Коллектив авторов - Test your business english. Part 1-ЭБС Лань (2016)

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ
БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
TEST YOUR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Part 1
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Е. В. Ушакова,
Е. С. Селезнева,
О. В. Тихомирова
Воронеж
Издательский дом ВГУ
2016
1
Утверждено научно-методическим советом факультета романо-германской

филологии 26 апреля 2016 г., протокол № 8
Рецензент – канд. филол. наук, доцент Н. М. Шишкина
Подготовлено на кафедре английского языка факультета романо-

германской филологии Воронежского государственного университета.
Рекомендовано магистрантам 1-го курса заочного отделения экономическо-

го факультета
Для направлений: 38.04.01 - Экономика,

38.04.02 - Менеджмент,
38.04.03 - Управление персоналом,
38.04.08 - Финансы и кредит.
2
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Пояснительная записка............................................................................. 4
Unit 1. Profitable banks .............................................................................. 5
Unit 2. Companies and their banks ........................................................... 11
Unit 3. The profile of an effective manager.............................................. 16
Unit 4. Telephone crime ........................................................................... 22
Unit 5. Business lawyers ........................................................................... 27
3
Пояснительная записка
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для самостоятельной рабо-

ты магистрантов 1 курса заочного отделения экономического факультета для
направлений: Экономика (38.04.01), Финансы и кредит (38.04.08), Менедж-
мент (38.04.02), Управление персоналом (38.04.03).
Целями данного пособия являются: развитие навыков чтения специаль-
ной литературы на английском языке для получения профессиональной ин-
формации и формирование коммуникативной компетенции для решения соци-
ально-коммуникативных задач в профессиональной сфере деятельности. Кон-
трольная работа как разновидность самостоятельной работы магистрантов яв-
ляется одной из форм текущего контроля усвоения ими учебного материала по
дисциплине «Иностранный (английский) язык в профессиональной сфере».
Пособие содержит оригинальные тексты, затрагивающие основные про-
блемы в сфере финансового менеджмента, оценки бизнес-процессов, корпора-
тивной политики и развитии лидерских качеств, что обеспечивает включение
магистрантов экономического факультета в ситуации профессионально-
значимого общения.
Пособие состоит из 5 разделов, включающих в себя аутентичный текст и
задания на контроль развития навыков просмотрового, ознакомительного, изу-
чающего чтения, понимание, извлечение информации из текста и лексико-
грамматические упражнения, а также упражнения, направленные на развитие
навыка перевода с английского языка на русский и реферирования текста.
4
UNIT 1. Profitable banks

LEAD IN
1. Discuss these questions.
1. How do banks make their profits?
2. What factors determine the profitability of a bank?
Easy money
Britain's high street banks are extremely profitable – and widely criti-
cized for their poor performance. «What's going on?» – asks George Graham.
Andrew Buxton, chairman of Barclays, ought to have looked a troubled man
as he presented his 5 bank's annual results last week. In the last year, Barclays
had lost a chief executive, dropped £205m on rash trading in the bond markets,
another £153m on bad loans to 10 Russian customers, and had let its operating
costs run out of control. Yet Barclays somehow managed to make profits of
£1.9bn. In the same year, Lloyds TSB 15 reported a 14 per cent increase in its
pre-tax profits to £3.29bn, equivalent to an after-tax return on shareholders' equi-
ty of 33 per cent. And other British banks made similar profits.
So where do these profits come from? And why have they not been lost to
the competition from other institutions? The first part of the answer lies in the
condition of the UK economy at large. In principle, bank profits are built for the
most part on the volumes of loans they make and the deposits they collect; the
margins between the interest rates for these two sides of their balance sheet gives
them their profits (or losses). But in a mature market such as the UK, it is hard for
a very large bank to expand loan and deposit volumes much beyond the level of
the economy as a whole, and even harder to widen net interest margins.
5
The biggest factor in bank profits has therefore been the level of bad debts.
In 1992, when banks' accounts showed the worst of the effects of the last UK re-
cession, the seven principal banks set aside £6.45bn of bad debt provisions be-
tween them. Last year, the total for the same group is estimated to have been
around £2.6bn.
The other side of British banks' profitability reflects an interplay between
technology-based efficiency gains and customer inertia. Banks have become
more efficient over the past decade, stripping out costs as new computer systems
and telecommunications networks have enabled them to set up industrial-scale
processing plants for tasks that used to be handled by clerks in the back of each
branch. Branches are expensive to run, and the network has been whittled down
from a peak of 21,800 branches in 1985 to around 15,000 today. Each branch,
too, has fewer staff.
One of the most frequent complaints is the disappearance of the human
touch in the bank branch. Yet customers have reaped most of the benefits of the
banks' efficiency gains – cash dispensed at the touch of a button by machines, in-
stant account balances, transfers and even loans available over the telephone.
However, British banks remain years behind their French rivals in electronic
banking. Nor is the UK's money transmission system the most consumer-friendly
in the world. Customers in New Zealand and Canada get deposits credited instan-
taneously, while in the UK they must wait days. Competition in financial services
has been steadily increasing since the 1980s. Yet the British consumer is more
likely to swap a wife (or husband) than a bank. With such undemanding cus-
tomers, leading banks could have years of fat profits ahead of them.
(Financial times. – 2009. – 14 Oct.)
6
COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the following question. Then compare your answers with the class.
Which of the following examples of improved banking technology are mentioned
either directly indirectly in the text:
a) ATMs;
b) smart cards;
c) credit cards;
d) telephone banking;
e) electronic banking?
2. Look quickly at the text and find the answers to these questions.
Which of the following reasons are given in the text to explain the British banks'
profitability:
a) trading in bond markets;
b) reduction in the number of branches;
c) effective management;
d) reduction in the level of bad debts;
e) interest from loans to overseas customers;
f) large-scale processing of transactions;
g) competitive interest rates attracting more customers;
h) British customers preferring to stay with the same bank;
i) the strength of the economy?
3. Mark these statements T (true) or F (false) according to the information in
the text. Find the part of the text that gives the correct information.
1. Barclays' profits were higher than those of Lloyds TSB. F
2. Banks in the UK can make more profit by charging higher interest on loans.
3. The provision for bad debts for the main UK banks was much higher in 1992.
4. The banks do not employ as many clerks as they did in the 1980s.
5. Customers prefer to deal with machines rather than talk to bank staff.
7
6. British banks are the most advanced in the world.

