Povolzhskaja Arkheologia 2013 5

ISSN 2306-4099
P O V O L ZHSKAYA ARKHEOLOGI YA 3 (5) 2013

VOLGA RIVER REGION ARCHAEOLOGY
Scientific Journal
. . Shigabutdin Marjani Institute of History
of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (TAS)
Mari State University
2012 . Journal was founded in April 2012
Certificate of registration of the mass media
77-49339 10 2012 . 77-54682 given by Roskomnadzor
on 10 April 2012
4 Published 4 times a year
Editor in chief
.-. .. TAS Corresponding Member F.Sh. Khuzin
: Executive editors:
.-. Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)
.. Corresponding Member Kh.A. Amirkhanov
(. ), (Makhachkala, Russian Federation),
- . Dr. Habil. Ingeborg Baldauf
(. , ), (Berlin, Germany),
- . (. , ), Dr. Habil. Pavel Georgiev (Shumen, Bulgaria),
... .. (. ), Dr. Habil. E.P. Kazakov (Kazan, RF),
.-. .. RAS Corresponding Member
(. ), N.N. Kradin (Vladivostok, RF),
- . (. , ), Ph.D. ttila Trk (Budapest, Hungary),
- . (. , ), Dr. Habil. Istvn Fodor (Budapest, Hungary),
. .. TAS Academician R.S. Khakimov
(. ), chairman (Kazan, RF),
. .. (. ) RAS Academician V.L. Yanin (Moscow, RF)
: Editorial board:
... .. . . ., Ph.D. A.G. Sitdikov deputy chief editor,
... .. . . ., Ph.D. Yu. A. Zeleneev deputy chief editor,
... .. , Dr. Habil. A.A. Vybornov,
... .. , Ph.D. M.Sh. Galimova,
... .. , ... .. , Dr. Habil. R.D. Goldina, Ph.D. I.L. Izmaylov,
... .. , Ph.D. S.V. Kuz'minykh,
... .. , Dr. Habil. .. Leont'ev,
... .. Dr. Habil. .B. Nikitina
... .. . D.Sc. G.Sh. Asylgaraeva executive secretary
: Editorial Office Address:
420012 . , . , 30 420012 Kazan, Butlerov street, 30
: (843) 292-91-99 Telephone: (843) 292-91-99
E-mail: arch.pov@mail.ru
http://archaeologie.pro
. . , 2013
, 2013
, 2013
Publishing house Fn TAS

Kazan
. 3 (5) 2013
.. .. (19332010) ...................................7

..
...........................................................................9
.., .., ..
...................................................56
.., .., .., ..

(I . ..) ................................................79
..

( CLXXIX) .............................91
..
............................................................103
.., .., ..
VVIII . .. ( ) ................116
.., ..
XIIIXIV ..............................................145
..
......................................155
.., .., ..
X
I ( ) ........................................169

.., ..
...............175
..
( ) ............................................191
. 3 (5) 2013

.. . : .. -
(, 2011. 220 .) ............................................................200

.., ..
: .. (18881959) ..........................................209
..
( 85- .. ) ......................................213
.. : .. .........................................220
.. 50! ...........................228
..
.......................................234
............................................................................................239
...........................................................................................241
POVOLZHSKAYA ARKHEOLOGIYA. 3 (5) 2013
(VOLGA RIVER REGION ARCHAEOLOGY)
CONTENTS
Asylgaraeva G.Sh. Toward the jubilee of A.G. Petrenko (19332010) ....................7
Articles
Stegantsev M.A. Determining the ratio of animal species
in the herd of pre-class societies ..........................................................................9
Podobed V.A., Usachuk A.N., Tsimidanov V.V. Human teeth in the rites
of the Volga tribes during the Bronze Age .........................................................56
Khomutova T.E., Demkina T.S., Kashirskaya N.N., Demkin V.A.
The state of microbial communities in paleosoils of the solonetz assemblage
on the Northern Yergeni upland as indicator of climate humidity
within the middle sarmatuan time-window (I c. AD) ........................................79
Yavorskaya L.V. A specificity of filling-up the cultural layers and
dynamics of meat consumption in the town Bulgar (according to
archaeozoological material of excavation trench CLXXIX) .............................91
Asylgaraeva G.Sh. Investigation osteologic materials
of Nizhny Novgorod kremlin ...........................................................................103
Askeyev I.V., Galimova D.N., Askeyev O.V. Birds of the Middle
Volga region during the VXVIII enturies AD
(according to archaeological excavations) .......................................................116
Komarov S.G., Vasilyev S.V. Craniological features of the citizens
of Kostroma in the XIIIXIV centuries ...........................................................145
Rakhmatullin N.R. Construction of the auricle in the course
of plastic reconstructing a face from the cranium ............................................155
Begovatov E.A., Lebedev V.P., Khramchenkova R.Kh.
Chemical composition of coins omplex of the X century
from the I Semenovo settlement (Tatarstan Republic) ....................................169
Publications
Kutukov D.V., Panteleev S.A. Investigation of the Bulgarian burials
of pre-Mongolian times in the territory of Astrakhan Region .........................175
Gubaydullin A.M. Researches in the central part of the Bulgar ancient
hill-fort settlement (House of the handicraftsman) ......................................191
POVOLZHSKAYA ARKHEOLOGIYA. 3 (5) 2013
(VOLGA RIVER REGION ARCHAEOLOGY)
Critique and Bibliography

Stavitsky V.V. Review of the book: Morgunova N.L. Eneolit
Volgo-Ural'skogo mezhdurech'ya [The Eneolithic
of the Volga-Urals interstream area] (Orenburg, 2011. 220 p.) .......................200
Chronicle
Sitdikov A.G., Kharitonovich V.A.
Toward the jubilee of scientist: N.F. Kalinin (18881959) .............................209
Nabiullin N.G. The researcher the medieval town Dzhuketau
(the 85th anniversary of T.A. Khlebnikova) ....................................................213
Kuznetsova L.V. Toward the jubilee of scientist: N.P. Salugina ............................220
Gerasimova M.M. Sergey Vladimirovich Vasilyev is 50 years old! .....................228
Galimova M.Sh. The Third All-Russian Scientific Conference
The dynamics of modern ecosystems in the Holocene ................................234
List of abbreviations .............................................................................................239
Rules for authors ...................................................................................................241
3 (5) 2013

(19332010)
(1985), (1999),
(20042010).
,
1966 . ( 1997 . ). -
, -
. 100 7 .
: . -
. , 2004. .204206; ..
( ..) // : -
. . 4. . , 2004. .436441; . 1999.
.435; - . , 2002. .66; ..
// . 3.
-. : -
, 2008. . 59.
(. : . -
(19872006 .) / . . . ...
: , 2007. .102; -
. 3. : -, 2008. . 59).
6
.. .. (19332010)
06.091
.. (19332010)
2013 . ..
, IV -
- , -
2013 , -
80 .
, 1966 ., - (IGAZ).

. 1967 . -
, -
-
. ..
- , -
- ( -
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), , ,
1985 . -, -
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- .
( 16.00.02) -
,
( 07.00.06) ,
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V -
. .. II . ... -
1975 . -
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. -
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7
3 (5) 2013
, ,
, .
. -
- .. (), .. -
, (), .. ().
- , -

, - -
. .
- .. -
, -
- -
. , -

,
, - . ,
,
, , . -
, , -
. ,
.
:
, , -
, , . . (. , -
); gul_shat@mail.ru
TOWARD THE JUBILEE OF A.G. PETRENKO (19332010)
G.Sh. Asylgaraeva
Articles published in this issue of the journal Volga river region Archaeology, to some
extent, reflect the range of scientific interests of A.G. Petrenko, and we are pleased to dedicate
this issue to her memory.
Information about the author:

Asylgaraeva Gulshat Sh., D.Sc. (Veterinary), senior research scientist, Sh.Marjani Insti-
tute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); gul_shat@
mail.ru
8
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3 (5) 2013
(Z = 0,44, z = 1,05). -
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3 (5) 2013
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t =1 = CT (26)
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19
3 (5) 2013
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(1-y)/(1-Y) -
0+1+ 2+...+( -1 )+
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) A(1 + YZ) 2 (29)
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3 a C = a (1 + y z ) =
=10%. (25)
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3 =9%
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2000, . 118) , -
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10 , - :
10% (Y = 0,1).
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13. (1, 2, 3,
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5

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2025 . -
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21
3 (5) 2013
2 = ( 1 2)/2. (33) 3/=(3+4+5)/[0,51+1,52+

, 2,53 + 3,54 + 2(X+2)5]. (40)
1318 -
, 4/ = (4 + 5)/[0,51 + 1,52 +
3: 2,53 + 3,54 + 2(X+2)5]. (41)
3 = ( 1 2 3)/2 =
(3 + 4 + 5)/2. (34) 5/=2X5/[0,51 + 1,52 + 2,53 +
( 3,54 + 2(X+2)5)]. (42)
)
4 ( 1924 ) (38)-(42) ,
[c. (2)]:
4 = ( 1 2 3 4)/2 =
( 4 + 5)/2. (35) -
5 - :
5/ [. (13)]. 1:2:3:4:5 = (1):
(12):(3+4+5):
(4+5):2X5. (43)
4,
. , 1/+2/+3/+ 4/+
5 (- 5/ = 1,
). - (38)-(43)
: i
5 = 5/. (36) (i=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) -
() (i),
(32)-(36). .
, 14. , ,
, - -
, -
(). -
= [3 2,51 1,52 0,53 + (38)-(43)
0,54 + (2X+1)5]/2. (37) .
-
, (2): (Z),
= [0,51+ 1,52 + 2,53 + 3,54 + .
2(X+2)5]/2. (37) ,
(32)-(37), - ( 5), 0,44.
-

.
1/ = ( 1)/[0,51 + 1,52 + 6 (, 5, . 425; ,
2,53 + 3,54 + 2(X+2)5]. (38)
6

2/=(1 2)/[0,51+1,52+ (46% -
2,53 + 3,54 + 2(X+2)5]. (39) ,
). -

22
.. ...
2
(%)
( )
, .
1962, . 71; , 1970, . 4754; -

1974, . 243244). )
1
, - 5 , -
(31): 618 ( 6
Z = U5 / = U5 /55/ = 2 3)
UD5/. (44) -
(44): U -
, .
D = 5 /5 - 15,5% ,
5 ( ); 618 , -
5/ ( - : 1,5%
) [- 6 ( 1,
(42)].
5/ - 6,9%) 7% -
=8 712 (2) 1318
(. 5) (3).
.. (1962, . 10; 1966, . 8) ,
- 1828 ( 4
5), ,
-
( IV . ..,
29269 ) ( IV . (5), ,
.. V . .., 2058 4. -
). - , 12,1% ,
1828 ,
: 9%
116 1924 . (4) 3,1%
. 2 . 2528 (
- 5). Z
( 65,5%.
18 -
22%,
(, 1970, . 48). . 2
4
68,6%.
23
3 (5) 2013
3 ; (-
- , 1989, . 51) -
- (, 1991, . 258;
( - , , 2005, . 72).
1828
4?) . 5/ = 0,765,

,
- ( ),
. 8 . 5/
(38)-(42) = 6 0,712, -
8 , - Z = 0,427.
, - 0,44. = 10 5/ = 0,804.
: -
1/ = 6,7%, 2/ = 6,1%, ,
3/ = 5,6%, 4/ = 5,1%, Z = 0,482. -
5/ = 76,5%. (45)
( 5) U Z = 0,44 10%. -
0,8. , -
(5) - () 8
3 , 2 -
(, 1966, . 24, 26, .
20), .. D = 5 /5 = 0,75. - .
(44)
Z = 0,80,75 0,765 = 0,459. (46)
-
Z = 0,44, (5/).
- (M),
[ (16)], - , , 2 .
5%. - -
, 4 () -
5/ (n) -
, (m),
4, 13 - -
. (Mm = M/n),
15. . -
, ( = 100/
(46), - [%]). .. ..
, -
Z = 0,459 - ,
. , -
- n, m, M, , (.: -
( ) 5 /= , 1956, . 28, 3031; 1966, . 1518,
D5/ = 57,4%, 5/1 2122; 1970, . 56, 64; 1984,
= 11,4; (5/A):(1/) = 9,1. . 34, 36; 2007, . 64). -
24
.. ...
5/ . .
-
28
34 (, 1966, . 8, -
. 3), -
(, 2003, . 165) -
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65), 34 ,
57 (, 1970, . 19); 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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4
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= (5,25 0,05)]%. 5/ (-
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(), 2,53 + 3,54 + 2(+2)5)], (48)
5/ [.
(42)]. - 3/ = (0,53+4+5)/[0,51+1,52+
(42), 2,53 + 3,54 + 2(+2)5)], (49)

