VINA

Ivana Pantovi

City Museum Vrac

2013

Ultimately, magic and science are nothing more than the theory of thought, and as science pushed
out its predecessors so it can be pushed out by a more perfect hypothesis, perhaps by a completely
diferent approach to phenomena, which is unknown to this generation. The progress of knowledge
is continuously approaching the goal that keeps getting away.

Illustration J. Raajski

Sir James Frazer The Golden Bough

EDITIONES CONCORDIAE

Author
Ivana Pantovi
Ilustrations
Ivana Pantovi
Fotographs
Ivana Pantovi
Design
Ivana Pantovi
Cover
Ivana Pantovi
DTP
Ivan Kalnak
Proofreading
Ivana Pantovi
Translation
Marin Marko
Review
Duan Mihailovi

Vina Amulets Southeast Banat

Publisher
Gradski muzej Vrac
Editor in chief
Anica Medakovi
Printed by
Tuli
Vrac, 2013
Circulation
150 copies
ISBN 978-86-83911-54-7
COBISS.SR-ID 203560460

Publishing of this book is inancied by Serbian Ministry of Culture

volume II / MMXIII

Ivana Pantovi

Vina Amulets Southeast Banat

City Museum Vrac

2013

Vina Amulets

Contents

ContentS 4
VinA Amulets Review 7
intRoDUCtion 8
the vina Culture in Southeast Banat 8
History of Amulet Studies 9

AMULet tYPoLoGY 14
Basic Characteristics of types 15
typological Analyses 19
typological Analysis Conclusion 25

FUnCtionAL AnALYSeS 28
Context of Findings 28
Functional Analyses 28

SYMBoLiSM oF AMULetS 34
Conclusion 39

oRiGin AnD DeveLoPMent oF BeLieF 41

origin of Belief 41
early neolithic tradition in the Central Balkans 42
Starevo tradition and its influence on the vina Culture 43

Content

ReLAtive CHRonoLoGY AnD DiStRiBUtion oF AMULetS 45

Relative Chronology vina Belo Brdo 45
typological and Stratigraphic overview of Finds From the Site of vina Belo Brdo 46
typological Chronological Parallels with other vina Sites and Distribution 52
typological Characteristics of Amulets from the Sites in Southeast Banat and Relative Chronology 56
Conclusion 59

PARALLeLS to tHe neiGHBoURinG LAte neoLitHiC CULtURAL GRoUPS 62

FinAL ConSiDeRAtionS 64
SiteS 68
StAtiStiCAL AnALYSeS 72
ReFeRenCeS 75
tABLeS AnD MAPS 81
CAtALoGUe 103

Vina Amulets

Review

Illustration J. Raajski

Vina Amulets Southeast Banat by Ivana Pantovi: A Review

This book written by Ivana Pantovi is a comprehensive study which in detail presents amulets from the period of the Vina
culture. Those objects have not received much attention in the professional literature so far, and this book by Ivana Pantovi
is one of the irst attempts to approach this issue in a systematic and organized manner.
Amulets from a number of the Vina sites in southeast Banat are presented in the book. Based on their morphological characteristics, size, weight and manner of decoration they are classiied into eight types and many variants, which comprise all
variations in the collected material. The typology is explained by schematized illustrations and photographs of the characteristic inds, and the results of statistic analyses are shown in many tables and graphs. Drawing on those results, conclusions
were made concerning the similarities and diferences in amulets from diferent sites and changes in the workmanship style
of those objects.
By comparing the Vina amulets to Starevo inds, Ivana Pantovi points out to the parallel between the Starevo Venuses and
the seated Vina amulets and similarities in the way decoration was executed. She demonstrates that speciic types of amulets were characteristic of individual phases of the Vina culture: ornitomorphic samples and type AII of two-armed amulets
of the early phase, and seated amulets and amulets with a spout/handle of the late phase. Multi-armed amulets of CII type
turn out to have appeared earlier than assumed (at the depth of 8m at Vina) and continued to exist until the very end of the
Vina culture.
Based on the analysis of the context of the inds and the reconstruction of the way they were tied up, Ivana Pantovi hypothesizes that two-armed amulets were used in the interior rooms and that most types (except multi-armed reels) were not used
for practical purposes. Thus, having considered the belief system in the Neolithic, she suggests that two-armed amulets combine symbols of the bull, woman/goddess and a yet unidentiied animal (having the apotropeic purpose); that ornitomorphic
amulets symbolize a certain deity and that sitting amulets may portray a woman giving birth.
Taken as a whole, Ivana Pantovis work has signiicantly contributed to a better understanding of amulets in the Vina culture.
All aspects in studying this kind of objects have been considered: workmanship, typological variability, changeability over time,
spatial distribution and context, potential function and possible meaning. The methodology applied is impeccable; the conclusions are drawn from the established facts and persuasive arguments. Therefore, we think that this whole book should be
published in the monograph series of the Vrac City Museum.

In Belgrade, on 12th September 2013

Prof Dr Duan Mihailovi
Archaeology Department 7
Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade University

Vina Amulets

intRoDUCtion
the vina Culture in Southeast Banat

The Danube and Tisza, being the main transversals in the

Neolithic movements from the Middle East to Central Europe,
and fertile plains together made the region of Banat1 one of
the primary settlement zones for the irst farmers and cattlebreeders. Not only that the rivers were decisive factors inluencing the choice of the places for erecting settlements, they
also served as boundaries between neighbouring communities. The boundary area between the Starevo and Krs
groups was already formed in central Banat along the Zlatica
River in the Early Neolithic. In the early phases of the Vina culture, those boundaries were slightly moved northward to the
present day Hungarian - Serbian border. Toward the end of the
earlier phase, the Vina population had been gradually abandoning the area of the present day northern Banat, so that the
boundary with the neighbouring Tisza culture was set somewhere around the Begej.
The western and central sections of south Banat featured a
lake in what are today Alibunar depression and the hostile
Deliblato Sands (Map 1). That situation led to the foundation
of the most numerous and most important Vina settlements
in the southeast section of Banat.
The Vrac Mountains lie on the eastern edge. It is a geographic
massif featuring ridges and hills that are naturally connected
to the Carpathians. In addition to forest and rocks, the Vrac
Mountains are also rich in various minerals. The Kara, the largest river in southeast Banat, makes its way from the Romanian
part of Banat through the slopes of the hills in the south of the
Vrac Mountains. The Kara used to low into the Danube near
Banatska Palanka, but today it ends its way near the village of
Kajtasovo emptying into the Danube-Tisza-Danube Canal.
Fertile soil, abundance of water, mineral and ore wealth, forests, combined with the Kara as a transversal, mark this area
suitable for occupation. The Neolithic sites are grouped in the
eastern part of southeast Banat, on the low foothills of the
Vrac Mountains (Map 2). The level of water surface at the beginning of the Holocene was higher than today, which can
be conirmed by the location of the Neolithic sites. About 70
Neolithic settlements have been registered in southeast Banat
(-, 1978). Owing to the dedicated work of
8 the irst curator of the Vrac Museum F. Milleker, since the end
of 19th century a number of Neolithic settlements have been
presented in the professional literature (Milleker, 1897; 1897a;
1906; 1938). Unfortunately, except for the site of Vrac At and
1 The region of Banat lies in the south of the Pannonian plains. Today, it is
divided by the state border into the Serbian, Romanian and Hungarian
parts. The southeast section of the Serbian Banat stretches from the Vrac
Mountains, making the border with Romania in the east, to the Deliblato
Sands, which set it apart from the southwest Banat in the west, and from
the Danube in the south, which creats the natural border, and the Tami
in the north separating it from the rest of the Pannonian Plains.

Potporanj Kremenjak, all the other settlements were registered only based on the small quantity of the Neolithic material found there. Abundant material was collected especially
from the sites of At and Kremenjak2, and rescue excavation of
a smaller scale was conducted at both sites in the middle of
20th century3.
In that group of unexplored sites, the sites with the inds of amulets and perforated objects, which are being dealt with in this
book, stand out for the abundance of the collected material.

The Vina culture is considered one of the most explored

and best studied prehistoric cultures in the central Balkans.
Nevertheless, numerous dilemmas are still there, not only with
respect to its origin and end, but even more so regarding the
way the community operated in terms of economic, social and
spiritual aspects.
The previous attempts at gaining an insight into the spiritual
life of the members of the Vina culture mostly started from
anthropomorphic igurines, which, as the irst researcher into
that culture put it in 1936, is undoubtedly the most authentic
and most comprehensive documents to get to know the Vina
culture in any respect (, 1936: VI). Anthropomorphic igurines have been the subject of many analyses that interpreted their roles diferently. The purpose of sacriice altars and
prosopomorphic lids has been considered (Stankovi, 1986a).
However, together with the anthropomorphic igurines themselves the whole of cult igural items and the cult objects4 have
not been provided with a thorough analysis that would explain
the real meaning of such representations and the beliefs of the
people who belonged to the Vina culture.
A few attempts have been made to consider the cult objects in
a comprehensive way and to connect their possible purpose
and symbolism. In this context it is still unclear which objects
could be classiied as belonging to the group and whether all
cult objects were just only that or they may have had their own
practical everyday use.

2 Felix Milleker, the curator of the Vrsac Museum at the time, deserves credit
for collecting materials from the sites of Kremenjak - Potporanj and AtVrac. During his work that lasted almost ive decades he collected tens
of thousand artefacts. .
3 The collection is still growing with presents and material collected during ield inspections.
4 The deinition of cult -a system of religious veneration and devotion directed towards a particular igure or object; the deinition of ritual - a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed
according to a prescribed order (www.oxforddictionaries.com)

Introduction

This paper aims at clarifying some of those objects, mostly

characterized as cult objects, primarily due to impossibility
to establish their real purpose. Those are amulets, or in other words all perforated objects of small dimensions and unknown purpose. The analysis of amulets, which are speciic
exclusively to the Vina culture, will make it possible to get
closer to understanding the spiritual side of that time population. However, it is the uniqueness of amulets and their cult
characteristics that pinpoints to the contacts and inluences
existing between the members of the Vina culture and their
neighbours, revealing at the same time the most important
centres within the Vina territory.
Due to scarcity and non-availability of materials from the region of central Banat our research has focused on southeast
Banat. The remarkable number of amulets exceeding all previously known collections opens the possibility of applying
the results of the analysis of those cult objects onto the whole
territory of the Vina culture. We irmly believe that a comprehensive analysis of the category of those neglected objects in
the area where they have been found in greatest number will
give us some new answers.
Since most objects have never been published, a catalogue of
amulets is provided together with the performed analyses.

History of Amulet Studies

The history of research into the Vina culture began with Miloje
Vasi, the irst and most ardent researcher of the eponym site,
to which he dedicated all his life. He gave himself to every detail, to every inds so that we owe the classiication of the artefacts to him. M. Vasi considered most small perforated objects varying in shape to be talismans strung and worn on
the body (, 1936: 145) for protection against the curse.
Some types, like two-armed items with protomes on arm tips
and stumps raised upwards could, in M. Vasis opinion, be votive gifts in graves (, 1936: 145).
The research into amulets has tackled amulets incidentally as
one of the phenomena relating to the Vina culture or by presenting the summarized typological classiications, without
going any deeper into the issue. The result of such an approach
is the classiication of all small-sized items with (mostly) vertical perforation into the category of amulets. The main parameter for categorizing an item into amulets has become body
perforation, while another parameter may be its unknown purpose. However, little has been said about their real meaning,
symbolism and function.
Excavation reports do not provide much information on amulets either. Most researchers have just mentioned that amulets usuallyappeared among igural artefacts and only occasionally a few examples were published. This is the reason
why we still do not have a precise picture of their occurrence
in the Vina culture area or of their possible evolution in style
and function.
It was F. F. Rmer, the founder of prehistoric archaeology in
Hungary (Makkay- Starnini-Tulok, 1996: 119), who drew the

attention of scholars to perforated multi-armed items in the

second third of 19th century. In the National Museum in
Zagreb, he noticed two multi-armed items from the site of
Samatovac, which until today have remained unpublished.
G. Cziraky assumed several multi-armed items found at the
beginning of 20th century near Bogojevo to have been toys
(Makkay, 1968), while F. Milleker considered the multi-armed
items of the same type to be representations of a primitive
human igure (Milleker, 1938). When publishing inds from
Jablanica, M. Vasi presented some perforated items, which
he thought were pendants in the shape of vessels (Vasi, 1902:
ig. 78, 80, 81).
Having investigated the eponym site of the Vina culture, M.
Vasi was the irst to recognize amulets as a separate category
of igural artefacts. He divided the Vina terracotta into seven
types, with the last type comprising talismans or votive igures in the narrow sense of the word ( 1936a: 145-150).
Among them there were no perforated items with zoomorphic or birdlike shapes. Vasi concluded that those objects
might have been put on a string and worn on the body as
pendants (jewellery? talismans?) in usum mortuorum (
1936a: 145). He added that common representation of human
heads on one end of those pendants supported this hypothesis, while the original of those objects may have been used
as jewellery or talismans of profane or cult individuals (,
1936a: 145).
Reducing the number of terracotta types to ive categories
(A-E) some ifteen years later, M. Garaanin, in his typology of
igural artefacts, singled out talismans into group D subdividing them into talismans with raised stubs and talismans
with a number of arms. He added that it could not be taken for
granted that those objects were amulets (Garaanin, 1951:16),
quoting . Truhelka who thought them to be coiling cores.
Since group E consists of animal igurines, we assume that M.
Garaanin, like M. Vasi, classiied zoomorphic/bird-shaped
amulets into that group.
Figure 1
Amulet typology after
M. Garaanin

A somewhat more detailed division was ofered by J. Koroec

(Koroec 1959: 61-117; Koroec 1962: 103-174), who divided
igural artefacts into human and animal statuettes and monumental sculpture. He recognized ive categorizes (A-E) and a
number of types and subtypes in the group of human statu- 9
ettes. In group D, termed other statuettes, J. Koroec recognized six types (I-VI), while talismans were placed in the last
group (Koroec, 1959: 89).
Pointing to perofration as the main characteristic of the items
from subgroup VI, J. Koroec argued that they must have been
worn or suspended, because of which they can be explained
as amulets or talismans (Koroec, 1962: 164). Talismans were
then subdivided based on the material into those made of

Vina Amulets
Table 1

KOROEC
1962

Amulet Typology

TASI
1973

In the shape of human

igurines

In the shape of seated

human igurines

GARAANIN -STANKOVI, 1985

Bird-shaped

Cushion-shaped

Two-armed

Multi-armed

Seated

Anthropomorphic

Two-armed verticaly
perforated

Two-armed verticaly
perforated with a head
depiction

Multi-armed verticaly
perforated

Two-armed massive

Multi-armed massive

Bicske object

Cross-Piece

Anchor

Headless Figurine

Perforated Figurine

Y-Piece

Necked Y-Piece

Decorated Y-Piece

Tripod Amulet

Ca

Cb

MAKAJ
1996

CHAPMAN
1981

With anthropomorphic
details

Introduction

Amulet Typology

Table 1

Type I Perforated Idols, Anthropomorphic

LAZAROVICI 1979

Type II Perforated Idols, Anthropomorphic, Stylized

Type III Stylized Idols

Type IV Amulets

Type V Perforated Zoo Figurines

Type V Perforated Zoo Figurines

Type VI Idols Heads

Illustrations after authors

Vina Amulets
earth and stone. Ceramic amulets were categorized into ive
groups (table 1): 1-amulets in the shape of human statuettes,
2-amulets in the shape of seated human statuettes, 3-amulets with antropomorphic features (characteristics, features),
4 amulets in the shape od birds, and 5- amulets in the shape
of a cushion (Koroec, 1962: ibidem). J. Koroec assigned amulets shaped as antropomorphic igurines to the irst group,
and two-armed amulets with and without protomes shaped as
antropomorphic masks to the third group. The amulet shaped
as a bird appears in the irst group of animal igurines subdivision birds. J. Koroec pointed out that because of perforation it was already mentioned among talismans (Koroec,
1962: 172).
J. Koroec named multi-armed amulets branched
branched whorl expressing his opinion that they had not been amulets, as M.
Vasi argued, adding that the other perforated objects could
not be considered with certainty to have been cult or utilitarian objects either.
A pair of multi-armed perforated objects from the site of oka
was interpreted by J. Banner as ishing net weighs (Banner
1960).
The type of so called two-armed and multi-armed amulets
belonging to the Vina culture attracted the attention of J.
Makkay (igure 2). In his irst analysis of those objects made
in 1967 he named them strange clay objects of the Vina culture. Makkay recognized four types (A-D) emphasizing that
those objects are speciic inds related to the Vina culture
that do not appear independently in the material of other cultures (Makkay 1968: 9-22). J. Makkay rejected the previous
Figure 2

Aa

Amulet typology after

J. Makkay (illustration
after Makkay 1968)

12 interpretation of those objects (toys, weighs, whorl) arguing

that such objects could not have been used in everyday activities (Makkay, 1968: 20). He noted that those objects had traces of strings around the opening and therefore were likely to
have been used as amulets, suspended on a string, as a part
of a necklace. As his analysis dealt with multi-armed objects
found at the site of Bicske, since then this name has been often used in the professional literature to denote objects with
a number of arms and perforation through the body.

Some 30 years later, J. Makkay denoted the same objects, earlier described as Bicske objects, star-like ceramic objects
(Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996: 118). That time he stated
certain reservations relating to his previous interpretation of
those objects as a part of a necklace stressing that the function of those objects had remained completely unclear to his
days. However, he did not discard the possibility that such objects may have been used as loom weighs. J. Makkay then recognized three types (Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996: 123) (table 1).
At the site of Bicske, according to the data supplied by J.
Makkay, 34 pieces (out of 45 multi-armed objects) belonged
to type A. The enclosed drawings showed that all the objects
of A type had a diagonal perforation. The other 11 belonged
to Type C anchor-like objects with three or four horizontal
arms lying on the same plane and one vertical arm placed in
the centre where the horizontal arms joined together. As J.
Makkay pointed out, there was not a single two-armed amulet
at the site of the Sopot-Bicske culture nor was there any specimen without perforation, as noted by J. Chapman (Makkay
Starnini Tulok, 1996: 123).
The irst comprehensive typology of the Vina amulets was offered by N. Tasi (Tasi, 1973). He recognized four groups (twoarmed, anthropomorphic with raised stubs (i. e. arms), seated
stylized animal igures and multi-armed) and several variants
within each of them (Table 1).
G. Lazarovici also ofered a typology of the Vina amulets in his
analyses of the Neolithic in the Romanian part of Banat in 1979
(Lazarovici, 1979: 94-101). According to Lazarovicis typology,
there are three types of anthropomorphic igurines and idols
(cylindrical, prismatic and igure-shaped idols) in phase A of
the Vina culture in the Banat area (Lazarovici, 1979: 88 90).
In phase B of the Vina culture in Banat, G. Lazarovici recognized ive categories of igural cult objects: A anthropomorphic idols, B perforated idols and amulets, C zoomorphic
idols, D other cult objects and E - altars (Lazarovici, 1979: 91)
(Table 1).
Several subgroups were distinguished within each group of
cult igural artefacts. G. Lazarovici stressed that the object classiied into group B perforated idols and amulets, also appeared in the literature denoted as Thessalian type idols, idols
with a mobile head, headless idols, idols and amulets of Bicske
type, Zorlenc type idols (Lazarovici, 1979: 94). Six groups were
deined in group B to be further sudivided into a number of
variants (Lazarovici, 1979: 94-101) (Table 1).
Based on the name of the groups, we may conclude that G.
Lazarovici was guided by assumed representations when
creating the typology of perforated objects. The irst group
contains objects whose appearance can be associated with
anthropomorphic igurines, with or without the representation of a head (Table 1). In the second group of stylized, anthropomorphic perforated idols, there are a number of types
whose appearance associates human igures (Table 1: type
II/a, c), together with two-armed idols with protomes on the
arm tips and applied chest (Table 1: type II/b1-b3). The object, often deined in the professional literature as aryballos

Introduction

(Table 1: type II/d), also belongs to this group. The third group
of stylized idols consists of two armed items with or without
protomes (Table 1: type III/b1-2), and three armed (Table 1:
type III/c1) and multi-armed items (Table 1: type III/c2-4, d,
e). Multi-armed and cushion shaped items are in the group
of amulets. Two-armed amulets with zoomorphic protomes
are also found in the group of perforated zoomorphic igurines, along with zoomorphic igurines and cushion-shaped
amulets, on top of which there are zoomorphic protomes
(Table 1: type V/b2).

Vina culture, although there were some types occurring in the

Lengyel and Sopot Lengyel variants (Chapman, 1981:124).

The opinion that amulets are actually loom weighs was also
supported by R. Tringham and M. Stevanovi (R. Tringham M.
Stevanovi 1990: 334-338). They explained that they had based
their classiication on the functional category of objects, as
Chapman also did (Chapman, 1981), and classiied the objects
from Selevac, which had vertical or horizontal perforation and
protuberances, into the group marked as possible reels, spindles or loom items (R. Tringham M. Stevanovi,1990: 324).
In their typology of the Vina culture, M. Garaanin and S. That group contains the artefacts traditionally termed amuStankovi classiied two-armed and multi-armed items as am- lets, cross-pieces, Bicske items, perforated igurines, boats,
ulets and divided them into two groups based on the number perforated cylinders (R. Tringham M. Stevanovi, 1990: 334of arms (Table 1). Each category had variants punctured and 5, Fig. 10. 11/a-i). Tringham and Stevanovi used the term amumassive. Each of the previously mentioned amulets can be fur- lets for two-armed amulets, with or without protomes, which
ther distinguished depending on whether they are ordinary were occurring at Selevac starting from the Gradac phase, but
or with the representation of a head (Garaanin-Stankovi, in the greatest number in the Plonik phase.
1985: 10-30). Unfortunately, there is no detailed description
of those amulets so that we could only assume that massive It should be noted that the boat is ellipsoidal in shape,
here implies amulets without perforation.
squeezed at its narrowest points with lat perforated parts,
so that along with the interpretation that they really repreJ. Chapman took the functional role as the main parameter sented the model of a boat, the authors did not rule out the
for classifying small perforated items. Speaking about textile possibility that the object could have been used for keepproduction in the Vina culture (Chapman, 1981:122-124) he ing a small quantity of thread in its cavity (R. Tringham M.
pointed to ten types of loom objects (Table 1) 1 Bicske; Stevanovi,1990: 336).
2 Y-piece; 3- necked Y-piece; 4 anchor; 5- perforated
headless igurine; 6- perforated igurine; 7- cross-piece; As for the items that Chapman named cross-pieces, and said
8- decorated Y-piece; 9 tripod amulet.
that they were not perforated, it should be pointed out that
among all published amulets, and yet unpublished inds from
As for perforated headless igurines J. Chapman stressed that Vina and sites in southeast Banat, there is no object with such
most samples had vertical perforation up to 1 cm deep, but a shape without perforation. This information was also providthere were samples where perforation had been made along ed by J. Makkay, who analyzed 45 multi-armed artefacts from
the total height of the body. He indicated that those headless the site of Bicske (Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996: 122).
and partly perforated igurines may have not been used as
loom weighs.
J. Makkay and J. Chapman advocate the same opinion in their
conclusions about distribution of amulets all these types can
J. Chapman believed that all those objects - except for the be found in the Vina culture only, while speciic types can be
above mentioned partly perforated igurines may have had found within some other cultures in the Pannonian basin, such
the utilitarian function related to weaving, that is to say, they as the Sopot-Bicske and Lengyel cultures (Chapman, 1981:124;
had been used as handloom weighs, which was conirmed by Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996: 119). J. Chapman argued on
the string wear marks around the perforation and on the bod- the ground of the available data that so-called cross-pieces
ies of those objects (Chapman, 1981:122). Such marks could and Y-necked pieces were limited exclusively to the Vina culhave been created only by fast or/and repeated movements ture (Chapman, 1981:124).
of rope (Chapman, 1981:122). The use of anthropomorphic
forms in the functional context, in Chapmans opinion, illus- With reference to his irst analyses of these objects some thirty
trates the connection of the Vina deities with domestic activi- years ago, J. Makkay pointed out that the territory of their disties (Chapman, 1981:123).
tribution had not expanded either in terms of time or space,
but the density of places has increased (Makkay Starnini
Judging from their distribution, J. Chapman concluded that Tulok, 1996: 119). J. Makkay said that, based on the available
there had been two innovative centres for loom weigh pro- information, the oldest inds on the territory of Serbia origiduction in the early Vina phase: in the middle Morava valley nated in Vina B2 phase, but similar objects kept occurring 13
and in the upper Tami valley (Chapman, 1981:124). The ear- until Vina D phase. He especially stressed the signiicance of
liest form was a headless igurine originating from the epo- amulets as being characteristic of the given period and territonym site. Y-pieces and perforated anthropomorphic igurines ry. The occurrence of star-shaped clay artefacts in the Sopotwere developed in so called innovative centres. Toward the Bicske and Vina, in Makkays opinion, clearly shows that the
end of the ifth millennium other forms were also developed origin of the Sopot-Bicske culture is partly rooted in the earlier
in those centres. Bicske type items have not been found at the and widely- spread Vina culture (Makkay Starnini Tulok,
sites in the Morava valley, and J. Chapman believed that they 1996: 119). On the other hand, he eventually concluded, the
were most likely to have originated in the Tami valley. He em- occurrence of these objects in the Lengyel culture indicates its
phasized that most of those objects were associated with the origin in the local, preceding Sopot-Bicske culture.

Vina Amulets

AMULe t t YPoLoGY

The typological classiication was taken as a starting point in

the analyses. A few existing amulet typologies are based on
an insuicient number of samples, which makes them inadequate and incomplete to the large extent. The number and
variety of the amulets found in Southeast Banat made it possible to make a detailed classiication primarily based on the
shape, since the real use and function of the objects recognized as amulets remains unknown. The typology presented
in this paper is just an attempt to provide a basic classiication
in order to set some parameters that may enable possible subsequent research to reach more precise conclusions.
The typological analysis deals with all the objects that have
been designated as amulets in the professional literature. The
main feature of these objects is that they are perforated and
small in size and their purpose cannot be irmly determined.
Another important feature is that they have traces of a kind of
a string around the perforated hole or around the body. This
peculiarity has led to diferent interpretations of the use to
which these objects may have been put. A lack of precise data
regarding the context of inds, inability to establish parallels
with the material attributed to later cultures, as well as uniqueness of these items within the Vina culture are main reasons
why no reliable answer about their role has been given yet.
As one can understand from the brief history, the basic classiication of these items mirrors the issue of their use. String
traces, which according to some opinions could have resulted only from continuous rubbing, have led a number of authors to view these objects as utilitarian (Chapman 1981: 124;
R. Tringham M. Stevanovi 1990:324). On the other hand, taking shapes and emphasized symbolism for the starting point,
other authors considered them amulets (, 1936: p. 145;
Tasi, 1973: 23; Garaanin-Stankovi, 1985: 10-30).
For the irst group of authors, the functionality of the objects
becomes the primary characteristic, while the symbolism of
the form is secondary, with its main purpose to convey the inluence of various deities on weaving. They further argue that
this highlights the importance of domestic work by connecting the practical and the sacred (Chapman, 1981: 124).
14
On the other hand, for the authors who see these objects as
amulets, symbolism is their main characteristic so that the classiication is made based on their assumed meaning. Thus, the
same type of amulets is given diferent names, depending on
the researchers interpretation of its symbolism.
Most doubts have been raised over the function, i. e. classiication, of so called multi-armed amulets. Some researchers consider small perforated multi-armed items to be

stylized anthropomorphic representations, or stylized idols

(Lazarovici 1979), while others simply name them multi-armed
amulets (M. Garaanin S. Stankovi 1985; N. Tasi 1973). Yet,
the third group classiies them as utilitarian objects (spools for
yarn, twisting ropes, making ishing nets, etc. ) (Koroec, 1959:
89; Dimitrijevi 1968; McPherron Srejovi 1988; Chapman
1981: 123; R. Tringham M. Stevanovi,1990:324).
Since in most cases this kind of objects is designated in the
literature as multi-armed amulets, we have based our typology on the hypothesis that they are cult objects, or, in other
words, amulets. Further analyses will prove the justiiability or
non-justiiability of such a hypothesis.
As the issue of symbolism of various representations, signs,
shapes, etc., in the Vina culture still remains unresolved, with
all interpretations based solely on hypotheses, the most adequate and most accurate way to create a typology is to rely on
the shape. Accordingly, we have based our typological classiication of amulets perforated objects on that principle. For
that reason, we have decided to designate the items with arms
in such a way that will clarify the number of arms, regardless of
the possible meaning or symbolism of such representations.
As for other items, they are labelled according to the shape
they represent.
This study has covered the area of Southeast Banat, and the
studied collection has 343 amulets from eight sites: Vrac At,
Crvena Crkva Carina, Banatska Subotica Cerovica, Kovin
olakova vodenica, Jasenovo Iberland, Vrac Kanal Mesi,
Potporanj Kremenjak, and Potporanj Staro Selo. A part of
the material is stored in the Vrac Museum, while some items
are kept in private collections and labelled in catalogue with
special letters PK.
Eight types with several variants within these types have been
recognized (Table A typological classiication of amulets).
The main parameter in the typological classiication is the
shape of the body. As for amulets with arms, in addition to
the shape of the body, the main feature relevant for the classiication is the number of arms. Three categories or groups
have been established two armed, three-armed and multiarmed.1 A more subtle categorization is made for multi-armed
amulets (which are to be understood to have more than three
arms) to take into account the number of arms and the place
of perforation. In addition to amulets with two, three or more
arms, amulets in the shape of an anthropomorphic igurine,
1 In 1985 Garasanin and Stankovic divided amulets into two-armed and
multi-armed, but the analysis of the amulets from the Vrsac Museum
Collection has shown that such a division seems to be too general and
that within both categories a number of individual types of amulets can
be established.

Amulet Typology

a seated igurine, a bird, a cushion, a vessel with a spout and/

or handle are also present.
The last ninth group features the objects of small dimensions,
with perforation, but with the shape of the body that cannot
be ascribed to any of the eight typological groups or to any
other group of the recognized perforated objects. Their general characteristics small size, perforation and unknown function, which are applicable to all items potentially named amulets, have made us decide to present those items in this study.
In most cases, their individual properties indicate a completely
diferent purpose which remains unexplained for the time being. Most items belonging to the last group are unique specimens in the territory of the Vina culture.
Apart from the presented classiications based on the purpose
or symbolism of these objects, at present there are no other classiications based on stratigraphic or any other context.
Therefore, the typological analysis elaborated in this study
aims not only to deine the types of amulets but also to establish their relative chronological relation. By using a precise
classiication of amulets we shall try to determine the distribution and frequency of speciic types both within the territorial
and chronological contexts. Unfortunately, the inal results will
be limited by a lack of published materials and a lack of accurate data in the published materials.
Owing to the great number of amulets from the area of
Southeast Banat, it was possible to notice the existence of certain diferences even within the same type of amulets in the
shapes of their bodies. The further analyses will show if the
shape of the body is signiicant in terms of style or chronology. However, as always when analyses with many unknown
elements are made, in this study an attempt was made to single out all potential diferences among the analysed items in
order to get as reliable inal result as possible.

Basic Characteristics of types

. two-Armed Amulets

Table I A-D

By two-armed amulets (Chapman, 1981: Y items, Koroec,

1962: amulets with anthropomorphic marks, Lazarovici, 1979:
stylized anthropomorphic, perforated idols, stylised idols) we
imply items small in size, with a mostly cylindrical body, where
on its upper part on top of the lateral side arms are placed
slantwise. The tips of arms may be conical, lattened or stylized in the form of zoomorphic heads, with the exclusive feature of two-armed amulets being moulding the arm tips in
the shape of anthropomorphic and birdlike heads. In addition, specimens with applied breasts on the body have been
recorded. Between the arms the body is vertically perforated,
or pierced along the total body height with the hole normally
not exceeding 0.5 cm in diameter.
Based on the shape of the body, they are classiied into the following types (designations are conditional, since the amulets
do not have regular geometric shapes):

Type A I Cylindrical Column-Like / Conical Amulets Table I a

Cylindrical or conical shape of the body. The base and the
horizontal cross section of the body immediately below the
arm joint can be circular or oval in shape. Some samples feature bodies that narrow toward the top, thus displaying a conical form, unlike the other samples where the diference is so
insigniicant that their cylindrical bodies resemble a column.
The arms, set aslant in relation to the body, clearly stand out,
with the length matching the half of the body height or slightly longer. The base of these two-armed amulets is always lattened so that they could be free-standing. Body ornaments are
most common with this type of two-armed amulets.
Type A II Squat Amulets
Table I B
The most important feature of this type of amulets is their
short body. The base and horizontal cross section are oval in
shape, the base is also lattened. The arms are very short, resembling wart-like protrusions. However, samples with long
arms, sometimes longer than the body height appear only
sporadically.
Type A III Triangular Amulets
Table I C
The body has the shape of letter V, or, in other words, the body
widens from the base along the sides and merges with arms,
so that perhaps the most adequate name would be triangular.
The shape of the horizontal cross section of the body most often is either oval or resemble a rounded rectangular. The base
can be circular or oval in shape and it is always narrower than
the width of the body at the arm joints. Occasionally, the base
is so small in diameter or convex in shape that those samples
could not be free standing.
The arms of this type are short, i. e. in most cases their length
measures a third or a forth of the body height.
Type A IV Tongue-Shaped Amulets
Table I D
These are amulets with the shape of their bodies that can be
named tongue-shaped. The bases are circular or oval, having small dimensions, almost all typically convex, so that they
could not be free standing. The bodies in the horizontal section
can be rounded or lat, while the arms are very short and resemble small cone-like protrusions, i. e. zoomorphic protomes
applied on the angles. No sample of this type is ornamented.

B. three-Armed Amulets

Table II
Three-armed amulets are often interpreted by many authors
as anthropomorphic. J. Chapman designates them as necked
Y-pieces and decorated Y-pieces, where the main diference
is that the former are without decoration and the latter are
decorated (Chapman, 1982: 384). N. Tasi names them anthropomorphic (Tasi, 1973:23), while G. Lazarovici deines them 15
as stylized, anthropomorphic, perforated idols and stylized
idols, where the two types difer from each other in the cylindrical central arm, which with the irst type is characterized
by an emphasized applied modelled nose, while with the second type no relief modelling is noticeable on that vertical arm
(Lazarovici, 1979: 94-99).
In our typology, the main diference between three-armed
and anthropormhic amulets lies in the shape of their bodies.

Vina Amulets
Anthropomorphic amulets are often represented in the same
way as igurines so that their bodies are always cylindrical or
lat and features a head. On the other hand, three-armed amulets are characterized by a globular, pear-shaped or biconical
body. The head is never represented - one arm is always vertically placed on top of the central part of the body instead.
It is always cylindrical in shape and in rare cases the tip of the
vertical arm may have a stylized marked nose. The two other
arms are placed on two sides, horizontaly or at an oblique
angle relative to the body. The object is perforated along the
whole length of the vertical arms and body. The base can be
lat or rounded. Unlike anthropomorphic amulets which have
arms shaped like stumps of igurines, three-armed amulets
have tongue-shaped or cylindrical lateral arms. Furthermore,
among the amulets of this type found so far, there are no specimens with arms whose tips are moulded in the form of animal or human representations.
Two types (I II) have been recognized based on the diferences in the shape of bodies and arms.
Type B I
Table II
Type B I represents amulets with a spherical or pear-shaped
body, a short cylindrical vertical arm and short, cylindrical lateral arms. The lateral arms may be placed horizontally or diagonally upwards.
variant i a with a rounded, narrow base
variant i b with a lattened base
Type B II
Table II
Type B II contains three-armed amulets with a pear-shaped or
biconical body and a high central vertical arm. The lateral arms
are tongue-shaped. Based on the diference in the body and
arms, two variants have been recognized.
variant B ii a - with a pear-shaped body and shorter tongue-shaped lateral arms.
variant B ii b the body is shorter, distinctively biconical; the
lateral, tongue-shaped arms are prolonged.

C. Multi-Armed Amulets

Table III a-b

Multi-armed amulets refer to the items of small dimensions

with a number of arms and perforation through the body. The
primary characteristic of these amulets is the number and pattern of arm arrangement, and then the place of perforation.
Most variants of multi-armed amulets have arms that join each
16 other creating the body. Only in very rare cases of speciic variants, the body may assume extremely stylized forms that bear
resemblance to an anthropomorphic shape. Very rarely, tips of
arms can also be shaped in the form of a zoomorphic head.
Until now, no specimens with tips of arms representing anthropomorphic or birdlike heads have been found.
The number and pattern of arm arrangement, the shape of
the body and the place of perforation can be very diferent.
Because of that, the principle we have applied to diferentiate

between the types of so called multi-armed amulets is somewhat diferent from the principle applied for the two other
groups of amulets two-armed and three-armed amulets.
Namely, with respect to the way two-armed and three-armed
amulets were made, a uniform principle can be observed: two
or three arms are placed on the top end while the body is always vertically perforated. Such a uniform shaping principle
and the appearance of two-armed and three-armed amulets
enable us to take the shape of the body as the basis for our
classiication and draw the conclusion that all of them were
used for the same purposes, regardless of the modelling of
their body or arms.
On the other hand, so-called multi-armed amulets display
great diversity - although a diferent shape does not necessarily imply a completely diferent purpose. Occasionally, they
may have the same or a similar shape, but perforations made
on diferent places indicate a diferent manner in which these
items were used.
This was the rationale behind recognition of as many as eight
types and several variants within individual types among not
more than 38 items which we studied here.
Looking at typology (table iii a-b), one can clearly see that
the classiication is based on the shape. The second parameter
used for further classiication is the place where the perforation was made, along with the arm arrangement.
Type C I
Table IIIa
This type comprises spatial cross-like items, as deined by S.
Dimitrijevi (Dimitrijevi 1979: 289), or Bicske, according to J.
Chapman (Chapman 1981: 122), type A, according to J. Makkay
(Makkay, 1968: 9), or multi-armed amulets in typologies devised by M. Garaanin, S. Stankovi and N. Tasi (GaraaninStankovi 1985; N. Tasi 1973), i. e. six-armed items with diagonal perforation through the central arms connection point.
With this, so-called six-armed amulet, there is a vertical axis,
made up of two arms, while the other four arms are horizontal,
arranged perpendicularly at the axis half height. All the arms
have the same shape and size. The arms may have lattened
tips or be moulded as a cone. Specimens with tips shaped as
zoomorphic heads have been found at some sites. The perforation is diagonal through the body, i. e. through the central
arms connection point.
Type C II
Table IIIa
Type II is established in the same way as Type I. There is an axis
made up of two arms, with three or four short arms placed
in the middle or at the widest section of the body. The perforation is, however, diferent, since in this case it runs through
the axis. Another diference is the number of crosswise set
arms. In addition, the body or axis is sometimes cone or pear
shaped, so that its appearance associates an anthropomorphic form. J. Chapman (Chapman 1981: 123) names such items
cross-pieces, but they are said not to be perforated. J. Makkay
classiies such items in his Type C (Figure 2), and G. Lazarovici
assigns them to stylized idols Type III/C4, or amulets- Type
IV/C (Table 1).

Amulet Typology

variant ii a three arms radially arranged around a vertical

axis, at the angle of 120 degrees.
variant ii b four arms arranged around a vertical axis at the
right angle.
variant ii c in the basic concept, similar to the previous variant: four arms arranged around a vertical axis at the right angle. However, the arms make it diferent from Variant IIb. At
the axis half height two arms with broadened edges (buttonlike) are placed opposite each other; between them there are
two conical protuberances arms(Table III b).
Type C III
Table IIIb
Items with ive or six arms and a small globular body. One arm
is vertical to the body, with a perforation made through it running across the centre of the globular body. The other arms are
arranged at two levels horizontally in relation to the central
arm. There are two opposite arms near the lower perforation
opening, i. e. they are placed at the lowest level at an oblique
angle relative to the body. Somewhat above them, at a higher
level, two arms are placed horizontally. The arms are equal in
length, but may be shaped diferently.
Type C IV
Table IIIb
Among all so-called multi-armed amulets, items with four arms
most resemble two-armed items in their basic body shape. The
body has the shape of a cylinder or an inverted lattened cone.
At its upper end, four arms of the same shape and length, diagonal to the body, make a regular pattern. The tips are modelled as a cone or in the shape of a zoomorphic protomes. The
body is perforated vertically.
In G. Lazarovicis typology, such an item appears in the variant
with three arms and is assigned to stylized idols, or to Type
III/d (Lazarovici, 1979: 97). J. Chapman names this type tripod
amulet. (Chapman, 1981: 94).
Type C V
Table IIIb
An item with four arms at one level in a cross-like pattern,
and the ifth arm set almost vertically in the centre of their
interconnection. The speciic feature of this type is a perforation made through the arms, connecting them in this way. J.
Makkay denotes this type as Type C (Table 1). The amulet of C
II Type as per our typology belongs to the same type.
Type C VI
Table IIIb
A cross-shaped item made up of four cylindrical arms of the
same size and appearance, arranged at the right angle one
to another and connected in the center. The arms are at the
same level with perforation being vertical to the connection
point. Each of the four arms are slightly curved, which makes
the central section with perforation appear concave/convex.
The arm ends are broadened (button-shaped).
Type C VII
Table IIIb
It is represented by three biconical or pear-shaped items with a
cylindrical neck, which makes a vertical arm, and three or four
arms set in the middle. The perforation is made through the
vertical central arm along the whole height of the body.

variant C viia - four arms are arranged in a cross-like manner:

three of them being in the shape of a wart or a cork, while the
fourth one is longer and bent upwards. The body is biconical.
variant C viib three arms are arranged in the shape of an
isosceles triangle. An arm is bent upwards. The body is pearshaped.
Type C VIII
Table IIIb
This includes egg-shaped items with the surface covered with
wart-like protrusions which may be conditionally named arms.
The items are perforated along the whole height.

D. Anthropomorphic Amulets

Table IV a-b

Anthropomorphic amulets look like free standing anthropomorphic igurines, made in a more summarized manner.
Stubs or arms, which are set horizontally or raised upwards,
are shaped following the pattern of an anthropomorphic igurine. Heads are always represented on anthropomorphic amulets; perforation is in the head centre and along the whole
height of the body. The changes in the shapes of anthropomorphic amulets follow the changes in anthropomorphic igurines so that older examples difer from later ones in their
stylization.
So-called kourotrophos representations also belong to this
group of amulets. It should be noted that the term kourotrophos is kept because it is the most common term in the literature relating to dual representations. However, since both igures, i. e. heads are of the same dimensions, they cannot represent the mother and child, but they represent a couple.
Type D I
variant D i a Amulets shaped as free standing anthropomorphic igurines. Vertical perforation runs through the head
centre and along the whole height of the body. Additional
classiication can be made within this type to diferentiate between the items with raised stubs and those with horizontally
set stubs.
variant D i b These anthropomorphic amulets are extremely
stylized so that their body almost have a cross-like form. The
head does not project from cylindrical body mass and is only
marked with an applied nose. The body diameter is small, only
slightly bigger than the diameter of the stubs, which are also
cylindrical in shape and set horizontally. Perforation is made
along the whole height of the body.
17
Type D II
Amulets in the shape of kourotrophos (double-headed) igurines, or a couple, with two stylized head of the same size and
one body. Vertical perforation is executed through the body
centre with the upper aperture between the two heads.

Vina Amulets
E. Seated/ Zoomorphic Amulets

Table V

This category is represented by zoomorphic (birdlike) amulets, mostly in a seated position with a zoomorphic head. Two
variants have been recognized among these seated amulets,
based on the diferent manner of head shaping (modelling).
A few samples are considered separately and cannot be precisely classiied due to fragmentation of the head.
Although seated igurines without clear characteristics are
equally likely to represent stylized anthropomorphic igures,
their body look almost the same like the bodies of seated igurines with animal features, which makes us classify them into
the category of zoomorphic, perhaps, birdlike amulets.
Like all other amulets, seated amulets are also characterized
by perforation through the body. It is always executed in the
same manner. The upper aperture is made on the back or a
hump, immediately below the head. Perforation is then made
at an oblique angle, so that the lower aperture is placed in the
base of the seated part.
Type E I
Seated amulets: the basic shape of the body could be described as globular, with one lattened side. At the level of that
lattened surface there are two applied cone-like modelled
legs. A head is added to the upper part. The whole appearance associates a igure that is seated with its legs stretched
and the body slightly bent forward.
variant e ia The head moulded to display zoomorphic and
birdlike characteristics. The shape of the body and the point
of perforation are the same as with Variant b.
variant e ib A very stylized head in the shape of a small cylindrical protuberance.
Type E II
A zoomorphic head. Perforation is executed through the nape
and along the whole height, with the lower aperture in the
centre of the neck base.

F. ornitomorphic Amulets

Table VI a-b

Amulets in the form of a bird. Most of these amulets are widely believed to represent ducks. They are characterized by the
skittle or egg body shape or a lat body, oval or quadrangle in
horizontal cross-section, a longer or shorter neck with a head
dominated by a beak and a short, cone-like tail on the rear
part of the body. The body is perforated, and most specimens
18 have a lattened base.
On the ground of the body shape and the way it is perforated,
two types (I II) have been established. Within Type I, two variants have been recognized on the basis of the diference in the
shape of the body, which may indicate diferent bird species.
Type F I
Amulets with a realistic shape of a bird. With this type of ornitomorphic amulets perforation is executed in the same manner:

the upper aperture is made on the back, immediately behind

the neck, then the perforation runs either vertically to the base,
or, in some cases, at a slight angle so that the aperture is closer
to the tail or the front part of the bird.
variant ia: This type features amulets with bodies that are oval
in horizontal cross-section, a slanted short cylindrical neck and
a head with the rounded top and a clearly projecting conical
beak. The tail is low, modelled as a small conical protuberance.
The base, or stomach, is lattened so that they could be free
standing. There are slight diferences in shaping of the body,
which can be egg-shaped, with a lattened back section, or lat
oval or quadrangular in cross-section.
variant i b: A lunular body ends with a head with a projecting
beak. The opposite end is in the form of a conical tail. There is
not a lattened base.
Type F II
Amulets in the shape of a bird with a globular or biconical
body. The head with a projecting beak and crest, or a conical vertical protuberance, is placed on a lateral side. The neck
is not emphasized. On the opposite side, at the height of the
head, there is a modelled tail. In the central dorsal section a
short or long vertical arm rises. Perforation runs through it and
the central part of the body.

G. Cushion-Shaped Amulets

Table VII a

Items that by the way they look resemble a cushion. The body
is lat, rectangular in shape with extended ends. Those ends
may take conical shape, and with some specimens two ends at
the broader side are shaped in the form of a zoomorphic head.
The body is perforated along its whole height with apertures
made in the middle of the narrow sides.

H. Amulets in the Shape of A vessel with A Spout/Handle

Table VII b

Amulets in the shape of a biconical vessel with a spout or/and

a handle. Perforation is always executed vertically through the
centre of the vessels body.

I. other Amulets / Perforated objects

Table VIII

This group includes all other items that do not have a shape
like any of the above explained groups, but due to the dimensions and perforation through the body are generally denoted
as amulets in the professional literature.

Amulet Typology

ADDitionAL CLASSiFiCAtionS

Statistical Analyses

In addition to dividing amulets into types recognized based on

the shape of their body, it is necessary to make another classiication that would be applicable to all types that is to make
a classiication based on the:
Size
large / massive: the total height of the body exceeds 6.5 cm,
and the weight can be over 200 g.

Within statistical analysis, we have focused on the dimensions

(i. e. the height and weight of amulets) and the extent of fragmentation (i. e. the state of preservation). Tables showing the
weights, heights and state of preservation of all the amulets
are given in Annex 1. Reliable indicators can be obtained only
from the wholly preserved specimens, although certain data
can be obtained from fragmented amulets as well.

medium: the total height of the body ranges between 4.5-5

to 6.5 cm, and the weight between 45 to 75 g.

typological Analyses

small: the height does not exceed 4.5-5 cm and the weight
is between 4 to 45 g.

A. two-armed amulets
With respect to the way decoration is executed, amulets may
be divided into the following groups:
Decoration
incised; specimen Cat. No. 217, 218, 343, 219, 318, Table I
stabbed; specimen Cat. No. 128, 16 Table I
painted; Cat. No. 231 Table I
Two-armed, three-armed and multi-armed amulets may be
further subdivided taking into account the:
Shape of arms or protomes
arms with a cone-like shaped tip; specimen Cat. No. 205/
Table I
arms with a lattened tip; specimen Cat. No. 209/Table I
arms with a stylized animal head; specimen - Cat. No. 252
Table I
arms with a stylized bird head; specimen Cat. No. 40 Table I
fan-shaped arms; specimen Cat. No. 219 Table I
tongue-shaped arms; specimen Cat. No. 275 Table II

Fabric, Colour of Firing And Surface treatment

The pottery fabric is the product of temperature, atmosphere,
speed of iring, speed of cooling and composition. Preparation
of clay for production of pottery items, like its iring, is a technological process which changes as knowledge and experience develop. Under the condition that the manner of iring
remains unchanged and clay is exploited from the same site,
the fabric and colour should always be the same. However, clay
is rarely used unreined or without other admixtures.
Among 343 amulets from eight sites, which lie within a relatively small geographical area, eight fabrics have been recognized, difering from each other in composition, i. e. the quantity of admixtures (sand, coarse or ine crushed stone). The colour of iring varies from yellow-ochre, ochre, to reddish brown
and gray and black. The surface is in most cases smoothened,
although there are samples with rough treatment and, rarely,
polished surfaces.

