Test Your Grammar Skills

УДК 811.111(075.
8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
П78
С о с т а в и т е л и:
Л. К. Бизюк, В. А. Зенченко, Е. Ю. Столярова,
С. Н. Тригубкина, И. Н. Шарко, В. Л. Якушенко
Утверждено на заседании
кафедры английского языка естественных факультетов
29 мая 2008 г., протокол № 10
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
кандидат филологических наук, доцент Т. Г. Ковалева;
кандидат филологических наук, доцент А. И. Долгорукова
Проверь свои знания по грамматике = Test Your Grammar Skills :

П78 учеб.-метод. пособие для студентов, магистрантов и аспирантов
мех.-мат. фак. БГУ / сост.: Л. К. Бизюк [и др.]. – Минск : БГУ, 2010. –
108 с.
ISBN 978-985-518-274-1.
В пособии содержатся тестовые задания, которые помогут проверить и за-
крепить знания по шести разделам грамматики – наиболее сложным при изуче-
нии английского языка.
Предназначено для студентов, магистрантов и аспирантов механико-матема
тического факультета БГУ.
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923
ISBN 978-985-518-274-1 © БГУ, 2010

Предисловие
Учебно-методическое пособие “Test your Grammar skills” предназна

чено для студентов, владеющих английским языком на среднем уровне
(Intermediate Level), а также может быть использовано в работе с маги-
странтами и аспирантами.
Являясь частью учебно-методического комплекса по английскому
языку для студентов механико-математического факультета, пособие
будет полезным широкому кругу лиц, желающих проверить и закре-
пить приобретенные знания основных грамматических явлений, пред-
ставляющих значительные трудности в изучении английского языка.
Основные задачи пособия – контроль знаний, развитие навыков и
умений перевода с русского языка на английский язык и с английского
на русский, использование изученных грамматических явлений в кон-
тексте английской речи. Задания разработаны с учетом трудностей
пройденного материала и предназначены для предотвращения наиболее
типичных ошибок.
Пособие состоит из шести разделов, а каждый раздел – из пяти те-
стов по одной из тем: времена, модальные глаголы, неличные формы
глагола, наклонение. Виды заданий включают: анализ форм и функций,
эквивалентный перевод грамматических структур.
Характер заданий определяется как общими задачами пособия, так и
спецификой каждой конкретной темы. В разделах, где рассматриваются
неличные формы глаголов, большое внимание уделено определению
форм причастий, герундия и инфинитива, их функций в предложениях.
Полезными и интересными являются задания, в которых есть сопостав-
ление с русским языком. Это позволяет выявить ряд закономерных
грамматических соответствий, используемых при переводе.
Отдельные задания, представленные в разделе «Модальные глаго-
лы», разработаны на основе связного текста. Сюжет текста позволяет
поддерживать интерес студентов к грамматическому материалу и пред-
ставляет грамматику не как нечто отдельное, а как неотъемлемую часть
языка в целом.
3
Tenses
Test 1
I. Fill in the gaps with the right present forms.
1. “Is Andy here?” “I don’t know. I … him all day.”
a) haven’t seen b) haven’t been seeing c) see
2. “Where is Nick?” “He is upstairs. He … his homework.”
a) does b) is doing c) do
3. Betty’s bus … at 5 o’clock. I must go and meet her at the bus station.
a) arrive b) has arrived c) arrives
4. Have you seen my record book? I … for it all morning.
a) am searching b) have been searching c) have searched
5. Look, Jack, I … honest with you. Your chances to win this game are low.
a) am b) am being c) is being
6. Nowadays noise is becoming a major pollutant. We … to noise which usually
varies between 35 and 60 decibels.
a) are subjected b) have been subjected c) is subjected
7. A new university building … in the center of the city.
a) is being constructed b) has constructed c) constructs
8. I... travelling by sea on sunny days.
a) enjoys b) am enjoying c) enjoy
II. Fill in the gaps with the right past forms.

1 We were happy to hear that we ... the exam.
a) were passing b) had passed c) passed
2. My uncle had been the headmaster of that school for thirty years before he … .
a) had retired b) retired c) was retiring
3. She … home when she saw the accident.
a) was walking b) had walked c) walked
4. They … the mountain for two hours before they reached the top.
a) had been climbing up b) had climbed up c) climbed up
5. I … the news when the telephone rang.
a) watched b) was watching c) had been watching
6. She told us that her baby … two weeks earlier than expected.
a) was born b) is born c) had been born
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7. The Prime Minister … during his speech at the last meeting.
a) had been shouted at b) was shouted at c) was shouted
8. When I entered the room the last applicant … .
a) was interviewed b) has been interviewed c) was being interviewed
III. Fill in the gaps with the right future forms.
1. She is worried that he … to catch the train.

a) will not have managed b) is not going to manage c) won’t manage
2. This time next year we … together around Europe.
a) will be travelling b) will travel c) are going to travel
3. Janet, … you … tonight or not?
a) will … leave b) are … leaving c) have … left
4. By the time we arrive home, she … cooking the meal for us.
a) will finish b) is going to finish c) will have finished
5. When I … home, I … you a call.
a) will come, make b) come, will make c) will have come, makes
6. I hope water pollution level … soon.
a) will drop b) will be dropped c) will have dropped
7. The work at the historical documents … by tonight.
a) will have been finished b) will be finished c) will have finished
8. The spaceship “Challenge” … next year.
a) will launch b) will be launched c) have been launched
IV. Fill in the gaps with the right tense forms.
1. Dave … at Linguistic University for several years before he decided to enter

a Medical School.
a) will have studied b) have studied c) had been studying
2. I … never … such a beautiful flower before.
a) have … seen b) had… seen c) will … see
3. Sue … a bike to school, but now she walks.
a) used to ride b) was used to ride c) was using to ride
4. We … probably … our work tonight.
a) had … finished b) are … finishing c) will … finish
5. She … the room all morning and felt exhausted.
a) cleans b) has cleaned c) had been cleaning
6. John … many questions! He is so boring.
a) has always been asked b) always asked c) is always asking
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7. What were you doing when the lecture … ?
a) started b)start c) was starting
8. Danny won’t phone us until he … more details about the event.
a) had b) has c) will have
V. Choose the right interrogative forms for the following sentences.
1. The group of businessmen has just arrived from Moscow.

a) Where has the group of businessmen just arrived from?
b) Where the group of businessmen has just arrived from?
c) Where the group of businessmen has arrived just from?
2. I don’t know the traffic rules yet.
a) Who don’t know the traffic rules yet?
b) Who not know the traffic rules yet?
c) Who doesn’t know the traffic rules yet?
3. We met when we both were working abroad.
a) When we met?
b) When did we meet?
c) When did we met?
4. It had been snowing for two days when the sun came out at last.
a) How long it snowed when the sun came out at last?
b) How long it had been snowing when the sun came out at last?
c) How long had it been snowing when the sun came out at last?
5. I’ll see Mr. Brown at the conference anyway.
a) Whom will you see at the conference?
b) Whom do you see at the conference?
c) Whom you will see at the conference?
6. The film was being shown from five until seven yesterday.
a) When the film was being shown?
b) When was the film being shown?
c) When was being the film shown?
7. Assessment tests have recently been introduced.
a) Have assessment tests been recently introduced?
b) Have been assessment tests recently introduced?
c) Have been recently introduced assessment tests?
8. Mum cooked dinner three hours ago.
a) Cooked Mum dinner three hours ago?
b) Did Mum cook dinner three hours ago?
c) Did Mum cooked dinner three hours ago?
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VI. Choose the most suitable translation for the given sentences.
1. Моя дочь говорит по телефону уже 2 часа.
a) My daughter has been talking on the phone for 2 hours already.
b) My daughter was talking on the phone for 2 hours already.
c) My daughter had been talking on the phone for 2 hours already.
2. Вчера я смотрел телевизор в то время, как моя мама готовила
ужин.
a) Yesterday I watched TV while Mum was cooking dinner.
b) Yesterday I was watching TV while Mum was cooking dinner.
c) I watched TV while Mum cooked dinner.
3. Самолет улетает завтра в 6 часов.
a) The plane is flying tomorrow at 6 o’clock.
b) The plane flies tomorrow at 6 o’clock.
c) The plane will fly at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
4. Если ты приедешь днем, мы пойдем в театр.
a) If you come in the afternoon, we will go to the theater.
b) If you will come in the afternoon, we will go to the theater.
c) If you will come in the afternoon, we’re going to the theater.
5. В это время вчера он выступал на конференции.
a) This time yesterday he had made a report at the conference.
b) This time yesterday he made a report at the conference.
c) This time yesterday he was making a report at the conference.
6. Я прочитаю эту книгу к следующему месяцу.
a) I will read this book by the next month.
b) I will have read this book by the next month.
c) I will be reading this book by the next month.
7. Мы будем путешествовать всю следующую неделю.
a) We will be travelling all next week.
b) We are travelling all next week.
c) We will travel all next week.
8. Я обычно немного отдыхаю после работы.
a) I have a little rest after work usually.
b) I usually have a short rest after work.
c) I am usually having a little rest after work.
9. Не шумите! Дети спят.
a) Don’t make a noise! The children are sleeping.
b) Don’t make a noise! The children sleep.
c) Don’t make a noise! The children have been sleeping.
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10. Мы переезжаем в новый дом через месяц.
a) We will have moved into a new house in a month.
b) We will move into a new house in a month.
c) We are moving into a new house in a month.
Test 2
1. Is it Jim? He … so different in this black suit.
a) look b) is looking c) looks
2. We are all here now except Tom who … lunch.
a) has had b) still has c) is still having
3. Mike … to his friend for half an hour now.
a) has talked b) is talking c) has been talking
4. Lily … a lot of classes and now she has to study at night.
a) is missing b) has missed c) have missed
5. You … the keys to the garage.
a) are always losing b) loose always c) have lost always
6. Today grave concern… about the pollution of water, air and soil.
a) has expressed b) is expressed c) expresses
7. The contract on the tractors’ supply …at the Board meeting now.
a) is discussed b) is being discussed c) is discussing
8. We … often … to play for this club.
a) are … invited b) has … invited c) are … inviting

1. It had been raining all day and the roads … very wet.
a) had been b) were c) are
2. When … to take a course on statistics?
a) had she chosen b) has she chosen c) did she choose
3. George was angry. He … for Nora for two hours.
a) was waiting b) had been waiting c) waited
4. The students … their books and did the exercises.
a) were opening b) had opened c) opened
5. It was easy for him to get lost because he … in a big city before.
a) hadn’t been b) wasn’t c) didn’t be
6. Tom … to the teacher while the others … notes.
a) listened; were taking b) was listening; were taking c) was listening; took
7. He … out of the class at yesterday’s Maths lesson.
a) was sent b) sent c) has been sent
8
8. During the whole summer more and more waiters … every week.
a) were employed b) were being employed c) employed

1. She … her translation by 10 o’clock.
a) will finish b) will be finishing c) will have finished
2. This time next week I … on the beech.
a) will sunbathe b) will be sunbathing c) am going to sunbathe
3. They … eighteen next month.
a) will be b) will have been c) shall be
4. When the sun … we … .
a) will come out; starts off b) comes out; will start off
c) will have come out; start off
5. … you …to town to do the shopping today?
a) are … going b) will … go c) shall … go
6. Scientists … a cure for this disease by 2010.
a) will find b) will have found c) will be finding
7. None of the goals in education … quickly and easily.
a) will achieve b) will have achieved c) will be achieved
8. Don’t worry! The letter … by 6 o’clock.
a) is written b) will write c) will have been written

1 We … along the forest road for two hours when we … a house.
a) were walking; have seen b) had walked; saw c) had been walking; saw
2. We … Neil this week, but we … him a couple of weeks ago.
a) haven’t seen; saw b)didn’t see; have seen c) haven’t seen; see
3. I … to the market myself last time but now I don’t remember how to get
there.
a) had got b) got c) get
4. I’m tired, but if you … me strong coffee, I … working.
a) will make , go on b) will make, will go on c) make, will go on
5. Sarah is in her room. She … the piano.
a) play b) plays c) is playing
6. We’ve got the tickets, and tomorrow evening we … to the theater.
a) go b) are going c) will go
7. A through train for Liverpool … in 5 minutes.
a) starts off b) start off c) will start off
8. By this time tomorrow I … already … in Venice.
a) will … arrive b) am … arriving c) will have … arrived
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1. The system of centralized testing has been introduced in order to ensure
national uniformity.
a) Why has been the system of centralized testing introduced?
b) Why has been introduced the system of centralized testing?
c) Why has the system of centralized testing been introduced?
2. The negotiations are being held at the conference hall now.
a) What are being held at the conference hall now?
b) What is being held at the conference hall now?
c) What is held now at the conference hall?
3. Bill remembered about their coming for lunch.
a) Who remembered about their coming for lunch?
b) Who did remember about their coming for lunch?
c) Who remember did about their coming for lunch?
4. The general health state is declining in African countries.
a) Where is declining the general health state?
b) Where the general health state is declining?
c) Where is the general health state declining?
5. When a child she dreamt of going to China.
a) What did she dream of when a child?
b) What she dreamt of when a child?
c) What did dreamt she when a child?
6. The magazine will have been published by September.
a) When will the magazine have been published?
b) When the magazine will have been published?
c) When will the magazine be published?
7. He usually gets up at six o’clock.
a) Does he usually get up at six o’clock?
b) Do he usually get up at six o’clock?
c) Does he usually gets up at six o’clock?
8. Yesterday it was raining heavily unlike today.
a) Was raining it heavily yesterday unlike today?
b) Was it raining heavily yesterday unlike today?
c) Was it yesterday raining heavily unlike today?
1. Мой сын плавает в бассейне уже час.
a) My son has been swimming in the pool for an hour already.
b) My son has already swam in the pool for an hour.
c) My son is swimming in the pool for an hour already.
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2. Вчера мы ужинали в 8 часов.
a) Yesterday we had supper at 8 o’clock.
b) We was having supper at 8 o’clock yesterday.
c) Yesterday at 8 o’clock we were having supper.
3. Концерт начнется в 7 часов. Не опаздывайте!
a) The concert starts at 7 o’clock. Don’t be late!
b) The concert will start at 7 o’clock. Don’t be late!
c) The concert is starting at 7 o’clock. Don’t be late!
4. Если вам понравится это место отдыха, то мы поедем туда в следу-
ющем году.
a) If you’ll like this resort, we’ll go there next year.
b) If you like this resort, we’re going there next year.
c) If you like this resort, we’ll go there next year.
5. В это время завтра мы будем пролетать над Парижем.
a) This time tomorrow we’ll fly over Paris.
b) This time tomorrow we’ll be flying over Paris.
c) This time tomorrow, we are going to fly over Paris.
6. Исследователи закончат свою работу к концу года.
a) The researchers will have finished their work by the end of the year.
b) The researchers will finish the work by the end of the year.
c) The researchers will be finishing their work by the end of the year.
7. Я надеюсь, что вернусь через полчаса.
a) I hope I will be back in half an hour.
b) I’m hoping I’m back in half an hour.
c) I’m hoping I will be back in half an hour.
8. Ты уже посмотрела этот фильм?
a) Did you see this film yet?
b) Did you saw this film yet?
c) Have you seen this film yet?
9. На английском языке говорят во всем мире.
a) English speaks all over the world.
b) English is spoken all over the world.
c) The English language is being spoken over the world.
10. Мы собираемся принять их приглашение.
a) We are accepting their invitation.
b) We’ll accept their invitation.
c) We’re going to accept their invitation.
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Test 3
1. My car is dirty. Who … it?
a) uses b) is using c) has been using
2. “How many exams … he … yet?” “I think, five”.
a) does … pass b) has … passed c) have … passed
3. More and more forests … because of fires.
a) are disappearing b) disappear c) is disappearing
4. I wonder if light … faster than sound.
a) is travelling b) travels c) has travelled
5. The beauty contest … at 8:30 tonight.
a) starts b) is starting c) has started
6. The museum … a large collection of paintings.
a) is owning b) owns c) own
7. Wait a minute! The document…by the secretary at the moment.
a) is typed b) is being typed c) is typing
8. Ecological problems… much attention to nowadays.
a) are paid b) have been paid c) is paid

1. Ruth … early, … her breakfast and left home.
a) rose; had b) had risen; had c) was rising; was having
2. She … an excellent player by the time she finished school.
a) became b) become c) had become
3. The party … by the time I … .
a) had started; arrived b) started; had arrived c) started; have arrived
4. …she …this question yesterday?
a) Did … ask b) Had … asked c) Were … asked
5. I thought that old dress of yours … out.
a) was thrown b) had thrown c) had been thrown
6. The patient … at hospital at 4 o’clock yesterday.
a) was being examined b) was examined c) had been examined
7. We … last year when we were on a trip across Europe.
a) had met b) meet c) met
8. We ... for an hour when we saw a light in the distance.
a) had been walking b) walked c) was walking
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1. At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning I … my son to the dentist’s.
a) will take b) will be taking c) will have taken
2. We … decorating the room before you get back.
3. The bus for Manchester … in 5 minutes.
a) will leave b) is leaving c) leaves
4. “John, … you … the car tonight?” asked Tom.
a) do … use b) will …be using c) will … have used
5. I don’t understand this exercise. …you …me?
a) Do … help b) Are … helping c) Will…help
6. If we don’t hurry, the party … before we get there.
7. Imagine! Next year my Grandpa … lectures at University for 40 years
already.
a) will be giving b) will have given c) will have been giving
8. The applicants … from 2 until 7 tomorrow.
a) will interview b) will be interviewing c) will be interviewed

1. A lot of trees … during the storm last week.
a) blew down b)was blown down c)were blown down
2. How long … she … before she passed the exam ?
a) had … studied b) had … been studying c) has … studied
3. I … hardly … the washing up when suddenly I heard a terrible scream.
a) had … finished b) had … been finishing c) were… finishing
4. When I … the classroom, the students … .
a) were entering; stood up b) entered; stood up
c) entered; was standing up
5. If you … to do it yourself, I … you.
a) will not be able; help b) are not able; will help c) are able; am helping
6. I … what he … about.
a) am not understanding; talk b) doesn’t understand; talks
c) don’t understand; is talking
7. All the teaching material … after the classes start.
a) are provided b) will be provided c) will provide
8. It’s a shame but the mail … yet.
a) isn’t received b) hasn’t been received c) wasn’t received
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V. Choose the right interrogative form for the following sentences.
1. I haven’t seen Mark for weeks.
a) How long you haven’t seen Mark?
b) How long haven’t seen you Mark?
c) How long haven’t you seen Mark?
2. David met her as he was walking to work.
a) When did David met her?
b) When met David her?
c) When did David meet her?
3. The condition of my father’s health is improving day by day.
a) What improves day by day?
b) What is improving day by day?
c) What is improved day by day?
4. We will be using the photocopier for long.
a) What will be you using for long?
b) What will be using you for long?
c) What will you be using for long?
5. People used to work very long hours in those days.
a) Who did use to work very long hours in those days?
b) Who worked very long hours in those days?
c) Who used to work very long hours in those days?
6. The students hoped to be given better assessment for their research
works.
a) What did the students hope to be given better assessment for?
b) What hoped the students to be given better assessment for?
c) What the students did hope to be given better assessment for?
7. Environment research centers are equipped with up-to-date devices.
a) Do environment research centers are equipped with up-to-date devices?
b) Are equipped environment research centers with up-to-date devices?
c) Are environment research centers equipped with up-to-date devices?
8. They did the shopping a couple of days ago.
a) Did they the shopping a couple of days ago?
b) Do they did the shopping a couple of days ago?
c) Did they do the shopping a couple of days ago?
1. Говорят, что он был за границей 5 лет.
a) They say he has been abroad for 5 years.
b) They say he was abroad for 5 years.
c) They say he had been abroad for 5 years.
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2. Я читал Джека Лондона, когда учился в школе.
a) I was reading Jack London when I studied at school.
b) I read Jack London when I studied at school.
c) I read Jack London when I had studied at school.
3. Вчера она купила новый кошелек, так как потеряла свой старый.
a) Yesterday she had bought a new purse because she lost her old one.
b) Yesterday she bought a new purse because she had lost her old one.
c) Yesterday she bought a new purse because she lost her old one.
4. Крис, ты очень груб. Веди себя хорошо!
a) Chris, you are being very rude. Behave yourself!
b) Chris, you is being very rude. Behave yourself!
c) Chris, you have been very rude. Behave yourself!
5. Я уверен, что они выполнят эту работу к 10 сентября.
a) I’m sure they will have done this work by September, 10.
b) I think they will do this work by September, 10.
c) I’m sure they would have done this work by September, 10.
6. Она плохо выглядела, потому что работала без выходных уже
месяц.
a) She looked bad because she works without days-off for a month.
b) She looked bad because she had been working without days-off for a
month.
c) She was looking bad because she worked without days-off for a month.
7. Пока она разговаривала по телефону, дети разбили вазу.
a) While she talked on the phone, the children had broken the vase.
b) While she was talking on the phone, the children breaked the vase.
c) While she was talking on the phone, the children broke the vase.
8. Мы сейчас очень заняты, так как завтра уезжаем.
a) We are very busy now since we are leaving tomorrow.
b) We are being busy now since we will leave tomorrow.
c) We are very busy now since we leave soon.
9. Об этом талантливом актере много говорят.
a) This actor speaks much about his talent.
b) This talented actor is much spoken about.
c) This talented actor is speaking much about.
10. Письмо нашим деловым партнерам еще не отправили.
a) The letter to our business partners wasn’t sent already.
b) The letter to our business partners isn’t sent yet.
c) The letter to our business partners hasn’t been sent yet.
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Test 4
1. What’s the matter? Why … you … at me like that?
a) are … looking b) have … been looking c) do … look
2. Listen! A lovely song … in the next room.
a) plays b) is playing; c) is being played
3. It is clear that the time for action … .
a) has come b) comes c) is coming
4. They … from large families.
a) come b) has come c) is coming
5. How long … on this problem so far?
a) do you work b) have you been working c) are you working
6. It is 7 o’clock now. My brother … for his History class and I … a letter to
you.
a) is preparing, am writing b) has been preparing, am writing
c) is preparing, is writing
7. No matter how long the holiday is, John … he wants a few days more.
a) is always feeling b) always feels c) has felt
8. Highly qualified specialists… at numerous departments and faculties of the
BSU.
a) have been trained b) train c) are trained
1. She was upset because she … to prepare for the test.
a) hadn’t managed b) didn’t manage c) managed
2. … you nervous before a test yesterday?
a) Was b) Had been c) Were
3. What … he … to you when you were in his office?
a) had … said b) did … say c) was … said
4. He was dizzy. He … on the computer all night.
a) was worked b) worked c) had been working
5. John … an economic book while Ted … some magazines.
a) was reading; was looking through b) read; was looking through
c) had been reading; looked through
6. The boy has received two letters from his parents since the time he … .
a) arrived b) had arrived c) was arrived
7. He learnt that the land of Belarus … by Napoleon’s troops in 1811.
a) was invaded b) invaded c) had been invaded
8. When I came into the Dean’s office, the report of the researchers … .
a) was discussing b) was being discussed c) had been discussed
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1. He … by Monday, so try to get in touch with him earlier if you really want to
speak to him about that.
a) will leave b) will be leaving c) will have left
2. You look so tired! I … tea for you.
a) will make b) will be making c) will have made
3. We are going on holiday to Spain. This time tomorrow we … the warm sea
and sunshine.
a) will enjoy b) will be enjoying c) will have enjoyed
4. The program of the festival … at the students’ meeting next week.
a) will discuss b) will be discussed c) will have been discussed
5. I hope the Minister … by 7 o’clock at Gatwick airport.
a) will have been met b) will met c) will be met
6. I was sure that everything … ready in due time.
a) will have been b) would be c) will be
7. In ten years’ time I expect I … in London.
a) am living b) am going to live c) will be living
8. I’m not sure whether this dress … soon.
a) will be made b) will make c) will have been made