7. British banks face a lot of competition from other institutions offering financial
services.
8. The British don't complain very much about the service they receive from their
banks.
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Match these terms with their definitions
1) net interest margin;
2) provisions;
3) return on equity;
4) money transmission system;
a) money reserved to cover bad debts;
b) profit as a percentage of shareholders' capital;
c) difference between interest income and interest payments;
d) method of transferring funds from one person to another.
2. Replace the underlined items with words or phrases from the text that
have a similar meaning.
1. Banks are affected by the state of the UK economy in general.
At large
2. The UK has a very established, loan market.
3. It's difficult for a large bank to increase loan and deposit volumes.
4. The UK's seven principal banks set aside about £6.5bn of bad debt provision.
5. Banks have closed thousands of branches over the last ten years.
6. Many routine banking tasks are dealt with by computer.
7. A bank branch is expensive to operate.
8
8. Technologically, British banks are behind their French competitors.

9. Few people change banks in Britain.
10. Most UK banks still make huge profits.
3. Choose the best explanation for each of these words or phrases from the
text.
1. troubled
a) worried;
b) pleased.
2. rash trading
a) trading without enough care and consideration;
b) trading in large volumes.
3. let its operating costs run out of control
a) allowed its costs to go over the budget;
b) allowed its costs to be checked by external auditors.
4. customer inertia
a) customers don't want to move or change anything;
b) customers expect a lot of improvements in service.
5. stripping out costs
a) adding to costs;
b) removing costs.
6. reaped most of the benefits
a) collected most of the benefits;
b) lost most of the benefits.
4. Find a word or phrase in the text that has a similar meaning.
1. total amounts or quantities
volumes ......................................................................................................................
9
2. system of local offices spread around the country

b ........................................................ n ......................................................................
3. highest level recorded over a period
P .................................................................................................................................
4. designed so as to be of maximum benefit to the consumer
c ........................................................ -f .....................................................................
5. when the value of a deposit is added to an account balance
c .................................................................................................................................
6. banks with the biggest share of the market
l ......................................................... b ......................................................................
5. Match the first half of each sentence with the most appropriate second
half. Notice the words that are used in each sentence to mark a contrasting
idea. (These words are in italics.)
1. Barclays Bank had a troubled year.
2. Banks make a profit on their net interest margin.
3. British banks have introduced a range of technically-advanced services.
4. Canadian customers get deposits credited instantaneously.
a) while UK customers have to wait a few days;
b) yet it managed to make a lot of profit;
c) but it is difficult for them to widen their margins;
d) but they are still behind the French in electronic banking.
FOLLOW UP
1. If possible, find the annual results of a bank in your country and report on
its profitability.
2. Discuss with your colleague from Great Britain how British banks differ
from banks in your country in the way they make their profits?
10
UNIT 2. Companies and their banks