5/ = gX/(f + gX) (46) 4/ =(0,54+5)/[0,51+1,52+2,53 +
(46) g = 25/; f = 0,51/ 3,54 + 2(+2)5)], (50)
+ 1,52/+ 2.53/+ 3,54/+ 45/.
1/, 5/ = 25/[0,51 + 1,52 + 2,53 +
2/, 3/, 4/, 5/ 3 - 3,54 + 2(+2)5)]. (51)
g 1,14 ( 1)
1,44 ( 4);
27
3 (5) 2013
., 2000, . 120). , d4 =
- 0,85. , -
4,
: :
1:2:3:4:5=(0,51):(1 0,52): 2ud44 = 21,50,854 =
(0,53+4 + 5):(0,54 + 5):25. (52) 2,554. (53)
(53): 2 , -
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1012 , - 4 -
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4 ;
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1,05. 2,554 + 1,455 = za = /. (54)
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2 z = (2,554 + 1,455)/a =
06 . 2,554/a+ 1,455/a. (54)
1 - 4/a 5/a
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28
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29
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6
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, 1992) , (

31
3 (5) 2013
. 3.
.
) - (55), (55), -
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: = + + + , + ,

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32
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, , = + +
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33
3 (5) 2013
8
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1). .. (1955, . 2425) -

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37
3 (5) 2013
21. - 100 (. 2, .
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3 (5) 2013
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41
3 (5) 2013

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3 (5) 2013
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3 (5) 2013
3. - 4.
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3 (5) 2013
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48
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49
3 (5) 2013
1.1

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I ,
1989 .;
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:
, (. ),
(. -, ); mark.stegantsev@gmail.com
51
3 (5) 2013
DETERMINING THE RATIO OF ANIMAL SPIESES

IN THE HERD OF PRE-CLASS SOCIETIES
M.A. Stegantsev
The theoretical portion of the article demonstrates that percentage composition of the
ancient herd may be restored only by taking into account the early maturation of the domestic
ungulates that are a component part of it. The values of their early maturation depend on the
distribution of animals by age. Formulas, derived through herd models developed in the text,
make it possible to determine the required distribution, based on the number of animal units of
different ages in kitchen scraps. They are not affected by the type of reproduction of the herd.
Using these formulas to determine the early maturation of cattle, small cattle, and horses
in the colonies of several crops in forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones confirmed the
adequacy of the model in explaining the archaeological data. It is also demonstrated that
economic specialization of successive cultures during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in
the western zones of forest-steppe and steppe of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan is
mainly determined by the role of the horse.
The exploration of different methods of determination ancient herd composition makes it
possible to come to the conclusion that the transition from identifiable bones in the excavation
to the number of animal units corresponding to them, and then with the help of various types
of early maturation to their ratio in the ancient herd has an absolute priority as compared to
the transition from the identifiable bones directly to the composition of the herd.
Keywords: archaeozoology, animal skeletal remains at excavations, ancient herd compo-
sition and its reconstruction, ancient animal husbandry specialization, West Siberia, Northern
Kazakhstan.
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Antipina E.E. Metody rekonstruktsii osobennostey skotovodstva na yuge Vostochnoy

Evropy v epokhu bronzy [Methods of reconstruction cattle breeding in the south of Eastern
Europe during the Bronze Age]. In: Rossiyskaya arheologiya [Russian Archaeology],
1997, no. 3.
Antipina E.E. Arheozoologicheskie issledovaniya: zadachi, potencialnye
vozmozhnosti i realnye rezultaty [Archaeozoological investigations: tasks, potential
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72
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HUMAN TEETH IN THE RITES OF THE VOLGA TRIBES

DURING THE BRONZE AGE
V.A. Podobed, A.N. Usachuk, V.V. Tsimidanov

The paper deals with analysis the burials and ceremonial complexes at the Bronze Age
settlements included such a category of the inventory as human teeth. The authors have
come to conclusion that manipulations with the this objects had played a definite role in the
religious practices of the Bronze Age. Moreover, this happened in different cultures and over
a vast area. The complexes with the human teeth of later times have been considered also.
Keywords: the Bronze Age, burials, human teeth, the rites.
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Information about the authors:

Podobed Vyacheslav A., senior research scientist, Donetsk Museum of Regional Studies
(Donetsk, Ukraine); archaeodon@front.ru
Usachuk Anatoliy N., Ph.D. (History), senior research scientist, Donetsk Museum of
Regional Studies (Donetsk, Ukraine); dood@mail.ru
Tsimidanov Vitaliy V., Ph.D. (History), leading research scientist, Donetsk Museum of
Regional Studies (Donetsk, Ukraine); archaeodon@front.ru
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(Festuca sulcata)
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, . 1496-1503).
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3 (5) 2013
1

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%

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-677 0-17 1 0.95 7.7 0.17 20.0 37.6 1.8
17-32 1 0.80 8.9 0.47 34.8 49.6 6.8
32-44 2 0.44 8.9 0.42 30.0 50.4 6.5
2000
-679 163-176 1 0.32 6.5 0.45 5.2 23.9 5.0
176-202 1 0.42 7.6 0.35 14.4 31.2 6.0
202-210 2 0.23 8.2 0.63 17.2 43.1 8.5

-680 157-167 1 0.32 7.1 0.36 6.0 20.3 4.0
167-191 1 0.32 7.1 0.37 14.8 32.0 6.7
191-205 2 0.32 8.2 0.46 15.1 38.4 6.9

-681 143-153 1 0.26 6.8 0.32 8.0 20.4 3.0
153-175 1 0.23 7.0 0.29 18.4 30.4 5.5
175-187 2 0.17 8.1 0.32 14.8 33.2 5.4

-682 124-137 1 0.38 6.9 8.4 21.1 4.9
137-162 1 0.35 8.0 18.4 28.8 5.0
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(50, 7.4) ,
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. . 30 -
82
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(, 1980). -
, (. 1)
-
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(, , 1976), . -
-
-
(, , 3440% ( -
, 1985, . 5764). - -
- ) 6468% (
() (: -
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- -
, /, -
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- (14%)
. - (5.6%).
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.
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- ),
- 4.2% (-
) 10.2% -
I . .. -3 .
. 1. - ,
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1.5
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86%, (1314 . / ), -
83
3 (5) 2013
. 1.
(. 1+1+2)

() -
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-3.
:
-677 ,
-678 .

I . ..:
-679 ,
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-682
.
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84
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. - -
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. , -
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, -, -
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. / ,
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; -
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- 5.87.8)
: - (139 134149 ). -
, -
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,
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- ,
85
3 (5) 2013
2
-
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,

. , %
/ ,
/ (::)
(:.100)

13.36 54 : 7 : 39 5.7 139
-

14.24 58 : 6 : 36 6.4 162

8.08 53 : 7 : 40 5.8 135

8.97 57 : 5 : 38 7.8 149

I . ..

6.86 53 : 7 : 40 6.1 134

7.54 65 : 6 : 29 5.0 228

: , -
, ; -
, -
, : , , .
-
- I . .. -
.
- / :
-
, - 6.4 162, 5.1 228
. .
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- ..
.
-
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, - -
(6%), - -
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- -
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86
.., .., .., .. ...
- (-
.
. , -
- , -
- )
-
. .
, -
,
-
, -
, , ,
- -
- ( ) -

I . ..
( 2000 -
).
- -
-
,
I . ..
-
, - -
.
-
-
.
.., .. -
3,4- // . 1985. 5.
.., .., .. .
IIV . .. : , 2009. 96 .
.., .., ..
// . 2000.
9.
.., .., ..
- - //
. 2004. 7.
.., .., .., ..
// -
- . . 2. : - , 2004.
.., .., .., ..
. .: - , 1980.
87
3 (5) 2013
.., .., .., .. -

// -
. 2009. 5.
.., ..
( Bdellovibrio). ., 1978. 205 c.
.. Nocardia . .: ,
1976. 199 .
.., .., .. -
//
. 2004. . 73. 2.
.., .., .. -
-
// . 2011. 12.
Demkina T.S., Khomutova T.E., Kashirskaya N.N., Demkina E.V., Stretovich I.V., El-
Registan G.I., Demkin V.A. Age and activation of microbial communities in soils burial
mounds and in recent surface soils of steppe zone // Eurasian Soil Science. 2008.
V. 41. 13.
Findlay R.H., King G.M., Watling L. Efficacy of phospholipid analysis in determining
microbial biomass in sedimends // Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1989.
Vol. 55. 11.
:
, ,
, -
(. , ); khomutova-t@rambler.ru
, , -
, -
(. , ); demkina@issp.serpukhov.su
, , ,
- (. -
, ); Kashirskaya81@rambler.ru
, , (. -
, )
THE STATE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN PALEOSOILS

OF THE SOLONETZ ASSEMBLAGE ON THE NORTHERN YERGENI
UPLAND AS INDICATOR OF CLIMATE HUMIDITY
WITHIN THE MIDDLE SARMATUAN TIME-WINDOW (I . AD)
T.E. Khomutova, T.S. Demkina, N.N. Kashirskaya, V.A. Demkin

The total and alive biomass, the abundance and the ecologic trophic structure of microbial
communities in the paleosoils of solonetz assemblage buried beneath kurgan dated back to
the Middle Sarmatian time-window in the dry steppe zone of the Northern Yergeni Upland
(Volgogradskaya oblast) were studied. The total biomass in paleosoils was comparable and
in some cases exceeded that of the recent background analogs. The share of microbial carbon
in the total organic carbon of the paleosoils (4058%) was higher than in recent soils (20
26%). The alive cells in microbial communities of paleosoils comprised 2.410.2% and were
comparable with the parameters of recent soils. The ecologic trophic structure of microbial
88
.., .., .., .. ...
communities and the olygotrophy indices in general were similar to the structure parameters
of recent soils. Influence of solonetz features on the microbiological parameters was observed
within the whole soil profile, however, in each soil horizon it was displayed only by a certain
group of microorganisms of the communities. The microbial data obtained indicate about
more humid climatic conditions in the dry steppes of the Northern Yergeni Upland within the
I c. AD compared to the recent conditions.
Keywords: paleosoils, steppe, kurgans, microbial communities, biomass, abundance of
microorganisms, climate.
REFERENCES
Anan'eva N.D., Vasil'eva G.K. Rol' mikrobiologicheskogo faktora v razlozhenii 3,4-