1. I … on this composition for two weeks now.
a) work b) have been working c) am working
2. She … for a better opportunity at the moment.
a) looks b) has looked c) is looking
3. Let’s look at the time table! The lesson … at 10 o’clock.
a) starts b) is starting c) start
4. As soon as I … there, I … you know about it by sending an e-mail.
a) will arrive, let b) arrive, will let c) shall arrive, lets
5. Greg, you … exhausted. What … you … all day?
a) look; have … been doing b) have looked; are … doing
c) looks; have … done
6. I … a lovely message from Peter saying that he’s going to marry.
a) have had b) am having c) has
7. He … drive to Oxford five days a week.
a) had to b) has c) has to
8. “We … to send the documents by next Friday”, said Pauline.
a) were asked b) have been asked c) had been asked
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V. Choose the right interrogative form for the following sentences.
1. Please, be quite! You are making so much noise.
a) Who are making so much noise?
b) Who is making so much noise?
c) Who makes so much noise?
2. There are so many unusual flowers in the garden!
a) What is there in the garden?
b) What are there in the garden?
c) What are in the garden?
3. A new course on the modern art for the next term was being discussed
yesterday.
a) When the course on the modern art for the next term was being
discussed?
b) When was the course on the modern art for the next term being
discussed?
c) When did the course on the modern art for the next term being discussed?
4. The Clarksons like spending ski holidays in the Alps.
a) Where like the Clarksons spending ski holidays?
b) Where are the Clarksons like spending ski holidays?
c) Where do the Clarksons like spending ski holidays?
5. He used to smoke 30 cigarettes a day.
a) How many cigarettes a day did he used to smoke?
b) How many cigarettes a day used he to smoke?
c) How many cigarettes a day did he use to smoke?
6. My children have been away for five months already.
a) Who had been away for five months already?
b) Who have been away for five months already?
c) Who has been away for five months already?
7. Poor Chris! He broke the leg when he was on holiday in Russia last
year.
a) Broke Chris the leg when he was on holiday in Russia last year?
b) Did Chris break the leg when he was on holiday in Russia last year?
c) Did Chris broke the leg when he was on holiday in Russia last year?
8. He was delivering a lecture at the BSU at 8 o’clock yesterday.
a) Was he delivering a lecture at the BSU at 8 o’clock yesterday?
b) Did he deliver a lecture at the BSU at 8 o’clock yesterday?
c) Was delivering he a lecture at the BSU at 8 o’clock yesterday?
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1. Ее телефон звонит уже 10 минут. Почему она не отвечает?
a) Her phone has been ringing for 10 minutes already. Why doesn’t she
answer?
b) Her phone is ringing during 10 minutes Why doesn’t she answer?
c) Her phone has rung for 10 minutes already. Why didn’t she answer?
2. Завтра вечером он будет готовить доклад об истории Великобри
тании.
a) Tomorrow evening he’ll prepare a report on the history of Great Britain.
b) Tomorrow evening he’ll be preparing a report on the history of Great
Britain.
c) Tomorrow evening he’s preparing a report on the history of Great
Britain.
3. Когда они приезжают в Брайтон в командировку?
a) When do they arrive in Brighton for a business trip?
b) When shall they arrive in Brighton for a business trip?
c) When are they arriving in Brighton for a business trip?
4. Она спала уже 2 часа, когда мы возвратились.
a) She had been sleeping for 2 hours already when we came back.
b) She had slept for 2 hours when we came back.
c) She was already sleeping for 2 hours when we came back.
5. У меня много дел, а ты постоянно отвлекаешь меня!
a) You always bother me! I’ve got so much to do.
b) You have been bothering always me. I’ve got so much to do.
c) You are always bothering me! I’ve got so much to do.
6. Не забудь взять цветы, когда пойдешь навестить Хейзэл.
a) Don’t forget to take the flowers when you go to see Hazel.
b) Don’t forget to take the flowers when you will go to see Hazel.
c) Don’t forget to take the flowers when you were going to see Hazel.
7. Трейси думает, что они будут ждать нас в 5 часов на остановке.
a) Tracie think that they will wait for us at 5 o’clock at the bus stop.
b) Tracie thinks they are waiting for us at 5 o’clock at the bus stop.
c) Tracie thinks that they will be waiting for us at 5 o’clock at the bus stop.
8. Я читал книгу, когда он вошел.
a) I read a book when he came in.
b) I was reading a book when he came in.
c) I read a book when he was coming in.
9. Идет дождь. Не забудь взять зонтик.
a) It is raining. Don’t forget to take an umbrella.
b) It has been raining. Don’t forget to take an umbrella.
c) It rains. Don’t forget to take an umbrella.
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10. Он сказал, что они работали над этим проектом 3 года.
a) He says that they had worked on this draft for 3 years.
b) He said that they were working on that draft during 3 years.
c) He said that they had been working on that draft for 3 years.
Test 5
1. Everybody knows that education … children for life.
a) prepares b) prepare c) is preparing
2. He… always… books from me! Doesn’t he have his own?
a) does … borrow b) is … borrowing c) has … borrowed
3. “I’m tired. I … for 5 hours already”, said Tom.
a) am driving b) drive c) have been driving
4. In our country we … lessons at most of schools on Saturday.
a) are having b) have c) has
5. How long … you … Alison, the girl which lives next door?
a) do … know b) are … known c) have … known
6. The dinner is served but the children … outside
a) still play b) have still been playing c) are still playing
7 Along with rare books, the latest scientific editions…at the exhibition.
a) are being shown b) is being shown c) shows
8. Tonight’s football match…as some players are suffering food poisoning.
a) has cancelled b) is being cancelled c) has been cancelled

1. Brenda … here for a year before she entered the University.
a) worked b) was working c) had been working
2. This time yesterday morning he … to work
a) was driving b) drove c) had driven
3. I … my breakfast by the time the others … .
a) had, were waking up b) was having, woke up c) had had, woke up
4. It … for two days when suddenly the sun … .
a) was raining, came out b) rained, was coming out
c) had been raining, came out
5. Neil … TV while Leon … the piano.
a) watched, had been playing b) was watching, was playing
c) had watched, played
6. Yesterday the teacher …to explain past tenses to the students .
a) started b)was started c) had started
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7. They … dinner when suddenly somebody … at the door.
a) had, had knocked b) had had, was knocking c) were having, knocked
8. When the President of the company came into the office, the contract … .
a) was being discussed b) was discussed c) discussed

1. I can’t see you on Thursday afternoon. I … my granny.
a) will visit b) am visiting c) visit
2. Leave the car here. Perhaps the police … it.
a) won’t notice b) will not have noticed c) are not noticing
3. I hope that by the time we reach home, the rain … .
a) is stopping b) will stop c) will have stopped
4. When you get to the station, I … for you outside.
a) will wait b) will be waiting c) will have waited
5. This time next week I … on the golden beach in Spain.
a) will be lying b) will lie c) am lying
6. When I … you tomorrow, I … you the latest news.
a) will see, will tell b) will see, tell c) see, will tell
7. I’m sure you … this film. It is a box office hit.
a) will enjoy b) will have enjoyed c) are going to enjoy
8. We believe that some agreement … soon.
a) will be arrived at b) will arrive at c) is arriving at

1. While the journalist … to the students, the teacher entered the room.
a) talk b) was talking c) have been talking
2. … to the store? If you are, can you buy an ice-cream for me, please?
a) Are you going b) Have you gone c) Do you go
3. We don’t know yet if the timetable … tomorrow.
a) has been changed b) will be changed c) is changed
4. Jake knew something very strange … in his own house.
a) was going on b) is going on c) had gone on
5. I wasn’t sure if the food … in time.
a) would be delivered b) is delivered c) would deliver
6. The crops … by the season of rains.
a) will harvest b) will be harvested c) will have been harvested
7. He … the ball hard and this time it … into the back of the net.
a) hit, flew b) hits, flew c) hit, flies
8. I … my friend’s mobile phone because I … mine at home.
a) was using, had left b) was using, has left c) had used, left
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1. My neighbours went on holiday to Paris last year.
a) Who did went on holiday to Paris last year?
b) Who went on holiday to Paris last year?
c) Who did go on holiday to Paris last year?
2. There are a lot of sights in this part of London.
a) What are there in this part of London?
b) What is there in this part of London?
c) What there are in this part of London?
3. Tom and his friends have already had a football match on the school
pitch.
a) Have Tom and his friends had a football match on the school pitch yet?
b) Did Tom and his friends had a football match on the school pitch yet?
c) Had Tom and his friends had a football match on the school pitch yet?
4. The beautiful fountain is being built in the town center now.
a) Is the beautiful fountain being built in the town center now?
b) Is being the beautiful fountain built in the town center now?
c) Does the beautiful fountain being built in the town center now?
5. I will have done half a way by tonight.
a) What will have done you by tonight?
b) What will have you done by tonight?
c) What will you have done by tonight?
6. Bill Gates established the Microsoft company in 1957.
a) When established Bill Gates the Microsoft company?
b) When did Bill Gates established the Microsoft company?
c) When did Bill Gates establish the Microsoft company?
7. Yesterday at 10 o’clock Jane was having a swim in the nearby pool.
a) Where was Jane having a swim at 10 o’clock yesterday?
b) Where was having Jane a swim at 10 o’clock yesterday?
c) Where Jane was having a swim at 10 o’clock yesterday?
8. I have too little time left to complete the decoration of the house by
myself.
a) Do you have too little time left to complete the decoration of the house by
yourself?
b) Have you too little time left to complete the decoration of the house by
yourself?
c) Has you too little time left to complete the decoration of the house by
yourself?
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1. Все эти дни он много работал.

a) He works hard all these days.
b) He is working hard all these days.
c) He has been working hard all these days.
2. Дождь шел уже полчаса, когда я вышел из дома.
a) It was raining half an hour when I went out.
b) It rained half an hour when I went out.
c) It had been raining for half an hour when I went out.
3. Я полагаю, что он примет решение до собрания.
a) I suppose that he will have made a decision before the meeting.
b) I suppose that he’ll be making a decision before the meeting.
c) I suppose he’ll make a decision before the meeting.
4. Она стояла на платформе до тех пор, пока поезд не скрылся из
виду.
a) She was standing on the platform until the train disappeared from view.
b) She had been standing on the platform until the train disappeared from
view.
c) She stood on the platform until the train had disappeared from view.
5. Завтра в это время мы будем пересекать Ла-Манш на пароме.
a) This time tomorrow we’ll be going by ferry across the English Channel.
b) This time tomorrow we’ll go across the English Channel by ferry.
c) This time tomorrow we are going across the English Channel by ferry.
6. Поспеши, кто-то ждет тебя в холле.
a) Hurry up! Somebody is waiting for you in the hall.
b) Hurry up! Somebody has been waiting for you in the hall.
c) Hurry up! Somebody waits for you in the hall.
7. Чем он занимается? – Он художник.
a) What is he doing? – He’s an artist.
b) What does he do? – He’s an artist.
c) What he does? – He’s an artist.
8. Наша группа сдает экзамен по топологии в пятницу в 8 часов.
a) Our group is having an exam in topology on Friday at 8 o’clock.
b) Our group will have an exam in topology at 8 o’clock on Friday.
с) Our group has an exam in topology on Friday at 8 o’clock.
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9. Я возвращался домой, когда начался дождь.
a) I was coming back home when it started raining.
b) I came back home when it started raining.
c) I was coming back home when it was starting raining.
10. Я рекомендую его как хорошего специалиста, так как знаю его уже
10 лет.
a) I recommend him as a good specialist since I know him for 10 years.
b) I recommend him as a good specialist since I have known him for 10
years.
c) I recommend him as a good specialist since I have been knowing him for
10 years.
Modal Verbs
Test 1
I. Fill in the correct modal verb.

1. She … be Italian with a name like Smith!
a) may b) can c) can’t d) might
2. Someone’s at the door. – That … be Joan.
a) can b) shall c) needn’t d) will
3. You … have been crazy to do something as dangerous as that.
a) could b) might c) must d) may
4. He … have been the murderer because he has an excellent alibi.
a) mustn’t b) shan’t c) can’t d) may
5. I … not be able to come, so don’t wait for me.
a) might b) could c) can d) should
6. It … be cold tomorrow.
a) may b) must c) should d) have to
7. Who … have done such a terrible thing?
a) should b) could c) has to d) may
8. We … have been ready hours ago.
a) can b) may c) might d) should
9. He … have been the one who started the fire but we’re not really sure.
a) can b) ought to c) could d) can
10. You … make less noise while other people are asleep.
a) shall b) should c) would d) will
11. You … be a member of the library before you can borrow books.
a) need b) must c) may d) might
12. The rain went on and on. It … stop.
a) won’t b) wouldn’t c) shouldn’t d) couldn’t
II. Complete the sentences using

a) must b) mustn’t c) have to d) will have to
1. Julie is trying to train her dog: You … sit when I tell you to!
2. The teacher who is speaking to the students: You … try to talk to each other
during the exam.
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3. The doctor to a nurse, about a patient with a bad heart: He … stay in bed for
several weeks.
4. Mr Wilson phones his wife at 6 pm: I’m afraid I’m going to be late. I … finish
some letters.
5. The immigration officer notices that a traveller hasn’t signed his new passport:
You … sign it as soon as you get it.
6. Mr Wilson explains why he is taking a pill: I … take these pills for my blood
pressure.
7. Mrs Wilson is offering more cake to a guest at a tea party: You … have some
more cake.
8. Stephen has hurt his knee playing football: The doctor says I … play for three
weeks.
III. Find the Russian equivalents for the following English sentences.
1. Ann was able to swim across the river although it was very wide.
a) Анна должна была переплыть эту реку, хотя она и очень широкая.
b) Анна смогла переплыть эту реку, хотя она и была очень широкая.
c) Вероятно, Анна переплыла эту реку, хотя она очень широкая.
2. If she practices, she’ll be able to play Chopin.
a) Возможно, она сыграла Шопена после того, как смогла позаниматься.
b) Если она упражняется, то играет Шопена хорошо.
c) Если она поупражняется, то сможет сыграть Шопена.
3. You could have done it better!
a) Ты можешь сделать это лучше.
b) Ты смог сделать это лучше.
c) Ты бы мог сделать это лучше.
4. She could play the piano from the age of five.
a) Ей разрешали играть на пианино с пяти лет.
b) Она могла играть на пианино с пяти лет.
c) Она должна была играть на пианино с пяти лет.
5. Visitors are allowed to use the car park.
a) Возможно, гости пользуются этой парковкой.
b) Гостям разрешают пользоваться этой парковкой.
c) Гости привыкли пользоваться этой парковкой.
6. They can’t have bought a new house!
a) Они не могут купить новый дом.
b) Возможно, они не купили новый дом.
c) Не может быть, чтобы они купили новый дом.
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7. Those who can, do; those who can’t, teach.
a) Кто может сделать, научите тех, кто не может.
b) Тот, кто сделал это, не может научить других.
c) Кто может – тот делает, а кто не может – учит (поучает).
8. In spite of being good at physics, I don’t think I’ll be able to pass the
exam.
a) Несмотря на то, что я разбираюсь в физике, я не уверен, что смогу
сдать экзамен.
b) С какой стати я не сдам экзамен, если я хорошо разбираюсь в
физике.
c) Возможно, я не сдам экзамен, так как не разбираюсь в физике.
IV. Find the appropriate modal verb which can be used in the given
function.
1. … I ask you to do me a favour?
making request
a) shall b) could c) must
2. You … register for the exam until the end of March.
giving permission
a) may b) shall c) will
3. … I go by car or by train?
asking for advice
a) can b) should c) ought to
4. … I help you clear the table?
making offer
a) ought to b) may c) shall
5. You … borrow my car tonight because I need it.
refusing permission
a) can’t b) shouldn’t c) couldn’t
6. We … hire a video and stay in tonight.
making suggestion
a) will b) could c) might
7. You … have taken the car without asking me.
criticism
a) can’t b) shan’t c) shouldn’t
8. … you like a lift to the airport?
making offer
a) will b) would c) could
9. You … to have revised a bit more.
giving advice
a) ought b) would c) shall
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10. She … have been in France last year.
certainty negative
a) may not b) must not c) couldn’t
V. Fill in the sentences using the modals

a) could b) couldn’t c) was/were able to.
Stephen was able to climb the mountain, but Julie couldn’t do that without his
help.
Stephen and Julie were spending a few days camping with some friends in
Snowdonia. On a climb, there was a difficult section. Stephen has long arms,
and __1__ climb this easily, but Julie is not so tall and __2__ reach the hold. In
the end, she __3__ reach it by standing on her friend’s shoulders. “Never mind”
he said. “I __4__ get up this bit the first time I tried.” The rest of the climb was
easier, and they __5__ reach the top by 12 o’clock. It was warm and sunny, and
they __6__ see the whole of Snowdonia.
VI. Fill in the blanks with

a) had to b) didn’t have to c) needn’t have.
Carla and Alev had a class at 9 o’clock. Carla left at 8.30 and Alev left at
8.50.
Alev __1__ run all the way, while Carla __2__ hurry at all. Actually, Alev
__3__ run, as the teacher was 10 minutes late! At lunchtime, they went to a
cafeteria. There was a long queue, and they were late back for the afternoon
class. “We __4__ wait for ages to be served”, Carla explained. “You __5__
waited at all,” another student said. “I went to that new cafeteria in the square,
and __6__ wait more than a minute.”
Test 2
1. It … be weeks before the building is actually finished.
a) must b) would c) ought to d) could
2. You … even have lost your job by then, who knows?
a) should b) may c) can d) will
3. It … be a good movie - the reviews have been very good.
a) can’t b) should c) could have d) must have
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4. That … be Tim coming home now. Go and open the door for him, will you?
a) will b) can c) ought d) shall
5. Things … have been worse - everything seemed to be going wrong at once.
a) shouldn’t b) couldn’t c) mustn’t d) may
6. … I speak to the manager, please?
a) shall b) would c) could d) must
7. They … have brought us a bouquet of flowers for our anniversary, but it was
very kind.
a) needn’t b) couldn’t c) mightn’t d) didn’t need to
8. You … clean the floor. I’ve done it.
a) mustn’t b) needn’t c) couldn’t d) can’t
9. It’s five o’clock. He … to be here by now.
a) ought b) mustn’t c) needn’t d) had
10. On Saturdays I … come to the office for a couple of hours.
a) have to b) can’t c) should d) might
11. If you want to get a better job, you … get some more qualifications?
a) are able to b) are allowed to c) may d) should
12. Jane … be her daughter. They are nearly the same age.
a) can’t b) mustn’t c) doesn’t have to d) needn’t
13. It took a long time, but I … repair the car.
a) could b) managed to c) might d) had got to
14. When I was eighteen we … two years in the army.
a) had to do b) must have done c) may have done d) should do
II. Choose the most appropriate sentence for each situation.