LEAD IN
1. What services does a company expect from its bank?
2. What are some of the differences between a loan and an overdraft? Compare
your ideas with the definitions in the Key.
3. When offering a loan or an overdraft, a bank usually demands security. What
can a customer offer as security?
2. Read these two letters from banks to their corporate customer
Letter A
Dear Mrs Phipps
Re: Retail Banking
On the attached you will find the Bank's proposed Schedule of Charges
which will take effect as from 1st January, and will be reviewed annually.
We very much regret that we are unable to continue offering 'free banking'
to our customers. This recent change of policy is due to increasing costs, and we
feel that if we are to continue to maintain the professional level of personal ser-
vice that we have always provided to our customers, we must now obtain a con-
tribution to our expenses.
You will note that our charges are below the average levied by other UK
banks, as we wish to remain competitive in this market.
The charges will be debited to your account monthly in arrears.
The minimum balance requirement for those accounts which are interest
bearing has been reduced from USD 100,000.00 to USD 50,000.00 or currency
equivalent. This reduction in the minimum balance requirement will therefore
compensate for some of the charges which will have to be paid by yourselves.
11
If you have any questions concerning the new charges, would you please
telephone either myself or my colleague, James Samuel.
Yours sincerely,
Wendy Bracewell, Account Manager
Letter B
Dear Sirs
Re: Banking facilities
The Bank is pleased to offer John Best Ltd (The Company) banking facilities on
the terms referred to below but otherwise subject to normal banking terms and
conditions.
Facilities
Withdrawals may be made under the following facilities provided that the total
amount of withdrawals at any time shall not exceed the limit. Overdraft limit:
£35,000.
Availability
The Bank may at any time discontinue all or any of the facilities and/or may de-
mand repayment of all sums owing. The facilities are due for review in twelve
months' time.
Interest rate
Interest on the overdraft facility is to be charged at 2.25% per annum over the
Bank's Base Rate as published from time to time.
Fees
An arrangement fee of £120 will be payable.
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Security
The repayment of all monies owed in respect of the facilities will be secured by:
Business Premises at 44 Park Road, Bristol.
All costs and expenses, as mentioned in the General Terms and Conditions at-
tached to this letter, shall be payable by The Company.
To accept this offer, please arrange for the enclosed copy of this letter to be
signed and returned.
Yours faithfully,
Graham Collins
BRANCH MANAGER
COMPREHENSION
Letter A. Find the part of the letter that gives the correct information.
a) The new charges will remain the same for 12 months. T
b) The company didn't have to pay bank charges before.
c) The bank's policy has changed because the bank wants to be more competitive.
d) Other UK banks make lower charges.
e) The company will have to pay the charges in advance.
f) If the company's account balance is USD 55,000, they will be able to earn in-
terest on this.
g) The company will be better off than before because of the extra interest they
will earn.
Letter B. Find the part of the letter that gives the correct information.
a) According to the letter, the company can overdraw up to a maximum of
£35,000. T
b) The period for which the terms of this letter are valid is three years.
13
c) The bank has the right to stop the overdraft facility and ask for the money to be
paid back before the end of this period.
d) Other than interest, there will be no charges to pay.
e) The overdraft facility will be secured by a property.
f) The contract which the company should sign wilt be sent at a later date.
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Find a word or phrase from Letter A that has a similar meaning:
a) each year or every year
annually .....................................................................................................................
b) keep something at the same level
m ................................................................................................................................
c) amount that partly meets costs but does not cover them completely
c .................................................................................................................................
d) having the same value
e .................................................................................................................................
2. Find a word or phrase from Letter B that has a similar meaning.
a) go above a specified maximum level
exeed ................................................. a limit ............................................................
b) by the year
P ........................................................ a .....................................................................
c) fixed amount that has to be paid for a service
f..................................................................................................................................
d) place where a company carries out its business activities
p .................................................................................................................................
3. Choose the best explanation for each of these phrases from the text.
1. monthly in arrears (Letter A)
a) payable at the end of the month;
b) payable at the beginning of the month.
14
2. interest bearing accounts (Letter A)