190 specimens of Y-pieces, which are the most common and

most typical of all the amulets of the Vina culture, have been
processed. Most of them come from the site of At (109), then
from Potporanj (63), and to a remarkably smaller extent from
other sites such as Carina (4), Cerovica (9), Iberland (1), Staro
Selo (3) and olakova vodenica (1).
Based on the shape of the body (Table I a-d) four variants have
been recognized: cylindrical / conical (AI), squat (AII), triangular (AIII), and tongue-shaped (A IV). As shown in Graph 7, the
cylindrical / conical (68) and triangular (64) types of amulets
are the best represented, while tongue-shaped (45) and especially squat (8) amulets are much fewer.
There are ive examples (Cat. No. 15, 41, 137, 289, 320) where
preserved fragments are too small to enable the determination of the type, although it is very likely that they belong to
two-armed amulets (visible perforation, preserved arm). Only
one specimen (Cat. No. 269) was recovered during the archaeological excavation. All the others are incidental inds, i. e. amulets with no data indicating the context of the ind.
The feature that is particularly emphasized with two armed
amulets is the way the body was modelled, in other words stylization. Softly modelled amulets stand out for notably speciic
details (greater diferentiation of the body, lattened back side,
bulging front side, clear traces of modelling, decoration, imprecision in shaping), while the other group of amulets exhibit
an almost geometrically regular form of the body. The samples
belonging to the irst group are characteristically more massive, which means higher and heavier than the samples from
the second group consisting of the amulets with lat bodies
and meticulously lattened surfaces. Such diversity in body
modelling is parallel to the evolution of anthropomorphic igurines, in which a development from naturalistic over realistic
forms, rich in applied modelled details and incised representa- 19
tion and decoration, to explicitly stylized shapes of extremely
plain symbolism, devoid of any surplus details.
This group of amulets displays the greatest diversity in shapes
and sizes. The amulet dimensions vary from 2.5 cm to almost
10 cm of height and about 10 g to almost 200 g of weight.
The most common are two-armed amulets of the medium size
(4.5/5 6.5 cm), followed by the amulets of small size (not
bigger than 4.5/5 cm), and inally massive ones. It should be

Vina Amulets
noted that among the two armed amulets, massive examples
are biggest in number at the site of Potporanj, while at At, the
most common amulets are those 5 to 5.9 cm high. The miniature amulets 2.5 to 3.7 cm high weighing from 11 to 15 g (Cat.
No. 34, 89, 110, 114) typically appear among the amulets from
later phase all of them come from the site of At, except the
specimen with Cat. No. 301 from Potporanj.
Graph 1

The amulet with Cat. No. 84 stands out for having the tip of
one arm shaped like a zoomorphic head, and the second like
an ornitomorphic head. The amulets with Cat. No. 40 and 115
also have an arm in the shape of a bird head. The amulet with
Cat. No. 219 from Potporanj features fan-shaped arms, which
makes it unique in this collection of amulets. Until now we have
not found a similar example among the published amulets.
The total number of nine amulets are decorated with incision,
two with stabbing and incision both of which come from
At. It should be noted that among the tongue-shaped type
of two-armed amulets there is not any amulet ornamented
with incision or stabbing. Most of those ornamented amulets
come from Potporanj (6), At (3) and one from Staro Selo and
Iberland. The most common motif is the meander, while the
motif in the shape of the letter X appears on two amulets from
Potporanj.
The unique feature of the triangular type is that almost half
of all the specimens have a convex bottom, which makes it
unlikely that those items could be free standing. The tongueshaped type of two-armed amulets clearly indicates by its
shape that they were not designed to be free standing, or to
be laid on the lat surface.

Frequency (per cent) of two-armed amulets with

respect to their height

In addition, moulding of arm tips is especially characteristic of

two-armed amulets. It also occurs with multi-armed amulets,
but less frequently though. Out of the total number of twoarmed amulets, it is possible to determine the shape of the
arm tips for 146 specimens. Only so called tongue-shaped do
not have a lattened shape of the arm tips, while all the others occur in all three shapes. Cone-shaped arms are most frequent, although the number of amulets with the tips shaped
in the form of a stylized zoomorphic/ornitomorphic head is
not to be neglected.
Graph 2

The general feature of two-armed amulets, regardless of the

type, is that there are huge diferences in the extent of meticulousness invested in workmanship: from well and precisely,
even to tiny details, moulded specimens, burnished even polished surface to roughly treated items. However, it should be
noted that most two-armed amulets are skilfully worked examples of igural artefacts.

B. three-armed amulets
A total of 21 amulets come from four sites: At (6), Carina (2),
Cerovica (3), Potporanj (9) and olakova vodenica (1) (Table
II).
13 specimens have been assigned to variant B I (variant a-b)
based on the shape of their bodies and arms. The only examples recovered during the excavation is Cat No. 51 from At. It is
recorded as having been found in the second excavated layer2.
As for the items from the site of Carina, we learn about them
only from a drawing and a short description (. Joanovi, 1990:
T VI/3, 4). They are part of a private collection.
The amulets from the site of Potporanj are by far more massive
than the specimens from the other two sites.
The specimen with cat. No. 173 stands out for an incised ornament in the shape of a triple spiral line and meanders. Two
items from Potporanj, Cat. No. 264 and 305 have a meandroid
ornament.

20

Two-armed amulets frequency of prong shapes

in terms of quantity

Type B II (variant a-b) is represented by eight specimens. M.

Vasi (, 1932) named the B IIa items aryballos, arguing
that they had the shape of a vessel, which, in fact, is the irst
association that strikes the observer.
2

Documentation of the City Museum Vrac

Amulet Typology

Figure 3

Three-armed amulets in the shape of a vessel/amphora:

a.

b.

c.

The amulet with Cat. No. 66 is a very beautiful and unique

item. It is lavishly decorated with incised ornaments. The bottom is convex so that it could not be free standing. An amulet
of almost the same shape as the amulets from At with Cat. No.
66 and 142 (-, 1956: . XIV/82; Teak-Gregl,
1984:T. 8/1) was accidentally found in a vineyard at the site of
Samatovci near Osijek in 1901.
Figure 4

a. site Jugovo near Grocka (illustration after -: 2009: Cat. No. 188)
b. site Kormadin near Jakovo (illustration after -: 2009: Cat. No. 201)
c. site Cerovica near eko Selo, Cat. No. 192

C. Multi-armed amulets
38 items in total have been assigned to the group of so-called
multi-armed, in which as many as eight types (C I VIII) have
been recognized based on the diferences in the shape of the
body, the number of arms and their arrangement, the place
where perforation was made (Table III a-b). Most of them
come from At (18) and Potporanj (15), and then from Carina
(2), Cerovica (2) and Staro Selo (1).
Types C I and C II (26 out of 38 specimens) are the most common, with other types being represented by only one or two
specimens.

a.

b.

a. site At, Cat. No. 66

b. site Samatovci near Osijek;
illustration after Teak-Gregl, 1984:T. 8/1)

Among three-armed amulets there are no items with the arms

shaped as zoomorphic, anthropomorphic or ornitomorphic
heads. The specimens with Cat. No. 66, 142 and 162 from At
and Cat. No. 261 from Potporanj feature a knob in the middle
of the broader side. Cat. No. 66 with a warp-shaped ornament
from both sides of the body is only slightly diferent.
They were made in all sizes, the height of the smallest one
does not exceed 3.9 cm and weight 18 g (Cat. No. 46/ type B I/
At), while the most massive item Cat. No. 275 from Potporanj,
Type IIb, is 8.2 cm tall and weighs almost 190 g. Once again it
should be noted that there are more amulets from Potporanj
higher than 6 cm than amulets from At, where amulets, except
for one item, do not exceed 6 cm. However, as is the case of
two-armed amulets, the amulets of medium size (from 4.5 to
6/6.5 cm) predominate among three-armed amulets.

The most typical are multi-armed amulets with ive and six
arms, although there are also items with four or more than six
arms. The arms of this group of amulets are usually cylindrical
in shape, with lattened or broadened tips (button-shaped).
There are also conically moulded tips, and tips with a zoomorphic shape. No specimen the tips of which have an anthropomorphic or ornitomorphic shape has been found yet.
Type C I known as Bicske object is represented by eight specimens. They weigh about 30-50 g, the most massive among
them (Cat. No. 152) weighing 83 g. The arm-span for most
specimens (ten out of eleven specimens) ranges between 4
cm and 5.5 cm, while Cat. No. 263 has a span of 6.7 cm.
The item completely diferent from typical examples of Bicske
objects is Cat No. 152 from At. The body is rectangular in crosssection, with extremely roughly worked surface. Starting from
a perforation opening, one can notice deep grooves running
down to the opposite openings. These notches are obviously
wear traces left by strings. This item could be compared to the
item found at the site of Banjica in terms of its shape and the
arm arrangement (Toorovi-Cermanovi, 1961: T V/5; Tasi,
1973: T. XIV/44; --: 2009: kat. br. 170).
Figure 5
21

The traces of strings are visible as notches around the apertures and/or as depressions or narrow grooves around the
arms.
Medium fabric prevails, although the ratio between admixtures may difer. The body surfaces are burnished; the traces
of red paint are still visible on Cat No. 46. A black-ired amulet
made of compact clay in ine fabric, found at At, displays the
traces of ochre paint.

a.

b.

a. site Banjica
(illustration after --: 2009: . . 170)
b. site At, Cat. No. 152

Vina Amulets
The traces of strings are visible along the rim of perforation on
all the items. Clearly discernible notches around the opening,
and partly on the surface can, be noticed on Cat. No. 151

30 g (Cat. No. 47) to 163 g (Cat. No. 1). The principle that the
earlier samples (from Potporanj and Cerovica) are more massive than those from At and Carine is conirmed once again.

Within Type C II (cross-piece), there is a diference in the

number of diagonal arms, which has led to the recognition
of Variant a - with three arms, and Variant b with four diagonal arms, and Variant c also with four diagonal arms, but
with two button-shaped arms placed opposite each other and
the other two being in fact cone-like protrusions. This group
comprises items with biconical (Cat. No. 1), cylindrical (Cat. No.
47, 179, 193) and cylindrical-curved bodies (Cat. No. 154, 157).
The arms are cylindrical, with some examples having lared
edges.

Type C III includes amulets similar to types C I and II, and is

represented by only three specimens. One arm is vertical with
perforation made through it, while diagonally from that arm
four or ive arms are arranged in two levels. They may be considered as having almost the same dimensions as Type C I:
the samples from Potporanj and Cerovica have the same arm
span of 5.3 cm, while the specimen from At was smaller in
size judging from the preserved arms (app. 4 cm). The specimen from Potporanj, which is completely preserved, weighs
almost 50 g.

Later examples can be distinguished from earlier ones based

on the shape of their bodies. Two items from Potporanj, Cat. No.
243 and 244, have a pear-shaped body and a stylized moulded
tip, so that the representation appears like an anthropomorphic igurine. The specimens from At, Carine and Cerovica have
a body with a kind of geometrical, obviously clearly functional appearance devoid of any symbolism. The specimen Cat.
No. 331 from Potporanj with three arms arranged around the
upper aperture and ive in the middle of the height is diferent from other specimens in this group. For the time being, it
stands as a unique specimen, having no analogy in published
materials. In spite of the diference in the number of arms, it is
classiied into this type of multi-armed items on the ground of
its general characteristics. It was uncovered during archaeological excavation in the fourth excavated layer3.

The amulets assigned to Types C IV-VIII are represented by one

or two specimens each, and they come from the sites of At and
Potporanj. They difer from each other in the shape of their
bodies, the number of arms and the place where perforation
was executed (Table III a-b). The samples of Types C IV VIII
are very rare at the Vina culture sites. They have been found
at one or two other sites, while Types C VI and C VIII have no
analogy whatsoever.

Specimen Cat. No. 153 from At stands out for being determined
as Variant c, Type C II, which is represented by only one specimen. It is characterized by conical knobs placed between the
two button-shaped arms. A similar specimen was recovered at
the site of Brestovik, Beli Breg (--: 2009:
. . 187), the only diference being horizontal perforation
through the arm used for winding.
Figure 6

a.

22

b.

a. multi-armed item from the site Brestovik, Beli Breg

(illustration after --: 2009: . . 187)
b. multi-armed item from the site At, Cat. No. 153

The traces of strings are visible around the rim of the central
perforation on all the specimens.
This type of multi-armed items vary much more in size and
weight than the previous type. The height ranges from 4cm
(Cat. No. 249) to 9 cm (Cat. No. 1), and the weight from about
3 Documentation of the City Museum Vrac. Rescue excavation conducted
during construction of the Danube-Tisza Danube canal in 1957.

There are no samples of multi-armed amulets ornamented

with incision or stabbing. Traces of paint (red and one example of white) can be seen on some specimens. The fabric is
not uniform within the group. The specimens from Potporanj
were made of clay with admixtures of sand of ine or somewhat larger granulation, while amulets from At were made of
clay mixed with inely crushed stone. The surface of amulets,
except in one case, is always meticulously polished.

D. Anthropomorphic amulets

Table IV a b

There are 24 amulets belonging to this group - four of which

have been recognized as a separate group without a deined
type, because the extent of their fragmentation made it impossible to determine their type. Most specimens were found at
Potporanj (14), and one specimen at each of the sites of Carina,
Cerovica and Staro Selo.
Two groups have been recognized within this type: the irst
consisting of amulets that look like free standing igurines and
the second (Type D II) containing amulets shaped as doubleheaded igurines (kourotrophos, i. e. igurines representing a
couple (Table IV a). A variant with the body distinctively shaped
as a cross (D Ib) has been recognized within the irst group.
Anthropomorphic amulets have a cylindrical or conical body.
The arms or stubs are executed as with anthropomorphic igurines and can be placed horizontally or slightly raised upwards.
By observing the group of amulets recognized as Variant D Ia,
it becomes clear that the shapes follow the stylization of anthropomorphic igurines, so it is easy to distinguish between
examples of the Vina early and later phases. The specimens
from Potporanj have massive bodies with details featuring the
typical V ornament around the neck (Cat. No. 266), or the meandroid ornament on the body (Cat. No. 264, 267). Traces of
red paint are visible on four amulets (cat. no. 238, 268, 270,

Amulet Typology

164). The amulets from At have cylindrical or lat bodies free

of any ornaments. Unfortunatelly, there is no specimen with
the preserved head.
Again, the most represented amulets are medium-sized (4.5
6/6.5 cm), although the specimens from Potporanj have massive bodies and are heavier than the amulets from At of the
similar height. The highest and heaviest amulet comes from
Potoranj, completely preserved Cat. No. 268, 8.5 cm high
and weighing 128 g, while the smallest amulets do not exceed
4 cm in height and 20 g in weight.
There are three specimens of double-headed amulets one
from Potporanj and two from At. The diference in stylization
and shaping of the body and head between the specimen
from Potporanj and those from At where they assume almost a geometric form, can be easily detected. Such amulets
are extremely rare; another specimen comes from the site of
Vina Belo Brdo (Table C / no. 23).
What has been preserved from four amulets from Potporanj
indicates that they must have had an anthropomorphic
appearance.
Distinctive perforation through the back characterizes three
amulets: Cat. No. 270 from Potporanj, Cat. No. 171 from Carine
and Cat. No. 166 from At. The specimen from Potporanj has additional central perforation through the body.
Some specimens display narrow grooves imprinted by a kind
of the string on the edges of perforation and around the arms/
stubs. Instead of the narrow traces of the string, specimen Cat.
No. 264 features deep, polished depressions on the stub shoulders, as if the amulet was tied with a broad band.

type of amulets. Among the seated amulets with no preserved

head, two amulets from At stand out (Cat. No. 140 and 141)
for being triangular in cross-section, while the body of other
specimens are globular.
Specimen Cat. No. 1965 is completely preserved. The body is
decorated with parallel arched lines, often found on ornitomorphic amulets (representation of wings). The seated part, or
the base, has incised concentric circles. The head is small, cylindrically moulded and it is impossible to determine as to whether it represents an anthropomorphic or zoomorphic igurine.
Type E II is represented by only one amulet representing a
zoomorphic head (the site of At). The dimensions of the specimens belonging to Type I range from 3.2 cm (Cat. No. 141) to
5.9 cm (Cat. No. ) in height and from 17.19 g (Cat. No. 4) to 49
g (Cat. No. 139) in weight. The amulets from Cerovica, 6.8 cm
high, and from Potporanj (Cat. No. 300) 7 cm high weighing
113.5 g, stand out for possibility to be classiied into the category of massive amulets.
Two specimens, from At and Cerovica, are decorated with an
incised ornament (Cat. No. 196, 6), and Cat. No. 53 displays the
traces of paint. They difer in fabric and iring colour. Clay with
admixtures of coarse crushed stone dominates. The specimen
from At (Cat. No. 53) has meticulously burnished surfaces, reddish paint and ine fabric.
On all the samples, the perforation rim is widened as a result
of strings being pulled through it, while on specimen Cat. No.
141, the trace of a string can be followed from the lower rim
between legs and diagonally to the head.

F. Ornitomorphic Amulets
E. Zoomorphic / Seated Amulets

Table V

There are 16 specimens of zoomorphic amulets in total, 11 of

which come from At. Type I comprises seated amulets, with
two variants a and b recognized on the basis of the shape of
the head: the specimens with clearly modelled zoomorphic
or orintomorphic heads and the specimens with very stylized
cylindrical heads. It is possible that all seated amulets represent zoomorphic or ornitomorphic representations. Amulet
Cat. No. 53 has a very nicely shaped head, polished body surface, traces of reddish paint and invokes the image of a bear.
It was found in the third excavated layer.4
The information regarding the conditions under which amulet
Cat. No. 3 was found is especially worth considering. A narrow
bird bone was inserted in the perforation opening, so that amulet could stand in the upright position resting on it.
Seated amulet Cat. No. 300 from Potporanj unlike the other examples do not have representation of two separated
legs, but the legs are connected in such a way to create a conical form. Speaking about the reconstruction of the head, it is
not certain that the head may have been made to match this
4 Documentation of the City Museum Vrac, rescue-orientation excavation
in 1977

Table VI a-b

There are 26 amulets in the shape of a bird in total, 23 of which

coming from the site of Potporanj. Two types have been recognized, difering from each other in the shape of their bodies
and the place of perforation. Type I is further subdivided into
two variants due to the diference in the shape of the body. The
only ornitomorphic amulet outside the territory of Southeast
Banat was found at the site of Vina Belo Brdo. Possible analogies are at the sites of Zorlenc (Lazarovici, 1979: T/XXII, 7,8),
and Negrua (Lazarovici, 1979: T/XXII, 14). Unfortunately, the
specimens were in all probability presented upside down and
with few details.
Type I is completely shaped as the more or less realistic body
of a bird. The stylization of the body, the fabric and ornament
could indicate earlier or later types. Cat. No. 325 stands out because of its head, but also because of speciic, warp-like out- 23
growths on the birds shoulder. There is a notably deep groove,
made prior iring and used to set the string. The string extended from the neck to the base.
Seven examples are decorated with an incised ornament.
Except for two amulets, all others have the same ornamentation parallel arched lines invoking the image of folding
wings. Cat. No. 312 has parallel slanting lines on the preserved
5

Private collection -by courtesy of the owner used for this analysis.

Vina Amulets
part, while Cat. No. 329 is decorated with angular mendroid
lines. The traces of red paint are visible on Cat. No. 296.
Variant I b is set apart due to a diferent, lunular shape of the
body no analogy has been found yet.
On most specimens, perforation was made in the root of the
neck on the back, vertically toward the base, although there
are a couple of samples where it was executed at a slight angle so that the aperture is closer either to the tail or to the
front part.
Type II is characterized by a cylindrical appendix, vertically
centred in the back. In addition, unlike the other examples,
these have heads represented as crests. On all the examples,
traces of some sort of the string can be noticed around the rim
of perforation. Cat. No. 245 displays very clear, multiple notches left by strings. That amulet and Cat. No. 250 were coated
with an ochre slip. In addition, Cat. No. 250 features incised
ornaments, the traces of which are visible from one side only.
They are parallel zigzag lines.
The large size of these amulets can be understood from their
weight (107-108g). Until now, such types of amulets have not
been found anywhere else.
Ornitomorphic amulets are the most massive of all the categories of this kind of items, weighing on average from 100 to
200g. With its 40 g, Cat. No. 327 is a unique case. The stylization of the body, the fabric and ornament could indicate earlier and later types within Type I a.

G. Cushion-shaped Amulets

Table VIIa

There are only three examples, all from the site of At. They
difer in size, stylization of body and fabric. Cat. No. 148 with
rounded angles is the largest of all. Two parallel series of imprinted short arched lines run along a wider side. Cat. No. 150
is highly stylized, with the angles shaped almost as a right triangle. They are similar in height from 4 cm to 4.5 cm, but vary
in weight because of the thickness from 14 g (Cat. No. 150) to
54 g (Cat. No. 149). Traces of the string can be noticed only on
the rim of perforation.

or inely crushed stone. There are no specimens decorated with

incision or stabbing. The traces of ochre slip are noticeable on
two specimens (Cat. No. 28,65). Analogies can be found only
at the site of Jablanica, where an amulet similar to Cat. No. 143
and 144 has been found (Vasi, 1902: ig. 80).

I. Others

Table VIII
There are 11 items that, based on their shape, cannot be assigned to any of the above described types. It is doubtful that
some of them can be considered amulets in the irst place,
nevertheless they are presented here because of the perforation through the body and traces of strings, which many authors hold to be one of the criteria for categorizing an item as
an amulet.
Among them, there are items of a prolonged biconical shape,
resembling large beads; a decorated triangular plate; objects
with a semi-globular lower part, bent sharply on the shoulder and narrowed into a high cylindrical neck; an object bearing resemblance to a biconical vessel with four handles; a cylindrical item with four arms or footings on one end; an item
that looks like a stylized bull head; and a miniature very stylized igurine.
Sample Cat. No. 255 from the site of Potporanj can be singled
out because of vertical perforation along the overall height of
the body. It may have been used as an amulet. Vessels that look
similar were found at the site of Vina (, 1932: p. 69/ig.
120, 122). M. Vasi named them aryballos arguing that those
small bowls may have been used for cosmetics. They are 6.4 cm
to 6.8 cm high and were recovered at the depth of 5.8 to 6m.
The bowls found at Vina difer in having a narrow (0.5 cm to
0.7 cm) app. 5.5 cm deep aperture, instead of perforation along
the total height of the body.
No analogies for the specimens from this group have been
found.
Figure 7

H. Amulets In The Shape Of Vessels With A Spout/Handle

Table VIIb
There are 11 items in the shape of biconical vessels with a spout
or handle, 10 of which originate from the site of At. Amulet Cat.
No. 28 with a small aperture has a clear representation of a
24 spout. Item Cat. No. 27 also has an aperture on the curve of
the cone, but a spout as a separate part is not represented.
Notches made by the string can be noticed around the arms,
or the handle/spout, as well as in the opening of perforation in
the base. Most items are small in size ranging between 3 and
4 cm and 20 to 50 g. Cat. No. 29 with the height of 5 cm, and
the largest very massive Cat. No. 67 with the height of 7 cm
and the weight of 83 g (fragmented) stand out.
Amulets Cat. No. 28,29 and 65 are characterized by ine fabric,
while the other items are made with sand of coarse granulation

Illustration after , 1932: p. 69/ig. 120, 122

Amulet Typology

tYPoLoGiCAL AnALYSiS Most amulets come from the site of At (168) and Potporanj
(133). The inds from other sites are signiicantly fewer in
CONCLUSION number: Carina 11, Cerovica 21, olakova vodenica 2,
Iberland 1, Kanal Mesi 1, and Staro Selo 6. Notable diferences in the number of amulets from individual sites inevitably posed certain reservations regarding the frequency analyses, so that in this context the sites of At and Potporanj are the
most representative. However, even a few samples from other
sites can reveal speciic indicators.
The typological analysis included 343 artefacts whose main
characteristics were small dimensions, perforation and traces
of strings on the body or around the perforation opening/rim.
Those characteristics, in addition to inability to accuratelly determine their function, have resulted in designation of these
artefacts in the professional literature as amulets.
The study covers the area of Southeast Banat, with inds coming from eight sites: Vrac-At, Crvena Crkva Carina, Banatska
Subotica Cerovica, Kovin olakova vodenica, Jasenovo
Iberland, Vrac Kanal Mesi, Potporanj Kremenjak and
Potporanj Staro Selo. Small scale archaeological excavations
were conducted only at At and Potporanj, but not more than
an insigniicant number of samples have been recovered during excavations. Most amulets, even from those sites, were discovered during ield survey or were obtained as gifts. This is
the reason why for the majority of the analyzed amulets there
are no data relating to the conditions under which they were
found. Some of the processed items are kept in the collection
of the Vrac Museum, while the others are part of private collections - they are marked as PK (see the catalogue).

Eight types of amulets have been recognized along with several variants within each of them. Those types are: two-armed,
three-armed, multi-armed, anthropomorphic, seated/zoomorphic, ornitomorphic, cushion-shaped, and in the shape of a
vessel with a spout/handle.
The main parameter in the typological classiication is the
shape of the body, and in the group of amulets with arms,
subdivision is made on the basis of the number of arms. In
the group of multi-armed amulets additional subdivision is
also made on the basis of the place where perforation was
made. The last ninth group contains the items that cannot be
assigned to any of the other eight groups. Most objects from
the last group are, at present, unique examples in the territory of the Vina group. Due to their diversity, they were not the
subject of the statistical analyses.
As for the groups of amulets with arms (two-armed, threearmed, multi-armed), they were named based on the number
of arms, considering the possibility that the shapes can be interpreted diferently. Cushion-shaped amulets are named after the shape they obviously associate.
The most represented amulets are two-armed amulets. With
190 samples, they make more than a half of the total number
of the studied amulets. They are followed by multi-armed (38
samples), ornitomorphic (26), so-called three-armed (21), anthropomorphic (20), seated/zoomorphic (16), in the shape of
vessels with a spout/handle (11), cushion-shaped (3). Amulets
difer from each other not only in their shape, but also in size
and fabric. Within the same type of amulets, the diferences
can be detected in the way the body was shaped stylization,
so that one can argue that there is no uniformity in the way
these artefacts were made.

Graph 3

Frequency (per cent) of amulet types at sites

of South East Banat

The diferences in shaping of the body, or stylization, are noticeable within each amulet type. They are most obvious with
two-armed amulets, primarily because they are the most numerous group, but are also present in all the other groups.
Similar to the evolution in style of anthropomorphic igurines,
here the existence of both softly shaped bodies and highly
schematized forms can be observed. As symbolism and plas- 25
ticity of form are the common and basic features of anthropomorphic igurines and amulets, drawing parallels between
these two groups of cult objects seems to be well grounded.
The development from naturalistic to realistic forms at the
height of the Vina culture and gradual tendency to ultimate
stylization relect the general climate and spirit of the culture,
which were inevitably expressed in the manner amulets were
shaped. For these reasons, we believe that distinction between
amulets from the older (earlier) and younger (later) phases can

Vina Amulets
be made, as in the case of anthropomorphic igurines, on the
grounds of the shape of their bodies. Furthermore, that spiritual evolution seems to be mirrored in the tendency to give a
shape of a symbolic representation to utilitarian objects in the
earlier phases in order to increase the power of the object, or
the activity for which it was used. In the inal phases this characteristic was vanishing and utilitarian objects were given exclusively practical forms.
Amulets also difer from each other in size and weight, within
the same type, and in general. Three groups have been recognized: massive (with the height exceeding 6.5 cm, and weighing more than 75/80 g), medium (the height between 4.5/5
and 6.5 cm, weight 45 g 75 g) and small (the height do not
exceed 4.5-5 cm and weight ranging between 4 g to 45 g).
The height ranges from 2.5 cm (Cat. No. 35/type A III/At) to 9.4
cm (Cat. No. 225/type A I/Potporanj) and weight from 3.9 g
(Cat. No. 35/type A III/At) to more than 200g (Cat. No. 225/
type A I/Potporanj; Cat. No. 309/Type F II a/Potporanj the
preserved half 104.81 g). The largest of all amulets types are
ornitomorphic amulets, with the weight between 100 g and
200 g, while on average the lightest and smallest amulets are
those in the shape of vessels with spouts/handles mostly between 30 and 40 g and not higher than 5 cm. Majority of the
amulets classiied as the early phase samples due to the manner their bodies were shaped are larger and heavier than the
later phase samples.
As for the amulets with so-called arms (two-armed, threearmed and multi-armed), there are the diferences in the way
the arm tips were shaped. Two-armed amulets display the
greatest diversity in arm shaping, where zoomorphic arm tips
are common, but conical shapes prevail. Protomes with ornitomorphic shapes occur only in this type of amulets. There is
the possibility that many other samples of two-armed amulets may have had stylized protomes but due to the extent of
damage and erosion the original shape cannot be reliably determined. It should be noted that zoomorphic-shaped arms
are very rare among multi-armed amulets, where lattened
and less often conical samples typically prevail. There are no
samples of so-called three-armed amulets with arms shaped
into a stylized animal head. They are predominantly cylindrical or tongue-shaped.
Just a small number of amulets are decorated. Relative to the
number of amulets in each type, ornaments executed with
incision or stabbing are most common among ornitomorphic
amulets (6 out of 24), somewhat less common among threearmed (5 out of 21), anthropomorphic (2 out of 20), two-armed
(10 out of 189) and seated (2 out of 16) amulets. There are no
multi-armed or so-called tongue-shaped amulets or amulets
26 in the shape of vessels with spouts/handles that are decorated
with incised ornaments or with stabbing. Incised ornaments
mostly occur on amulets assigned to earlier phase samples
based on the way their body was shaped.
Ornamental motifs occurring on amulets are not as diverse
as those appearing on vessels or anthropomorphic igurines.
Obviously, each ornament bears a clear meaning so that its application is connected with speciic objects. It should be noted
that in the case of two-armed and anthropomorphic amulets

only linear motifs are used: angular line, meanders and zigzag
lines. Curvilinear motifs are mostly used on ornitomorphic amulets parallel arched lines, and on only one example a meandroid ornament. Parallel arched lines occur also on an example of seated amulets (Cat. No. 196), while a combination
of arched and linear angular lines appears on a sample of
seated amulet Cat. No. 6. Parallel arched lines make an ornament, absent from other items, which most certainly aims to
represent bird wings. A curvilinear ornament the spiral, and
linear mostly the meander, are used for three-armed amulets.
Two samples of two-armed amulets feature an incised symbol
in the shape of letter X.
The high extent of erosion, combined with washing in hydrochloric acid, make it impossible to reliably determine the frequency of painting as decoration and express it as a percentage, but given the presence of samples painted in ochre or red
in all amulet types, one may conclude that a large portion of
these items are likely to have been decorated in this way.
Based on fabric, eight types of these artefacts have been recognized. The chronological diferentiation between amulets
and the settlements in which they were originated is relected in the way the clay for their production was prepared. The
earlier samples were typically made of clay mixed with ine
sand and a little inely crushed stone, while later samples were
made of clay with a larger quantity of ine or coarse crushed
stone admixture. Surfaces are predominantly ochre in colour,
although in diferent shades, with reddish-brown and black
colour occurring sporadically.
A few samples made of clay mixed with extremely ine sand
in such a way that when touched it feels as if the surface is
being wiped away stick out. This is characteristic features of
the inds from the site of Potporanj. Firing colour is buf-ochre
(Potporanj / Cat. No. 279, 313, 257, 250, 325). On the other
hand, some amulets from Cerovica (Cerovica / Cat. No. 190,
194, 196) contain extremely coarse crushed stone added to
clay in a large quantity. The surface of most samples is polished, but three samples of two-armed amulets from the site
of At have burnished surface (Cat. No. 8,74, 76).
Variations in fabric not only indicate diferences in terms of
chronology, but also point out that clay was not specially prepared for these items but in all probability clay prepared for
vessel production was used instead.
There is another feature typical of this kind of the Vina culture
artefacts. All these items display traces of strings. Depending
on the type, they appear on diferent sections of the body, although the characteristic position is along the rim of perforation. With two-armed and three-armed amulets, amulets in the
shape of vessels with spouts / handles and anthropomorphic
amulets, they appear at the base of arms, spouts/handles, or
stubs; seated and ornitomorphic amulets have traces around
the neck, while with multi-armed amulets they become most
visible along the perforation rim and in speciic cases around
the arms. Undoubtedly, variations in fabric in part are the reason why the traces of string are more visible on some samples
while they can be hardly seen on the others.

Amulet Typology

Graph 4

We have also considered the state of preservation as an additional factor in our analyses (graph 4). In the Appendix, the
preserved part of the amulet is expressed as a percentage.
Statistics has shown that 56% or 181 out of 343 amulets have
been preserved to the extent of 90 to 100%. Amulets missing
a part of the arm or a whole arm provided that it is small in
size-tail, handle or head are in this group. Judging from their
appearance, those parts are so fragile that they could have
been accidentally broken.

27

Vina Amulets

F U n C t i o n A L A n A LY S e S

The question of functional analysis would be superluous

if we were able to claim that all small objects with perforation through the middle were really used as amulets only.
Unfortunately, due to the lack of data related to the context
of the inds, as well as parallels with simultaneous or subsequent prehistoric and historic material, at present, we do not
have the persuasive arguments to substantiate any of the
hypotheses.
Some of the Vina objects, which now belong to the category
of amulets, with its stylization, resemble certain natural forms.
Therefore, or with the human tendency to give magic, or at
least spiritual signiicance to everything that has a certain symbolism, we are prone, if nothing else, to categorize these objects as amulets. On the other hand, it is also a characteristic
of human nature to give some objects of very practical purpose the spiritual dimension, or add them a symbol, and thus
strengthen the power of the object or the function performed
by the object.
Among Vina amulets, there are also those objects that have
no symbolism. On the contrary, in appearance they resemble
very utilitarian objects whose sole purpose is to play a role in
the performance of a practical task.
There is also the third type of Vina amulets, which in their
form do not seem to be able to serve any practical purpose,
so one might conclude that their only purpose was symbolic
or spiritual.
The largest number of two-armed amulets, especially those
classiied as columnar objects could belong to the irst group
of amulets. Multi-armed amulets, which largely resemble some
reels or a sort of thread valve, are classiied by a number of
authors as objects of practical purpose. Zoomorphic, ornitomorphic and anthropomorphic amulets, as well as those in the
form of vessels would deinitely belong to the third group.
In the current stage of amulet research, any of these assumptions could be substantiated by a number of pro and con arguments due to the lack of the essential data about the context of the inds.

28

Context of Findings
Little is known regarding the context in which the amulets
were unearthed. The most accurate data originate from the
site of Jakovo Kormadin. There, in the house 2, two columnar two-armed amulets, one with conical, and the other with
zoomorphic arm tips ( , 1961) were found.
Judging by the other portable material (30 vessels, most of
them being amphorae and pithos), and two stoves, the house
was primarily used for storage and preparation of food. The

authors point out that a small number of ine fabric vessels

were found, and other than two amulets, there are no other igural objects ( , 1961). In the same
house, a bucranium was also found, which was attached to the
bar next to the stove. The bucranium, according to the authors,
is analogous with the Vina samples, found in the house loors
between 3.64 m and 2.98 m.
In contrast, in House 1, a completely diferent type of material
was found. Besides the monumental cult objects, such as bucraniums and the altar, most of the inds belong to ine pottery.
It is a cult and ritual artefact, and what is especially important
for our topic is that, close to the partition wall, one standing
igurine with a birdlike face, another sitting on the throne and
one two-armed, columnar amulet were found (
, 1961: Fig. 18). In the houses, although it is not mentioned which ones and where, a few more two-armed and
seated amulets were found.
The data from the site Hrtkovci Gomolava (Na, 1960) are
general informing that amulets (one two-armed amulet and
one multi-armed object) were found in pits and houses. As for
the site Zrenjanin Matejski brod (Marinkovi, 2006), we have
information that amulets (two-armed and multi-armed) were
discovered in the pits under the loor of the houses (?).
The most famous example of a ritual pit is certainly Tartaria,
where in addition to plates and numerous igurines, an anchorshaped amulet/item was found.
When it comes to multi-armed, perforated objects from the
site of oka (Banner, 1960: p. 20), we know that a multi-armed
type C I object was found among the burnt wood in the hearth.
A multi-armed type C II object (central part and radially arranged cross arms) at the site of Bogojevo Donja uma, was
found near ishing weights (Karmanski, 1977).

Functional Analyses
As shown in the history of research, the question of use of the
objects called Vina amulets remains questionable. Most authors classify two-armed and three-armed objects, as well as
those in the form of anthropomorphic igurine, seated, cushion-shaped and ornitomorphic as amulets. Multi-armed objects are usually referred to as multi-armed amulets, but it is
pointed out that most probably they are not cult but utilitarian
items. Lately, thanks to J. Chapman, there is a tendency that all
Vina amulets are classiied into objects used in weaving, either
as weights or as reels. Although there is no reliable evidence,
the assertion is based on the data that the majority of these
objects display traces of strings. J. Chapman (Chapman, 1981:
122-124) explains this hypothesis by the fact that most of the
amulets weigh less than 200 g, and such traces of strings could
only result from exposure to rapid and/or repeated moving
of the string. Therefore, J. Chapman believes that traces were
most probably caused by constant moving of the string, not of
a hanging rope, but the string in a simple mechanical device
such as a loom. He states that today the objects similar to twoarmed amulets are used on horizontal looms in rural Greece.
In addition to so-called Y (Type A two-armed), Bicske (Type

Functional Analyses

C I) and cross-piece (Type C II) objects, J. Chapman ascribes the

same purpose to the other perforated objects: two-armed with
the neck (type B three-armed), perforated igurines (with or
without head: type D), anchor-shaped and tripod (Type C IV)
amulets. The use of anthropomorphic forms in a very practical context, in the opinion of this author, illustrates the connection of the Vina deities with housework. R. Tringham and
M. Stevanovi (R. Tringham M. Stevanovi, 1990: p. 323-388),
also classify so-called seated amulets into this group of weaving artefacts.
It should be noted that the diameter of the perforation in most
of the samples does not exceed 0.5 cm. Therefore, it is likely
that a bit rougher kind of string was pulled through the hole,
especially when one bears in mind the width of the notch imprinted as its trace. Such coarse string would leave a mark on
the object, given that it was soft ceramics, or clay ired to a
maximum of 800C. It should be noted that with the majority
of objects the notch is straight, apparently originated before
iring. In the samples made of well ired and compact clay,
these notches are either not visible or are barely discernible.
There are large diferences in the size and weight of amulets,
both within each type and in general. The weights range from
4 g to over 200 g and the heights from 2.5 cm up to almost 10
cm. Evident diversity of forms could be attributed to the connection of deities to housework, but all later (historic, ethnographic) data indicate that a speciic deity was related to a particular activity; therefore, it is unlikely that it was diferent even
in the Neolithic period. Another important functional element
is the fabric or the composition of clay, which in the objects
with the same utilitarian purpose was always prepared with
the same ratio of certain admixtures.
two-armed Amulets
The analysis of amulets and multi-armed items from southeastern Banat has showed that almost in all samples of columnar
(A I), two-armed amulets, shallower or
deeper cross-cuts or notches direct- Figure 9
ed towards the arms are noticed on
the central perforation rim. The traces
are clearly visible and often very deep,
especially at the base (Figure 9), while
at the top hole in most cases they are
hardly noticeable.
Figure 8

Thanks to the amulet Cat. No. 230, which

clearly shows the incised lines on the
sides of the object, which originated
before iring, we found a speciic tying
mode (Figure 8). In other words, the amulets were tied to something (e. g. stick,
post, beam, or possibly to some parts of
the body), and did not hang as it is commonly assumed (Figure 10).
This is supported by the fact that in certain samples the back part is lattened

(that is why it is referred to as the rear),

while the front is convex. In some sam- Figure 10
ples, the angled front is achieved by the
base slashed at an oblique angle. Even
though both sides of the object are actually identical, this gives the impression
that one side is perpendicular (the rear) in
relation to the base and the other tapered
toward the top. What is also interesting is
that the central perforation was angled in
a way that the top hole was made close
to one side (usually the one called the
rear), while the bottom hole is in the centre of the base of the object. We should
not ignore the fact that almost all of the amulets, except those
tongue-shaped, have a lattened base, which could mean that
they were intended to stand, most likely on a pedestal.
When it comes to the size and weight of the amulets, it ranges
from 4 g to 200 g, so it is quite clear that those massive ones
must have been used in a diferent way from those of small or
almost miniature dimensions. There is also an apparent difference in the arms length. Some are very long, while others are very short, especially in the so-called tongue-shaped
samples.
Therefore, such way of tying, the diference in weight and size
of the amulets and the length of the arms do not support the
assumption that they served as a kind of a reel. In fact, it is likely to assume that reels or weights were made in a similar size,
weight and height, because of their practical function. As for
the notches, which are thought to have been caused by constant moving of strings, we suppose that their traces would
be multiple, as the string would not always move by the same
line, leaving only one straight cut. What is also characteristic
is that there are not two identical samples of two-armed amulets, and that their number varies across the sites of the Vina
culture. If we accepted the hypothesis that they were used as
weights/reels in the weaving process, then that would mean
that only one per a loom was likely to be used and there were
not looms everywhere - or at some sites there were many of
them, but very few at the others.
three-armed Amulets
As with two-armed amulets, in three-armed amulets there are
traces of strings on the body or the perforation rim. They are
tied in the same way as the two-armed,
by pulling two threads through the
Figure 11
top hole, and then starting from the
hole at the base, a string was wrapped 29
around both arms/stumps.
Like two-armed amulets, three-armed
amulets also difer considerably in size
(from 3.2 cm/Cat. No. 46 to 8.2 cm/Cat
.No. 275) and weight (18 g/Cat. No. 46 to
190 g /Cat. No. 275).

Vina Amulets
Multi-armed Amulets
The biggest concern about the use arises over so-called multi-armed amulets, or perforated objects with multiple arms.
Their appearance is very reminiscent of some reels, so most
authors believe that these items were used in the process of
weaving or making ishing nets. For now, it is not possible to
prove, given that very little attention was paid to the context
in which they were found, and that there are no parallels in
later historical periods. An additional problem is the fact that
these items occur only within the Vina culture group, while
in the areas of other cultures they occur only as a result of imports, or contact with representatives of the Vina culture. If
the assumption that these items had only a utilitarian purpose
is conirmed, there is a very interesting question: why was not
this practical tool used in other cultures, and what caused the
emergence of the object in the Vina culture?
As for types I and II of multi-armed objects, it should be noted
that there is the same underlying concept in each of them: the
axis with the arms diagonally arranged around it (Figure 12).
There is a diference in the place of perforation, so in type I,
perforation was not performed through the axis, but through
the place of joining arms, which are all of the same length. In
type II, perforation was performed through the axis, and it is
characteristic that there are diferences in the shape of the
body, although it is not clear whether the diferent shape of
the body caused diferent function.
Figure 12

Type C I

Type C II

In order to come closer to any possible use of the object indirectly, the weights and span of arms were measured. In type I,
the weights range from about 30 grams to 70 grams. The arm
span varies from 4 cm to 6.7 cm, and compared to inds from
other sites those are generally the sizes in which these objects
were made. As for the objects analyzed in this study, the greatest number of samples (as many as 7 out of 8 samples) has
the arm span between 4 cm and 5.5 cm. The measurements
also showed that the same span of arms did not necessarily
mean approximately the same weight. Based on this, we have
drawn the conclusion that the weight was not the primary fac30 tor, but the size of the object and the length of the arm played
the crucial role.
Items of type C II are much more variable in size and weight.
The height ranges from 4 cm (Cat. No. 249) up to 9 cm (Cat.
No. 1), and the weight from about 30 grams (Cat. No. 47) to
163 grams (Cat. No. 1). Therefore, in this type of objects, neither weight, nor size, and therefore no span of arms, had an
important role. It is characteristic that cylindrical, biconical or
pear-shaped bodies occur, and what is common is that the

body always served as an axis through which the perforation

was performed. It is also speciic that the slanting arms, three
or four of them (except for Cat. No. 331 with ive slanting arms
in the middle and three at the top), are always short. Based on
this, we can conclude that the most important factor was the
form i. e. the existence of the axis and diagonal arms.
When it comes to type C I, on the sample, Figure 13
Cat. No. 151, we can see that more strings
go from one hole, spreading to arms like
a star. On the rim of another perforation
hole, these traces are not visible.1 Crosstip arrangement of the arms imposes
the assumption that the string was also
wound crosswise. Such an item was used
as a reel, although at present it is still impossible to determine what kind of string
was wound and why.
Thanks to the very clear traces of strings on sample Cat. No.
157 (Type C II a), we made a possible reconstruction of pulling a string. It should be noted that at one perforation rim
the traces of strings branch of towards the diagonal arms,
while at the opposite perforation rim these traces are not visible. Depressions around the cross arms formed by winding
are also noticeable. Other traces of strings on the body are
not visible.
Figure 14
In this way, threads are pulled
through the central hole, and
then each is wrapped around
one diagonal arm. After that,
threads are routed to the initial
hole, or to the side the pulling
was done through.
A clear example of purely utilitarian object is provided by
sample Cat. No. 153 Type C II/c.
Very well designed and precisely shaped, this item served as
a kind of a reel the string was wrapped
around. Lateral, button-shaped arms, Figure 15
with their lared edges prevented the
string coming of the reel while creating a deep notch in which the string
was wrapped. On the other hand, the
cone-shaped protrusions (placed in the
middle between button-shaped arms),
was the delimiter, which assured that
the string is wrapped in a particular
notch and, at the same time, its height
indicated the amount of strings to be
wrapped. Winding lines are clearly visible around the lateral, button-shaped
Type C II/c,
arms, and a small amount of string was reconstruction of the
wrapped around the arms of the cenway the string was
tral axis.
pulled through and
wrapped
1 One possibility is that more strings were pulled through the hole, and
then in a particular way wrapped around the object. Another possibility is that one string was pulled through, but the multiple cuts occurred over a long period of use.

Functional Analyses

Type IV is an object with a cylindrical body

and four arms at the top. Sample Cat.
No. 260 clearly shows traces of strings
around the base of each arm, with the
ends directed towards the base. Starting
from the hole at the base, a straight lined
notch is aimed at one of the arms, and,
along the edge of the base, there are a
few more cuts, which coincide with the
upper traces created around the arms.

amulets two strings are pulled through the upper hole, and
then branched of on the base and wrapped around the arms.
In three samples, from the sites of Potporanj (Cat. No. 270),
Carina (Cat. No. 171) and At (Cat. No. 166), perforation was executed through the back. In addition to this, the sample from
the site of Potporanj, has a central perforation through the
body. They vary in size, from 6.3 cm and 113 g to 4 cm and 24
g, and they certainly had to be carried, worn or used in a different way.

A Type V object (Cat. No.) 271, we can say with certainty, is a

kind of valve. All arms are perforated, and the only dilemma is
how they managed to pull through a thread/string. All three
preserved arms are perforated, although at present impassable, due to accumulated calcinations. The holes have a diameter of 0.3 cm. There are no traces of string on the body.

Seated Amulets

Figure 16

Type VI It is also represented by only one sample Cat. No.

31. Slight depressions are noticeable on the outer, lattened
surface of the arm tips. Due to the extended ends of the arms,
we can conclude that the string was wrapped around them,
and over them, so the object is likely to have served as a kind
of a reel.
When it comes to Type VII/a i. e. two samples, Cat. No. 161
and 163, their purpose remains unclear. Their body is biconical, with a short cylindrical neck. At the place where the shoulder turns into the abdomen, there are three short wart-shaped
knobs, while the fourth is longer and curved upwards. Based
on the published material, it can be said that these amulets do
not belong to the group of so-called anchor-shaped amulets,
in which all arms are long and curved upwards. A sample that
indicates Type VII/b difers in that it has three arms, of which
only one is preserved. At the base of that arm and the one on
the opposite side, traces of strings are visible. The third arm is
fragmented at the base, so it cannot be determined whether
it also contains notches. Traces of strings are visible on both
holes of the central perforation. It was not possible to determine the mode of pulling or wrapping the string. This amulet
was found during excavations, and we have the data that a little stone chisel, probably a cult object, was located next to it
(the data is from the records of the City Museum Vrac).
Two objects that were identiied as Type VIII (Cat. No. 278 and
330) have very eroded surface, so it was impossible to reliably
determine the presence of traces of strings. However, on sample Cat. No. 330, there are depressions between the arms that
may be caused by friction, or by winding a string. The weights
are 126.67 g and 139.26 g, although both are partially fragmented, while they are almost of the same height (6 cm and
6.4 cm). The central perforation rims have only a minor depression each, most likely caused by a string.
Anthropomorphic Amulets
On anthropomorphic amulets, traces of strings are noticeable along the perforation rims, in the base, with the lines of
grooves pointing at and around stumps. Therefore, the principle of pulling the strings was the same as in the three-armed

As for seated amulets, traces of strings

are noticed mainly around the perfora- Figure 17
tion hole. The sample from the site of At,
Cat. No. 139, is the only one to have traces of strings clearly visible on the body as
well. The string was pulled through the
back hole towards the bottom one, then
wrapped around the neck and pulled
back again through the bottom hole towards the top one. This method of tying
indicates that this was a hanging amulet.
When the second sample from the site
of At, Cat. No. 3, was found, it had a thin
bird bone inserted through the hole, so it
was assumed that the bone was used as
a support. However, in the neck, and around the rims of the
hole there are noticeable traces of strings.
The weight ranges from 20 g to 50 g, and the only seated amulet that is signiicantly more massive is a sample from the
site Kremenjak Potporanj, Cat. No. 300, the weight of which
is 115 g.
ornitomorphic Amulets
Despite the fact that on all ornitomorphic amulets
there are traces of pulling strings around the perforation holes, it is diicult to assume that these amulets were
used as weights or reels. Although these amulets are
the most massive of all (generally, the weight ranges between 100 and 200 g, and even more), the shape of their
body is very inconvenient for any practical application.
With the ornitomorphic amulets of Type I, perforation was
Figure 18

31

Vina Amulets
usually made directly behind the neck and at an oblique angle, towards the base. Since the base is always lattened, and
thus adapted for mounting on a lat surface, the question is
why they were additionally tied. Traces of strings indicate that
they were pulled around the neck, through the back hole towards the bottom one. This suggests that the bottom ends of
the string were used to tie them to something that was likely
to be moving, so tying secured the object from falling down.
When it comes to the ornitomorphic amulets of type II (shaped
as ornitomorphic vessels), traces of strings are visible on the
rims of the hole in the base and are directed towards the sides
or to the head and tail. Based on this, we can assume that they
were tied in the same way as three-armed amulets.
Cushion-shaped Amulets
Unfortunately, on three samples of so-called cushion-shaped
amulets there are no traces of strings on the body; only sample Cat. No. 64 displays a slight widening of the perforation
rim, caused by pulling the string. They are approximately of
the same height: Cat.No. 64/4 cm, Cat. No. 149/4.5 cm, and Cat.
No. 150/4 cm. However, the weights are signiicantly diferent
30 g, 54 g, 14 g, due to both the composition of the clay and
the thickness of the body.
Amulets Shaped as vessels with a Spout/Handle
When it comes to the amulets shaped as vessels with a spout
/ handle, traces of strings are noticed at the rim of the perforation bottom hole and around the handle / spout. Therefore, the
string was probably pulled in the same way as in the so-called
seated amulets. A thread was pulled through the top hole,
wrapped around the spout/handle and then back through the
hole. In this way, this became a hanging amulet, or the object
could be hung around the neck or in a particular place in the
house. The weights of these amulets range from 17 g to 83.31
g (Cat.No. 67), although such a great weight is rare since most
of them weigh about 30-40 g (6 of 10 samples). The heights
are usually from 3 to 5 cm (9 of 10 samples), the only exception again is Cat. No. 67, being 7 cm high.
other Perforated items/Amulets (table viii)
There are several objects of unique appearance, but with the
characteristics of amulets: small, perforated, with traces of
strings and of unclear purpose. Massiveness and/or a form unsuitable for being worn (Cat. No. 256, 255, 148 and 248) char32 acterize some of them.
Thus, object Cat. No. 256 has a weight of about 180 g. Its massive, columnar body and four arms suggest that this is some
kind of a pedestal. However, a fragmented circular base with
the incised circular line surrounding it can be seen in the centre of the circular area from which the arms stick out. From
the remains of the base, we cannot conclude what the central missing part was like, but apparently, it was the top of the
object. The opposite bottom base is lat and undecorated.