1. Yesterday was payday. I don’t believe you’re short of money already.
a) You shouldn’t have spent all your pay already.
b) You mustn’t have spent all your pay already.
c) You can’t have spent all your pay already.
2. It was Linda’s suggestion to go for a meal. Surely she doesn’t think I’m
going to pay for it all?
a) She can think I’m going to pay for it all.
b) She can’t think I’m going to pay for it all.
c) She must think I’m going to pay for it all.
3. George has been engaged to Kay for three months. Today he received a
box with the engagement ring in it and all his letters to her.
a) Kay may have changed her mind about marrying him.
b) Kay ought to have changed her mind about marrying him.
c) Kay must have changed her mind about marrying him.
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4. When Tina got back home, she couldn’t find her purse. Perhaps a
pickpocket stole it.
a) A pickpocket can’t have stolen it.
b) A pickpocket may have stolen it.
c) A pickpocket should have stolen it.
5. Isobel said she was short of money, but she’s just moved into a new flat!
Her uncle owns property in this area.
a) She can be renting it from him.
b) She should rent it from him.
c) She must be renting it from him.
6. This parcel is making a ticking noise. Don’t open it! I’m sure it’s a bomb.
a) It can’t be a bomb!
b) It must be a bomb!
c) It may be a bomb!
7 I don’t know who would send me an alarm clock for a present. My brother
sometimes plays practical jokes on people, so perhaps it’s from him.
a) It must have been sent by my brother.
b) It can have been sent by my brother.
c) It may have been sent by my brother.
8. Anna’s always such a punctual person. The meeting started half an hour
ago but she’s not here. I know the traffic’s very bad this morning.
a) She could have been held up in the traffic.
b) She must have been held up in the traffic.
c) She may have been held up in the traffic.
III. Complete the following news items by choosing a, b or c.

Two schoolgirls, who were sent home for wearing make-up, __1__ miss their
university entrance examinations if they __2__ return to school next week. “If
the girls __3__ take these exams,” complained one parent, “they __4__ go to
university. I know they broke the school rules, but the headmaster is being un-
reasonable.” The headmaster, James Craig, said, “The girls knew they __5__
wear make-up, but they did. However, if they are prepared to apologise, I __6__
consider letting them return.”
1. a) could b) will be able to c) can
2. a) will be able to b) aren’t allowed to c) may not
3. a) can’t b) might not c) couldn’t
4. a) won’t be able to b) won’t be allowed to c) may
5. a) are not allowed to b) are able to c) weren’t allowed to
6. a) may b) must c) have got to
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IV. Find the Russian equivalent for the following English sentences.
1. You can’t have lived in Tunisia for ten years without learning some
Arabic.
a) Вы, должно быть, жили в Тунисе десять лет и не изучили арабский.
b) Возможно, вы жили в Тунисе десять лет, не изучая арабский.
c) Не может быть, чтобы вы жили десять лет в Тунисе, не выучив
арабский.
2. You must know Tokyo is expensive if you've lived there.
a) Вам следует знать, что Токио дорогой город, если вы жили там.
b) Наверняка вы знаете, что Токио дорогой город, если жили там.
c) Может быть вы знаете, что Токио дорогой город, если жили там.
3. You must have met some fascinating people during your trip to Africa.
a) Вероятно, вы познакомились с какими-нибудь удивительными людь-
ми во время вашей поездки в Африку.
b) Чего ради вы знакомились с удивительными людьми во время вашей
поездки в Африку?
c) Вы могли бы и познакомиться с какими-нибудь удивительными
людьми во время вашей поездки в Африку.
4. You can't be tired when you've just had a holiday.
a) Должно быть, вы не чувствуете усталости, так как только что верну-
лись из отпуска.
b) Вы не можете быть усталым, только что вернувшись из отпуска.
c) Возможно, вы устали от проведенного отпуска.
5. You must be exhausted after all your hard work.
a) Вам не следует так много работать, чтобы не чувствовать себя таким
измученным.
b) Возможно, вы изнурены тяжелой работой.
c) Вероятно, вы изнурены после всей вашей напряженной работы.
6. You may find it difficult to settle down after touring the world for
years.
a) Возможно, вам трудно обосноваться где-то после долгих лет стран-
ствий по миру.
b) Наверняка, вам трудно обустроиться в одном месте после долгих лет
странствий по миру.
c) Вам следует обосноваться где-либо, хотя вы и путешествовали дол-
гие годы по свету.
V. Two possible paraphrases are given after each sentence below. Decide
which is the correct one.
1. No one can drive faster than 30 miles an hour in towns.
a) No one has the skill to drive faster than 30 miles an hour in towns.
b) No one has permission to drive faster than 30 miles an hour in towns.
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2. I couldn’t walk until I was a year and a half old.
a) I did not have permission to walk until I was a year and a half old.
b) I did not learn the skill of walking until I was a year and a half old.
3. Stephen should pass his exams.
a) It is probable that Stephen will pass his exams.
b) Stephen has an obligation to pass his exams.
4. Will you answer the phone?
a) Are you going, in the future, to answer the phone?
b) I request that you answer the phone.
5. You should wear glasses.
a) My advice is that you wear glasses.
b) There is a probability that you will wear glasses.
6. I couldn’t start my car this morning.
a) I did not have permission to start my car this morning.
b) I did not manage to start my car this morning.
VI. Determine the most appropriate modal verb for each request in order of
politeness:
a) Could, you possibly… d) Can you…
b) Will you… e) Could you…
c) Would you…
1. The air-conditioner won’t work.
“Oh, excuse me. … send an electrician to our room? The air-conditioner isn’t
working. There must be something wrong with it.”
2. It wasn’t possible to open the window.
“I’m afraid it’s me again. … help us to open the window. It must be stuck.
3. The shower flooded the whole bathroom.
“Look, our bathroom is full of water – the shower can’t have been properly
installed. … send a plumber up as soon as possible?”
4. There was a lot of noise from below in the middle of the night.
“Look here, we can’t sleep because of the noise coming from the room below
ours. … tell them to stop it at once? They must be having a party.”
5. Next morning, Mona found a half-eaten sandwich in a drawer.
“Look here, what kind of a hotel is this? Our room can’t have been cleaned
before we arrived. … send someone up to clean it straightaway!”
VII. Find the correct variant to complete the situations.
1. I don’t have a good ear for music and my English is bad.
a) I couldn’t sing English songs.
b) I am not able to sing English songs.
c) I can’t to sing English songs.
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2. I have travelled far and wide. The sights I’ve seen in some countries are
amazing.
a) I would like my son to can travel more.
b) I will like my son to travel more.
c) I would like my son to travel more.
3. If he wants to do postgraduate work,
a) he ought to work harder.
b) he should to work harder.
c) he must to work harder.
4. I was afraid I wouldn’t be able to get through my exam on Monday.
a) I had to stay up all night revising the course.
b) I must stay up all night revising the course.
c) I should stayed up all night revising the course.
5. I admire your decision to go and work in Calcutta, but
a) your journey there must to have been exhausting.
b) your journey there must have been exhausting
c) your journey there must have being exhausting.
Test 3
1. ... I borrow your pen? Mine doesn’t work.
a) Needn’t b) Can c) Ought
2. I … go to the bank. I haven’t got any money.
a) must b) mustn’t c) may
3. Lizzie … spell her name before she was three.
a) might b) could c) must
4. … you help me with the shopping, please?
a) Must b) Shall c) Will
5. You … go to the post office. I’ll go later.
a) needn’t b) might c) must
6. You … to study hard for your exams.
a) have b) can’t c) should
7. You … to be at work by nine o’clock.
a) must b) should c) are
8. No reporters … approach the scene of the accident.
a) might have b) were allowed to c) needn’t
9. We … phone Mary. It’s her birthday today.
a) needn’t b) ought to c) are able to
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10. What time … I pick you up from work?
a) mustn’t b) will c) shall
II. Find the modal verb which can’t be used in the given function.
1. You … go to the cinema.
giving permission
a) will b) may c) can
2. You … have any sweets.
refusing permission
a) can’t b) don’t have to c) mustn’t
3. … go for a walk?
making a suggestion
a) Shall we b) Let’s c) Could we
4. … stay at Paul’s house tonight, please?
asking for permission
a) Am I allowed to b) Could I c) Am I able to
5. You … have worked harder.
expressing criticism
a) ought to b) might c) should
6. You … talk in the library.
expressing prohibition
a) mustn’t b) can’t c) may not
III. Complete the following sentences by choosing the modals which make
sense in the context.
Various reasons __1__ be found for the rapid destruction of tropical forests: a
particular country __2__ need more land to grow food; its economy __3__
depend on the export of wood; or the government __4__ have begun a road or
railway-building project without considering the effects on the environment.
The power of multi-national companies __5__ become an important factor, too.
Whatever the reasons, the results are easy to predict – many types of animal
__6__ disappear, and large areas of land __7__ become deserts, as the soil is
exhausted. In the long term this __8__ lead to a serious reduction of oxygen in
the earth’s atmosphere. There is no doubt that the thoughtless destruction of
tropical rain forests __9__ be stopped before it is too late.
1. a) need b) can c) have got to

2. a) has to b) may c) should
3. a) may b) ought to c) can’t
4. a) could b) may not c) can
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5. a) can b) is able to c) needn’t
6. a) must b) have to c) are allowed to
7. a) shouldn’t b) could c) are to
8. a) could b) should c) has to
9. a) must b) might c) doesn’t have to
IV. Choose the appropriate modals for the following Russian words to complete
the regulations for foreigners:
a) must b) mustn’t c) needn’t
1. You нельзя bring animals into Britain.
2. You нужно have a passport.
3. You необходимо have a visa if you want to stay a long time.
4. You не нужно have a visa if you are from an EEC (Common Market)
country.
5. You необходимо declare any restricted goods at the customs.
6. You не нужно declare cigarettes up to a certain limit.
7. You нельзя take guns into Britain.
8. You должны drive on the left.
9. You не нужно stop at pedestrian crossings unless someone is on them.
10. You не должны use the horn on your car except in an emergency.
V. Find the right sentences.

1. a) He should to exercise regularly.
b) He should exercise regularly.
c) He should exercises regularly.
2. a) You must study very hard last week.
b) You must studied very hard last week.
c) You had to study very hard last week.
3. a) Although he didn't feel well yesterday, he was able finish his work.
b) Although he didn't feel well yesterday, he was able to finish his work.
c) Although he didn't feel well yesterday, he could finish his work.
4. a) Might this letter be from my friend?
b) Is this letter may be from my friend?
c) Must this letter be from my friend?
5. a) “Could you lend me some money?” “Of course I could.”
b) “Could you lend me some money?” “Of course I can.”
c) “Could you lend me some money?” “Of course I will.”
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VI. Choose the most appropriate modal verb for each request:
a) Will you c) Could you possibly e) Could you
b) Can you d) Would you f) was wondering if you could
1. Ernie and Mona were very polite: “Excuse me, … bring us a bottle of water
and two glasses?”
2. Later, Ernie was annoyed by someone smoking in the non-smoking section.
He asked the stewardess: “Excuse me, … ask that man to stop smoking?”
3. The man who was smoking was less polite: “ … get me a cup of coffee,
love?”
4. When the stewardess asked him to stop smoking, he said: “ … tell him he can
move to another seat if he doesn’t like my smoke!”
5. When they were about to land, there was an announcement over the intercom:
“Ladies and gentlemen, we shall shortly be landing at Heathrow Airport. …
please extinguish your cigarettes and fasten your seat belts.”
VII. Choose the right translation for each Russian sentence.

1. Не может быть, чтобы он сказал это.
a) Can he have said it?
b) He can’t have said it.
c) Could he have said it?
2. С таким же успехом вы можете подождать до вторника и уехать
скорым поездом.
a) You might just as well wait till Tuesday and go on the fast train.
b) You must just as well wait till Tuesday and go on the fast train.
c) You should just as well wait till Tuesday and go on the fast train.
3. Должно быть, профессор Браун сейчас экзаменует студентов.
a) Professor Brown must be examining the students now.
b) Professor Brown must have examined the students already.
c) Professor Brown may be examining the students now.
4. Она была рада, что не нужно идти туда вновь.
a) She was glad she didn’t have to go there again.
b) She was glad she needn’t have gone there.
c) She is glad she doesn’t have to go there again.
5. Мы условились встретиться в половине седьмого.
a) We are to meet at half past six.
b) We must meet at half past six.
c) We were to meet at half past six.
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Test 4

1. “You ... pay the bills today.” “I know. I promise I won’t forget.”
a) would b) shall c) must
2. “… we go to the beach tomorrow?” “Yes. That’s a great idea.”
a)Shall b) Mustn’t c) Would
3. “I’m going to the cinema. Do you want to come with me?” “No, thank you.
I … do my homework.”
a) could b) would c) have to
4. “You … put that shirt in the washing machine.” “I know. It has to be dry-
cleaned.”
a) must b) mustn't c) couldn't
5. “Was your suitcase very heavy?” “Yes, but I … carry it by myself.”
a) was able to b) can't c) ought to
6. “ … you drive?” “Yes, but I haven't got my own car.”
a) Might b) Should c) Can
7. “I … ride a bicycle until I was eight.” “Neither could I.”
a) couldn't b) could c) can't
8. “ … you open the door for me, please?” “Yes, certainly.”
a) Shall b) Must c) Would
9. “Ben had a hard time trying to find the leak in the pipe.” “But he … stop it,
wasn't he?”
a) was allowed to b) was able to c) could
10. “I saw Tina in town last night.” “You … have seen her. She's on holiday in
Spain.”
a) wouldn’t b) could c) can’t
11. “Where's Colin?” “I'm not sure. He … be in the study.”
a) might b) will c) ought to
12. “I feel very tired today.” “You … have stayed up so late last night.”
a) shouldn't b) could c) might
13. “Did you phone Alan yesterday?” “No, I … . He came round to see me.”
a) didn't need to b) mustn’t c) have to
14. “ … you give me a lift to work tomorrow?” “Yes. I'll pick you up at eight o'
clock.”
a) May b) Shall c) Will
15. “ … I help you, madam?” “Yes, I'm looking for the manager.”
a) Would b) Must c) Сan
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II. Fill in the blanks with the modals:
a) can c) must e) needn’t
b) can’t d) mustn’t f) have to
1. Is Jason at work today? – He … be. His car isn’t in the car park.
2. I can’t do my German homework. It’s too difficult. – I’ll help you. I …
speak German.
3. I’m going to watch television. – All right, but you … stay up too late.
4. We … book a taxi to take us to the airport. – I’ll do it now.
5. I didn’t know Rachel was in the choir. – Oh yes. She … sing beautifully.
6. Shall I cook dinner tonight? – No, you … . We’re going to a restaurant.
7. Has Tim bought a car yet? – He … have bought it. I saw him on the bus
yesterday.
8. She … be very rich. – Yes. She’s got a huge house and an expensive car.
9. I did the washing-up for you. – Oh, you … have done that, but it was kind
of you.
10. Would you like to come to my party on Saturday night? – I’d like to, but
Mum says I … visit my grandparents.
III. Find the modal verb which cannot be used in the given function.
1. Sally … invite us to her party.
expressing possibility
a) must b) could c) might
2. They … be lost.
expressing a positive logical assumption
a) might b) must c) should
3. You … do your homework before you go out.
expressing obligation
a) should b) must c) can
4. She … be older than me.
expressing a negative logical assumption
a) may not b) can’t c) couldn’t
5. Steve … walk. He’s broken his leg.
expressing lack of ability
a) doesn’t have to b) can’t c) is not able to
6. … I paint the fence for you?
making an offer
a) must b) shall c) could
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IV. Complete these sentences.
1. Don’t spend all your money, … ?
a) shall you b) will you c) can you
2. Going to town can be expensive, … ?
a) can it b) can’t it c) could it
3. People shouldn’t spend all their money on clothes, … ?
a) should people b) shouldn’t people c) should they
4. Banks must be pretty boring places to work in, … ?
a) must they b) may they c) mustn’t they
5. They had to queue for a long time, … ?
a) hadn’t they b) didn’t they c) did they
6. Let’s stop now, … ?
a) will you b) shall we c) shan’t we
7. You weren’t able to reach him on the phone, … ?
a) could you b) were you c) weren’t you
8. I have to finish the report by tomorrow, … ?
a) do I b) have I c) don’t I
9. You don’t have to work tonight, … ?
a) need you b) do you c) have you
V. Choose the right translation for each Russian sentence.
1. Вероятно, она его хорошо знает.
a) She must know him well
b) She may know him well.
c) She might know him well.
2. Возможно, он опоздает.
a) He should be late.
b) He may be late.
c) He can’t be late.
3. Возможно, он будет поздно работать сегодня вечером.
a) He has to be working late tonight.
b) He must be working late tonight.
c) He could be working late tonight.
4. Наверняка, она будет работать завтра.
a) She should be working tomorrow.
b) She must be working tomorrow.
c) She might be working tomorrow.
5. Он не мог знать правду.
a) He was not able to know the truth.
b) He couldn’t know the truth.
c) He can't have known the truth.
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6. Возможно, они опоздали на автобус.
a) They might have missed the bus.
b) They must have missed the bus.
c) They would have missed the bus.
7. Может быть он потерялся.
a) He was able to get lost.
b) He may have got lost.
c) He ought to have get lost.
8. Должно быть он спал.
a) He might have been sleeping.
b) He could have been sleeping.
c) He must have been sleeping.
9. Возможно, она лгала.
a) She must have been lying.
b) She had to be lying.
c) She may have been lying.
10. Вероятно, они прятались.
a) They could have been hiding.
b) They can have been hiding.
c) They must have been hiding.
Test 5
1. At the moment Mr Wilson can’t write complicated programs, but soon he …
write them quite well.
a) can b) will be able to c) will be allowed to d) must
2. Would you mind buying me a coffee? I … have left my money in my other
coat.
a) should b) ought to c) must d)could
3. It … be snowing. It’s the middle of July.
a) mustn’t b) can’t c) needn’t d) doesn’t need to
4. I’d like to buy a new house. It … be in the village, but it must be on a bus
route.
a) mustn’t b) shouldn’t c) needn’t d) ought not to
5. How long … I roast the potatoes for this dish?
a) shall b) need c) may d) ought to
6. She … be offended. She is very sensitive, you know.
a) can b) must c) might d) could
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7. You’d better leave for the airport early – there … be a lot of traffic.
a) must b) might c) should d) ought to
8. We tried to put up our tent, but it was so windy that it … stay.
a) won’t b) wouldn’t c) can’t d) mustn’t
9. The children … go to the cinema on their own yesterday.
a) are able to b) could c) were allowed to d) can
10. We … call for the doctor when Aunt Lucy fainted last night.
a) must b) had to c) should d) would
II. Choose the correct sentence.
1. a) When I must tо come and repair your air-conditioner?
b) When have I tо come and repair your air-conditioner?
c) When must I come and repair your air-conditioner?
2. a) Some house plants are dying. You must to have forgotten to water them.
b) Some house plants are dying. You might have forget to water them.
c) Some house plants are dying. You must have forgotten to water them.
3. a) Now I am on holiday. I am happy because I mustn’t go to school!
b) Now I am on holiday. I am happy because I shouldn’t go to school!
c) Now I am on holiday. I am happy because I needn’t go to school!
4. a) It’s getting cloudy. It can rain later, perhaps.
b) It’s getting cloudy. It may rain later, perhaps.
c) It’s getting cloudy. It can’t rain later, perhaps.
5. a) We’ve got enough money on us. Ron doesn’t have to pay for our tickets.
b) We’ve got enough money on us. Ron needn’t to pay for our tickets.
c) We’ve got enough money on us. Ron needn’t to have paid for our tickets.
III. Complete the following news items by choosing a, b or c.
A. Mrs Hilda Barker, who lost her eyesight five years ago __1__ now see again,
thanks to surgeons at Moor-fields Eye Hospital. Mrs Barker said, “I __2__ tell
you how wonderful it was when I opened my eyes and I __3__ see!” A hospital
spokesman said, “There is always the chance that she __4__ lose her sight again,
but we doubt it.” Mrs Barker hopes she __5__ leave hospital in two weeks’
time.
1. a) may b) was able to c) can
2. a) could b) can’t c) am not able to
3. a) was allowed to b) was able to c) can
4. a) might b) will be able to c) can
5. a) may b) will be allowed to c) could
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B. John Barratt, MP, is looking into the case of a Vietnamese refugee who
__1__ enter the country because his papers were not in order. “The poor man
__2__ speak a word of English,” said Mr Barratt, “so he __3__ understand what
was happening. He’s obviously very worried that the Government __4__ let
him stay here. I hope I __5__ do something for him, but it __6__ take several
weeks.”
1. a) couldn’t b) can’t c) may not
2. a) is not allowed to b) won’t be able to c) can’t
3. a) can’t b) wasn’t able to c) might not
4. a) may not b) couldn’t c) wouldn’t
5. a) might b) will be able to c) could
6. a) will be allowed to b) could c) couldn’t
IV. Two possible paraphrases are given after each sentence below. Decide
which is the correct one.
1. Little children can be very noisy.
a) Noise is a possibility when little children are around.
b) Making noise is a skill that little children have.
2. The plane must arrive soon.
a) I order the plane to arrive soon.
b) I am certain that the plane will arrive soon.
3. Customers may leave their cars in the car park behind the shop.
a) Customers have permission to leave their cars in the car park behind the
shop.
b) There is a possibility that customers will leave their cars in the car park
behind the shop.
4. Lady Clara could have committed the crime.
a) There is a possibility that Lady Clara committed the crime.
b) Lady Clara had the skill to commit the crime.
5. Paul has a class until eight o’clock, so he may not get here in time for the
start of the film.
a) He does not have permission to get here in time for the start of the film.
b) There’s a possibility he won’t get here in time for the start of the film.
V. Find the English equivalents for the following Russian words.