dikhloranilina v pochvakh [The Role of microbiological factor of 3,4-dichloroaniline
dissociation in the soils]. In: Pochvovedenie [Soil Sciences], 1985, no. 5.
Demkin V.A., Demkina T.S., Alekseev A.O. et al. Paleopochvy i klimat stepey
Nizhnego Povolzh'ya v IIV vv. n.e. [Paleo-soils and the climate of the steppes of the
Lower Volga region in the IIV centuries A.D.]. Pushchino, 2009.
Demkina T.S., Borisov A.V., Demkin V.A. Mikrobnye soobshchestva paleopochv
arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov pustynno stepnoy zony [Microbial communities of
the paleo-soils of archaeological sites of desert-steppe zone]. In: Pochvovedenie [Soil
Sciences], 2000, no 9.
Demkina T.S., Borisov A.V., Demkin V.A. Mikrobiologicheskie issledovaniya
podkurgannykh paleopochv pustynno-stepnoy zony Volgo-Donskogo mezhdurechya
[Microbiologic researches of under burial mound fossil soils of Desert Steppe Zones of
the Volga-Don interfluve]. In: Pochvovedenie [Soil Sciences], 2004, no. 7.
Demkina T.S., Khomutova T.E., Borisov A.V., Demkin V.A. Mikrobiologicheskie
issledovaniya podkurgannykh paleopochv v doline reki Ilovli [Microbiologic researches
of buried mound soils in the Ilovlya river valley]. In: Materialy po arkheologii Volgo-
Donskikh stepey [Proceedings on Archaeology of the Volga-Don steppes]. Volgograd,
2004, issue 2.
Zvyagintsev D.G., Aseeva I.V., Bab'eva I.P., Mirchink T.G. Metody pochvennoy
mikrobiologii i biokhimii [Methods of soil microbiology and biochemistry]. Moscow,
1980.
Kashirskaya N.N., Khomutova T.E., Demkina T.S., Demkin V.A. Mikrobnaya
biomassa podkurgannykh i sovremennykh pochv stepnoy zony Nizhnego Povolzh'ya
[Microbial Biomass of the buried mound soils and the recent surface soils of the steppe
zone of the Lower Volga region]. In: Pochvovedenie [Soil Sciences], 2009, no 5.
Nikitin D.I., Nikitina E.S. Protsessy samoochishcheniya okruzhayushchey sredy i
parazity bakteriy (rod Bdellovibrio) [Processes of self-cleaning of the environment and
parasites of bacteria (Bdellovibrio genus)]. Moscow, 1978, 205 p.
Tepper E.Z. Mikroorganizmy roda Nocardia i razlozhenie gumusa [Microorganisms
of Nocardia genus and humus decomposition]. Moscow, 1976, 199 p.
Khomutova T.E., Demkina T.S., Demkin V.A. Otsenka summarnoy i aktivnoy
mikrobnoy biomassy v pogrebennykh podkurgannykh paleopochvakh raznogo vozrasta
[Assessment of total and active microbial biomass in the buried mound soils of different
age]. In: Mikrobiologiya [Microbiology], 2004, vol. 73, no 2.
Khomutova T.E., Kashirskaya N.N., Demkin V.A. Otsenka zhivoy i summarnoy
biomassy mikrobnykh soobshchestv sovremennoy kashtanovoy pochvy i podkurgannykh
paleopochv [Assessment of living and total biomass of microbial communities of
89
3 (5) 2013
the chestnut-coloured recent surface soil and the buried mound paleo-soils]. In:
Pochvovedenie [Soil Sciences], 2011, no 12.
Demkina T.S., Khomutova T.E., Kashirskaya N.N., Demkina E.V., Stretovich I.V.,
El-Registan G.I., Demkin V.A. Age and activation of microbial communities in soils
burial mounds and in recent surface soils of steppe zone. In: Eurasian Soil Science,
2008, vol. 41, no 13.
Findlay R.H., King G.M., Watling L. Efficacy of phospholipid analysis in determining
microbial biomass in sedimends. In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1989,
vol. 55, no 11.

Khomutova Tatyana E., D.Sc. (Biology), leading research scientist, Institute of Physical-
Chemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science of Russian Academy of Sciences
(Pushchino, Russian Federation); khomutova-t@rambler.ru
Demkina Tatyana S., D.Sc. (Biology), leading research scientist, Institute of Physical-
(Pushchino, Russian Federation); demkina@issp.serpukhov.su
Kashirskaya Natalya N., D.Sc. (Biology), senior research scientist, Institute of Physical-
(Pushchino, Russian Federation); Kashirskaya81@rambler.ru
Demkin Vitaliy A. , Dr. Habil. (Biology), professor (Pushchino, Russian Federation).
90
.. ...
599:902

( CLXXIX)*
2013 . ..
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91
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3 (5) 2013
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( )
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(20- XIV . XV .). -

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3 (5) 2013
5

CLXXIX

IV-. 1 20,8 2,1 74,1 0,1 1,1 1,8
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1.
CLXXIX .
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.. : , -
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97
3 (5) 2013
.. // . . III. -
: , - -
, . ., 2004.
.. // .
. ., 1988. . 254271.
.. -
// . , 2007.
. 195204.
Grant A. The use of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic animals // Excava-
tions at Portchester Castle. Cunliffe B. (ed.) Society of Antiquaries. Vol. 2. London,
1975, pp. 245279.
Levine M.A. The use of crown height measurements and eruption-wear sequences to
age horse teeth // Ageing and sexing animal bones from rchaeological sites. Wilson B.,
Grigson C., Payne S. (ed.) British Archaeological reports. British series. Oxford, 1982,
pp. 223250.
1

CLXXIX
-

% - -
-

- -

IV-.
4993 75,11 348 895 124 40,3 4
1
IV-.
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2
IV-.
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3
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1 101 73,27 12 15 2,5 40,4 4
2 70 90 4 3 1,7 41,2 4
3 732 83,61 76 44 30,4 24,1 4
4 168 77,98 24 13 4 42 4
5 510 69,22 41 116 17 30 3
6 243 79,42 9 41 3 81 4
7 141 89,36 7 8 3,5 40,3 4
8 4 100 0,2 20 3
11 14 14,29 3 9 0,5 28 4
12 415 74,94 66 38 13 31,9 4
13 30 100 0,7 42,9 4
15 9 55,56 1 3 0,3 30 4
17 13 100 0,4 32,5 3
18 53 100 1,7 31,2 4
98
.. ...
19 14 64,29 1 4 0,3 46,7 3

20 62 93,55 4 1,4 44,3 3
21 477 82,55 43 39 37 12,7 4
22 38 81,58 7 1 38 3
23 67 85,07 10 1,4 47,9 3--4
24 26 69,23 8 0,6 43,3 3
25 9 100 0,4 22,5 4
31 11 100 0,3 36,7 3
33 72 91,67 6 2 36 3
35 168 91,07 11 4 11 15,3 4
36 152 87,5 17 2 2,6 58,5 3
37 21 52,38 10 0,5 42 3
39 84 76,19 16 4 2,2 38,2 3--4
40 97 73,2 22 4 2,2 44,1 3--4
41 20 65 7 0,6 33,3 3--4
42 76 75 8 11 1,6 47,5 3
43 239 84,1 29 9 10 23,9 3--4
46 12 33,33 1 7 0,3 40 3
58 7 57,14 3 0,2 35 3
59 59 86,44 8 1,4 42,1 3
60 29 72,41 8 0,6 48,3 3
62 48 85,42 7 2,5 19,2 3
64 31 72,73 4 4 1,3 16,9 3--4
73 144 80,56 25 3 4,5 32 3--4
75 23 95,65 1 1,1 20,9 3--4
4 9 100 0,2 45 4
24972 75,72 2620 3444 710,5 35,1 3--4
2

CLXXIX
-

IV-.
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1
IV-.
415 46 2016 2 1 24
2
IV-.
897 150 3631 1 0 28 5
3
IV- 872 179 1697 1 18 6
V-VI 400 78 509 3 8

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2 13 4 44 1
3 105 93 214 4
4 39 7 79
5 82 24 234
6 16 3 127 1
7 20 5 90 1 1
7 1 2
11 1
99
3 (5) 2013
12 120 31 85 4
13 13 17
15 1 2 2
17 5 4 3
18 15 1 37
19 2 3
20 16 3 37
21 116 32 196 7 23
21 4 3
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23 36 7 10 1
24 7 1 9
25 2 2 4 1
31 3 2 4
33 11 3 50 1 1
35 58 15 69 2 5
36 22 3 82 1
37 6 1 2
39 21 8 24 1
40 21 8 30
41 5 4 2
42 11 2 31
43 76 28 94 1
46 1
58 3 1
59 30 5 13
60 12 7
60 6 1
62 20 7 9
64 8 2 6
73 81 11 12 1 4
75 15 3
. 4 2 7
4448 852 12199 92 5 123 50
% 25,0 4,8 68,7 0,5 0,03 0,7 0,3
3

CLXXIX

IV-.
1 1 7 9 3750 0,24
1
IV-.
1 1 5 7 2623 0,27
2
IV-.
11 1 5 17 4912 0,35
3
100
.. ...
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V-VI 1 2 1 4 1076 0,37

6 1 1 2 193 1,04
12 1 1 311 0,32
21 6 6 388 1,55
23 1 1 57 1,75
37 1 1 21 4,76
75 1 1 22 4,55
29 3 1 1 26 5 1 66
% 43,94 4,55 1,52 1,52 39,4 7,58 1,52 100,0
:
, , , -
, (. , ); lilechkayavorska
@list.ru
A SPECIFICITY OF FILLING-UP THE CULTURAL LAYERS AND

DYNAMICS OF MEAT CONSUMPTION IN THE TOWN BULGAR
(ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL OF EXCAVATION TRENCH CLXXIX)
L.V. Yavorskaya
The consistent selections of animal bones according to five chronological periods were
obtained at excavation trench CLXXIX of the town of Bulgar are examined in the article. As
a result a change of meat consumption in this part of the town from Pre-Mongol Period till
the Late Horde period has been managed to discover. A beef was the most widely consumed
meat during all the periods of the town history. The role of other meat-producing animals
underwent some changes. Meat of cattle (beef) played a leading role in meat consumption in
Bulgar during Pre-Mongol period. Meat of goats and sheep as well as horse supplemented the
ration of settled people. Fish appears to be an important addition to a high-protein diet within
the early period of towns history. During the Early Horde period the consumption of mutton
increased, while the consumption of beef and horse decreased. By the Late Horde period a
share of mutton in the consumption of meat had increased till 42 per cent from 15 per cent in
Pre-Mongol Period till 42 per cent in this part of Bulgar.
A rapid growth of mutton consumption in Bulgar during the period of the Golden Horde
has been apparently mean the change of economic strategies of the Volga Bulgaria population
and increase the role of steppe, nomadic population in the economic life of the region.
Keywords: the town Bulgar, archaeozoological materials, domestic and wild animals,
meat consumption dynamics.
REFERENCES
Antipina E.E. Arheozoologicheskie issledovanija: zadachi, potencial'nye vozmozh-

nosti i real'nye rezul'taty [Archaeozoological investigations: tasks, potential possibilities
and real results]. In: Noveyshie arkheozologicheskie issledovaniya v Rossii [Recent
Archeozoological Investigations in Russia]. Moscow, 2004a.
Antipina E.E Arkheozoologicheskie materially [Archaeozoological materials]. In:
Kargaly. T. III. Selishche Gornyy: arkheologicheskie materialy, tekhnologiya gorno-
101
3 (5) 2013
metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva, arkheobiologicheskie issledovaniya [The Kargaly.

Vol. III. The Settlement Gorny: Archaeological materials, Technology of mining-
metallurgical production, Archaeobiological researches]. Moscow, 2004b
Yavorskaya L.V. Spetsifika myasnogo potrebleniya zolotoordynskikh gorodov
stolichnoy zony [A specificity of meat consumption in the capital towns of Golden
Horde]. In: Problemy arkheologii Nizhnego Povolzh'ya [Problems of Archaeology the
Lower Volga region]. Volgograd, 2007.
Grant A. The use of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic animals. Excavations
at Portchester Castle. In: Cunliffe B. (ed.) Society of Antiquaries. London, 1975, vol. 2,
pp. 245279.
Levine M.A.1982 The use of crown height measurements and eruption-wear
sequences to age horse teeth. Ageing and sexing animal bones from archaeological sites.
In: Wilson B., Grigson C., Payne S. (ed.) British Archaeological reports. British series.
Oxford, 1982, pp. 223250.