On the rim of the hole in the bottom base, there are remains
of pulling the string. At present, it is not possible to determine the purpose of the object, but it is unlikely that this is
an amulet.
Object Cat. No. 255 resembles a biconical vessel with a cylindrical neck (partly fragmented) and four (tongue-shaped) handles on the shoulder. Traces of strings are visible only at the
hole in the base, and due to fragmentation of the top and the
handles, it is not possible to determine as to how the string
was pulled through and whether the handles were also perforated. The weight (about 150 g) suggests that the object was
not carried or worn as a "personal item" but probably hung
inside the house.
The object, Cat. No. 295 looks like a stylized head of a bull. It is
horizontally perforated at one end, with a wide diameter of the
hole and very distinct and deep traces of some kind of a string.
These notches are radially arranged, and there is a possibility
that more threads were pulled through. The upper part of one
side is depressed so it can sit properly on a rounded surface.
Object Cat. No. 323 is small, with a horizontal aperture at the
top, quite obviously designed for pulling strings. A decorated
triangular tablet (Cat. No. 247) has two deep notches left by
strings around the aperture. One is directed towards one of
the angles, while the second extends the opposite direction,
towards the middle of one of the sides. It is not possible to determine the purpose of this object, either.
On the other hand, two objects one from the site of Potporanj,
the other from the site of At (Cat. No. 248 and 148) are almost
the same in height (5.3 cm and 5.5 cm), and approximately the
same in weight (78 g and 63 g ). Since both objects are perforated vertically through the middle and have rounded bottoms
they could not be free standing. Identical shapes and similar
sizes and weights enable the assumption that this object was
made in accordance with speciic parameters, as required by
its intended use. For the time being, however, we cannot prove
whether it is a kind of a whorl or, perhaps, a weight.
An item from the site of Cerovica (Cat No. 185) has an extremely eroded surface, so we cannot reliably talk about its original
form. A biconical object with vertical perforation, but no traces
of strings also originates from the same site. There is a possibility that it is a ceramic bead, although relatively coarser fabric
gives rise to consider its exclusively practical application. Two
similar objects originate from the site of Potporanj (Cat. No.
293, 337). The diference is that in these samples the transition
from one cone to another is extremely pronounced, and one
side is completely lattened. Because of the damage, it is not
possible to determine whether this is due to the use or not.
Both are vertically perforated, but Cat. No. 293 has a large perforation diameter, so that something slightly thicker may have
been pulled through the hole.

Functional Analyses

Fabric
Speaking about the composition of clay, one should be aware
that throughout the development of the Vina culture, all
three main types (coarse, medium, ine) of fabric were present,
but admixtures used varied. Therefore, the fabric can point to
the relative chronological framework, and the purpose of the
object.
Eight diferent fabrics were abstracted among 343 amulets
at eight sites, covering a relatively small geographic area. The
fabrics are diferent in composition, or quantity of admixtures
(sand, coarse and ine crushed stone). The colour of iring varies from light buf-ochre, ochre, through reddish brown to grey
and black. Surface area is usually polished, although there are
also the samples with summary treatment, and, rarely, a burnished surface.
It is well known that clay is very rarely used untreated, or without any other admixtures. Within each culture, we can see the
use of clay of diferent fabric depending on the use of the object that is made. For example, to increase resistance of the vessel to high temperatures or water, certain admixtures are added to clay or the surface is treated in a special way. Based on
that, within each culture there are vessels intended for cooking, storing liquids or food preparation. In other words, if the
purpose is the same, then the composition of the clay is the
same, too, although the forms may be diferent.

anthropomorphic amulets, although at the sites of Potporanj

and At there is a sample of coarse fabric, with coarse crushed
stone. An equal proportion of iner and coarser structure with
coarse crushed stone is found among zoomorphic or seated
amulets. Clay mixed with ine sand and a little ine crushed
stone prevails among ornitomorphic amulets, while in few
samples the clay with rough grained sand is used. Among the
cushion-shaped amulets and those shaped as vessels with a
spout/handle, the most common is medium fabric, with a little
sand or, rarely, coarse sand or inely crushed stone.
Amulet fabric indicates diferent chronological frameworks,
but at the same time, their diversity suggests that the composition of clay was not of great importance. Nevertheless,
the diversity of fabric raises the question of their use. If we assume that the amulets were used in weaving, then those that
were made of clay with admixture of very ine sand, which almost wipes on hand, would soon be worn during constant
rubbing caused by the movement of the string. On the other
hand, those made of clay with coarse sand or coarse crushed
stone due to rough surfaces would often cause breaking of
the string.

When it comes to ceramic objects designed to be cult/ritual objects, the assumption is that they will not be exposed
to high temperatures, so there is no need to get such fabric
when making them. Some ritual vessels were designed to hold
liquids, so their fabric and treatment of the surface were adequate to that function. When it comes to anthropomorphic
igurines, we can assume that the choice of clay was due to
the ease of modelling and aesthetic component. On the other
hand, coarse fabric of cult items suggests that the object was
made of the clay prepared for manufacturing everyday dishes.
This suggests that the aesthetic component was not of great
importance, but purpose and symbolism were.
The great diversity of amulet fabric shows that clay was not always prepared in the same way for production of those items.
This means that their function was not conditioned by a speciic fabric. Two-armed amulets, which are the most numerous,
and probably for that reason made from the most diverse clay
fabrics, were made of clay mixed with ine sand, in which case
they had well polished or even burnished (though rarely) surfaces, as they were made of clay with a lot of coarse crushed
stone. The way of modelling also shows the greatest deviation in this group of amulets: from the very summary to the
extremely precisely and meticulously shaped. Most of threearmed amulets were made of ine fabric clay, mixed with ine
sand, although there are also two samples with coarse crushed
stone. Most of them are meticulously modelled. As for multiarmed amulets, the fabric difers depending on whether iner
or coarser sand is added to the clay, but no sample was made
of clay mixed with coarse crushed stone or a big quantity of
large grain sand. This group of amulets exhibit the most accurate workmanship made. Finer fabric is also dominant among

33

Vina Amulets

SYMBoLiSM oF AMULetS

The fundamental issue in the analysis of cult objects of a culture is the issue of the meaning of certain symbols for the
members of that culture. As for the oldest periods of civilization, the parallels are made with the later, well-known symbolic systems. Very often, we have seen that some symbols
were accepted among the most remote communities, and that
many of these symbols remained in use for a very long period
retaining their original meaning. Although ethnological and
ethno-archaeological studies allow us to analyze the meaning and role of certain symbols in historical periods, their direct analogy with Neolithic cultures seems not to have a reliable basis yet.
two-armed Amulets
As for the symbolism of two-armed amulets, the interpretation that is usually quoted is that they represent the head of a
bull or so-called horns of consecration. Interpreting Starevo
amulets, S. Stankovi pointed out that the representations of
a bull are very common in prehistoric times, mostly occurring in the form of an inverted letter A or the letters Y and T.
When it comes to objects, painted representations or Y-shaped
notches, the analyses have shown that they may portray a cattle head, but the same form with a slightly longer lower part
may also be a representation of the whole animal (Stankovi
1992:169).
Diferences in the body shape of two-armed amulets of the
Vina culture could favour this interpretation. In fact, as the
typological analysis reveals, columnar bodies that are taller
than the height of the arms are represented; then, triangular bodies whose height is similar to the height of the arms;
stocky bodies with small hornlike or long conical arms; and at
the end, tongue-shaped bodies with very short arms usually
conical in shape.
If we accept the hypothesis that the Y form may represent
both the head and the whole animal, the type of columnar
two-armed amulets, due to their body height, could be interpreted as a representation of the whole cattle/bull. Given the
Figure 19
34
A good example of unifying
symbols of a bull and
representation of a woman
is a bone amulet from the
site Bilche Zolote in Ukraine
(Dumitrescu 1960: 43), the late
phase of the Cucuteni group.

height of the body, other types of two-armed amulets would

be representations of the head only.
However, in some samples of columnar two-armed amulets
(not represented in the Vrac collection), the breast is applied.
In this case, such representations could hardly be interpreted
as a representation of a bulls body, so that a more plausible
explanation may be that they represent a symbiosis of a bull
and a woman. In addition, it is not uncommon that the arm
tips are shaped into animal or bird heads, or anthropomorphic
masks, which might indicate that in some cases two-armed
amulets cannot be interpreted only as a representation of a
bull or bucranium, but they may be seen as taking on multiple meanings instead.
Perhaps, we should consider the possibility that two- Figure 20
armed amulets are a symbiosis of several symbols a
bull, woman/goddess, and
for now, unidentiied animal
whose stylized representation of the head in the form
of protome appears at Vina
sacriice altars/vessels, which
are constantly occurring symbols in the Neolithic art. Such
integration of symbols would
also be completely justiied
given that the amulets are the
objects that protect you from
every evil. A bull has a lunar
character as is associated with fertility rites, but also solar
for the iery blood and spilling his seed (Gerbran - Chevalier,
2004). A woman always symbolizes fertility, and the third symbol an unidentiied animal or a bird could symbolize either
protection or start of a new process of regeneration/fertility. M.
Gimbutas (1989) suggests that the dog was the main Neolithic
animal deity. The dog had a lunar character, and in a variety of
beliefs, it appears as the protector of vampires or the spirit of
the harvested crops. Probably the most famous representation
of a woman goddess on a throne lanked by two animals1, is
found on the sample from the site of Catal Hyk (Figure 20).
This site is also rich in inds of bucraniums in a very speciic
and, quite certainly, ritual magic context.
One should not forget that bucraniums are also found
placed above the entrance of houses at our sites of the Vina
group.2
1 J. Mellaart (1976) interpreted them as leopards, the largest and most
dangerous animals in the region, which are supposed to symbolize the
world of wild animals and death. Melaart viewed the goddess with wild
animals as a relection of its former role at a time when the population
was mostly engaged in hunting, as mistress of wild animals, which should
be the protector of hunting and thus provide a good catch.
These animals could also have a protective role, especially as is the case
with this particular representation; the goddess is shown in childbirth.
We should not forget that in the later periods of civilization the appearance of animals (e.g. on the coats of arms), lanking a person or an object,
is interpreted as protection.
2 There are numerous archaeological and ethnographic examples of mounting the head of an ox or a wild bull on the house front or in the field
against the evil eye, or in the sanctuary. If it is on the outer side of the

Symbolism Of Amulets

For now, the unique combination of symbols is found on sample Cat. No. 84 from the site of At. It is a two-armed amulet with
one arm moulded in the form of an animals head and with
ears, while the second is likely to represent an ornitomorphic
head with the emphasized top (crest?) and nose (beak?). This
sample certainly provides the best example of a symbiosis of
several symbols, each of which has a diferent meaning and
role and contributes to the protective nature of the object.

three-armed amulets
The simplest interpretation of three-armed amulets would
be that they represent anthropomorphic representations.
However, given that there are amulets clearly displaying a human form, the question is why the human igure would be represented in two completely diferent ways. In addition, there
is a distinct diference in shaping of the body. In three-armed
amulets, the body is globular or heart-shaped, while in anthropomorphic amulets, the body is always columnar and/or lat.
It is interesting that in three-armed amulets, in contrast to anthropomorphic ones, the head is never represented in a realistic way, but the central/ upper arm has a cylindrical shape.
Figure 21

a.

b.

a. site Achilleion
(illustration after Gimbutas, 1991: Fig. 7-49/5)
b. site Medvednjak
(illustration after , 1977, p. 42)

However, three-armed amulets are very reminiscent of one

type of vessels, which are shaped as stylized anthropomorphic representations. Based on the samples from other sites
and cultures, we tried to ind an answer about the meaning of
so-called three-armed amulets.
A sample of a vessel from the site of Achilleion in Thessaly,
found at the altar of a house (Gimbutas, 1991: Fig. 7-49/5)
shows great similarity in shape with the Vina vessels amphorae and at the same time with three-armed amulets. On a
spherical body, the handles are represented as hands, raised
in the air. Such a vessel was also uncovered at the Vina site of
house, bucranium is interpreted as a symbol of power that can withstand
all evil. In the sanctuaries, a bulls head is a symbol of potency necessary
for fertilization and thus the continuation of life. Ethnological research in
the area of our country have shown that in the valley of the Ibar River in
Kosovo, the Serbs had agrarian idol in the form of bucranium, so-called
bearet (T. P. Vukanovi, 1971). Bucraniums are placed in ields with advanced crops, and play an important role in the protection of livestock.
There is a custom to make a scarecrow with bovine head and human
body. In some parts, the body is female.

Medvednjak and its height was only 10 cm (, 1977, p.

42). Such forms of vessel/amphorae are present in the Vina
culture, but handles are stylized and are described as handles
shaped like the letter L.
Vasi (1906: Fig. 62d) provided an example of such an amphora with speciic L handles from the site of Mali Drum, arguing
that these handles were much more common on pots than on
deep bowls. He suggested that
these pots always had a lid Figure 22
(prosopomorphic). Vasi also
carried out the reconstruction
(Figure 22) and claimed that
the reconstructed anthropomorphic vase is reminiscent
of the objects from Jablanica
(Vasi, 1902: ig. 77 and 78),
which were used as jewellery.
Those are actually three-armed
amulets (type B I Table A)!
Amphorae with two vertically placed handles and a prosopomorphic lid, or a high cylindrical neck, on which a face
is drawn or modelled, occur in
other Neolithic cultures of South
East Europe and Asia Minor, as
well as in the later Eneolithic
and Bronze Age cultures.

Site Mali Drum

(illustration after Vasi 1906:
Fig. 62 d)

There are some samples of amphorae with vertical handles and

prosopomorphic lids from Troy, from the level II, where, instead
of handles, wings are represented (Schliemann 1881: p. 426,
ig. 349; Schliemann 1884: p. 209, ig. 98). H. Schliemann saw
those vessels as a representation of goddess Athena, whose
favourite animals were birds (an owl), a snake and a rooster,
while she was also the mistress of the olive tree and oil Figure 23
(Schliemann, 1884). In those
representations, M. Gimbutas
sees the Bird goddess, the
most important deity of
the Old Europe (Gimbutas,
1991).
Two bird-like faces are also
represented on a vessel
(Figure 23), which in shape resembles three-armed amulets (Type B II Table A). It was
found at the site of Bukovac
35
(Draovean - Ciobotaru, 2001:
ig. 55). The height is 22.5
Site Bukovac
cm, and it has two tongue(illustration
after
shaped handles, vertically
Draovean
Ciobotaru,
2001:
ig.
55)
perforated and placed opposite each other at the
widest section of th body /
shoulder.

Vina Amulets
Figure 24

Figure 25

a.

a.

b.

a.
b.
c.
d.
c.

b.

d.

e.

a. site Vina, 6.6 m

(illustration after : 1932, . 53, . 105)
b. site Center, Hungary, Baden Culture
(illustration after Gimbutas: 1989, ig. 291)
c. site Troya, level II
(illustration after Schliemann 1884: p. 208, ig. 97)
d. site Troya, level III
(illustration after Schliemann 1881: p. 426, ig. 349)
e. site Troya, level IV
(illustration after Schliemann 1884: p. 209, ig. 98)

Vasi informed (1932:52-54) that in 1911, in the house at a

depth of 6.6 m, an androgynous cosmetics bowl, with two
faces had been found (Fig. 24/a). In the Vasis drawing, the amphora with two faces was reconstructed as biconical with wartshaped handles. It is possible that in addition to those wartshaped protrusions, the amphorae also had other handles.
Along with these vessels, the famous anthropomorphic vessel
was unearthed (, 1932: Fig. 89, 90), together with a 12.4
cm high bottle (Fig. 25/a). This was obviously a group of ritual vessels, which had been laid at a certain place in the house.
Although much smaller, the bottle and another small vessel
from the same group (, 1936b: ig. 47/506), almost the
same in size as the amulet from the site of Potporanj, were very
similar in shape to the inds from Bukovac (Fig. 23 ), and threearmed amulets (Table II).
36 It is particularly interesting that at the site of Troy, from level II
on, we ind vessels that are very similar in shape to the Vina
vessels and the vessels of other Central Balkan Late Neolithic
cultures. It was obviously a strong tradition, which survived
throughout an extremely long period in Asia Minor, probably
because the strongest or main religious centre was located in
that area.

c.
d.
Site Vina (illustration after 1932: . 106 and
1936: . 47/506)
Cat. No. 257
reconstruction Cat. No. 257
site Troy, level III
(illustration after Schliemann 1881: page 388, ig. 241)

The vessels very similar to the Vina bottles, or three-armed amulets,

was also found in Troy, at level III (Figure 25/d)

Anthropomorphic amulets
As for this kind of amulets, there is no doubt regarding their
symbolism. They clearly represent an anthropomorphic igure, most probably a deity. Unlike igurines, they are roughly
worked, displaying much less detail. In addition, neither sample has sexual characteristics. Moulding of anthropomorphic
amulets followed the style of igurines, so that very abstract
representations appeared in the inal phases. The overall appearance of the body is cruciform, with a small head and the
nose sticking out, while ornamentation has almost vanished.
Among anthropomorphic amulets, there is also a variant of
double-headed items that is, the representation of Magna
Mater and her male companion.
The largest number of anthropomorphic amulets is the size of
anthropomorphic igurines, so the question arises as to why
the amulets of the same shape and size as the igurines, i.e.
deities, would have been made. At this point, we can only assume that igurines were used in certain rituals, while anthropomorphic amulets had a protective role.
Seated / zoomorphic amulets
Within this group of the Vina amulets, two variants are singled out, based on the manner of head representation. The
irst variant includes those amulets in which the head is represented in a very stylized form as a small cylindrical bulge,
so we cannot determine whether it is an anthropomorphic or
zoomorphic/ornitomorphic representation. The second group
consists of the samples with clearer modelling of the head, so
that zoomorphic representations can be clearly recognized.

Symbolism Of Amulets

In their shape, seated amulets are a group of objects that closely resemble the Starevo seated igurines, interpreted as representations of a female deity. This could provide us with a
framework for interpreting these representations. However,
a sample from At (Cat. No. 3) was unearthed with a bird bone
in the perforation hole (which, unfortunately, has not been
preserved). When found, the bone was interpreted as a support on which the amulet could stand in an upright position.
Nevertheless, we can conclude that the bone did not have a
support function, but that the bird bone was put into the amulets because the amulet was supposed to symbolize a bird.
In favour of the possibility that those were representations of
birds, the decoration on a sample from the site of Cerovice (Cat.
No. 196) should be mentioned. The body is decorated with
parallel arched incisions, like the ornitomorphic amulets from
the site of Potporanj Kremenjak, apparently with the intention to imitate feathers and wings. Within Variant I b, seated
zoomorphic amulets are recognized, for the representation of
ears and nose/snout, although it is diicult to determine precisely what animals they represented (bear?).

imitate the wings, while perforation is executed vertically or

diagonally through the body. The second group includes amulets that take the form of birds, but pedestal is added on the
lower part of the body/chest. Another lower cylindrical portion, through which perforation is made, is placed in the same
axis from the top/back side. The irst group contains realistic
representations of birds, with no other supplements on the
body, while the second group actually includes amulets in the
form of ornitomorphic vessels. Such a vessel, certainly ritual,
can be found in the Vina culture as well as in other Neolithic
cultures in South East Europe and the Middle East. Obviously,
there was a ritual containing the libation from the ornitomorphic vessel. We can only assume the meaning and symbolism
of the ritual, but it was clearly a part of the Neolithic religion
in the regions stretching far beyond the territory of the Vina
culture.
As for the irst group of amulets, it is only the symbolism of the
bird that matters. Since in the later stages of the Vina culture
anthropomorphic igurines had bird heads, it is possible that

Figure 26

Figure 27
a. Site Cerovica, Cat. No. 196
example of parallel arched
incisions, apparently with
the intention to imitate
feathers and wings
b. Site At, Cat. No. 53
zoomorpfhic seated amulet

a.

b.

a.

The basic question regarding these amulets seems to be why

they were moulded in a seated position. When it comes to
anthropomorphic sculptures, there are female igurines in a
seated position (on the ground) in both the Vina and other Neolithic cultures, and they are commonly interpreted as
a representation of a woman in childbirth. By accepting this
explanation, these amulets could be interpreted as a means
that protects or encourages the birth. With a bird head, the
meaning would be the renewal of nature, while the animal
head could be the head of a dog the patron, or the head of
a bear/female bear, which in later periods in some nations also
symbolized the protector of mothers.
The only sample of a zoomorphic perforated head bears resemblance to the head of a deer. According to some sources,
the belief in Mother symbolically represented in the form of
a deer, who created life, was very strong for thousands of years.
Deer representations, either as applications or as vessels, also
appeared in other Neolithic cultures of South East Europe. In
European folklore, especially among the Irish and the Scots,
one can still ind connections with the supernatural deer or
goddess-doe (Gerbran - Chevalier, 2004).

ornitomorphic amulets
This group of amulets clearly represents a bird. There are two
basic types. In the irst group, representations of birds are realistic, often decorated with arched lines that are supposed to

b.

a. Ornitomorphic vessel, site Vina,

illustration after . 2008
b. Ornitomorphic vessel from Krs Culture, SE Hungary,
illustration after M. Gimbutas 1991, ig. 2 20

those birds personiied a certain deity. Birds are also interpreted as symbols of change of seasons, and above all, the arrival
of spring and the beginning of a new cycle of regeneration of
nature and fertility.
D. Garaanin highlighted that those water birds no distinction was made between the ducks, geese and swans then were a symbol of fertility, marital faithfulness and blessings
given by the river (. , 1951). They had a primary role of an aphrodisiac and were often represented next to
women. The goose was sacriiced to Venus and Apollo in Delos
and to Mars in Rome; it was also dedicated to Juno, the protector of marriage. For the Etruscans, the goose accompanies fertility goddess, and in Egypt, it was dedicated to Isis and Osiris
37
the god of vegetation.
S. Terzijska-Ignatova (2004) assumes that birds symbolize tutelary spirits, into which the souls of ancestors transformed. The
idea of birds as the souls of the dead or conveyers of the souls
to the other world exists in the myths of many communities
around the world. In addition, birds have long been considered as intermediaries between the Heavens and the Earth,
messengers and interpreters of Gods will. They were an omen
of good or bad events.

Vina Amulets
Cushion-shaped amulets

Amulets shaped as vessels with a spout/handle

Given the shape, cushion-shaped amulets do not give reasons

to conclude that these objects had a symbolic meaning; they
look like some kind of a winding coil. However, two samples
one from Vina, and the other from the site of Vitkovako
polje, may indicate a diferent interpretation. Unfortunately,
no precise answer can be given yet prior to further studies. The
sample of so-called cushion-shaped amulets from the site of
Vina - Belo Brdo (, 1936a: ig. 636) features two angles
decorated with zoomorphic heads. The heads had a snout and
small, pointy ears like zoomorphic protome occurring on
other Vina pottery items. The other two are fragmented, so it
is impossible to say whether they also looked like zoomorphic
heads or were conically modelled. G. Lazarovici, (1973: 101, ig.
8/b 3) informed that a similar amulet was found at the site of
Mogulitsa I in Greece.

The shape of a vessel with a spout, which appears as an amulet,

resembles the vessels that began occurring at the level of 8.1
m, but were more common in the later Vina phases (,
1936b: 22). They are usually biconical vessels with the indented upper cone and a spout on the prominent shoulder. These
vessels usually have suspension holes near the rim or capped
handles on the shoulder and are vertically perforated to allow
strings on which the vessel could hang to be tied. Their dimensions are small, usually up to 10 cm. M. Vasi ( 1936 b:
22) believed that these items were weevils, or oil lamps with
a spout to pull the wick through.

Figure 28

There are similarities with the lamps appearing in the subsequent periods, but only chemical analysis can conirm them.
Should it be conirmed that these were oil lamps, then this
form of amulets could be interpreted as a symbol of connection to the dead (in the Roman period, weevils were placed in
the tomb, in the belief that it would light the way to the other world), or as a symbol of ire or light. Perhaps, they were
also a part of a ritual (in the Orthodox Christianity, oil lamps
cressets are still used in church rituals and stand in front of
the icon).
Figure 30

Zoomorphic cushion-shaped amulet, site Vina

(illustration after 1936a: . 636)

Figure 29

a.

b.

c.

a. site At, Cat. No. 28

b. vessel with a spout, site Vina 3,6 m
(illustration after 1936: . 196)
c. Hellenistic lamp

Zoomorphic amulet, site Vitkovako polje

At the site of Vitkovako polje near Aleksandrovac, a zoomorphic amulet was unearthed, shaped like two halves of the
body, with the heads facing the opposite directions and connected in the middle (Figure 29). The amulet has an aperture only at the top of the body. The speciic feature of the
Vitkovako polje sample is that it has a conical protuberance
on the lower side of the body. Was it a representation of an udder or if zoomorphic igures are to be interpreted as dogs,
38 could it be a female dog with prominent breasts? The sample
from Vitkovako polje, as well as the Vina sample, opens the
possibility for so-called cushion-shaped amulets to be interpreted as stylized forms adapted for portraying these dual
zoomorphic representations. As in much later historical periods, double zoomorphic representations have always had a
protective character. However, the possibility that the cushionshaped amulets were just utilitarian objects, on which as on
many other items of practical purpose apotropaic symbols
were added, certainly cannot be excluded.

The simplest explanation is that the vessels used in a ritual act

of libation were represented. The liquid sacriice was known
in later historical periods and is generally interpreted as a sacriice to ancestors.3
other perforated items
This group includes perforated objects that by their shape
could not be classiied into any of the other groups of amulets.
Most often, they do not have any analogies at other sites. The
attempt to make sense of their purpose and the symbolism is
3 V. ajkanovi (1994) informs about a wedding ritual in which the bride
takes a bottle of wine and a bottle of water into her husbands house, or
into the new cult community. While going around the hearth, which is a
symbol of domestic cult, she pours a little water and wine in the bowls
on the hearth, and looks into the chimney. He points out that there are
many analogies for such a ritual in other Indo-European peoples. It is a
ritual principle aqua et igni. The purpose of this ritual is related solely to
the cult of ancestors, and so the bestowal pouring water and wine, and
worshiping the hearth, is a true sacriice to the ancestors, who are to be
propitiated. The goal is to get the one going around the hearth linked or
subordinated to the ancestors of the new cult community.

Symbolism Of Amulets

therefore based on a comparison with other portable material

of the Vina group or later ethnologic materials.
The preserved part of the object resembles the vessels that M.
Vasi classiied as cosmetics bowls and called them aryballos
(, 1932: p. 69, Fig. 120, 122), with the height of 6.4/6.8
cm. Such vessels do not have their analogies among vessels of
ordinary larger dimensions, which were designed for everyday use.
Like the object from Potporanj, the aryballoses from Vina also
have an opening of 0.5 cm. However, the opening in the aryballos was not made throughout the whole height of the item,
but generally covers 2/3 of the object. The aryballoses have
holes on the bulges on their bodies, as well as on the lared
rim, through which the suspension string was pulled. Item Cat.
No. 255 is perforated along its height, while traces of strings
are visible on the bottom hole, as well as on some fragmented
bulges on the body.

At the same time, the lower biconical body and the high cylindrical and narrow neck of the aryballos is very reminiscent
of a small vessel found at Vina (Figure 31a) lying next to an
amphora with two faces (Fig. 24a) in the house at the depth
of 6.6 meters. If we accept the hypothesis (which will hopefully be tested by chemical analysis), that oil was kept in such
small bottles, it could be concluded that the amphorae with
the representation of a face or a prosopomorphic lids were the
main receptacles for storing large amounts of oil. Furthermore,
if we accept the thesis that a speciic symbolism was applied
on speciic items, in other words, that every object (whether
of utilitarian or cult purpose) had a special symbolism relecting its importance or associating a deity a protector of speciic activities, then we can draw the conclusion that the vessel
shaped as aryballos with two faces (Figure 23) from the site
of Bukovac had the same purpose as the amphorae with the
representation of a face or prosopomorphic lids.
Conclusion

As already mentioned, there were a few examples of aryballos

in Vina appearing around the depth of around 6m. J. Koroec
pointed out that whatever the purpose of these small vessels
was, they were not modelled after large vessels, as such large
vessels have not been found yet (Koroec, 1959 a). He therefore argued that these were not small vessels, but vessels of
normal size, which had some special purpose. These vessels,
in the opinion of J. Koroec, should be associated with some
items that do not belong to the area of the Vina culture, and
that their very small volume and a small opening in the neck
do not exclude the possibility that they were used for some
ritual purposes. He noted similar vessels found at Butmir and
Tuzla, and in the Slavonia - Srem variant, and concluded that
Figure 31

a.

b.

a. Aryballos site Vina (illustration after 1932: . 10, 121)

b. Cat. No. 255 and possible reconstruction,
site Potporanj Kremenjak

they had got there through the penetration of the Vina culture. Similar vessels occurred at several locations in Croatia and
Slovenia; some of them were found with a small plate lid.
Several aryballos were discovered at the sites near Zrenjanin4.
The experiment has showed that oil easily pours out from such
a narrow interior of the vessel. It is possible that special kinds
of oil liquid were kept in such vessels, and that the vessel itself
because of the holes for pulling a string through was either
carried or hung in a special place in the house.
4 Collection of a private collector J. Bakalov from Zrenjanin, who was the
one who did an experiment with pouring water and oil in the bowls

By deinition, the amulet5 is an object made of various materials to which supernatural power is attributed, and which will
protect the one who owns it from all evil ( 1997: 45).
The amulets are often worn attached on a string around the
neck, alone or inserted into a necklace. They are sometimes
tied to some other parts of the body, depending on what is
to be specially protected. Amulets can also be put inside the
house and hung over the bed or window, or outside in the
doorway. Less known is that amulets were hung on animal
horns, foreheads or at the junction of the buttocks and tail
of the main animals in the herd. Amulets were hidden in the
walls of houses or under them, or they were put on diferent
pedestals in the courtyard, in the ield, or in the centre of a village (Budge 1933).
Very few data on the context in which the Vina two-armed
amulets were unearthed in the houses, or sometimes, in pits
below the loor of the house - indicate that these items were
used in the interior space. Unfortunately, we do not have data
for other types of amulets (three-armed, anthropomorphic, ornitomorphic, seated, in the form of a vessel and others), but
it seems that symbolism prevails, and that their shape made
them completely useless for any practical purpose.
Diferences in the size of amulets indicate that they were not
only used as personal items for protection from any evil, or
as talismans hung around the neck or other part of the body,
but that the amulets of speciic dimensions may also be used
and hung in the house. Unfortunately, we do not have many
data relating to the ritual space inside the house. However, the
site of Jakovo Kormadin provides some data at least. There, a 39
pair of two-armed amulets was found in a house of the secular
character, while the other two samples were found in a structure designated for worship.
Ethnological studies show that, from the moment it emerged
as a form of a shelter and habitat, the house had a much more
important purpose than just physical or utilitarian. It became
5 Kulii Petrovi Panteli, 1998. The name comes from the Latin amuletum and is widely used for the means that removes all evil.

Vina Amulets
a protected area, both literally and iguratively, and in order
to ensure the full protection, rituals that would appease the
forces of nature were performed in it. Moreover, the house
also symbolized the continuity of life and the continuity of a
family, so it was the habitat of not only the living but also of
the dead.
. Eliade believes that to dwell in a territory ultimately means
to make it sacred (Eliade 2004:29). In other words, unoccupied, foreign territory is part of the Chaos and only by settling
in it, one turns it into his world through a series of ritual and
symbolic acts. It is in the houses that we ind items that served
the cult the altars, ornitomorphic, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic vessels, bowls with protomes, footed cups, etc., so
it is not hard to imagine that each or almost every house had
a space where the cult was practiced and where these items
were stored. In addition to these items, there were igures of
deities or amulets that protected from the evil eye. Insuicient
data prevent us from making conclusion as to whether the cult
was practiced in every house or the cult items could be found
in one of ive, ten, etc. houses; or whether the ritual activities
may have been performed at the level of the extended family, which consisted of several households?
Amulets of the Vina culture appear in a great variety of types,
each of them containing a certain symbolism and therefore a
special meaning and apotropaic power. This demonstrates a
developed spiritual life of its members, who in that way sought
to secure some protection or advantage for themselves. Unlike
the igurines, where representation of a woman plays a dominant role, the symbolism of the amulets turns to other representations. Some amulets have very clear characteristics,
which makes the attempt to make sense of their symbolism
less puzzling. The symbolism present among the Vina amulets
also occurs in all Neolithic cultures of South East Europe, the
Mediterranean and Asia Minor. Horns of consecration, birds,
quadruped animal (dog/leopard) and female deity are part of
a religion that in later periods reappeared in various myths,
cults and alleged new religions.
Two-armed amulets indicate the symbiosis of a number of
symbols (female deity, a bull, a bird, a dog?, a ram?), which,
because of being primarily associated with fertility and the
cyclical renewal and able to provide a great protective power,
were surely the most used ones. Amulets in the shape of vessels (B amphorae, F I ornitomorphic vessels, H vessels with
a spout/handle) show how important the vessels of a realistic size, as well as their content and purpose, were for the representatives of the Vina culture. As all types of these vessels
(amphorae, ornitomorphic vessels and bowls with a spout) indicate that a kind of liquid was kept in them, it would be worth40 while to examine the substance in question. Anthropomorphic
amulets unambiguously represent the Deity, while we can only
assume that ornitomorphic amulets symbolize the cyclical renewal of nature. As the anthropomorphic igurines in the inal
phases usually had bird heads, we could undoubtedly link the
principal female deity with the representation of the bird. It is
possible that at the beginning, the symbolism was separated,
but over time, it merged, so the attribute of divinity eventually
became its integral part. Such fusion can be observed in the
seated amulets, where the head is sometimes portrayed as a

bird, and sometimes in the form of an animal (bear?). Female

igures sitting on the ground are usually interpreted as symbols of mothers (female-fertility-birth-earth). Perhaps it is not
a coincidence that in the later periods the bear i.e. female
bear, was portrayed as the protector of mothers.
It is certain, therefore, that every type of amulets had its special
meaning and purpose. At this point, it is not possible to puzzle
out whether the amulets were somehow sanctiied, or there
was a ritual transforming the objects into the sacred items, or
they became such by their very shape.

Origin And Development Of Belief

o Ri G i n A n D De v eLo PM e n t oF Be L ie F

Numerous and various cult objects that are typical of Neolithic

cultures in the Middle East and South East Europe have been
the subject of many analyses, from those basic, concerned with
typological characteristics, to the attempts to make sense of
their role and meaning. Very distinctive anthropomorphic igurines, always represented in speciic ways, indicate the existence of canonical forms. Results of numerous studies increasingly show that, along with female igurines, there were other
representations / items almost equally represented, which certainly were an integral part of a belief.
Whether it was a cult or we can talk about religion is the question that still remains without an adequate explanation and is
the cause of the controversy among the experts who deal with
this issue, with diferences between the two concepts insuiciently distinctions. Very often, religion is explained as a way
of life or a cultural system, a system of symbols, beliefs, and
behaviour patterns through which human beings control what
is out of their hands.
Since this paper does not deal with distinguishing the diferences and deining notions of religion and worship, we will
use the terms faith and belief. Every religion is an ideology
because it contains ideas that are the driving force and, at the
same time set principles for their implementation.
As cults and religions of the subsequent periods, the Neolithic
belief is also characterized by the connection with supernatural powers. The prevalence and consistency in taking the same
symbols in a large territory, the same economics, modes of
burial, indicate that this belief was based on speciic norms.
If those norms were to be accepted across such a large area,
among so many diferent cultural ethnic groups and over a
very long period of time, they had to be based on a set of moral
and philosophical principles, which were passed down from
generation to generation.
The remains indicate that those principles were implemented
through a variety of symbolic forms and activities in order to
establish the connection with the supernatural powers. Some
believe that the rituals actually arose from the routine of everyday life, for people thereby could metaphorically talk about
their living conditions. J. Bruck (1999) points out that many societies do not distinguish between the practical and the symbolic, and therefore it cannot be assumed that these categories were speciically separated in the past.
Therefore, no matter whether the Neolithic belief is called religion or a cult, it certainly relects the lifestyle of a large population, in a large area, over many centuries. More and more
scientists believe that many elements of that belief are still
preserved today through various pagan rituals, customs and
cults.

origin of Belief
Archaeological, historical and ethnographic studies have
shown that a speciic way of life and work is relected in a speciic form of religious belief. That religion eventually becomes
part of the cultural ethnic identity of a particular population
and turns into tradition, and then, at least in the most basic elements, is passed on to subsequent generations.
It is interesting that, so far, all identiied Neolithic communities
demonstrate a very similar way of belief derived from or because of the same economic conditions. Since the Neolithic period is a period of transition to a sedentary lifestyle and growing crops and livestock breeding as a primary source of subsistence, it is logical that the belief would be directed to providing
these food supplies. Fertility becomes a primary factor in the
life of a man dependent on nature and, hence, it is not surprising that female deities emerged, as a universal symbol of fertility. Because of this, the female igures are usually referred to
as the Great Mother (Magna Mater), Mother Earth. The number
of igurines used to represent it in a symbolic way has led to
the interpretations of Neolithic religion in which the dominant
and almost exclusive role has been given to the Great Mother.
In subsequent periods, the supreme female deity was worshiped under various names throughout the Mediterranean and
Middle East.1 Although some authors connect the representation of Magna Mater from the historical period to the Neolithic
female deity, there is currently no evidence that would conirm this hypothesis.
However, the supreme role of female deity is not contested,
nor is the occurrence of her male companion, always portrayed
as a bull, in all of these Neolithic cultures. Recent research indicates that during 10th millennium in the Levant (Cauvin, 2000),
the representations of a woman and a bull appeared for the
irst time, and in the coming millennia they would become a
general symbol of a religion, which covered a very large geographic area from the Middle East to the Mediterranean and
Central Europe. Their shapes appear in diferent forms on vessels, on the walls of houses, igurines, amulets...
The occurrence of anthropo-zoomorphic and anthropo-ornitomorphic representations can be regarded as a result of the
1 The cult of Magna Mater is of Asia Minor-Friesian origin (A: Cermanovi
Kuzmanovic, D. Srejovi, Belgrade, 1992). From the time of Emperor
Claudius, in Rome in March they celebrated a day in honour of Magna
Mater and her favourite Attis. On the irst day of the holiday, a bull was
sacriiced for ield fertility. In Phrygia, it was called Cybele and was revered
as the mother of the gods, and the whole of nature. Her companion and
favourite, Attis, was worshiped as a deity of vegetation.
Worship of the supreme goddess is kept up to date with the Basques, a
European nation that has managed to remain isolated and not to fall under the inluence of the Indo-Europeans. They call her Mari, and she is the
mistress of many spirits, most of them female. She is associated with the
Moon. It is considered that the variations in the representations of Mari
occur because of its original functions, as a deity who was related to the
cycle of birth death rebirth. Bird goddess is the one that rules over the
birth and destiny and occurs in the form of ducks, swans and other water
birds. As a symbol of death, she is depicted in the form of birds of prey,
while as the source of life and regeneration she is associated with eggs,
and a snake. Curved spiral signiies the energetic aspect of the goddess
who gives life. Such spirals sometimes appear as the eyes of birds, ram
horns, which makes it a sacred animal linked to the goddess.

41

Vina Amulets
way economic activities were performed. Characteristics of
certain animals and birds were ascribed to/united with anthropomorphic deities, thus symbolically reinforcing speciic features necessary for securing continuation of living. However,
another conclusion is possible - that divine character was ascribed to certain animals that were typical of a speciic region.
These animals became earthly manifestation of the deity and
thus became sacred. Their appearance and their behaviour
were always understood as a certain omen. It is interesting that
animals that are characterized by strength (bear, bull, lion), or
fertility (bull, deer, frogs...) were chosen, or the appearance of
those animals was linked to a particular time of the year (birds
wild goose/duck the beginning of spring and new fertile
period, the bear winter hibernation, ram fertilization in the
spring).
Looking back on those objects and phenomena belonging to
diferent cultures in such a large area it is clear that the symbolism had its regional variants or varieties within cultural
groups. Sometimes, the symbolism is less recognizable, due
to the mans need to summarize some representations and
symbols over time. However, it seems that the arguments that
might challenge the hypothesis that there was a centre from
which the inluence was spread, either indirectly, or through
direct contact are getting increasingly fewer. It was an ideology, which, as mentioned by J. Cauvin (2000), may be traced
to the Spanish bullighting tauromachia.
Initial stages of the Neolithic belief were characterized by covert and discreetly emphasized symbolism. Bull skulls were initially built into the wall, and then placed on the wall, while the
goddess was present in the form of a few igurines. Seizing
the momentum of the newly established system of life and
thought, the religion was spreading from the northern Levant,
across Anatolia, toward South East Europe. In the seventh millennium, it was already quite clear that this ideology was deeply rooted in Central Anatolia. Every house in Catal Hyk had
a room dedicated to the divine couple the Goddess and her
male companion represented in the form of a bull. They dominated the area and obviously peoples lives. According to the
interpretation of the irst researcher, J.Mellart, it was at this site
in Konya Valley that a male - female principle of symbolism
and connection between the bull and birth, fertility and death,
was irst observed. The male deity was represented as riding a
bull or his symbol bucranium was placed on the walls, while
the goddess appeared on the throne, surrounded by animals
(wild or tame), which were her protectors and subjects at the
same time. In South West Anatolia, in Haclar, the Goddess was
represented in childbirth or with a child in her arms, obviously
symbolizing birth and motherhood.
42 The development of belief was accompanied by emergence
of new rites and rituals, and was relected in the occurrence of
a number of objects with strong symbolism. The igure of the
Goddess was depicted or modelled on vessels, so her power
could be transferred to the contents of the vessel, which obviously was of paramount importance to the community. Based
on the bowls shaped in the form of a deer- another animal
whose symbolism was to expand to the central Balkans - we
can conclude that the libation ritual was introduced to the
cult. In the mid-sixth millennium, at Catal Hyk there was the

object, much like the ritual breads of the Vina culture. Was it
a symbolic sacriice in bread?
When it comes to amulets, based on the inds of these objects
even from the Palaeolithic, we can assume that the man has
always felt the need to protect himself by possessing an object
which he believed that it could have that power. Whether it
was a part of an animal, or a special stone, its power was transferred to the one who carried or wore that object. With the use
of clay, but primarily with the development of religion, amulets
acquired a much wider range of shapes and meanings.
Those symbols, which characterized the following millennia,
surviving in some forms and cults until today, can be tracked
across South East Europe. By following the expansion path, we
can ind answers regarding symbolism of cult objects of the
Neolithic cultures in the area.

early neolithic tradition in

the Central Balkans

The same religious principles expressed in the same symbolism and cult objects were present in the central Balkans in
the Early Neolithic cultures, or the cultural complex Starevo
Krs Cri, where the Vina group was later formed.
Anthropomorphic igurines, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic
and ornitomorphic vessels, vessels with an anthropomorphic
face on the neck, found almost across the entire territory of
Starevo, in their appearance, followed the Middle Eastern
models. The male female principle existed throughout the
period. The female deity represented in the form of igurines
took on local characteristics manifested in detail, but the basic principle remained the same everywhere: it was shaped as
either standing or sitting on the ground. Undoubtedly, each
of these positions/postures should be interpreted as the representation of a particular function that the Goddess had. On
the other hand, representations of the male deity in the form
of a igurine were far less common. It usually appeared as a
bull, or only the head (bucranium) or horns (so-called horns
of consecration) were executed.
In the area of the Krs culture, at several sites, a number of objects were found that some researchers of that culture (KaliczRaczky 1981) interpreted as the earliest examples or predecessors of horns of consecration. N. Kalicz and P. Raczky reported
on the objects with similar characteristics from the area of the
Starevo and Karanovo cultures, arguing that these objects
were evidence of a common ideological background of the
three Neolithic cultures and that they were actually the evidence of genetic links to the remote regions (Kalicz-Raczky
1981). Representing the bull by the horns of consecration, in
the opinion of those authors, gave a new dimension to the
Early Neolithic religious representations, where a woman
played the most important role as the primary symbol of fertility (Kalicz-Raczky 1981).

Origin And Development Of Belief

Some authors interpret the objects of small dimensions, in

the shape reminiscent of a bulls head or its horns, as labrets
(Karmanski 1987). Archaeological excavations of the Neolithic
necropolis in Iran have shown that very similar objects were
actually used as lip pegs, based on the grave inds and damage done to the teeth as a result of wearing them (Vukovi,
2006). However, the context of the inds has led some authors
to classify those items into the objects of utilitarian purposes,
used for counting (Budja 1998).
The most common interpretation of those objects is that they
were cult objects, or horns of consecration, which were supposed to symbolize the principle of male fertility.
According to B. Jovanovi, those amulets are reminiscent of a
very stylized anthropomorphic idea, but can also be marked
as schematised miniature bucraniums (Jovanovi 1968). S.
Stankovi also noticed the tendency to summarize and integrate certain representations and symbols. He believes that all
of these amulets relect the unique idea and probably have
the same application (Stankovi 1992:169). Pointing out that
in certain human societies there is remarkable interdependence between the sacred and the profane, S. Stankovi concludes that over time the man focuses on the main features
of an animal and condenses them into schematic symbols on
the basis of clear principles (ibid: 171).
According to him, for the Neolithic man the bull represented
the centre of all known and unknown powers and as an amulet, it drew all the forces that have increased mans resistance
to evil demons, and provided a better social status after death
(Stankovi, 1992).
For M. Gimbutas, schematic bulls horns represent one of the
basic philosophical ideas of the ancient European religion,
while their numbers suggest that they had a part in a ritual
enacting a myth (Gimbutas, 1989: 93).
B. Jovanovi (1968) concluded that the role of igural sculpture was not, presumably, exhausted with the cult of the Great
Mother adopted long ago, which also raises the issue of the
origin and development of those beliefs.

are globular/tongue-shaped (Table B Type I and II), triangular

(Table B type III), squat (Table B - Type IV) or elongated and
cylindrical (Table B Type V).
As demonstrated by inds from the eponymous site (Table C),
and in particular, from the sites where the earliest horizons
of the Vina culture are present, all types of two-armed amulets appeared from the beginning to the very end of the cultural group. The example of so-called tongue-shaped amulet from the site of Potporanj, Cat. No. 291 (Table I d), with a
lat body and small zoomorphic arms, could point to the transitional phase from the Starevo group to the Vina cultural
group. Another unique and very interesting ind from the site
of Potporanj is an amulet that resembles a stylized head of a
bull (Cat. No. 295/Table VIII). Although clearly reminiscent of
the Starevo forms (Table B Type VI), it is far more massive
than any of the Starevo samples is. While the Starevo amulet of this type has a depression at the top of the back part,
which probably served to embed the amulet in a ixed base,
the Potporanj amulet has horizontal perforation. Its fabric also
points to the earlier phases of the Vina culture. Perhaps it is
one of the irst examples of transformation of Starevo amulets into Vina amulets. Speciic fabric of triangular amulets
from the site of Potporanj, Cat.No. 280, 269, and especially 274
(Table I c), whose shape bears resemblance to the earliest sample from Vina (Table C, No. 2), indicates the possibility that
these forms gradually evolved from the forms of Starevo amulets with tongue-shaped or triangular body. It remains to be
determined whether columnar two-armed amulets mark the
last development stage.
There is also a great similarity between Starevo seated igurines, Venuses, and so-called seated amulets of the Vina culture group (Table B - Type VII). Again, an amulet from Potporanj,
Cat. No. 300 (Table V), with the legs executed in the same way
as with the Starevo Venuses, may provide a possible missing link. Here the legs are kept together in a cone-like manner,
while in later samples from other sites legs are always moulded separately. Perforation shows us that the Potporanj sample
is not the same as the one from Starevo, as it is executed at
an oblique angle, so that the lower opening in the part of the
base is opposite the legs while the upper opening is directly
below the head on the chest. In later samples of seated amulets, perforation is also executed at an oblique angle, but the
upper opening is directly under the head on the back, and the
lower opening is in the middle of the base.