1. That не может be the postman. He never comes this early.
a) mustn’t b) can’t c) must
2. I возможно не come to class on Wednesday. I’ve got to go to the dentist.
a) could not b) mustn’t c) might not
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3. Могли вы ride a bicycle when you were seven?
a) Could you b) Were allowed to c) Can you
4. You не можешь borrow my new blouse. I want to wear it myself.
a) couldn’t b) mustn’t c)can’t
5. I don’t think we should buy him a shirt. He может не like the colour.
a) could not b) may not c) should not
6. You следует take a raincoat. It might train.
a) must b) should c) may
7. Your clothes smell, and you’ve got a cough. You не должен smoke.
a) don’t have to b) mustn’t c) needn’t
8. It’s my mother’s birthday tomorrow. I должна buy her a present and a
card.
a) have to b) may c) should
9. Be careful when you swim – the sea может be dangerous.
a) must b) can c) may
10. Jenny and Tony are only sixteen. They не должны get married.
a) don’t need to b) shouldn’t c) can’t
VI. Choose the correct answer.

1. Shall I make you a cup of tea?
а) Yes, please b) No, you won't
2. Would you help me please? My car won't start.
a) I'd be happy to. b) Yes, I would.
3. Could you open the door for me, please?
a) Yes, I could. b) Of course.
4. Can you do the washing-up for me, please?
a) No. I may not. b) No problem.
5. We could go for a walk this afternoon.
a) That's a nice idea. b) No, we might not.
6. Could I sit down for a minute, please?
a) Yes, of course. b) No, you couldn't.
7. Can I get you anything, madam?
a) No, you can’t. b) No, thank you. I’m just looking.
8. Can I go and play football now, please?
a) Not at all. b) Yes, if you like.
9. Shall I pick you up from work this evening?
a) Yes, please. b) No, you won't.
The Participle
Test 1
I. Read the sentences. Define the forms of the Participle
a) Participle I Active d) Perfect Participle Active
b) Participle I Passive e) Perfect Participle Passive
c) Participle II
1. The applied formula is very simple.
2. The car moving along the road was of a new model.
3. Having graduated from the University, the student hoped to find a good
job.
4. Having discussed the problem, they went to the laboratory.
5. Not knowing the latest news, he couldn’t make any decision.
6. Being studied carefully, the problem may be solved successfully.
7. The speaking man is the best specialist in this field of science.
8. Having been explained properly, the task was fulfilled in time.
9. The calculations made on the computer are very complicated.
10. When given the information, they were satisfied.
II. Read the sentences. Choose the corresponding form of the Participle
a) finishing d) having finished
b) being finished e) having been finished
c) finished
1. … the calculations, he checked the results.
2. While … the test, the student missed one word.
3. The sportsman … the race was running fast.
4. The experiment … at the moment is extremely difficult.
5. ... the new building attracted attention of the public.
6. The … project will be discussed tomorrow.
III. Note the use of the Participle in the sentences to follow. Name the function
of the Participle
a) Attribute b) Adverbial Modifier c) Part of Predicate
1. The applied method will give good results.
2. Look at the sleeping child.
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3. I was very tired having worked all day.
4. The conference is being held now.
5. When speaking English, pay attention to the order of words.
6. This fundamental law was discovered by Newton.
7. Entering the room, I found a letter on the table.
8. Having no time, I couldn’t talk to him.
IV. Translate the underlined words choosing the right form.
1. It was difficult to find the lost book.
a) потеряв b) потерянную c) теряющую
2. He stood looking out of the window.
a) выглянув b) глядящий c) глядя
3. Having calculated the result, he decided to check it.
a) вычисляя b) вычисленный c) вычислив
4. The problem being discussed now is very interesting.
a) обсуждаемая b) обсужденная c) обсудив
5. Arriving at the hotel, he went to his room.
a) прибыв b) прибывая c) прибывающий
6. Having been completed, the test was checked at once.
a) завершая b) завершив c) когда его завершили
V. Read the sentences and find
a) Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
b) Objective Participial Construction
c) –
1. There was a strong wind that day, it being impossible to go boating.
2. It being very cold, we didn’t go skating.
3. I heard him answering the questions well.
4. The job completed, I was able to take a month’s holiday.
5. If started on time, the meeting will be finished at 6 o’clock.
6. I saw them walking in the park.
7. We went to the cinema, the film being very interesting.
8. When asked to help with the translation, he agreed immediately.
9. We watched them swimming, the sea was calm.
10. The dinner being ready, we sat down at the table.
VI. Read the sentences, find the corresponding translation.
1. Weather permitting, they will leave tomorrow.
a) Погода позволяет уехать завтра.
b) Если погода позволит, они уедут завтра.
c) Погода хорошая, и они уедут завтра.
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2. There being little time left, they had to hurry.
a) Если бы осталось мало времени, они должны были бы спешить.
b) Они должны были спешить, так как у них остается мало времени.
c) Так как оставалось мало времени, им пришлось спешить.
3. It being difficult to solve the problem, we decided to meet again.
a) Эту задачу было трудно решить, и мы решили встретиться снова.
b) Мы решили встретиться снова, чтобы решить эту трудную задачу.
c) Если задача будет трудной, мы встретимся снова.
4. The novel finished, the writer was very happy.
a) Чтобы быть счастливым, писатель закончил роман.
b) Завершая роман, писатель был очень счастлив.
с) Когда роман был завершен, писатель был очень счастлив.
5. We watched him packing the things.
a) Мы наблюдали за его упакованными вещами.
b) Он упаковывал вещи, а мы наблюдали за ним.
с) Мы наблюдали, как он упаковывал вещи.
6. We shall have the house painted.
a) У нас будет дом, и мы его покрасим.
b) Нам покрасят дом.
с) У нас будет покрашенный дом.
7. It was a nice day, with the trees and grass shining green after the rain.
a) Был хороший день, деревья и трава сияли зеленью после дождя.
b) День был хороший, так как деревья и трава сияли зеленью после
дождя.
с) Это был хороший день с деревьями и травой, сияющими после
дождя.
8. Breakfast over, he went to his office.
a) Завтрак заканчивался, и он пошел в свой офис.
b) Он пошел в свой офис после завтрака.
с) Так как завтрак был закончен, он пошел в свой офис.
9. They were walking on again, with Oliver calmly answering the
questions.
a) Они снова шли вперед, и Оливер спокойно отвечал на вопросы.
b) Они снова пошли вперед, когда Оливер ответил на вопросы.
с) Они снова шли вперед, Оливер был спокоен, отвечая на вопросы.
10. They were heard talking together.
a) Их было слышно, так как они разговаривали.
b) Когда они говорили, их услышали.
с) Было слышно, как они разговаривают.
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Test 2
b) Participle I Passive Perfect Participle Passive
c) Participle II
1. Having some problems, she phoned us.
2. Having learnt to type, I got the job.
3. Learning to drive, he had twenty accidents.
4. Ann is the person making the fewest mistakes in the tests given by the
teacher.
5. My friend works in London buying and selling cars.
6. Having missed the bus, we had to hire a taxi.
7. While walking through the forest, we found a lot of berries.
8. Being busy, I didn’t notice that she was excited.
9. Having been invited to the party, she bought a new dress.
10. The concert organized by them was a great success.
a) showing d) being shown
b) shown е) having been shown
c) having shown
1. The girl … photos is my friend.
2. … the photos to her friends, she collected them.
3. … the new pictures, she was looking at them attentively.
4. … the photos, she said that they were wonderful.
5. When … the way to the hotel, he used the map.
6. … the sights of the town the tourists had lunch.
of the Participle
1. Be careful when crossing the street.
2. The girls who are singing now will take part in the performance.
3. The telegram received by me yesterday is on the table.
4. I heard an exciting story yesterday.
5. Lost time is never found again.
6. Having written the letter, I went to post it.
7. He kept silent not knowing what to do.
8. Are you pleased with the results of your exams?
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1. Having told my mother about what had happened, I left the room.
a) рассказывая b) рассказанный c) рассказав
2. Cooking dinner, he remembered that he had not bought bread.
a) приготавливая b) приготовив c) приготовленный
3. The picture painted by my sister made a big impression on everyone.
a) нарисовав b) рисуя c) нарисованная
4. The received parcel is very important.
a) получая b) получаемая c) полученная
5. Having been told the news, I was shocked.
a) рассказанный b) рассказав c) когда мне рассказали
6. Being asked to enter, Kate opened the door.
a) попросив b) когда ее попросили c) спросив

c) –
1. He went home, his work having been finished.
2. The door and the window of the vacant room being open, we looked in.
3. Having written the message, he went to Sydney.
4. It being now pretty late, we had to hurry home.
5. I saw him leaving the house.
6. The work completed, we had a three months leave.
7. We noticed them standing in the street and not knowing where to go.
8. We heard the wind breaking the trees and saw them lying across the road.
9. He turned and went, we as before following him.
10. Circumstances permitting, we shall start tomorrow.

1. My flat being redecorated, I am staying with my friends.
a) Я живу у друзей, пока они не отремонтируют мою квартиру.
b) Так как моя квартира сейчас ремонтируется, я живу у друзей.
c) Когда мою квартиру отремонтируют, я поселюсь у друзей.
2. The wind blowing very strongly today, I shall put on warm clothes.
a) Как только оденусь тепло, дует сильный ветер.
b) Если подует сильный ветер, я тепло оденусь.
c) Так как сегодня дует сильный ветер, я надену теплую одежду.
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3. The traffic making so much noise, I couldn’t hear what he was saying.
a) Так как движение было очень шумным, я не слышал что он говорит.
b) Если бы движение было шумным, я не мог бы его слышать.
c) Если движение будет шумным, я не смогу его хорошо услышать.
4. We heard the children talking in the garden and called them in.
a) Мы слышали, как дети разговаривают в саду, и позвали их в дом.
b) Мы позвали разговаривающих в саду детей домой.
c) Дети заговорили в саду, мы их услышали и позвали.
5. I got home late, my dog Rex sitting at the door.
a) Когда я вернулся домой поздно, моя собака Рекс ждала меня у двери.
b) Я вернулся домой поздно, хотя моя собака Рекс ждала меня у двери.
c) Я вернулся домой поздно, и моя собака Рекс ждала меня у двери.
6. My camera being repaired, I haven’t taken photos for some time.
a) Если фотоаппарат не починят, я не сделаю снимки.
b) Я не фотографировал, так как мой фотоаппарат не был отремонти
рован.
c) Так как мой фотоаппарат ремонтируется, я не фотографирую неко-
торое время.
7. The plane having taken off, she felt better.
a) Когда самолет взлетел, она почувствовала себя лучше.
b) Если бы самолет взлетел, она почувствовала бы себя лучше.
c) Она почувствовала себя лучше, взлетая на самолете.
8. It snowing all night long, all the roads were blocked.
a) Поскольку всю ночь шел снег, все дороги были закрыты.
b) Так как все дороги были закрыты, всю ночь шел снег.
c) Если все дороги закрыты, значит идет снег.
9. He went to see the doctor and had his hurt arm examined.
a) Он пошел к врачу, так как повредил руку после экзамена.
b) Он пошел к врачу, и тот осмотрел его больную руку.
c) Когда он пошел к врачу, тому пришлось осмотреть его больную руку.
10. There is nothing we might discuss now, everything being settled.
a) Поскольку обсуждать нечего, все улажено.
b) Нет ничего, что мы могли бы обсудить сейчас, все улажено.
c) Если есть что обсуждать, мы это уладим сейчас.
Test 3
b) Participle I Passive е) Perfect Participle Passive
c) Participle II
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1. He pointed at the text lying on the desk.
2. The poem written by a talented author was discussed at the club.
3. Having done his home-work, he had a short rest.
4. Being written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.
5. Having been informed about her arrival, he wasn’t surprised to see her.
6. I have a letter received 2 days ago, but I haven’t answered it yet.
7. Can you think of a name of an animal beginning with “B”?
8. Having read the article, I gave it to the teacher.
9. When speaking to her, I noticed that she was afraid of something.
10. The device invented by this scientist will be applied in cybernetics.
a) telling d) being told
b) told е) having been told
c) having told
1. The actress … children the stories over the radio is famous all over the
country.
2. The child always listens to the stories … by the nurse.
3. … stories to the child, she speaks in different voices.
4. … the stories to her little son, she wished him good night.
5. … the stories on the history of Great Britain, he learnt a lot.
6. … that strange story, he wanted to know the facts.
of the Participle
1. Feeling better now, the man spoke in a louder voice.
2. You must have much practice when learning to speak a foreign language.
3. Having been invited to come in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for
a while.
4. Being very busy, he didn’t hear me at once.
5. My sister likes boiled eggs.
6. Having bought the book, I began reading it.
7. She likes to look at the children who are playing in the garden.
8. The roses grown in this garden will be shown at the flower exhibition.

1. Never jump off a moving train.
a) движущегося b) подвинутого c) сдвигаемого
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2. Being frightened by the dog, the cat climbed a high fence.
b) испугав b) испуганная c) пугающая
3. While translating the text, I looked up many words in the dictionary.
a) переведенный b) переводящий c) переводя
4. Having prepared all the necessary equipment, they began the experiment
a) подготовив b) подготавливающий c) подготовленный
5. The broken car will be repaired in a month.
a) разбив b) разбивающая c) разбитая
6. Having been knocked down by a passing car, the poor man was taken to
hospital.
a) сбитый b) когда его сбила машина c) сбивающий
V. Read the sentence and find

a) the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
b) the Objective Participial Construction
c) –
1. He watched her going slowly after hard work in the garden.
2. We left the hotel, the rain still coming down heavily.
3. It being very late, they didn’t go anywhere.
4. The sun having set, it became dark at once.
5. When she had the letter typed, she quickly ran to the post office to send it.
6. For a long time we were talking, he was asking me questions and I was
answering them.
7. Time permitting, we shall come a few days earlier.
8. The weather was favourable, the sportsmen were showing good results.
9. We saw Jack going down the road and singing loudly.
10. There being very little food left, we had to go to the nearest supermarket.

1. The weather being fine, she played tennis every day.
a) Так как погода была хорошей, она играла в теннис каждый день.
b) Если погода будет хорошей, она будет играть в теннис каждый день.
c) При хорошей погоде она играет в теннис каждый день.
2. The new cars were delivered, all of them being in good order.
a) Когда новые машины были доставлены, все из них были в хорошем
состоянии.
b) Новые машины были доставлены, и все были в хорошем состоянии.
c) Все доставленные машины были в хорошем состоянии.
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3. It was very dark, there being not a single star in the sky.
a) Так как не было звезд, было очень темно.
b) Было очень темно, и на небе не было звезд.
c) На темном небе не было ни одной звезды.
4. The packing having been done, the girls left for the station.
a) Когда вещи были упакованы, девушки отправились на станцию.
b) Упаковка была готова, и девушки отправились на станцию.
c) Если все упаковать, девушки пойдут на станцию.
5. The sun having set, the tourists made a fire.
a) Когда село солнце, туристы зажгли костер.
b) При садящемся солнце туристы зажгли костер.
c) Туристы разложили костер, и солнце село.
6. Andrew finished his experiment, his eyes being still fixed upon the
microscope.
a) Эндрю закончил эксперимент, не отрывая глаз от микроскопа.
b) Заканчивая эксперимент, он не отрывался от микроскопа.
c) Эндрю закончил эксперимент, а его глаза были все еще прикованы
к микроскопу.
7. I saw her crossing the street where the traffic was terrible.
a) Я видел, как она переходила улицу там, где было ужасное движение.
b) Я видел ее на перекрестке, где движение было ужасным.
c) Я ужаснулся, когда она пересекала улицу с большим движением.
8. I had the program changed and could start my calculations.
a) Я изменил программу и мог начать делать мои вычисления.
b) Я изменил программу после того, как смог сделать свои вычисления.
c) Мне изменили программу, и я смог начать делать свои вычисления.
9. He comes and goes very often, there being building business to do.
a) Он приезжает и уезжает довольно часто, чтобы создать свой бизнес.
b) Он часто приезжает и уезжает, он строит здесь свой офис.
c) Он приезжает и уезжает довольно часто, и у него строительный
бизнес.
10. The teacher wants it done quick and without any mistakes, but we have
too little time left.
a) Учитель хочет сделать это быстро и без ошибок, но у нас осталось
слишком мало времени.
b) Учитель хочет быстрой и правильной работы, но времени у нас
слишком мало.
c) Учитель хочет, чтобы это было сделано быстро и без ошибок, но у
нас осталось мало времени.
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Test 4
b) Participle I Passive е) Perfect Participle Passive
c) Participle II
1. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers.
2. A fish taken out of water cannot live.
3. Having given the medicine, the doctor went away.
4. People watching the game shouted loudly.
5. Being very ill, she couldn’t get to school.
6. The broken arm was examined by the doctor.
7. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers lost their way.
8. When going home yesterday I kept thinking about my friend.
9. Having eaten all the potatoes with sausages, she drank a cup of tea.
10. Running in the yard, I fell and hurt my leg.
a) sending d) having sent
b) sent е) having been sent
c) being sent
1. A letter … from England today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
2. He saw some people in the post-office … telegrams.
3. When … the telegram, she forgot to write her name.
4. … e-mail, he switched off his computer.
5. … two weeks ago, the parcel arrived in time.
6. The messages … now will help to rescue the travellers.
of the Participle
1. The house surrounded by the tall trees is very beautiful.
2. Taking the girl by hand, she led her across the street.
3. Having written out and learnt all the new words, he was able to translate the
text easily.
4. She was reading the book bought the day before.
5. Being busy, he didn’t hear me at once.
6. Having been told the news, he phoned to his friend.
7. Having done my home work, I went for a walk.
8. When running across the yard he fell.
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1. Arriving at the railway station, he bought a ticket and walked to the
platform.
a) прибывая b) прибывающий c) прибыв
2. Take care when crossing the street.
a) переходя b) перейдя c) переходящий
3. Being given the instructions, we managed to work on the computer.
a) давая b) отдав c) когда нам дали
4. When going home yesterday, I kept thinking about my friend.
a) уйдя b) подходя с) идя
5. Lying on the sofa, he was reading a book.
a) лежащий b) полежав c) лежа
6. Being promised help, he felt calmer.
a) пообещав b) обещанную c) когда ему пообещали
7. Having studied English for a long time, he had no language problems.
a) изучив b) изучая c) изучаемый

c) –
1. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit.
2. As the front door was open, she could enter the house.
3. The parents watched the children dancing happily round a New Year tree.
4. We saw them packing their suitcases getting ready for their trip to India.
5. The underground station being not far, we walked there.
6. There was nothing to do in the afternoon, and the tourists went shopping.
7. Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor being the Russian scientist
A. S. Popov.
8. We walked very slowly home, it being very warm.
9. It being Sunday, they all went to church.
10. The concert being over, the lecture came next.