a) accounts which are free of interest;
b) accounts which earn interest.
3. facilities are due for review (Letter B)
a) the money borrowed must be repaid;
b) the bank is going to reconsider the contract.
4. Bank's Base Rate (Letter B)
a) the key lending rate of banks in Britain;
b) a rate fixed by the bank itself.
4. Word study: contract language
subject to
This phrase is used to show which rules, regulations or laws have to be followed
by the people
signing the contract, e.g. This guarantee is subject to the laws of the State of New
York.
provided that
This means the same as if, but is very strong, and is common in contracts and
means if and only if.
shall
Shall is often used instead of will in contracts. It is very strong and means that the
person signing must do what the contract says.
Match the modal verbs (1–5) with their meanings (a–e). (Note: not all the an-
swers will be used; one will be used twice)
1. shall a) It is allowed under the contract.
2. shall not b) It is not allowed under the contract.
3. may c) It is an obligation.
4. may not d) It is not an obligation.
5. will e) This shows what will be done in the future.
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FOLLOW UP
1. Imagine you are Mrs. Phipps. Write a letter in reply to Letter A, saying
that your company is not happy about having to pay charges and you have
decided to switch your account to another bank which does not make
charges.
2. Imagine you are the Managing Director of John Best Ltd, a company
which makes office furniture. Your company has just won a new contract
worth £400,000, but in order to carry out the work you need to buy new
equipment and recruit extra staff. Write a letter to the bank and ask if you
can increase the overdraft facility to £50,000.
UNIT 3. The profile of an effective manager

LEAD IN
1. What is manager’s role in an organization?
2. What activities a manager is responsible for?
The manager
Managers work in an organization. Therefore, before we can identify who
managers are, it is important to clarify the term organization. Robbins S.P.
(1991) defines an organization as: «a systematic arrangement of people to ac-
complish some specific purpose». We can divide organizational members into
two categories: operatives or managers. Managers differ from operatives by the
fact that they direct the activities of others.
There are two big classifications of managers: the horizontal classification
only looks at the responsibilities. We can distinguish the functional manager and
the general manager. The functional manager is responsible for a whole of similar
activities, for example, financial director, commercial director... While the gener-
16
al manager is responsible for different functional areas, he is often concentrated

on one business activity and acts as a product manager or a division manager. In
the vertical classification, we need to differentiate first-line managers, middle
managers, and top managers. The difference between these three groups is based
on the statute of subordinates.
Furthermore, we should pay attention to the difference between a success-
ful and an effective manager. As Luthans F. (1988) proved, a successful manager
is not necessary an effective manager. The former is a manager who has been
promoted relatively quickly while the latter has satisfied, committed subordinates
and high performing units. In general, we could say that an effective manager is
one who attains the organizational goals.
Manager's job
It was Henry Fayol, in the early part of this century, who was the first to
give a global view about the job of manager. He observed that managers per-
formed 5 management functions: they plan, organize, command, coordinate and
control. In the mid-1950s these management functions were reduced to the basic
four known as the management process.
The planning component encompasses defining the goals, establishing ap-
propriate strategies and developing different plans to coordinate the activities.
Furthermore, managers are responsible for designing an organization's structure,
which clarifies what must be done and by whom. As the job of manager implies
directing activities of others, the leading function is very important. It consists of
motivating subordinates, resolving conflicts and selecting effective communica-
tion channels. Eventually, a manager has a controlling function. He has to ensure
that the assumed goals will be achieved. Therefore the manager has to monitor
the different activities. Also keep in mind that an effective manager must be able
to perform all four activities simultaneously.
17
― Conceptual skills: the ability to analyze complex situations and to provide the
necessary knowledge to facilitate the decision-making.
― Interpersonal skill: as a manager you should be able to direct others, so moti-
vation, communication and delegation skills are absolutely needed.
― Technical skills: the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise.
― Political skills: the ability to build the right relationships with the right per-
sons. Those connections result in higher chances of getting additional resources
and power.
― Controlling the organization's environment and its resources.
― Organizing and coordinating.
― Handling information.
― Providing for growth and development.
― Motivating employees and handling conflicts.
― Strategic problem solving.
The main characteristics of the effective manager
In the following part we will discuss some of the main manager's characte-
ristics based on the theories which were discussed in the first part of our paper.
We have summarized different visions and found out that all theories named the
following important characteristics:
― decision making skills;
― conflict Management skills;
― flexibility and creativity;
― developing of managerial knowledge and manager's teaching role;
― motivation of employees;
― communication skills;
― developing trust inside the organization.
18
Operations Management
Operations management consists of all the activities that managers are en-
gaged into creating products (goods, services, and ideas). Operations are as rele-
vant to service organizations as to manufacturing firms. In fact, production is the
conversion of resources into goods or services.
1. A technology is the knowledge and process the firm uses to convert input
resources into output goods or services. Conversion processes vary in their major
input, the degree to which inputs are changed and the number of technologies
employed in the conversion.
2. Operations management often begins with the research and product de-
velopment activities. The results of R&D may be entirely new products or exten-
sions and refinements of existing products. The limited life cycle of every prod-
uct spurs companies to invest continuously in R&D.
3. Operations planning is planning for production. First, design planning is
needed to solve problems related to the product line, required production capaci-
ty, the technology to be used, the design of production facilities, and human re-
sources. Next, operations planning focuses on the use of production facilities and
resources. The steps in this periodic planning are (1) selecting the appropriate
planning horizon, (2) estimating market demand, (3) comparing demand and ca-
pacity, and (4) adjusting output to demand.
4. The major areas of operations control are purchasing, inventory control,
scheduling, and quality control. Purchasing involves selecting suppliers and plan-
ning purchases. Inventory control is the management of stocks of raw materials,
work process and finished goods to minimize the total inventory cost. Scheduling
ensures that materials are at the right place at the right time — for use within the
facility or for shipment to customers. Quality control ensures that products meet
their design specifications.
19
5. Automation, the total or near-total use of machines to do work, is rapidly