Starevo tradition And its inluence on Since so-called seated amulets typically appeared in the inal
of the Vina culture, the possibility to connect them to
the vina Culture phases
Starevo igurines is questionable. However, as the amulets are
Vina amulets are speciic only to the Late Neolithic /Eneolithic
culture and do not appear independently in other cultures. J.
Makkay was the irst to observe this in 1968 in his discussion
about two-armed and multi-armed items of the Vina culture
(Makkay 1968). Almost two decades later, J. Chapman claimed
the same thing (Chapman 1981: 123).
As for the form of Starevo amulets (Table B), few types can
match later forms of the Vina two-armed amulets. The bodies

not found in other cultural groups, and there are no forms that
would indicate the potential development of this form from 43
Vina igural sculpture, the question arises as to whether amulets were one of the remnants of the Starevo tradition. In
other words, is this a possible proof that the Vina culture came
into existence through the evolution of the Starevo culture?
We can ask the same question when it comes to a multi-armed
object of Type C I / II of the Vina culture. At the site of Tei
near Rekovac (, 1961; , 1986), where the material has been dated to the inal stages of the Starevo culture,

Vina Amulets
and where there is no Vina horizon, the object of almost the
same design as a Vina multi-armed amulet of Type C II (Table
B/VIII ) was found. The ind continues to raise doubts, and the
lack of evidence from other sites of the Starevo inal phases
does not allow us to conirm deinitely the existence of such
items prior to the formation of the Vina culture.
Figure 32

Site Tei
(illustration after 1961)

Starevo amulets in the form of bucranium are neither perforated, nor can any traces of strings or wear-tear marks be
noticed. Since they were not freestanding, it is assumed that
they were placed in leather bags, or may have been bound
with some broad leather straps that could leave marks on the
surface. The Starevo and Vina amulets also difer in decoration. Although there are not many ornamented samples, they
are still present among the Vina amulets, but not among the
Starevo amulets. Unlike the Starevo amulets, Vina amulets
may display arm tips that are sometimes shaped in the form of
animal or bird heads, or anthropomorphic masks like the one
typical of the Vina igurines.
Both Starevo and Vina amulets can be found inside the houses. However, perforations and traces of strings on Vina amulets may point to the possible diferent way of placing the amulet inside the house. It is likely that the cult practices evolved
into a higher and more developed form leading to changes in
the use of ritual objects.

44

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

R e L At i v e C H R o n o L o G Y A n D
DiStRiBUtion oF AMULetS

The majority of the objects presented in this paper are the result of incidental inds, hence some important stratigraphic
data and the context in which they were found are missing.
For that reasons, a number of amulets from the site Belo Brdo
Vina, which are stratigraphically determined, are published
in this paper.1 Despite the fact that most of them have not
been published yet, the amulets from the eponymous Vina
site will be presented only as a benchmark to stratigraphic and
chronological associations of the samples from the territory of
Southern Banat, without any intention to make them the subject of the analyses in this study.2
The chronological association and distribution of the items in
the Vina culture were determined with reference to the material that has been published so far. We especially focus on
the distribution of amulets due to its signiicance relected in
the fact that they are unique to this cultural group. Thus, they
can be used as the material based on which we can track the
established contacts and/or observe the impact of the Vina
culture on other cultures.

Relative Chronology vina Belo Brdo

Eponymous site of Belo Brdo - Vina has been investigated,
with some interruptions, since 1908 until today. It is a remarkable site primarily in that it was inhabited from the beginning
until the end of the Vina culture. For that reason, it is always
taken as a parameter in analyses for the precise dating of inds
from other sites. Only fully processed and published material from this site will provide a more accurate insight into the
daily life of members of the Vina culture and the validity of
such a classiication.
Until now, several periodizations of the Vina culture have
been proposed based on portable material, with several attempts to connect the material to the dwelling horizons at the
eponymous site. Unfortunately, M. Vasis inadequate methodological approach does not allow an accurate recognition
of dwelling horizons or an association between the horizons
and portable material, which has resulted in the continued use
of periodizations based primarily on typological classiication
of materials. The most commonly used are classiications offered by M. Garaanin and V. Miloji (Garaanin, 1979: 149153; 1997: 15-31).

Vina (depth)

M. Garaanin

V. Miloji

Pit house 8.5 m

Vina Tordo I

Vina A

8.5 m 6.6 m

Vina Tordo II
(IIa 8.5-8m; IIb 8-6.6m)

Vina B (up to 7 m)

6.5 m 6 m

Gradac phase

Vina B2

6 m 4.1 m

Vina Plonik I

Vina B2 and C beginning

(above 5 m)

4.1 m 3.48 m

Vina Plonik IIa

Vina C

3.48 m

Vina Plonik IIb

Vina D

1 In addition to the amulets published previously (, 1936), this paper

present 21 samples (Table C) out of 84 amulets from the site Belo Brdo
Vina, taken from the unpublished material excavated by M. Vasi by
1935. Table C shows the selection of 26 previously published amulets
(, 1936a).
The choice was made taking into account the following parameters: the
relative depth and type. In other words, samples of the same type that
are characteristic of each depth containing amulets are presented. If only
one amulet sample is found at a speciic depth, it is given as a type sample for that horizon.
2 On this occasion, I express my gratitude to PhD D. Nikoli for her good
will and help and for allowing me the access to and use of material from
the excavations by M. Vasi at the site of Belo Brdo Vina.

A number of authors have recently raised the issue of the

stratigraphy of the site of Vina again, and made attempts at
ofering a better deinition and more precise recognition of
dwelling horizons, based on new interpretations of the data
provided by M. Vasi. Romanian authors (Draovean, 1996; C.
M. Lazarovici, 2006), referring to the latest archaeological and
radiocarbon analyses, point out that the term Vina Turda
cannot be used for the periods denoting the Vina culture in 45
phases A and B (according to the periodization by V. Miloji).
They believe that the earliest inds from the site of Turda originate from the Late Neolithic, or, in other words, a parallel can
be drawn with the Gradac phase, according to the periodization by M. Garaanin. Given the arguments of Romanian archaeologists, parallels with the material from the site of Turda
should be taken with reservations. However, in this study we
apply the periodization ofered by M. Garaanin, despite the
claims of the Romanian archaeologists and a number of new

Vina Amulets
classiications of the Vina culture. The main reason is that there
is still no comprehensive and reliable analysis of the Vina material, while the periodization by M. Garaanin distinguishes

three phases in the development of the Vina culture that can

be clearly observed in the portable material.

typological And Stratigraphic overview of Finds From the Site of vina Belo Brdo
Table C According to the available data, not all types of amulets found at the sites in South Eastern Banat are represented at the site of
Vina Belo Brdo.

ReLAtive DePtH 8 66 metres / 4 samples

The irst amulet was found at the levels of 6.2 m and 8m (Table C/ig. 1; , 1936a: Fig. 618)/ It is a multi-armed amulet of
C II Type. Two more multi-armed amulets of the same type come from the levels of 6.9 m and 6.8 m (Table C/Fig. 3, 4). One
two-armed amulet was found at the depths between 6.9 6m. It has a lat body, Type A III, with a deeply incised meandroid
motif. The lack of accurate documentation prevents us from determining the exact depth at which the irst two-armed amulet of Vina was unearthed.

46

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

ReLAtive DePtH 65 6 metres / 8 samples

At the levels of 6.5 m and 6.4 m, three very roughly worked anthropomorphic amulets were found (Table C/Fig. 5, 6 and
, 1936: Fig. 619, 620, 621). Another two come from the level of 6 m ( 1936a: Fig. 622, 623). At the depth of 6.2 m,
the only sample of ornitomorphic amulet (Table C/ No. 7) and the irst sample of multi-armed amulets of Type C I (Table C/
No. 8) occurred. At the depth of 6.1 m, an amulet, which is apparently an example of three-armed amulets, was found (Table
C/ No. 9).

47

Vina Amulets
ReLAtive DePtH 6 41 metres / 90 samples
In the Vina Plonik I phase, new types of amulets appeared. Most amulets come from these depths.
At the depth of 5.9 m, a multi-armed amulet of Type C IV appears for the irst time (Table C/ No. 11). So-called cushion-shaped
amulets also appear at these depths: the irst sample at 5.7 m, and the second, which is at the same time the last, at 4.4 m
(Table C/ No. 13 and 19). At the depth of 4.2 m, the only sample of double-headed amulets appears (Panel C/ No. 23). In this
phase, two-armed columnar, triangular and tongue-shaped amulets occur at all depths (Table C/ No. 10, 15, 16, 17, 18 and
20). However, it can be noted that Type A I (columnar) from the depth of 5.9 m (Table C/ No. 10) has the body softly modelled into a rounded shape, while the same type at the depth of 4.9 m (Table C/ No. 17) appears in a variant with an elongated, thin body, and considerably longer and thinner arms. A similar diference can also be noticed in Type A III (triangular),
which occurs at 5.1 m (Table C/ No. 16) and at 4.6 m (Table C/ No. 18), where the body of the former is much more massive,
and the body of the latter takes almost geometric shape. The most common are multi-armed amulets of Type C II and anthropomorphic amulets.

48

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

49

Vina Amulets

ReLAtive DePtH 4 348 metres / 3 samples

In the Vina Plonik IIa phase, there are only two multi-armed amulets of Type C II and one two-armed amulet of Type I all of them at the relative depth of 4 m (Table C/No. 24, 25).

50

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

ReLAtive DePtH of 348 metres / 6 samples

In the Vina Plonik IIb phase, only six samples were noted: one at each depth of 3.4m/3.2m/2.5m and 2.3 m, and two at
the depth of 2.6 m. Those are anthropomorphic, two-armed and multi-armed amulets of Types C I and C II. A so-called seated amulet (Table C/No. 29) occurred for the irst time at the depth of 2.6 m. The last amulet sample was found at the depth
of 2.3 m and it was an example of so-called tongue-shaped two-armed amulets (Table C/No. 30).

51

Vina Amulets

typological Chronological Parallels with Beletinci, Crkvine and uria vinogradi near Obrenovac,
Kormadin near Jakovo (-, 1960; Tasi 1973)
other vina Sites And Distribution and Meuluje near Jablanica ( Vasi, 1902).

The inds from the eponymous site indicate that multi-armed

amulets of type C II and two-armed amulets of type A III appeared among the irst types of amulets in phase Vina - Turda
II. The inds from the sites considered to be the settlements of
the initial Turda phase, such as Aradac, Matejski Brod, Boto,
oka (Garaanin, 1951) and Potporanj (B. Brukner, 1968: 6870), indicate that these types of amulets appeared in the irst
phases of the formation of the Vina culture, and that, in addition to multi-armed amulets of Type C II, Type C I also appeared (so-called Bicske). On the other hand, the settlements
of the second Turda phase, such as Banjica, Crnokalaka Bara,
Zorlen, clearly show that other types of two-armed amulets
also appeared in that period.
Two-armed amulets are the most common type of the Vina
amulets. According to currently available data, they have been
found at 43 Vina sites (Map 1). The highest concentration is
at the sites in the wider Danube and Sava Regions, then the
Morava Region and in South East Banat. The northernmost
inds come from the locations in the vicinity of Bogojevo in
Baka and in the area of the river Tisza in Banat (Matejski Brod,
Aradac, Boto, Stara Sara).3 They also appear in Romania,
where the northernmost samples were found at Turda, while
the highest frequency was noted at the site of Zorlen in
Romanian Banat. At the Iron Gates, their presence has been
noted at the sites of Korbovo Zbradila and Liubcova. The
southernmost sample comes from Kosovo (an incidental ind)
and the westernmost sample from the area of the Sopot group
- the site of Samatovci (. , 1956: 2-38).
Two-armed columnar amulets (A I) are the most common. At the eponymous site, they lay at the depth of
5.4 m (5.9 m) (Table C/No. 10). The earliest examples
of the analogies at other sites come from the sites in
Banat (Romanian and Serbian), and the site of Crnokalaka Bara
in the Morava Region (Tasi Tomi, 1969), where the earlier
horizon is associated with the second Turda phase. Majority
of analogies come from the site in Zorlen in Romanian Banat
(Lazarovici, 1979). Given the general classiication of the sites
of Potporanj and At4, where the number of inds of two-armed
amulets is bigger than anywhere in the Vina culture territory, as well as the fact that the number of Type A I samples is
greater at Potporanj than at At, we are inclined to conclude
that this type of two-armed amulets appeared somewhat earlier than indicated by the inds from the eponymous site. The
latest sample of Type A I at the site of Vina - Belo Brdo comes
52 from the level of 2.6 m (Table C/No. 28). This type of two-armed
amulets is also present at the sites of the latest phase of the
Vina culture in Srem and Northern umadija, such as Obre
3 A sample is in a private collection of J. Bakalov. We would like to thank
the owner for the information given.
4 Most authors believe that Potporanj was inhabited from the earliest stages of the Vina culture and ceased to exist at the end of Vina Plonik
I. When it comes to At, opinions are divided: some authors believe that
it was inhabited in the early Turda phase, while others claim that the
settlement belongs exclusively to the Plonik phase.

Two-armed amulets of Type A II (so-called squat), do

not appear at the site Vina Belo Brdo and are very
rare at other sites. The only analogies are found in the
Romanian Banat, at the site of Zorlen, where they are dated to
the Vina B2 phase (Lazarovici, 1979), and in the area of Vina
- Turda II (7 m 6 m). Characteristically, in Southeast Banat
this type of two-armed amulets only occurs at the sites of
Potporanj, Staro Selo (i.e. Potporanjska granica) and Iberland.
Since these sites (Potporanj and Staro Selo) have been dated,
based on the pottery material, to the early phases of the Vina
culture (Garaanin, 1951: 72), it can be concluded that this type
of amulets can indicate only those phases. Furthermore, its distribution seems very limited - linked only to a narrow area of
Banat (Serbian and Romanian).
The triangular type of two-armed amulets (Type A
III) appears at the eponymous site at the depths between 6.9 m and 6 m (Table C/No. 2).5 The triangular
type of amulets is more frequent at the sites of the later and
inal phases of the Vina culture, such as Jakovo Kormadin
(Tasi, 1973), Jablanica (Vasic, 1902) or Supska (. ,
., 1979) and Selevac (Tringham Stevanovi
1990), where they were recovered from the layers dated to
Vina - Plonik II. However, the oldest ind, judging by the relative-chronological dating of the site, comes from Matejski Brod
(, 2006, ig. 68), the site that has been dated to
the initial Turda phase. Type A III, featuring a softly modelled
body, was found at the site of Zorlen in the layers assigned
to the Vina B2 and B2/C phases (Lazarovici 1979: T/XXII C 1,
2, F 8, 11, 12, 13; T XXI D/8, 9; F/5, 7, 9), and also at the site of
Turda (Vlassa, 1976: ig. 1/1, 4). This form of triangular twoarmed amulets is present at the site of Potporanj, and relying
on the analogies in Romania, those amulets can be associated,
with high probability, with the earlier phases of the Vina culture. The analogies suggest that this type of two-armed amulets occurred from the beginning to the very end of the Vina
culture, with the diferences being manifested, besides fabric,
in the shape and size of the body, to the extent that the amulets from the latest phases took on almost geometrically regular shapes, and their bodies became thinner and smaller.
The so-called tongue-shaped type (A IV) at Vina is
the last type of two-armed amulets. It appears at the
depth of 2.3 m and can be followed from the level
of 4.3 m (Table C/No. 20). Such amulets are found
in the layers dated to the Vina Plonik phase at Banjica
( 1961: T.IV, 3) and, as shown by the
latest analysis, at Turda, then in the inal horizon of Selevac
dated to Vina Plonik IIa, Kormadin, Oraje near Dubravica
(-, 1989-1990: T/LIV, 2) or Laarite, and
at Zorlen in the material dated to phase B2 (Lazarovici, 1979:
T XXI/E/1), or the end of the Vina Turda II phase/ the beginning of the Gradac phase. Based on the inds from Romania,
which have been accurately determined in terms of chronology, the type of tongue-shaped two-armed amulets seems
5 Unfortunately, the exact depth of the finds is not preserved in the
documentation.

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

to have appeared as early as the Vina Turda II phase and

existed until the end of the Vina culture. Tongue-shaped amulets, however, were far more frequently used in the Plonik
phase, which the inds from Potporanj and At conirm. Out of
45 samples, only six are from Potporanj, while as many as 36
are from At. Although the sample from Potporanj, Cat. No. 291,
is reminiscent of the oldest phases of the Vina culture in its
fabric, the lack of stratigraphic data does not allow a reliable
interpretation.
Three-armed amulets (type B) are rare inds (22
sites) occurring mainly with one sample per site in
the Vina area (Map 2). They are most frequent in
South East Banat, where a total of 23 samples have
been found so far. The sites with the inds of three-armed amulets are grouped in the area of South East Banat and along
the Danube River to the conluence of the Sava and Danube
and along the Sava River to abac. There are sporadic inds in
the Morava Region, while the southernmost inds come from
Laarite (Borovi-Dimi, 1995: T IV/8) and Novo Selo (Bubanj).
In Romania, they are present in Transylvania (Turda), Banat
(Zorlen, Uivar, Para) (Lazarovici, 1973: ig. 21/12; Lazarovici,
1979: T.XXI/H-2; Schier-Draovean, 2004) the Iron Gates
(Liubcova), and the site of Samatovci belonging to the Sopot
group, obviously as the result of inluences arising from the
close contact or coexistence with the members of the Vina
culture group. The only sample of three-armed amulets at the
site of Vina lay at the level of 6.1 m (, 1936: ig. 318).
Given the occurrence of this type of amulets at the sites that
belong to the end of the Turda phase and the beginning of
the Gradac phase (Para B2; Lazarovici 1979: T XXI/H/1,2), or
the beginning of the Plonik phase (Zorlen B2/C; Lazarovici,
1979: T XXII/H, 1, 2, 5), but also at the sites of the inal phases
(Kormadin of Jakovo, Meuluje near Jablanica), and in the
light of the fact that they are equally frequent at Potporanj
and At, we may conclude that three-armed amulets were undoubtedly used from the end of the Vina Turda phase and
throughout the initial Vina Plonik II phase. The fabric of
some Potporanj samples reveals similarities to the earlier Vina
phases, but the lack of data does not allow of precise dating.
The most common types of multi-armed amulets are C I and
C II (so-called Bicske and cross-piece), while the others occur very rarely or, at present, have no parallels. Type C I is, less
frequent than Type C II in terms of the number of uncovered
samples, but is present at more sites than the other type of
multi-armed items.
Except in the area of South East Banat, Type C I is
found (Map 3) at the sites along the Danube, including the sites in Baka near Bogojevo Donja
uma, which is assigned to the Vina Plonik I
phase (Karmanski, 1977). Along the Sava River, the westernmost site is Gomolava (Na, 1960). Several inds come from
the site around the Tisza (Matejski Brod, Aradac, oka, Srpski
Krstur) and the Romanian sites in Transylvania (Turda), Banat
(Zorlen) and the Iron Gates (Liubcova). It should be noted that
so far, the only sample of type C I in the wider Morava Valley
region is found at the Crnokalaka bara, in a layer of transition from the earlier to later Vina horizon (Tasi - Tomi,
1969: 70). The researchers noted that the material from that

site corresponded to 7.5 to 4.5 m at Vina, where the irst

horizon belongs to the Vina - Turda II phase, and the second
to the initial Plonik phase. Interestingly, Type C I appears at
a number of sites of the Sopot group, or Sopot Bicske and
Lengyel culture (the sites of Samatovci, Vinkovci Ervenica,
Bicske, Zengovarkony, Lengyel Makkay, 1968). In South East
Banat, it is equally present at Potporanj (3) and At (4), and one
sample comes from the site of Staro selo.
A multi-armed object of type C I (so-called Bicske) was recorded at the site of Vina for the irst time at the depth of 6.1 m
(Table C/No. 8), while the last sample was found at the site of
2.7 m (3.2 m) (Table C /No. 27). It is, however, far less frequent
(six samples) than type C II (52 samples). The sites around the
Tisza6 indicate their presence in the early Turda phase, which
would make them the earliest samples of Type C I. Potporanj
and Staro selo were occupied throughout the Turda phase,
and partly in the Plonik phase (Garaanin, 1951: 76), but the
lack of stratigraphic data prevents us from considering these
sites to be among those with the earliest samples of C I. At
Banjica, a sample was found in dwelling horizon V, assigned to
the end of the Vina Turda phase. The ind from Crnokalaka
bara also belongs to that period. The inds from Zorlen and
Liubcova are associated with the end of the Turda phase or
the Gradac phase and the beginning of the Vina Plonik I
phase. Other sites, according to what we know today, belong
to the Vina Plonik I and Vina Plonik II phases. The latest
samples from the territory of the Vina culture, besides Vina,
were found at Kormadin near Jakovo. Within the Sopot group,
Type C I occurs in the layers associated with the second phase
of the Sopot Lengyel culture (Ervenica, Bogdanovci, Klakar,
Marica Dimitrijevi, 1968). They could occur at the end of the
horizon I b of the Sopot culture, but are indicative and represent one of the most typical forms of level II, while in III, there
are no any of them (Dimitrijevi, 1979: 289). In other words, the
Vina multi-armed objects of Type C I appeared in the Sopot
group at the end of B2, although they were the most typical
of the Vina C phase, or after 5 m to the end of the Vina
Plonik IIa phase. At the site of Bicske, in Hungary, Type C I
was also detected in the layer, which is completely parallel to
the phase II of the Sopot Lengyel culture (Makkay Starnini
Tulok, 1996: 122).
If we accept the relative chronological associations of the sites
in the Tisza Region, then Type C I emerged in the early Turda
phase and continued to appear until the end of the Vina culture. At the eponymous site and the sites in Romania, the irst
occurrences are noted starting from the Gradac phase, while
the largest production of Type C I at Vina is recorded in the
Vina Plonik I phase. After that, in the Vina - Plonik IIb
phase there is only one sample. As for the Vina Plonik I,
they also appear at the other Vina sites, or after 5 m in re- 53
lation to the depths at Vina, at the sites of the neighbouring
Sopot Lengyel and Sopot Bicske group.

6 The sites of Matejski Brod, Aradac, oka. . Garaanin (1951) and B.

Bruckner (1968) argued that these sites, as well as Potporanj, Staro Selo
(Potporanjska granica) and Kanal Mesi belonged to the earliest phases
of the Vina culture.

Vina Amulets
The inds of Type C II (so-called cross-piece) are far
more numerous, but unlike Type C I, have not been
found yet at the sites of the Sopot and Sopot - Bicske
culture (Map 4). It is also far more common in the
Morava Valley region (Selevac, Supska, Crnokalaka Bara),
where only one sample of Type C I has been found so far. In
addition to South East Banat, its presence has been noted at
sites along at the river Danube, including Donja uma near
Bogojevo. Along the Sava, the westernmost site is Jela near
abac, and the northernmost ind comes from oka (Banner,
1960: T/XXXII, ig. 6; T/XXXIII, ig. 8). Not many have been found
in Romania, for the time being we only know about the inds
from the site of Zorlen in Banat and Liubcova at the Iron Gates.
At the same time, Type C II is the most common type of multiarmed items at the site of Vina, where the biggest number of
samples (52) have been found. In South East Banat, Type C II is
also more frequent than Type C I, mainly because of the samples from At (9), and two samples from Carina and Cerovice,
while at Potporanj, Type C II (4) is represented in almost the
same number as Type C I (3).
The irst sample of the eponymous site comes from the depth
of 6.2 m (8 m) (Table C/No. 1), and the last from the level of
2.9 m (3.4 m) (Table C/No. 26). Among the oldest samples are
the inds from the sites of oka (Banner, 1960), Matejski brod
and Aradac (, 1923), assigned to the initial Turda
phase. At the Romanian sites, they sit in the layers dated to
B2, B2/C and C (Lazarovici 1979: T. XXII/B, 13; E, 8.9; T XXI/A-9;
D-2), according to Lazarovici, or to the end of Vina Turda II
and Vina Plonik I and the beginning of the Vina Plonik
II phase. Other sites where the indings of type C II have been
recorded are assigned to the Plonik phases. The inds of this
type, which can be accurately dated to the inal phases of the
Vina culture, come also from the sites of Jakovo Kormadin,
Jablanica Meuluje, Supska and Selevac, where they were
found in the Vina Plonik II layers.
The ind from Tei (Figure 32) is of special importance. There,
in the horizon belonging to the Starevo inal phase, an amulet in the form completely matching our Type C II was found.
However, perforation was not executed through the axis or
vertically, but diagonally at the centre where the arms join.
Therefore, it could be considered a mixture of our types C I
and C II. As this amulet is the only amulet found within Starevo
materials, the ind still raises doubts, considering that there is
no Vina horizon at the site.
As for multi-armed amulets of types C I and C II, one may note
their low frequency at the Romanian sites. According to the
available data, the anchor-shaped type of multi-armed items
prevails in this area of the Vina culture. This type frequently
54 appears at the sites of the Bicske variant, but is poorly represented in the territory of Serbia.
There is only one example of Type C II c, provided
by a sample from At. The analogy has been found
only at the site Brestovik Beli Breg, assigned to the
later phases of the Vina culture (-: 2009: Cat. No. 187).

Type C III is represented by one sample per each site

in Potporanj, Cerovica and At, and a direct analogy
has been established to the sample from the site of
Stara Sara near Zrenjanin7. The closest parallels can
be drawn with the site of Bicske, thanks to the sample that J.
Makkay referred to as C/b (Table 1) (Makkay Starnini Tulok,
1996: 125, Fig.75/1,7).
Type C IV appears at Potporanj and at the site of
Vina, where it was detected at the levels between
5.9 m 5 m (Table C/No. 11). At the site of Zorlen
(Lazarovici, 1979: XXII T/H -12), it sat within in a layer
dated by Lazarovici to the B2/C phase, or the Gradac phase,
the beginning of the Vina Plonik I phase.
The only sample of multi-armed item, with perforation through all the arms type C V, was
found at Potporanj. Similar items have been noted within the Kosovo variant of the Vina culture8
(Bulatovi 2003: Cat. No. 88), as well as at the site
of Zorlen (Lazarovici 1979: T. XXII/D 7), where they were dated to phase B2 and B2/C, according to the periodization by
G.Lazarovici.
Type C VI, with only one sample from At, does not
have any analogue sample yet.

Type C VIIa, which is represented by two samples

from At, was found only at the site of Jablanica (Vasi,
1902: ig. 78, 80, 81, 82). Type C VIIb, with a sample
from At, is the closest to the sample found at the site
of Kormadin (Tasi, 1973: 67, T XXX/110; -, 2009: Cat. No. 198).
The last type, C VIII with two samples from Potporanj,
has no direct analogy.

Anthropomorphic amulets appeared at the site of Vina Belo

Brdo from the level of 6.5 m, roughly worked, without much
detail (Table C/No. 5.6), and the last sample of this type was
found at a depth of 2.5 m (Cat. No. 1890). Finds of anthropomorphic amulets appear only at 18 sites (Map 5) and there are
not many of them. Besides Southeast Banat, anthropomorphic
amulets are found in the broader region of the conluence of
the Sava and Danube, with the westernmost site being on the
bank of the Sava River Jela near abac. The northernmost
or northwest ind of an anthropomorphic amulet with a cruciform body, applied chest and accented breasts was recovered
from the layer assigned to the Vina Plonik I phase at the site
of Donja uma near Bogojevo. Anthropomorphic amulets also
appear at the sites along the Morava River. The southernmost
sample comes from Gradac near Zlokuane (, 1955: ig.
235) and belongs to the Vina inal horizon. In Romania, they
7 A sample is in a private collection of J. Bakalov. We would like to thank
the owner for the information given.
8 This is an incidental ind and we do not know whether it comes from the
site of Fafos or Vala.

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

appear at Turda, Zorlen and Liubcova at the Iron Gates. At the

site of Zorlen, anthropomorphic amulets, very similar to the
Potporanj samples, were found in a layer dated to Vina B2, according to the periodization by G.Lazarovici, or the phase Vina
Turda II/ Gradac phase (7 m 6 m). Thus, there is a possibility that the anthropomorphic amulets occurred earlier than
inds from the eponymous site suggest. Analogous samples
to the amulets from At were unearthed at the site of Supska
(D. Garaanin M. Garaanin 1979: T IX/3) in layer 3, dated to
the Vina Plonik IIa phase.

At the eponymous site, a sample of so-called seated amulet was

unearthed at the depth of 2.6 m during the excavation conducted by M. Vasi (Table C/No. 29), two are inds from recent excavations, but from unknown depth, while the last sample is an
incidental ind. The inds discovered so far indicate the concentration of seated amulets in Southeast Banat, the Morava valley or the wider region of the conluence of the Sava and the
Danube. Since the inal horizons of the Vina culture are present
at those sites, seated amulets can be characterized as a typical
representative of the last phase, Vina Plonik IIa and IIb.

Since anthropomorphic amulets can be compared to

anthropomorphic igurines, it should be noted that
the Vina igurines with a triangular face and a prominent nose occur from 8.5 m to 7.4 m and up to 5.2 m
at the latest (, 1936: ig. 314). The early representation
of the meander motif on the body was noted on a igurine at
the depth of 6.9 m (, 1936a: ig. 160). Judging from the
details, as well as from the overall stylization of the body, the
Potporanj samples could be assigned from the phase Vina
Turda I to the end of the Gradac and the beginning of Vina
Plonik I phase. The At amulets can be compared to the igurines that appeared somewhere after 5 m at Vina (,
1936a), especially after 4.5 m.

The only example of ornitomorphic amulets belongs

to the Gradac phase and comes from the level of 6.2
m at Vina. Such amulets can only be found at the
sites Zorlen and Negrua in Romania, where they
have been dated to Vina B2/C (G. Lazarovici), or to the layers from 6 to 5,5 m, i.e. the beginning of Vina Plonik I. A
very small number of analogies and, on the one hand, and extraordinary number of ornitomorphic amulets in Southeast
Banat, primarily at the site Potporanj, on the other hand, does
not allow of an accurate chronological association (Map 6). At
this point, the oldest ind that has been stratigraphically determined comes from the eponymous site, from the Gradac
phase, while the Romanian inds indicate that it was also used
in the early Vina Plonik I phase. However, the possibility
that they probably occurred earlier should not be rejected.
Moreover, we should not forget that in Southeast Banat they
occurred at the sites where the Turda phase is represented,
such as Potporanj, Kanal Mesi, Staro selo and Cerovica. On the
other hand, despite the large number of amulets, at At, where
according to the previous analyses, the material from Plonik
phase has been registered, there is not a single ornitomorphic
amulet. At the same time, ornitomorphic vessels appeared at
the eponymous site from 8 m (Vasi, 1932: ig. 111), so we
are inclined to conclude that ornitomorphic amulets should
be associated with the Turda phase.

The igurines with the representation of horns appeared in

Vina from the level of 7.8 m (, 1932: p. 17-20, ig. 23-24)
to 4.3 m (4.8 m) (, 1936a: ig. 631).
The analogies for variant B are found at the site of Kormadin
(eper 1951: T. VIII/2), and Agino Brdo near Grocka (Tasi, 1973
T/XLIX, ig.190). Cross-shaped anthropomorphic amulets were
also found at the site of Supska (D. Garaanin M. Garaanin
1979: T. V/5) in layer 2, dated to the Vina Plonik IIa phase.
A very similar amulet comes from the site of Vina, from the
depth of 4.6 m (, 1936a: ig.634).

Cushion-shaped amulets are poorly represented. So

far, those Vina amulets have been registered at seven sites only (Vina, Kormadin, Jablanica, Korbovo,
At and in Romania Turda and Rast). At the eponymous site, two samples were found: one at 5.7 m, the other
at 4.4 m (Table C/No. 13, 19). The other sites in Serbia or the
horizons in which amulets have been found belong to the later or the latest phases of the Vina culture. The site of Rast in
South West Romania belongs to the inal phases of Vina B2
and the beginning of C (Dumitrescu, 1980), while according to
the most recent interpretations, the material from Turda is associated with the phase Vina C (Draovean, 1996). Based on
the analogies, one may draw the conclusion that the cushionSo-called seated amulets are not frequent at the Vina shaped amulets came into use in the early Plonik phase.
sites (Map 6) and for now, they have been noted at 10
55
sites only. The largest number comes from the sites
Amulets shaped as vessels with a spout/handle are
in Southeast Banat (At 10, Cerovica 2, Carina 2,
very speciic and so far, the only known samples
Potporanj 1). They also occur at the sites in the Danube Region
outside Southeast Banat originate from the sites of
(Dubravica - Oraje), the wider region of the conluence of the
Jablanica Meuluje and Jakovo Kormadin (Map
Sava and the Danube (Vina, Jakovo Kormadin), and the north- 6). Most samples come from the site of At (10), with one samern part of the Velika Morava valley (Jablanica Meuluje, ple found at Potporanj. Low frequency, almost exclusively at
Medvednjak and Selevac), where they have been stratigraph- the sites characterized by the inal phases of the Vina culically assigned to the Vina Plonik IIa phase (Selevac - ture, suggests that these objects can be used as a chronologiTringhamStevanovi, 1990: Fig: 10.11. g, Table 10.4 a, d, e).
cal indicator.

Variant D II, or so-called double-headed amulets the

amulets that represent a couple, are found only at the
site of Vina, represented by only one sample at a level of 3.7 m (4.2 m) (Table C/No. 23). In stylization, this
type is similar to the samples from At, while the amulet from
Potporanj has a far more massive, cylindrical body, such as
older samples of two-armed columnar amulets have. Since the
irst double-headed igurines appeared at the eponymous site
at the level of 6.6 m (, 1936a: p. 119, ig. 549), it can be
assumed that the sample of Potporanj belongs to the earlier
Vina periods, or the end of the Turda phase.

Vina Amulets
As for the last group, labelled as other items, a ind from
Potporanj stands out (Cat. No. 255). In its shape, it is very
similar to so-called aryballos (, 1932: p. 69), represented at Vina by several samples from about 6 m (6.2 m; 6.0 m;
5.8 m; 5.4 m), and perhaps used for a short time. All Vina
samples are perforated along no more than 2/3 of the vessels height, unlike our sample, which is perforated along the
entire height.

Graph 5

Other examples are without analogies.

typological Characteristics of Amulets From the Sites

in Southeast Banat And Relative Chronology
As shown by the inds from the site of Vina Belo Brdo and
other sites, where amulets are chronologically and accurately
determined through the stratigraphic context, certain types
are speciic only to particular stages of the Vina culture. The
distribution maps show varied frequencies, comparing both
the regions and individual sites.
The sites of Southeast Banat generally follow this pattern, but
it is best manifested at two major sites Potporanj and At, because of the number of inds collected primarily through ield
surveying and some small-scale research projects undertaken
at these two sites.
Pottery material from the two sites is only roughly chronologically determined, given that a comprehensive analysis of
the material has not started yet. Most authors agree that the
settlement at Potporanj lasted throughout the whole Turda
phase and ceased to exist in the Vina Plonik I phase (O.
, 1960: 230; B. Brukner, 1968: 68; Garaanin, 1951:
76), while D. Srejovi thought that the Potporanj settlement
might have been established even prior to the settlement at
Vina (Srejovi, 1964: 88). Based on the analysis of anthropomorphic igurines, . Joanovi (, 1996; 2002) estimates that the settlement lasted to the phase Vina Plonik
IIa. The analysis of polished stone tools, which is chronologically less sensitive, suggests typological and chronological
parallels with Lepenski Vir I and all the way to the Vina
Plonik II phase (, 2003). A parallel can be drawn between most anthropomorphic igural items from At and the
types that occurred during the Vina Plonik I II period.
There are a small number of samples that could be associated with the Vina Turda phases, or even with the Starevo
culture (, 1996) though. M. Garaanin argued that
56 some samples of igural objects and vessels indicated the earlier Vina-Turda phase, at the depths of 9-8 m, although
the material of the Plonik phase was also present (Garaanin,
1951: 72, 91). Pointing to some special characteristics of the
Vina material, G. Lazarovici assigned the material from At to
the Vina Plonik IIa phase.

Ornitomorphic amulets, typical of the earlier phases of the

Vina culture, appear in a large number at the site Potporanj,
while at the site of At there is not a single sample. On the other
hand, amulets typical of the later stages of the Vina culture,
such as so-called seated, cushion-shaped or shaped as vessels
with a spout/handle, are present in large numbers at At. Only
one sample of seated amulets and one of amulets shaped as
vessels with a spout/handle and not a single cushion-shaped
were detected at Potporanj.

The graphs presenting statistics of the inds from these two sites
also indicate their diferent chronological distinctiveness.

A similar situation is at the sites of Carina and Cerovica, although the number of inds is much smaller there.

Frequency (per cent) of amulet types at Potporanj and At

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

Graph 6

Graph 7

Frequency (per cent) of individual types of two-armed amulets at

the sites of Southeast Banat

Out of the total of 190 samples of two-armed amulets from the

sites of At (109), Potporanj (63), Carina (4), Cerovica (9), olakova
vodenica (1) Iberland (1) and Staro Selo (3), four types have
been distinguished based on the shape of the body. The analysis shows an uneven distribution of speciic types, which can
be observed most objectively at the sites of Potporanj and At,
given the large number of samples there. Thus, the squat twoarmed amulets (A II Table Ib) are present only at Potporanj,
Iberland and Staro Selo, while tongue-shaped amulets (A IV
Table Id) are by far more frequent at At than at Potporanj. As
revealed by the analysis of the eponymous site, Type A IV is
more typical of the later phases of the Vina culture, whereas
Type A II is speciic to the earlier phases, and as pointed out
earlier, to the limited area of Serbian and Romanian Banat. The
columnar type - A I, and triangular type - A III, were present
all the time, but the diferences in the modelling of the body,
which over time took schematic forms, are obvious.

Frequency (per cent) of amulet types at Cerovica and Carina

The presence of ornitomorphic amulets at the site of Cerovica

indicates that the settlement was founded somewhat earlier
than the one at Carina, but given the presence of seated amulets at both sites, we conclude that the life ended at both
of them at about the same time, or by the end of the Vina
Plonik II phase.
It should be noted that due to the number of two-armed amulets, especially at Potporanj and At, some phenomena relating
to the frequency of the individual types of two-armed amulets could be shown.

Three-armed amulets (Type B), which appeared at Vina at

6.1 m, are present in an almost equal number at Potporanj and
At, but the Potporanj samples are remarkably far more massive, while those of At assume a stylized form (Table IIa). The
Vina sample is closer to the Potporanj amulets, although a
few samples with a deeply incised meander may point to the
Turda phase.
When it comes to multi-armed amulets, diferences in their frequency, especially at the two major sites Potporanj and At,
are obvious. Type C I is almost equally present at Potporanj and 57
At, and one sample comes from the site of Staro Selo, which
chronologically matches neighbouring Potporanj. However,
the number of Type C II samples is signiicantly higher at At
(9) than at Potporanj (4), while Carina and Cerovica, where the
Plonik phase has been noted, ofer two samples each. In addition, a number of other multi-armed amulets (Type C IIc, C
VI, C VII) appear at At, but do not appear at Potporanj, and,
at least for the time being, seem rare at the other Vina sites.
The analogy of the type C IIc is found at the site of Brestovik,

Vina Amulets
assigned to the later phases of the Vina culture, while Type VII
has its analogies only at the site of Jablanica. At the same time,
some types are present at Potporanj but not at At (Type C IV,
C V, C VIII), and based on a Vina ind (Table C/No. 11), Type C
IV can be assigned to the horizons between 5.9 5 m more
accurately.

Graph 8

The most frequent types of multi-armed amulets C I and C II,

as we have already noted, started appearing from the Turda
phase and remained in use until the end of the Vina Plonik
II phase. Type C I, widespread in the Danube Region and the
Pannonian Plain, as well as in the neighbouring Sopot/SopotBicske and Lengyel groups, is almost equally distributed between the two sites. At the site of At, all the samples of this
type of multi-armed objects have cylindrical arms and a lattened top, while at Potporanj and Staro Selo there are samples
with conically modelled arms. Unfortunately, due to a lack of
data, we cannot reliably claim at present that the samples with
conically modelled arms may have belonged to somewhat earlier forms - although there are such indications.
When it comes to Type C II, the diferences between earlier
and later samples seem somewhat clearer. Two variants of this
type have been distinguished: Variant - a has three diagonal
arms, Variant - b four. At the site of At, there are both variants,
while at the site of Potporanj only the variant with four arms
appears, along with a sample with ive diagonal arms (Cat. No.
331). The Potporanj samples (Table III) characteristically show
a tendency toward having their bodies shaped in a very stylized anthropomorphic and/or zoomorphic form, while all the
At samples display a very regular geometric shape. The samples analogous to those from Potporanj have not been found
at other sites, but Type C II with ive diagonal arms appeared
at the depth of 6.9 m at Vina (Table C/No. 2). After that only
samples with three or four diagonal arms and an extremely
regular, cylindrical body occur.
Some diferences between anthropomorphic amulets have
also been noticed. The samples from Potporanj display the features characteristic of anthropomorphic igurines of the Turda
phase, while the inds from At have a very lat and stylized
body, typical of the igurines of the Vina inal phases.
Much higher frequency of so-called seated amulets, cushionshaped amulets and amulets shaped as vessels with a spout/
handle at the site of At compared to Potporanj also indicates
the chronological distinctiveness of these two sites.
In an attempt to analyze possible diferences in the prevalence
of individual types of amulets in the speciic Vina regions, we
have drawn an unusual parallel by comparing the inds from
58 the settlement at Vina to the amulets found at the sites across
Southeast Banat. For this statistical analysis, it is important that
both zones ofered material originating from the beginning to
the last phases of the Vina culture.
Their similarities and diferences can point to some speciics
features related to the individual sites, and perhaps to smaller
or larger regional zones. Unfortunately, given the lack of published material, we cannot apply such comparison to the entire territory of the Vina culture at this point.

Frequency (per cent) of individual types of amulets at the site of

Vina Belo Brdo and at sites in Southeast Banat

As the graph clearly shows, the variety of types of amulets is

much wider at the sites in Southeast Banat than at the eponymous site. The analyses have also revealed that only at the
sites of Southeast Banat all types of Vina amulets occur. Multiarmed items, primarily Type C II, are remarkably numerous and
prevail over other perforated items/amulets at the site of Vina
Belo Brdo. They make 50 percent of all the perforated objects
that have been found. After two-armed and multi-armed amulets, the most common amulets at the eponymous site are
anthropomorphic, while the inds of so-called seated, ornitomorphic and cushion-shaped amulets make only 4 percent of
all the reported perforated items.
However, in Southeast Banat, the dominant group of twoarmed amulets makes 56 percent, while multi-armed objects

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

make only 11 percent of the total number of the recovered

amulets. Type C II is also more common than Type C I. Among
the remaining seven types (three-armed, anthropomorphic,
seated, ornitomorphic, cushion-shaped, shaped as vessels and
others), the most common are ornitomorphic and then anthropomorphic amulets, followed in an equal number by so-called
three-armed and seated amulets.

Conclusion
In former analyses of the amulets, authors have presented different views regarding the origin of these items, although most
of them believe that they are typical of the Vina culture after
6 m at Vina. M. Garaanin argued that two-armed and multiarmed igures are typical of the Vina Plonik I phase, and
that their number decreased signiicantly in the inal phases of
the Vina culture (Garaanin, 1951: 61; Garaanin, 1979: 180).
He pointed out that the Vina Plonik II phase was characterized by special kinds of igurines, with a bird face and separated horizontally placed legs, which are a very special and degenerative type of seated statuettes (Garaanin, 1979: 180).
According to N. Tasi, who divided the Vina igural items into
three phases, the latest period of the Vina culture (after the
depth of 4m at Vina), which was the third phase in the development of igural items, was characterized by new phenomena such as abstract and zoo-anthropomorphic igurines, and
a remarkable number of amulets with two protomes or other well-known forms (Tasi, 1973: 23). G.Lazarovici believes
that perforated idols and amulets appeared in phase B of the
Vina culture in Banat (according to the periodization by G.
Lazarovici), or after 7.5 m at Vina (Lazarovici, 1979: 91).
Taking amulets as utilitarian items designed for weaving, J.
Chapman (Chapman, 1981: 123) concludes, based on their distribution, that there were two innovation centres in the early
Vina phase. Those were the Central Morava Valley and the
Valley of the Upper Tami. The earliest form was a igurine without a head, which originated at the eponymous site, but in that
period, other types of amulets, i.e. weights/reels had not been
formed yet at Vina. The earliest forms, in J. Chapmans opinion,
were the simplest Y forms of two-armed amulets and perforated anthropomorphic igurines. More complex types were developed in both zones in the late 5th millennium BC9, primarily
three-armed (necked Y-piece), Type C II (crosspiece) and inally
type C I (Bicske), although this type has not been conirmed in
the Morava Valley and probably originated in the Upper Tami
zone (Chapman, 1981: 124). J. Chapman concludes that in the
4th millennium BC the distribution of two-armed (Y-piece) and
type C I (Bicske) did not coincide, while in the second half of
the millennium, amulets reels, were densely distributed in
the Sava Valley and Northern umadija.
R.Tringham and M.Stevanovi (R. Tringham M. Stevanovi,
1990: 336) agree with this opinion on the purpose of amulets, and, based on the inds from the site of Selevac, conclude
that amulets, or the objects used in the production of textiles,
9 J. Chapman dates Vina to 4500-4240 BC; Vina B to 4240-4100 BC; Vina
C to 4100-3850 BC; Vina D to 3850-3300 BC

appeared at the end of the Turda phase and in the Gradac

phase to become most frequent in the Vina Plonik I/IIa
phase. J. Makkay claims that, given the available data, the earliest sample comes from the territory of Serbia from the Vina
B2 phase, but they keep occurring until the Vina D phase
(Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996: 119).
When it comes to the distribution of amulets, or weaving
weights, J. Chapman and J. Makkay share the same opinion.
These items are unique to the Vina culture, but speciic forms
also appear in the Sopot-Bicske variant and in the Lengyel culture (Chapman, 1981: 124; Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996:
119).
Certain types of amulets are speciic to individual phases of
the Vinca culture development. Such conclusion is based on
the inds from the site Vina Belo Brdo and other sites where
stratigraphic context allows for relative-chronological determination of amulets. At present, the accurate chronological determination of the Vina amulets is impossible due to the small
number of the amulets (found and/or published) that have
been recovered at the sites with a reliable stratigraphy. On the
other hand, a remarkable number and so far the greatest diversity of the types of amulets from the region of Southern Banat
allow for the possibility that certain types of amulets began
to be used earlier than noted at the eponymous or other sites
with reliable chronological determinants.
The inds from the eponymous site point to the irst occurrence
of amulets, or a multi-armed object of type C II (crosspiece), at
the depth of 8 m. Their presence at the sites of Potporanj,
Matejski brod, oka, Aradac the sites of the earliest phases of
the Vina culture - is in favour of this dating. The ind from the
Starevo culture site of Tei, near Rekovac, opens up the possibility of looking for the outset of occurrence of these types
of items in the late Starevo culture. The number and types of
amulets increase after the depth of 7 meters at Vina, but the
highest production is noted during the Vina Plonik I phase.
At the eponymous site, two-armed amulets (type A Y- piece)
appear from the depth of 6.9 meters. They are also present
at other sites in the layers of the late Turda phase (Zorlen,
Banjica, Crnokalaka bara). Two-armed amulets are the most
numerous and the most widespread type of the Vina amulets (Map 3). They appear at the sites of the initial phases
Potporanj, Staro Selo, Matejski brod and Aradac. However, in
spite of some indications, the lack of a reliable stratigraphy and
dating prevents us from connecting them also with the earliest phases of the Vina culture.
From the depth of 6.5 m, anthropomorphic amulets are also
present (type D Map 5), although the inds from Potporanj
indicate slightly older features of igural items, which may sug- 59
gest their occurrence from the inal Turda phase. Type C I of
multi-armed amulets (Bicske) irst appears at the depth of
6.1 m (Table C/No. 8) at Vina, but its presence at the sites of the
initial Turda phase Potporanj, Staro Selo, Aradac, Matejski
brod and oka, points to an early occurrence. It is characteristically frequent in the northern area of the Vina culture, and
present in a large number at the sites of the Sopot and SopotBicske group and the Lengyel culture (Map 3). The only sample south of the Danube was found at Crnokalaka bara. Type

Vina Amulets
C II (crosspiece) at the eponymous site appears at the depth
of 8 m (Table C/No. 1), and the occurrence of that type of
amulets in the Turda phase earliest stages is corroborated by
the inds from oka, Matejski brod and Aradac. As J. Chapman
and J. Makkay argued, Type C II has not been found outside the
Vina culture, and is very rare in the Romanian territory. In addition, unlike Type C I, Type C II is far more common south of
the Sava and Danube Rivers. Both types are present until the
end of the Vina culture.
Nevertheless, the diversity and frequency of types at the eponymous site are not the indicators to be used for the entire territory of the Vina culture. Ornitomorphic amulets, a feature of
the earlier Vina phase, appear in a large number at Potporanj,
but with only one sample at Vina, at the depth of 6.2 m.
Another sample comes from the site Zorlen in Romanian
Banat, which has been dated to phase B2/C (Lazarovici 1979:
T/XXII, 7, 8). For the time being, analogies provide for a reliable classiication of ornitomorphic amulets into the Gradac
phase. However, given the presence of ornitomorphic amulets at Potporanj in large number, as well as their presence at
the neighbouring sites of the early Vina phase Staro Selo,
Kanal Mesi and Cerovica, and taking into account that the ornitomorphic vessels appear from the depth of 8 m at Vina,
we are inclined to conclude that these amulets should be associated with the Turda phase. Three-armed amulets, which
at the type site appear at the depth of 6.1 m, are also rare
and analogies indicate their presence in the Gradac phase.
However, some samples from Potporanj, in both their fabric
and a deeply incised meandroid ornament, open up the possibility of somewhat earlier occurrence.
The small number of amulets found, as presently believed, in
the Vina Plonik II phase at the eponymous site does not
relect the situation in the whole territory either. Those characteristic of the latest stage so-called seated amulets (represented by only a few samples), occurring from the depth of
2.6 m, and amulets shaped as vessels with a spout/handle,
not registered at Vina, appear in a signiicant number at the
site of At, and another two sites of the inal phases Kormadin
and Meuluje, near Jablanica. So-called cushion-shaped amulets are the fewest, so far registered at seven sites only (Vina,
Kormadin, Jablanica, Korbovo, At, and in Romania Turda and
Rast). At the eponymous site, two samples were found: one at
the depth of 5.7 m, the other at 4.4 m (Table C/No. 13,
19), but the inds from the sites mentioned above conirm their
occurrence in the Vina - Plonik I phase, and their presence in
the Vina - Plonik II phase.
The current state of research suggests that amulets are not
evenly distributed throughout the whole territory of the Vina
60 culture, either across the regions or among the individual sites.
The distinction is clearly marked both in the quantity the total number of samples and the variations in the frequency of
individual types.
The most common and most numerous are two-armed amulets (Map 1 43 sites). They are found along the Danube, from
Oltenia (Rast), through the Iron Gates (Liubcova, Zbradila),
Eastern Serbia (Oraje), Southeast Banat, around the conluence of the Sava and the Danube and along the Sava River

with the westernmost site of Jela near abac. In the northeast of the Vina culture territory, the only ind known so far
comes from the site of Bogojevo Donja uma, on the bank
of the Danube. They appear in great number at the sites in the
Morava Region, and the southernmost sample comes from
Gradac near Zlokuane and from Metohija (Fafos or Vala
an incidental ind). To the northeast, in Romanian Banat and
Transylvania, we ind them at Zorlen and Turda. In Central
Banat, two-armed amulets have been noted at several sites
(Matejski brod, Aradac, Stara Sara, Boto). At present, the only
sample of the two-armed amulet found outside the territory
of the Vina culture comes from the site Samatovci in Slavonia.
A very small number of amulets have been registered in the
north and south of the Vina territory, while no data about amulets in its western part are presently available. Looking at the
map of the distribution of two-armed amulets, one may notice several zones, higher concentrations of sites with the inds
of this type. These zones are: Central Banat around Zrenjanin
(Map 1/No. 36-38), Southeast Banat (Map 1/No. 1-7), the wider region of the conluence of the Sava and the Danube (Map
1/No. 10-20), the zone around the lower course of the Velika
Morava (Map 1/No. 22-27), and the area around the conluence
of the two Moravas (Map 1/No. 29-31). Currently, the lack of
published material prevents us from establishing the existence
of speciic regional zones with certainty, although the available data suggest such a conclusion.
Type C II is characterized by the similar distribution (Map 4), although, except for the eponymous site, the samples are far fewer than the samples of two-armed amulets. Thus, the number
of the sites where Type C II appears is twice the smaller (22). In
Vojvodina, three-armed (Map 2) and anthropomorphic amulets (Map 5) characteristically appear only in Southeast Banat.
The exceptions are a few sites along the Sava River in Srem and
the ind of anthropomorphic amulets at the site Bogojevo
Donja uma in Baka. In Romania, three-armed amulets are
more common than anthropomorphic. Outside the territory of
the Vina culture, one specimen of three-armed amulets was
found again at the site of Samatovci in Slavonia.
Type C I of multi-armed amulets is speciic in that it occurs at
the sites north of the Sava and the Danube, with only one exception being the site of Crnokalaka bara, near Kruevac (Map
3). At the same time, Type C I is very frequent in the territory of
Sopot, Sopot-Bicske and Lengyel group.
The amulets of the Vina inal phases, i.e. seated amulets and
amulets shaped as vessels with a spout/handle, have a distinctive distribution, as their presence has been noted within a
very small area. In terms of the number of samples, they dominate in Southeast Banat, and also occur in the close vicinity
of that region, on the other side of the Danube River (the site
of Dubravica Oraje). Besides Vina, several samples of seated amulets were found in Kormadin, Meuluje, Selevac and
Medvednjak, while amulets shaped as a vessel with a spout/
handle, apart from At and Potporanj, appear only at Kormadin
and Jablanica. As those amulets are typical of the inal phases of the Vina culture, it seems appropriate to conclude that
these areas were the last enclaves. Looking at the distribution
map of two-armed amulets and the areas with the highest
concentration of the sites with such inds, one may see that

Relative Chronology And Distribution Of Amulets

the last enclaves lie right in the three largest zones: Southeast
Banat, the conluence of the Sava and the Danube and the
lower course of the Velika Morava.

amulets - as a cult or utilitarian objects. In other words, might

we talk about certain religious centres or about settlements
that were the major economic centres in the region?