1. There being in fact nothing to wait for, we got down to work.
a) Так как ждать было фактически нечего, мы приступили к работе.
b) Подождав фактов, мы приступили к работе.
c) Так как фактов не было, мы приступили к работе.
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2. Circumstances permitting, I shall come to your place for summer.
a) Обстоятельства позволяют, и я приеду к вам на лето.
b) Если позволят обстоятельства, я приеду к вам на лето.
c) Я приеду к вам на лето, поскольку мне позволяют обстоятельства.
3. There being too noisy in the neighbours’ garden, Bill couldn’t sleep the
whole night.
a) Билл не мог спать в саду, так как у соседей было шумно всю ночь.
b) Так как было шумно у соседей в саду, Билл не мог спать всю ночь.
c) Из-за шума в саду Билл не мог спать всю ночь.
4. The ship was slowly sailing, hundreds of birds circling over it.
a) Из-за множества птиц корабль плыл медленно.
b) Корабль плыл медленно, и множество птиц кружилось над ним.
c) Когда корабль плыл медленно, сотни птиц кружились над ним.
5. We want the work finished by tomorrow and please have these letters
translated into English.
a) Мы хотим закончить эту работу к завтрашнему дню и, пожалуйста,
получите переведенные на английский язык письма.
b) Мы хотим, чтобы работа была закончена к завтрашнему дню и, по-
жалуйста, получите перевод этих писем на английский язык.
c) Мы хотим, чтобы работа была закончена к завтрашнему дню и пусть
вам переведут эти письма на английский язык.
6. The question being rather difficult to answer at once, I asked permission
to think it over.
a) Сразу был задан трудный вопрос, и я попросил разрешения его
обдумать.
b) Вопрос был трудный, на него нельзя было ответить сразу, пришлось
просить помощи.
c) Так как вопрос был довольно трудным, чтобы ответить на него сра-
зу, я попросил разрешения, обдумать его.
7. He heard his name called from behind and turned round quickly.
a) Он услышал свое имя, когда его позвали, и быстро обернулся.
b) Как только он повернулся, его тут же позвали по имени.
c) Он услышал, как его зовут по имени, и быстро повернулся.
8. She watched him passing the gate and walking down the street.
a) Она смотрела, как он проходит через ворота и идет по улице.
b) Она наблюдала за ним, проходя мимо ворот и идя по улице.
c) Он вышел из ворот и пошел по улице, а она за ним наблюдала.
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9. Tennis is one of the most popular games in England, it being played all
the year round.
a) В Англии в теннис играют весь год, так как он самый популярный
вид спорта.
b) Теннис – это один из самых популярных видов спорта в Англии, и в
него играют весь год.
c) Весь год играя в теннис, англичане стали очень популярны.
10. They found the door locked and had to ring the door bell.
a) Они обнаружили, что дверь заперта, и им пришлось позвонить в
дверной звонок.
b) Они нашли дверь, закрыли ее, и позвонили в дверной звонок.
c) Они нашли дверь запертой, но у них был дверной звонок, чтобы
позвонить.
Test 5
b) Participle I Passive e) Perfect Participle Passive
c) Participle II
1. A line seen through the crystal looks double.
2. This is a theater built many years ago.
3. The man standing at the door and saying goodbye is a well-known
musician.
4. Having done his homework, he went for a walk.
5. “How do you like the film?” he asked turning towards me.
6. Having been shown many sights during the day, the tourists got very tired.
7. Being not well, he decided to stay home.
8. Happy and excited, the boy came running to his mother.
9. It was not easy to find the lost stamp.
10. Going along the street, I met Mary and Ann.
a) taking d) having taken
b) being taken е) having been taken
c) taken
1. A fish … out of water cannot live.
2. A person … a sun-bath must be very careful.
3. … a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
4. … the telegram, he read it twice and put into the pocket.
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5. … in bright sun, the photos are of bad quality.
6. … by the police, the criminal was asked many questions at the police
station.
of the Participle
1. The boys playing football didn’t notice the rain.
2. Entering the room, I saw my friends.
3. Being frightened by the dog, the cat ran away.
4. Having obtained good results by the end of the month they were extremely
pleased with them.
5. Though surprised by his arrival, she didn’t show it.
6. When he was asked for help, he refused.
7. Given an opportunity, he would make a good pianist.
8. This book must be returned on the date which is marked below.

1. This is the experiment proving the phenomenon we are discussing now.
a) доказав b) доказанный c) доказывающий
2. Having collected the tickets, the bus driver let the passengers in.
a) собирая b) собрав c) собранный
3. The film shown on TV yesterday was very interesting.
a) показывающий b) показав c) показанный
4. When telling his stories, he often showed photographs made in different
countries.
a) рассказав b) рассказывая c) рассказанный
5. The novel written by him seems to be true.
a) написав b) написанный c) пишущий
6. Feeling ill for several days, he went to see a doctor.
a) чувствуя b) почувствовав c) чувствующий

c) –
1. Her watch being slow, she missed the train.
2. Her daughter preparing for entrance examinations, she stayed in town the
whole summer.
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3. My husband and my son are at home too, they are reading newspapers and
I am working about the house.
4. At the railway station he watched other boys waiting with small backpacks
and fishing rods.
5. Driving in a motor-car we passed many villages.
6. I saw the man entering the hall and remembered that I had met him many
years before.
7. We sat near the river-side, the water shining, the gentle wind blowing.
8. We sat off, the rain still coming down heavily.
9. There are many discoveries being made all over the world.
10. The rules being very strict, he was not permitted to enter the building.

1. I went on business to Moscow by plane, my manager waiting for me
there.
a) Я отправился в командировку в Москву на самолете, и мой менеджер
ждал меня там.
b) Когда я отправился в командировку в Москву, мой менеджер ждал
меня в самолете.
c) Я отправился в командировку в Москву с нашим менеджером на
ожидающем нас самолете.
2. My watch being repaired, I might be late for the lecture.
a) Пока мои часы не отремонтируют, я могу опаздывать на лекции.
b) Так как мои часы сейчас ремонтируют, я могу опаздывать на
лекции.
c) Так как мои часы ремонтируют, я возможно опоздаю на лекцию.
3. The prices having increased greatly, she couldn’t buy the car she wanted
so much.
a) Так как цены сильно возросли, она не смогла купить ту машину, ко-
торую так сильно хотела.
b) Она не смогла купить машину и не хотела, чтобы цены росли.
c) Цены сильно возросли, она хотела купить машину, но не смогла.
4. The forests being destroyed in many countries, the climate is changing
all over the world.
a) Так как леса уничтожаются во многих странах, климат меняется во
всем мире.
b) После изменения климата во многих странах леса вырубаются во
всем мире.
c) Леса вырубаются во всех странах, и климат меняется во всем мире.
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5. She was looking at the children listening amusing stories, with their
eyes fixed on the large book.
a) Она смотрела на детей, слушающих забавные истории и не отрыва-
ющих глаза от большой книги.
b) Она смотрела на детей и слушала забавные истории, при этом глаза
детей не отрывались от большой книги.
c) Она смотрела на детей и на большую книгу, при этом дети слушали
забавные истории.
6. If you want to look fashionable, you can have your clothes made in
Europe.
a) Если вы хотите следовать моде, вы можете сшить одежду на заказ в
Европе.
b) Вы можете получить одежду из Европы, если вы смотрите модные
журналы.
c) Если хотите модно выглядеть, вы можете получить сделанную в
Европе одежду.
7. The film shown on TV was very interesting, a lot of famous actors
starring in it.
a) Фильм был показан по телевизору, и много интересных и известных
актеров играли в нем главные роли.
b) После того, как фильм был показан по телевизору, многие актеры
стали кинозвездами.
c) Фильм, показанный по телевизору, был очень интересным, и мно-
гие известные актеры играли в нем главные роли.
8. She found him working in the garden, with his son helping him.
a) Она нашла его в саду с сыном и помогла ему работать.
b) Она нашла его работающим в саду и помогающим сыну.
c) Она нашла его работающим в саду, и сын помогал ему.
9. He had his car repaired a week ago, but it still doesn’t run well.
a) Он сам отремонтировал машину неделю назад, но она еще не очень
хорошо работает.
b) Ему починили машину неделю назад, но он на ней еще не ездил.
c) Ему починили машину неделю назад, но он все еще не может хоро-
шо ее водить.
10. The child was left alone in the large room, nobody saw him switching on
the TV.
a) Ребенка оставили одного в большой комнате, и никто не видел, как
он включил телевизор.
b) Ребенка оставили одного в большой комнате, и никто не видел, что
он смотрит телевизор.
c) Ребенка оставили одного в большой комнате за то, что он включал
телевизор.
The Gerund
Test 1
I. Define the forms of the Gerund:
a) Indefinite Active c) Perfect Active
b) Indefinite Passive d) Perfect Passive
1. I remember meeting him at the conference.
2. He doesn’t like being asked stupid questions.
3. They regretted having done this.
4. She complained of having been injured in the accident.
5. There is no chance of being given this book.
6. They were surprised at his not having seen that programme.
7. He admitted having been asked about that conference.
8. What I like is riding a bicycle.
9. He is fond of being read before going to bed.
10. This text is worth translating.
II. Choose the right form for filling in the blank.

1. He insists on the problem ... at once.
a) solving b) being solved c) having solved
2. They didn’t know about his ... at the factory.
a) working b) being worked c) having been worked
3. There is no possibility of her ... to your sister.
a) writing b) being written c) having been written
4. The teacher was surprised at the students ... this theorem at the last
workshop.
a) not knowing b) not being known c) not having known
5. He looked forward to ... his parents.
a) having met b) meeting c) being met
6. Your brother is angry with their ... his book.
a) taking b) being taken c) having been taken
7. He relied on his paper ... tomorrow.
a) discussing b) being discussed c) having been discussed
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III. Point out the sentences with
a) Gerund b) Participle I c) Verbal Noun
1. After saying this, he left the room.
2. Having read the article, I gave it to my teacher.
3. She passed by without recognizing me.
4. Entering the room, I saw a policeman.
5. Who does the cooking in your family?
6. On hearing the news, he was greatly surprised.
7. I watched the girls dancing to music.
8. After finishing his homework, he began to watch TV.
9. The acting was perfect in the first part of the play.
10. She lay in bed reading an interesting book.
IV. Point out the sentences with

a) Gerund as Subject b) Participle I as Adverbial Modifier
1. Feeling tired, I went to bed early yesterday.
2. Describing what happened will be difficult.
3. Arriving at the station, she saw him at once.
4. Doing exercises must become the habit of all students.
5. Swimming in the sea, she trained her muscles.
6. Closing the factory caused many problems for the workers.
V. Point out the sentences with

a) Complex Gerundial Construction
b) Participial Construction
c) –
1. It being Sunday, the students didn’t attend classes.
2. Knowing English very well, he passed the exam successfully.
3. His having taken part in the conference was reported in the press.
4. When he was reading the article, he looked up the unknown words in a
dictionary.
5. I don’t mind her taking my book for a few days.
6. Be careful when crossing a street in foggy weather.
7. The student’s having passed the exam was a great surprise.
8. My friend being away, I went to the cinema alone.
9. Their solving the problem became known to everybody.
10. Why are those men laughing?
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VI. Find the Russian equivalents for to the following English sentences.
1. I can’t excuse her not answering our invitation.
a) Я не могла простить ее за то, что она не ответила на наше
приглашение.
b) Я не прощу ее за то, что она не ответила на наше приглашение.
c) Я не могу простить ее за то, что она не ответила на наше
приглашение.
2. I don’t like your asking him to translate this text.
a) Мне не нравится то, что вы просите его перевести этот текст.
b) Мне не нравилось то, что вы спрашивали у него перевод этого
текста.
c) Мне не нравилось то, что вы просили его перевести этот текст.
3. They are worried about Jane’s working so hard.
a) Они были обеспокоены тем, что Джейн много работала.
b) Они обеспокоены тем, что Джейн мало работает.
c) Они обеспокоены тем, что Джейн много работает.
4. There is no harm in doing that.
a) Не было ничего плохого в том, что это было сделано.
b) Неплохо было бы сделать это.
c) Нет ничего плохого в том, чтобы сделать это.
5. I have no objection to your arriving late.
a) Я возражаю против вашего опоздания.
b) Я не буду возражать против вашего опоздания.
c) Я не возражаю против того, что вы приедете поздно.
6. Dr Smith’s being rude was very strange.
a) Доктор Смит был грубым и странным.
b) То, что доктор Смит ведет себя грубо, будет странно.
c) То, что доктор Смит вел себя грубо, было очень странно.
7. She insisted on our going for a walk at once.
a) Она будет настаивать на том, чтобы мы тотчас пошли гулять.
b) Она настояла на том, чтобы мы тотчас пошли гулять.
c) Она настояла на нашей прогулке, и мы тотчас же ушли.
8. He liked being praised.
a) Ему нравилось хвалиться.
b) Ему нравиться, когда его хвалят.
c) Ему нравилось, когда его хвалили.
9. I can’t bear his talking so loudly at the lesson.
a) Я не буду терпеть его такой громкий разговор на уроке.
b) Я не выношу того, что он громко говорит на уроке.
c) Я не мог вытерпеть, когда он громко говорил на уроке.
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10. His solving the equation became known to everybody.
a) То, что он решил уравнение, станет известно всем.
b) То, что он решил уравнение, стало известно всем.
c) Всем известно, что он решает уравнение сейчас.
Test 2

b) Indefinite Passive d) Perfect Passive.
1. I enjoy dancing after classes.
2. She admitted having stolen their money.
3. She heard of his being sent to the south.
4. We thanked her for having given us this lecture.
5. I am fond of playing chess in the evening.
6. He was proud of having been given the award.
7. She likes being read short stories.
8. He apologized for not having invited Jack to the party.
9. He heard of her having been appointed director at a firm.
10. Without doubt this film is worth seeing.

1. I don’t mind your … my telephone.
a) having used b) being used c) using
2. You never mentioned … to them on the subject before.
a) being spoken b) having been spoken c) having spoken
3. This dress wants … .
a) washing b) having washed c) having been washed
4. I know of his … to the local committee at the last conference.
a) having elected b) having been elected c) electing.
5. They objected to his … at their house so long.
a) having stayed b) being stayed c)having been stayed
6. I dislike your … nothing.
a) having done b) doing c) being done
7. Do you mind my … the first?
a) having been examined b) having examined c) being examined
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1. Being very tired, we refused to go for a walk.
2. Discussing the details of this contract is essential.
3. Having been defeated, the enemy had to retreat.
4. Knowing grammar rules is my aim in learning foreign languages.
5. Skating on the ice yesterday, he broke his leg.
6. Reading funny stories in English, I always laugh a lot.
7. Translating texts is one of the ways of mastering English.
8. Playing with matches is dangerous for little children.

c) –
1. The mother insisted on his being examined by a doctor.
2. Having studied hard, he got a good mark at the exam.
3. I had no idea of your being here.
4. Being ill, she couldn’t go to the theatre.
5. Please be quiet! You are continually interrupting me.
6. She saw a stranger going out of the room.
1. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
2. After finishing school, we entered the University.
3. I was disturbed by their loud talking.
4. Before passing his exams he worked hard.
5. There is no hope of catching the train.
6. They regretted not having helped her with her problem.
7. I feel like having a cup of nice tea.
8. The regular doing of morning exercises is good for health.
9. Hearing the knock at the door, the boy went to open it.
10. The comings and goings of the train at this station are always on time.
VI. Find the Russian equivalents for the following English sentences.
1. Thank you for coming.
a) Благодарю вас за то, что вы пришли.
b) Я был благодарен за ваш приход.
c) Я буду очень благодарен за то, что вы придете.
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2. I am surprised at hearing this.
a) Я удивился тому, когда услышал это.
b) Я удивлен тем, что слышу это.
c) Я был удивлен услышать это.
3. We are concerned about the students’ taking the exam in time.
a) Мы беспокоились о том, чтобы студенты сдали экзамен вовремя.
b) Мы обеспокоены тем, чтобы студенты сдавали экзамен вовремя.
c) Мы беспокоимся о студентах, которые не сдают экзамены вовремя.
4. Besides being clever, he is very industrious.
a) Кроме того, что он трудолюбив, он очень умен.
b) Кроме того, что он умен, он очень трудолюбив.
c) Помимо того, что он был умен, он еще был и трудолюбивым.
5. Lobachevsky’s having developed a new geometry is known to all
mathematicians.
a) Всем математикам стало известно, что Лобачевский создал новую
геометрию.
b) То, что Лобачевский создает новую геометрию, известно всем мате
матикам.
c) То, что Лобачевский создал новую геометрию, известно всем мате
матикам.
6. He mentioned having read it in the paper.
a) Он упомянул, что читал это в газете.
b) Его упоминание в газете прочитали все.
c) О том, что он упоминал об этом, прочитали в газете.
7. Your having gone there was unexpected.
a) Будет неожиданным, если вы туда поедете.
b) То, что вы поехали туда, было неожиданным.
c) Вы поедете туда, и это будет неожиданно.
8. It’s no use talking about it.
a) Было бесполезно говорить об этом.
b) Будет бесполезным говорить об этом.
c) Бесполезно говорить об этом.
9. It is evident that there is no hope of our getting this book at the library.
a) Очевидно, что у нас не было надежды получить эту книгу в
библиотеке.
b) Очевидно, что у нас нет никакой надежды получить эту книгу в
библиотеке.
c) Мы, очевидно, и не надеялись получить эту книгу в библиотеке.
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10. Do you mind her helping us?
a) Вы не против, чтобы она помогла нам?
b) Вы не были против нашей помощи ей?
c) Вы против того, чтобы мы помогли ей?
Test 3

1. Excuse my not having rung you up.
2. I insisted on doing this work.
3. The boy enjoys being read funny stories.
4. There is no chance of his being appointed manager at our company.
5. They knew there was a danger of falling ill.
6. She resented having been treated like a child then.
7. I praised him for having bought me such interesting books.
8. They didn’t know about having been given that present.
9. I don’t like being asked silly questions.
10. He reported of his having been invited to the international conference.

1. She was thankful for … to the trip.
a) being taken b) having taking c) taking
2. Most schools should do a better job in … the young for adult life.
a) having prepared b) being prepared c) preparing
3. She started … the text at once.
a) being copied b) copying c) having copied
4. They insist on Mary’s … here tomorrow.
a) having come b) being come c) coming7
5. I admitted … the money on the table, but it’s not there now.
a) putting b) being put c) having put
6. We all agreed to your … the discussion at the recent conference.
a) being opened b) opening c)having opened
7. We were informed of the new results … at the laboratory.
a) obtaining b) being obtained c) having obtained
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1. He took part in the sittings of the department.
2. The children played in the yard laughing loudly.
3. When speaking English, pay attention to the order of words.
4. After writing a letter, he went to the post office.
5. While going home I met a friend of mine.
6. I like your idea of going to the cinema.
7. In rewriting a test she corrected some mistakes.
8. She was afraid of going on public transport.
9. I heard her laughing happily outside.
10. You will have to do the washing up after the party.

1. Managing your own affairs comes with practice.
2. Feeling tired, he went to bed early yesterday.
3. Smoking is not allowed in all buildings of the University.
4. Walking in the park yesterday, I saw a bird building a nest.
5. Travelling by train is less expensive than travelling by plane.
6. Smoking a lot, he ruined his health.

c) –
1. I don’t mind her coming home late.
2. Having found a hotel, they looked for somewhere to have dinner.
3. The journey being very tiresome, he wanted to stay at home for a week.
4. His having solved the problem became known at the Faculty.
5. We found him working in the garden.
6. While going home she came across her teacher.
7. My sister having lost the key, we couldn’t enter the flat.
8. Having prepared the lessons, I went to the cinema.
9. The student’s knowing English well helped him to get a good job.
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1. Please excuse his not writing to you.
a) Пожалуйста, простите его за то, что он вам написал.
b) Пожалуйста, простите его за то, что он вам не пишет.
c) Пожалуйста, простите, что я ему не пишу.
2. I don’t enjoy Tom’s shouting so loud.
a) Мне не нравилось, что Том так громко кричит.
b) Мне не нравится, что Том так громко кричит.
c) Мне не нравится, что Том так громко кричал.
3. Newton’s having developed the theory of universal gravitation is known
to everybody.
a) Ньютон создал теорию всеобщего тяготения, и это стало известно всем.
b) То, что Ньютон создал теорию всеобщего тяготения, известно всем.
c) Создав теорию всеобщего тяготения, Ньютон стал известен всем.
4. Mr Brown denied having read that book.
a) Мистер Браун отрицает то, что читал ту книгу.
b) Мистер Браун отрицал, что будет читать ту книгу.
c) Мистер Браун отрицал то, что читал ту книгу.
5. She likes being read such journals.
a) Ей нравится читать такие журналы.
b) Ей нравилось, когда ей читали такие журналы.
c) Ей нравится, когда ей читают такие журналы.
6. This matter is not worth speaking of.
a) Этот вопрос стоит того, чтобы о нем говорили.
b) Не стоило говорить об этом вопросе.
c) Об этом вопросе не стоит говорить.
7. She is sorry having done this for you.
a) Она сожалеет о том, что сделала это для тебя.
b) Она сожалеет, что делает это для тебя.
c) Она сожалела, что сделала это для тебя.
8. We suspect him of having stolen the purse.
a) Мы подозревали, что он украл кошелек.
b) Мы подозревали, что у него украли кошелек.
c) Мы подозреваем, что он украл кошелек.
9. I feel like having coffee.
a) Мне нравится пить кофе.
b) Я чувствую, когда надо пить кофе.
c) Мне хочется выпить кофе.
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10. He insisted on my being examined by a doctor.
a) Он настаивает на том, чтобы меня осмотрел врач.
b) Он настаивал на том, чтобы я осмотрел врача.
c) Он настаивал на том, чтобы меня осмотрел врач.
Test 4
1. Advertising has proved ineffective with many smokers.
2. He likes being invited by friends.
3. I feel guilty about not having written to you sooner, but I’ve been busy with
work lately.
4. I shall never forget having taken that exam.
5. He boasted of having shot lions in Africa.
6. We heard of the experiment having been completed last week.
7. Excuse me for being so late.
8. I know of his having been sent to study at the University of London.
9. He entered the room without being noticed.
10. He mentioned having read it in the newspaper, when he was in Bristol.