Yavorskaya Liliya V., Ph.D. (History), docent, research scientist, Institute of Archaeology
of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian Federation); lilechkayavorska@list.ru
102
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//
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. 51. 1956. 184 .
.. // . . XVI. 1952. . 163
205.
Teichert M. Osteometrische Untersuchungen zur Berechnung der Wiederristhohe bei
Schaffen // Archaeozoological Studies. Amsterdam, 1975.
:
, , -
, , . . (. , -
); gul_shat@mail.ru
INVESTIGATION OSTEOLOGIC MATERIALS

OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD KREMLIN
G.Sh. Asylgaraeva
The article deals with specific composition of animal remnants from excavations of
Nizhny Novgorod kremlin, held in 20072008 under the leadership of I.O. Eremin. Interesting
archaeozoologic material has been obtained amounts to more then 100 thousand fragments.
Analysis of these data and comparison with analogical data from excavation of other ancient
114
.. ...
Russian towns allow restore a structure of meat consumption of Nizny Novgorod population.
A beef was obviously main meat foodstuff. A pork and mutton played an important role
also.
Keywords: Nizhny Novgorod, the Kremlin, archaezoology, a specific composition of
animals, meat consumption.
REFERENCES
Antipina E.E. Arheozoologicheskie issledovaniya: zadachi, potencialnye voz-

mozhnosti i realnye rezultaty [Archaeozoological investigations: tasks, potential
possibilities and real results]. In: Noveyshie arkheozologicheskie issledovaniya v Rossii
[Recent Archeozoological Investigations in Russia]. Moscow, 2004.
Asylgaraeva G.Sh. Morfologicheskie issledovaniya srednevekovykh arkheo-
zoologicheskikh materialov iz arkheologicheskikh raskopok Kazanskogo kremlya
[Morphological researches of medieval archaeozoological materials from archaeological
excavations of Kazan kremlin]. In: Arkheologiya i estestvennye nauki Tatarstana
[Archaeology and Natural Sciences of Tatarstan]. Kazan, 2003, book 1.
Yavorskaya L.V. Kostnye ostanki zhivotnykh iz raskopa CLXII goroda Bolgara:
nekotorye novye metody obrabotki i otsenki arkheozoologicheskikh materialov [Animal
bone remains from excavation trench CLXII at Bolgar town: some new methods
of archaeological-zoological materials processing and appraisal]. In: Povolzhskaya
arkheologiya [Volga river region Archaeology], 2012, no 1.
Begovatov E.A., Petrenko A.G. Zadacha opredeleniya pola i vysoty v kholke krupnogo
rogatogo skota v arkheologii [The task of sex and shoulder height of cattle determination
in archaeology] / Uchebnoe posobie k kursu Estestvennonauchnye metody v arkheologii
dlya studentov istoricheskogo fakul'teta [Course book Natural science methods in
archaeology for history faculty students]. Kazan: Kazan State University Publishing
House, 1994.
Tsalkin V.I. Materialy dlya istorii skotovodstva i okhoty v drevney Rusi [Materials for
history of cattle breeding and hunting in ancient Russia]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya
po arkheologii SSSR [The USSR Archaeology Proceedings and Researches]. Moscow,
1956, no 51.
Vitt V.O. Loshadi Pazyrykskikh kurganov [Horses of the Pazyryk burial mounds]. In:
Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology]. Moscow, 1952, vol. XVI.
Teichert M. Osteometrische Untersuchungen zur Berechnung der Wiederristhohe bei
Schaffen. In: Archaeozoological Studies. Amsterdam, 1975, pp. 5169.

Asylgaraeva Gulshat Sh., D.Sc. (Veterinary), senior research scientist, Sh.Marjani Insti-
tute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); gul_shat@
mail.ru
115
3 (5) 2013
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., ., ., ., . -
-
// Congressus XI Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum. Dissertationes sectionum:
Literatura, archeologica et historica. Pars VIII. Piliscaba, 2011.
138
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..
// . 2012. . 21. -
743.
.. -
. : , 2000.
.., .. // . . -
. -
, 1956.
.. //
. . 6. : , 1972.
Bartsiewicz L. Show me your hawk, I`ll tell you who you are // A Bouquet of
Archaeozoological Studies. Essays in Honour of Wietske Prummel. Groningen
Archaeological Studies. 2012. Vol. 21.
Bogatkina O.G, Kalyakin V.N. The avifauna from a medieval site in the Kama river
basin // Feathers, grit and symbolism. Birds and humans in the ancient Old and New
Worlds. Documenta Archaeobiologiae 3. Rahden / Westf.: Verlag Marie Leidorf,
2005.
Clavel B. Lanimal dans lalimentation mdivale et moderne en France du Nord
(XIIIe XVIIe sicles) // Revue archologique de Picardie. 2001. Numro spcial
19.
Clavel B. Marinval-Vigne M.C, Lepetz S. et Yvinec J.-H. Evolution de la taille et de
la morphologie du coq au cours de priodes historiques en France du Nord // Le Coq
Ethnozootechnie. 1997. Issue 58.
Driesch Avd. A Guide to the Measurement of Animal Bones from Archaeological
Sites. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1976.
139
3 (5) 2013
Fick O. Vergleichend morphologische Untersuchungen an Einzelknochen euro-

pischer Taubenarten. Munich: Dissertation, 1974.
Gal E. Csippan P., Daroczi-Szabo L., Daroczi-Szabo M. Evidence of the crested form
of domestic hen (Gallus gallus f. domestica) from three post-medieval sites in Hungary
// Journal of Archaeological Science. 2010. Vol. 37, Issue 5.
Gal E. Possible evidence for hawking from a 16th century Styrian Castle (Bajcsa,
Hungary) // A Bouquet of Archaeozoological Studies. Essays in Honour of Wietske
Prummel. Groningen Archaeological Studies. 2012. Vol. 21.
Hamilton-Dyer S. The bird resources of medieval Novgorod, Russia // Acta Zoologica
Cracoviensia. 2002. 45 (special issue).
Makowiecki D., Gotfredsen A.B. Bird remains of medival and post-medieval coastal
sites at the Southern Baltic sea, Poland // Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 2002. 45
(special issue).
Mlkovsk J. Ptci z ran stedovkho hradu Star Boleslav (stedn echy). Star
Boleslav. Pemyslovsk hrad v ranm stedovku. Mediaevalia Archaeologica. Praha:
Archeologick stav AV R, 2003. 5.
Prummel W. Evidence of hawking (Falconry) from bird and mammal bones //
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 1997. Vol. 7, Issue 4.
Serjeantson D. Birds. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. New York: Cambridge
University Press , 2009.
Tomek T., Bochenski Z. The comparative osteology of European Corvids (Aves:
Corvidae), with a key to the identification of their skeletal elements. Krakow:
Wydawnictwa Instytutu Systematyki I Ewoluciji Zwierzat PAN, 2000.
Van Neer W., Noyen K., De Cupere B., Beuls I. On the use of endosteal layers
and medullary bone from domestic fowl in archaeozoological studies // Journal of
Archaeological Science. 2002. Vol. 29, Issue 2.
Yalden D.W., Albarella U. The History of British Birds. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2009.
:
, , , -
, (. , -
); archaeozoologist@yandex.ru
, , ,
(. , );
archaeozoologist@yandex.ru
, ,
, -
(. , ); archaeozoologist@
yandex.ru
140
.., .., .. ...
BIRDS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

DURING THE VXVIII ENTURIES AD
(ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS)
I.V. Askeyev, D.N. Galimova, O.V. Askeyev

This article summarizes the research in the remains of birds from 23 archaeological sites
of the VXVIII cc. AD from the territory of the Middle Volga. It is shown that remains of
the birds from the medieval and post-medieval archaeological sites of the Middle Volga have
been diverse and high species richness. According to the quantitative ratio of the bones of
wild and domestic birds from the Early to Late medieval and post-medieval Ages a tendency
increasing the number of bone remains of poultry have been traced. Domestic and wild birds
played an important role in the economy of the medieval and post-medieval population of the
Middle Volga. The use of the birds by various ethnic groups of the medieval population of the
Middle Volga was multi-faceted: for food, for feathers and down, for ritual and ceremonial
purposes.
Keywords: the remains of birds, archaeological sites, the Early and Late Middle Ages,
the Middle Volga.
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prirody pri KGU, 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya M.G. Khudyakova [Proceedings of
Regional study readings devoted to the 135th anniversary of Naturalists Society under
Kazan State University and to the 100th anniversary of his 100 year M.G. Khudyakovs
birthday]. Kazan, 2004.
As'keev I.V., As'keev O.V. Galimova D.N. Pozvonochnye zhivotnye, prirodnaya
sreda i chelovek v golotsene Volzhsko Kamskogo kraya [Vertebrates, environment
and a human within ecosystem of the Volga-Kama area]. In: Dinamika ekosistem v
golotsene. Materialy Vtoroy Rossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Ecosystems Dynamics in
the Holocene. Proceedings of the Second Russian scientific conference]. Yekaterinburg;
Chelyabinsk, 2010.
As'keev I.V., As'keev O.V., Galimova D.N. Stanovlenie ptitsevodstva i razvitie
domashnikh ptits na territorii Volgo Kam'ya (po arkheozoologicheskim dannym)
[Formation of poultry husbandry and development of poultry at the territory of the Volga-
Kama area (according to archaeozoological data)]. In: Arkheologiya i estestvennye nauki
Tatarstana [Archaeology and Natural Sciences of Tatarstan]. Kazan, 2011, book 4.
Askeyev I.V., Galimova D.N., Askeyev O.V. Domashnie i dikie ptitsy iz
srednevekovykh arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Srednego Povolzhya [Poultry and
wild birds from medieval archaeological monuments of the Middle Volga River Region].
In: Dinamika sovremennykh ekosistem v golotsene. Materialy Tretey Vserossiyskoy
nauchnoy konferentsii (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) [The dynamics of modern
ecosystems in the Holocene. Proceedings of the Third All-Russian Scientific Conference
with International Participation]. Kazan, 2013.
Burchak-Abramovich N.I., Tsalkin V.I. Ptitsy iz arkheologicheskikh raskopok v
Moskovskom kremle [Birds from the archaeological excavations at Moscow Kremlin].
In: Byulleten' MOIP. Otd. biol [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biology
Department]. Moscow, 1969, vol. 74, issue 6.
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Burchak-Abramovich N.I., Tsalkin V.I. K poznaniyu ornitofauny yuga Ukrainy,

Kryma i Podonya (po arkheologicheskim materialam) [To the knowledge of avifauna of
the south of Ukraine, the Crimea and the Don river region (according to archaeological
materials)]. In: Byulleten MOIP. Otd. biol [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists.
Biology Department]. Moscow, 1971, vol. 76, issue 5.
Burchak-Abramovich N.I., Tsalkin V.I. Materialy k izucheniyu ptits evropeyskoy
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Panteleev A.V., Kosintsev P.A. Orlan-belokhvost (HALIAEETUS ALBICILLA)