The distribution of multi-armed amulets of Type C I and C II is

especially important both for the relative chronological dating
and for gaining an insight into the course of penetration and
spreading of the inluence of the Vina culture. At the eponymous site, Type C I appeared for the irst time from the depth
of 6.1 m, and Type C II from the depth of 8 m, with both
types extending to end of the Vina culture. These two types of
multi-armed items appeared concurrently in the settlements
of the earliest Turda phase Aradac, Matejski brod and oka10.
After that, the settlements ceased to exist (from the Vina
Turda II phase). But starting from the Gradac stage Types C I
and C II occurred at Vina and Crnokalaka Bara, as well as at
the Romanian sites of Zorlen and Liubcova, starting from the
B2 phase (according to the periodization by G. Lazarovici, the
depth of 7 6 m). Besides these sites, in the Plonik phase,
they concurrently appeared at Kormadin, Oraje, At and Donja
uma, near Bogojevo, and at the Sopot group site of Samatovci
Map 7). This is the only site outside the territory of the Vina
group at which Types C I and C II were not only concurrent but
were also found together.

This also raises the question whether the occurrence of speciic

types of amulets typical of individual phases may indicate the
directions of spreading or the last zone and the end of the
Vina culture, especially taking into account that these items
are unique to that Central Balkan culture. Multi-armed amulets of Types C I and C II are a case in point. Their concurrent
occurrence at the sites in Central Banat, in the earliest Turda
phase, indicates a primary direction of expansion by members
of the Vina culture. Then, we ind them at Potporanj, where,
unfortunately, no reliable stratigraphic indicators of their concurrence can be established, and then at Zorlen, Vina and
Crnokalaka bara.

Except for these sites, Types C I and C II have a diferent distribution: Type C I is present north of the Sava and the Danube,
whereas Type C II is prevalent south of that zone. Thus, the
zones in which both types occur simultaneously should be
considered the primary zones of inluence, or the zones in
which there were major centres from which the inluence
spread. In the area around the conluence of the Sava and the
Danube - it was Vina; in Southeast Banat Potporanj, and
when it ended- At; in Baka- it was Bogojevo-Donja uma; and
in the Morava Region Crnokalaka bara (based on the available data). In Romania, it was the site of Zorlen.
This is also conirmed by the highest concentration of amulets, which, based on the available data (Map 7), extends
across Southeast Banat - with the main sites of Potporanj and
At, the wider region of the conluence of the Sava and the
Danube - with the largest number of amulets at Vina, and
then at Kormadin, and in Romanian Banat - with the site of
Zorlen. In the Morava Region, amulets are best represented at Selevac, Medvednjak and Crnokalaka bara, while their
number decreases at the sites along the Sava and the Tisza
and in Southwest Baka with the main site of Donja uma,
Bogojevo, being dominated by multi-armed amulets. The earliest samples of amulets have been found in Banat (Aradac,
oka, Matejski brod, Potporanj, Kanal Mesi, Staro Selo), at the
eponymous site, and in the Morava Region (Tei?, Crnokalaka
bara).
A possible explanation of such a situation would be that they
belong to diferent periods of the Vina culture development.
However, it is evident that considerable diferences in frequency of amulets equally appear between the sites of the same
period, so the question arises as to how to interpret the Vina
10 The site of Potporanj also belongs to the earliest horizon, but the lack
of stratigraphic data does not allow classifying this site among those at
which Types C I and C II occur simultaneously.

The sites from the Plonik phases that lay in the primary northern zone took over the use of both C types of amulets. Outside
the zone to the north, only Type C I and only in the Vina C
phase is present. This is most noticeable in contact with the
neighbouring groups, i.e. Sopot and Sopot-Bicske, where Type
C I was massively present in the Vina C phase, and then disappeared from portable material. On the other hand, Type C II
remained dominant in the area south of the Danube, so it can
be concluded that the primary northern zone in the Plonik
phase was in closer contact with the northern territories. At
the same time, south of the Danube Region, in the Plonik
phase, diferent characteristics clearly distinguishing this area
from the northern area could be observed in the rest of portable material. Although the basic characteristics of the Vina
culture were still preserved, thus indicating ethnic uniqueness,
south of the Danube Region, the inluences from some other
regions in the south and east started growing.
As already pointed out, so-called seated amulets and amulets
shaped as vessels with a spout/ handle, chronologically limited to the inal phases of the Vina culture, may indicate the
last zones of that culture.

61

Vina Amulets

PA R A L L e L S t o t H e
n e i G H B o U R i n G L At e n e o L i t H i C
C U Lt U R A L G R o U P S
Due to its central position in the Balkan peninsula, and the
fact that their territory provided the shortest passage from
the southeast to central Europe, representatives of the Vina
culture made contacts with their neighbours and, directly or
indirectly, with distant cultural groups.
Establishment of trade ties and development of good relations
between the neighbours were conditioned by the abundance
or shortage of natural resources. Thus, objects originated in
some other cultural or ethnical circle are sometimes found
among the portable material in the Vina culture settlements,
and at the same time objects originated within the Vina group
are found beyond its territory, conirming the eternal human
need for the exchange of goods in order to ensure a more
comfortable existence.
However, cult objects mirror the cultural and ethnic identity of
a speciic group, so that their occurrence outside the territory of
their origin indicates coexistence. It is achieved either through
migration of a part of the population or by exogamy.
Given uniqueness of Vina amulets (two-armed and multiarmed perforated items in the irst place) to that Neolithic
group, their occurrence may point to the established contacts. At the same time, we should not forget that during the
Neolithic the same symbolism, relected on the numerous cult
objects in various forms, appeared across the vast area from
the Middle East to the Central Balkans. It indicates not only
the existence of one centre, but also the powerful inluence of
those ideas expressed in these symbols, which were accepted
by diferent cultural / ethnic groups. Thus, certain resemblance
between cult objects can be noticed both in distant areas of
Anatolia and much closer regions of the Balkan peninsula.
For the time being, the oldest ind of two-armed amulets is
found at the site of Mezkvesd in northeast Hungary, within
the Satmar group. A specimen of an idol with the cylindrical
body and two arms was discovered in a house, within the layer
dated on C14 analysis to the period between 5600 and 5500
BC, or to the period parallel to the inal phases of the Starevo
Krs Cri cultural complex and the early phases of the
Vina culture (Kalicz-Koos, 1997). That object looks very much
like Vina two-armed amulets, but is diferent in perforation,
which in the case of the Hungarian specimen was executed
62 horizontally through the tips of both arms.
As for the idol with horns (Figure 33a), N. Kalicz and J. Koos
suggest that horns are characteristic symbols appearing from
the Krs to Herply cultural groups. Cult sculpture is represented to an unusually large extent at this site, if compared, as
Hungarian archaeologist stress, to only a few such specimens
found so far in the territory of the group. In addition to these
two objects, free standing anthropomorphic igurines have
also been discovered, along with animal igures with human
heads which, as the authors say, resemble Vina centaurs.

Figure 33

a.

b.
A ind of the cult object from Mezkvesd, Satmar group
(borrowed from Kalicz-Koos, 1997)

Both anthropomorphic igurines and centaurs are decorated

with incised ornaments patterned as mendroid or parallel zigzag lines. No explanation for the occurrence of these objects
in the area of the Satmar group has been ofered yet.
Based on the available data, except for the specimen from
Mezkvesd, objects like two-armed amulets of the Vina
group are not found beyond the territory of the Vina group.
In the north and northeast border zones of the Vina culture
amulet inds were uncovered at the sites where due to certain reasons the other party, i.e. a neighbouring cultural group,
took over the territory.
This is the case of the sites in North Banat, such as Matejski
Brod and oka, where the Vina and Tisza culture alternate.
At the site of Hodoni in Romania, within a layer with the Tisza
culture, an import of the Vina potery was noted. The pottery
belonged to the phase matching the depth of 6 m to 5.4 m at
the site of Vina (Draovean, Teicu, Muntean, 1996: Pl. X-XI) and
contained two-armed and multi-armed amulets.
In the territory of the Sopot group, Vina amulets are found
among the material of that Slavonian group. Two-armed, treearmed and multi-armed Vina amulets, together with the amulets in the shape of aryballos, are present at the settlement
of Samatovci (-, 1956). The small number of
the amulets could indicate the ties established through exogamy rather than coexistence of larger groups of the Vina
and Sopot population. On the other hand, many multi-armed
items of C I type (Table A) (Dimitrijevi, 1968), occurring in the
layers assigned to the second phase of Sopot Lengyel culture, are found across the Sopot sites (Ervenica, Bogdanovci,
Klakar, Marica). They could appear toward the end of Ib horizon of the Sopot culture, but they are indicative of and "represent one of the most typical II level shapes", while in III there
are no any left (Dimitrijevi, 1979: 289). In other words, Vina
multi-armed objects of C I type occurred in the Sopot group
toward the end of B2, although they are most typical of Vina
C phase, i.e. Vina-Plonik IIa.
As multi-armed objects are objects of utilitarian purpose, one
may assume that good neighbourly relations may have been
established in a certain period of their coexistence. The question as to why the use of those objects ended in phase III of the
Sopot culture remains unanswered for the time being.

Parallels To The Neighbouring Late Neolithic Cultural Groups

A remarkably high number of such items being contemporary

to the inds in Slavonia were found at the site of Bicske the
Bicske-Sopot cultural group (Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996).
In Hungary, fewer specimens were unearthed also at the sites
of Aszd (northeast Hungary, the early and classic phase of
the Lengyel culture), S (the early Lengyel phase), Szekszrd
(the late Lengyel phase), Lengyel, Zengovarkony, Esztergom,
Poroszlo and Satoraljaujhely) (Makkay 1968, Makkay Starnini
Tulok, 1996).
According to the researchers of Bicske site, the objects of C I
type were adopted during Vina C phase, as a result of the established contacts, by representatives of the Sopot-Bicske culture and then inherited by representatives of the Lengyel culture (Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996). The distribution of those
objects is limited to the Vina and Sopot- Bicske culture, but
some examples also appear sporadically in the Lengyel culture
(Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996). J. Makkay emphasizes that
from the irst analyses of those objects (Makkay, 1968) until
now, the territory of their distribution has not changed, only
"the sites with inds have become denser" (Makkay Starnini
Tulok, 1996). In his opinion, C I type should only be connected
with the stated territory and period. The occurrence of those
objects indicates two things: the Sopot-Bicske culture had its
root partly in the Vina culture, and the Lengyel culture originated from its local predecessor the Sopot Bicske culture
(Makkay Starnini Tulok, 1996). The researchers of Bicske
site believe that it was an object for everyday use, given the
number of the uncovered examples, although the excavation
itself did not reveal any data that could shed light to its purpose with more accuracy. One of the assumed functions follows the opinion of J. Chapman (1981) that it was a weigh for
the vertical loom.
Figure 34

Bulgarian authors call them cross-shaped idols (M,

1994; Terzijska-Ignatova, 2004). V. Macanova argues that until now such objects have been found at the sites within the
cultural complexes of Kodadermen Gumelnica KaranovoSalkuca Bubanj (M, 1994). At the site of Jonacite
() in the western part of Upper Thrace lowlands, as
many as 66 such objects have been found in the horizon dating back from phase III of the late Halcolite age of Bulgaria.
Their dimensions / arm span vary from 3.5 cm to 8 cm, but
those with 6 cm in diameter prevail (an example from At has
the diameter of 5 cm). Each sample has an aperture in the middle, while some of them have another slanted aperture.
V. Macanova interpreted those samples as representations
of birds, precisely the eagle. S. Terzijska Ignatova (2004)
shares her opinion arguing that the hole in the middle may
have served for hanging them, most likely in the house. In her
opinion, corroborated through an experiment, the birds could
ly keeping balance, and since the lower surfaces of the bird
body were worked in a more meticulous manner than the upper ones, the conclusion is that it was done for the purpose of
looking at them from below.
Figurines of birds were also found at that site. They resemble
to a high extent the sample found at the site of Vina (,
1936: Fig. 615) with an extension in the shape of a small pedestal looking like a reel in the middle of the lower side (the
birds stomach). Perforation was executed at an angle, through
the back towards the front part of the chest. Since standing
bird igurines were free standing thanks to the pedestal, S.
Terzijska Ignatova raises doubts about the existence of perforation as to whether it had a speciic role, or the same principle as with other bird idols was simply applied.
Figure 35

a.

b.

a. Site of Jonacite, (M, 1994)

b. Cucuteni Phase A3, site of Frmuica (Gibutas, 1987)

Cross-shaped idols,
site of Jonacite
(Terzijska-Ignatova, 2004)

East of the Vina territory in Bulgaria, objects similar to C IV

type have been found. The main features are the same: a crossshaped body, made up of four arms with perforation in the
centre where they join together. With Bulgarian specimens,
sometimes stylized protomes, in the shape of anthropomorphic or ornitomorphic heads appear on one or all arms.

She claims that igurines and rattles similar in shape were found
within the Cucuteni Trypole culture (Terzijska-Ignatova 2004:
385). Free standing bird igurines, like cross-shaped ones, were
mostly found in houses or in dwelling zones. The contemporaneous occurrence of cross-shaped birds typical of the Krivodol
Salkuca Bubanj complex and more realistic, standing birds
from the Kodzadermen Gumenlica Karanovo VI complex
proves once again, in Terzijska-Ignatovas opinion, that there 63
was mutual inluence, especially present at the sites such as
Jonacite lying in the contact zone of the two cultural circles.
In the Cucuteni Trypole culture (Phase A3) (Gibutas, 1987),
like in the Lengyel (Gimbutas, 1991) culture and Karanovo VI
(M, 1994; Terzijska-Ignatova, 2004), ornitomorphic
igurines / amulets are characterized by a small reel-like foot,
and a body that is somewhat diferent in shape from bodies
of Vina amulets.

Vina Amulets

F i n A L C o n S i D e R At i o n S

Recent research has conirmed that Neolithic cultural groups

cannot be considered isolated from each other since the mutual inluence was as equally present and signiicant then as it
was in later historic periods. That inluence certainly was not
limited to transfer of new technology and raw materials only,
but it undoubtedly implied spreading of new ideas relating
to spiritual life.
The Neolithic religion and their symbols came to existence
along with the new ways of production, and J. Cauvin (2000)
thinks that the new way of providing subsistence was based
on spreading of the new ideas and the ways of thinking.
Considering each culture separately, one will notice in portable material not only the same forms, but also the same size and
proportions, the same ornaments and the same way of execution. Some norms must have been there, accepted and strictly
adhered to, regardless of the distance that may have measured
in hundreds of kilometres, because they carried the idea of a
speciic faith, moral principles and a speciic cultural identity.
Material remains indicate that the idea/ideology spread from
the Middle East across Asia Minor to the central Balkans. Ritual
vessels, igural sculpture, ornaments, repeats the same symbolism the female deity, bull, bird (duck, owl), domestic animals (dog, ram, billy goat), meander motif, spiral. A speciic
idea, deined or represented through speciic symbolism, underlay forms of each ritual vessel, igurine, altar or ornament.
Distribution of the same symbols points to the existence of
a centre of those ideas, which was being transferred from a
great distance. As the primary centre was more distant, the
idea - symbol expressed in a speciic object or shape got a
more stylized form or a form coloured by the character of the
speciic culture group.
As for the objects of cult, this distinctive feature of the Vina
culture is clearly mirrored in amulets unique to that late
Neolithic group. In addition to relecting speciic characteristics of the spiritual culture of the Vina group representatives,
with its uniqueness, distribution and relative-chronological assignment, amulets also indicate the routes of occupation and
spreading of inluence. In spite of this, their symbols have a
clear Neolithic character, making the Vina culture an integral
part of a widely spread ideology.
The analyses have shown that among small, perforated objects of unknown function, with traces of strings the speci64 mens that were cult objects can be distinguished from those
that had an exclusively utilitarian function.
The irst group contains two-armed amulets (Type A), threearmed amulets (Type B), anthropomorphic amulets (Type D),
ornitomorphic amulets (Type F), seated amulets (Type E) and
amulets in the form of vessels with spouts/handles (Type H).
Their symbolism, decoration with incision which, in the Vina
culture, is the exclusive feature of the objects with the cult function, paint and the absence of clearly determined dimensions

that may indicate the utilitarian purpose, provides the ground

for characterizing those objects as cult objects. On the other
hand, most multi-armed amulets (Type C) should be considered utilitarian objects, most probably reels. This is indicated
by the existence of certain principles in workmanship with
respect to dimensions, distinctively functional design of the
objects shape and the absence of incised ornaments. The fact
that we still do not have a clear understanding as to how they
might have been used results from a lack of data relating to
the context of the inds. Their state of preservation, as well as
marks left by strings, prompt the conclusion that they were not
disposable items, but were used over a longer period. A few
data regarding the ind context provide the ground for considering them household objects. With respect to amulets, the
way they were tied, their shape and size, all indicate that most
items were tied to a kind of a pedestal, with the holder being
ixed or mobile, most probably made of wood. The specimens
that are very small in size open the possibility to assume that
some of them might have been personal belongings.
Multi-armed reels were also found inside the houses. However,
remarkable diferences in frequency of these utilitarian objects indicate that either they were linked to a speciic activity,
which was not performed equally across all the Vina sites, or
they were made of wood, so that evidence of their existence
has gone. Given the phenomena relating to the rest of small
inds of the Vina culture, we are inclined to accept the irst
explanation as more likely.
It remains unclear, for the time being, what caused such a great
number and variety of amulets in the Vina culture. Although
speciic to the Vina culture, amulets are characterized by
widely accepted symbolism, not in the form of a female igure though, as is the case of anthropomorphic igural objects.
The most frequent representations displayed on Vina amulets are horns of consecration, i.e. the bull, which leads us
to search for the model in the tradition of the earlier period,
among speciic amulets of the Starevo culture and the early
phase of the Karanovo group. The development of amulets in
the Vina group seems to have been marked by certain evolution in such a way that a symbiosis of horns of consecration/
bull, the female igure and zoomorphic or ornitomorphic representation in the form of so-called two-armed amulets (Type
A) was created. The highest frequency of those amulets certainly reveals the power and scope of protection they provided and their early presence from the irst to the last phase
of the Vina culture.
During the long Turda phase, anthropomorphic, three-armed
and ornitomorphic amulets appeared. Unlike anthropomorphic igurines/deities, which are most likely to have been used
in rituals, anthropomorphic amulets had an apotropaic role.
Ornitomorphic amulets (F I) were made as more or less stylized
representations of birds, their shape primarily associating the
duck. Their symbolisms can only be connected to igural sculpture, where the head of an anthropomorphic deity was shaped
in the same way. Some seated amulets have ornitomorphic
heads, and arm tips of some examples of two-armed amulets were shaped in the form of ornitomorphic protomes. This
leads us to the conclusion that the duck was one of the important attributes or personiication of the deity represented by

Final Considerations

anthropomorphic igurines, and bird amulets actually served

to stress that purpose. The question as to whether that bird can
be interpreted as a symbol of the renewal of nature or the beginning of a new fertility cycle or the messenger of the souls
of the dead remains unanswered. Ornitomorphic amulets are
characteristic of the earlier phases of the Vina culture, while
seated amulets are present in their inal phases. The main difference between ornitomorphic and so-called seated amulets
seems to be the time of their use, but their meaning is not necessarily diferent. The occurrence of seated amulets at the very
end of the Vina culture is especially intriguing. Their shape
associates Starevo Venuses, perhaps indicating the need for
return to the old tradition, relecting the time when entirely
new ideas and ideology emerged.
Amulets made in the shape of vessels are specially worthy of
attention: three-armed (Type B) with the shape of an amphora and /or aryiballos (Type I), ornitomorphic (Type F II)
with the shape of an ornitomorphic vessel, and amulets in the
shape of vessels with a spout/handle (Type H). Certainly, this
points to how important those vessels, or their content or ritual they were used for were in the life of the Vina culture representatives. One of the assumptions is that some sort of oil
may have been kept in amphorae, vessels with a spout /handle and so-called aryballos, or even that vessels with a spout
were actually oil lamps.
The small number of so-called cushion-like amulets does not
allow us to claim for the time being that they were really cult
objects. Perhaps, their small number actually conirms this,
but on the other hand there is the possibility which cannot
be proved either due to the lack of clear wear-tear marks- that
they were utilitarian objects.
Not only that production and use of amulets relect the religious beliefs of the members of the Vina cultural group, but
their presence may also indicate a general course of events
throughout the Vina culture. The statistic quantitative

frequency analysis of cult objects at the site of Vina Belo

Brdo, as shown in Graph 9, may give an indication of their frequency at the most Vina sites1. Subsequent analyses will show
the accuracy of these results in the whole territory of the Vina
culture.
Three phases in the occurrence and use of those cult objects
can be distinguished because of their peculiarities: Gradac
based on a small number of cult objects compared to the previous and subsequent phases; Vina Plonik I given the
highest frequency of all the periods, and the inal phase given the smallest number of cult objects.
In Vina Turda I and II phases, the number of altars, prosopomorph lids, anthropomorphic igurines and miniature
vessels seems to have remained constant. Although by now
the function of these objects has not been precisely deined
(as to whether altars are sacriice altars or lamps; whether prosopomorph lids were connected to a speciic type of vessels
in which some special kind of food was stored; whether igurines were linked to a speciic ritual or they were the symbol of
the household deity; whether miniature vessels had a sacred
or profane character), one would say that in that period there
were no important events that may have initiated changes in
the way religious beliefs were expressed. Minor changes can
be observed in Vina Turda II phase with respect to amulets,
the number of which doubled, and the occurrence of ritual
breads. Given the protective and personal character of amulets connected to an individual or a household, one may assume that after the phase when settlements were established,
a period of stability started in which more attention was directed to personal afairs of the dwellers. The occurrence of ritual
breads apparently supports the hypothesis about the regular
rituals connected with everyday life.
1 Except for amulets and ritual breads, being the result of the analyses conducted by the author of this study, the data relating to other
items are borrowed from S. Stankovi (. 1986). The
results shown in the graph should be taken with reservations that
statistic analyses normaly impose.

Graph 9

65

Quantitative frequency of cult objects at the site of Vina Belo Brdo

Vina Amulets
However, Gradac phase brought changes. Although all categories of cult objects were still present, their number reduced
to almost a half. On the one hand, there were half as many altars, prosopomorph lids and igurines as in the previous phase,
while on the other hand the number of miniature vessels and
amulets even increased to a certain extent. Were speciic rituals less practiced?

of the late Neolithic in central Balkans reveals that obsidian

from Vina and from the sites in southeast Banat came from
the Carpathian deposits in present- day Slovakia and Hungary
(Tripkovi Mili, 2009). The most important salt deposits are
those in Gornja Tuzla and Transylvania (Chapman, 2001). Apart
from eastern Serbia, important copper deposits and mines are
in the Romanian Carpathians.

In the period of intensive production that followed, the use

of those cult objects became more common, so that it can
be argued that Vina Plonik I represented the climax of expression of religious beliefs. The number of prosopomorph
lids decreased signiicantly, which indicates changes in beliefs and/or customs, but at the same time the number of amulets increased sharply. Here, it should be pointed out that
multi-armed reels make the highest percentage of amulets
at the eponym site (Graph 8 Type C II). If left out, the frequency of amulets in percentage in relation to other objects
somewhat decreases, but the fact that it was the early Plonik
phase when the protective objects appeared in the greatest
number remains.

The most quantities of obsidian in the territory of the Vina culture came from Potporanj, and then Vina. The possession of
those large quantities of that extraordinary valuable raw material, brought from a great distance, undoubtedly points to
the importance of those settlements as the main trade centres.
The distribution map, which includes the regions outside the
territory of the Vina culture, makes it clear that the inds from
the sites along the Tisza such as oka, Matejski Brod, Aradac
and Boto may indicate the occurrence of amulets in the early phases of the Vina culture. In southeast Banat, small inds
from Potporanj, Staro selo and Kanal Mesi suggest that those
settlements may have been founded also in the irst wave of
occupation. In that irst phase of the emergence of the Vina
culture two-armed amulets (type A) appeared. In the same
phase, at the same sites, which means along the same route
from southeast to central Banat, multi-armed amulets reels
were present (Type CI and CII). From southeast Banat, around
the edges of that time marsh, through central Banat, the route
ran along the Tisza toward the Slovakian obsidian mines. In
the foothills of the Carpathians, at the north-eastern region of
Hungary, at the site of Mezkvesd within the Satmar group, a
sample of an idol that looked like a Vina two-armed amulets
was found in a house. Among other cult material a lat object
was found. It was oval in shape, with slightly protuberant upper side decorated with angular mendroid lines, and resembled ritual bread of the Vina culture to a great extent. C14
analysis dated it back between 5600 and 5500 BC, i.e. to the period parallel to the inal phases of Starevo-Keres Cri cultural
complex and the early phases of the Vina culture (Kalicz-Koos,
1997). The analyses of the obsidian from the site of Vina Belo
Brdo, shows that the largest quantity of that raw material was
found in the earliest layers of the settlement (Tripkovi Mili,
2009), so that the route along the Tisza must have been of paramount importance. The reasons of the oldest Vina deposits
along that route could be possibly explained by that fact. As
early as in Turda phase, the demand for obsidian decreased
leading to gradual disappearance of the settlements along the
Tisza. During Turda phase the settlements in northern and
central Banat (oka, Matejski Brod, Ardac) were not occupied
by representatives of the Vina culture any more. The characteristics of two-armed and multi-armed amulets from the site
of Stara Sara near Zrenjanin indicate the presence of the Vina
culture in its later phases. However, that is the northernmost
site in present-day Vojvodina, where amulets appeared after
Turda phase, so that the zone may be considered the border
area with the Tisza culture.

Given their apotropaic character, the conclusion can be drawn

that the population may have felt more endangered and consequently looked for extra protection. The later historic eras
have shown that stronger religious feelings among population
often accompany the periods of general crisis. At the eponym
site, the inds from Vina Plonik II a-b phase indicate a dramatic decrease in the number of all kinds of cult objects, as
well as complete abandonment of the use of prosopomorph
lids and ritual breads. However, altars (although extremely
rare), igurines, miniature vessels and amulets continued to
be used, which set the task for future research to establish
whether there had been a sudden discontinuity in the tradition after Vina Plonik phase I so that only objects most
closely associated with personal expression of religious beliefs remained in use.
Vina amulets (except multi-armed Type C) are objects of cult.
Therefore, the diferent frequency of those objects across the
territory of the Vina culture inevitably points to diferent approaches to the expression of religious beliefs. Obviously,
there are zones where no amulet has been found or just a
few of them have been found. This is what we see in the west,
east and in the most northern territory of the Vina culture,
where a lack of other cult objects only conirms this observation. On the other hand, there are zones with sites with many
inds of cult items and amulets. In terms of these parameters,
the most important regions lie around the conluence of the
Sava and the Danube and in southeast Banat, followed by the
zones with sites in central Banat, northern umadija, which
66 means around the lower stream of the Great Morava, and the
zone where the two Moravas merge. If we accept the opinion
that has been justiied through history until the modern age
that the most important industrial and economic centres are
the most important cultural centres where religious beliefs
are most explicitly expressed then, those zones in the territory of the Vina culture have to be considered the main economic and cultural-religious centres. Thus, those settlements
must have lay at the cross-roads of the main trade routes. The
most recent research into the raw materials used in economy

From the east, up the Danube valley, the oldest ind of amulets, i.e. multi-armed reel (Type C II), was uncovered somewhat later at Vina ( 8 m), and in the second Turda phase at
Banjica (Type C I). The situation at eponym site suggests that it
may have come to existence a little bit later during the phase
of primary occupation and that, as in other sites south of the

Final Considerations

Sava and the Danube, Type C II was the irst to be accepted.

Somewhat later, Type C I was accepted probably under the
inluence of the primary zone, but that type at Vina occurred
far less frequently. The secondary extension took the southward direction, which is indicated by the occurrence of Types
C I and C II at Crnokalaka bara. Given the dating of the settlement back to the second Turda phase, the site seems likely to have been exposed to a strong inluence of the primary zone to the extent that it can be considered an important
centre of the south Vina territory. The other direction of the
secondary extension was toward the Romanian Carpathians,
as the presence of C I and C II from B2 phase (G. Lazarovicis
periodization, 7 m at Vina) at Zorlenc and Liubcova demonstrates. The route to Zorlence certainly ran from southeast
Banat, which is indicated by many analogies to amulet samples
from Potporanj. From central Banat, along the Begej, the route
reached Transylvania. The sites with inds of amulets such as
Uivar, Para and Turda were located along the route.
All other inds, both Type C I in the north and Type C II in the
south of the Vina territory, belong to the Plonik horizons.
The inds of C I type were discovered along the Danube in
the territory of the Sopot and Sopot Bicske group, sporadically from Vina-Plonik I phase, but as typical and in a great
number from Vina-Plonik II. An extraordinary great number
was found at the site of Bicske in present-day Transdanubia,
while at some other sites they were found only sporadically.
This suggests that during Plonik phase the Danube may have
become the main communication route. The fact that twoarmed and three-armed amulets can be found only at the site
of Samatovci as individual inds do not conirm the coexistence of the representatives of the Sopot and Vina groups, but
can rather indicate exogamy. On the other hand, the inds of
multi-armed reel of C I type, due to their great number, especially at the site of Bicske, could indicate the inluence resulting from the contact or migration of a part of the Vina population. J. Makkay argues, pointing to multi-armed items, that
the Sopot-Bicske group had its origin in the Vina group, while
the Legyiel group developed from the Sopot-Bika group.
Therefore, the origin of the Sopot and Sopot-Bicske group
might be explained by migration of the representatives of the
Vina group to new territories up the river Danube and their
mixing with indigenous population. Obviously, they migrated
in small groups that, as the time passed, lost their cultural and
ethnic identity.
At the eponym site, Vina-Plonik I is the phase with which the
greatest number of inds can be associated, with multi-armed
amulets of C II type dominating among them. Undoubtedly,
this was the climax of the Vina culture, the climax of its cultural and technological development, which was mirrored
in the frequency of amulets and multi-armed objects / reels,
that appeared in new, technologically more advanced forms.
After that, like all other subsequent cultures, it fell into a decline. In the last phases the territory of the Vina culture shrank,
which was relected in amulets. Their number grew signiicantly smaller; they got almost schematized forms and became
smaller in size. Seated amulets and amulets in the shape of a
vessel with a spout/handle appeared. In the last phase they are
represented only in enclaves
enclaves in the broad area of the conluence of the Sava and the Danube and in southeast Banat.

Those enclaves emerged not far from the former largest and
most important economic and cultural centres Potporanj
and Vina.
In Plonik phase, technology of copper exploitation and
processing reached a higher level, which is shown by the
inds from Plonik. Obsidian was losing its importance and
Potporanj, which obviously had been the most important
obsidian trade centre, and based on some data the centre of
production/distribution of stone and lint tools, slowly faded
away. On the other hand, Vina with its trade in salt and cinnabar continued to exist almost until the inal stages of the
Vina culture. We can only wonder whether increasing social
diferentiation in this wealthy and extraordinary advanced culture eventually led to its collapse. The fact that in the periphery of its territory in ethnically mixed zones in the subsequent period a number of groups were formed, with a completely diferent cultural perception but still relecting Vina
inluence, could point to such explanation of the causes for
its disappearance.
The Vina culture was extraordinary rich in cult objects, which
indicates not only developed forms of spiritual life, but also
deep religious beliefs and the importance of the faith for their
representatives in their everyday life. Each house had its sacred space, its sacred objects used in rituals that were important for ensuring the familys existence. Rare inds of zoomorphic, ornitomorphic and anthropomorphic vessels, used in libation rituals, perhaps can indicate that such rites were not
performed in every house but were practiced at the community level, where it is possible that an appointed individual may
have performed that very act.
As for the later phases of the Vina culture development, the
inds from the site of Jakovo Kormadin and Para enable us
to conclude that special cult-related structures already existed
then. However, amulet inds from Kormadin show that amulets
were used both within structures for everyday use and those
special structures used for cult and ritual purposes.
String marks, i.e. the way strings could be tied, and the size of
amulets indicate that they were either hung or tied to a specific place inside the house, which must have had a special significance. Thus, they were protective devices of a household or,
perhaps, even a speciic space, with only a few of them being
used for personal protection as something worn all the time.
Although amulets are a group of cult objects that can be characterized as secondary in relation to anthropomorphic igurines and sacriice altars, due to its uniqueness they provide
precise outlines of the cultural identity of those who wore or
used them. Furthermore, along with the presence of other 67
cult objects and valuable raw materials, their distribution and
quantity in some regions and settlements of the Vina culture
demonstrate that in the Late Neolithic social and cultural differentiation of the population had already taken place.

Vina Amulets

S iteS

Site of At (Westrand)1

Location:
It lies on the northern edge of the city of Vrac, on the foot of Vrake planine
(Vrsac hills). The site is spacious, conirmed over the area of approximately 16 hectares (Joanovi, 1991)2. It is located on a loess ridge surrounded by alluvial depressions - Veliki and Mali Rit
Research history:
1888 The irst inds were uncovered during the construction of the Central
Canal
In the 1970s the irst rescue and trench excavation was conducted in the area
of 200 square metres. The presence of the Starevo and Vina group was deined,
along with some artefacts from the Upper Palaeolithic, Eneolithic, Middle Bronze
Age, Earlier and Later Iron Age and Sarmathian material (-, 1978).
The area covered by the site has been extensively used for agriculture, and between
the two world wars, it was used as a vineyard which resulted in layers being signiicantly disturbed.
Dating:
. Joanovi Vina-Plonik I-IIa, Vina-Plonik IIb (Joanovi 1986; Joanovi 1989; Joanovi 1996). The analysis of anthropomorphic igurines reveal the dominance of those artefacts from Vina-Plonik I-II period, although there are a small number of
specimens that can be associated with Vina-Turda, even with the Staevo culture (, 1996).
M. Garaanin Vina-Turda, at the depths between 9 and 8 metres, but the material from Plonik phase is also present
(Garaanin, 1951: 72, 91).
G. Lazarovici Vina Plonik IIa. He argues that in the area of Banat a special facies of this Late Neolithic culture was formed
(Lazarovici, 1979: 137). Lazarovici points to the material from At and Kovin as the examples of that special cultural style in the
Serbian part of Banat.
The most of At material has never been published. Some material is kept in Vrac Museum, while signiicant quantities of the
material are kept in private collections.

Site of the Mesi Canal

Location:
Along the eastern side of the road to Timisoara and the side opposite the former marsh, across from At, on the northern fringes of the present city (Milleker, 1906; Joanovi, 1978: 24).
Research history:
1903 during works on regulating the course of the Mesi, F. Milleker inspected the area and collected very rich material.
1954 a lake was made, which resulted in destruction of the site.
No excavation has ever been conducted at the site, but based on the small material the conclusion has been made that a settlement existed in the Early Neolithic (Starevo), Late Neolithic (Vina) and Eneolithic (ernavoda III culture) along with a necropolis in the Bronze Age (-, 1978: 24).
Dating:
M. Garaanin thought that the settlement had been occupied from the early Turda phase (Garaanin, 1951: 73).

68
1 F. Millekers documentation, although meticulously kept, sometimes does not state the precise location of the sites, since it relied on the benchmarks
that are not known or present anymore. It is still ambiguous whether the sites of At and Westrand are the same site, because, according to the documentation, they lie on the same northern side of the city, i.e. in the same zone. In the older Serbian archaeological literature, both names occasionally occur referring to two sites. Based on a detailed insight into the documentation and material, S. Jovanovi concluded that there was only one site,
so since the 1970s that site has been named only At, although doubts regarding the name of Westrand have not been completely dismissed. Namely,
in the book registering the entry of the museum material, the inds from At are registered as the inds recovered during the construction of the Lugoj
railways. The items discovered during the construction of the Canal are registered under the site of Westrand. In my opinion, F. Milleker denoted by the
name west sidea part of the site of At that he had noted along the west bank of the Grand Canal, stretching toward Vatin. Given a very small distance
between these two locations, it is certain that it is the same site on the northern edge of the city, on the southwest ridge, stretching toward Vatin and
the Romanian border.
2 The next excavation in the same zone took place in 1984 with the aim to determine the stratigraphy of the Palaeolithic inds at this site.

Sites of SE Banat

Site of Kremenjak, Potporanj

Location:
In the village of Potporanj, 15 kilometres south of Vrac. It has been determined that the former settlement lay along the eastern edge of the present village,
stretching eastward to the Vrac Bela Crkva railway. The Danube Tisza Danube
Canal (DTD) cuts through the site and a major part of the site was destroyed by
its construction. The site is believed to expand over 100 hectares, while the depth
of the cultural layer varies from 2.5 to 3.4 metres, which makes it one of the largest Vina settlements in the Danube basin (O., 1960: 230; J, 1982;
Chapman, 1981).
Research history:
1882 The site was noted by F. Milleker following hydrological work in the area.
1899 The irst excavation by F. Milleker (-, 1978). By excavating
and ield surveying and some gifts he managed to collect rich and extraordinary
material of the Vina culture (Milleker, 1938).
1957 Protective archaeological excavation due to the DTD construction3. The existence of above-ground, rectangular houses over the area covering 16 square meters
was determined, with the remains indicating that the settlement must have been destroyed in ire (O., 1960: 230).
2011-2012 . the beginning of systematic investigation of the site
Dating:
O. Brukner Vina-Turda phase (., 1960: 230)
B. Brukner stressed the existence of three dwelling horizons, the irst of which belonging to the beginning of the Turda phase,
the second to the later Turda phase and the third to the beginning of the Plonik phase (B. Brukner, 1968: 68).
M. Garaanin Vina-Turda and partly the Plonik phase (Garaanin, 1951: 76).
. Joanovi The analysis of anthropomorphic igurines revealed their occurrence starting from the Vina-Turda I phase to the
Vina-Plonik IIa phase (, 2002). The analysis of burnished stone tools, which is chronologically less sensitive, indicated typological and chronological parallels to the Lepenski Vir I all the way to the Vina-Plonik II phase (, 2003).
D. Srejovi thought that the settlement at Potporanj might have been established earlier than the settlement at Vina (Srejovi,
1964: 88).

Site of Potporanjska granica (Staro selo)

Location:
The site known as Potporanjska granica or Staro selo lies northeast of the village of Potporanj, in its close vicinity
(Milleker, 1938: 119; -, 1978:27). It stretches along the former ield road to Potporanj, on the right bank of
the Krivaja River, and on a knoll between the railway to Bela Crkva and the DTD Canal. The site is believed to cover an area of
approximately 6 hectares (-, 1978:27).
Research history:
1914 F. Milleker irst conducted small-scale excavation and then continued to survey the ield throughout several years, which
enabled him to collect signiicant material indicating the existence of a Vina group settlement4.
Dating:
M. Garaanin the earliest period of the Turda phase (Garaanin, 1951: 73).
69

The existing ield documentation, kept in the Vrac City Museum, indicated that four trenches were opened in 1957. Trench II was opened along the
invert axes, while Trenches III V were west and southwest of the present canal. On average 10 excavated layers, with the mean depth of 20 -25 cm,
were removed up to the depth of 2,4m. The whole material belonged to the Vina culture, with sporadic inds of Starevo material.

4 The Scythian grave uncovered in the Neolithic settlement was denoted as a Neolithic grave with charcoal.

Vina Amulets

Site of Cerovica

Location:
In 1976, a new Vina site Cerovica was discovered south of Potporanj, on
the left bank of the Kara (the municipality of Bela Crkva), in the southern section
of the area of Banatska Subotica, in the close vicinity of eko Selo on a slope next
to the Fabijan potok (Joanovi, 1976). It is estimated that the Vina settlement covered an area of 3 hectares (Madas, 2001: 6).

Research history:
1976-77 and 20085 - By ield surveying rich archaeological material was collected
from the surface (Joanovi, 1976; -, 1978: 18).
Dating:
. Joanovi Pottery inds indicate that a settlement was established in the early
phases of the Vina culture ((Joanovi, 1976; idem 1992). Many fragments of ceramic vessels clearly display the characteristics of secondary iring, most probably
in the ire that destroyed the settlement (Madas, 2001: 6).
The material from the site is kept in private collections and the Vrac Museum and has never been published.

Site of iberland

Location:
Southward from Cerovica, along the left bank of the Kara, there is the village of Jasenovo and the site of Iberland. The site
lies east of the village, its boundary being the road and the Vrac Bela Crkva railway, extending to the bank of the Kara.
Research history:
1952 noted during ield survey, when Vina culture material was collected (-, 1978:32). The material has
not been published yet.

Site of Carina

Location:
The Carina area lies south of the village of Crvena Crkva, on the boundary of the Vraev Gaj area. On the eastern side,
the site reaches to a depression above which the area of Kraljica stretches, while on the north side it borders the Bara area. The
settlement in Carina is estimated to have covered the area of 8 hectares, so that it can be considered a large and spacious prehistoric settlement founded in the northern section of spacious Vraev Gaj valley (Madas, 2001: 21).

Research history:
1971 Surface material was collected by the history teacher Ozren Radosavljevi6 (-, 1978: 46).
1973 By checking the surface of the earth in the ield, a number of pottery fragments of the Starevo and Vina culture were
noted. Besides that, in the same area fragments of Sarmathyan vessels were also found, and at the easternmost corner a mediaeval necropolis detected.
The material is kept at the Vrac Museum and has not been published yet. Some pieces of that material is still to be found in a
private collection (-, 1978: 46).

70

5 In 2008 ield survey was conducted by the Vrac Museum curators I. Pantovi and D. Jovanovi
6 O. Radosavljevi collected rich material, a part of which he donated to the Vrac City Museum . The remaining part is still kept in his private collection.
The material donated by O. Radosavljevi to the Vrac City Museum is registered as the Collection of O. Radosavljevi.

Sites of SE Banat

Site of olakova vodenica

Location:
It lies 3 km east of Kovin, on the elevated area of the old bank of the Danube

River.

Research history:
1895 the irst inds were discovered and the connection with a Neolithic settlement was determined (Milleker, 1897; 1897a; -, 1978: 33).
A settlement with hearths from the Neolithic period was noted, along with a
number of whole or fragmented stone tools. In addition to Neolithic material, a
necropolis with encrusted pottery urns. The major part of that material has found
its way to private collections.
1950 during investigation in ield, Vina and Bronze Age material was noted on
the surface. It is now kept in the Vrac Museum (-, 1978: 33). The
material has not been published yet.

71

Vina Amulets

72

Table 2
Percentage of fragmentation

Statistical Analyses
two-armed A i / 68 pieces
Site Cat. No.
A

CAR
CER

V
P

SS

11
12
20
24
33
45
68
73
79
80
81
83
84
96
97
101
104
105
108
113
118
119
121
122
123
124
125
128
138
172
178
182
184
186
187
189
190
197
202
205
206
209
210
212
215
217
218
221
222
225
229
230
231
233
234
236
252
276
287
288
290
302
320
321
322
332
333
339

W/g H/cm
35,36
134,35
25,31
26,28
31,42
41,87
62,18
66,56
49,26
76,66
56,03
34,19
34,16
77,75
60,70
36,78
47,36
56,51
34,42
13,03
95,74
39,81
30,47
34,64
38,57
48,69
38,02
10,93
32,32

73,45
37,34

56,92
87,69
68,96
53,07
40,94
69,3
111,05
58,96
113,42
44,31
47,96
193,13
114,84
101,35
36,70
20,27
174,10
18,87
65,87
26,18
56,24
50,68
45,04
99,66
19,87
14,46
87,39
87,93
22,17
30,60

4,6
8,0
3,8
4,2
4,6
4,4
6,0
5,6
4,9
6,3
6,3
5,3
5,2
8,5
6,3
4,5
5,0
5,2
4,9
3,7
6,5
5,7
4,0
5,3
5,3
4,8
4,5
3,7
3,3
5,3
3,4
8,3
5,2
6,5
5,7
5,8
6,0
4,2
5,9
7,5
7,2
5,5
5,7
5,8
7,3
6,3
7,0
5,0
4,9
9,4
7,1
6,6
4,9
4,4
7,6
3,0
6,1
4,1
4,3
5,6
5,2
6,3
4,0
6,1
6,9
3,7
5,0

Preserv.
100%
80%
90%
75%
63%
90%
95%
97%
97%
50%
97%
95%
90%
90%
80%
97%
80%
47%
100%
95%
100%
100%
90%
85%
100%
80%
85%
90%
70%
90%
90%
50%
85%
95%
90%
100%
100%
100%
90%
75%
50%
80%
80%
100%
80%
100%
100%
100%
45%
85%
85%
85%
85%
85%
85%
45%
95%
100%
45%
70%
40%
70%
20%
35%
70%
97%
75%
50%

two-armed A ii / 9 pieces
Site Cat. No.
I
P

203
207
206
232
240
253
283
334
343

W/g H/cm
57,53
56,36
30,96
27,73
101,99
21,57
23,51
43,90

4,1
4,8
4,7
4,1
4,7
7,0
4,3
3,6
4,2

Preserv.
90%
100%
100%
75%
50%
50%
50%
95%
65%

two-armed A iii / 64 pieces

Site Cat. No.
A

two-armed A iv / 44 pieces
Site Cat. No.
AT

CAR
CER
P

7
10
17
18
19
21
22
23
25
35
42
43
54
55
56
57
58
59
71
75
78
82
85
87
92
93
94
99
102
127
129
130
132
133
134
169
170
198
211
235
291
303
313
335

A
P
CAR
CER
I
KM
SS
V

W/g H/cm
87,01
50,39
21,40
59,12
30,09
20,08
27,34
14,42
42,02
3,90
26,49
32,60
14,43
35,64
27,35
46,74
19,38
16,39
76,04
55,10
48,28
35,58
39,41
32,48
31,29
16,09
13,85
42,73
32,13
101,08
43,93
12,29
16,28
24,12
44,32
38,11
19,39
40,59
44,71
65,94
47,85
65,17
14,43

6,9
5,1
5,0
5,6
5,1
5,8
4,6
3,5
4,8
2,5
5,1
5,2
3,6
5,0
4,5
5,4
4,8
4,2
6,0
5,5
5,6
4,8
4,8
5,1
4,6
4,3
3,5
6,2
4,9
7,3
4,5
3,8
4,0
4,2
5,3
5,5
3,8
5,3
6,5
4,7
5,7
5,2
9,2
4,2

Preserv.
100%
100%
95%
90%
90%
50%
80%
95%
100%
95%
95%
70%
95%
95%
75%
95%
95%
95%
90%
88%
95%
95%
100%
95%
100%
100%
100%
50%
100%
95%
80%
90%
85%
90%
85%
100%
100%
97%
80%
85%
95%
60%
50%
97%

AT
POTPORANJ
CARINA
CEROVICA
IBERLAND
KANAL MESI
STARO SELO
OLAKOVA VODENICA

CER
P

8
9
13
14
16
34
38
39
40
44
49
50
69
70
72
74
76
77
86
88
89
90
91
95
98
100
103
106
107
109
110
111
114
115
116
117
120
126
131
135
136
195
213
214
216
219
220
223
224
226
227
228
241
269
273
274
279
280
282
284
301
317
318

W/g H/cm

Preserv.