1. Her daughter likes … fairy-tales before going to bed.
a) having read b) being read c) having been read
2. That explains his …. from his job.
a) having fired b) having been fired c) firing
3. He is responsible for the work … in time.
a) finishing b) being finished c) having been finished
4. He succeeded in … to the meeting in time.
a) having been come b) being come c) coming
5. I can boast of … Paris, when I was on a business trip last year.
a) having been seen b) having seen c) being seen
6. I don’t enjoy … at by other people.
a) laughing b) having laughed c) being laughed
7. We don’t object to the exam … on Saturday.
a) holding b) having held c) being held
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1. The doing of morning exercises is good for young people.
2. They don’t allow smoking here.
3. He is fond of dancing girls.
4. The children played in the yard shouting loudly.
5. I must think a little before answering.
6. When speaking to her students, the teacher was smiling.
7. Avoiding fatty food is not a bad thing.
8. On coming home he began to do his homework at once.
9. The sufferings of this girl are doubtful.
10. Having written the letter, I went to post it.

1. Solving the problem, the scientist carried out a lot of experiments.
2. Cooking is an unusual habit for young men.
3. Travelling by plane is quicker than travelling by car.
4. Solving differential equations is not an easy thing.
5. Promising not to interrupt her again, he asked Jane to go on with the story.
6. Learning the rules carefully, he wrote the test successfully.
V. Point out sentences with

c) –
1. The weather being wonderful, we went to the park.
2. The exercises having been done, the students could have a rest.
3. He insisted on my returning soon.
4. If I am sleeping, when he comes, wake me up, please.
5. The lessons being over, the students left the University.
6. We know of the Earth’s revolving around the Sun.
7. We met when we were studying in France.
8. Reading the text, she found some mistakes.
9. He insisted on her reading the text again.
10. Do you mind our helping him?
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1. He had a feeling of being watched.
a) У него такое ощущение, что за ним нужно наблюдать.
b) У него было ощущение, что за ним следят.
c) У него такое ощущение, что за ним следят.
2. It’s no use discussing it now, we must act.
a) Было бесполезно обсуждать это, мы должны были действовать.
b) Бесполезно обсуждать то, что мы должны были сделать.
c) Бесполезно обсуждать это сейчас, мы должны действовать.
3. His having failed the exam was a great disappointment.
a) Если он не сдаст экзамен, это нас очень разочарует.
b) То, что он не сдаст экзамен, очень разочарует нас.
c) То, что он не сдал экзамен, было большим разочарованием.
4. What upset me was his being invited to the party.
a) То, что его пригласили на вечеринку, расстроило меня.
b) Меня расстраивает то, что его приглашают на вечеринку.
c) Меня расстраивает то, что его пригласят на вечеринку.
5. I don’t like the idea of Mary’s going home alone.
a) Мне не нравилось то, что Мэри пошла домой одна.
b) Мне не нравится то, что Мэри придется пойти домой одной.
c) Мне не нравится то, что Мэри ходит домой одна.
6. John’s coming tomorrow will make no difference.
a) Не имеет значения то, приедет ли Джон завтра.
b) То, что Джон не приедет завтра, не имеет никакого значения.
c) То, что Джон приедет завтра, не будет иметь никакого значения.
7. The student’s knowing French well helped him in learning English.
a) То, что студент знает хорошо французский язык, помогло ему при
изучении английского языка.
b) То, что студент знает хорошо французский язык, поможет ему при
изучении английского языка.
c) Хорошее знание французского языка поможет ему в изучении ан-
глийского языка.
8. He insists on their coming in time.
a) Он настаивал на том, чтобы они пришли вовремя.
b) Он будет настаивать на том, чтобы они пришли вовремя.
c) Он настаивает на том, чтобы они пришли вовремя.
9. These exercises are alike in having the same aim.
a) Эти упражнения имели одинаковую цель и поэтому были сходны.
b) Сходные упражнения будут иметь одинаковую цель.
c) Эти упражнения сходны тем, что имеют одинаковую цель.
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10. I don’t mind her coming with us.
a) Я был против того, чтобы она пошла с нами.
b) Я не против того, чтобы она пошла с нами.
c) Я не был против, чтобы мы пошли с ней.
Test 5
a) Indefinite Active; c) Perfect Active;
b) Indefinite Passive; d) Perfect Passive.
1. I shall never forget having taken that examination.
2. Girls like being looked at.
3. They were surprised at his coming to the lecture.
4. I have never heard of the house having been painted before.
5. I am sorry for having missed your lecture.
6. This article is worth reading.
7. He remembers having done the exercise long ago.
8. She entered the classroom without being noticed.
9. She complained of having been interrupted every minute.
10. His hobby is collecting all sorts of books in mathematics.
II. Choose the right forms for filling in the blank.

1. I am not used to … to in that rude way.
a) talking b) being talked c) having been talked
2. His success may be explained by his … at Cambridge.
a) being studied b) having studied c) having been studied
3. The plan requires … out.
a) being worked b) having been worked c) working
4. Nick has no chance of … the exam.
a) having passed b) passing c) having been passed
5. I see no harm in his … football.
a) having been played b) being played c) playing
6. He was not interested in travelling and insisted on … back to his country on
the first flight.
a) sending b) having been sent c) being sent
7. On … he immediately decided to hear the news himself.
a) informing b) having informed c) being informed
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1. Comparing the equations the students could make correct conclusions.
2. Her reading English texts was very good.
3. The best students can take part in the sittings of the Faculty Council.
4. Translating English texts, we improve our knowledge of the language.
5. They are looking forward to seeing a ballet tonight.
6. I admired her and asked if she had ever done any real Indian dancing.
7. Writing that test, he made a lot of mistakes.
8. I was so tired that I didn’t hear her loud talking.
10. In solving such problems the students must be very attentive.

1. Dancing is always fun for young people.
2. Reading books in English is the best way of mastering your knowledge of the
language.
3. Having arranged everything, he went abroad on holiday.
4. Eating spicy food is dangerous to your stomach.
5. Being absent-minded, she made several mistakes in her test.
6. Driving too fast puts people’s lives in danger.
7. Eating out became popular among young people.

c) –
1. We very much appreciate John’s helping us with the building of that house.
2. She is learning to drive a car and next month she is getting her driving
licence.
3. The teacher insisted on the exam being taken very soon.
4. In a week she is leaving for London.
5. The scientists carried out the experiments, all results being very promising.
6. You should congratulate them on having completed their job.
7. The translation having been finished, the students gave it to the teacher.
8. I have no objection to your answering the questions in English.
9. The professor being ill, the lecture was put off.
10. John’s coming tomorrow will make no difference.
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VI. Find the Russian equivalents for the following English sentences:
1. When reading the book, I was listening to music.
a) Когда я читал книгу, я слушал музыку.
b) После того как я прочитал книгу, я слушал музыку.
c) Когда я прочитаю книгу, я послушаю музыку.
2. Solving mathematical problems is my great pleasure.
a) Решая математические задачи, я получаю большое удовольствие.
b) Решив математические задачи, я получил большое удовольствие.
c) Решать математические задачи – для меня большое удовольствие.
3. Не stopped reading English texts.
a) Он остановился, чтобы почитать английские тексты.
b) Он перестал читать английские тексты.
c) Он стоял и читал английские тексты.
4. She likes being read to.
a) Ей нравится читать.
b) Она любит читать книги.
c) Она любит, когда ей читают.
5. The result of the research will depend on the experiment being made in
time.
a) Результат исследования будет зависеть от вовремя выполненного
эксперимента.
b) Результат исследования зависит от проведения эксперимента
вовремя.
c) Результат исследования зависит от того, что эксперимент будет про-
веден вовремя.
6. Einstein's having discovered the relativity theory helped to explain
numerous phenomena.
a) То, что Эйнштейн открыл теорию относительности, помогло объяс-
нить многие явления.
b) Эйнштейн открыл теорию относительности и помог объяснить мно-
гие явления.
c) Эйнштейн открыл теорию относительности и объяснил многие
явления.
7. She doesn’t enjoy being laughed at by people.
a) Ей не нравится смеяться над людьми.
b) Ей не нравилось, когда над ней смеялись люди.
c) Ей не нравится, когда над ней смеются люди.
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8. You will never speak good English without learning grammar.
a) Вы никогда не будете говорить хорошо по-английски, изучая толь-
ко грамматику.
b) Вы никогда не будете говорить хорошо по-английски, если не изу-
чите грамматику.
c) Вы никогда не говорили хорошо по-английски, потому что не учили
грамматику.
9. His studying Chinese at school became known to everybody.
a) Все знали, что он изучал китайский в школе.
b) То, что он изучал китайский в школе, стало известно всем.
c) Как он изучал китайский в школе, было известно всем.
10. In spite of not having any university education, Faraday made his great
discoveries.
a) Так как Фарадей сделал свои великие открытия, он не получил уни-
верситетского образования.
b) Несмотря на то, что у Фарадея не было университетского образова-
ния, он сделал свои великие открытия.
c) Несмотря на его великие открытия, у Фарадея не было университет-
ского образования.
The Infinitive
Test 1
I. Define the tense form of the Infinitive:
a) Indefinite Active c) Perfect Active e) Continuous
b) Indefinite Passive d) Perfect Passive f) Perfect Continuous
1. All I did was to give him a little push.
2. They pretended to be reading the newspaper.
3. It was raining, and we decided to take a taxi home.
4. Why is she so late? She can’t still be working.
5. I would love to have gone to the party but it was impossible.
6. You were silly not to have locked your car.
7. The cat didn’t like to be washed.
8. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus.
9. It was pleasant to have been studying with you in the same group for 5
years.
10. Your aim is to get across the river without being seen.
II. Choose the right form of the Infinitive or the Gerund for filling in the
blank.
1. I am looking forward … you on Sunday.
a) to seeing b) to see c) see
2. Please, let me … to the hockey match.
a) to go b) go c) going
3. Would you mind … the last sentence?
a) repeating b) to repeat c) repeat
4. I need a book that is not difficult … .
a) read b) reading c) to read
5. He made the students … the composition.
a) writing b) write c) to write
6. They got used … in such a hot country.
a) to living b) to live c) living
7. The workers seem … his instructions.
a) to understanding b) understand c) to understand
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8. The teacher waited for us … our test.
a) to finish b) finishing c) finish
9. It was very impolite of you … such a remark.
a) make b) to make c) making
III. Point out the sentences with the Infinitive as

a) Subject b) Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
c) Part of Compound Verbal Modal Predicate
1. To wait for people who were late made him angry.
2. In order to get rid of her headache, Sally took an aspirin.
3. I have to feed the animals as well as look after the children.
4. Men in our country are to retire at sixty.
5. To ask the teacher a question, pupils raise their hands.
6. To watch him eating really gets on my nerves.
7. The cleaning is to be finished by midday.
8. To understand the importance of this event, you should know all the facts.
9. To find the mass of the electron was then of prime importance.
10. To give a true picture of the surrounding world is the task of natural
sciences.
11. One is to be very attentive when crossing the street.
12. Students were to submit the results of their term papers yesterday.

a) Complex Object b) Complex Subject c) –
1. My plan for this weekend is to bake a delicious apple pie.
2. I am likely to be late this evening.
3. Tom was sorry to have missed Bill.
4. She is known to have been married before.
5. Jack expected his friend to come on time.
6. The car appears to have broken down.
7. The policeman saw the car hit a lamp-stand.
8. They happen to have been looking for him everywhere since early morning.
9. Our team leader wanted the work to be done as soon as possible.
10. I believe he will have no problems with this matter.
V. Find the Russian equivalents for the following English sentences.
1. The problems to be discussed at our next meeting are of great importance
for our work.
a) Вопросы, обсужденные на нашем совещании, будут иметь огромное
значение для нашей работы.
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b) Очень важные для нашей работы вопросы были обсуждены на
совещании.
c) Вопросы, которые нужно обсудить на нашем совещании, очень важ-
ны для нашей работы.
2. This scientist is sure to have made a great discovery.
a) Этот ученый уверен, что он сделал великое открытие.
b) Несомненно, этот ученый сделал великое открытие.
c) Ученый обязательно должен сделать великое открытие.
3. Mary waited for him to pay for the taxi.
a) Он ждал, пока Мэри заплатит за такси.
b) Мэри ждала, пока он заплатит за такси.
c) Он платил за такси, а Мэри ждала его.
4. I have never known him to be so cruel to animals.
a) Насколько я знаю, он никогда не был таким жестоким с животными.
b) Я никогда не знал, что животные бывают такими жестокими.
c) Я никогда не знала, что он так жестоко обращается с животными.
5. For a force to exist there must be two objects involved.
a) Для того чтобы существовала сила, необходимо задействовать два
объекта.
b) Для того чтобы было два объекта, должна существовать сила.
c) Сила существует там, где есть два объекта.
6. Our task is to make theory and experiment agree as closely as possible.
a) Мы должны как можно лучше соотнести теорию и эксперимент.
b) Наша задача заключается в том, чтобы возможно ближе соотнести
теорию и эксперимент.
c) Задача теории и эксперимента заключается в том, чтобы они были
как можно ближе соотнесены.
7. He was made to read the text for the second time.
a) Он прочитал текст во второй раз, чтобы понять его.
b) Он сделал так, чтобы текст прочитали во второй раз.
c) Его заставили прочитать текст во второй раз.
8. To see the dependence between these two values, let us look at the
graph.
a) Чтобы понять зависимость между этими двумя величинами, давайте
посмотрим на график.
b) Посмотрите на график и увидите зависимость между этими двумя
величинами.
c) Вы увидите зависимость между этими двумя величинами после того,
как посмотрите на график.
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9. The difficulty will be to obtain the equation in question.
a) Будет трудно получить искомое уравнение.
b) Трудность будет заключаться в том, чтобы получить искомое урав
нение.
c) Трудность получения искомого уравнения будет заключаться в сле
дующем.
Test 2
I. Define the Tense Form of the Infinitive:
a) Indefinite Active c) Perfect Active e) Continuous;
1. Our present concern will be to discuss the information obtained during the
flight.
2. I know him to have written this poem last night.
3. Chernov was the first to discover that intriguing piece of news.
4. We suppose Popov to have been working very hard on the problem of radio
communication.
5. It is nice to be sitting here with you.
6. The device to be tested has been brought to our laboratory.
7. I am glad to be listening to this report now.
8. My friend was happy to have been given such an interesting assignment.
9. The group of engineers to solve the problem works at our Institute.
10. This parcel is too heavy to be sent by post.
blank.
1. They stopped … a cup of coffee before they continued doing the sights.
a) having b) to have c) to having
2. Would you mind … your name and address on the back of the cheque?
a) to write b) write c) writing
3. She seems … her morning exercises now.
a) to be doing b) doing c) to do
4. Did you mean for John … those letters?
a) mailing b) mail c) to mail
5. I suggest … the hospitals before asking the police to look for him.
a) ringing b) to ring c) ring
6. They made him … for the damage.
a) paying b) to pay c) pay
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7. We regret … you that you have failed your exam.
a) to inform b) inform c) informing
8. The doctor remembers … to this patient before.
a) to talk b) talk c) talking
9. It was impossible … the bicycle after his fall from the hill.
a) repairing b) to repair c) repair

1. The problem must not be too difficult to be solved by them.
2. This chemical element is to be found free in nature.
3. I ran out of money and had to borrow from Tom.
4. To explain this phenomenon is our task.
5. I had to work much before my entrance exams.
6. It is necessary to raise the temperature of the metal.
7. In order to know physics well, we must study hard.
8. The detective was to keep the affair secret.
9. To waste so much money on a toy like that was rather stupid.
10. Glass which is to be used for lenses must be almost colourless.
11. To arrive at a certain conclusion was the aim of the discussion.
12. You will have to get up earlier when you start you work, won’t you?

1. We saw the Dean enter the classroom.
2. The process to be described takes place as a result of the effect of the
electromagnetic field.
3. They seem to finish their investigation.
4. We suppose his book to have been published in many countries.
5. He considers this question to be of great importance.
6. The manager is believed to have left his office.
7. The only chance to see him was to come to his place.
8. She appears to be a very good specialist in this field.
9. Ann has never heard her husband speak about his youth.
10. Dr. J. Lewes was the first to use this effective method.
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1. The device to be tested was brought to our laboratory.
a) Для того чтобы испытать это устройство, его принесли в нашу
лабораторию.
b) Устройство, которое нужно испытать, принесли в нашу лабора
торию.
c) Испытанное устройство принесли в нашу лабораторию.
2. I want the students to describe the phenomenon.
a) Я хочу, чтобы студенты описали это явление.
b) Я хочу описать это явление студентам.
c) Студенты хотят, чтобы я описала это явление.
3. They arranged for the minister to be met at the airport.
a) Они договорились, чтобы министр встретил нас в аэропорту.
b) Они договорились, чтобы министра встретили в аэропорту.
c) Министр договорился, чтобы его встретили в аэропорту.
4. We are very glad to have invited him to the party.
a) Мы очень рады, что нас пригласили на вечер.
b) Мы очень рады, что нас пригласят на вечер.
c) Мы очень рады, что пригласили его на вечер.
5. The driver is supposed to be washing the car.
a) Предполагают, что водитель моет машину.
b) Водитель предполагает, что машину моют.
c) Водитель предполагает вымыть машину.
6. To be charged by induction, a body must be brought near to a charged
one.
a) Чтобы зарядить тело путем индукции, его нужно поднести к заря-
женному телу.
b) Тело, которое нужно зарядить путем индукции, подносят к заряжен-
ному телу.
c) Заряжаемое путем индукции тело нужно поднести к заряженному
телу.
7. The data obtained are to confirm the fact.
a) Полученные данные должны подтвердить этот факт.
b) Получили данные, подтверждающие этот факт.
c) Получение данных подтверждает этот факт.
8. This method has proved to give good results.
a) Этот метод доказал, что благодаря ему можно получить хорошие ре
зультаты.
b) Оказалось, что этот метод дает хорошие результаты.
c) Доказано, что этот метод дает хорошие результаты.
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9. Ann asked for the designs to be ready by Friday.
a) Анна попросила, чтобы проекты были готовы к пятнице.
b) Анна спросила, будут ли проекты готовы к пятнице.
c) Анна спросила о проектах, которые были готовы к пятнице.
Test 3
1. The Cup Final was to be played that afternoon.
2. To translate this article is not an easy thing to do.
3. You are supposed to have read the instructions.
4. He was pleased to have been travelling in Europe.
5. It is necessary for them to be taking part in this research now.
6. Here is the device to help you in your experiment.
7. He appears to have been informed about the fact.
8. I know this article to have been written by him last night.
9. She is sure to be invited to the conference.
10. To satisfy the people’s needs, we must create an abundance of goods.
II. Choose the right form of the Infinitive or the Gerund for filling in the blank.
1. She stopped … tennis every day after she had lost weight.
a) playing b) to play c) play
2. Would you like something … ?
a) drink b) to drink c) drinking
3. I remember … good-bye to everybody.
a) to be saying b) say c) saying
4. It seems unnecessary for him … work this week.
a) to be starting b) to start c) starting
5. It is no use his … , I shall never forgive him.
a) apologise b) apologising c) to apologise
6. He was the first mathematician in the world … that problem.
a) to solve b) to be solving c) solve
7. They agreed … my dog while I was on holiday.
a) to looking after b) look after c) to look after
8. We are happy … in the construction of this industrial giant.
a) to be taking part b) taking part c) take part
9. The next step will be … a diagram of the system.
a) producing b) to produce c) produce
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1. To abolish war is a problem that mankind will have to solve.
2. To carry out the experiment successfully, the young explorers applied the
latest types of electronic devices.
3. This experiment is to show the dependence of temperature on time.
4. To investigate this equation in many variables, one is to know the Cauchy
formula.
5. It is not so easy to master mathematics well.
6. New sources of cheap energy are to be found.
7. When I changed my job, I had to move to another apartment.
8. In order to leave the number unchanged in value, we are to multiply it by the
same power of ten.
9. He got up early in order to have some time to pack his suitcases.
10. They decided that she was to send them a telegram every tenth day.
11. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.
12. The terms of the contract are to be discussed at the end of the week.
1. The Youth Forum is supposed to open on July, 31.
2. Our delegation has come here to develop contacts in the field of culture.
3. They expect the meeting to be over in half an hour.
4. This student seems to work very hard.
5. The President was reported to speak to the nation on television tonight.
6. Our main task is to help the company to become profitable.
7. I heard Samanta tell the story.
8. We hoped to have finished that job by last Saturday.
9. Mr Smith didn’t want his secretary to find those papers.
10. He made me repeat the whole story.
1. To be published in a foreign journal, the article must be translated into
English.
a) Статья, которую опубликуют в зарубежном журнале, должна быть
переведена на английский язык.
b) Чтобы опубликовать статью в зарубежном журнале, ее следует пере-
вести на английский язык.
c) Необходимо опубликовать статью, переведенную на английский
язык, в зарубежном журнале.
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2. He was the first to tell the truth.
a) Он должен первым сказать правду.
b) Он первым сказал правду.
c) Он впервые сказал правду.
3. The conference to be held next month will take place at our institute.
a) Конференция, которая будет проведена в следующем месяце, состо-
ится в нашем институте.
b) Конференция должна быть проведена в следующем месяце в нашем
институте.
c) Конференцию проведут в нашем институте в следующем месяце.
4. To learn another language at your age is not easy.
a) Нелегко изучать иностранный язык в твоем возрасте.
b) Твой возраст является нелегким для изучения иностранного языка.
c) Нелегко в твоем возрасте выучить еще один иностранный язык.
5. He is likely to take part in this discussion.
a) Несомненно, он примет участие в этой дискуссии.
b) Ему нравится принимать участие в этой дискуссии.
c) Вероятно, он примет участие в этой дискуссии.
6. Liz suddenly felt someone touch her on the shoulder.
a) Лиз внезапно почувствовала, как кто-то дотронулся до ее плеча.
b) Внезапно кто-то дотронулся до плеча Лиз.
c) Внезапно Лиз дотронулась до чьего-то плеча.
7. For a mathematical sentence to be true, two conditions are to be
observed.
a) Математическое выражение останется верным, если будут соблюде-
ны два условия.
b) Два условия были соблюдены, чтобы математическое выражение
осталось верным.
c) Для того чтобы математическое выражение было верным, нужно со-
блюсти два условия.
8. Mary will have to answer a lot of questions at the interview.
a) Мэри придется ответить на много вопросов на собеседовании.
b) У Мэри есть ответы на многие вопросы к собеседованию.
c) Мэри ответит на много вопросов на собеседовании.
9. They required us to take an examination.
a) Мы потребовали, чтобы они сдавали экзамен.
b) От нас потребовали, чтобы мы сдавали экзамен.
c) Они потребовали, чтобы мы сдали экзамен.
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Test 4
1. His life’s ambition was to become an economist.
2. I was told to be waiting outside the station at 6 o’clock.
3. Kate was very sorry not to have met him before.
4. Jack ordered his dog to bring him his slippers.
5. He seems to be following us.
6. I am delighted to have been helping him.
7. Billy didn’t expect to be asked such a question.
8. The child was upset to have been brought home.
9. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
10. To interpret the experimental results without the adequate knowledge of
theory is not so easy.
blank.
1. They suggested … dinner in an Indian restaurant.
a) to have b) having c) have
2. Would you mind … so much noise? I am trying to concentrate.
a) not to make b) not making c) not make
3. I had been working for several hours, then I stopped … a rest.
a) to have b) having c) have
4. Please, remember … the dog before you leave for work.
a) feeding b) feed c) to feed
5. He pretends … the morning newspapers now.
a) to be looking through b) to look through c) looking through
6. He made me … his instructions.
a) to repeat b) repeating c) repeat
7. In the middle of his speech he stopped … some water.
a) to drink b) drinking c) drink
8. It never occurred to me … the house.
a) to be insuring b) to insure c) insuring
9. It was difficult … the situation on the road under control.
a) holding b) hold c) to hold
10. At the age of twenty his intention was … single.
a) to stay b) staying c) stay
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1. To understand this phenomenon, the laws of motion should be considered.
2. It is difficult to find a place to park in the city.
3. We use altimeters to measure height above sea level.
4. The cleaning is to be finished by midday.
5. To achieve so much by the age of 25 is wonderful.
6. We are to study the main laws of mechanics.
7. In order to see the dependence between these two values, look at the
graph.
8. We were to finish our project in a week but could not do that.
9. It was very unfair of him to criticize me.
10. I’ve got to go or my boss will wonder where I am.
11. Silence is to be kept during the examination.

