Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 4

Chapter 2: Definitions 7

2.1 Fluid…………….………………………………………………….……….………7

2.2 Types of Fluid…………………………………………………………………...…7

2.2.1 Ideal Fluid……………...……………………………………….……..…..….7

2.2.2 Real Fluid…….…………………………………………………….….….…..7

2.2.3 Newtonian Fluid………………………….……………………….….…….…7

2.2.4 Non-Newtonian Fluid.……………………..……………………….….….…..8

2.3 Density……....…………………..……………………………..………….…….…8

2.4 Viscosity……...……………….………………………………………….…...........8

2.4.1 Dynamic Viscosity………………...……………………………….…..……..8

2.4.2 Kinematic Viscosity.…………….……………………………….….….….....8

2.5 Newton law of Viscosity....…………..……..………….…………………………..9

2.6 Power Law.…………………………….…………………………………….….….9

2.7 Flow…………..…………...…………………………………………………….….9

2.7.1 Steady and Unsteady Flow………………...………………………………….9

2.7.2 Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow..…………………………………..………..9

2.7.3 Rotational and Irrotational Flow………………...……….…….……..…......10

2.7.4 Laminar and Turbulent Flow…………………………....…….…………......10

2.7.5 Compressible and Incompressible Flow……………..……….………..…….10

2.8 Body force……………...…………………………………………………………10

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 2.9 Buoyancy force……………………...…………………………………………....10

2.10 Shear stress…………………………………………………………………...….10

2.11 Shear strain……………………………………………………………………....10

2.12 Peristalsis Flow………………………………………………………………….11

2.13 Heat Transfer………………………………………………………………….....11

2.13.1 Conduction ……..……………………….………………...………..…..….11

2.13.2 Convection……………………..……………………...………………...…11

2.13.3 Radiation ……...…………………………………...………………..……..11

2.14 Mixed Convection…….…………………………………………………………11

2.15 Thermal Conductivity…………………………………………………………...12

2.16 Thermal Diffusivity………………………………..…………………………….12

2.17 Electrical Conductivity………………………………………………………......12

2.18 Specific Heat…….……………………….…………………………….………..12

2.19 Wave Number…………………………………………………………..…...........12

2.20 Reynolds Number………………………………………………………………..13

2.21 Prandtl Number………………………………………………………………….13

2.22 Dufour Number…………………………………………………………....…….13

2.23 Soret Number……………………………………………………………………13

2.24 Schmidt Number……………………………………………………………...…14

Chapter 3: Mathematical modelling and analysis of fourth grade material's peristaltic

movement in the presence of Soret and Dufour aspects 15

3.1 Introduction……………………….…………….……………………………..….15

3.2 Formulating the Problem…….….………………………………………………...16

3.3 Numerical Method………...……………………...….…………………….……...27

3.3 Numerical Outcomes and Remarks………..……...….……………….……..........28

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 3.4.1 Pressure rise……………………………………………………..…………...28

3.4.2 Pressure gradient…………….…………………………………….…..…….29

3.4.3 Temperature..……….……….…………………………………….…………30

3.4.4 Concentration…………………………..…….……………………..……….32

3.45 Heat transfer coefficient………………...……………………………………33

3.5 Conclusions…………………………………………………….…..……………..34

Bibliography 36

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