79,35
54,25
29,87
46,16
31,61
13,03
33,80
37,25
31,84
41,79
14,22
27,81
54,27
61,42
70,06
99,18
38,06
52,21
28,85
27,43
14,72
35,34
52,60
56,74
52,22
35,77
34,85
37,23
27,04
32,78
14,26
43,81
23,95
11,44
24,19
23,72
28,8
44,27
24,85
38,20
34,09
28,37

100%
100%
100%
80%
95%
100%
75%
100%
90%
90%
50%
85%
95%
95%
50%
100%
97%
50%
90%
90%
85%
70%
80%
97%
80%
95%
85%
100%
95%
100%
100%
95%
97%
97%
100%
90%
100%
100%
85%
85%
85%
85%
100%
100%
80%
80%
45%
100%
95%
97%
100%
100%
80%
25%
90%
100%
100%
50%
85%
25%
65%
50%
65%
50%

72,05
45,15
71,03
88,28
42,06
73,64
39,90
108,34
75,53
118,20
20,03
139,15
77,33
122,36
37,08
130,69
58,96
14,69
48,51
38,06

6,4
5,6
4,6
5,9
4,6
3,3
4,3
5,0
4,8
4,7
3,4
5,0
5,5
5,8
5,3
6,4
5,6
5,7
5,2
4,0
3,7
5,2
6,0
5,5
5,6
4,9
5,0
5,1
4,8
4,3
3,4
5,0
4,4
3,2
3,8
4,4
5,2
5,0
4,2
4,0
4,5
4,2
5,4
5,9
5,3
5,7
7,0
4,9
5,0
4,3
6,6
5,6
7,0
7,6
6,0
7,4
5,8
7,6
6,1
3,6
3,1
4,2
6,4

73

Table 3
Dimensions and percentage of fragmentation

Vina Amulets
three-armed B / 21 pieces
Site Cat. No.
A

CAR
CER

V
P

46
48
51
66
142
162
173
174
192
194
200
201
257
258
261
264
275
281
286
304
305

W/g H/cm
17,97
95,84
50,60
115,72
90,16
41,88

38,98
51,53
131,17
38,51
82,80
124,20
189,34
58,23
46,88
111,99
131,07

3,9
6,0
4,3
7,1
5,2
4,6
4,3
4,8
4,9
7,0
4,4
5,2
7,1
4,8
4,2
5,9
8,2
5,6
4,7
5,8
5,6

Preserv.
100%
100%
85%
97%
85%
95%
95%
97%
85%
100%
55%
100%
90%
90%
90%
100%
95%
45%
30%
60%
75%

multi-armed C / 38 pieces
Site Cat. No.
A

CAR
CER

74

SS

1
30
31
47
52
60
61
62
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
161
163
175
179
181
191
193
243
244
249
254
260
262
263
271
272
278
330
331
336
341

W/g H/cm
163,08
29,56
36,67
27,58
23,75
11,96
41,01
14,35
70,01
83,66
40,16
43,30
38,33
64,59
67,23
36,42
43,99
70,46
16,49

19,49

144,87
85,08
37,55
49,54
108,12
35,65
57,92
14,36
48,26
126,67
139,26
135,68
21,34
9,52

8,9
5,0
5,0
4,7
4,1
3,0
4,8
4,0
5,5
4,3
4,0
4,7
4,3
5,4
5,8
4,2
4,6
5,1
3,1
3,4
5,6
4,2
5,3
4,8
7,3
6,4
4,1
4,0
6,7
4,9
6,7
3,8
4,1
6,4
6,3
6,3
4,1

Preserv.
97%
85%
80%
85%
85%
50%
90%
30%
90%
100%
97%
100%
100%
100%
97%
85%
70%
97%
80%
85%
90%
25%
90%
45%
97%
97%
90%
75%
80%
65%
75%
75%
100%
90%
90%
97%
50%
50%

anthropomorphic D / 20 pieces
Site Cat. No.
A

CAR
CER
P

SS

32
36
37
164
165
166
167
168
171
183
238
239
265
266
267
268
270
277
324
342

ornithomorphic F / 28 pieces

W/g H/cm

Preserv.

Site Cat. No.

35,03
42,77
31,99
50,75
48,36
24,25
16,40
19,02

80%
80%
95%
90%
90%
75%
70%
80%
100%
35%
40%
25%
90%
90%
70%
97%
85%
95%
80%
70%

CER
KM
P

29,82
53,67
46,35
75,36
70,57
73,69
127,89
113,17
56,55
128,82
16,72

4,5
5,5
5,2
5,3
5,4
4,0
3,9
4,2
6,0
4,9
5,2
3,8
4,5
5,8
6,3
8,5
6,3
5,3
8,1
4,1

seated/zoo e / 16 pieces
Site Cat. No.
A

CAR
CER
P

2
3
4
5
6
26
53
63
139
140
141
176
177
188
196
300

W/g H/cm

Preserv.

23,17
37,86
17,19
46,34
23,15
61,88
43,89
19,57
49,27
46,21
22,14

95%
100%
97%
100%
100%
95%
100%
95%
100%
90%
85%
100%
100%
80%
97%
95%

113,50

3,8
5,9
4,4
5,1
4,4
5,8
5,6
5,2
4,8
3,2
6,8
5,3
3,5
5,7
7,0

180
204
242
245
246
250
251
294
296
297
298
299
307
308
309
310
311
312
314
315
316
325
326
327
328
329
338
306

Site Cat. No.

A

4,7
3,1
3,6
5,6
4,6
5,2
3,8
4,7
3,4
4,4
4,7
3,3
4,2
4,6
3,6
3,1
3,8
5,5
2,8
5,6
5,8
2,8
4,2
7,1
5,9
4,8

45%
40%
45%
97%
97%
95%
45%
75%
85%
75%
90%
90%
15%
65%
40%
35%
80%
50%
45%
40%
20%
100%
95%
97%
100%
97%
50%
45%

64
149
150

W/g H/cm

Preserv.

30,17
54,32
14,09

100%
100%
95%

4,0
4,5
4,0

vessel-shaped H / 11 pieces
A

AT
POTPORANJ
CARINA
CEROVICA
IBERLAND
KANAL MESI
STARO SELO
OLAKOVA VODENICA

32,98
35,31
136,64
107,31
108,28
136,53
60,35
170,36
74,93
150,83
98,30
57,13
47,48
0,00
104,81
30,72
80,39
33,32
102,27
46,90
31,62
145,01
119,80
39,50
73,30
167,66
51,28
44,39

Preserv.

cushion-shaped G / 3 pieces

Site Cat. No.

A
P
CAR
CER
I
KM
SS
V

W/g H/cm

27
28
29
65
67
143
144
145
146
147
292

W/g H/cm

Preserv.

17,01
26,35
33,60
48,24
83,31
38,34
31,43
22,63
25,03
15,48
32,05

100%
97%
95%
97%
95%
95%
65%
95%
50%
95%
95%

3,5
3,7
5,0
3,6
7,1
3,1
3,4
2,9
4,1
3,7
4,5

Table 3
Dimensions and percentage of fragmentation

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F. Milleker, Dlmagyarorszg rgisgleletei III, Temesvr, 1906
1934
F. Milleker, Die Steinzeitlichen Funde von Potporanj, Wrschatz, 1934
1938
F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Neolitikum, XIII, 103166, , 1938
Milovan
1958
. . , - , .
13-30, , . 14, , 1958
Na
1960
. , , 9,
112-129, , 1960

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D. Nikoli, The Identiication and Location of Base 9,3 m at Vina, .
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1972
A. Niu, Reprezentrile zoomorfe plastice pe ceramica neo-eneolitic
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2007
A. Prijatelj, Digging the Neolithic stamp-seals of SE Europe from archeological deposits, texts and mental constructs, Documenta Praehistorica
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2000
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W. Schier F. Draovean, Vorbericht ber die rumnisch-deutschen
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Schliemann H.
1881
H. Schliemann, Ilios Stadt und Land der Trojaner, Leipzig, 1881
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H. Schliemann, Troja, Leipzig, 1884
Srejovi
1963
D. Srejovi, Versuch einer historischen Wertung der Vina Gruppe, AI
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1988
D. Srejovi (eds. ), The Neolithic of Serbia, Beograd, 1988
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D. Srejovi, Arheoloki leksikon, Beograd, 1997

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1990
Srejovi,D. i Tasi, N. (eds. ), Vina and Its World, SANU, Simpozijum,
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Stevanovi M. -Jovanovi B, Stratigraphy of Vina-Belo Brdo Reconsidered,
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1952
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N. N. Tasi, Ritual Pottery Set from Vina, str. 203-210, . 23,
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. Vasi, Die neolitische Station Jablanica bei Medjuluje in Serbien,
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. , , , 1906
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. , , I,
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. , , , . III-IV,
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195
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List of abbreviations:
AI Archeologia Iugoslavica
Arheoloki pregled
ARR Arheoloki radovi i rasprave
VAMZ Vjesnik Arheolokog muzeja u Zagrebu
- Glasnik Srpskog arheolokog drutva
Glasnik muzeja Banata
GMKM Glasnik muzeja Kosova i Metohije
GZMBIH Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine
Zbornik Narodnog muzeja
Rad vojvoanskih muzeja
Narodni muzej
PJZ Praistorija jugoslovenskih zemalja

ta b l e s a n d m a p s

Vina Amulets

82

Tables and Maps

83

Vina Amulets

84

Tables and Maps

85

Vina Amulets

86

Tables and Maps

87

Vina Amulets

88

Tables and Maps

89

Vina Amulets

90

Tables and Maps

91

Vina Amulets

92

Tables and Maps

93

Vina Amulets

94

Map 1 two-armed

Tables and Maps

95

Map 2 three-armed

Vina Amulets

96

Map 3 Multi-armed type C i

Tables and Maps

97

Map 4 Multi-armed type C ii

Vina Amulets

98

Map 5 Anthropomorphic Amulets

Tables and Maps

Map 6
Seated Amulets

vessel Amulets

ornithomorphic Amulets

99

Vina Amulets

Map 7
100

two-armed Amulets

Multi-armed Amulets C ii

Anthropomorphic Amulets

Multi-armed Amulets C i

three-armed Amulets

Tables and Maps

Map 8 Se Banat Sites on the Map of F Griselini from 1776

101

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Map 9 Se Banat Sites

102

Katalog
Catalogue

Vina Amulets

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Fragmentovani viekraki amulet izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom sitnog zrnastog liskunskog peska. Svetlo mrke boje peenja, delimino nagoreo. Povrina zaglaana, sa vidljiv tragovima glaanja alatkom. Telo masivno, vretenastog oblika sa
zaravnjenim osnovama krunog oblika. Na polovini
visine gde je i predmet najiri, nalaze se tri ispupenja ili kraka postavljena horizontalno. Rasporeeni
su u krug na pravilnom rastojanju, a u preseku grade ravnokraki trougao. Predmet celom duinom
perforiran.
uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine
publikacija: Neolit junog Banata, katalog izlobe, Panevo 1978, str. 20, sl. 1
dimenzije: visina 8,9 cm; raspon krakova 6,1 cm; R osnove: 2,3 cm i 1,7 cm; R krakova: 1,6 cm

Sedei amulet. Nedostaje gornji deo vrata sa glavom. Iz loptastog tela horizontalno izvuene dve
paralelno postavljene noge, koje se kupasto suavaju ka vrhu. Na gornjem delu tela izvuen cilindrian
vrat. Perforacija na leima, sa izlazom na sedalnom
delu tela. Izraena od gline izmeane sa krupnijim
peskom, oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz prilikom kontrole zemljanih radova, 1971.

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,8 cm; duina 4,3 cm; promer tela 2,2 cm

Ornitomorfni ili zoomorfni amulet, loptastog tela.

Na gornjoj strani, koso izvuen valjkasti vrat, koji se
pri kraju stanjuje i zavrava zakoenom povrinom
na kojoj se nalazi malo ispupenje. Na donjoj strani, aplicirane dve kratke valjkaste noge. Na leima
igurine, neposredno iza vrata, telo koso perforirano sa otvorom na donjoj strani iza nogu. U trenutku nalaza, kroz otvor je bila provuena tanka ptija
kost, tako da je igurina mogla biti uspravno postavljena, a ne okaena kao amulet. Kost je u gornjem
delu dopirala do glave. Od gline, sa tankom prevlakom na povrini, zaglaana, mrkosmee boje.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan, povrinski nalaz.
publikacija: Neolit junog Banata, katalog izlobe, Panevo 1978.
dimenzije: visina 5,9 cm; promer tela 2,7 x 3,6 cm

Sedei zoomorfni amulet. Telo loptasto. Na jednom

kraju izvuen vrat sa malom glavom, na kojoj su modelovane kupaste ui i nos. Na donjem kraju - horizontalno u odnosu na vrat, izvuene dve kratke, valjkaste noge, sada fragmentovane. Perforacija izvedena kroz lea i sedalni deo. Izraen od gline izmeane sa krupnijim peskom. Oker boje peenja, delimino nagorela.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz prilikom kontrole zemljanih radova, 1972.

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,4 cm; telo R 2,4 cm

105

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Sedei zoomorfni amulet. Telo loptasto. Na jednom

kraju izvuen vrat sa glavom, na kojoj su modelovane male ui i nos. Na donjem kraju - horizontalno u
odnosu na vrat, izvuene dve kratke, valjkaste noge,
sada fragmentovane. Perforacija izvedena koso, kroz
lea i sedalni deo. Izraen od gline izmeane sa krupnijim peskom. Crno peen, sa tankom prevlakom
oker boje.

uslovi nalaza: Nepoznati; stari inv. br. 6420

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Telo 3,3 x 2,6 cm; visina 5,1 cm

Sedei zoomorfni amulet. Telo u poprenom preseku trougaono, ukraeno plitko urezanim linijama.
Na jednom kraju formirana mala glava sa istaknutim
nosem. Na suprotnom kraju izvuene dve vrlo kratke, kupsto oblikovane nogice. Perforacija izvedena
kroz lea i sedalni deo. izraen od gline ine fakture, izmeane sa inim peskom. Dobro peeno, oker
boje.

uslovi nalaza: Nepoznati; stari inv. br. 6421

publikacija: Neolit junog Banata, katalog izlobe, Panevo 1978.
dimenzije: visina 4,4 cm; telo 2,4 x 2,2 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa

primesom krupnijih zrnaca peska. Oker-crvenkaste
boje peenja, delimino nagoreo. Povrina sumarno obraena. Telo ima krunu osnovu od koje se
postepeno bono iri i poprime ovalan presek. Na
vrhu bonih strana aplicirana dva kraka, iroko razmaknuta, sa vrhovima u vidu ivotinjskih protoma.
Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,9 cm; visina tela 6 cm; raspon krakova 7 cm; R osnove 2 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline ine fakture, svetlo

mrke boje peenja. Povrina polirana. Od ovalne, zaobljene osnove, telo se bono iri i stapa sa krakovima koso postavljenim na vrhu bonih strana. Vrhovi
krakova modelovani su u obliku dva roasta ispupenja izmeu kojih je sedlasto udubljenje. Kraci su
asimetrini. U korenu jednog kraka sa njegove unutranje strane, vidljiv plia urezana, kratka linija. Telo
vertikalno perforirano. Na obodima obe perforacije
jedva vidljivi useci od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz tokom kontrole zemljanih radova 1972. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,4 cm; visina tela 5,0 cm; osnova 2,2 x 2,5 cm; debljina tela 2,5 cm; raspon krakova 6,4 cm

4531
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11

kat. br.
12

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa primesom zrnaca krupnijeg liskunskog peska. Oker boje peenja, povrina priglaana. Na vrhu bonih strana koso
aplicirana dva kratka kraka sa vrhovima u vidu ivotinjskih protoma. Jedan oteen. U korenu krakova,
sa unutranje strane, urezane linije koje se proteu
ka bonim stranama tela. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu donjeg otvora popreni kratki lebovi.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; visina tela 4,5 cm; raspon krakova 5,4 cm; R osnove 2,1 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa

sitnijim zrncima peska. Oker boje peenja. Telo jeziastog oblika sa ovalnom osnovom od koje se postepeno iri, kako na bonim tako i na prednjoj i zadnjoj strani. Na vrhu bonih strana nalaze se dva
mala kraka u vidu ivotinjskih protoma. oba su oteena. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Na
obodima oba otvora jasno vidljivi popreni lebovi
od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,1 cm; visina tela 4,4 cm; promer osnove 1,6 x 1,9 cm

Mali dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Crvenkasto-oker boje peenja, na prelomu tamno mrke. Telo stubasto, ovalnog
preseka. Na vrhu bonih strana dva koso i asimetrino postavljena kratka kraka sa vrhovima u vidu stilizovanih ivotinjskih protoma. U korenu oba kraka
sa unutranje strane urezana je po jedna linija koja
se protee ka bonim stranama tela. Izmeu krakova
telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu donjeg otvora
vide se poprena udubljenja u vidu kratkih zareza.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; visina tela 3,7 cm; raspon krakova 4,2 cm; promer osnove 2,2 x 1,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet veih dimenzija izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom krupnijih zrnaca peska. Oker boje peenja spolja i iznutra. Telo stubasto.
Na vrhu bonih strana koso postavljena dva kraka.
Jedan je fragmentovan, a na uvanom se vidi da je
vrh oblikovan u vidu ivotinjskog protoma. U korenu ouvanog kraka, sa unutranje strane, uski leb
koji se iri ka bonoj strani tela. Telo izmeu krakova
perforirano. Na obodu donjeg otvora nekoliko kratkih poprenih udubljenja.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 8 cm; visina tela 6,8 cm;ouvani raspon krakova 6,5 cm; R osnove 3,1 cm

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kat. br.
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Mali dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Crvenkasto-oker boje peenja. Tragovi crvenog bojenja. Telo konino sa krunom osnovom od koje se postepeno iri ka bokovima i stanjuje u sredinjem delu, pa u korenu krakova
poprima ovalan presek. Na vrhu bonih strana dva
koso postavljena kratka kraka sa vrhovima u vidu
stilizizovanih ivotinjskih protoma. U korenu jednog
kraka, sa unutranje strane, urezana linija - plitak
leb koji se iri ka bonoj strani tela. Izmeu krakova
telo vertikalno perforirano.
uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; visina tela 3,7 cm; raspon krakova 4,2 cm; R osnove 2,2 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa

primesom krupnijeg peska. Oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu mrke. Na povrini se vide tragovi zaglaavanja nekom alatkom. Tragovi crvenog premaza. Telo pljosnato, a od male osnove krunog oblika
se postepeno bono iri i zavrava sa dva kraka, od
kojih je jedan fragmentovan. Ouvani krak ima nepravilan etvrtasti presek, a vrh je modelovan u vidu
stilizovane ivotinjske glave. Izmeu krakova telo
vertikalno perforirano. Donji otvor ine dva spojena
kruna otvora.
uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,9 cm; visina tela 4,9 cm; ouvani raspon krakova 5,1 cm; promer osnove 1,1 x 1,4 cm.

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta. Ouvan deo tela i jedan krak iji je vrh plastino oblikovan. Sudei po
ouvanom fragmentu, kraci su bili postavljeni skoro
vodoravno u odnosu na telo. Na prelomu tela vidljiv
vertikalni kanal od nekadanjeg otvora. Od gline izmeane sa sitnim peskom. Tanka prevlaka na povrini, zaglaana, neujednaene tamnosmee do mrke
boje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz tokom kontrole zemljanih radova.

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 4,1 x 5 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska i krupnije tucanog kamena. Crvenkaste boje peenja, priglaane povrine.
Osnova zaravnjena, telo ovalnog preseka. Ouvani
krak modelovan roasto sa zailjenim vrhom i mogue je da predstavlja vrlo stilizovanu ivotinjsku
glavu. Izmeu krakova telo perforirano celom visinom. Povrina tela ukraena urezivanjem i ubadanjem. Oko gornjeg otvora ubadanjem napravljen
krug. Na obodu donjeg i gornjeg otvora vide se poprena udubljenja.
uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine;
amulet otkriven u neposrednoj blizini kultnog predmeta u obliku
krune ploe sa ubodima odnosno otvorima, male dimenzije.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; visina tela 3,9 cm; promer osnove 2,3 x 1,9 cm.

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Mali dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Oker boje peenja. Povrina
priglaana, neznatno oteena. Osnova zaobljena,
telo jeziastog oblika, nepravilnog ovalnog preseka.
Na vrhu bonih strana koso postavljena dva kupasto modelovana, kratka kraka. Na jednom kraku fragmentovan vrh. U korenu ouvanog kraka, sa unutranje strane, uski leb koji se protee ka bonoj
strani tela. Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova. Na obodu donjeg otvora poprena udubljenja.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,0 cm; visina tela 4,1 cm; R osnove 1,5 cm; R otvora 0,7 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa

primesom peska. Oker boje peenja, povrina priglaana. Telo jeziastog oblika, u poprenom preseku ovalnog. Osnova mala, zaravnjena, ovalnog
oblika, od koje se telo postepeno bono iri ka vrhu,
gde su kosto postavljena dva kraka. Vrhovi krakova fragmentovani. Telo izmeu krakova vertikalno
perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; visina tela 4,9 cm; promer osnove 1,7 x 2,2 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Mali dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Crvenkasto-oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne, priglaane povrine.
Osnova kruna, delimino oteena. Telo jeziastog
oblika, u poprenom preseku ovalnog. Jedan krak
fragmentovan, dok je ouvani modelovan kupasto.
Sam vrh je reljefan, pa se moe pretpostaviti da se
radi o stilizovanoj glavi ivotinje. Izmeu krakova
telo perforirano. Na obodu gornjeg otvora popreno urezana linija u vidu zareza.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,1 cm R osnove 1,7 cm; raspon krakova 3,3 cm

Fragmentovan dvokraki amulet, nedostaju kraci.

Kroz sredinu tela prolazi iroki vertikalni otvor. Od
gline sa primesom sitnog peska. Povrina zaglaana,
sa tankom prevlakom, crvene boje sa tamnijim povrinama. Ivice otvora proireni lebovima, naroito
na osnovi, tako da najvei promer iznosi 10 mm.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,8cm; R osnove 2,1 cm.

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Fragment vertikalne polovine dvokrakog amuleta

izraenog od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Oker boje peenja. Telo pljosnato.Vrh kraka reljefno modelovan tako da se moe pretpostaviti da
je predstavljao stilizovanu ivotinjsku glavu. Sa unutranje strane korena kraka urezan leb. Na prelomu
se vidi perforacija izvedena pod kosim uglom.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm; visina tela 4,4 cm; debljina 2,1 cm; ouvana irina tela 1,8 cm.

Mali, fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom sitno mlevenog kamena. Crvenkaste boje peenja, sumarno obraen
povrine. Telo jeziastog oblika, u poprenom preseku ovalnog. Vrhovi krakova reljefni, tako da se moe
pretpostaviti da zapravo predstavljaju vrlo stilizovane ivotinjske glave. Telo izmeu krakova perforirano pod uglom.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; visina tela 3,7 cm; raspon krakova 3,9 cm

Mali, dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Narandaste boje peenja,
povrina sumarno obraena, priglaana. Telo jeziastog oblika, pljosnato, osnova ovalna. Na vrhu bonih strana aplicirani kraci. Jedan fragmentovan, a
ouvani krak postavljen gotovo horizontalno, kupasto modelovan. Telo izmeu krakova vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu donjeg otvora poprena proirenja od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,5 cm; visina tela 3,3 cm; promer osnove 1,5 x 1,2 cm.

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta, bez ouvanih krakova. Stubastog tela, malo uvuenih strana, sa blago
naglaenim rubom osnove. Povrina osnove konkavno uvuena. Kroz sredinu tela prolazi vertikalni
otvor. U gornjem delu tragovi odlomljenih krakova,
s tim to je na jednoj strani i telo veim delom oteeno. Od gline sa primesom peska, povrina sa tankom prevlakom, zaglaana, tamnosive boje.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; R osnove 2,4 cm.

4547
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kat. br.
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inv. br.

4550

kat. br.
27

At

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; visina tela 4,1 cm; promer tela 1,8 x 4,5 cm.

Zoomorfna (jelen) glava na kojoj se istie kupasto modelovan nos iznad kojeg se na vrhu glave uzdie jedan krak, sada
fragmentovan. Moda predstava rogova? Na bonim stranama glave, a u visini nosa, horizontalno izvuena dva patrljka,
koji moda predstavljaju ui. Preko vrha nosa napravljen plitak i irok leb, sa krajevima usmerenim na dole. Glava je postavljena na krai vrat ovalnog preseka i zaobljenog dna, tako
da ne moe samostalno da stoji. Iznad nosa nalazi se gornji
otvor perforacije, dok je donji otvor u sreditu osnove vrata.
Oko gornjeg otvora prisutni kratki lebovi, jedan usmeren ka
levom uvu, drugi ka desnoj strani i osnovi. Izraeno od gline
oker/narandaste boje peenja spolja i na prelomu, sa dosta
sitno tucanog kamena i peska.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm; promer glave 3,3 x 5 cm.

4549
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Dvokraki amulet manjih dimenzija izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Crvenkaste
boje peenja, sumarno obraene povrine, priglaan. Telo jeziastog, pljosnatog oblika, sa zaobljenom osnovom. Na vrhu izvuena dva kratka kraka.
Oba su oteena, ali se po ouvanim ostacima moe
zakljuiti da su vrhovi bili stilizovani u vidu ivotinjskih glava. Izmeu krakova telo perforirano pod blagim uglom.

kat. br.
28

Amulet bikoninog oblika sa vertikalno probuenim

otvorom. Od gline sa primesom sitnog peska, povrina zaglaana sa tankom prevlakom, smee boje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,5 cm; R konusa 2,5 cm.

Amulet oblikovan u vidu bikonine posude, cilindrinog vrata sa izlivnikom koji je horizontalno postavljen u odnosu na telo. Dno zaobljeno, sa jedva
naznaenom krunom osnovom. Po visini predmet
perforiran, otvorom veoma malih dimenzija. Od gline, sa tankom prevlakom na povrini, zaglaanom,
sa vidljivim tragovima obrade, tamnosive i mestimino mrkosmee boje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,7 cm; R trbuha 2,7 cm; duina sa krakom 4 cm

111

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112

Amulet u obliku bikonine posude sa visokim cilindrinim vratom i lepezastom drkom postavljenom horizontalno u odnosu na telo, u visini ramena.
(Drka gredasta, sa oteenjem na vrhu koji je najverovatnije bio roast). Na naspramnoj strani, nalazi
se oteenje ovalnog oblika, koje nedovoljno nagovetava postojanje drugog kraka, odnosno drke. Pri
dnu i na vrhu amulet zavren malom krunom povrinom. Kroz sredinu predmeta prolazi vertikalna
perforacija uskog promera. Od gline sa primesom
sitnog peska, zaglaane povrine, neujednaene tamno i svetlo smee boje.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5 cm; R trbuha 3 cm

estokraki predmet izraen od gline srednje fakture

sa primesom sitno mlevenog kamena. Oker boje peenja, priglaane povrine. Kraci valjkasto oblikovani sa zaravnjenim vrhom. Rasporeeni krstasto, etiri u istoj ravni, dva upravno u odnosu na njih (fragmentovani). Predmet dijagonalno perforiran izmeu krakova. Na obodu oba otvora vide se poprena
udubljenja od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Raspon krakova u istoj ravni 5 cm; R krakova 1,3 cm.

Fragmentovani etvorokraki predmet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Crvenkastomrke boje peenja, priglaane, sumarno obraene
povrine. etiri kraka (jedan fragmentovan) krstasto rasporeena u istoj ravni. Kraci valjkasto modelovani sa zaravnjenim vrhovima, koji imaju zadebljane i proirene rubove. Predmet perforiran vertikalno
kroz centar u kojem se spajaju kraci. Na obodu jednog otvora vidi se popreno udubljenje od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Raspon krakova 5 cm, R kraka 1,6 cm; R vrha 2,1 cm; debljina na sastavu krakova 2 cm.

Fragmentovani amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom sitno mlevenog kamena. Sivo-oker
boje spolja, na prelomu crvenkasto-mrke. Povrina
priglaana. Telo stubasto, nepravilnog ovalnog poprenog preseka. U gornjem delu na bonim stranama dva horizontalno postavljena patrljka - kraka.
Kraci kratki, valjkasto modelovani sa zaravnjenim
vrhom, zadebljanih ivica. Oko rubova urezan plitak
leb. Gornji deo valjkastog tela fragmentovan, vidi
se samo osnova krunog preseka. Predmet perforiran kroz centar valjkastog tela. Na obodu donjeg
otvora poprena proirenja od neke vrste uzice.
uslovi nalaza: Kontrola zemljanih radova, 1972. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; raspon krakova 4,8 cm; promer osnove 1,6 x 1,9 cm; debljina tela 2,1 cm.

4558
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4560
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4561
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kat. br.
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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, stubastog, zdepastog tela. U gornjem delu se rava u dva kraka, sada
fragmentovana. Ouvan je samo koren jednog kraka, koji je sudei po sauvanom delu bio izvijen.
Oteenja na vrhu ukazuju da se krak zavravao protomom. Osnova kruna, po visini vertikalna perforacija irokog prenika. Glina izmeana sa sitnim peskom, zaglaane povrine, sivosmee boje.

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov nalaz, broj 6401, bez bliih podataka.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; promer tela 2,3 x 2,7 cm.

Mali dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom sitno mlevenog kamena. Crvenkasto
oker boje peenja, priglaane povrine. Telo pljosnato, od osnove ovalnog preseka iri se bono i zavrava sa dva kratka, valjkasto modelovana kraka.
Jednom oteen vrh. Telo perforirano izmeu krakova, sa gornjim otvorom blie rubu jedne ire strane, dok se donji otvor nalazi u sreditu osnove. Na
obodu donjeg otvora poprena udubljenja. Na vrhu
jedne ire strane urezana horizontalna linija, koja se
prostire od sredine korena jednog do korena drugog kraka.
uslovi nalaza: Stari nalaz F.Milekera, zateen u muzeju bez bliih podataka nalaza; stari inv. br. 6404
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,3 cm; visina tela 2,8 cm; raspon krakova 2,9 cm; promer osnove 1,1 x 1,4 cm.

Minijaturni dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom sitno mlevenog kamena. Crvenkasto-mrke boje, priglaane povrine.
Jeziastog, pljosnatog oblika tela. Male, zaobljene krune osnove od koje se bono iri i zavrava sa dva konino modelovana kratka kraka. Jedan
krak fragmentovan. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno
perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Stari nalaz F. Milekera, zateen u muzeju bez bliih podataka nalaza; stari inv. br. 6406
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 2,5 cm; visina tela 2,2 cm; promer tela 1,4 x 0,9 cm.

Fragmentovan amulet sa vertikalnom perforacijom.

Stubastog tela, pri osnovi sa zadnje strane sa naznaenim glutejima (?). U gornjem delu krak - patrljak,
na jednoj strani odlomljen, dok je na drugoj samo u
korenu ouvan i usmeren na gore. U sredini trag odlomljenog treeg kraka ili glave. Gornji otvor nalazi se na rubu preloma. Od gline sa primesom sitnog
peska, zaglaan, crvenosmee boje.

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov broj 6407, bez bliih podataka

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,5 cm; 4 cm irina

113

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kat. br.
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Pljosnati amulet, ovalnog preseka, sa po jednim

bonim patrljkom u visini ruku i u gornjem delu sa
dva slina roasta ispupenja iste veliine. U sredini telo vertikalno probueno. Celokupna predstava
ima oblik ematizovane ljudske igure sa dve glave,
odnosno kurotrofne igurine. Na jednoj strani krak
odlomljen u korenu. Od gline sa primesom peska,
povrina pokrivena tankom prevlakom, zaglaana,
okernarandaste boje.

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov broj 6410, bez bliih podataka

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; promer tela 1,7 x 3,1 cm; raspon patrljaka 5 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa dosta sitno mlevenog kamena i peska. Svetlo oker boje peenja. Osnova ovalna, a telo se ka vrhu postepeno stanjuje. Kraci amuleta fragmentovani, a po ouvanim osnovama bili
su krunog preseka i skoro vertikalno izvueni.
Povrina tela veoma erodirana, ali su vidljivi tragovi
dekoracije urezivanjem. Telo izmeu krakova vertikalno perforirano. Na donjem obodu otvora popreni useci nastali nakon peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Stari nalaz F.Milekera, inv. br. 6410, zateen u muzeju bez bliih podataka nalaza
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; promer osnove 1,9 x 2,3 cm.

Manji dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje

fakture sa dosta krupnije tucanog kamena i peska.
Crvenkasto-oker boje peenja. Tanak premaz crvenom bojom. Telo pljosnato. Na vrhu bonih strana
koso postavljena dva kratka, roasto modelovana
kraka. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano.
Na obodu donjeg otvora dva poprena udubljenja
od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Stari nalaz F.Milekera, zateen u muzeju

bez bliih podataka nalaza; stari inv. br. 6411
publikacija: Nepublikovano

4565
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dimenzije: visina 5 cm; visina tela 4,2 cm; promer osnove 1,7 x 2,1 cm; raspon krakova 4,7 cm; R otvora 0,6 cm

kat. br.
40
114

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom sitno mlevenog kamena i peska. Oker-crvenkaste boje peenja, povrina priglaana. Od zaravnjene, krune osnove telo
se postepeno iri i poprima ovalan presek. Na vrhu
jedne bone strane koso postavljen krak oblikovan
u vidu stilizovane ptije glave sa kljunom okrenutim
ka spolja. Drugi krak je fragmentovanog vrha, a sudei po ouvanim ostacima bio je manjih dimenzija.
Mogue da se radi o predstavi repa. Sa unutranje
strane ouvanog kraka dublje urezana linija koja se
prostire ka bonoj strani tela. Izmeu krakova telo
perforirano pod uglom. Na obodu donjeg otvora
vidi se popreno udubljenje.
uslovi nalaza: Stari nalaz F.Milekera, zateen u muzeju bez bliih podataka nalaza; stari inv. br. 6412
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; visina tela 3,5 cm; R osnove 1,8 cm; promer tela ispod krakova 2,1 x 3 cm.

4566
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4573
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kat. br.
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Fragment gornje etvrtine tela amuleta sa ouvanim jednim, kupasto izvuenim krakom. Na prelomu ostatak kanala od iroko vertikalno perforiranog
otvora, celom visinom tela. Od gline sa malo peska,
zaglaane povrine, crvenosmee boje.

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov nalaz broj 6424, bez bliih podataka
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,9 cm; ouvani prenik tela 1,5 cm.

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa

primesom sitno mlevenog kamena i peska. Povrina
sumarno obraena, oker - tamno sive boje. Telo jeziastog oblika, pljosnato sa zaobljenom ovalnom
osnovom. Ouvani krak zavren stilizovanom glavom ivotinje, okrenute ka spoljnoj bonoj strani.
Glava vrlo precizno modelovana, sa jasno izdvojenom njukom i delimino oteenim uima ili rogovima ? Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova, a
na obodu donjeg otvora vide se poprena proirenja od neke vrste uzice.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajni povrinski nalaz; poklon J. Raajskog
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,1 cm; visina tela 4,1 cm; debljina tela 1,7 cm; irina 2,8 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Oker boje peenja, sumarno obraene povrine. Jedan deo tela
i jedan krak fragmentovani. Telo jeziastog oblika sa
zaobljenom osnovom ovalnog oblika. Ouvani krak
je kupasto oblikovan. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni povrinski nalaz; poklon J. Raajskog

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; visina tela 3,8 cm; debljina 2,1 cm; irina 3,6 cm; R otvora 0,6 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Crvenkastomrke boje peenja, delimino nagoreo. Povrina zaglana. Telo pljosnato, nepravilno ovalnog preseka, bono se iri od male zaobljene osnove. Na vrhu
bonih strana izvuena dva kraka, sada fragmentovana. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni povrinski nalaz; poklon J. Raajskog

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm; visina tela 4 cm; promer osnove 1,5 x 1,8 cm; promer tela u korenu krakova 2,1 x 3,9 cm.

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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom sitno tucanog kamena. Svetlo oker boje peenja. Telo gotovo pravougaonog oblika, ovalnog preseka. Na vrhu bonih strana koso postavljeni krakovi. Jedan je fragmentovan
u korenu, dok drugom kraku nedostaje vrh. Izmeu
krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu oba
otvora vide se poprena polukruna udubljenja, nastala od provlaenja neke vrste uzice

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni povrinski nalaz; poklon J. Raajskog

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,4 cm; visina tela 4,3 cm; promer osnove 1,7 x 2,4 cm; promer tela u korenu krakova 1,7 x 3,2 cm.

Viekraki amulet. Jajasto telo na kom su aplicirana

tri kratka valjkasta kraka. Dva su horizontalno postavljena u gornjoj polovini tela, naspramno, sa leve
i desne strane. Trei se nalazi na vrhu gornje strane,
vertikalno postavljen u sredini tela. Kroz njega napravljena perforacija krunog preseka, celom visinom tela. Od gline, uglaane povrine, okernarandaste boje.

uslovi nalaza: Milekerov br. 3104; Broj Ritingerove nalepnice 75;

Iz nekadanje zbirke Edvarda Ritingera. Sluajni nalaz prilikom
kopanja velikosreditanskog kanala 1888. godine.
publikacija: Nepublikovano

4606
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dimenzije: visina 3,9 cm; promer tela 1,7 x 3,7 cm.

kat. br.
47

Petokraki fragmentovani predmet izraen od gline

izmeane sa krupno tucanim kamenom i peskom.
Tamno sive boje sa prevlakom svetlo sive ( prljavo
bele ) boje. Telo valjkasto, zaravnjenih krajeva. Na
sredini horizontalno postavljenja tri kratka valjkasta
kraka, rasporeena pod uglom od 120 stepeni. Telo
vertikalno perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz prilikom kopanja velikosreditanskog

kanala 1888. godine; Iz nekadanje zbirke E.Ritingera - br. 76;
Milekerov inv. br. 3105
publikacija: Nepublikovano

4607
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dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm; raspon dva ouvana kraka 3,7 cm; R vertikalnih krakova 1,6 cm; R bonih krakova 1,6 cm.

kat. br.
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116

Viekraki amulet. Krukasto telo na ijim bonim

stranama, u gornjoj polovini su naspramno postavljena dva horizontalna kraka krunog preseka. Trei
krak nalazi se na vrhu gornje strane, u sredini. Istog
je oblika i kroz njega izvedena vertikalna perforacija
celom visinom predmeta. Pri korenu bonih krakova
nalazi se po jedan zarez, koji je na jednoj strani izraeniji i dui. Od gline sa primesom peska, povrina
sa prevlakom, uglaana, oker boje.

uslovi nalaza: Iz Ritingerove zbirke, broj 74. Milekerov broj 31. Prilikom kopanja velikosreditanskog kanala.
publikacija: F.Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 6cm; promer tela 7 x 3,8 cm.

4618
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7861
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kat. br.
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Fragmentovani amulet, najverovatnije dvokraki.

Kraci nisu sauvani, telo pljosnato, ovalnog preseka,
postepeno se suava ka donjoj strani, odnosno strani bez krakova. Uoljiv veliki otvor od vertikalne perforacije. Od gline sa primesom peska, zaglaane povrine, sivosmee boje.

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov broj 6405, bez podataka o uslovima nalaza.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,4 cm; promer tela 2,8 x 1,9 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa

peskom i krupnije tucanim kamenom. Oker boje peenja. Od male zaobljene osnove krunog preseka,
telo se postepeno iri i na vrhu bonih strana zavrava kracima. Ouvani krak ima gotovo pravougaoni presek. Vrh mu je oteen. Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova. Na donjem otvoru vidljiva dva polukruna udubljenja usmerena ka bonim
stranama.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5 cm; R osnove 1,5 cm.

Trokraki amulet. Ouvano jajasto telo dok su tri kraka fragmentovana. Dva kraka su bila postavljena horizontalno pri vrhu bonih strana, dok je trei bio na
vrhu sredinjeg dela tela. Osnova mala, krunog preseka. Telo perforirano kroz gornji sredinji krak. Od
gline sa neznatnom koliinom peska. Oker boje peenja, sa mrljama crne i tamno mrke od sekundarnog gorenja.

uslovi nalaza: Zatitno-orijentaciona iskopavanja 1976. godine.

Sonda 4, 2. o.s., objekat 2, kvadrat A (T. 109).
publikacija: Nepublikovano

7963
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dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; promer u visini bonih krakova 4,2 x 3,2 cm.

kat. br.
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Fragmentovani amulet u obliku posude (?). Amulet

ima izgled krukolike posude, sa istaknutim ramenom i visokim cilindrinim vratom. Na ramenu su
bila postavljena tri kraka, rasporeena tako da formiraju trougao. Ouvan je jedan krak, kupasto modelovan i vrhom okrenut na gore. Druga dva kraka
fragmentovana. U korenu dva kraka vidljivi lebovi. Telo perforirano kroz sredite vrata. Na obodima
oba otvora vidljiva polukruna udubljenja od neke
vrste uzice. Od gline sa neznatnom koliinom peska.
Oker boje peenja, sa mrljama crvene i crne boje od
sekundarnog gorenja. Napomena: Pored amuleta
pronaeno malo kameno dleto, najverovatnije kultne namene.
uslovi nalaza: Zatitno-orijentaciona iskopavanja, 1976. godine. Sonda 5, 4. o.s.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,1 cm; promer tela u visina krakova 4,6 x 2,5 cm.

117

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8201
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8249
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Amulet u obliku ivotinje. Telo valjkasto, na jednom

kraju postavljena glava sa dva picasta uva i nosom
kupasto modelovanim. Na istoj strani, ali na drugom
kraju, modelovane dve kratke kupaste noge, blago
rairene. itav amulet ima izgled ivotinje koja sedi.
Telo je vertikalno perforirano. Gornji otvor se nalazi
u delu iza glave, a donji iza nogu. Na donjem otvoru vidi se veliki leb usmeren ka delu izmeu nogu.
Crvenkasti premaz(?)

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; promer tela 2,9 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet. Nedostaje vrh donjeg dela. Ouvano valjkasto modelovano telo, koje
se na vrhu bonih strana zavrava sa dva mala, kupasto modelovana kraka. Po sredini, izmeu krakova,
telo vertikalno perforirano. Povrina nemarno izraena, bez zaglaavanja. Od gline dobre fakture, sa
vrlo malo peska i sitno tucanog kamena, oker boje
peenja.

uslovi nalaza:
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,6 cm; promer tela 1,8 x 2,2 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, pljosnatog tela

ovalnog preseka. Donji deo amuleta je fragmentovan, kao i deo jedne ire strane. Vrhovi bonih strana zavreni sa dva kraa, koso postavljenja kupasto
modelovana kraka. Izmeu krakova, telo po sredini
vertikalno perforirano. Otvor napravljen blie rubu
jedne ire strane (ouvane), a po obodu vidljiva polukruna proirenja, najverovatnije od neke vrste
uzice. Izraen od gline izmeane sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena, oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza:
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5 cm; Promer tela ispod krakova 3,3 x 1,8 cm; promer krakova 5,1 cm

Manji dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa sitnim peskom. Oker boje peenja. Telo pljosnato, od ovalne, zaravnjene osnove postepeno se
blago iri ka gornjem delu. Na vrhu bonih strana
koso postavljena dva kraka, sada fragmentovana.
Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Gornji
otvor ovalan, donji kruan. Na oba otvora vidljiva
neznatna udubljenja, najverovatnije od neke vrste
uzice. Povrina amuleta erodirana.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz, 1983. godine

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; irina 2,8 x 1,8 cm.

9498
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9499
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9500
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kat. br.
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9514
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kat. br.
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kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet raen od ino preiene gline.

Oker boje peenja. Osnova zaobljena, a od nje se
telo iri poprimajui ovalni presek. Prednja strana
blago ispupena. Gornji deo ine dva koso postavljena kraka, srednje duine. Jedan krak kupasto modelovan, dok je drugi na vrhu fragmentovan. Telo
vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova. U korenu
ouvanog kraka vidljiv leb koji se koso sputa ka
donjem otvoru. Po obodu oba otvora udubljenja.

uslovi nalaza: Milekerov broj 6400, bez podataka o uslovima nalaza

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,4 cm; promer tela ispod krakova 3,5 x 2,4 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa

primesom krupnijeg peska. Oker boje peenja. Telo
pljosnato, a od male osnove ovalnog oblika se postepeno bono iri i zavrava sa dva kraka, od kojih
je jedan fragmentovan. Ouvani krak kratak, modelovan kupasto. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Otvori napravljeni blie rubu jedne ire
strane. Otvori su elipsoidnog oblika, sa proirenjima
usmerenim ka kracima.

uslovi nalaza: Milekerov broj 6402, bez podataka o uslovima nalaza

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; promer ispod kraka 2,7 x 1,4 cm.

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa

primesom krupnijeg peska. Oker boje peenja. Telo
pljosnato, trougaonog oblika. Ouvani krak kratak,
modelovan kupasto. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Donji otvor napravljen blie rubu
jedne ire strane, dok je gornji otvor blii rubu suprotne strane. Po obodu oba otvora vidljiva manja
udubljenja

uslovi nalaza: Milekerov broj 6403, bez podataka o uslovima nalaza

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer osnove 1,3 x 0,6 cm.

Fragmentovani viekraki predmet, po ouvanim kracima i prelomima najverovatnije estokraki. Jedan

krak, ouvan u celosti, kupasto je oblikovan za zaobljenim vrhom kroz iji centar prolazi veoma mali
otvor vertiaklne perforacije. Taj krak je istovremeno
osovina predmeta, dok su preostala etiri kraka bila
postavljena horizontalno po sredini te ose, rasporeeni u krst. Od njih ouvan je jedan krak, iji se vrh
zavrava sa etiri roasta ispupenja. Izraen od gline sa dosta sitnog peska, spolja oker-narandaste
boje, na prelomu crne.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz 24. jun 1986. - u njivi naspram
peskare Pere Janoevia, prema kanalu
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: ouvane dimenzije: 3 x 3 x 2,5 cm.

119

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estokraki predmet izraen od gline dobre fakture sa primesom sasvim sitnog peska. Oker boje peenja. etiri manja kraka su krstasto rasporeeni u
istoj ravni, po sredini visine predmeta. Druga dva
kraka, koji zapravo ine osovinu predmeta, su veih
dimenzija i kroz njih je napravljen otvor pravougaonog preseka. Jedan od manjih krakova odlomljen.
Modelovani valjkasto sa zaravnjenim vrhom.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz na njivi pored peskare I; 06/06/1987.

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,4 cm.