iz arkheologicheskogo pamyatnika Ust'-Poluy [A white-tailed eagle (HALIAEETUS
ALBICILLA) from the Ust-Poluy archaeological site]. In: Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii
i etnografii [Bulletin of Archeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2010, 2 (13).
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Srednego Urala [Birds from two archaeological site of the Cis-Urals and the Middle
Urals]. In: Russkiy ornitologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Ornithological Journal]. Moscow,
2012, vol. 21, express issue 743.
Petrenko A.G. Sledy ritual'nykh zhivotnykh v mogil'nikakh drevnego i srednevekovogo
naseleniya Srednego Povolzh'ya i Predural'ya [Traces of ritual animals at the burial
grounds of ancient and medieval population of the Middle Volga region and the Cis-
Urals]. Kazan, 2000.
Popov V.A., Kulaeva T.M. Fauna Imen'kovskogo gorodishcha [Fauna of the Imenkovo
hill-fort]. In: Tezisy dokladov konferentsii po arkheologii drevney i srednevekovoy istorii
narodov Povolzh'ya [Abstracts of Conference Papers on Archaeology, Ancient and
Medieval History of the Volga Peoples]. Kazan, 1956.
Umanskaya A.S. Domashnie ptitsy iz arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Ukrainy
[Poultry from archaeological sites of Ukraine]. In: Prirodnaya obstanovka i fauny
proshlogo [Environment and Fauna of the Past]. Kiev, 1972, issue 6.
Bartsiewicz L. Show me your hawk, I`ll tell you who you are. In: A Bouquet of
Archaeozoological Studies. Essays in Honour of Wietske Prummel. Groningen
Archaeological Studies, 2012, vol. 21.
Bogatkina O.G, Kalyakin V.N. The avifauna from a medieval site in the Kama river
basin. In: Feathers, grit and symbolism. Birds and humans in the ancient Old and New
Worlds. Documenta Archaeobiologiae 3. Rahden / Westf.: Verlag Marie Leidorf, 2005.
Clavel B. Lanimal dans lalimentation mdivale et moderne en France du Nord
(XIIIe XVIIe sicles). In: Revue archologique de Picardie, 2001, numro spcial 19.
Clavel B. Marinval-Vigne M.C, Lepetz S. et Yvinec J.-H. Evolution de la taille et de
la morphologie du coq au cours de priodes historiques en France du Nord. In: Le Coq
Ethnozootechnie, 1997, issue 58.
Driesch Avd. A Guide to the Measurement of Animal Bones from Archaeological
Sites. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1976.
Fick O. Vergleichend morphologische Untersuchungen an Einzelknochen europischer
Taubenarten. Munich: Dissertation, 1974.
Gal E. Csippan P., Daroczi-Szabo L., Daroczi-Szabo M. Evidence of the crested form
of domestic hen (Gallus gallus f. domestica) from three post-medieval sites in Hungary.
In: Journal of Archaeological Science, 2010, vol. 37, issue 5.
Gal E. Possible evidence for hawking from a 16th century Styrian Castle (Bajcsa,
Hungary). In: A Bouquet of Archaeozoological Studies. Essays in Honour of Wietske
Prummel. Groningen Archaeological Studies, 2012, vol. 21.
Hamilton-Dyer S. The bird resources of medieval Novgorod, Russia. In: Acta
Zoologica Cracoviensia, 2002, 45 (special issue).
Makowiecki D., Gotfredsen A.B. Bird remains of medival and post-medieval coastal
sites at the Southern Baltic sea, Poland. In: Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 2002, 45
(special issue).
Mlkovsk J. Ptci z ran stedovkho hradu Star Boleslav (stedn echy). Star
Boleslav. Pemyslovsk hrad v ranm stedovku. In: Mediaevalia Archaeologica. Praha:
Archeologick stav AV R, 2003, 5.
143
3 (5) 2013
Prummel W. Evidence of hawking (Falconry) from bird and mammal bones. In:
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 1997, vol. 7, issue 4.
Serjeantson D. Birds. In: Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2009.
Tomek T., Bochenski Z. The comparative osteology of European Corvids (Aves:
Corvidae), with a key to the identification of their skeletal elements. Krakow:
Wydawnictwa Instytutu Systematyki I Ewoluciji Zwierzat PAN, 2000.
Van Neer W., Noyen K., De Cupere B., Beuls I. On the use of endosteal layers
and medullary bone from domestic fowl in archaeozoological studies. In: Journal of
Archaeological Science, 2002, vol. 29, issue 2.
Yalden D.W., Albarella U. The History of British Birds. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2009.

Askeyev Igor V., D.Sc. (Biology), senior research scientist, docent, senior research
scientist, Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth of Tatarstan Academy of
Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); archaeozoologist@yandex.ru
Galimova Dilyara N., younger research scientist, Institute of Problems in Ecology
and Mineral Wealth of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation);
Askeyev Oleg V., D.Sc. (Biology), head of Laboratory, Institute of Problems in Ecology
and Mineral Wealth of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation);
144
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153
3 (5) 2013
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(. , ); vasbor1@yandex.ru
CRANIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CITIZENS

OF KOSTROMA IN THE XIIIXIV CENTURIES
S.G. Komarov, S.V. Vasilyev

The article presents the craniological study of the population of Kostroma town in the
XIIIXIV cc. Intra-group analysis revealed that skull series of Kostroma citizens have been
characterized by considerable heterogeneity. Here we deal with the different variations of
the Europeoid skull structure. Intergroup analysis involving materials related to the Eastern
Europe population dated to the first half of the II millennium showed that the various Krivichs
groups belong to the most related groups of the Kostroma citizens of the XIIIXIV cc.
Keywords: Kostroma town, craniology, paleoanthropology, the slavs, the krivichs.
REFERENCES
Alekseev S.I. Itogi arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy v g. Kostrome i Kostromskoy

oblasti (19892000 gg.) [Results of archaeological researches at Kostroma city and
Kostroma Oblast (19892000)]. In: Vestnik Kostromskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii
[Bulletin of Kostroma Archaeological Expedition]. Kostroma, 2001, issue 1.
Alekseev V.P., Debets G.F. Kraniometriya. Metodika antropologicheskikh issledo-
vaniy [Anthropometry. Methods of Anthropologic Researches]. Moscow, 1964.
Alekseev V.P. Proiskhozhdenie narodov Vostochnoy Evropy [Ethnogenesis of the
Peoples of Eastern Europe]. Moscow, 1969.
Alekseeva T.I. Etnogenez vostochnykh slavyan [Ethnogenesis of the East Slavs].
Moscow, 1973.
Ginzburg V.V. Elementy antropologii dlya medikov [Elements of anthropology for
the medical men]. Leningrad, 1963.
Gerasimov M.M. Osnovy vosstanovleniya litsa po cherepu [Basic principles of facial
reconstruction from the cranium]. Moscow, 1949.
Gerasimov M.M. Vosstanovlenie litsa po cherepu [Facial reconstruction from the
cranium]. In: Trudy Instituta Etnografii (TIE) (novaya seriya) [Works of Institute of
Ethnography]. Moscow, 1955, vol. 28.
Goncharova N.N. Formirovanie antropologicheskogo raznoobraziya srednevekovykh
gorodov: Yaroslavl', Dmitrov, Kolomna [Formation of anthropologic variety of medieval
towns: Yaroslavl, Dmitrov, Kolomna]. In: Vestnik antropologii [Bulletin of Anthropo-
logy]. Moscow, 2011, issue 19.

Komarov Sergey G., Ph.D. (History), research scientist, Institute of Ethnology and
Anthropology of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian Federation); snirrrr@
mail.ru
Vasilyev Sergey V., Dr. Habil. (History), professor, head of the department of phisical
antropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of Russian Academy of Sciences
(Moscow, Russian Federation); vasbor1@yandex.ru
154
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167
3 (5) 2013
:
, - -
, - -
, -
(. , ); dr.rakhmatullin@yandex.ru
CONSTRUCTION OF THE AURICLE IN THE COURSE

OF PLASTIC RECONSTRUCTING A FACE FROM THE CRANIUM
N.R. Rakhmatullin
The article is devoted to a possibility of the auricle modeling during the anthropological
face reconstruction from the cranium, depending on the shape, direction and intensity of
the relief of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Basing upon the authors data during
restoring a human appearance it is possible to model an auricle by means of reproducing not
only a size but general outlines of basic relief forms.
Keywords: anthropological reconstruction, the auricle modeling, mastoid process of the
temporal bone, ear-lobe.
REFERENCES
Alekseev V.P., Debets G.F. Kraniometriya. Metodika antropologicheskikh issledo-

vaniy [Craniometry. Methods of Anthropologic Researches]. Moscow, 1964.
Bunak V.V. Antropometriya [Anthropometry]. Moscow, 1941.
Gerasimov M.M. Vosstanovlenie litsa po cherepu. (Sovremennyy i iskopaemyy
chelovek) [Facial reconstruction from the cranium. (Modern human and hominid)].
Moscow, 1955.
Lebedinskaya G.V. Rekonstruktsiya litsa po cherepu [Facial reconstruction from
cranium]. Moscow, 1998.
Fedosyutkin B.A., Korovyanskiy O.P., Usacheva L.L. et al. Kombinirovannyy
graficheskiy metod vosstanovleniya litsa po cherepu [A combined graphic method of
facial reconstruction from the cranium]. Moscow, 1991.

Rakhmatullin Nail R., physician, expert of the medical jurisprudence of highest
qualification category, Tatarstan Republic Bureau of Medical Jurisprudence expert
examination (Almetyevsk, Russian Federation); dr.rakhmatullin@yandex.ru
168
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3 (5) 2013

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3 (5) 2013
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// : , . ., 2001. . 193196.
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//

. ., 2008.
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172
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, 1991. 176 .
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// . . XXIV. 1988. . 4447.
- ..
// . . . . 115. . XIV. ., 2001. . 89100.
Eniosova N.V., Mitojan R.D. Arabic coins as Silver Source for Slavonic and Scandi-
navian Jewellers in the Tenth Century // Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium
on Archaeometry. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, Haidelberg, 2011.
:
, - , ,
() (. , -
); ebegovat@gmail.com
, - , -
(. , ); vpleb@mail.ru
, - , . -
- ,
, . . (. , );
RezidaHram@mail.ru
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COINS OMPLEX

OF THE X CENTURY FROM THE I SEMENOVO SETTLEMENT
(TATARSTAN REPUBLIC)
E.A. Begovatov, V.P. Lebedev, R.Kh. Khramchenkova

The paper represents the chemical composition of the complex of silver kufic coins that
were found at the I Semenovo settlement. The authors have analyzed 116 silver kufic coins,
2 copper Oriental coins, and a Western European silver one. The oldest Oriental coin is a
fragment of Sassanid drachma dated to the VI century. The youngest coin is a dirham of the
Nuh ben Mansur of Samanid dynasty, 366 (976/977 AD). The Western European coin
has been defined as a denarius attributed to Svend Estridsen (Denmark). The chemical com-
position of silver coins of the X century has been studied. Elementary composition of these
12 coins has been determined by the spectrum emission analysis. The data examined demon-
strate that content of a silver in the Samanid coins during a period of 324366 AH (935977
AD) varied within the limits of 8594%, but in some cases this one reduced to 60%. The
content of silver in one coin has been reduced practically to zero. Silver has been appeared to
contain only within a surface layer of the coin.
Keywords: numismatics, the Volga Bolgaria, the X century, chemical composition, the
kufic coins.
REFERENCES
Begovatov E.A. Volzhskaya Bulgariya (Izmerskiy rayon) kontsa X nachala XI vv.
[Volga Bulgaria (Izmer District) of the end of the 10th the beginning of the 11th centuries].
In: Klady: khronologiya, interpretatsiya [Treasures, chronology, interpretation]. Saint
Petersburg, 2001.
173
3 (5) 2013
Begovatov E.A., Lebedev V.P. Monetnyy kompleks X veka I Semenovskogo seli-

shcha (Respublika Tatarstan) [A monetary complex of the 10th century of the Semyonov
I ancient settlement (Republic of Tatarstan)]. In: Akademicheskaya nauka problemy i
dostizheniya [Academic science problems and achievements]. Moscow, 2013, pp. 40
45.
Davidovich E.A. Denezhnoe obrashchenie v Maverannakhre pri Samanidakh [Money
circulation at Mawarannahr during period of the Samanids]. In: Numizmatika Ermitazha
[Numismatics of Hermitage]. Moscow, 1966, vol. VI.
Eniosova N.V., Mitoyan R.A., Saracheva T.G. Khimicheskiy sostav yuvelirnogo
syr'ya epokhi srednevekov'ya i puti ego postupleniya na territorii Drevney Rusi [Chemical
composition of jewelry raw material during the Medieval Age and the ways of its arrival
into the territory of Ancient Russia]. In: Tsvetnye i dragotsennye metally i ikh splavy na
territorii Vostochnoy Evropy v epokhu srednevekov'ya [Non-ferrous and precious metals,
and its alloys on the territory of Eastern Europe during the Medieval Age]. Moscow,
2008.
Eniosova N.V., Mitoyan R.A. Arabskoe serebro kak istochnik dlya slavyanskikh i
skandinavskikh yuvelirov (po materialam Gnezdovskikh kladov X v.) [Arabic silver as a
source for the Slavic and Scandinavian jewelers (according to materials of the Gnyozdovo
treasures of the 10th century)]. In: Ot paleolita do Srednevekov'ya. Sbornik materialov
pamyati G.A. Fedorova-Davydova [From the Palaeolithic Age till the Middle Ages. The
Collection of Proceedings Devoted to the Memory of G.A. Fyodorov-Davydov]. Moscow,
2011.
Kazakov E.P. Bolgarskoe selo XXIII vekov nizoviy Kamy [Bulgarian village during
the III centuries in the lower reach of the Kama river]. Kazan, 1991.
Kazakov E.P. Klady Semenovskogo ostrova [Treasures of the Semyonovsky Island].
In: Klady: khronologiya, interpretatsiya [Treasures: Chronology, Interpretation]. Saint
Petersburg, 2001.
Fedorov-Davydov G.A. Novye nakhodki vostochnykh monet VIIIXIII vv. na terri-
torii Vostochnoy Evropy [New discoveries of oriental coins of the VIIIXIII centuries on
the territory of Eastern Europe]. In: Epigrafika Vostoka [Oriental Epigraphy]. Moscow,
1985, vol. XXIII.
Fedorov-Davydov G.A. Nakhodki vostochnykh monet VIIIXIII vv. v Vostochnoy
Evrope [New finds of oriental coins of the VIIIXIII centuries in Eastern Europe]. In:
Epigrafika Vostoka [Oriental Epigraphy]. Moscow, 1988, vol. XXIV.
Fedorov-Davydov G.A. Novye nakhodki domongol'skogo vremeni v Vostochnoy
Evrope [New finds of Pre-Mongolian time in Eastern Europe]. In: Trudy Gosudarstven-
nogo istoricheskogo muzeya [Proceedings of State Historical Museum]. New Series.
Moscow, 2001, issue 115, part XIV.
Eniosova N.V., Mitojan R.D. Arabic coins as Silver Source for Slavonic and
Scandinavian Jewellers in the Tenth Century. In: Proceedings of the 37th International
Symposium on Archaeometry. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, Haidelberg, 2011.
Begovatov Evgeniy A., D.Sc. (Phisics-Mathematics), docent, Kazan (Volga region) Fe-
deral University (Kazan, Russian Federation); ebegovat@gmail.com
Lebedev Valentin P., D.Sc. (Phisics-Mathematics), coin collector-rientalist (Dzerzhinsk,
Russian Federation); vpleb@mail.ru
Khramchenkova Rezida Kh., D.Sc. (Phisics-Mathematics), head of the Department
of natural-scientific and restoration studies, Museum of archaeology of the Republic of
Tatarstan, Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian
Federation); RezidaHram@mail.ru
174
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. 15. ,
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189
3 (5) 2013
:
, ,
- -
( )
(. , ); dkutukov.73@mail.ru
, , ,
. . (. , ); pantastra@yandex.ru
INVESTIGATION OF THE BULGARIAN BURIALS OF PRE-MONGOLIAN