1. He is believed to have crossed the frontier last night.
2. We know Elisabeth to have been studying at the university for 3 years.
3. They expected the Board of Experts to realize the advantages of his
device.
4. Newton is said to be a great scientist.
5. I would like my breakfast to be cooked at seven in the morning.
6. Carol was excited to have been spoken to.
7. She hates her husband to smoke so much.
8. Everybody noticed her get pale when she entered the room.
9. Don’t make me tell him about it.
10. The object of those experiments was to compare the relative weight of two
substances.
1. It is important for the meeting to start on time.
a) Нам важно было начать собрание вовремя.
b) Важно, чтобы собрание начали вовремя.
c) Важное собрание начнут вовремя.
2. The carpets to be cleaned are in the garage.
a) Ковры, которые нужно почистить, находятся в гараже.
b) Почищенные ковры находятся в гараже.
c) Ковры, которые почистили, находятся в гараже.
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3. They are believed to have landed in America.
a) Полагают, что они высадились в Америке.
b) Они предполагают, что высадятся в Америке.
c) Им предложили высадиться в Америке.
4. To catch the train, you have to hurry.
a) Вы поспешите и успеете на поезд.
b) Если вы не поспешите, вы не успеете на поезд.
c) Чтобы успеть на поезд, вам нужно поспешить.
5. He will not make me come back.
a) Я ничего не сделаю, чтобы он вернулся.
b) Он не заставит меня вернуться.
c) Я не заставляю его вернуться.
6. Usually they don’t have to go shopping every day.
a) Им не нужно будет ходить в магазин каждый день.
b) Обычно им не приходится ходить в магазин каждый день.
c) Обычно они не ходят в магазин каждый день.
7. I was the last to learn about the expedition.
a) Я последним узнал об экспедиции.
b) Я узнал о последней экспедиции.
c) Узнавать об экспедиции было поздно.
8. We both heard him say that Helen was leaving.
a) Мы оба слышали, как Елена сказала, что он уезжает.
b) Мы оба сказали ему, что Елена уезжает.
c) Мы оба слышали, как он сказал, что Елена уезжает.
9. He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
a) Он считает, что нужно прятаться в лесу.
b) Считают, что он прячется в лесу.
c) Он думает, что все прячутся в лесу.
Test 5
1. Our duty was to inform them about it immediately.
2. I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot.
3. They turned out to have been waiting for ages.
4. I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived.
5. Most things are sure to be made of plastic these days.
6. The workers were proud to have built several blocks of flats before the fixed
time.
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7. We were greatly surprised to have received your letter.
8. She does not appear to be trying to do the job.
9. She got offended to have been asked such a question.
10. My next plan for the holiday is to visit Europe.
blank.
1. He seems … everything about it.
a) knowing b) to know c) to be knowing
2. I suggest … the cinema to find out what time the film begins.
a) calling b) to call c) call
3. Will you let me … this book?
a) read b) to read c) reading
4. It is worth … to Wales if you have time.
a) to be going b) to go c) going
5. I don’t remember … him at the party.
a) to see b) seeing c) see
6. Our aim is for students … as quickly as possible.
a) to be learning b) learning c) to learn
7. The news was so pleasant that we couldn’t help … .
a) smiling b) to smile c) to smiling
8. Robert gave up … football two years ago.
a) to play b) playing c) play
9. It is a great privilege … hands with the President.
a) to shake b) shaking c) shake
10. In our opinion, this famous writer is … an award.
a) giving b) to give c)to be given

1. It is not necessary to explain this simple fact.
2. To see the performance, we bought tickets in advance.
3. Use is to be made of the data obtained.
4. To stop at this stage would be a great pity.
5. The results of the experiment are to be analysed.
6. I decided to move to a new flat to be near my work.
7. This wall is to keep people out of the garden.
8. To be instructed by such good specialists was a great advantage.
9. To cross the border of this country, she needs a visa.
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10. You are to stay here until you have apologised.
11. In order to play tennis well, you should practice a lot.
1. We know him to be a very good sportsman.
2. The cold weather was not expected to come so soon.
3. You seem to have annoyed Ann yesterday.
4. Her desk is covered with forms to be filled in.
5. Cats are supposed to be afraid of dogs.
6. She appeared not to have understood anything.
7. I once heard him give a talk on Japanese politics.
8. She was sorry to have missed Bill.
9. The company is unlikely to buy this expensive device.
10. The aim of the talks is to discuss the current economic crisis.
1. She regretted not to have been invited to the party.
a) Она сожалела, что ее не пригласили на вечеринку.
b) Они с сожалением пригласили ее на вечеринку.
c) Получив приглашение на вечеринку, она сожалела об этом.
2. It is necessary for the telegram to be sent urgently.
a) Телеграмма, посланная немедленно, оказалась необходимой.
b) Необходимо, чтобы телеграмму послали немедленно.
c) Необходимую телеграмму послали немедленно.
3. You are supposed to know the laws of the country.
a) Вы должны знать законы страны.
b) Предполагают, что вы знаете законы страны.
c) Вам предлагают знать законы страны.
4. The method to be applied is rather complicated.
a) Нужно применить довольно сложный метод.
b) Применили довольно сложный метод.
c) Метод, который будет применен, довольно сложен.
5. The professor wanted the students to explain the laws of motion.
a) Профессор хотел объяснить студентам законы движения.
b) Профессор хотел, чтобы студентам объяснили законы движения.
c) Профессор хотел, чтобы студенты объяснили законы движения.
6. I am likely to be late home this evening.
a) Вероятно, сегодня я приду домой поздно вечером.
b) Мне нравится приходить домой поздно вечером.
c) Я прихожу домой поздно вечером и мне это нравится.
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7. He was to buy tickets for the Final Cup beforehand.
a) Он смог купить билеты на финал Кубка заранее.
b) Он купил билеты на финал Кубка заранее.
c) Он должен был купить билеты на финал Кубка заранее.
8. For her to win the election will make me very happy.
a) Ее победа на выборах принесет мне счастье.
b) Я буду очень рад, если она победит на выборах.
c) Для нее победа на выборах будет счастьем.
9. She didn’t let me see what she was doing.
a) Я не позволила ей посмотреть, чем занимаюсь.
b) Она не видела, чем я занимаюсь.
c) Она не позволила мне посмотреть, чем она занимается.
The Mood
Test 1
I. Define the type of the conditional sentence.
a) I type b) II type c) III type d) mixed type
1. Had I known she was the examiner, I wouldn’t have made a silly joke.
2. Paul will ruin his shirt if he climbs that tree.
3. If she had passed her driving test, she would have bought a car.
4. If you had run faster, you could have caught the bus.
5. If I hadn’t worked hard all my life, I shouldn’t be where I am now.
6. I could have become an accountant if I were good at maths.
7. If I am not busy, I’ll visit you.
8. No one would mind in the least if you didn’t make such a noise.
9. If I had met you before, my life would be different now.
10. He will attend the seminars provided he finds them interesting.
II. Identify the type of conditionals, then choose the right form for filling in
the blank.
1. Were Mr. Johnson here, I … to him.
a) spoke b) should speak c) shall speak
2. But for your advice I … to solve my problems.
a) am not able b) will not be able c) wouldn’t have been able
3. If I … someone trying to break in, I will call the police.
a) saw b) will see c) see
4. If she …more careful, she wouldn’t make mistakes so often.
a) had been b) were c) is
5. If I were a good swimmer, I … him then.
a) could have saved b) can save c) will be able to save
6. If you … so much money, I wouldn’t be angry now.
a) didn’t spend b) don’t spend c) had not spent
7. If I … a teacher, I should have liked to be an actor.
a) hadn’t become b) didn’t become c) will not become
8. If I … him now, I shouldn’t recognize him.
a) meet b) had met c) met
9. If it … not for him, I shouldn’t know what to do.
a) was b) were c) is
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10. Unless you … warm clothes, you will get cold.
a) don’t wear b) will not wear c) wear
III. Complete the following sentences, expressing an unreal wish.

1. I wish I … use a computer well.
a) could b) can c) will be able
2. If only he … me , I should have helped him.
a) has asked b) had asked c) asked
3. I wish I … your advice then.
a) followed b) follow c) had followed
4. If only I … a little bit slimmer.
a) were b) am c) have been
5. I wish you … watching television while I am talking to you.
a) stop b) will stop c) would stop
6. I wish I … more money.
a) have b) had c) will have
7. He won’t let me leave early but I wish he ... .
a) has b) does c) would
8. I didn’t pay attention to the teacher’s instructions in class but I wish I ... .
a) had b) have c) would have
IV. Identify whether the action refers to the present or to the past. Fill in the
gaps with the appropriate form of the verb.
1. You … book your flight early.
a) would better b) had better c) had rather
2. Suppose Helen ... your ex-boyfriend, would you still go to the party?
a) invited b) invites c) will invite
3. She is treating you as if she … you.
a) didn’t know b) doesn’t know c) will not know
4. It’s strange that in a house full of people no one … the shot.
a) has heard b) should have heard c) didn’t hear
5. I drew a plan of the place for him lest he … his way.
a) will lose b) lost c) should lose
6. I … you had behaved properly at the party last night.
a) would rather b) would better c) had better
7. It is time he … us the aim of his visit.
a) will tell b) told c) would tell
8. Why do you insist that he … about her arrival?
a) will be told b) would be told c) should be told
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9. It’s impossible that he ... what he told you.
a) meant b) should have meant c) means
10. I’d rather you ... me yourself that you were leaving.
a) had told b) tell c) would tell
V. Find the Russian equivalent for the following English sentences.
1. I wish he had told me what to do in such cases.
a) Я хочу, чтобы он сказал мне, что делать в таких случаях.
b) Он хотел, чтобы я сказал, что делать в таких случаях.
c) Жаль, что он не сказал мне, что делать в таких случаях.
2. If I lost my job, I would find life very difficult.
a) Если я потеряю работу, жизнь будет очень трудной.
b) Если бы я потерял работу, я бы считал жизнь очень трудной.
c) Если я теряю работу, я считаю, что жизнь очень трудная.
3. It is important that you should warn him in time.
a) Вам следует предупредить его о том, что это важно, вовремя.
b) Важно, чтобы вы предупредили его вовремя.
c) Об этом важном деле вам следует предупредить его вовремя.
4. It is time we left if we don’t want to miss the bus.
a) Мы должны уйти сейчас, если мы не хотим опоздать на автобус.
b) Мы вышли вовремя, чтобы не опоздать на автобус.
c) Нам пора уходить, если мы не хотим опоздать на автобус.
5. I’d rather they stayed at the hotel the next time they are in town.
a) Я бы предпочел, чтобы они остановились в отеле, когда они будут в
городе в следующий раз.
b) Я предпочитал, чтобы они останавливались в отеле, когда приезжа-
ют в город.
c) Они предпочитали останавливаться в отеле, когда бывали в городе.
6. Will you, please, stop discussing me as if I were not present?
a) Пожалуйста, прекратите обсуждение моего подарка.
b) Пожалуйста, прекратите обсуждать мое отсутствие.
c) Пожалуйста, прекратите обсуждать меня, словно меня здесь нет.
7. If only I had taken that job in the USA last year.
a) Если бы я только согласился на эту работу в США в прошлом году!
b) Только я не согласился на эту работу в США в прошлом году.
c) Если бы только я не согласился на эту работу в США в прошлом году.
VI. Find the English equivalent for the following Russian sentences.
1. Если я закончу проект вовремя, я возьму несколько выходных
дней.
a) If I will finish the project in time, I’ll take a few days off.
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b) If I finish the project in time, I shall take a few days off.
c) If I finished the project in time, I should take a few days off.
2. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы пошел на компьютерные
курсы.
a) If I were you, I should attend a computer course.
b) If I am you, I shall attend a computer course.
c) If I had been you, I should have attended a computer course.
3. Если бы они нас пригласили, мы бы пошли на вечеринку тогда.
a) If they invited us, we would go to the party.
b) If they had invited us, we would go to the party.
c) If they had invited us, we would have gone to the party.
4. Так ли это необходимо, чтобы его наказали?
a) Is it so necessary that he should be punished?
b) Is it so necessary that he was punished?
c) Is it so necessary that he will be punished?
5. Она всегда дарит нам подарки, словно она наша родственница.
a) She always gives us presents as if she is a relation.
b) She always gives us presents as if she were a relation.
c) She always gives us presents as if she had been a relation.
Test 2
1. Had he written me a letter, I should have known that he had lost his job.
2. His French won’t improve unless he studies more.
3. He would go to the cinema if he were not reading for the exam.
4. If we hadn’t taken the wrong turning, we wouldn’t have arrived late.
5. The building wouldn’t have fallen down if it hadn’t been so old.
6. She would be well now if she had stayed in bed a few days longer.
7. If she had been told to come, she would be here now.
8. If she had had a car then, she could have driven there.
9. Your health would be better if you stopped experimenting with diets.
10. He will speak at the conference in case he hands in his paper in time.
the blank.
1. If it … for your help and understanding, I should have achieved nothing.
a) hasn’t been b) hadn’t been c) didn’t
2. … he an honest person, he would have told the truth.
a) Is b) Be c) Were
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3. But for her nose which is a little long she … rather pretty now.
a) would be b) will be c) is
4. If you … , you will miss the train.
a) won’t hurry b) don’t hurry c) didn’t hurry
5. If Steve ..., tell him I will be back in ten minutes.
a) will call b) called c) calls
6. If I … in your place, I should buy a new suit.
a) would be b) am c) were
7. I should be much better if you … asking me how I feel.
a) had stopped b) stopped c) stop
8. If I … an umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet.
a) had taken b) have taken c) took
9. If the ship ... Plymouth yesterday, it would be in Spain now.
a) has left b) had left c) left
10. If you ... the directions, this device would have worked longer.
a) had followed b) followed c) have followed
1. I wish I … her about it.
a) will be able to tell b) can tell c) could tell
2. I wish you … this yesterday. Now Mary knows everything.
a) haven’t told b) hadn’t told c) didn’t tell
3. If only George ... on time when we arrange to go out.
a) has arrived b) arrived c) had arrived
4. Bruce wishes he … more money so that he could buy a new sweater.
5. If only he … more tactful!
a) were b) is c) will be
6. I wish you… less noise. I cannot concentrate on my work.
a) will make b) make c) would make
7. He hasn’t got a car but he wishes he ... .
8. He always brings his dog to my house but I really wish he ... .
a) won’t b) wouldn’t c) doesn’t
1. You … not borrow the money. You won’t be able to give it back.
a) had better b) would rather c) would better
2. Suppose you … to the party last night, would you have gone?
a) had been invited b) were invited c) have been invited
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3. She behaved as if she …nothing of what had happened.
a) knows b) would know c) knew
4. He was afraid lest his secret... by his friends.
a) was discovered b) should be discovered c) has been discovered
5. I ... you hadn’t given up that promising job at the bank.
a) had better b) would rather c) had rather
6. It is about time you … your mind about that matter.
a) make up b) made up c) had made up
7. It was doubtful that anyone … of his arrival.
a) should have learned b) would have learned c) learned
8. He was the only one to insist that the matter ….
a) will be investigated b) was investigated c) should be investigated
9. Some students suggested that the seminars … place on Monday.
a) should take b) took c) will take
10. I’d rather you … any names at this meeting.
a) don’t mention b) won’t mention c) didn’t mention
1. If he didn’t like his job, he would look for another one.
a) Если ему не нравилась его работа, он искал другую.
b) Если бы ему не нравилась его работа, он бы искал другую.
c) Если ему не нравится его работа, он ищет другую.
2. I demanded that they should show me the letter.
a) Я потребовал, чтобы они показали мне письмо.
b) Я потребовал, что им показали письмо.
c) Я потребовал, чтобы письмо было мне показано.
3. I wish someone had warned me against him.
a) Я хочу предупредить кое-кого держаться от него подальше.
b) Жаль, что никто не предупредил меня держаться от него подальше.
c) Жаль, что его предупредили держаться от меня подальше.
4. It is high time you did something about that car.
a) Пора, чтобы эта машина работала.
b) Тебе давно пора сделать что-нибудь с этой машиной.
c) Вы давно уже что-то делаете с этой машиной.
5. Mum would rather we cleaned our rooms today.
a) Мама предпочла бы, чтобы мы убрали наши комнаты сегодня.
b) Мама была вполне довольна, что мы убрали наши комнаты сегодня.
c) Мама хочет, чтобы мы убрали наши комнаты сегодня.
6. They joked and laughed as if they were close friends.
a) Они шутили и смеялись, словно близкие друзья.
b) Они шутили и смеялись, когда были близкими друзьями.
c) Они бы шутили и смеялись, если бы были близкими друзьями.
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7. If only I hadn’t left the window open.
a) Не только я оставлял окно открытым.
b) Только не я оставил окно открытым.
c) Ах, если бы я только не оставил окно открытым!
1. Важно, чтобы дети посещали школу.
a) It’s important that children should attend school.
b) It’s important that children will attend school.
c) It’s important that children attended school.
2. Жизнь была бы скучной, если бы у всех были одинаковые взгляды.
a) Life will be boring if everyone has the same viewpoints.
b) Life would be boring if everyone had the same viewpoints.
c) Life would have been boring if everyone had the same viewpoints.
3. Если бы они посмотрели карту, они бы не потерялись тогда.
a) If they looked at the map, they wouldn’t have got lost then.
b) If they had looked at the map, they won’t be lost then.
c) If they had looked at the map, they wouldn’t have got lost then.
4. Он говорил по-французски, как настоящий француз.
a) He spoke French as if he is a real Frenchman.
b) He spoke French as if he were a real Frenchman.
c) He spoke French as if he had been a real Frenchman.
5. Если он позвонит, я расскажу ему новости.
a) If he will call, I’ll tell him the news.
b) If he calls, I’ll tell him the news.
c) If he called, I would tell him the news.
Test 3
1. Had I watched the weather forecast, I should have known that it was going to rain.
2. As long as you are very careful, you can use my CD player.
3. If you had asked about it, I could have told you everything.
4. You would feel much better now if you hadn’t spent a sleepless night.
5. If I liked pop music, I should have come to the concert with you.
6. If I were a pilot, I would fly around the world.
7. Dave will be home at 6 o’clock provided he catches the 5 o’clock bus.
8. Father would let you take the car if you left it clean.
9. What foreign language will he learn in case he takes up a postgraduate
course?
10. If you had come to the theatre with me yesterday, you would have enjoyed
the play.
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the blank.
1. But for my shoes I ... the party yesterday.
a) enjoyed b) have enjoyed c) would have enjoyed
2. Were I you, I ... some warmer clothes.
a) should put on b) put on c) will put on
3. If you … loudly, you will wake up the baby.
a) will speak b) spoke c) speak
4. If I … more time, I would take up tennis.
a) had b) had had c) will have
5. He ... this job in the bank if he hadn’t been an Oxford graduate.
a) will not have b) wouldn’t have got c) wouldn’t have
6. If he ... the approaching car, there would have been a serious accident.
a) hadn’t noticed b) haven’t noticed c) didn’t notice
7. If it were not for the wind, the weather ... perfect.
a) would have been b) will be c) would be
8. If you ... so much ice – cream, you wouldn’t feel sick now.
a) haven’t eaten b) didn’t eat c) hadn’t eaten
9. I would stay to the end of the meeting if I ... Mother to be back by ten.
a) hadn’t promised b) didn’t promise c) haven’t promised
10. Unless you ... me, I won’t finish this project on time.
a) will help b) help c) don’t help
III. Complete the following sentences expressing an unreal wish.