Fragmentovani estokraki predmet izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom tucanog kamena. Sivo
oker boje spolja, na prelomu crne. Ouvana samo
dva kraka ali prelom ukazuje da su etiri manja kraka bili krstasto rasporeeni u istoj ravni, po sredini
visine predmeta, dok su druga dva kraka zapravo inila osovinu predmeta i kroz njih je napravljen otvor
gotovo pravougaonog preseka. Ouvan je jedan od
centralnih krakova sa otvorom, kao i jedan popreni krak, manjih dimenzija. Kraci su kratki, epastog
oblika, odnosno ivice su naglaene.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz 9. juna 2000. god
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Ouvane dimenzije 4 x 2,4 cm; R kraka 1,7 cm

Sedei amulet. Fragmentovani deo bi trebalo da

predstavlja ispruene noge, dok je vrh predstavljen
veoma stilizovano, pa se ne moe rei da li su u pitanju dve glave ili moda rogovi. Perforiran koso, od
lea ka osnovi. Izraen od gline sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija, sluajan nalaz

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VII/6
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; promer tela 3,0 x 2,0 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Jastuasti amulet. Po duini telo perforirano; srednje fakture, sa inijim peskom i malo tucanog kamena. Oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VII/7
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; promer tela 3,0 x 2,0 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

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PK 30

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Amulet u obliku bikonine posude sa rukom ili siskom, usmerenim na gore. Pri korenu te ruke urezan leb. Vrh fragmentovan, najverovatnije cilindrinog oblika. Perforiran po visini, sa tragovima uzica
na donjem otvoru. Izraen od gline dobre fakture,
uglaane povrine tamno sive boje.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VII/8
dimenzije: visina 3,6 cm; promer tela 5,1 x 3,8 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Amulet u obliku posude. Iz bikonine forme izdvajaju se bono dva dua, blago izvijena na gore kraka. Sa prednje i zadnje strane po jedan krai roasti
krak. U sredini gornjeg dela tela izvuen visok cilindrian krak/vrat. Dno zaobljeno, tako da nije mogao
samostalno da stoji. Gornji konus i koren sredinnjeg kraka ukraeni su urezanom cik-cak linijom, na
donjem konusu, ispod kraih krakova je urezan meandar. Srednje fakture, uglaane povrine oker-svetlo sive boje. Celom visinom perforiran. Po obodima
otvora vide se proirenja od provlaenja uzice.
uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija
publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VII/9
dimenzije: visina 7,1 cm; promer krakova 8,8 x 5,3 cm

Amulet u obliku izduene, bikonine posude sa vertikalno probuenim otvorom i tragom odlomljenog
kraka na prelomu konusa. Srednje fakture sa dosta peska otre granulacije. Oker-narandaste boje
povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VII/10
dimenzije: visina 6,4 cm; R tela 3,8 cm

Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela. Glina srednje fakture, sa veom koliinom peska, oker boje peenja.
Kratki roasti kraci, u ijem korenu se vide duboki useci od neke vrste uzice. Takvi useci su vidljivi i
u osnovi, oko otvora perforacije, kao i oko gornjeg
otvora.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,0 cm; debljina 2,4 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

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Dvokraki amulet trougaonog tela. Izraen od gline,

sa malo peska i sitno tucanim kamenom. Useci od
uzica javljaju se u korenu krakova, kao i kod donjeg
otvora perforacije

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,5 cm; debljina tela 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela, sa neto

duim, kupasto modelovanim kracima.izraen od
gliine srednje fakture, sa malo peska i sitno tucanog
kamena. Svetlo mrke boje povrine. Useci od uzica
viljivi u korenu krakova, kao i ko otvora u osnovi,
gde su usmereni ka bonim stranama. Osnova blago zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm; debljina tela 2,8 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet, jeziastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline loije fakture, sa dosta sitno tucanog kamena.
Oker boje povrine. U korenu ouvanog kraka, jedva
viljiv trag od uzica. Useci od provlaenja uzica vide
se na donjem otvoru perforacije. Osnova zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,0 cm; debljina tela 3,1 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvoraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela, sa kracima

postavljenim gotovo horizontalno u odnosu na telo.
Izraen od gline loe fakture, sa dosta sitno tucanog
kamena. Povrin veoma neravna i sasvim sumarno
priglaana. Oker boje peenja.useci od uzice vidljivi
samo po obodu gornje perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; debljina tela 3,1 R perforacije 0,5 cm

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Dvokraki amulet stubastog tela. Izraen od gline

srednje fakture, sa veom koliinom peska i tucanog kamena, oker boje peenja. Povrina neravna
i sumarno obraena zaglaavanjem. Useci od uzice
napravljeni u korenu fragmentovanog kraka, sa obe
strane tela i usmereni su ka donjem otvoru perforacije. Na njegovom obodu vide se useci od uzice. na
ouvanom kraku nalaze se dva uska udubljenja, koji
deluju kao predstava oiju (?). Dno blago zaobljeno.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; debljina tela 2,7cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Izraen

od gline ine fakture, polirane povrine, svetlo mrke
boje. Ne vide se tragovi od uzice, ve su obodi perforacija tek neznatno proireni, najverovatnije provlaenjem. Osnova ravna.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,4 cm; debljiina tela 2,9 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela. Izraen

od gline sa puno sitnije i krupnije tucanog kamena. Oker-narandaste boje povrine. Na oba otvora perforacije vide se useci od uzica. Osnova blago
zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,5 cm; debljina tela 2,6 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela. Izraen od gline

ine fakture, polirane povrine. Vide se tragovi bele
i crvene boje. Krai useci od uzice vide se u korenu
i oko krakova, kao i po obodima otvora. Dno blago
zaobljeno.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; debljina tela 2,2 cm;R perforacije 0,6 cm

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Dvokraki amulet trougaonog tela, male, zaobljene

osnove. Izraen od gline inije fakture, oker boje
peenja. Na pojedinim mestima vidi se da je povrina
bila uglaana, ali je vremenom prilino oteena i
prekrivena kalcinacijom.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,7 cm; debljina tela 2,7 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline srednje fakture, sa neto vie sitno peska otre
granulacije. Oker boje peenja. Kraci zavreni u vidu
stilizovane ivotinjske glave. Useci od uzica vidljivi
sa unutranje strane krakova, kao i na obodima
perforacija.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; debljina tela 1,9 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet stubastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline srednje fakture, sa sitno tucanim kamenom.
Narandasto-oker boje povrine. Kraci oblikovani u
vidu stilizovane ivotinjeske glave. Po dva paralelna
useka od uzice vidljivi sa unutranje strane krakova.
useci od uzice vide se i na obodima perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,9 cm; debljina tela 2,5 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet stubastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline srednje fakture, sa neto vie peska otre granulacije. Oker-sive boje povrine. Kraci modelovani
u obliku ivotinjskih glava. Nisu vidljivi useci od uzica, jedino je gornji otvor neto proiren.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,3cm; debljina tela 2,8 cm;R perforacije 0,5 cm

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Dvokraki amulet, pljosnatog i gotovo pravougaonog tela. Oker boje povrine. Kraci oblikovani u vidu
ivotinjskih glava. Izraen od gline sa dosta sitno tucanog kamena. Sa jedne strane nagoreo. Povrina je
bila zaglaana, ali je sada prilino oteena. Po telu
se ne vide tragovi od uzice, jedino se na obodima
perforacije primeuju mala proirenja. Nije mogao
da samostalno stoji.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,3 cm; debljina tela 1,8 cm; perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela. Kraci oblikovani u vidu ivotinjske glave. Oker boje peenja, izraen od gline srednje fakture, sa neto vie peska otre granulacije. Otvori centralne perforacije proireni provlaenjem neke vrste uzice, dok na telu takvih
tragova nema. Osnova blago zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; debljina tela 1,7cm;R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet stubastog oblika tela. Kraci modelovani u vidu ivotinjskih glava. Izraen od gline dobre fakture, sa neto malo sitno tucanog kamena.
Oker-narandaste boje peenja. Povrina tela bila
zaglaana. Useci od uzica nisu vidljivi po telu, jedino su otvori centralne perforacije neznatno proireni. Osnova blago zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; debljina tela 2,2 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet, pljosnatog i gotovo pravougaonog tela. Oker boje povrine. Kraci oblikovani u vidu
stilizovanih glava. Jedna glava predstavlja ivotinju
sa uima, dok druga nema ui, ve istaknuto teme i
nos (moda ptica). Izraen od gline srednje fakture,
sa sitno tucanim kamenom i peskom. Jedna strana
nagorela. Gornji otvor neznatno proiren provlaenjem uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; debljina tela 1,8 cm;R perforacije 0,3 cm

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Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline sa puno peska i neto sitno tucanog kamena.
Sivo - oker boje povrine. Vrhovi krakova, kao i povrina tela su veoma erodirali, ali se ipak zapaa da
su bili reljefno oblikovani, najverovatnije u vidu zoomorfnih protoma. Otvor centralne perforacije izuzetno irok i nastao je umetanjem ili nekih uih tapova ili debljih uzica.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; debljina tela 2,3cm; otvor perforacije 1,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Izraen je

od gline srednje fakture, sa manjom koliinom peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Povrina je svetlo mrke
boje, sa jedne strane nagorela. Bila je zaglaana.
Ouvani krak modelovan u obliku zoomorfne glave.
useci od uzica vidljivi sa unutranje strane krakova,
kao i po obodima otvora. Na osnovi, useci od uzica usmereni su ka bonim stranama. Osnova blago
zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; debljiina tela 1,7 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela. Izraen

od gline sa dosta peska otre granulacije. Okernarandaste boje povrine. Ouvani krak modelovan
u vidu zoomorfne glave. Plitki useci od uzice vidljivi
jedino po obodima otvora centralne perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,1 cm; debljina tela 2,2 cm; R perforacije 0,4/0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Osnova je

zaravnjena, tako da amulet moe samostalno da stoji. Izraen je od gline srednje fakture sa neto vie
sitno tucanog kamena. Oker boje povrine. Plii useci od uzica vidljivi jedino na obodima otvora.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm; debljina tela 2,0 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

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Fragment dvokrakog amuleta trougaonog oblika

tela. Svetlo oker boje povrine. Izraen od gline sa
puno peska i sitno mlevenog kamena.Donji otvor
proiren u pravcu bone strane, najverovatnije od
provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,7 cm; debljina tela 1,8 cm

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta, trougaonog oblika

tela. Izraen od gline sa dosta peska otre granulacije, oker boje peenja. Pljii usek od uzice vidljiv sa
unutranje strane kraka. Donji otvor perforacije proiren ka bonim stranama, najverovatnije provlaenjem uzice. Dno zaobljeno.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; debljina tela 2,2 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline loije fakture, sa puno peska i sitno mlevenog
kamena. Oker boje peenja. Plitki useci od uzica vidljivi sa unutranje strane kraka i kod gornjeg otvora.
Donji otvor proiren ka bonim stranama, najverovatnije od provlaenja uzice. Dno zaobljeno.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,0 cm; debljina tela 2,4 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika. Izraen od gline

dobre fakture, sa neto malo peska. Oker boje peenja. Povrina je bila zaglaana, ali je znatno erodirana i puna kalcinacije. Osnova zaobljena. Ne vide se
tragovi uzica.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; debljina tela 1,9 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

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Dvokraki amulet valjkastog oblika tela i zaobljene

osnove. Izraen od gline sa primesom peska i sitno
mlevenog kamena. Povrina sivo-oker boje. Sem veoma malih useka po obodu otvora perforacije, nema
drugih tragova od uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; debljina tela 1,7 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela, malih dimenzija. Izraen od gline sa neto malo peska i stino mlevenog kamena. Svetlomrko - siva boja povrine koja je bila zaglaana. Sem veoma malih useka
po obodu otvora perforacije, nema drugih tragova
od uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,5 cm; debljina tela 1,4 cm;R perforacije 0,2 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline dobre fakture, sa neto malo peska. Oker boje
peenja. Manja proirenja otvora usled provlaenja
neke uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,5 cm; debljina tela 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet stubastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline srednje fakture, sa neto vie peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Oker-narandaste boje povrine. U
korenu krakova vide se ulegnua nastala od uzice.
Oba otvora proirena od provlaenja neke uzice,
eventualno - vrlo tankih tapia.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 8,5 cm; debljina tela 2,4 cm; R perforacije 0,4 - 0,7 cm

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Dvokraki amulet, pljosnatog tela gotovo pravougaonog oblika. Izraen od gline loije fakture sa veom koliinom peska i tucanog kamena. Oker - narandaste boje povrine. Na oboddu donjeg otvora vide se manji useci od provlaenja neke uzice.
Jedna ira strana je oteena, tako da se vidi vertikalni kanal perforacije. On je pravilnog krunog preseka, te je najverovatnije napravlje tanjim, obraenim tapiem.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,3 cm; debljina tela 2,5 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet pljosnatog tela. Izraen od gline sa

dosta peska otre granulacije i sitno mlevenog kamena. Oker boje peenja. Na osnovi se vidi jedan
dublji leb, ne moe se pouzdano rei da li je nastao
udarcem ili trenjem od uzice. Useci od uzice vidljivi
na oba otvora.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; debljina tela 2,0 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet pljosnatog i jeziastog oblika tela:

Izraen od gline loije fakture, sa dosta peska i tucanog kamena. Povrina priglaana, sivo-oker boje.
Osnova zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,2 cm; debljina tela 2,0 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline srednje fakture, sa peskom. Oker boje povrine. U korenu ouvanog kraka, primeuju se plitki
lebovi, najverovatnije od neke uzice. Po obodu donjeg otvora jasno vidljive dublji useci od uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,9 cm; debljina tela 2,1 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

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Dvokraki amulet stubastog tela. Izraen od gline

loe fakture sa dosta tucanog kamena i neto peska. Narandasto-oker boje povrine, na jednoj strani nagoreo. Useci (plitki lebovi ) napravljeni su popreko, po sredini jednog kraka, kao i izmeu krakova
dijagonalno. Oba otvora su proirena provlaenjem
uzice ili provlaenjem nekih tankih tapia.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; debljina tela 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,4 - 0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet valjkastog tela i zaboljene osnove. Izraen od gline srednje fakture sa neto peska i
sitno tucanog kamena. Svetlo-mrke boje, na jednoj
strani nagoreo. Od gornjeg otvora, koso ka spoljanjem korenu kraka vidi se plitak leb, nastao najverovatnije od uzice. Obod gornjeg otvora ima manje
useke, dok su oni jae izraeni na donjem otvoru.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,9 cm; debljina tela 2,1 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline sa puno peska otre granulacije i sitno tucanim
kamenom. Oker-sive boje povrine. U korenu krakova vidi se krai leb od uzice, usmeren ka osnovi.
Oba otvora neznatno proirena provlaenjem uzice.
Osnova zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,0 cm; debljina tela 2,2 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, pljosnatog, gotovo

pravougaonog oblika tela. Izraen od gline sa dosta
peska i neto sitno tucanog kamena. Oker boje povrine. Po obodu donjeg otvora vide se manji useci
od uzice. Osnova zaobljena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,0 cm; debljina tela 2,1 cm; R perforacije

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Dvokraki amulet sa stilizovanim zoomorfnim vrhom

krakova. Izraen od gline loije fakture, sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Oker-narandaste boje
povrine. Useci od uzice primeuju se oko gornjeg
otvora i kraka, a usmereni su ka osnovi.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; debljina tela 2,3cm; dim. osnove 2,9 x 3,8 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet, valjkastog tela i zaobljene osnove.

Vrhovi krakova modelovani u vidu zoomorfne glave.
Izraen od gline srednje fakture, sa malo peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Povrina samo sumarno zaglaana. Svetlo mrke boje, na jednoj strani nagoreo. Ne
uoavaju se tragovi od uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,1 cm; debljina tela 2,2 cm; R perforacije 0,3/0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet sa zoomorfno modelovanim vrhom krakova. Izraen od gline srednje fakture, sa
mnjom koliinom inijg peska i sitno tucanim kamenom. Uglaana povrina. Oker boje peenja, ali
veim delom nagoreo. Sa unutranje strane jednog
kraka vidi se krai urez od uzice, usmeren ka osnovi.
Obodi otvora neznatno useeni od provlaenja uzice. Nije mogao samostalno da stoji.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; debljina tela 1,6 cm; R perforacije 0,3/0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet pljosnatog, gotovo pravougaonog oblika tela. Vrhovi krakova modelovani u vidu
stilizovane zoomorfne glave. Izraen od gline srednje fakture, sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena.
Oker/mrke boje povrine. Urezi od uzice vidljivi su
sa unutranje strane krakove, usmereni ka bonim
stranama. Centralni otvor proiren je provlaenjem
uzica. Osnova zaobljena, tako da ne moe samostalno da stoji.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,9 cm; debljina tela 1,8 cm cm; dim. otvora 0,4/0,7 cm

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Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Vrhovi krakova oblikovani u vidu ptije glave. Izraen od gline
srednje fakture, sa manjom koliinom inijeg peska i
neto malo sitno tucanog kamena. Oker boje povrine. Ne vide se tragovi od uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; debljina tela 2,1 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet minijaturnih dimenzija. Trougaonog

oblika tela, sa protomima u vidu stilizovanih zoomorfnih glava. Izraen od gline inije fakture, oker
boje peenja. U korenu krakova, sa unutranje strane vidljivi kratki useci od uzice, usmereni ka osnovi.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,4 cm; debljina tela 1,6 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet sa zoomorfnim protomima. Izraen

od gline sa dosta peska i malo sitno tucanog kamena. Narandasto-oker boja povrine. Na unutranjoj
strani ouvanog kraka vide se plitki useci od uzice.
Obodi otvora neznatno useeni.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,0 cm; debljina tela 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet, malih dimenzija. Kraci u vidu zoomorfnih protoma. Izraen od gline gline bolje fakture, sa manjom koliinom inijeg peska. Oker - sive
boje povrine. Useci od uzice vide se sa unutranje
strane ouvanog kraka, i usmereni su ka bonoj strani. Iz otvora na osnovi prostire se krai usek, ka istoj
bonoj strani.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,4 cm; debljina tela 1,9 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

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Mali dvokraki amulet. Ouvani krak modelovan u

vidu veoma stilizovanog zoomorfnog protoma.
Izraen od gline srednje fakture,sa manjom koliinom inijeg peska. Zaglaana povrina oker-sive
boje. Po obodu gornjeg otvora veoma mali useci od
provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,7 cm; debljina tela 1,5 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet malih dimenzija, sa vrhom krakova

u vidu zoomorfnih protoma. Izraen od gline sa veom koliinom inijeg peska. Crvenkasto-oker boje
povrine.U korenu krakova, sa unutranje strane
useci/urezi od tanke uzice. Po obodu donje perforacije vidljivi useci od provlaenja uzice. Zaobljena
osnova.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,2 cm; debljina tela 1,4 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet malih dimenzija, sa vrhom krakova u vidu veoma stilizovanih ornitomorfnih glava.
Izraen od gline srednje fakture sa neto malo peska i sitno mlevenog kamena. Oker boje povrine, sa
tragovima crvenog premaza (?). Donji otvor proiren
sa usecima po obodu.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,8 cm; debljiina tela 2,1 cm; R perforacije 0,4/0,7 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa puno peska i

tucanog kamena. Oker-narandaste boje povrine.
Ouvani krak modelovan je u vidu glave. Istie se
njuka/ kljun (?), ali je gornji deo glave fragmentovan pa se ne moe tano rei ta predstavlja

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,4 cm; debljina tela 1,6 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

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Dvokraki amulet trougaonog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline srednje fakture sa neto tucanog kamena i inijeg peska. Povrine oker boje, glaana. Tragovi uzica
vidljivi su sa unutranje strane korena krakova. Oba
otvora proirena provlaenjem uzica. Ne moe samostalno da stoji.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; debljina tela 1,7 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline izmeane sa peskom i sitno tucanim kamenom. Boja povrine je
crvenkasto-narandasta, a sa jedne strane tamno
mrka/crna usled nagorelosti. Vrhovi krakova zaravnjeni. Na donjem otvoru jasno vidljiva proirenja od provlaenja uzice, dok su na gornjem jedva
primetni.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,5 cm; debljina tela 2,4 cm; R perforacije 0,7 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline izmeane sa sitno

mlevenim kamenom i manjom koliinom inijeg peska. Povrina priglaana, oker - crvenkaste boje povrine. Ne moe se sa sigurnou rei da li se radi o
tragovima crvenog premaza. Tanki useci od uzice
vidljivi sa unutranje strane krakova, usmereni ka
bonim stranama. Na donjem otvoru jasno vidljivo
proirenje i uska linija nastala od uzice. Ne moe samostalno da stoji.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,7 cm; debljina tela 2,0 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline dobre fakture sa

neto malo inijeg peska. Povrina je oker boje, uglaana. Urezi za uzice vidljivi sa unutranje strane krakova, usmereni ka bonim stranama. Obod donjeg
otvora proiren od provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,0 cm; debljina tela 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

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Dvokraki amulet kupastog tela. Izraen og gline

srednje fakture sa malo peska i sitno mlevenog kamena. Oker boje peenja, mestimino crne i crvene
od izloenosti vatri. U korenu jednog kraka vidi se
kratak urez, usmeren ka osnovi. Na obodu donjeg
otvora, usek nastao od provlaenja uzice, na istoj
strani na kojoj se nalazi i gornji usek.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm; debljina tela 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet kupastog tela. Vrh ouvanog kraka

je fragmentovan, ali se na prelomu vidi da je imao
dva roasta dodatka. U korenu kraka, sa unutranje
strane, vidi se plitak urez, nastao od uzice. Obod donjeg otvora neznatno useen usecima od provlaenja uzice. Vrh kraka nagoreo, kao i jedna strana amuleta. Izraen od gline srednje fakture, izmeane sa
sitno mlevenim kamenom, oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; R osnove 2,6 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet kupastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gliine loije fakture, sa dosta sitno tucanog kamena.
Oker boje povrine, sa delimino oivanim ostacima
crvenog premaza. Oba otvora perforacije proirena
provlaenjem uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; R osnove 2,2 cm; R perforacije 0,3/0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet stubastog tela. Svetlo oker boje povrine, uglaane, sa vertikalnim tragovima od povlaenja alatke. Useci od provlaenja uzice vidljivi po
obodu otvora. Izraen od gline izmeane sa sitno
mlevenim kamenom.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,4 cm;

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Dvokraki amulet kupastog tela. Izraen od gline izmeane sa sitno mlevenim kamenom, oker boje peenja. Obod gornjeg otvora proiren provlaenjem
uzice, dok se na osnovi vidi usek nastao od uzice, od
otvora ka bonom kraku.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; promer osnove 2,5 x 3 cm; R perforacije 0,3/0,4 cm

Fragmentovni dvokraki amulet, trougaonog tela.

Izraen od gline sa puno tucanog kamena, oker
boje povrine. Donji otvor neznatno proiren od
provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer osnove 2,2 x 2 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziestog oblika. Dobro peena

glina, izmeana sa peskom i sitno tucanim kamenom. Svetlo oker boje. Po obodima otvora, na donjem vie primetno nego na gornjem, vide se useci
od provlaenja uzica.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,3 cm; debljina tela 4,2 x 3,6 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet stubastog tela. Svetlo mrke boje

povrine, izraen od gline izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom. Cela povrina amulet ukraena je
urezanim linijama i ubodima, koji su po svemu sudei rasporeeni tako, da imaju neki drugi smisao
od isto dekorativnog. Obe bone strane ukraene
su isto: dve vertikalne linije koje se od korena kraka sputaju do horizontalne linije koja opasuje ceo
amulet. Vertikalno urezane linije vide se i na jednoj iroj strani, zajedno sa vertikalnim nizom uboda. Druga ira strana ima ubode koji formiraju oval.
Ubodima je ukraena i povrina oko gornjeg otvora i krakova. Obod donjeg otvora neznatno proiren
usecima od uzice.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,7 cm; promer tela 1,8 x 1,3 cm cm; R perforacije 0,2 cm

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Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela. Izraen od

gline izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom. Okernarandaste boje povrine. Na donjem otvoru se primeuju sitni useci, najverovatnije od neke uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; promer tela 3,3 x 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika tela. Izraen od gline izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom. Oker boje
povrine. Na jednoj iroj strani tela, vide se kosi urezi
ispod oba kraka, kao i blie osnovi. Najverovatnije se
radi o usecima od uzice. Neznatna proirenja od provlaenja uzice, vide se i na otvorima perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,8 cm; promer tela 1,4 x 1,6 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, veoma oteene

povrine. Izraen od gline izmeane sa dosta sitno
tucanog kamena. Na prelomu crn, spolja oker-narandaste boje. U obodu donjeg otvora vide se useci, najverovatnije od provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm; debljina tela 2,7 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika, malih dimenzija. Izraen od gline sa dosta peska otre granulacije i neto sitno tucanog kamena. Oker boje peenja.
Donja osnova zaravnjena. Na obodu donjeg otvora
neznatna proirenja, najverovatnije od uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm; promer tela 1,6 x 2,1 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet jeziastog oblika

tela. Izraen od gline izmeane sa dosta peska i neto sitno tucanog kamena. Oker-narandaste boje
povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer tela 1,6 x 3,0 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet jeziasto oblika tela. Izraen od gline inije fakture, sa veoma malom koliinom peska.
Narandaste boje povrine, koja je veoma oteena.
Zbog toga nije mogue govoriti o urezima od uzica,
iako se vide neke kose linije koje bi mogle biti takvi
tragovi.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; promer tela 3,8 x 2,4 cm; R perforacije 0,6 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, trougaonog oblika

tela. Izraen od gline sa dosta peska i tucanog kamena. Svetlomrko-narandaste boje povrine, na
prelomu crne. Na obodima oba otvora vide se useci
od provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; promer tela 3,5 x 2,1 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet veoma slian prethodnom, kako po

izgledu, veliini, tako i po fakturi. Na prelomu se vidi
da je pored centralne, bilo jo dve ue perforacije,
ali ne celom visinom tela. Osnova zaravnjena. Obod
donjeg otvora proiren, usled provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer tela 3,2 x 2,3 cm

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Gornja polovina tela dvokrakog amuleta. Telo je bilo

poljosnato i ukraeno urezanim ornamentom, sada
vidljivim samo u tragovima. Izraen od gline sa sitno tucanim kamenom i peskom. Oker boje povrine.
Obod gornjeg otvora proiren provlaenjem uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,7 cm; debljina tela 1,7 cm

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta. Ouvana donja polovina. Izraen od gline sa puno peska i neto sitno tucanog kamena. Oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,3 cm; 3,2 x 2,4 cm promer tela; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Sedei amulet. Jedna polovina glave fragmentovana, ali se na ouvanom delu vidi istaknuti nos/ kljun
i zaobljena glava. Oko vrata, koso ka sredini izmeu nogu i potom do donjeg otvora, prostire se linija,
koja je nastala usecanjem uzice. Izraen od gline sa
dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Oker-sive boje
povrine.Otvori se nalaze kao kod svih sedeih amuleta, na osnovi i na leima iza glave.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; irina 2,8 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Sedei amulet. Izraen od gline sa malo peska i sitno

tucanog kamena. Oker boje peenja. Otvori perforacije na grbi i u osnovi.Obodi otvora neznatno proireni od provlaenja uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; irina 2,6 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

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Sedei amulet. Izraen od gline sa malo peska.

Svetlo oker boje peenja. Na donjem otvoru se vidi
trag od uzice koji ide izmeu nogu i koso ka glavi.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,2 cm; irina 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,3 cm

Amulet u obliku posude, sa koso izvuenim, izduenim jeziastim drkama.

Jedna fragmentovana. Izraen od gline
dobre fakture, sa sitnim peskom. Crnooker boje povrine. Perforacija izvedena
kroz sredinu posude i cilindrinog vrata.
Na ouvanoj drci vidi se kratak urez, najverovatnije od uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; irina 6,5 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Amulet u obliku posude. Bikonina, uskog, zaobljenog dna. Na jednom ramenu ouvana koso postavljena drka/ sisak (?), krunog preseka. Na drugom
ramenu fragmentovana u osnovi, ali sudei po ostacima, mnogo kraa poput bradaviastog ispupenja. Preko ouvane drke usek od uzice, koji je usmeren ka osnovi i otvoru perforacije. Fragmentovan
gornji deo posude, najverovatnije cilindrini. Izraen od gline dobre fakture, sa malo peska. Oker boje
peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,1 cm; irina 5,5 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Amulet u obliku posude sa drkom / siskom (?). Bikonina, nedostaje gornji deo. Oko ouvanog dela drke usek od uzice koji ide ka osnovi i otvoru. Na donjem otvoru jasno vidljivi tragovi od provlaenja
uzice. Izraen od gline srednje fakture, sa peskom i
sitno tucanim kamenom. Oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,4 cm; irina 4,7 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

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Amulet u obliku posude sa drkom / siskom (?).

Bikonina, nedostaje gornji deo. Vrh drke / siska je
takoe fragmentovan. Izraen od gline sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Vertikalno perforiran
kroz sredite tela. Na donjem otvoru vidljivi useci
od provlaenja uzice. Krai urez od uzice vidljiv i oko
drke / siska. Narandaste boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 2,9 cm (sa rekonstruisanim delom); irina 3,5 x 3 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Fragmentovani amulet u obliku bikonine posude

sa drkom / siskom. Vertikalno perforiran kroz sredinu tela. Izraen od gliine sa sitno tucanim kamenom
i neto malo peska. Svetlo oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,1 cm; irina 4,1 x 3cm

Amulet bikoninog oblika sa viim cilindrinim vratom. Jedan deo trbuha fragmentovan, tako da se ne
moe sa sigurnou rei da li je imao drku / sisak.
Vertikalno perforiran kroz sredinu tela. Na oba otvora perforacije vidljivi useci i proirenja od provlaenja uzice. Izraen od gline srednje fakture, izmeane
sa manjom koliinom peska i sitno tucanog kamena.
Oker-narandaste boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,7 cm; irina 2,5 cm; R otvora 0,3/0,5 cm

Predmet bikoninog oblika, sa viim cilindrinim vratom. Vertikalno perforiran kroz centar tela. Izraen
od gline srednje fakture, izmeane sa manjom koliinom peska i sitno tucanim kamenom. Narandaste
boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; R 4,4 cm; R otvora 0,6 cm

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Amulet jastuastog oblika. Vertikalno perforiran

kroz sredinu uih strana. Na jednoj iroj strani, prostirui se od jednog otvora ka drugom, utisnuta su
dva paralelna niza kratkih, lunih linija.Izgledaju kao
da su nastali utiskivanjem nokta. Izraen od gline izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom i neto manje
peska. Narandaste boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; irina 4,0 x 2,5 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Amulet jastuastog oblika. Vertikalno perforiran

kroz sredinu uih strana.Izraen od gline srednje
fakture sa dosta sitno tucanog kamena. Premazan
narandasto-crvenim slipom.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm; irina 2,4 x 1,2 cm; R otvora 0,3 cm

estokraki predmet, dijagonalno perforiran kroz

sredite. Oko jednog otvora vide se vrlo jasno urezi nastali namotavnanjem uzice. Izraen od gline
sa dosta peska i neto sitno tucanog kamena. Okernarandaste boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: promer 5,2 x 5,5 x 4,8 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Osmokraki predmet, vertikalno perforiran kroz sredite sastava krakova. Kraci formirani u vidu epastih aplikacija, proirene ivice. Dublji urezi (lebovi), vidljivi su od otvora niz due strane predmeta,
do otvora na suprotnoj strani. Na jednoj strani vidljivi tragovi crvenog premaza. Izraen od gline loije
fakture, sa dosta tucanog kamena i peska. Oker-sive
boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,8 cm; irina tela 3,3 cm; R otvora 0,7 cm

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estokraki predmet, perforiran kroz centralni krak/

osovinu. Kraci razliitih oblika. Centralni krak kroz
koji je izvedena perforacija ima zaravnjene krajeve,
neznatno proirenih ivica. Kraci krstasto rasporeeni po sredini visine centralnog kraka, su zapravo dva
naspramna kraka sa veoma proirenim ivicama radi
namotavanja, i dva ispupenja koja su sluila kao
graninici. Izraen od gline sa malo tucanog kamena. Narandaste boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,2 x 3,9 cm; R otvora 0,4 cm

Petokraki predmet, sa centralnom osom i tri radijalno rasporeena kraka po sredini visine te ose. Pukao
prilikom peenja. Oker boje povrine. Izraen od
gline izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom i malo
peska.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,4 cm; r otvora 0,5 cm

estokraki predmet, perforiran dijagonalno kroz sredite spajanja krakova. Oko otvora vide se useci od
provlaenja uzice. Izraen od gline srednje fakture,
sa sitno tucanim kamenom i malo peska. Oker boje
povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: promer 4,3 x 4,0 cm; R otvora 0,4 cm

estokraki predmet, perforiran kroz centralni krak/

osovinu. Osovina/centralni krak, veeg prenika od
poprenih, i proirenih ivica. Popreni kraci rasporeeni krstasto po sredini visine osovine. Oko njih se
vide useci od namotavanja uzice. Otvori centralne
perforacije proireni, provlaenjem uzice. Izraen
od gline sa puno peska.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,4 cm; irina poprenih kraka 5,0 x 5,2 cm; R otvora 0,7 cm

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Petokraki predmet, sa centralnim krakom/osovinom

neznatno izvijenom i tri poprena kraka radijalno
rasporeena na sredini visine ose. Oko poprenih
krakova, kao i oko jednog otvora perforacije, vidljivi useci od provlaenja uzice. Izraen od gline bolje
fakture, sa malo peska. Povrina glaana, oker boje
povrine, na jednom delu nagoreo.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,4 cm

estokraki predmet, sa perforacijom kroz centralni

krak/osovinu. etiri poprena kraka krstasto rasporeena po sredini visine te ose. Po obodima otvora
vidljivi useci od provlaenja uzice. Izraen od gline
sa puno peska otre granulacije, oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,2 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

estokraki predmet, sa perforacijom kroz centralni

krak/osovinu. etiri poprena kraka krstasto rasporeena po sredini visine te ose. Po obodima otvora,
kao i oko poprenih krakova, vidljivi useci od provlaenja uzice. Izraen od gline sa malo tucanog kamena, oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,6 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Fragmentovani amulet. Ouvan deo loptastog tela

i jedan epasti krak kroz koji je izvedena perforacija. Na telu se vidi koren jo jednog kraka, koji je
fragmentovan. Najverovatnije se radi o trokrakom
amuletu. Izraen od gline izmeane sa puno peska
otre granulacije i tucanim kamenom. Oker boje povrine, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm; irina 3,0 cm

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Fragmentovani viekraki predmet. Na polovini visine centralne osovine, kroz koju je izvedena perforacija, krstasto rasporeena etiri kraka. Jedan dui i
neznatno izvijen na gore, ostala tri kraa, priblino
iste duine. Izraen od gline izmeane sa puno peska otre granulacije i sitno tucanim kamenom. Oker
boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,1 cm; irina poprenih kraka 6,4 x 5,8 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Fragmentovani trokraki amulet. Bikoninog

oblika tela sa cilindrinim vratom, sa dva
roasta kraka blago usmerena na gore, postavljena naspramno na ramenima. Na sredinjem delu izmeu dva kraka, sa obe strane predmeta, neznatno naglaeno epasto
ispupenje. Predmet vertikalno perforiran
kroz centralni krak i telo. Obod donjeg otvora
proiren provlaenjem uzice. Izraen od gline sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,6 cm; irina poprenih kraka 4,5 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Fragmentovani viekraki predmet. Na polovini visine centralne osovine, kroz koju je izvedena perforacija, krstasto rasporeena etiri kraka. Jedan dui i
neznatno izvijen na gore, ostala tri kraa, priblino
iste duine. Izraen od gline izmeane sa peskom i
sitno tucanim kamenom. Svetlo mrke boje povrine,
sa tragovima crvenog premaza.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,1 cm; irina poprenih kraka 3,2 x 3,0 cm; perforacije 0,4 cm

Krstoliki amulet. Telo pljosnato sa izrazitim ispupenjem u gornjem delu, gde su na bonim stranama
horizontalno postavljena dva kraa kraka. Amulet
vertikalno perforiran kroz sredinu tela. Tragovi crvene boje. Oker boja povrine, izraen od gline izmeane sa peskom i sitno tucanim kamenom.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; irina poprenih kraka 6,1 cm

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Fragmentovan, kurotrofni amulet. Perforiran celom

visinom tela. Izraen od gline izmeane sa puno
peska i sitno tucanim kamenom. Oker-sive boje
povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,4 cm; irina poprenih kraka 5.0 cm; promer tela 2,3 cm; R perforacije 0,5 cm

Fragmentovani antropomorfni amulet,

mogue kurotrofni. Perforacija izvedena
od vrha lea ka centru osnove. Izraen
od gline izmeane sa puno sitno tucanog kamena i peska. Oker-narandaste
boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm; irina poprenih krakova 4,0 cm; promer tela 1,6 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

Fragmentovani antropomorfni amulet. Pljosnatog

tela, sa jednim ouvanim patrljkom neznatno podignutim na gore. U korenu tog patrljka, krai lebovi od uzice. Perforiran celom visinom tela. Izraen
od gline izmeane sa manjom koliinom peska i
sitno tucanim kamenom. Oker-narandaste boje
povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,9 cm; irina sa poprenim krakom 3,6 cm; debljina tela 1,6 cm

Fragmentovani antropomorfni amulet, krstastog

oblika tela. Ouvan jedan patrljak, sa ije gornje strane se vidi plii leb, najverovatnije od uzice.. Osnova
kruna, zaobljena tako da nije mogao samostalno
da stoji. Izraen od gline izmeane sa malo peska
i sitno tucanim kamenom. Oker-narandaste boje
povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; irina poprenih kraka 3,8 cm; Debljina tela 1,7 cm; R perforacije 0,4 cm

9202

CARinA

Catalogue

9203

CARinA

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PK 1

CARinA

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170

PK 2

CARinA

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kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa primesom peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Jeziastog oblika tela,
sa dva kraa kraka kupasto modelovana. Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova. Na donjem obodu vidljiva polukruna proirenja. Izmeu korena
jednog kraka i gornjeg otvora vidi se leb koji se
koso sputa ka donjem otvoru. Na suprotnoj strani
tela, od donjeg otvora koso se prua drugi leb.

uslovi nalaza: zbirka Ozrena Radosavljevia, poklon

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,5 cm; promer osnove 2 x 1,7 cm; promer tela ispod krakova 3 x 2,2 cm; promer krakova 4,5 cm

U potpunosti ouvan mali dvokraki amulet. Telo

pljosnato, sa zaobljenom osnovom ovalnog preseka. Kraka sa protomima na vrhu. Izmeu krakova,
telo po vertikalni perforirano. Izraen od gline sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Oker-narandaste
boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: zbirka Ozrena Radosavljevia, poklon

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,8 cm; promer tela 2,7 x 1,6 cm; promer krakova 3,8 cm

Antropomorfna statueta u funkciji amuleta, krstolikog oblika, na leima sa grbom; glava stilizovana sa
predstavljenim nosom i uima u obliku roia: Oi
urezane, segmentne. Figurina koso probuena; dobre fakture, uglaane tamnomrke povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/1
dimenzije: visina 6 cm

Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela, sa ouvanim krakom oblikovanim u vidu stilizovane ivotinjske glave. Uglaane povrine, crvene i sivkaste boje.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/2
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm

147

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CARinA

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PK 5

CARinA

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PK 6

CARinA

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kat. br.
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148

Amulet loptastog tela sa dva mala bona kraka dok

je trei izvuen u sredini pri vrhu, cilindrinog oblika,
nepotpuno ouvan. Telo je ukraeno trostrukom spiralnom linijom, i meandroidnim urezima; uglaane,
crvenosmee povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/3
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm

Amulet slian prethodnom, sa razvuenim skoro horizontalno postavljenim kracima bono. U gornjem
delu sa prelomom cilindrinog kraka. Uglaane, mrkocrvene povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/4
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm

Mali viekraki amulet, sa tri radijalno rasporeena

kraka aplicirana horizontalno na centralnu osu tela.
Zaglaane mrkosmee povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/5
dimenzije: visina 3,4 cm

Sedei amulet sa zoomorfnom glavom. Detalji

na glavi izvedeni tipanjem presdstava oiju ili
uiju.Grba na leima vertikalno probuena: Dobre
fakture, zaglaane, crvenosmee povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/6
dimenzije: visina 6,8 cm

PK 7

CARinA

Catalogue

PK 8

CARinA

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PK 23

CARinA

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9349

CeRoviCA

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kat. br.
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Sedei amulet sa uskim stubastim vratom. Glava

je predstavljena sa malim kljunastim nosom koji je
izveden tipanjem. Noge - patrljci, isprueni u osovini tela; telo probueno ukoso, otvor prolazi pri korenu grbe na leima i zavrava se izmeu patrljaka s
prednje strane. Zaglaane mrkocrvene povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/7
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela. Ouvani krak modelovan u vidu ivotinjske glave. Uglaane, crvenosmee povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/8
dimenzije: visina 3,4 cm

Viekraki amulet, valjkastog oblika tela na kojem su

tri horizontalno postavljena i radijalno rasporeena
kraka. Gornji otvor perforacije postavljn van centra,
gotovo uz ivicu zaravnjene gornje povrine. Malog
prenika. Donji otvor u centru osnove. Vidljiv jedan
dublji boni usek od uzice. Priglaane povrine, srednje fakture sa neto inijeg peska. Oker boje peenja,
na jednoj strani intenzivinije narandaste.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija Srdomira Juga

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/8
dimenzije: H=5,6cm; R osnove= 2,6 cm

Fragment ornitomorfnog amuleta. Sauvana je uzduna polovina. Na vrhu bone strane u celosti ouvan mali krak. Na vrhu sredinjeg dela amuleta, nalazio se trei krak. Na prelomu se vidi trag vertikalne
perforacije. Cela povrina erodirana, sa sivim i crnim
mrljama od gorenja. Sivo-oker boje peenja. Izraen
od gline sa malom primesom peska i sitno tucanog
kamena.

uslovi nalaza:
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm; ouvani R osnove 2,8 cm

149

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CeRoviCA

Vina Amulets

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CeRoviCA

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9352

CeRoviCA

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9510

CeRoviCA

kat. br.
183

kat. br.
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150

Fragment viekrakog predmeta. Ouvani fragmet

predstavlja jednu uzdunu polovinu tela. Napravljen
od dobro preiene gline, oker boje peenja. Po
obodu otvora polukruna udubljenja, najverovatnije od neke vrste uzice. Jedan plii leb u vidu zareza, nalazi se i u korenu jednog od dva fragmentovana kraka.

uslovi nalaza:
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Ouvana visina 4,2 cm; irina 3,2 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela,

izraen od gline dobre fakture. Oker boje peenja
spolja i iznutra. Tragovi crvene boje, kao posledica
sekundarnog gorenja. Na ouvanom kraku, vidi se
da je vrh zaravnjen, ali se na ivicama uoavaju dva
mala plastina ispupenja. Na prelomu vidljiv ostatak vertikalne perforacije.

uslovi nalaza:
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 8,3 cm; promer ouvane polovine osnove 4 x 4,2 cm

Fragmentovani amulet, najverovatnije u obliku ljudske igure. Od gline izmeane sa malom koliinom
peska, narandaste boje. Ouvana je jedna uzduna
polovina tela kalemastog izleda. Na samom vrhu, po
sredini izmeu krakova, vidi se polukruan ostatak
preloma, na osnovu ega se moe pretpostaviti da je
postojao trei krak, odnosno vrat ili glava. Na prelomu se vidi iroki vertikalni leb, koso probuen od
vrha ka osnovi. Cela povrina prilino erodirana, sa
nizom manjih oteenja.

uslovi nalaza:
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,9 cm; R osnove 2,5 cm; irina kod kraka 4cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

dobre fakture sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena. Narandaste boje povrine. Jedna strana tela fragmentovana, kao i jedan krak. Na prelomu vidljiv
vertikalni leb od perforacije. U korenu ouvanog
kraka vidi se dublji leb, a isti takvi lebovi prisutni
su i na osnovi, oko otvora.

uslovi nalaza: Zbirka Svetislava Gvozdenovia, poklon

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; promer osnove 3 x 2,3 cm; duina kraka 1,4 cm

9511

CeRoviCA

Catalogue

PK 9

CeRoviCA

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PK 10

CeRoviCA

kat. br.
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PK 11

CeRoviCA

kat. br.
187

kat. br.
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Fragmentovani amulet, najverovatnije dvokraki. Na

prelomu vidljiv iroki leb od veritaklne peroforacije. Na jednom kraju predmeta, u visini otvora, vidi se
malo ispupenje iza kojeg je zakoena uglaana povrina. S obzirom da je cela povrina predmeta znatno erodirana, moe se zakljuiti da je tu postojao
stari prelom. Izraen od gline sa malom koliinom
peska, oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Zbirka Svetislava Gvozdenovia, poklon

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; ouvani promer preseka tela 2,7 cm

Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela. Kraci modelovani

u vidu ivotinjskih protoma. Uglaane povrine, sive
boje.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/2
dimenzije: H= 6,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela. Sa prednje strane

ima poluloptasto ispupenje izmeu krakova. Dobre
fakture, mrkosive boje, hrapave povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/3
dimenzije: H= 5,7 cm

Donji deo sedeeg amuleta. Kratke roaste noge

napred ispruene. Dobre fakture, uglaane crvenosmee povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/4
dimenzije: H= 3,5 cm

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Vina Amulets

PK 13

CeRoviCA

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PK 14

CeRoviCA

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PK 20

CeRoviCA

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kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela. Kraci se zavravaju

stilizovanom ivotinjskom glavom. Na obodu i gornje i donje perforacije vidljivi useci od uzice. Sa unutranje strane krakova, nalaze se useci sa krajevima
usmerenim ka donjoj stajnoj povrini. Glaane povrine, srednje fakture sa neto inog peska i malo sitno tucanog kamena. Oker boje, sa zonama crvenonarandaste (premaz?).

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/6
dimenzije: H= 5,8 cm R osnove = 2,5 cm raspon krakova =5,9 cm

U celosti ouvan dvokraki amulet stubastog tela.

Kraci kupasto modelovani. Obodi gornje i donje
perforacije neznatno proireni, da li od uzice ili od
duple vezivne niti. Srednje fakture sa puno tucanog
kamena, narandasto crvene boje.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/7
dimenzije: H= 6cm; R osnove= 2,3 cm; raspon krakova= 4 cm

Predmet sa est krakova: tri u istoj ravni - horizontalno postavljeni, dva izmeu postavljena koso i neto
nie. esti krak je centralni krak postavljen vertikalno u odnosu na ostale i u sreditu njihovog sastava, ali je sauvana samo njegova osnova, on je u celosti fragmentovan. Kroz njega napravljena kruna
perforacija. Kraci su epastog izgleda. Srednje ine
fakture, oker-ute boje peenja. povrina neznatno
zaglaana.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna kolekcija Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: . Joanovi, 1990; T VI/10
dimenzije: R= 5,3 cm; H= 2,9 cm

Trokraki amulet, krukolikog tela sa jednim ouvanim krakom kupasto modelovanim. Drugi boni
krak fragmentovan, kao i centralni, koji se nalazi u
sreditu izmeu dva krak na gornjoj strani, kao vrat.
Na gornjem delu se vide dva otvora, dok je u osnovi jedan otvor, ali nepravilnog izduenog oblika, sa
bonim usecima od neke vrste uzice. Crno peen
iznutra, spolja oker boje. Srednje fakture sa dosta sitnog, ali peska otre granulacije. Zaglaane povrine.
na ramenu ouvanog kraka duboki pravilan leb,
sa krajevima usmerenim ka osnovi amuleta.
uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srdomira Juga
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H= 4,9 cm; R osnove= 1,9 cm; irina tela ispod krakova=3,5 cm

PK 21

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PK 25

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PK 26

CeRoviCA

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kat. br.
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Fragmentovani viekraki amulet. Na centralnoj osovini valjkastog oblika, horizontalno postavljena tri
kraka, radijalno rasporeena. Kroz sredite napravljen kruni otvor. Na donjem se vide useci od uzice.
Srednje fakture sa neto inog peska i sitno tucanog
kamena. Oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srdomira Juga

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H=4,8 cm; R osnove 2cm

U celosti ouvan trokraki amulet. Kupastog tela,

sa dva bona kraka, dok je trei centralni, odnosno predstavlja stilizovanu glavu, ovalnog preseka, zaravnjene gornje povrine. Kroz sredite centralnog kraka i telo napravljen otvor, ireg prenika. Narandaste boje peenja, sa dosta tucanog
kamena.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H= 7cm; R osnove=2,9cm; Obim glae 2,7 x 1,7cm; raspon krakova 7,1cm

U celosti ouvan dvokraki amulet, sa kracima stilizovanim u vidu ivotinjskih ili ptijih glava. Kroz sredite tela napravljena perforacija pravilnog krunog
oblika. Nema tragova uzica. Oker boje peenja, srednje fakture sa neto sitno tucanog kamena.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H=5,4cm; R osnove= 2,4cm; raspon krakova = 7 cm

Gotovo u celosti ouvan sedei amulet, stilizovanog

najverovatnije ivotinjskog odnosno ptijeg oblika. Gornji kraj se zavrava malom glavom, delimino fragmentovanom. Telo ukraeno urezima, paralelnim lunim linijama. Sedei deo ukraen koncentrinim krugom. Otvor napravljen pod kosim uglom,
na gornjem delu lea iza glave i donjim u sreditu
osnove. Na donjem se vide boni useci, moda od
uzice. Srednje fakture sa dosta tucanog kamena, narandaste boje.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H= 5,7cm; promer osnove 4,7 x 2,9cm

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Vina Amulets

PK 28

CeRoviCA

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PK 29

CeRoviCA

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9522

CeRoviCA

kat. br.
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kat. br.
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154

Mali dvokraki amulet, u celosti ouvan. Kraci kratki, kupasto modelovani. Telo stubasto, zaravnjene krune osnove. Srednje fakture, svetlo oker boje
peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H=4,2cm; R osnove 2,5cm; raspon krakova 4 cm

Dvokraki amulet, jeziastog tipa. Telo zaobljeno, sa

dva kratka kraka, vrhova stilizovanih u vodi ivotinjskih glava. Osnov zaobljena, a kroz centar tela prolazi otvor, malog prenika. Na donjoj strani vide se
useci od uzice. Od unutranje strane levog kraka, ka
spoljnoj strani tela, urezan dublji luni leb. Srednje
fakture, sivo-crne boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H=5,3 cm; Promer tela =3,4 x 4,4cm; raspon krakova 5,6cm

Predmet bikoninog oblika, izgleda perle. Celom

duinom tela napravljen otvor, krunog preseka.
Srednje fakture sa dosta tucanog kamena, narandaste boje.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srete Gvozdenovia

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H= 5,7cm; R na sredini 3,5 cm

Fragmentovani amulet, moda trokraki ili u obliku

posude sa siskom. Ouvan je deo bikoninog tela, na
ijem vrhu je visoki cilindrini vrat. Na ramenu ouvan kratak krak, luno izvijen na gore. Telo perforirano kroz sredinu, a pored centralne perforacije izvedena jo jedna znatno manja na obodu vrata. Ta manja perforacija ide u dubinu oko 1,5 cm. Neposredno
ispod vrata, na delu gde je ouvan krak, nalazi se trei otvor. On nije prohodan, ali se na prelomu uoava u istoj liniji otvor istih razmera. Oko unutranjeg
dela kraka nalazi se dublji leb. Izraen od gline izmeane sa sitnim peskom. Dobre fakture, oker boje
peenja, sa tragovima crvenog premaza.
uslovi nalaza: rekognosciranje 2008. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,4 cm; promer tela 4,9 x 3,9 cm; R vrata 1,9 cm

9516

OLAKOVA
VODENICA

Catalogue

9521

OLAKOVA
VODENICA

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PK 22

IBERLAND

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9506

KANAL MESI

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kat. br.
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Trokraki amulet. Krukasto telo sa dva, naspramno

postavljena horizontalna kraka krunog preseka.
Trei krak nalazi se na vrhu gornje strane, u sredini.
Istog je oblika i kroz njega izvedena vertikalna perforacija celom visinom predmeta. Od gline sa primesom peska, oker-narandaste boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Bez podataka o uslovima nalaza

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; irina kod krakova 5,4 cm; najvea irina tela 2,9 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela.