TIMES IN THE TERRITORY OF ASTRAKHAN REGION
D.V. Kutukov, S.A. Panteleev

Funeral ceremonialism of the bulgarian burials found in the territory of Astrakhan Region
during archaeological researches at the soil burial grounds Posolskiy, Shchuchiy,
Kovylniy is considered in the article.
Keywords: archaeological excavations, Astrakhan Region, bulgarian burials, funeral
implements.
REFERENCES
Gening V.F., Khalikov A.Kh. Rannie bolgary na Volge [The Early Bulgars on the
Volga]. Moscow, 1964.
Kutukov D.V. Otchet ob arkheologicheskikh razvedkakh gruntovykh mogil'nikov
Sasykol'-Tobe, Shchuchiy i Posol'skiy v Privolzhskom rayone Astrakhanskoy
oblasti v 2001 godu [Report on archaeological excavations of the Sasykol-Tobe,
Shchuchiy and Posolskiy ground burials in the Volga District of Astrakhan Oblast in
2001] / Arkhiv AGOIAMZ [Archive of Astrakhan State United Historical Architectural
Museum Reserve]. Astrakhan, 2002.
Panteleev S.A. Ob arkheologicheskikh issledovaniyakh na gruntovom mogil'nike
gorodishcha Moshaik [Concerning archaeological researches in the ground burial of
Moshaik hill-fort]. In: Nauchnyy Tatarstan [Scientific Tatarstan], 2010, no 4.
Pletneva S.A. Ot kocheviy k gorodam [From nomadic migrations towards the towns].
In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR [The USSR Archaeology: Proceedings
and Researches]. Moscow, 1967, no 142.
Flerov V.S. Pogrebal'nye obryady na severe Khazarskogo Kaganata [Burial rites in
the North of Khazar Kaganate]. Volgograd, 1993.
Koten'kov S.A. Novye pamyatniki drevnikh bolgar v Astrakhanskom krae [New
sites of the ancient Bulgars in Astrakhan area]. In: Dialog kul'tur Evrazii [Dialog of the
cultures of Eurasia]. Kazan, 2001, pp. 5357.
Stepi Evrazii v epokhu srednevekov'ya [Steppes of Eurasia during the Medieval Age]
/ Arkheologiya SSSR [Archaeology of the USSR]. Moscow, 1981.

Kutukov Dmitriy V., divisional manager of archaeological researches, State Scientific
and Production Association Autonomous Institution Naslediye (Astrakhan, Russian
Federation); dkutukov.73@mail.ru
Panteleev Sergey A., research scientist, Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan
Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); pantastra@yandex.ru
190
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:
, ,
, , . . (. ,
); airg_g@mail.ru
RESEARCHES IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE BULGAR ANCIENT

HILL-FORT SETTLEMENT (HOUSE OF THE HANDICRAFTSMAN)
A.M. Gubaydullin
Results of the security and saving archaeological researches on the territory of the
Bulgar ancient hill-fort settlement carried out in 2010 at a site of so-called Memorable
sign(excavation trench CXLVIII) are presented in the article. During excavations a
significant amount of the archaeological material connected with history of the city of the
Golden Horde times have been revealed. Some constructions occurred of different ages have
been probably regarded as the remains of the estate of the XIV century were opened. Also the
remains of a small production horn and the furnace were revealed. Numerous fragments of
ceramics, bone of animals, dozens individual finds have been found.
Keywords: Middle Ages, the Bulgar ancient hill-fort settlement, security and saving
archaeological researches, estate of the handicraftsman.
REFERENCES
Gorod Bolgar: Monumentalnoe stroitelstvo, arkhitektura, blagoustroystvo [The

Town Bolgar: Monumental Construction, Architecture, Urban Land Improvement].
Moscow: Nauka, 2001, 365 p.
Khlebnikova T.A. Istoriya arkheologicheskogo izucheniya Bolgarskogo gorodishcha.
Stratigrafiya. Topografiya [The history of archaeological study of the Bolgar hill-fort
settlement. Stratigraphy. Topography]. In: Gorod Bolgar: Ocherki istorii i kultury [The
Town Bulgar: Essays in History and Culture]. Moscow: Nauka, 1987, pp. 3288.

Gubaydullin Ayrat M., Ph.D. (History), senior research scientist, Sh.Marjani Institute of
History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); airg_g@mail.ru
199
3 (5) 2013
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:
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stawiczky.v@yandex.ru
REVIEW OF THE BOOK: MORGUNOVA N.L. ENEOLIT VOLGO-URALSKOGO

MEZHDURECHYA [THE ENEOLITHIC OF THE VOLGA-URALS
INTERSTREAM AREA] (ORENBURG, 2011. 220 P.)
V.V. Stavitsky
The author of review expresses a high opinion of the book of N.L. Morgunova prominent
researcher in the Eneolithic of the Volga-Urals area. This large-scale study systematizing and
interpreting the data on the Eneolithic has been fulfilled in correlation with new radiocarbon
chronology. However some disputable conclusions have been noted by V.V. Stavitsky in the
book reviewed.
REFERENCES
Barynkin P.P., Kozin E.V. Stoyanka Lebyazhinka 1 i nekotorye problemy sootnosheniya

neo-eneoliticheskikh kul'tur v stepnom i yuzhnom lesostepnom Zavolzh'e [The site of
Lebyazhinka I and some problems of correlation of neo-eneolithic cultures in the steppe
and south forest-steppe at Trans-Volga area]. In: Drevnie kul'tury lesostepnogo Povolzh'ya
[Ancient cultures of the forest-steppe Volga region]. Samara, 1995, pp. 136163.
Barynkin P.P. Severnyy Prikaspiy v period eneolita i ranney bronzy [Northern Caspian
Sea region during the Eneolithic and the Early Bronze Ages]. In: Voprosy arkheologii
Povolzh'ya [Issues of the Volga region Archaeology]. Samara, 2003, pp. 4760.
Vybornov A.A. Neolit Volgo-Kam'ya [The Neolithic Age of the Volga-Kama region].
Samara, 2008, 490 p.
Vybornov A.A., Kovalyukh N.N., Skripkin V.V. O korrektirovke absolyutnoy
khronologii neolita i eneolita Severnogo Prikaspiya [Concerning to correction of absolute
chronology of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Ages of the Northern Caspian Sea region]. In
Trudy II (XVIII) VAS v Suzdale [Proceedings of the II (XVIII) All-Russian Archaeological
Congress at Suzdal]. oscow, 2008, pp. 191193.
Gorashchuk I.V. Tekhnologiya izgotovleniya kamennykh orudiy khvalynskoy kul'tury
[Production technology of stone tools of the Khvalynsk culture]. In: Voprosy arkheologii
Povolzh'ya [Issues of the Volga region Archaeology]. Samara, 2003, pp. 118133.
Morgunova N.L. Neolit i eneolit yuga lesostepi Volgo-Ural'skogo mezhdurech'ya
[The Neolithic and Eneolithic Ages in the South of forest-steppe at the Volga and Ural
Interfluve area]. Orenburg, 1995, 222 p.
Ovchinnikova N.V. Lebyazhinka 3 poselenie epokhi eneolita v lesostepnom
Zavolzh'e [The Lebyazhinka III the Eneolithic Settlement in the forest-steppe of the
Trans-Volga region]. In: Drevnie kul'tury lesostepnogo Povolzh'ya [Ancient Cultures of
the Forest-steppe Volga Region]. Samara, 1995, pp. 164190.
207
3 (5) 2013
Stavitsky V.V. Neolit, eneolit i ranniy bronzovyy vek Sursko-Okskogo mezhdurechya

i Verkhnego Prikhoprovya: dinamika vzaimodeystviya kultur severa i yuga v
lesostepnoy zone [The Neolithic, Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age of the Sura and Oka
interfluve area and the Upper Khoper River region: Dynamics of interaction of cultures
of the North and the South in the forest-steppe zone]. Avtoref. dis. dokt. ist. nauk [The
authors abstract of Doctor of History Sciences dissertation]. Izhevsk, 2006.
Stavitskiy V.V., Khrekov A.A. Neolit ranniy eneolit lesostepnogo Posur'ya i
Prikhoper'ya [The Neolithic Early Eneolithic Age at the forest-steppe of the Sura and
Khoper rivers area]. Saratov, 2003, 166 p.
Yudin A.I. Orlovskaya kul'tura i istoki formirovaniya stepnogo neolita Zavolzh'ya
[The Orlovskaya culture and the origins of formation the steppe Neolithic Age at the
Trans-Volga area]. In: Problemy drevney istorii Severnogo Prikaspiya [Problems of
ancient history of the Northern Caspian sea-side]. Samara, 1998, pp. 83105.
Yudin A.I. Varfolomeevskaya stoyanka i neolit stepnogo Povolzh'ya [The
Varfolomeyevskaya site and the Neolithic Age of the steppe Volga region]. Saratov,
2004, 200 p.
Yudin A.I. Kul'turno-istoricheskie protsessy epokhi neolita i eneolita na territorii
Nizhnego Povolzh'ya [Cultural historic processes during the Neolithic and Eneolithic
Ages on the territory of the Low Volga region]. Avtoref. dis. dokt. ist. nauk [The
authors abstract of Doctor of History Sciences dissertation]. Izhevsk, 2006.
Yudin A.I. Khronologiya neolita stepnogo Povolzh'ya v svete novykh dannykh
[Chronology of the Neolithic Age of the steppe Volga region in the lite of new data]. In:
Congress at Suzdal]. oscow, 2008, pp. 282284.

Stavitsky Vladimir V., Dr. Habil. (History), professor, docent, Penza State University
(Penza, Russian Federation); stawiczky.v@yandex.ru
208

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:
, , . ();
. , . . (. , -
); sitdikov_a@mail.ru
, ,
. . (. , ); ncai@mail.ru
TOWARD THE JUBILEE OF SCIENTIST: N.F. KALININ (18881959)
A.G. Sitdikov, V.A. Kharitonovich

Kazan Archaeological School was formed as a result of research activities of many
famous scientists who have studied the archaeological monuments of the Ural-Volga region.
One such important figures who played an important role in the development of archaeology
at Kazan was prof. Nikolay Philippovich Kalinin. His scientific biography is inextricably
linked with long-term targeted archaeological research in Tatarstan.