changing the way work is done in factories and offices. A growing number of in-
dustries are using programmable machines called robots to perform tasks that are
tedious or hazardous to human beings. The flexible manufacturing system
combines robotics and computer-aided manufacturing to produce smaller batches
of products more efficiently than the traditional assembly line.
COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the following question. Then compare your answers with the class.
1. What is a manager?
2. Where does a manager work?
3. What types of managers can be named?
4. What is an effective manager?
5. What is a successful manager?
6. What is the difference between successful and effective manager?
7. What are the main characteristics of the effective manager?
8. What are the functions of a manager?
9. What is operations management?
10. What role do managers play in the organization?
2. Insert the necessary word or word combination
1. Managers work in an …
2. We can divide organizational members into two categories: … or …
3. Managers differ from operatives, by the fact that they … the activities of others.
4. We can distinguish the functional manager and the … manager.
5. Eventually, a manager has a … function.
6. The planning component encompasses … the goals, … appropriate strategies
and … different plans to coordinate the activities.
20
7. As the job of manager implies … activities of others, the leading function is

very important.
8. Operations planning is planning for …
9. The major areas of operations control are purchasing, inventory control … and
quality control.
10. A technology is the knowledge and process the firm uses to convert … re-
sources into output goods or services.
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Match these terms with their Russian equivalents:
identify работник
clarify планировка
accomplish совершать, выполнять
operatives вовлекать
imply соответствующий
direct одновременно
subordinate стимул
resolve решать
scheduling прояснять
appropriate подразумевать
assume принимать на себя
simultaneously направлять
employee определять
engage исполнители
spur подчиняться
encompass окружать
21
2. Refer the sentences into English

1. Одна из важнейших функций менеджера – управление исполнителями.
2. Организация – объединение людей, выполняющих конкретные цели.
3. Менеджер обязан контролировать процесс исполнения.
4. Гибкость и творческий подход важны в каждом работнике.
5. Менеджер должен уметь принимать решения самостоятельно.
6. Мотивация работников – важный элемент здоровой работы предприятия.
7. Менеджер выполняет пять основных функций.
FOLLOW UP
1. Analyze the role of a manager in a company.
2. Discuss the functions of a manager.
3. Discuss the skills managers have to posses.
UNIT 4. Telephone crime

LEAD IN
1. How many telephone calls do you make every day? Do you have a telephone
calling card?
2. How often do you call someone living outside your country? Are these person-
al or business calls? How do you pay for such calls?
BT launches fresh attack on phone crime