1. I wish she … to visit us last weekend.
a) came b) had come c) have come
2. Tom wishes he … all of his money yesterday.
a) hadn’t spent b) hasn’t spent c) didn’t spent
3. If only I … on this message from Tom to you then.
a) have passed b) had passed c) will pass
4. I wish I … a composition for the next lesson.
a) will not have to write b) don’t have to write c) didn’t have to write
5. If only she … us why she is crying.
a) told b) tell c) tells
6. I wish they … arguing. They are making a lot of noise.
a) will stop b) stop c) would stop
7. She can’t afford an expensive trip to Spain but she wishes she ... .
a) could b) can c) will be able to
8. They probably won’t change their minds but I wish they... .
a) will b) would c) do
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1. It was impossible that they … nothing.
a) know b) knew c) should know
2. You … not go out tonight. The classes at school start early in the morning.
a) would better b) had better c) would better
3. Suppose you … a millionaire, what would you buy?
a) be b) will be c) were
4. You behaved as if you … a baby in your life.
a) had never seen b) has never seen c) didn’t see
5. He demanded that we … the room.
a) shall clean b) cleaned c) should clean
6. We also asked her to come to the party lest she….
a) is hurt b) should be hurt c) will be hurt
7. I’d rather you … a full-time job than a part time-job.
a) have got b) had got c) will have got
8. It is high time somebody … me what it is all about.
a) told b) tell c) will tell
9. She suggests that you … with the children to the park.
a) went b) should go c) will go
10. I’d rather you … your homework before you go out.
a) did b) do c) will do
1. Jane wishes she hadn’t spent all that money on new clothes.
a) Джейн жалеет, что она потратила все деньги на новую одежду.
b) Джейн хочет потратить все деньги на новую одежду.
c) Джейн жалеет тратить все деньги на новую одежду.
2. If he were more sociable, he would have more friends.
a) Если он будет более общительным, у него будет больше друзей.
b) Когда он был более общительным, у него было больше друзей.
c) Если бы он был более общительным, у него было бы больше друзей.
3. Do you think it is necessary that I should stay here any longer?
a) Думаете вам будет необходимо, чтобы я оставался здесь дольше?
b) Вы думаете, что это необходимо, и что мне следует остаться здесь
дольше?
c) Вы думаете необходимо, чтобы я оставался здесь дольше?
4. It’s time they went home.
a) Им пора идти домой.
b) Когда нужно будет, они уйдут домой.
c) В этот раз они ушли домой.
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5. I’d rather you didn’t interrupt me when I’m talking.
a) Я люблю, когда меня не прерывают во время разговора.
b) Я бы предпочел, чтобы вы не прерывали меня, когда я говорю.
c) Когда я разговариваю, меня лучше не беспокоить.
6. The boy looks as if he were running a high temperature.
a) Мальчик видит, что у него температура.
b) Мальчик выглядит так, словно у него высокая температура.
c) Мальчику кажется, что у него температура.
7. If only I had bought those shoes we saw yesterday.
a) Я купил не только туфли вчера.
b) Мы увидели эти туфли вчера, и я их купил.
c) Ах, если бы я только купил те туфли, которые мы видели вчера!
1. Невероятно, что туристы переправились через эту опасную реку.
a) It’s unbelievable that the tourists should have crossed this dangerous river.
b) It’s unbelievable that the tourists had crossed this dangerous river.
c) It’s unbelievable that the tourists would have crossed this dangerous river.
2. Если бы ему сейчас было восемнадцать, он смог бы уже голосовать
на выборах.
a) If he had been eighteen, he would have been able to vote at the elections.
b) If he were eighteen, he would be able to vote at the elections.
c) If he is eighteen, he will be able to vote at the elections.
3. Если бы я встал вчера пораньше, я бы не опоздал на работу.
a) If I got up earlier yesterday, I wouldn’t be late for my work.
b) If I had got up earlier yesterday, I wouldnt’ have been late for my work.
c) If I get up earlier yesterday, I won’t be late for my work.
4. Если фильм начнется скоро, я его посмотрю.
a) If the film will start soon, I shall watch it.
b) If the film started soon, I should watch it.
c) If the film starts soon, I shall watch it.
5. Она будет обращаться с вами так, словно она вас не знает.
a) She will treat you as if she doesn’t know you.
b) She will treat you as if she didn’t know you.
c) She will treat you as if she wouldn’t know you.
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Test 4
1. Had he behaved better, he wouldn’t have been expelled from the
University.
2. If Andrew were taller, he could be a basketball player.
3. If I had made plans for the evening, I wouldn’t be bored now.
4. She would be here if she hadn’t missed the night bus from Dublin.
5. She will learn English in one year in case she works hard.
6. The children would not annoy you if you didn’t pay attention to them.
7. You would know what to do if you had studied the matter carefully.
8. If he hadn’t run out of money, he would have gone to Egypt last year.
9. As long as you promise to behave yourself, you can stay at your friend’s for
the summer.
10. They wouldn’t have missed their plane if they hadn’t woken up late.
the blank.
1. But for the spelling mistakes the composition … excellent.
a) is b) was c) would have been
2. Were I you, I … tell her how you feel about all this.
a) will tell b) should tell c) told
3. If he had offered this interesting job to me, I … it.
a) should accept b) will accept c) should have accepted
4. If you ... patient for a few minutes, I shall be able to finish this letter.
a) are b) will be c) were
5. The throat symptoms would trouble you less if you ... so much.
a) don’t smoke b) didn’t smoke c) hadn’t smoked
6. I would be grateful if you ... me any information you may have.
a) sent b) would sent c) had sent
7. If you had started the course in Geometry earlier, you … the exam.
a) can pass b) could have passed c) will be able to pass
8. If I … to the party last Saturday, I could have met my old friends.
a) have gone b) went c) had gone
9. The manager won’t sign the contract unless he …it first.
a) doesn’t study b) studies c) will study
10. I wouldn’t have lent him the money if he…in such a difficult situation.
a) has not been b) wasn’t been c) hadn’t been
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1. I wish I … tickets for the last night’s rock concert.
a) could have bought b) will be able to buy c) can buy
2. I wish I … on the beach now.
a) were lying b) am lying c) will be lying
3. If only I … the chance to study when I was younger.
a) have had b) will have c) had had
4. I wish it … raining.
a) stops b) would stop c) will stop
5. If only I … the answer to this difficult question now.
a) knew b) know c) will know
6. I wish Emily … with us to the country then.
a) went b) has gone c) had gone
7. She had his hair cut really short but now she wishes she ... .
a) hadn’t b) had c) didn’t
8. He is going to the dentist this afternoon but he wishes he ... .
a) were b) weren’t c) won’t be
1. Her suggestion is that the conference … place right here.
a) took b) will take c) should take
2. You … phone your mother as she is worried about you.
a) would better b) had better c) had rather
3. Suppose you … the truth then, what would you have done?
a) knew b) have known c) had known
4. She burst out laughing as if she ... the incident very funny.
a) found b) has found c) is finding
5. Her friends think it strange that she … any friends at the camp.
a) should not have made b) doesn’t make c) hasn’t made
6. She doesn’t eat any sweets lest she …weight.
a) puts on b) should put on c) will put on
7. I’d rather Sam ... his music so loud.
a) didn’t play b) doesn’t play c) won’t play
8. It was high time she … dinner and we began to lay the table.
a) will prepare b) prepared c) prepares
9. Why do you insist that you … the first to answer?
a) should be b) are c) will be
10. I ... the children had gone to bed earlier last night.
a) would rather b) had better c) had rather
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1. I’d rather you didn’t take my car.
a) Я бы предпочел, чтобы ты не брал мою машину.
b) Я бы лучше не брал твою машину.
c) Я не возражал, чтобы ты брал мою машину.
2. It is possible that he should change his mind.
a) Возможно, что ему следует изменить свое решение.
b) Возможно, что он изменит свое решение.
с) Он может изменить свое решение.
3. If only I hadn’t promised to do it.
a) Если бы не я пообещал сделать это!
b) Не только я пообещал сделать это.
c) Ах, если бы я не пообещал сделать это!
4. I wish I had gone to the library yesterday.
a) Я хочу пойти в ту библиотеку, в которой был вчера.
b) Жаль, что я не сходил в библиотеку вчера.
c) Я хотел сходить в библиотеку вчера.
5. If James had more free time, he would go to the gym every week.
a) Если у Джеймса будет больше времени, он будет ходить в спортзал
каждую неделю.
b) Если бы у Джеймса было больше времени, он бы ходил в спортзал
c) Если у Джеймса появляется больше времени, он ходит в спортзал
6. It is time you stopped bothering about it.
a) Пора перестать беспокоиться об этом.
b) Ты остановился вовремя, чтобы побеспокоиться об этом.
c) Настало время, и ты перестал беспокоиться об этом.
7. Look, her eyes are red as if she had been crying.
a) Посмотри, у нее покраснели глаза, и она заплакала.
b) Посмотри, у нее были бы красные глаза, если бы она плакала.
c) Посмотри, у нее покраснели глаза, словно она плакала.
1. Невозможно, чтобы никто не видел машину, когда она проезжала
через деревню.
a) It’s impossible that nobody has seen the car when it was passing through
the village.
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b) It’s impossible that nobody saw the car when it was passing through the
village.
c) It’s impossible that nobody should have seen the car when it was passing
through the village.
2. Если ты не закончишь домашнюю работу, ты не сможешь посмо-
треть свою любимую программу.
a) If you won’t finish your home work, you won’t be able to watch your fa-
vourite programme.
b) If you don’t finish your home work, you won’t be able to watch your fa-
vourite programme.
c) If you haven’t finished your home work, you won’t be able to watch your
favourite programme.
3. Если бы у меня была собака, я бы назвал ее Spot.
a) If I have a dog, I will call it Spot.
b) If I had a dog, I will call it Spot.
c) If I had a dog, I would call it Spot.
4. Будь она тогда поосторожнее, она бы не сломала руку.
a) Had she been more careful, she wouldn’t have broken her arm.
b) Has she been more careful, she wouldn’t have broken her arm.
c) Had she been more careful, she wouldn’t break her arm.
5. Через неделю он будет бегать и прыгать, словно и не болел.
a) In a week he will be running and jumping as if he hadn’t been ill.
b) In a week he will be running and jumping as if he wasn’t ill.
c) In a week he will be running and jumping as if he hasn’t been ill.
Test 5
1. Had she been asked, she would have given her permission.
2. I’ll give them my new address in case they want to write me a letter.
3. If I were you, I shouldn’t travel on my own, because I don’t know any for-
eign language.
4. If he didn’t eat a lot of sweets, he wouldn’t have problems with his teeth.
5. I wouldn’t have been able to do it unless she had helped me.
6. If I hadn’t been so busy, I would have gone to the cinema yesterday.
7. I would stay and help if I hadn’t promised Ann to be home at 6 o’clock.
8. If it hadn’t rained heavily all night, we would try to cross the river now.
9. I’ll carry out the experiment provided I am given necessary instructions.
10. We’ll begin the discussion at 10 o’clock provided Sam comes on time.
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the blank.
1. … I heard any news, I would have told you immediately.
a) Having b) Have c) Had
2. But for your help and understanding this book ... .
a) won’t have been written b) wouldn’t be written
c) wouldn’t have been written
3. Unless you … to bed now, you will be tired in the morning.
a) will go b) go c) won’t
4. If Mark … younger, he could join the youth club.
a) were b) be c) is
5. I should work much better if you … me all the time.
a) had not interrupted b) didn’t interrupt c) don’t interrupt
6. She … last year if she hadn’t argued with her boss.
a) were promoted b) would be promoted c) would have been promoted
7. If you … the directions, you would have finished the test on time.
a) had followed b) have followed c) followed
8. I … you this picture if I hadn’t left this book at home.
a) will show b) would show c) would have shown
9. If I … how to drive a car, I would have got the job.
a) knew b) known c) have known
10. But for that strange colour of her hair she … quite a pretty girl.
a) will be b) would be c) was

1. I wish I … speak Italian.
a) could b) will be able to c) can
2. I wish children … computer games less.
a) will play b) would play c) play
3. If only I … how to solve this problem now.
a) have known b) knew c) know
4. Ann wishes she … high school.
a) will finish b) has finished c) had finished
5. I wish I … a compass with me now.
a) had b) have c) will have
6. If only I … all my money. Now I am broken.
a) haven’t lost b) didn’t lose c) had not lost
7. They probably won’t change their minds but I wish they ... .
a) would b) didn’t c) had
8. I forgot to send this letter yesterday but I wish I ... .
a) didn’t b) hadn’t c) had
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1. We … book a table in this popular restaurant in advance.
a) would better b) had better c) are better
2. Suppose you … a film star, what would you say?
a) meet b) met c) will met
3. I suggest that we … the washing up ourselves.
a) shall do b) did c) should do
4. She discussed the book as if she … it.
a) read b) has read c) had read
5. I … Tom studied harder for his exam in Geometry. He is not very good at
Maths.
a) would rather b) would better c) had better
6. She kept repeating the directions lest I … in the city.
a) will get lost b) should get lost c) got lost
7. Father said it was high time we … how much our education cost him.
a) realized b) will realize c) should realize
8. It’s doubtful that he … his promise.
a) forgot b) forgotten c) should have forgotten
9. No one insisted that you … .
a) will come b) should come c) would come
10. I’d rather you … me about the house.
a) helped b) would help c) will help
1. I wish you had paid attention to your teacher’s instructions.
a) Жаль, что ты тогда не обратил внимание на указания учителя.
b) Я хочу, чтобы ты обращал внимание на указания учителя.
c) Я хотел обратить внимание учителя на эти инструкции.
2. If money grew on trees, all of us would be rich.
a) Если деньги будут расти на деревьях, мы все будем богатыми.
b) Если бы деньги росли на деревьях, мы бы все были богатыми.
c) Если бы мы растили деньги на деревьях, то все стали бы богатыми.
3. It is surprising that he should have helped them.
a) Удивительно, что ему следует помогать.
b) Удивительно, что им следует помогать.
c) Удивительно, что он помог им.
4. It’s time it stopped raining.
a) Дождю пора уже прекратиться.
b) Пора прекратить этот дождь.
c) Настала пора, и дождь прекратился.
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5. I’d rather Kate stayed with us tonight.
a) Кейт предпочла остаться сегодня вечером у нас.
b) Кейт предпочитает оставаться по вечерам у нас.
c) Я бы предпочел, чтобы Кейт осталась сегодня вечером у нас.
6. She smiled and waved me as if she had just noticed me.
a) Она улыбнулась и помахала мне, словно только что заметила меня.
b) Она улыбалась и махала мне рукой каждый раз, когда замечала меня.
c) Она улыбнулась и помахала рукой, заметив меня.
7. If only I hadn’t bought this jacket. It’s too large.
a) Я купил не только этот жакет. Этот слишком велик.
b) Ах, если бы я только не купил этот жакет! Он слишком велик.
c) Я не купил этот жакет. Он слишком велик.
1. Если бы я вчера лег спать пораньше, я бы не опоздал на экзамен.
a) If I went to bed earlier yesterday, I wouldn’t be late for the exam.
b) If I had gone to bed earlier yesterday, I wouldn’t have been late for the
exam.
c) If I go to bed earlier yesterday, I won’t be late for the exam.
2. Если бы завтра была хорошая погода, мы бы поехали на уик-энд за
город.
a) If the weather were fine tomorrow, we will go to the country for the
weekend.
b) If the weather were fine tomorrow, we would go to the country for the
weekend.
c) If the weather had been fine tomorrow, we would have gone to the country
for the weekend.
3. Не мoжет быть, чтобы он сумел найти тогда эту дорогу в темноте.
a) It’s impossible that he should have found the road in the dark.
b) It’s impossible that he has found the road in the dark.
c) It’s impossible that he had found the road in the dark.
4. Если они откажутся действовать, мы напишем об этом во все газеты.
a) If they will refuse to act, we shall write about it to all newspapers.
b) If they refused to act, we should write about it to all newspapers.
c) If they refuse to act, we shall write about it to all newspapers.
5. Вы говорите так, словно знаете, как мне помочь.
a) You speak as if you know how to help me.
b) You speak as if you knew how to help me.
c) You speak as if you have known how to help me.
Contents
Предисловие................................................................................................... 3
Tenses.............................................................................................................. 4
Modal Verbs..................................................................................................... 25
The Participle................................................................................................... 44
The Gerund..................................................................................................... 60
The Infinitive.................................................................................................... 76
The Mood......................................................................................................... 91
Учебное издание
Test Your
Grammar Skills
Проверь свои знания
по грамматике
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов, магистрантов
и аспирантов механико-математического
факультета БГУ
Подписано в печать 22.01.2010.
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Столярова Елена Юрьевна и др. Тираж 200 экз. Зак.
Белорусcкий государственный
На английском и русском языках университет.
ЛИ № 02330/0494425 от 08.04.2009.
В авторской редакции 220030, Минск, проспект Независимости, 4.
Отпечатано с оригинала-макета заказчика.
Дизайн обложки С. Н. Егоровой Республиканское унитарное предприятие
Технический редактор Г. М. Романчук «Издательский центр Белорусcкого
Компьютерная верстка Т. Я. Холод государственного университета».
ЛП № 02330/0494178 от 03.04.2009.
Ответственный за выпуск Т. М. Турчиняк 220030, Минск, ул. Красноармейская, 6.

Test Your Grammar Skills

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УДК 811.111(075.

Проверь свои знания по грамматике = Test Your Grammar Skills :

ISBN 978-985-518-274-1 © БГУ, 2010

Учебно-методическое пособие “Test your Grammar skills” предназна­

II. Fill in the gaps with the right past forms.

III. Fill in the gaps with the right future forms.

1. She is worried that he … to catch the train.

IV. Fill in the gaps with the right tense forms.

1. Dave … at Linguistic University for several years before he decided to enter

V. Choose the right interrogative forms for the following sentences.

1. The group of businessmen has just arrived from Moscow.

II. Fill in the gaps with the right past forms.

III. Fill in the gaps with the right future forms.

IV. Fill in the gaps with the right tense forms.

II. Fill in the gaps with the right past forms.

IV. Fill in the gaps with the right tense forms.

IV. Fill in the gaps with the right tense forms.

II. Fill in the gaps with the right past forms.

III. Fill in the gaps with the right future forms.

IV. Fill in the gaps with the right tense forms.

1. Все эти дни он много работал.

I. Fill in the correct modal verb.

II. Complete the sentences using

V. Fill in the sentences using the modals

VI. Fill in the blanks with

II. Choose the most appropriate sentence for each situation.

III. Complete the following news items by choosing a, b or c.

1. a) need b) can c) have got to

V. Find the right sentences.

VII. Choose the right translation for each Russian sentence.

I. Fill in the correct modal verb.

V. Find the English equivalents for the following Russian words.

VI. Choose the correct answer.

V. Read the sentences and find

VI. Read the sentences, find the corresponding translation.

IV. Translate the underlined words choosing the right form.

V. Read the sentence and find

VI. Read the sentences, find the corresponding translation.

V. Read the sentences and find

VI. Read the sentences, find the corresponding translation.

IV. Translate the underlined words choosing the right form.

V. Read the sentences and find

VI. Read the sentences, find the corresponding translation.

II. Choose the right form for filling in the blank.

IV. Point out the sentences with

V. Point out the sentences with

I. Define the forms of the Gerund:

II. Choose the right form for filling in the blank.

IV. Point out the sentences with

I. Define the forms of the Gerund:

II. Choose the right form for filling in the blank.

IV. Point out the sentences with

V. Point out the sentences with

II. Choose the right form for filling in the blank.

IV. Point out the sentences with

V. Point out sentences with

II. Choose the right forms for filling in the blank.

IV. Point out the sentences with

V. Point out the sentences with

III. Point out the sentences with the Infinitive as

IV. Point out the sentences with

III. Point out the sentences with the Infinitive as

IV. Point out the sentences with

Учебно-методическое пособие “Test your Grammar skills” предназна