Sitdikov Ayrat G., Ph.D. (History), head of the chair, Kazan (Volga region) Federal
University; head of National Center of the Archaeological Studies, Sh.Marjani Institute
of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); sitdikov_a@
mail.ru
Kharitonovich Valeriy A., head of Museum of Archaeology of Tatarstan Republic,
Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federa-
tion); ncai@mail.ru
212

06.091:902

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216

.. XXV . ., 1993.
.. - . -
// . 1892. . X. . 5.
.. .. // . 2001.
1-2 (8-9).
.. -
. , 1975.
.. . , 1989.
.. X
XIII . , 1986.
.. 2- 1960 .
/ . 1960. -1. 2431.
.. 1970 . . - / -
. 1970. -1. 4181.
.. - 1971 .
/ . 1971. -1. 4433.
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1970 . , 1971.
.. (-) // 1970 . .,
1971.
.. - 1972 . //
. 1972. -1. 4712.
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// , -
1971 . ., 1972.
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1973 . / . 1973. . 5, . 2, . . 405.
.. // 1972
. ., 1973.
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. . 1972 . , 1973.
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// . 1974. 1.
.. () ( -
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.. . -
. .: , 1984.
.. //
. -, 1994.
.., .. ( -
III 1991, 1993 .) // .
, 1999.
:
, ,
, , . . (. ,
); juketaw@rambler.ru
217
3 (5) 2013
THE RESEARCHER THE MEDIEVAL TOWN DZHUKETAU

(THE 85th ANNIVERSARY OF T.A. KHLEBNIKOVA)
N.G. Nabiullin
The author of essay appreciates an important role of famous specialist in Bulgarian
archaeology Tamara Aleksandrovna Khlebnikova (Ph.D. (History), Kazan) in investigation
of the medieval town Dzhuketau on the Kama river held during 19601970. The research field
works at the Dzhuketau hill-fort settlement were continued by F. Khuzin and N. Nabiullin
for last ten-years.
REFERENCES
Andreeva E.G., Petrenko A.G. Drevneyshie mlekopitayushchie po arkheologicheskim
materialam Srednego Povolzh'ya i Verkhnego Prikam'ya [The most ancient mammals
according to archaeological materials of the Middle Volga and the Upper Kama River
regions]. In: Iz arkheologii Volgo-Kam'ya [From Archaeology of the Middle Volga
Upper Kama region]. Kazan, 1976.
Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Tsentralnogo Zakamya [Archaeological Sites of
Central Trans-Kama Area]. Kazan, 1988.
Vasil'eva I.N. Goncharstvo Volzhskoy Bolgarii v XXIV vv. [Pottery in Volga Bul-
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1960, fund -1, no 4181.
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otkrytiya 1971 goda [Archaeological Discoveries in 1971]. Moscow, 1972b.
Khlebnikova T.A. Raboty poslednikh let na bolgarskikh pamyatnikakh Nizhnego
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of Tatarstan Republic]. 1973a, fund 5, inv. 2, storage unit 405.
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town Juketau in the Lower Kama region]. In: Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya 1972 goda
[Archaeological Discoveries in 1972]. Moscow, 1973b.
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197172]. In: Tezisy dokladov Itogovoy nauchnoy sessii IYaLI im. G. Ibragimova
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Prikam'ya [Some results of researches of the Bulgar sitrs of the Lower Kama region]. In:
Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology], 1974, 1.
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(according to works in 19701972)]. In: Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology],
1975, 1.
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and the Volga region]. Yoshkar-Ola, 1994.
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excavation trench III in 1991 and 1993)]. In: Arkheologicheskoe izuchenie bulgarskikh
gorodov [Archaeological Study of the Bulgar towns]. Kazan, 1999.

Nabiullin Nail G., Ph.D. (History), senior research scientist, Sh.Marjani Institute of
History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); juketaw@mail.ru
06.091:902
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TOWARD THE JUBILEE OF SCIENTIST: N.P. SALUGINA
L.V. Kuznetsova
Natalya Petrovna Salugina (Ph.D. (History), Samara, Russian Federation) celebrates own
anniversary in 2013. Her name is well known among archaeologists and experts in the study
of prehistoric pottery production. N.P. Salugina is the author of 4 books and more than 30
articles concerning the analysis of pottery complexes of the Bronze, Early Iron, and Early
Medieval Ages in the Volga-Urals area.
LIST OF N.P. SALUGINA MAIN PUBLICATIONS
1. Pamyatniki slavkinskogo tipa v Kuybyshevskoy oblasti [Monuments of Slavkino

type in Kuybyshev Oblast]. In: Drevnie i srednevekovye kul'tury Povolzh'ya [Ancient and
Medieval Cultures in the Volga Region]. Kuybyshev, 1981. (Joint authors: S.A. Agapov,
V.I. Pestrikova).
2. O nekotorykh chertakh goncharnoy tekhnologii plemen imen'kovskoy kul'tury
[Concerning some features of pottery technology of the Imenkovo culture tribes]. In:
Drevnosti Srednego Povolzh'ya [Antiquities of the Middle Volga Region]. Kuybyshev,
1985.
3. Tekhnologiya proizvodstva keramiki zapadnoy gruppy imen'kovskoy kul'tury
[Technology of ceramic ware manufacture by the western group of the Imenkovo
culture]. In: Khozyaystvo i kul'tura doklassovykh i ranneklassovykh obshchestv: Tez.
dokl. III konf. molodykh uchenykh IA AN SSSR [Economy and culture of pre-class and
early-class societies: Abstracts of papers Conference III for young scientists of Institute
of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR] / KSIA [Breaf Communications
by Institute of Archaeology]. Moscow, 1986, no 87.
4. Tekhnologiya izgotovleniya keramiki na gorodishche Lbishche [Technology of
ceramic ware manufacture at the Lbishe settlement]. In: Kul'tury Vostochnoy Evropy
I tysyacheletiya n.e. [Cultures of Eastern Europe during the I Millennium A.D.].
Kuybyshev, 1986.
5. Tekhnologiya goncharstva naseleniya Srednego Povolzhya v epokhu rannego
srednevekovya (po materialam imenkovskoy kultury) [Pottery technology of the
population of the Middle Volga region in the Early Medieval Age (according to the
materials of the Imenkovo culture)]. Avtoref. dis. kand. ist. nauk [The authors abstract
of Ph.D. (History) thesis]. Moscow, 1987.
6. Nekotorye itogi izucheniya keramiki imen'kovskoy kul'tury [Some results of study
the Imenkovo culture ceramic ware]. In: Zadachi sovetskoy arkheologii v svete resheniy
XXVII sezda KPSS: Tez. dokl. [Tasks of Soviet archaeology in the light of decisions of
the XXVII of Communist Party Congress: Abstracts of papers]. Moscow, 1987.
7. Nekotorye voprosy istorii imen'kovskikh plemen v svete dannykh tekhniko-
tekhnologicheskogo analiza keramiki [Some issues of the Imenkovo tribes history in
the light of data on ceramic ware technical and technological analysis]. In: Problemy
izucheniya arkheologicheskoy keramiki [Problems of Study an Archaeological Ceramic
Ware]. Kuybyshev, 1988.
225
3 (5) 2013
8. Istoriya naseleniya gorodishcha Lbishche v svete dannykh tekhniko-

tekhnologicheskogo analiza keramiki [The history of the Lbishe hill-fort population in
the light of data on ceramic ware technical and technological analysis]. In: Tekhnicheskiy
i sotsial'nyy progress v epokhu pervobytno-obshchinnogo stroya: Tez. dokl. [Technical
and social progress during the primitive communal system epoch: Abstracts of papers].
Sverdlovsk, 1989.
9. Rol' eksperimenta v izuchenii drevnego goncharstva [A role of experiment in the
Ancient pottery study]. In: Keramika kak istoricheskiy istochnik: Tez. dokl. [Ceramic
ware as a historical source: Abstracts of papers]. Sverdlovsk, Kuybyshev, 1991. (Joint
author: I.N. Vasil'eva).
10. O sostavlenii programmy eksperimental'nogo izucheniya formovochnykh mass
[Concerning formation the program of experimental study of moulding compositions].
In: Keramika kak istoricheskiy istochnik: Tez. dokl. [Ceramic ware as a historical source:
Abstracts of papers]. Sverdlovsk; Kuybyshev, 1991. (Joint author: I.N. Vasil'eva).
11. Tekhnologicheskiy analiz keramiki iz pamyatnikov rannego i srednego bronzovogo
veka Orenburzh'ya [Technological analysis of ceramic ware from sites of the Early and
Middle Bronze Age of Orenburg region]. In: Arkheologicheskie kul'tury i kul'turno-
istoricheskie obshchnosti Bol'shogo Urala (Tez. dokl. XII UAS) [Archaeological cultures
and cultural and historic communities of the Great Urals (Abstracts of papers of the XII
Urals Archaeological Congress)]. Yekaterinburg, 1993.
12. Drevnee goncharstvo: eksperimental'noe izuchenie [Ancient pottery: experimental
study]. In: Priroda [Nature], 1993, no 2. (Joint authors: I.N. Vasil'eva, Yu.B. Tsetlin).
13. Tekhnologicheskoe issledovanie keramiki Potapovskogo mogil'nika [Techno-
logical investigation of ceramic ware of the Potapovo burial ground]. In: Potapovskiy
kurgannyy mogil'nik indoiranskikh plemen na Volge [The Potapovo mound burial ground
of Indo-Iranian tribes in the Volga region]. Samara, 1994.
14. Rakovina v sostave drevney keramiki [The shell within ancient ceramic
formulation]. In: Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po primeneniyu metodov estestvennykh
nauk v arkheologii: Tez. dokl. [International Conference on Methods of Natural Sciences
Application in Archaeology: Abstracts of papers]. Saint Petersburg, 1994.
15. Tekhnologiya izgotovleniya keramiki imen'kovskoy kul'tury s Mezhdurechenskogo
gorodishcha [The manufacturing technology of the Imenkovo culture ceramic ware at the
Mezhdurechenskoe settlement]. In: Kraevedcheskie zapiski [Regional Studies Notes].
Samara, 1995, issue VII.
16. Ne bogi gorshki obzhigayut [Whatever man has done, man may do]. Samara,
1997. (Joint author: I.N. Vasileva).
17. Velikoe pereselenie [The Great Migration]. In: Sergievskiy rayon. Drevnost' i
srednevekov'e. Arkheologicheskie ocherki [Sergiyev District. Ancient and Medieval
Ages. Archaeological essays]. Samara, 1997.
18. Eksperiment kak klyuch k taynam drevnego goncharstva [Experiment as a key to
ancient pottery mysteries]. In: Etnos i kul'tura: EKA Povolzh'e [Ethnicity and Culture:
E Povolzhye]. Samara, 1997.
19. Problemy i zadachi izucheniya drevnego goncharstva Povolzh'ya [Problems and
tasks of study ancient pottery of the Volga region]. In: Problemy vzaimodeystviya prirody
i cheloveka v Srednem Povolzh'e (Metody, zadachi, perspektivy) [Problems of Interaction
of Nature and a Human in the Middle Volga region (Methods, Tasks and Prospects)].
Samara, 1997. (Joint author: I.N. Vasil'eva).
226