By Alan Cane
British Telecommunications (BT) is mounting a new offensive against the ba-
rons of organised telephone crime who are costing it hundreds of millions of
pounds annually. Its chief weapon is a new technology that can cut the time to
detect and prove fraud from – in some cases – years to minutes. Developed with
22
BT's former partner, MCI of the US, the system has already been tested by BT's
calling card division, where it has doubled the number of frauds spotted and halved
the financial losses. Now it is being deployed across BT's business services.
The level of UK phone crime is hard to assess, but it is costing operators a
minimum of £200m ($334m) a year. Trade organisations put the figure at 55,000
crimes reported, with a similar number of unreported fraudulent calls. And forget
youngsters and amateurs: telephone fraud is big-time crime. Some of the UK's
best-known villains are defrauding the operators to fund activities ranging from
drugs to terrorism, according to Dennis Gotts, head of BT's investigations unit.
«This is more than stealing lOp from a call box», he says. «Notorious individuals
in the criminal fraternity are involved. They know BT's network and they know
what they are doing».
Telephone crime can be absurdly easy. Opening an account in a false name
and selling calls to international destinations before disappearing when the bill is
due is one of the simplest. In one case earlier this year, a gang of Tamil sympa-
thisers siphoned off or diverted some £2m from 400,000 fraudulent calls to Sri
Lanka before they were arrested, convicted and imprisoned.
It took BT's investigators two years to collect the evidence to put the gang on
trial. The new system, called «Sheriff», will be able to do the job in minutes. De-
tection involves analysis of hundreds of millions of call records looking for un-
usual patterns: an unexpectedly large number of calls to a particular number or
destination, for example, or calls made at unusual hours or from unusual locations.
BT's fraud strategy manager said the company's services were already pro-
tected, but by individual systems. The need was for a single system so fraud alert
data could be shared across product lines.
Sheriff uses artificial intelligence for analysis and an advanced «object-
orientated» database from Versant, a US company, to provide the speed and reliabil-
23
ity needed to sort through a minimum of 120m calls a day on BT's network. The
system «learns» from its experiences, so improving its ability to detect future frauds.
BT is considering offering a tailored fraud-detection service to its large cor-
porate customers.
(Financial times. – 2009. – 24 June)
COMPREHENSION
1. Read the text about telephone fraud and answer these questions.
1. Who pays the bills when there is telephone crime?
2. What is BT's calling card division?
3. How much does telephone crime cost operators a year?
4. How many fraudulent calls are made each year according to trade organisations?
5. Is telephone crime mainly committed by professional criminals or bored
youngsters?
6. What is the simplest example of telephone crime mentioned in the text?
7. How does BT plan to protect itself from fraud?
8. How has new technology helped BT solve crimes?
2. What do the following figures refer to in the text?
$334m 55,000 400,000 £2m 120m
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Complete the sentence
Use an appropriate word from the text to complete the six stages of a tele-
phone crime.
1. A criminal has to open an … account …
2. Next, he has to give a … name.
3. The crime consists of making contact with people who need to . a lot of expen-
sive phone calls but have little money.
24
4. These people agree to … the criminal in cash for the calls they make-not the
real costs of course, much less.
5. The criminal then sells hundreds of long-… phone calls – to Australia, for
example.
6. However, when the bill is … at the end of the month, the criminal disappears.
2. Replace the underlined items with words and phrases from the text that
have a similar meaning.
1. BT is preparing a new attack against telephone fraud,
offensive .....................................................................................................................
3. The system has increased the number of detected crimes.
d… the n… off… s…
4. Telephone fraud is very serious
b… -t… c…
5. One form of the crime is selling calls to others and then failing to meet the bill.
d… w… the b… is d…
6. BT experts took two years to find enough evidence to take the criminals to
court.
p… the g… on t…
7. The system uses an advanced computer programme that identifies patterns
of calls.
a… 0… -0… d…
8. The company may offer a fraud-detection service to its business customers that
is specially designed for each customer.
t ..................................................................................................................................
3. Use an appropriate word or phrase to complete each sentence:
detect prove barons of organised crime fraudfalse name evidence arrested con-
victed imprisoned.
1. It is one thing to … detect … fraud; it is quite another to … it.
25
2. Telephone … is said to be in the hands of …

3. The police cannot prosecute a criminal without …
4. One gang managed to steal millions before they were … and
5. Opening an account in a seems to be very simple.
4. Match these terms with their definitions:
1) siphon off and divert-x;
2) arrest;
3) convict;
4) imprison;
5) mount an offensive;
a) hold someone at a police station;
b) implement a serious campaign against an enemy;
c) move part of something without the owner knowing about it;
d) put someone in prison;
e) find someone guilty of a crime.
FOLLOW UP
1. You discover that a colleague at work has been involved in telephone crime –
she has opened an account in a false name and is selling calls to other office
workers. Write a letter to your boss explaining what has been going on, and
how you discovered it.
2. «Organised crime» – groups of notorious criminals – are involved in tele-
phone crime, according to the text. What can international police forces do
to prevent their activities? Think about such things as cross-border coopera-
tion, sharing of information, developing specialised technology (like the call
monitoring device Sheriff), and list the actions that could help stop interna-
tional telephone crime.
26
UNIT 5. Business lawyers

