˈkrækə] – хлопушка
2 a stocking [ˈstɒkɪŋ] – носок
166
3 the Nativity scene [nəˈtɪvɪtɪ siːn] – сцена рождения Христа
4 a carol [ˈkærəl] – рождественский гимн
Task 10, p.p. 96-97

1 Guy Fawkes [ɡaɪ fɔːks] – Гай Фокс
2 Buckingham Palace [ˈbʌkɪŋəm ˈpælɪs] – Букингемский дворец
3 gingerbread [ˈdʒɪndʒəˌbrɛd] – имбирный пряник
Unit D
I. Historical Factfiles: p.p. 114-116

1 an inhabitant [ɪnˈhæbɪtənt] – житель
2 an invader [ɪnˈveɪdəʳ] – захватчик
3 inheritance [ɪnˈhɛrɪtəns] – наследование
4 sovereignty [ˈsɒvrəntɪ] – независимость, суверинитет
5 a governor-general [ˈɡʌvənə ˈdʒɛnərəl] – генерал-губернатор
III. The Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom: p.p. 122-127

1 the policy of pacifying – политика миротворчества, усми-
рения
2 to delay [dɪˈleɪ] – откладывать
3 to exhaust [ɪɡˈzɔːst] – исчерпывать, истощать, изнурять
4 to restrict [rɪˈstrɪkt] – ограничивать
5 a bloody battle – кровавая битва
6 consequences [ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz] – последствия
7 a tragedy [ˈtrædʒɪdɪ] – трагедия
8 to belong [bɪˈlɒŋ] – принадлежать
9 progressive measures [ˈmɛʒəz] – прогрессивные меры
IV. The US Presidents: p.p. 128-134

1 to participate [pɑːˈtɪsɪˌpeɪt] – участвовать
2 to support [səˈpɔːt] – поддерживать
3 a crime [kraɪm] – преступление
4 an infringement [ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt] – нарушение закона
167
5 an impeachment [ɪmˈpiːtʃmənt] – импичмент, привлечение
к суду за государственное преступление
6 a notorious hotel [nəʊˈtɔːrɪəs] – гостиница с дурной славой
7 to exceed [ɪkˈsiːd] – превышать
8 the abolition of slavery [ˌæbəˈlɪʃən] – отмена рабства
9 to be assassinated [əˈsæsɪneɪtɪd] – быть убитым по полити-
ческим мотивам или наемным убийцей
10 aggravation [ˌægrəˈveɪʃən] – усугубление, ухудшение
168
Библиография
Учебные пособия
1. Все страны мира: Энциклопедический справочник – М.:

Вече, 2005.
2. Венявская В.М. Английский язык. Страноведение. “Across
the Countries and Continents”. Ростов-на-Дону, 2009.
3. Томахин Г.Д. По странам изучаемого языка: Англ. яз.: Справ.
материалы. – М.: Просвещение, 1993.
4. Петрова С.В., Рудавин О.Н. Сборник тем по английскому
языку. Серия “Без репетитора”. – Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, Харь-
ков: Торсинг, 2002.
5. О Британии вкратце: Книга для чтения на англ. языке. Серия
“Школа в клеточку”. – М.: Лист, 1999.
6. The USA: geography, history, education, painting (a reader).
Книга для чтения на англ. языке. Серия “Школа в клеточку”. – М.:
Лист, 1999.
Словари
1. Великобритания: Лингвострановедческий словарь (сост. Г.Д.

Томахин) – М.: ООО “Издательство АСТ”: ООО “Издательство
Астрель”, 2001.
2. Ощепкова В.В., Шустилов И.И. Краткий англо-русский линг-
вострановедческий словарь: Великобритания, США, Канада, Ав-
стралия, Новая Зеландия. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2000.
3. Великобритания: Лингвострановедческий словарь. – М.:
Рус. яз., 1978.
4. Словарь активного усвоения лексики английского языка. –
Лонгман Груп Лимитед, Харлоу: М.: Рус. яз., 1988.
5. Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary. A Merriam-Webster. G.&C.
Merriam Company. Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
169
Интернет ресурсы
1. http://www.royal.gov.uk – the official website of The British
Monarchy.
2. http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/WindsorCastle/
WindsorCastle.aspx
3. http://www.answers.com/topic/prime-minister-of-the-united-
kingdom.
4. http://www.answers.com/topic/great-britain.
5. http://www.milesfaster.co.uk/information/uk-currency.
6. http://www.visitbritain.com/ru/RU/.
7. http://england-travel.suite101.com/article.cfm/the-best-sights-
in-southern-england.
8. http://in-travel.org/en/resort/scotland/scotland.html.
9. http://www.seewales.com.
10.http://www.northern-ireland-travel.com/
11.http://www.artquotes.net/masters/country/british.htm.
12.http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/
allsaints.
13. http://scientists.penyet.net.
14. http://www.choosebritish.co.uk/famous-british-actors.html
15. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA
16. http://www.ageofbronze.ca
17. http://www.native-english/Australia
18. http://www.justaustalia.org
19. http://www.travel.nationalgeographic.com
20. http://www.australiiya.ru
21. http://www.newzealand.ru
22. http://www.oldzealand.ru
23. http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/encyclopedia
24. http://www.nzembassy.com
25. http://www.google.com/images
26. http://www.foto.planetadruzey.ru
27. http://www.img1.liveinternet.ru/images/foto
28. http://www.ispu.ru
170
Об авторах
Прохорова Анна Александровна:
• Доцент кафедры иностранных
языков ФГБОУ ВПО «Ивановский
государственный энергетический
университет имени В.И. Ленина»,
г. Иваново
• Кандидат филологических наук
• Профессор Российской Академии
Естествознания
• Заслуженный работник науки и
образования (РАЕ)
• Автор более 50 научных статей,
10 учебно-методических разработок,
2 монографий
Рушинская Ирина Сергеевна:

• Доцент кафедры иностранных языков
ФГБОУ ВПО «Ивановский государствен-
ный энергетический университет имени
В.И. Ленина», г. Иваново
• Методический координатор и редак-
тор внутривузовского инновационного
проекта «Создание интернет-ресурса по
теме ‘‘Страноведение’’ для самостоятель-
ной работы студентов всех специально-
стей ИГЭУ», 2010 год
• Автор 17 учебных изданий, нескольких
статей в вузовских сборниках
• Награждена Почётной грамотой Министерства образования
Российской Федерации
171
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родного и иностранного языков в вузе: материалы международ-
ной научно-практической конференции (3-4 февраля 2011 г.) /
Сост. С.Ю. Тюрина. – Иваново: ИГЭУ, 2011. – С 27-29.
Васильева М.А., Прохорова А.А. Важность социокультурной

составляющей курса «Иностранный язык в неязыковом вузе»
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2013. – P. 160-183.
Prokhorova A. Multilingual Personality of a Student in Multicultural

Society // A Person in the Modern World, San Francisco: B&M
Publishing, USA. 2013. – P. 88-93.
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Speaking World // Language for International Communication:
Linking Interdisciplinary Perspectives: Papers of the 2nd International
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172
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лингвострановедческой интерференции в процессе обучения
иностранному языку студентов инженерных специальностей //
Известия Южного Федерального университета (Педагогические
науки), №3, 2014. – С. 95-100.
Прохорова А.А. Multilingual Competence in Russian Higher

Education: Problems and Perspectives // Вестник Череповецкого
государствен. университета. №3. Череповец: ФГБОУ ВПО ЧГУ,
2014. – С. 119-123.
Рушинская И.С. About Sociology in English. О социологии:

практикум по англ. языку. - М.: Флинта: Наука, 2000. - 112 с.
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Наука, 2005. - 184 с.
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ные тесты по страноведению (англоязычные страны)». - Ивано-
во, 2011. - 80 с.
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173
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2-е издание, стереотипное

Г.М. Вишневская, доктор филологических наук, профессор;

Пособие содержит справочные материалы по

ISBN 978-5-9765-2511-5 © Прохорова А.А., 2015

The modern political and economic situation in Russia, the

‘‘The sun never sets in the British Empire.’’

‘‘Every country has its customs’’ because

From 1931 till 1947 this Headquarters:

Singapore is the most highly developed nation in the Commonwealth?

Half of the people in the Commonwealth lives in India?

All the countries of the Commonwealth share English as a common

One-third of the world’s young people live in the Commonwealth?

Every four years the Commonwealth’s members celebrate the

The Members of the Commonwealth of Nations

Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean 85,000

Country Continent Population

New Zealand Oceania 4,294,000

Motto: God And My Right

Anthem: God Save the Queen

Capital (and the largest city): London

Official Language: English

National Languages: Scottish, Irish, Welsh (валлийский)

Status: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Government: the British Monarch, the Prime Minister

Area: 244,820 km²

Currency: Pound sterling (£),(GBP)

Internet Top Level Domain (TLD): .uk

Calling code: +44

Historically, the country is divided into counties. At present,

Motto: God and My Right

Anthem: God Save the Queen

Patron Saint: Saint George

Territory: 78,772 km²

The Flag of Scotland, known as Population: 5,116,900

St. Andrew’s Day: 30th November

The national A piper, playing

Some people call Ireland the

National Language: Irish

Territory: 13,843 km²

Patron Saint: Saint Patrick

St. Patrick’s Day: 17th March

The White House is the

The Great Seal Wall Street is the business

Capital: Washington, D.C.

Largest city: New York City

Official languages: None

Canada’s flag depicts the maple

Status: Parliamentary democracy

Royal anthem: God Save the Internet TLD: .ca

The Royal Canadian Mounted The name Canada comes from

Ice Hockey, the national winter

Area: 7,741,220 km²

The Coat of Arms depicts Currency: Australian dollar

Lieutenant James Cook charted

Port Arthur, Tasmania was

The Super Pit in Kalgoorlie is

Official name: The Realm of New

Status: Parliamentary democracy

Aoraki or Mount Cook is the Agriculture is the main export

‘‘Pavlova cake’’ is named after the