20. Goncharnoe proizvodstvo naseleniya Severnogo Prikaspiya v epokhu ranney

bronzy [Pottery of the population of the Northern Caspian Sea region in the Early
Bronze Age]. In: Voprosy arkheologii Urala i Povolzhya. K 30-letiyu Srednevolzhskoy
arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii [Issues on Archaeology of the Urals and the Volga region.
To the 30th Anniversary of the Middle Volga Archaeological Expedition]. Samara,
1999.
21. Raboty ekspeditsii po eksperimental'nomu izucheniyu drevnego goncharstva
[Works of the Expedition on ancient pottery experimental study]. In: Voprosy arkheologii
Urala i Povolzh'ya. K 30-letiyu Srednevolzhskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii [Issues
on Archaeology of the Urals and the Volga region. To the 30th Anniversary of the Middle
Volga Archaeological Expedition]. Samara, 1999.
22. Keramika Belozerskogo I selishcha [Ceramic ware of the Belozyorskoye I ancient
settlement]. In: Voprosy arkheologii Urala i Povolzhya. K 30-letiyu Srednevolzhskoy
arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii [Issues on Archaeology of the Urals and the Volga Region.
To the 30th Anniversary of the Middle Volga Archaeological Expedition]. Samara, 1999.
(Joint author: Yu.I. Kolev).
23. Tekhnologicheskiy analiz keramiki iz pamyatnikov rannego bronzovogo veka
Yuzhnogo Priural'ya [Technological analysis of ceramic ware from the Early Bronze
Age sites of the Southern Urals]. In: Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Orenburzh'ya
[Archaeological Sites of the Orenburg Region]. Orenburg, 1999, issue III.
24. Eksperimental'nyy metod v oblasti izucheniya drevnego goncharstva [Experimental
method in the field of ancient pottery study]. In: Aktual'nye problemy izucheniya drevnego
goncharstva (kollektivnaya monografiya) [Actual Problems of Ancient Pottery Study (a
multi-author book)]. Samara, 1999. (Joint authors: I.N. Vasil'eva).
25. Rezul'taty tekhnologicheskogo analiza keramiki osedlykh plemen Samarskogo
Povolzh'ya v rannem zheleznom veke i rannem srednevekov'e [The results of technological
analysis of ceramic ware manufactured by settled tribes of the Samara Volga region in the
Early Iron and Early Medieval Ages]. In: Istoriya Samarskogo Povolzh'ya s drevneyshikh
vremen do nashikh dney. Ranniy zheleznyy vek i srednevekov'e [History of the Samara
Volga Region from Ancient Times till Our Days. The Early Iron Age and Early Medieval
Age]. Moscow, 2000.
26. III Kashpirskiy odinochnyy kurgan [The Kashpirskiy single burial mound III].
In: Voprosy arkheologii Povolzhya [Issues on the Volga Region Archaeology]. Samara,
2003, issue 3. (Joint authors: I.N. Vasileva, E.V. Kozin, L.S. Kulakova).
27. Tekhnologiya izgotovleniya keramiki yamnoy kul'tury s territorii Samarskogo
Povolzh'ya [Manufacturing technology of the Yamnaya culture ceramic ware from the
territory of the Samara Volga region]. In: Voprosy arkheologii Povolzh'ya [Issiues on the
Volga Region Archaeology]. Samara, 2006, issue 4.
28. Issledovanie kurganov epokhi bronzy u pos. Podlesnyy na r. Samare [Research of
the Bronze Age burial mounds near Podlesny village on the Samara river]. In: Voprosy
arkheologii Povolzh'ya [Issues on the Volga Region Archaeology]. Samara, 2006,
issue 4. (Joint authors: P.P. Barynkin, V.N. Zudina, A.I. Kramarev, V.A. Tsibin, A.A.
Khokhlov).
29. K probleme formirovaniya goncharstva naseleniya srednego bronzovogo veka
Volgo-Ural'ya [Concerning the problem of pottery formation among population of the
Middle Bronze Age in the Volga and Urals region]. In: Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki
Orenburzh'ya [Archaeological Sites of the Orenburg Region]. Orenburg, 2007, issue
III.
227
3 (5) 2013
30. Poselenie Sachkovo ozero [The Sachkovo Lake settlement]. In: Aktualnye
problemy arkheologii Urala i Povolzhya [Contemporary Problems of the Urals and
Volga Region Archaeology]. Samara, 2008. (Joint authors: I.N. Vasileva, E.V. Kozin,
L.S. Kulakova).
31. Nekotorye itogi izucheniya drevnego i srednevekovogo goncharstva v Samarskom
Povolzhe [Several results of the study ancient and medieval pottery in the Samara Volga
Region]. In: 40 let Srednevolzhskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii: Kraevedcheskie
zapiski [The 40th Anniversary of the Middle Volga Region Archaeological Expedition:
Regional Notes]. Samara, 2010, issue XV. (Joint author: I.N. Vasileva).

Kuznetsova Lyudmila V., Ph.D. (History), director, Samara Regional Historical Museum
named after P.V. Alabin (Samara, Russian Federation); lvk@alabin.ru
06.091:572
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margarita@gmail.com
SERGEY VLADIMIROVICH VASILYEV IS 50 YEARS OLD!
M.M. Gerasimova
Sergey Vladimirovich Vasilyev, Dr. Habil. (History), head of the Center of Physical
Anthropology (the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of Russian Academy of
Sciences, Moscow) celebrates his 50 years anniversary. He is the author of 11 books and
more than 150 articles on paleoanthropology, and a broad scale specialist in anthropogenesis
and anthropology of medieval population of European part of Russia.

Gerasimova Margarita M., Ph.D. (History), leading research scientist, Institute of Eth-
nology and Anthropology of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian Federation);
gerasimova.margarita@gmail.com
233
3 (5) 2013
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:
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); mgalimova@yandex.ru
THE THIRD ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

THE DYNAMICS OF MODERN ECOSYSTEMS IN THE HOLOCENE
M.Sh. Galimova
1215 March 2013 the Third All-Russian Scientific Conference with International
Participation The dynamics of modern ecosystems in the Holocene took place at Kazan.
Organizers of the scientific forum were Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral
Wealth of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution named after
A.N. Severtsov of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology
237
3 (5) 2013
of the Ural Branch RAS with support the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project
No 13-04-06008g). The papers concerning archaeological data (37% of total amount papers)
are surveyed. The author pays special attention to disscussive issue of the species status of the
Final Pleistocene Early Holocene fossil horses according to archaeologic data.
REFERENCES
Dinamika sovremennykh ekosistem v golotsene [The dynamics of modern

ecosystems in the Holocene]. Materialy Tret'ey Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii
(s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) [Proceedings of the Third All-Russian Scientific
Conference with International Participation]. Kazan, 2013.
Berezin A.Yu., Berezina N.S. Rezul'taty izucheniya osteologicheskogo materiala
stoyanki-masterskoy Sholma I (po itogam raskopok 2007 g. [Results of study of the
Sholma I site-workshop osteologic material (according to the results of excavations held
in 2007)]. In: Srednee Povolzh'e i Yuzhnyy Ural: chelovek i priroda v drevnosti [The
Middle Volga region and the Southern Ural: a Human and Nature in Ancient Times].
Kazan, 2009, pp.113127.
Berezin A.Yu., Berezina N.S., Bessudnov A.N. Predvaritel'noe sravnenie kraniologii
loshadi iz verkhnepaleoliticheskogo pamyatnika Divnogor'e-9 (Voronezhskaya obl.) s
kabaloidnymi loshad'mi Evrazii [Preliminary comparison of horse craniology found
in the Upper Paleolithic site Divnogorye-9 (Voronezh Oblast) with caballus horses of
Eurasia]. In: Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Vostochnoy Evropy: Mezhvuzovskiy sbornik
nauchnykh trudov [Archaeological sites of Eastern Europe: Interuniversity collection of
scientific proceedings]. Voronezh, 2011, issue 14, pp.1224.
Berezin A.Yu., Berezina N.S. Izuchenie osteologicheskogo materiala stoyanki-
masterskoy Sholma I (20072009 gg.) [A case-study of osteologic material of the
Sholma I site-workshop (20072009)]. In: Chuvashskaya Arkheologiya: sbornik statey
[Chuvash Archaeology: a collection of articles]. Cheboksary, 2012, issue I, pp.6978.

Galimova Madina Sh., Ph.D. (History), senior research scientist, Sh.Marjani Institute
of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, Russian Federation); mgalimova@
yandex.ru
238

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AJA American Journal of Archaeology
FUF Finno-Ugrischen Forschungen. Helsinki
SMYA Suomen Muinaismuistoihdistyksen Aikakauskirja. Helsinki
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SCOPUS ( Elsevier, )
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1. Petrenko A.G. Drevnee i srednevekovoe zhivotnovodstvo Srednego Povolzhya i
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Urals]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984, 174 p.
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nauchnoy konferentsii (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) [The Dynamics of Modern Ecosystems
in the Holocene: Proceedings Third Russian Scientific Conference (with International
Participation) / I.V. Askeev, D.V. Ivanov, ed.]. Kazan, Otechestvo Publ., 2013, 364 p.
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, (. , );
earmarchuk@yandex.ru

NEW FINDINGS OF PAINTED GLAZED CERAMICS

OF THE ABKHAZIAN KINGDOM EPOCH
.. Armarchuk
Summary ( ).
Keywords: ( ).
REFERENCES
1. Armarchuk E.A. Khristianskiy khram na gore Sakharnaya Golovka pod Adlerom:
planirovka i stroitelnye osobennosti [Christian church on the mountain Sakharnaya Golovka
near Adler: layout and construction features]. In: Arkhitektura Vizantii i Drevney Rusi IX
XII vv. / Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha (Tr. GE) [Byzantine architecture and ancient
Rus IXXII centuries. Proceedings of the State Hermitage]. St. Petersburg, 2010, vol. LIII,
pp. 180195.
Armarchuk Ekaterina A., Ph.D. (History), senior research scientist, Institute of Archaeolo-
gy of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian Federation); earmarchuk@yandex.ru
, -
, !
-
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420014 . , , 5
18.10.2013 . 70108 1/16
. . . . 15,25 1000

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Critique and Bibliography

TOWARD THE JUBILEE OF A.G. PETRENKO (19332010)

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1962, . 71; , 1970, . 4754; -

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DETERMINING THE RATIO OF ANIMAL SPIESES

Antipina E.E. Metody rekonstruktsii osobennostey skotovodstva na yuge Vostochnoy

Asylgaraeva G.Sh. K voprosu o formakh zhivotnovodcheskoy deyatel'nosti bulgaro-

Markov G.E. Nekotorye problemy vozniknoveniya i rannikh etapov kochevnichestva

Tsalkin V.I. Zhivotnovodstvo i okhota v lesnoy polose Vostochnoy Evropy v

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HUMAN TEETH IN THE RITES OF THE VOLGA TRIBES

V.A. Podobed, A.N. Usachuk, V.V. Tsimidanov

Gorbova M.V. Votivnye priveski v sobranii Doneckogo oblastnogo kraevedcheskogo

Kovaleva I.F. Srubnye pogrebenija s naborami al'chikov [Burials of the Srubnaya

Moskva. Pamjatniki arhitektury XIVXVII vekov [Moscow. Architectural Monuments

issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR [The USSR Archaeology Proceedings and Researches].

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-3. - . 2009, . 581587). -

.., .., .., .. -

THE STATE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN PALEOSOILS

T.E. Khomutova, T.S. Demkina, N.N. Kashirskaya, V.A. Demkin

Anan'eva N.D., Vasil'eva G.K. Rol' mikrobiologicheskogo faktora v razlozhenii 3,4-

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Antipina E.E. Arheozoologicheskie issledovanija: zadachi, potencial'nye vozmozh-

metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva, arkheobiologicheskie issledovaniya [The Kargaly.

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Antipina E.E. Arheozoologicheskie issledovaniya: zadachi, potencialnye voz-

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- (Van Neer et al.,

Fick O. Vergleichend morphologische Untersuchungen an Einzelknochen euro-

BIRDS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

I.V. Askeyev, D.N. Galimova, O.V. Askeyev

Askeyev I.V. Osteologicheskie materialy iz raskopok Ostolopovskogo selishcha

Burchak-Abramovich N.I., Tsalkin V.I. K poznaniyu ornitofauny yuga Ukrainy,

Panteleev A.V., Kosintsev P.A. Orlan-belokhvost (HALIAEETUS ALBICILLA)

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CRANIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CITIZENS

S.G. Komarov, S.V. Vasilyev

Alekseev S.I. Itogi arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy v g. Kostrome i Kostromskoy

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CONSTRUCTION OF THE AURICLE IN THE COURSE

Alekseev V.P., Debets G.F. Kraniometriya. Metodika antropologicheskikh issledo-

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60%. 0,53%; 0,13%

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COINS OMPLEX

E.A. Begovatov, V.P. Lebedev, R.Kh. Khramchenkova

Begovatov E.A., Lebedev V.P. Monetnyy kompleks X veka I Semenovskogo seli-

. 12. ( 1), . 13. ( 2),