1. In your country, are there different kinds of lawyers? If so, what are the differences?
2. Can you describe the normal way that lawyers become qualified to practise
law in your country?
Solicitor or barrister?
The solicitor is the first point of contact with the law for a client in the UK.
The solicitor listens carefully to the client, making sure their needs are clearly
understood and then explains the legal position and tenders advice. By contrast,
barristers will only see the client in the company of a briefing solicitor. The bar-
rister is the specialist with particular skills in advocacy, a consultant who will ex-
amine the case and decide what line to take in court. The barrister will be reliant
on the detailed brief prepared by the client's solicitor. There are only a few solici-
tors who are allowed to present cases in the higher courts. Many more solicitors
work in their litigation departments and spend much of their time preparing briefs
for counsel. Barristers are self-employed in the independent Bar. Solicitors are
normally salaried and may be offered a share in the profits of the practice if they
are successful.
The Bar is a small but influential independent body with just over 8,000
practising barristers in over 400 chambers in England and Wales. In addition,
there are about 2,000 barristers employed as in-house lawyers. The Bar is an ad-
vocacy profession. The Bar's right of audience in the higher courts remains vir-
tually unchallenged. The work divides equally between civil and criminal law.
There are over 70 specialist areas, including major ones like chancery (mainly
property and finance) and the commercial bar.
Judges in England and Wales have mostly been barristers of 10 years' stand-
ing, then Queen's Counsellors, and are appointed by the Lord Chancellor. Judges
27
cannot work as barristers once they are appointed. A barrister who is a part-time
judge is known as a Recorder. The Crown Prosecutor, who works for the Director
of Public Prosecutions, is responsible for prosecuting criminals based on evi-
dence presented by the police. Solicitors do a variety of work – corporate and
commercial, litigation, property, private law, banking and project finance, em-
ployment law and environmental law. There are about 66,000 practising solicitors
in England and Wales.
COMPREHENSION
1. Mark these statements T (true) or F (false), according to the information
in the text. Find the part of the text that gives the correct information.
1. If you have any kind of legal question the first person you consult is a barris-
ter. F
2. A barrister and a solicitor are both qualified lawyers in the UK.
3. «Preparing a brief for counsel» means a solicitor writes a detailed description of a
case so as to inform the expert (the barrister) of all the facts and main legal points.
4. A solicitor cannot speak in a higher court.
5. A barrister in the UK is an independent qualified lawyer.
6. If you want to work for a law firm and receive a regular salary, you should be-
come a solicitor.
7. There are more solicitors than barristers.
8. Barristers often specialise in particular areas of the law, like property or con-
tracts.
9. A barrister may become a judge, but a solicitor cannot.
10. The law is the same in England as in Scotland but differs in Wales.
11. A Recorder is a part-time judge.
12. One of the roles of the police in the UK is to assemble sufficient evidence for
a criminal case to come to court.
28
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Choose the best explanation for each of these words or phrases from the
text.
1. tenders advice
a) offers advice;
b) bids for advice;
c) refuses advice.
2. briefing solicitor
a) lawyer who works quickly;
b) lawyer who writes a letter;
c) lawyer who prepares a case for court.
3. advocacy
a) speaking or pleading in the court;
b) lawyers;
c) rich and famous people.
4. line
a) queue;
b) time to allocate;
c) position.
5. salaried
a) with postgraduate degrees;
b) receiving regular pay;
c) independent.
6. practising
a) not very good yet;
b) in training;
c) professionally working.
29
7. chambers
a) bedrooms;
b) barristers' offices;
c) changing rooms.
8. in-house
a) hoteliers;
b) employed by a company;
c) independent.
9. right of audience
a) performing on stage;
b) tickets to observe;
c) allowed to speak in court.
10. commercial bar
a) expensive drinks;
b) law of business;
c) trade and industry ban.
2. Comparing texts
Read the text below and complete the sentences which follow.
A person admitted to practise law in their respective state and authorised to
perform both civil and criminal legal functions for clients, including drafting of
legal documents, giving of legal advice, and representing such before courts, ad-
ministrative agencies, boards, etc.
Prosecutor
One who prosecutes another for a crime in the name of the government. One
who instigates the prosecution upon which an accused is arrested or who prefers
an accusation against the party whom they suspect to be guilty, as does a district,
30
county, or state's attorney on behalf of the state, or a United States Attorney for a
federal district on behalf of the US government.
In Spain, the universities are in charge of the education of lawyers. Anyone
completing a law degree is entitled to be called a lawyer and may work as a law-
yer for a legal practice or in a company. However, to achieve public office and
work for the State Judiciary, as a notary or judge, for example, graduate lawyers
must compete for places through public examinations and then attend judicial
school for two years. They then may be appointed as civil servants anywhere in
the country.
l. In England and Wales, a … solicitor … prepares briefs but does not represent
the clients in court. This is done by a … In the US, both functions are performed
by an…
2. In the US a … instigates a prosecution against someone suspected of a crime.
This can be done at district, county, state or federal level. In England and Wales
this is done by the … who works for the Department of Public Prosecutions.
3. In England and Wales, a judge is appointed by the Lord Chancellor from bar-
risters who have worked successfully for over 10 years and who have attained the
status of …
In Spain, lawyers wishing to become judges have to attend … for … years.
3. Match the verbs and nouns. Use a dictionary to help you if necessary.
1. instigate
2. bring
3. prefer
4. prepare
5. reach
6. settle
31
7. charge
8. arrest
9. defend
10. infringe
a) a client;
b) a prosecution;
c) a copyright;
d) a suspect;
e) a fee;
f) out of court;
g) a verdict;
h) a case;
i) a brief;
j) an accusation.
4. Use an appropriate phrase from Exercise A to complete each sentence.
1. A prosecutor can prefer … an accusation … or … a … against someone
suspected of committing a crime.
2. In the UK, only the Crown Prosecution Service can … a … against someone
on a criminal charge.
3. By copying my novel and selling it as your own, you have not only … my …
but also betrayed my trust as a friend.
4. The two sets of lawyers agreed not to go to trial but to … out of …
5. Some lawyers do not … a … if the client asks for very simple advice.
6. The jury took three days to … a …
7. All lawyers must … their … even if they doubt their innocence.
8. As a solicitor in a large company, I spend a lot of time for barristers.
9. The police had sufficient evidence of his guilt to the …
32
5. Match the different branches of the law with the examples.

1. litigation
2. corporate and commercial
3. family
4. environmental
5. employment
6. private
7. advocacy
8. public international
9. intellectual property
10. procedural law
a) treaties and cross-border agreements;
b) bringing lawsuits against others;
c) contracts and mergers;
d) rules applied to how a prosecution or civil action is conducted;
e) civil cases;
f) pleading a case in court on behalf of a client;
g) divorce and marriage settlements;
h) relating to creativity, published ideas and art forms;
i) equal opportunities and fair pay;
j) regarding industrial waste and pollution.
FOLLOW UP
1. Being a lawyer is regarded as one of the best professions in many
countries. Think about what the different areas of specialisation are, and
which you would choose, or have chosen, and why. Make notes under the
headings: choice of specialisation; number of years of training; income ex-
33
pectations; responsibilities; kinds of clients; need for foreign languages; like-

ly challenges and opportunities. Add any other points that occur to you.
2. Imagine you are a family solicitor. Give advice to someone who asks
your professional opinion about a financial matter. Your client has asked
you whether she should invest money she has inherited in the stock market
or place it in the bank. Explain that you feel she should consult a financial
expert first. Invite her to discuss any tax implications with her tax adviser.
34
Учебное издание
TEST YOUR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Part 1
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Ушакова Елена Валентиновна
Селезнева Елена Сергеевна
Тихомирова Ольга Владимировна
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Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ

TEST YOUR BUSINESS ENGLISH

Утверждено научно-методическим советом факультета романо-германской

Рецензент – канд. филол. наук, доцент Н. М. Шишкина

Подготовлено на кафедре английского языка факультета романо-

Рекомендовано магистрантам 1-го курса заочного отделения экономическо-

Для направлений: 38.04.01 - Экономика,

Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для самостоятельной рабо-

UNIT 1. Profitable banks

6. British banks are the most advanced in the world.

8. Technologically, British banks are behind their French competitors.

2. system of local offices spread around the country

UNIT 2. Companies and their banks

Wendy Bracewell, Account Manager

2. interest bearing accounts (Letter A)

UNIT 3. The profile of an effective manager

al manager is responsible for different functional areas, he is often concentrated

5. Automation, the total or near-total use of machines to do work, is rapidly

7. As the job of manager implies … activities of others, the leading function is

2. Refer the sentences into English

UNIT 4. Telephone crime

BT launches fresh attack on phone crime

2. Telephone … is said to be in the hands of …

UNIT 5. Business lawyers

5. Match the different branches of the law with the examples.

pectations; responsibilities; kinds of clients; need for foreign languages; like-

TEST YOUR BUSINESS ENGLISH

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