Ouvan jedan krak, srednje duine. Premda ima
puno kalcinacije, moe se pretpostaviti da je vrh
bio modelovan u vidu stilizovane ivotinjske glave.
Oko podnoja krakova urezani kosi lebovi. Osnova
ovalne. perforiran kroz sredinu tela, vidljivim usecima oko otvora. Izraen od gline izmeane sa inijim
peskom, dobro peen. Svetlo mrke boje, jednim delom nagoreo.

uslovi nalaza:
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: asas

Mali dvokraki amulet, zdepastog tipa tela. Ouvani

krak veoma kratak i modelovan kao stilizovana ivotinjska glava. Telo ukraeno urezima sa prednje strane - paralelne i uglaste linije, izgleda kao da je meandar, ali je povrina puno erodirala. Oba otvora perforacije proireni usecima od uzica. Narandaste boje
peenja, sa neto inog peska. Srednja faktura.

uslovi nalaza: Privatna zbirka Srdomira Juga

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H= 4,1 cm; R osnove 3,2 cm

Fragment amuleta u obliku ptice. Ouvan zadnji deo

tela sa neznatno na gore, izvuenim kupastim repom. Na prelomu vidljiv vertikalni leb veeg prenika. Po njegovom obodu na gornjoj strani (leima), tri kraa leba koja se sputaju ka perforaciji.
Od gline izmeane sa malom koliinom peska, oker
boje peenja. Povrina znatno erodirana.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 4,5 x 3,3 cm; visina 3,1 cm

155

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KREMENJAK

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Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline, grube fakture sa

primesom peska. Crveno peen spolja, na prelomu
crne boje. Povrina sumarno priglaana. Celom duinom amulet perforiran, a otvor izveden blie zadnjoj, zaravnjenoj strani. U osnovi oba kraka, jedva
vidljiv lebovi koji se prostiru sa unutranje strane
(kod otvora) ka spoljnim. Na obodu gornjeg i donjeg
otvora vide se popreni useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 7,5 cm/ R osnove 3,3 x 3,7 cm/ raspon krakova 6,4 cm/ R perforacije 0,5 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, izraen od gline inije fakture, sa primesom sitnog peska, priglaane
povrine. Valjkasto telo, kraci srednje duine kupasto oblikovani. Celom duinom po sredini amulet
perforiran. Od otvora izmeu krakova, a prostirui se
ka ispupenojoj - prednjoj strani, uoljiv malo dublji
leb. Usled fragmentovanosti nije mogue odrediti
kojom duinom se prostirao na prednjoj strani tela.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,2 cm/ R osnove 2,8 x 2,5 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline inije fakture, sa

primesom vrlo inog peska. Povrina zaglaana sa
tankim premazom crvenkasto-oker boje. Telo kratko, ovalnog preseka. Kraci kratki, kupasto modelovani. U osnovi jednog kraka napravljena dva dublja
ureza - leba, koji se prostiru od sredine unutranje strane kraka (kod otvora) ka njegovim spoljnim.
Amulet perforiran vertikalno izmeu krakova. Na
obodu oba otvora vide se popreni useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano;
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm/ R osnove 3 x 2,5 cm/ raspon krakova 4,8 cm/ R otvora 0,6 cm

Dvokraki amulet napravljen od gline srednje fakture

sa primesom sitnog peska. Povrina zaglaana, neujednaene boje peenja od crvenkasto-oker do
sivo-mrke na zadnjoj strani. Kratko stubasto telo,
nepravilnog ovalnog preseka iz kojeg se na uim
stranama koso izdvajaju dva kratka kraka, gotovo
etvrtastog preseka i zaravnjenih vrhova. U osnovi
jednog kraka dublji urez koji se prostire od unutranje ka spoljnim stranama kraka. Amulet vertikalno
perforiran.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm/ promer osnove 3,1 x 2,5 cm/ promer otvora 0,8 cm / raspon krakova 5 cm

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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline inije fakture sa primesom sitnog peska. Oker boje peenja. Stubasto telo nepravilno krunog preseka, na
gornjem delu se zavrava u vidu dva kraka krunog
preseka i zaravnjenih vrhova. Izmeu krakova telo
vertikalno perforirano pravilnim krunim otvorom.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,5 cm / raspon krakova 6 cm / promer osnove 2,7 x 2,5 cm / R otvora 0,4 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Neujednaene,
sivo-oker boje peenja. Telo stubasto, krunog preseka. Kraci srednje duine, kupasto oblikovani.
Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu donjeg otvora popreni useci usmereni ka kracima. Od oboda gornjeg otvora ka sredini irih strana
tela plii lebovi.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,7 cm/ visina tela 4,1 cm/ R osnove 2,3 cm/ R otvora 0,4 mm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline inije fakture sa

primesom peska. Oker boje peenja. Telo stubasto,
krunog preseka, dok je sama osnova zaobljena
tako da predmet ne moe samostalno da stoji. Na
gornjem kraju kupasto modelovana dva dua kraka.
Izmeu krakova predmet vertikalno perforiran. Na
obodu otvora popreni useci. Otvor kruan i postavljen uz zakoenu - prednju stranu.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,5 cm/ visina tela 4,8 cm/ R osnove 1,9 cm/ R 0,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa

primesom sitnog peska. Neujednaene boje peenja, od crne do mrko-sive i oker. Povrina priglaana.
Telo stubasto, ovalnog preseka sa ravnom osnovom.
Na vrhu izvuena dva kraa kraka nejednake debljine i duine, kupasto modelovana. Izmeu krakova
predmet celom visinom perforiran. Na obodu oba
otvora popreni useci. Predmet ouvan u celosti.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm/ visina tela 4,7 cm/ promer osnove 3,3 x 2,2 cm/ raspon krakova 5,2 cm R otvora 0,4 cm

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kat. br.
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158

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa

dosta peska. Oker - narandaste boje peenja, priglaane povrine. Stubasto telo ovalnog preseka,
ravne osnove. U sredini izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Od oboda gornjeg otvora protee se koso ka bonoj strani kratak leb. Na obodima oba otvora popreni useci. Predmet ouvan u
celosti.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F.Milleker; st.inv. br. 221

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,9 cm/ visina tela 3,7 cm/ promer osnove 3 x 2,2 cm/ raspon krakova 5,4 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline ine fakture. Svetlo

oker boje peenja. Telo stubasto, nepravilnog krunog preseka. Osnova ravna. Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova, a kod gornjeg otvora primetna dva kratka i plitka leba - ureza koji se prostiru od
otvora ka ispupenoj strani tela. Na obodu oba otvora vide se popreni useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F.Milleker; st.inv. Br. 195

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3/ visina tela 3,7 cm/ promer osnove 1,8 cm/ raspon krakova 5,8 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

inije fakture sa primesom peska. Boja peenja neujednaena, oker sivo. Povrina priglaana. Telo
stubasto krunog preseka. U osnovi kraka, sa unutranje strane, dublji leb koji se prostire ka spoljnim stranama kraka. Telo sa jedne strane ispupeno, a sa druge zaravnjeno. U sredini, izmeu krakova, telo vertikalno perforirano. Na oba oboda otvora
popreni useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,3 cm; R osnove 2,9 cm; raspon krakova 6,2 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline inije fakture. Oker boje

peenja, na zadnjoj strani nagoreo, dok se na prednjoj, ispupenoj strani vide ostaci vrlo tankog sloja crvene boje.
Prednja strana amuleta ispupena, dok je zadnja zaravnjena i na njoj pre peenja tankim linijama urezan znak u
vidu latininog slova x . Na prednjoj - ispupenoj strani
tela urezan znak, jedva vidljivim paralelnim linijama, koji
se usled oteenosti ne vidi u celosti. Vrh kraka reljefan
tako da izgleda kao da je oblikovan u vidu vrlo stilizovanog ivotinjskog protoma. U osnovi kraka, a sa njegove
unutranje strane, sa prednje i zadnje strane tela amuleta urezani kosi zarezi. Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu
krakova. Na oba oboda otvora popreni useci.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,7 cm/ visina tela 4,1 cm/ R osnove 2,5 cm/ raspon krakova 5,2 cm/ R otvora 0,5 cm

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Dvokraki amulet, izraen od gline inije fakture

sa sitnim tucanim kamenom. Oker boje peenja,
sa jedne strane delimino nagoreo. Cela povrina
ukraena tankim, ali dublje urezanim pravim i uglastim linijama. Izmeu kraka telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodima oba otvora poprena polkruna
proirenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: H 6,3 cm; H tela 4,5 cm; raspon krakova 5,4 cm; osnova 2,3 x 3,0 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline inije fakture sa primesom sitnio tucanog kamena. Oker boje peenja.
Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Otvor
na vrhu nepravilnog, ovalnog preseka, na dnu krunog. Na obodima otvora jasno uoljiva proirenja
polukrunog oblika. Sa prednje strane telo ukraeno paralelnim, plitko urezanim linijama koje formiraju ornament u vidu latininog slova X. Na zadnjoj
strani tri kratke, vertikalne, paralelno urezane linije i
tri kratke koso urezane paralelne linije. U osnovi levog kraka gledano sa prednje strane, na unutranjoj
strani duboki urez - leb koji se prostire i ka prednjoj
i ka zadnjoj strani tela amuleta.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,0 cm; H tela 5,8 cm; raspon krakova 5,7 cm; osnova 3,4 x 3,6 cm; R otvora 0,7 cm

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta, raen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom sitno tucanog kamena.
Neujednaene crvenkaste i mrke boje peenja. Telo
ornamentisano sa jedne strane urezanim motivom
uglastog meandra, dok se na drugoj strani uoava
pet paralelnih, koso urezanih linija. Izmeu krakova
telo vertikalno perforirano. U osnovi ouvanog kraka sa unutranje strane urezana linija - plitak leb,
koji se prostire i ka prednjoj i ka zadnjoj strani tela.
Na obodu gornjeg otvora polukruno proirenje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,0 cm/ visina tela 5,5 cm/ R osnove 2,3 cm/ raspon krakova 5,2 cm

Dvokraki amulet izraen od gline srednje fakture sa

puno peska otre granulacije. Crvene boje povrine.
Kraci u vidu ivotinjskih protoma. Jedna glava usmerena na gore, druga u stranu. Na obe strane tela urezane prave linije koje od osnove vode do vrha svakog kraka, kao i u sredini do prostora izmeu krakova. Telo vertikalno perforirano. Na donjem obodu
otvora jasno uoljiva poprena, polukruna proirenja ili useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,9 cm/ visina tela 3,6 cm/ raspon krakova 5,6 cm/ R osnove 1,1 cm

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Amulet stubastog tela sa dva kratka kraka u vidu ivotinjskih protoma. Raen od gline srednje fakture. Oker boje peenja, sa jedne strane nagoreo. Na
telu jasno vidljivi potezi modelovanja. ivotinjske
glave okrenute na suprotne strane, a na njima su jasno uoljive ui dok su njuke tek jedva naznaene.
Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova. Otvori
proireni naknadnim umetanjem nekog predmeta
(uzice).

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F. Milleker; stari inv. br. 289
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,0 cm/ visina tela 3,5 cm/ promer osnove 2,7 x 2,2 cm/ raspon krakova 5,4 cm/ R otvora 0,5 cm

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta, raen od gline srednje fakture sa dosta peska. Crvenkasto-mrke boje
peenja, na jednoj strani nagoreo. Krak u vidu ivotinjskog protoma. Glava okrenuta na gore. Telo
perforirano vertikalno izmeu krakova. Na gornjem
obodu otvora, vidljivi popreni useci nastali nakon
peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F.Milleker; stari inv. br. 371
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: ouvana visina 4,9 cm/ ouvana visina tela 3,4 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline

inije fakture sa peskom. Svetlo oker boje peenja,
povrina zaglaana. Kraci nejednakih dimenzija.
Ouvani krak je pljosnat i sudei po osnovi fragmentovanog kraka, manji. U osnovi fragmentovanog
kraka, sa unutranje strane, dva gotovo paralelna
plitka ureza koji se prostoru ka spoljnim stranama.
Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova. Na obodima oba otvora popreni useci nastali nakon peenja. Jedna strana blago nagorela.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F.Milleker; stari inv. br. 195
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5 cm; visina tela 4,1 cm/ R osnove 3 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet raen od gline srednje fakture sa puno peska. Crvenkaste boje, na prelomu crne. Jedan krak delimino nagoreo. Kraci kupasto modelovani, a vrh jednog fragmentovan. Po
sredini vrha drugog kraka dublji urez, koji se sputa
u oba smera ka bonoj strani i tu ukrta. Takvi ukrteni urezi vidljivi i ispod drugog kraka. Telo vertikalno
perforirano izmeu krakova. Na obodu donjeg otvora vidljivi popreni useci nastali nakon peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; nabavio F.Milleker; stari inv. br. 196
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm/ visina tela 3,7 cm/ raspona krakova 5,3 cm/ R osnove 1,5 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet raen od gline inije fakture. Oker boje peenja. Ouvani krak je dugaak, ovalnog preseka a na samom vrhu nalazi se
udubljenje. U osnovi oba kraka urezana po jedna linija, koja se prostire ka prednjoj i zadnjoj strani tela.
Telo izmeu krakova perforirano vertikalno. Na obodu oba otvora vidljivi useci nastali nakon peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Naeno prilikom kontrole zemljanih radova

1957. godine na izradi kanala DTD
publikacija: Nepublikovano

125
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dimenzije: visina 9,4 cm/ visina tela 6,4 cm/ R osnove 3,3 cm/ R otvora 0,8 cm

kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet raen od ino preiene gline.

Oker boje peenja, neznatno nagoreo na jednoj
strani. Jedan krak kupasto modelovan, dok je drugi
na vrhu koso zaravnjen ka unutranjoj strani. Kako je
povrina celog amuleta prilino erodirala, ne moe
se rei sa sigurnou da li je vrh ovog kraka fragmentovan ili je bio u obliku protoma. Telo vertikalno perforirano izmeu krakova.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova

na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano

126
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dimenzije: visina 6,6 cm/ visina tela 4,8 cm/ R osnove 1, 8 cm/ raspon krakova 6,5 cm R otvora 0,6 cm

kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet, izraen od gline inije fakture sa

sitnim zrncima peska. Oker boje peenja, na pojedinim mestima vidljivi tragovi premaza. Telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu donjeg otvora vidljiva polukruna proirenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova

na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano

127
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dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm/ visina tela 4,2 cm/ raspon krakova 6,9 cm/ R osnove 2,1 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

kat. br.
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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od gline inije fakture sa primesom sitnog peska. Oker boje peenja. Na pojedinim delovima vidljivi ostaci tankog
premaza crvenom bojom. U osnovi jednog kraka
dve koso urezana leba, usmereni ka vrhu i ka osnovi amuleta. Vertikalno perforiran. Na obodima oba
otvora popreni useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova

na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7cm; visina tela 5,4 cm; raspon krakova 6,6 cm; osnova 3,4 x 2,5 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

161

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kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet. Od gline srednje fakture sa primesom

peska. Neujednaene boje peenja, oker - sivo, mat povrine. U korenu oba kraka urezani dublji lebovi. Jedan
od krakova obuhvaen je irom i duboko lebljenom linijom, koja se sputa ukoso i na bonu stranu tela. Pri
korenu drugog kraka takoe se nalazi leb, ali se on ne
prostire na bonu stranu. Telo vertikalno perforirano. Na
gornjem kraju postoje dva spojena otvora, napravljena
predmetom pravilnog krunog preseka, a jedan od otvora nije perforiran do kraja. Na svakom popreni useci. Na
donjem delu - u osnovi, otvor je jedinstven, a na njegovom obodu vide se popreni kratki lebovi - kao otisci
od vrpce.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova
na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano

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dimenzije: visina 7,1 cm/ visina tela 4,9 cm/ raspon krakova 6,3 cm/ osnov 3,5 x 2,8 cm/ R gornjih otvora 0,4 cm + 0,4 cm; R donjeg otvora 0,8 x 0,4 cm

kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet, od gline srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Vrh ouvanog kraka je neznatno oteen,
ali se mogu uoiti neka ispupenja tako da je mogue da se radi o kraku modelovanom u vidu protoma. U korenu tog kraka, sa unutranje strane, urezan
plii leb koji se iri ka prednjoj i zadnjoj strani tela.
Otvor na gornjem delu nalazi se blie fragmentovanom kraku, i oko njega radijalno rasporeeni kratki
zarezi. Na obodima oba otvora popreni useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova

na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano

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dimenzije: visina 6,6 cm/ visina tela 5,2 cm/ R osnove 3,3 cm/ raspon krakova 6,1 cm/ R otvora 0,5 cm

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kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet. Izraen od dobro preiene gline. Tamno crvenkasto-mrke boje peenja sa vrlo
tankom prevlakom crvene boje. U osnovi oba kraka
vide se uski lebovi koji se prostiru od unutranjih ka
spoljnim stranama i zavravaju ispod osnove kraka
na bonim stranam tela. Telo perforirano vertikalno,
a na obodu donjeg otvora vide se dva kratka leba
usmerena ka bonim stranama.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz; Milleker; stari inv. br. 118

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,9 cm/ visina tela 4,1 cm/ promer osnove 1,9 x 2,1 cm

Dvokraki amulet. Kratko telo, ovalne osnove. Od gline sa primesom peska, tamno sive boje peenja sa
tankom prevlakom oker boje, delimino nagoreo. U
osnovi kraka urezan uski leb koji se prostire ka bonoj strani tela. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu gornjeg otvora nekoliko urezanih zareza. Na obodu donjeg otvora dva naspramna,
poprena useka usmerena ka bonim stranama.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz; Milleker; stari inv. br. 193

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,1 cm/ visina tela 2,4 cm/ raspon krakova 5,4 cm/ promer osnove 3,2 x 2,5 cm/ R otvora 0,3 cm

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kat. br.
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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet. Telo stubasto, krunog preseka. Izmeu krakova, telo perforirano vertikalno. Premda je povrina veoma erodirana, na
osnovu ouvanog kraka, moe se zakljuiti da je
vrh bio formiran u vidu stilizovane ivotinjske glave.
Izraen od gline izmeane sa inim, sitnim peskom.
Oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz R. Raajskog tokom kontrole

kinete na kanalu DTD 1957
publikacija: Nepublikovano

133
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dimenzije: visina 4,4cm; R osnove 2 cm

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,6 cm; H tela 6,3 cm; raspon krakova 6,6 cm; osnova 3,3 x 3,7 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet, izraen od gline sa

sitnim zrncima peska, oker boje peenja. Povrina
prilino erodirala, pa su sve oteene povrine veoma glatke. Izmeu krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodima oba otvora popreni useci.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; Milleker; stari inv. br. 325

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm/ visina tela 3,8 cm/ promer tela 3,7 x 2,7 cm/ R otvora 0,5 cm

inv. br.

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uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz; Milleker; stari inv. br. 218

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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izraen od nedovoljno preiene gline, sa dosta peska, priglaane
povrine. Tragovi sekundarnog gorenja. Telo stubasto, nepravilnog krunog preseka. Na ouvanom
kraku, krunog preseka, vrh je reljefno modelovan.
Usled slabe ouvanosti nije mogue precizno odrediti oblik, ali se najverovatnije radi o stilizovanoj glavi ivotinje. Na gornjem delu tela, na prednjoj strani,
reljefno modelovano bradaviasto ispupenje.Telo
izmeu krakova vertikalno perforirano.

kat. br.
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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet. Izmeu krakova,

telo perforirano vertikalno. Po obodu proirenja
usmerena ka irim stranama tela. Oker boje peenja,
od gline dobre fakture sa malo peska.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F.Milekera bez bliih podataka

publikacija: F.Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938
dimenzije: Ouvana visina 3 cm; R tela 2,3 cm

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kat. br.
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kat. br.
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164

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov inv. br. 329

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938
dimenzije: visina 4,2; promer tela 2,6 x 2,2 cm

Fragmentovani amulet, najverovatnije antropomorfnog izgleda. U korenu kraka, sa gornje strane uoava leb. Sudei po prelomu, na vrhu sredinjeg dela
takoe je bio krak, ili glava. Na prelomu se vidi polukruno udubljenje od vertikalne perforacije. Na ouvanom delu donjeg otvora vide se kratki lebovi po
obodu. Od gline dobre fakture sa malo peska. Okernarandaste boje.

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov inv. br. 329

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; promer tela 3 x 2,4 cm

Fragmentovani amulet. Na vrhu bone strane koso

postavljen kratak, valjkast krak, zaravnjenog vrha.
U sredinjem delu tela, na vrhu, takoe je postojao krak ili eventualno glava. Oko kraka leb koji
se ukrata na bonoj strani. Na prelomu vidljiv leb
vertikalne perforacije, koja je prolazila kroz sredinji
krak. Od gline sa malom koliinom peska. Sivo oker
boje.

uslovi nalaza: Stari Milekerov inv. br. 321

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938
dimenzije: 4,3 x 5,6 x 3,1 cm

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Fragmentovani amulet, sa ouvanim horizontalno

postavljenim krakom. Na vrhu sredinjeg dela tela
je, sudei po ostacima preloma, bio jo jedan krak ili
glava. Od gline sa malom koliinom peska, oker boje
peenja. Sa obe strane tela, kao i sa donje strane kraka, tamno sive mrlje od sekundarnog gorenja.

Fragment jedne vertikalne polovine tela i jednog

kraka amuleta. Izraen od gline sa dosta sitnog peska. Spolja oker-crvene boje peenja a na prelomu
crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Millekera; stari inv. br. 338

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm/ irina 2,6 x 2,9 cm/ visina tela 2,2 cm/ R otvora 0,5 cm

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kat. br.
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Fragment dvokrakog amuleta izraenog od gline izmeane sa peskom. Oker - narandaste boje.
Ouvan gornji deo sa jednim krakom. Na prelomu
vidljiv leb od vertikalne perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz R. Raajskog tokom kontrole

kinete na kanalu DTD 1957
publikacija: Nepublikovano

141
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dimenzije: 4 x 2,3 cm

kat. br.
242

Postojea rekonstrukcija, napravljena je kao identina polovina sauvanog dela. Postoji mogunost
da je deo koji nedostaje, zapravo bio u obliku ptice, odnosno ptije glave i vrata, a da ouvani deo
predstavlja rep. Izraen od gline izmeane sa sitno
tucanim kamenom.Oker-narandaste boje peenja,
na jednom delu intenzivno crvene kao posledica sekundarnog gorenja. Telo vertikalno perforirano kroz
centar tela. Perforacija je veeg prenika i pravilnog
krunog oblika.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz R.Raajskog tokom kontrole
kinete na kanalu DTD 1.1.1957
publikacija: Nepublikovano

142
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dimenzije: asas

143
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kat. br.
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Fragmentovani viekraki predmet nepravilnog krukolikog oblika, sa etiri roasta ispupenja, aplicirana horizontalno blie donjem, irem delu tela.
Ispupenja se razlikuju po veliini, pa su tako naspramne istog promera. Dva manja su sauvana u
celosti, dok je jedno vee fragmentovano u osnovi, a
od drugog je sauvan jedan manji deo. Na gornjem
kraju - nepravilnog krunog oblika i manjeg promera od donjeg, jedna ivica neznatno isturena po horizontali. Predmet celom duinom perforiran. Na
obodu donjeg otvora vide se useci, najverovatnije
od neke vrste uzice. Srednje fakture sa dosta peska.
Narandaste boje peenja, na prelomu crne. Na jednom delu vidljiv premaz crvenom bojom.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,3 cm/ promer gornje osnove 3 x 2,6 cm/ promer donje osnove 3,8 x 3,1 cm/ irina kod dva kraa ouvana kraka 6,3 cm/ R otvora 0,7 cm

Fragmentovani viekraki, krukastog oblika tela. Na

donjem - trbuastom delu tela aplicirane etiri bradaviaste drke ili ispupenja, rasporedjene krstatsto. Sve su fragmentovane. Na gornjem kraju plastino modelovana etiri lepezasta ispupenja, od toga
dva oteena. Od gline sa malo peska, oker boje peenja. Na jednom delu nagoreo. Predmet je perforiran sa gornje i donje strane, ali centralni deo tog
otvora nije prohodan. Na obodu i gornjeg i donjeg
otvora vidjivi useci napravljeni najverovatnije od
neke uzice.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,4 cm/ R donje osnove 2,5 cm/ irina na bradaviastim ispupenjima 4,9 cm/ R otvora 0,6 cm

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kat. br.
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publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;

dimenzije: 6,8 x 5,6 x 3,9 cm

Amulet u obliku ptice - ornitomorfne posude. Og gline izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom i peskom.
Na prelomu crno peena, spolja oker, sa tragovima
sekundarnog gorenja. Telo bikonino modelovano.
Na jednoj bonoj strani modelovana glava sa naglaenim kljunom i ubom, dok je na suprotnoj konino oblikovani rep. Sredinji deo gornje polovine tela
je takoe kupasto uzdignut i delimino fragmentovan. Donja strana tela je zaravnjena. Kroz centralni
deo tela napravljena vertikalna perforacija krunog
oblika.
uslovi nalaza: Zatitna iskopavanja 1957.g. sonda II, kv. 1b, I o.s.; rel.dubina 0,36m; u istom kvadratu nadjena kotana glaaica (dnevnik iskopavanja)
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: irina 8,1 cm; visina 4,6 cm; R trbuha 4,1 cm

Amulet - predmet pljosnatog trougaonog oblika sa

perforacijom u sredini. Oko otvora perforacije vide
se kratki lebovi, koji nagovetavaju da je bila vezivana neka vrsta vrpce. lebovi su napravljeni i oko
svakog ugla. Od gline sa primesom tucanog kamena, sivo oker boje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 2864
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: debljina 1,1 cm; irina strane 2,8 cm

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166

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz prilikom kontrole zemljanih radova

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Amulet nalik ornitomorfnim posudama. Og gline izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom i peskom, sivomrke boje peenja. Centralni deo tela je loptastog
oblika, iz kojeg su bono izvueni i stanjeni delovi:
jedan je oblikovan u vidu stilizovane ptije glave, na
kojoj se izdvaja kljun i uba. Drugi delimino fragmentovan. Iz centralnog dela, po vertikali na gornjoj i donjoj strani dodata je masa, oblikovana kao
zarubljena kupa. Kroz njih, kao i kroz centar tela naprvljena je perforacija. Gornji deo je fragmentovan,
dok se na donjem na obodu otvora vide udubljenja
od neke vrste uzice. Izmeu gornjeg kraka i bonih
proirenja nalazi se plitak leb.

Predmet krukolikog oblika sa naglaenim konusom. Od gline sa primesom sitno tucanog kamena
i peska, oker boje peenja. Kroz sredite vrata i tela
napravljena vertikalna perforacija.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 414
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 5,5 cm; R tela 4,7 cm

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Predmet sa vie krakova izraen od gline sa primesom sitno tucanog kamena i peska, oker boje peenja. Stubaste forme, ravnog elipsoidnog dna. Na otprilike polovini visine aplicirani ornamenti ili kraci,
koji su svi fragmentovani tako da se ne moe utvrditi njihov prvobitni oblik. Vertikalno perforiran.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 837
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 4,1 cm; irina tela 3,8 cm

Izvedena rekonstrukcija nije zasnovana na pouzdanim podacima. Telo jajastog oblika. Gornja strana ili vrh, fragmentovan. Bone strane imaju aplicirane delove. Jedan je fragmentovan, dok drugi ima
oblik stilizovane ptije glave (?). Povrina je dosta
erodirala, ali se uoavaju tanke, paralelne kose linije,
rasporeene u poljima koja se meusobno ukrtaju. Amulet vertikalno perforiran. Na obodu donjeg
otvora proirenja od neke vrste uzice. Od gline sa
primesom sitno tucanog kamena i peska, svetlo-mrke boje, sa premazom oker boje.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 735
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; irina 7,3 cm; R tela 4,7 cm

Izvedena rekonstrukcija nije zasnovana na pouzdanim podacima. Mogue je da deo koji nedostaje ima
izgled ptijeg repa. Fragment amuleta u obliku ptice/ ornitomorfne posude. Ouvana glava i deo tela.
Na glavi se izdvajaju kljun i uba. Sa jedne strane
glave, od vrha ka osnovi tela urezan kosi plitak leb.
Ulegnue od neke vrste uzice vidljivo je i iza vrata.
Gornji deo tela je fragmentovan, a ostaci ukazuju da
je bio ispupen. Na obodu donjeg otvora perforacije vidljiva ulegnua/ useci od neke vrste uzice. Od
gline izmeane sa peskom, oker boje peenja spolja,
na prelomu crne.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 206
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 3,8 cm; ouvana duina 3,8 cm; irina tela 3,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet stubastog tela, sa kracima u vidu

ivotinjskih protoma. Glave njukama okrenuta na
gore, ali na suprotne strane. Izradjen od gline dobre
fakture, sa neznatnom primesom peska. Oker boje
peenja, tragovi crvenog premaza. Na jednoj strani
nagoreo. Izmedju krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Ispod jednog kraka, a na bonoj strani tela, koso
urezane dve paralelne, kratke i prave linije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 212

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 6,1 cm/ visina tela 4,6 cm/ raspon krakova 5,7 cm/ R osnove 2,8 cm/ R otvora 0,6 cm

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Dvokraki amulet sa vrlo niskim, telom i dugakim

kracima, iji je kraj oblikovan u vidu ivotinjskog
protoma. Izradjeno od gline loe fakture sa dosta
krupnijeg peska. Crvenkastomrke boje peenja. U
korenu kraka vidi se plitak leb koji ide sa unutranje strane kraka i sputa se koso ka spoljnoj strani tela. Na protomu ui oteene. Telo vertikalno
perforirano. Ouvana samo jedna polovina, druga
rekonstruisana.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br. 217

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,0 cm/ visina tela 2,6 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

Viekraki predmet izradjen od dobro preiene

gline. Oker boje peenja spolja. Telo kratko, krune
osnove od koje se postepeno iri ka vrhu gde se rava u etiri koso, radijalno postavljena kraka. Na jednom, u celosti ouvanom kraku vidi se da je modelovan u vidu ivotinjskog protoma. Telo vertikalno
perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br. 219

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,0 cm/ visina tela 2,9 cm/ R osnove 2 cm; R otvora 0,4 cm/ raspon krakova 5 cm

Predmet sa vie krakova, oblika bikonine posude sa niskim cilindrinim vratom. Na gornjem delu
tela krstasto rasporeena etiri kupasta ispupenja.
Telo vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu donjeg otvora vide se useci od neke vrste uzice. Od gline izmeane sa peskom i sitno tucanim kamenom, oker boje
peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br. 996

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,7 cm

Valjkasti predmet sa etiri mala kupasta kraka, krstasto rasporeena na obodu gornje strane. Sredinji
deo vrha fragmentovan i ukazuje da je bio ispupen.
Povrina bogato ukraena duboko urezanim uglastim linijama. Ukraen je i vrh, kao i kraci dok je donja strana bez ukrasa. Telo vertikalno perforirano.
Po obodu donjeg otvora, koji nije centriran, vidljivi
useci od neke vrste uzice. od gline oker boje peenja, izmeane sa peskom i sitno tucanim kamenom.
Delimino nagoreo.

uslovi nalaza: nepoznati uslovi nalaza; stari inv. br. 420

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 5,4 cm; R tela 4 cm, raspon krakova 7,8 cm

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Amulet u obliku posude sferinog recipijenta sa dugakim cilindrinim vratom. Na jednoj bonoj strani kupasto modelovan krak fragmentovanog vrha.
Druga bona strana je delimino fragmentovana,
pa se ne moe pouzdano utvrditi ta se tu nalazilo. Predmet je vertikalno perforiran, a po obodima
oba otvora jasno se vide duboki useci od neke vrste uzice. Od gline izmeane sa peskom, oker boje
peenja.

uslovi nalaza: nepoznati uslovi nalaza; stari inv. br. 133

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 7,1 cm; promer tela 4,3 x 5,7 cm

Amulet krukastog oblika sa visokim cilindrinim

vratom i dva kraka na bonim stranama. Oba kraka fragmentovana. Oko vie ouvanog kraka, vidi se
plitak leb. Telo vertikalno perforirano kroz centar.
Na obodu donjeg otvora jasno vidljivi useci od neke
vrste uzice. Od gline izmeane sa krupnije tucanim
kamenom, narandasto oker boje peenja spolja, na
prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: nepoznati uslovi nalaza; stari inv. br. 131

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; promer tela 2,3 x 4 cm

Fragmentovani predmet izradjen od dobro preiene gline, oker boje peenja. Ouvan deo stubastog tela na kojem su, na polovini ukupne visine, horizontalno postavljeni patrljci epastog oblika. Vrh
tela zaravnjen a ivica nepravilno oblikovana. Usled
erodiranosti nije mogue preciznije deinisati oblik.
Sa jedne strane valjkastog vrha, vide se vertikalno
urezana dva paralelna plitka leba, a po jedan takav
leb vidi se i na ostalim stranama vrha. Telo sa jedne strane u potpunosti zaravnjeno, dok se sa druge
strane vide naznake ispupenosti. Izvrena rekonstrukcija od gipsa ograniava mogunost preciznijeg opisa. Predmet vertikalno perforiran, a otvor ima
ovalni oblik.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br.130
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,8 cm/ raspon krakova 4,6 cm/ R tela 2 cm/ R otvora 0,5 cm

Predmet izradjen od gline dobre fakture sa primesom peska. Oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu
sive, premaz crvenom bojom. Telo valjkasto, na jednom kraju se rava u etiri kraka. Kod korena ouvanih krakova vide se plitko urezani uski lebovi.
Izmedju krakova nalazi se otvor vertikalne perforacije, kod ijeg je oboda popreno urezan jo jedan
krai leb. Oko otvora perforacije useci od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,7 cm/ visina tela 4,9 cm/ R osnove 3,2 cm/ R otvora 6 cm/ raspon krakova 4,9 cm

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inv. br.

164

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publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer tela 4,4 x 5,4 cm

estokraki predmet izradjen od gline sa dosta peska. Crvenkasto-sive boje, delimino nagoreo. Kraci
su krstasto rasporedjeni - etiri u istoj ravni, dva popreko. Ouvani kraci su nejednake duine. Predmet
je perforiran dijagonalno u odnosu na pravac prostiranja krakova.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Ouvane visine: 4,9/4,2/4,1 cm R centra = 2,8 cm

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uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz prilikom kontrole zemljanih radova; prema obeleavanju DTD kanala na 27 km i 950 m

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Amulet nepravilnog loptastog tela. Na dve naspramne strane nalaze se plastine aplikacije, koje su
sada veim delom fragmentovane tako da se ne
moe pouzdano rei kakvog su bile oblika.Vrh je
takoe fragmentovan. Telo vertikalno perforirano,
a na donjem obodu otvora jasno se vide useci od
neke vrste uzice. Crne boje peenja, spolja oker. Od
gline sa primesom peska.

estokraki predmet izradjen od gline dobre fakture

sa primesom sasvim sitnog peska. Oker boje peenja, delimino nagoreo. Kraci su krstasto rasporeeni etiri u istoj ravni, dva popreko. Predmet je perforiran dijagonalno u odnosu na pravac prostiranja
krakova.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina ouvanih krakova 6,7 cm/ R centra 3,2 cm/ R kraka 1,5 cm

Amulet u obliku ljudske igure. Izraen od gline sa

primesom peska , oker boje peenja. Na jednom
delu crna leka od nagorevanja. Kraci koso postavljeni na bonim stranama. Oni su zaobljenog vrha i
premda je povrina prilino erodirana, vidi se da su
bili ukraeni urezima, tako da moda predstavljaju
i ivotinjske protome. Na vrhu u sredinjem delu,
izmeu krakova nalazi se jo jedan krak/predstava
glave (?). Kroz glavu i telo napravljena vertikalna
perforacija. Telo ukraeno ornamentom u vidu meandra. Jedan dublji, kosi i kratki urez napravljen ispod gornjeg kraka. Po obodu donjeg otvora jasno
vidljivi useci od neke vrste uzice.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F.Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 135
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 5,9 cm; promer krakova 7 cm; promer osnove 2,8 x 3,5 cm

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Amulet u obliku stojee ljudske igure sa rairenim

i podignutim rukama. Izraen od gline izmeane sa
sitno tucanim kamenom, oker boje peenja spolje,
na prelomu crne. Na vrhu izmeu krakova, nalazio
se jo jedan krak ili glava. Kroz telo je napravljena
vertikalna perforacija. Na obodu donjeg otvora izrazito duboki useci od neke vrste uzice. Takvi lebovi
vide se i na telu, oko krakova i od kraka ka osnovi.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz prilikom kontrole zemljanih radova; prema obeleavanju DTD kanala na 27 km i 950 m
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; R osnove 3 cm; promer krakova 6,3 cm

Amulet u obliku ljudske igure u stavu adoracije. Na

vrhu bonih strana postavljena dva kratka kupasto
modelovana kraka. Na vrhu, u sredinjem delu nalazio se trei krak, tj. najverovatnije predstava glave. Kroz glavu i telo napravljena veritkalna perforacija. Na donjem otvoru vide se useci od neke vrste uzice. Oko vrata i samo sa jedne strane tela, dve
tanke paralelne linije urezane u vidu slova V. Oker
boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F.Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 137
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; R osnove 2,8 cm; promer krakova 7 cm

Amulet u obliku stojee ljudske igure sa horizontalno postavljenim patrljcima. Glava predstavljena kao
kod igurina, krunog oblika lica okrenutog ka gore.
Premda je gornja povrina erodirala, vide se ostaci plastino modelovanog nosa. Na suprotnoj strani od nosa otvor vertikalne perforacije, koja ide kroz
itavo telo. Cela povrina ukraena duboko urezanim uglastim linijama. Na obodima oba otvora vidljivi useci od neke vrste uzice. Od gline izmeane sa
sitno tucanim kamenom, oker boje peenja, na prelomu crne.
uslovi nalaza: Nepoznati uslovi nalaza
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,3 cm; promer osnove 2,2 x 2,7 cm

Amulet u obliku ljudske stojee igure sa horizontalno postavljenim patrljcima. Glava sa koso zaravnjenim temenom, trougaonog oblika lica.Na licu se
istie plastino modelovan nos. Na jednom patrljku,
kao i oko osnove ima tragova crvenkaste boje. Ne
moe se pouzdano rei da li to predstavlja tragove
nekadanjeg premaza. Od gline sa primesom sitno
tucanog kamena, oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Nepoznati uslovi nalaza

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 8,5 cm; promer osnove 3,2 x 3,7 cm; promer krakova 6 cm

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Dvokraki, fragmentovani amulet. Na prelomu se vidi

leb vertikalne perforacije, napravljen pod kosim
uglom. Izraen gline sa dosta sitnog peska, otrije
granulacije. Na prelomu crno peen, spolja narandastocrvene boje.

uslovi nalaza: Zatitna iskopavanja 1957. godine; sonda 3, 2. otkopni sloj

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,6 cm; promer tela 5,7 x 3,4 cm

Amulet u obliku stojee ljudske igure. Na vrhu bonih strana koso postavljeni kraci ili patrljci, kupastog
oblika. Izmeu patrljaka, u sredinjem delu vrha
amuleta nalazi se jo jedan krak ili glava, veeg promera od bonih. Kroz nju i celom visinom tela napravljena je vertikalna perforacija, malog prenika.
Pored ove perforacije, na zadnjem delu tela koje je
za razliku od prednjeg - zaravnjeno, nalazi se jo jedna. Jedan otvor te perforacije izlazi na rubu glave
bliem zadnjoj strani, dok je drugi otvor perforacije
pri dnu zadnje strane, blizu osnove. Amulet bio premazan tankom crvenom prevlakom. Od gline izmeane sa peskom, oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz R. Raajskog kontrolom kinete na kanalu DTD 1947. god.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,3 cm; R osnove 3,5 cm

Fragmentovani viekraki predmet. Ouvana su tri

kraka i deo etvrtog. Ouvani kraci rasporedjeni su
pod medjusobno pravim uglovima. Na svakom kraku vidi se otvor, mada ni jedan nije prohodan. Na
osnovu ouvanosti moglo bi se zakljuiti da je etiri kraka bilo rasporedjeno krstasto u jednoj ravni, dok je peti bio u vertikalnom poloaju u odnosu na njih. Srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Okernarandaste boje peenja, na preomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Ouvane visine: 3,8/3,2/3,3 cm razmak izmedju dva susedna kraka 3,6 cm R kraka pri vrhu 0,8 cm

Petokraki predmet, ouvan u celosti. Izradjen od gline ine fakture sa neznatnom primesom peska. Oker
boje peenja. Telo sferino, a na njega aplicirano pet
krakova. etiri kraka krstasto rasporedjena, s tim to
su dva naspramna blago zakoena na dole, a druga
dva naspramna postavljena neto vie i nalaze se u
potpuno horizontalnom poloaju. Peti postavljen
vertikalno u odnosu na njih i kroz njega napravljena perforacija.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina sa vertikalnim krakom 4,1 cm/ irina naspramnih krakova 5 cm i 5,3 cm/ R kraka 1,3 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

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uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6 cm/ visina tela 4,6 cm/ promer osnove 2,4 x 2,7 cm/ R otvora 0,4 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izradjen od gline

srednje fakture sa dosta peska. Oker boje peenja
spolja, na prelomu crne. Spolja veim delom nagoreo. Kraci kupasto modelovani. U korenu oba kraka,
sa njihove unutranje strane, urezana po jedna uska
linija koja se protee ka bonim stranama tela. Telo
perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajni nalaz kontrolom zemjanih radova na izgradnji kanala DTD, 1957. godine.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,4 cm; promer osnove 2,7 x 2,5 cm; R otvora 0,6 cm

Masivan amulet stubastog tela, krune osnove. Na

otprilike polovini visine, bono aplicirana dva jeziasta kraka. Kraci su meusobno povezani rebrastim
ispupenjem koji ide horizontalno preko obe strane tela. Celom visinom telo amuleta perforirano. Po
obodu gornjeg otvora useci od neke vrste uzice, kao
i oko jednog kraka. Osnova fragmentovana. Izraen
od gline sa primesom peska, neujednaene boje peenja spolja - od oker do mrke i crne. Na prelomu
crne boje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F.Milekera, bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 136
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 8,2 cm; R osnove 3,6 cm; R gornjeg kraka 2,8 cm; promer krakova 8,8 cm

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Dvokraki amulet ouvan u celosti. Izradjen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom peska. Oker boje peenja. Telo perforirano. Na jednoj iroj strani tela u donjoj polovini kosi pravolinijski paralelni urezi - mogue da se radi o otisku drveta u vlanoj glini.

kat. br.
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Dvokraki amulet, stubastog tela, izradjen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom krupnijih zrnaca peska.
Oker boje peenja, sa jedne strane neznatno nagoreo. Celom duinom telo perforirano. U korenu jednog kraka, sa unutranje strane urezan plitak leb,
koji se prostire ka bonoj strani tela.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F.Milekera; stari inv. br. 194

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,1 cm/ visina tela 3,3 cm/ R osnove 2,2 cm/ R otvora 0,3 cm/ raspon krakova 4,5 cm

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publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,3 cm; promer osnove 2,5 x 2 cm; raspon krakova 6,4 cm

Predmet nepravilnog jajastog oblika. Po itavoj povrini tela aplicirani niski roasti kraci. Najvei broj
njih je fragmentovan. itavom visinom tela napravljena vertikalna perforacija. Od gline sa primesom
krupnije tucanog kamena, oker-narandaste boje
spolja, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka, stari inv. br. 390
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 6,4 cm; promer preseka 4,6 x 5 cm

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Amulet u obliku stojee ljudske igure sa horizontalno postavljenim patrljcima. Na gornjem kraju amuleta, u sredinjem delu ostaci fragmentovanog treeg kraka, tj. glave, veeg obima nego patrljci. Kroz
glavu i itavom visinom tela napravljena vertikalna
perforacija. Na obodu donjeg otvora vidljivi useci od
neke vrste uzice. Od gline sa krupnije tucanim kamenom, oker boje peenja spolja. Povrina prilino
erodirana.

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta. Izradjen od gline ine

fakture, oker boje peenja. Amulet prepolovljen uzduno na pola, gde se vidi vertikalni leb perforacije. Ouvani krak je veoma kratak i tek neznatno se
izdvaja iz mase tela. Zaobljenog vrha.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 335

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm/ visina tela 5,2 cm/ promer osnove 3,1 x 2,2 cm;

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izradjen od gline grube fakture izmeane sa sitno tucanim kamenom. Tamno sive boje -goreo. Povrina je bila glaana. Trougaonog oblika sa zaravnjenim vrhovima
krakova. Jedan krak fragmentovan. U korenu drugog, sa unutranje strane urezana linija koja se prostire ka boku tela. Pri osnovi jedne ire strane jedva
vidljive tri kose, paralelno urezane linije. Takodje se
na vrhu kraka vide radijalno urezane linije, od koji
se jedna protee sa spoljne strane kraka ka sredinoj osni tela. Telo je po vertikalni perforirano izmedju krakova.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 354
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 7,6 cm / visina tela 5,4 cm / promer osnove 3,1 x 2,8 cm / debljina tela 2,8 cm

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uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 239
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; irina 4,2 x 2,8 cm

Fragment masivnog dvokrakog amuleta, od kojeg je

ouvana samo gornja vertikalna polovina sa jednim
visokim krakom, kupasto modelovanim. Cela povrina amuleta je prilino erodirana, tako da postoje naznake da je i vrh kraka bio plastino modelovan. Na
prelomu se vidi leb vertikalne perforacije. Izraen
od gline izmeane sa vrlo inim peskom, oker boje
peenja spolja, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 333
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,1 cm; promer tela 3,7 x 2,6 cm

Fragment jedne polovine tela dvokrakog amuleta.

Izradjen od gline ine fakture sa primesom peska.
Oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne. Spolja
neznatno nagoreo. Kratko zdepasto telo, ovalne
osnove. Krak kratak, oteen. U korenu kraka, sa njegove unutranje strane, urezan kratak zarez. Na prelomu se vidi da je telo po duini perforirano, pod
blagim uglom.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 339

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; visina tela 3,4 cm; debljina 3,1 cm; ouvana irina 2 cm

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Fragment trokrakog amuleta. Ouvana vertikalna polovina loptastog tela, krune osnove. Na vrhu
bone strane ostatak fragmentovanog kraka, krunog preseka. Jedan krak nalazio se i na vrhu gornje
strane. Na prelomu vidljiv leb od vertikalne perforacije, koji se pod uglom sputa od vrha ka osnovi.
Perforacija je napravljena i ispod gornjeg kraka, spajajui se sa vertikalnim lebom blie osnovi. Jedna
vrlo uska perforacija (1mm) napravljena je od osnove ka sredini vertikalnog leba. Na telu se vide urezani lebovi koji idu od osnove preko ramena kraka,
kao i od osnove ka bonom kraku. Od gline izmeane sa sitnim peskom, narandasto - oker boje peenja, na prelomu tamno sive.

kat. br.
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Fragment donje polovine dvokrakog amuleta. Na

prelomu vidljiv otvor vertikalne perforacije. Izraen
od gline srednje fakture, meane sa inijim peskom
i manjom koliinom sitno tucanog kamena. Oker
boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz, bez bliih podataka; Milekerov broj 347
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,6 cm; promer preseka 3,3 x 1,6 cm

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Fragment amuleta, izraen od gline sa primesom sitno tucanog kamena i inog peska. Ouvan je jedan
vertikalni deo sa kratkim, kupasto modelovanim
krakom na vrhu bone strane. Telo se ka osnovi iri.
Na prelomu vidljiv trag vertikalne perforacije. itava
povrina veoma erodirana. Oker boje peenja

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br. 330

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4, 8 cm; promer tela 2,7 x 1,8 cm

Fragment amuleta izraen od gline izmeane sa

sitnim peskom. Oker - tamno mrke boje povrine.
Ouvana vertikalna polovina. Od krune osnove telo
se postepeno iri ka vrhu bone strane gde je izvuen niski, kupasto modelovan krak. Na prelomu se
uoava leb vertikalne perforacije. Na osnovu ouvanog fragmenta moglo bi se zakljuiti da se radi o
amuletu sa tri kraka, pri emu je trei na vrhu gornjeg dela tela.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 337

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm; promer tela 4,4 x 2,4 cm

Fragment stubastog tela amuleta. Ouvan donji deo

vertikalne polovine tela. Na prelomu se vidi leb
vertikalne perforacije. Izraen od gline sa primesom
peska, oker - narandaste boje na prelomu. Spolja
oker-mrke boje, sa tragovima crvenog premaza. Na
osnovu od otvora perforacije zrakasto rasporeeni
lebovi.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 247

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,3 cm; promer tela 4,6 x 2,3 cm

Fragmentovani, najverovatnije dvokraki amulet izraen od gline sa primesom peska. Oker boje peenja. Kruna osnova, telo stubasto sa ispupenim donjim delom. Na vrhu ouvane strane, ostatak od fragmentovanog kraka krunog preseka. Pored njega
jedan dublji leb. U sredini napravljena vertikalna
perforacija.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 345

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; R osnove 2,8 cm

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Fragment dna i dela valjkastog tela, najverovatnije dvokrakog amuleta. Izraen od gline sa primesom krupnijeg peska, oker boje peenja spolja, na
prelomu mrke. Na prelomu se vidi leb vertikalne
perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 319

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 4,7 x 3,6 cm

Fragment gornjeg dela i jednog kraka, dvokrakog

amuleta veih dimenzija. Izraen od gline sa primesom krupnije tucanog kamena, oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu mrke. Po ouvanim ostacima,
moe se zakljuiti da je telo bilo valjkasto, sa kratkim, kupasto modelovanim kracima na vrhu bonih strana. U osnovi ouvanog kraka vidi se duboki popreni leb. Na prelomu se vidi leb perforacije
koja je napravljena pod uglom. Vrh kraka je takoe
fragmentovan.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 328

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; promer tela 4,8 x 2,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet, jeziastog oblika tela, izradjen od

gline sa primesom sitnijeg i krupnijeg peska. Oker
boje peenja spolja, na prelomu mrke. U korenu
jednog kraka, sa unutranje strane, nazire se plitko
urezana linija. Vrhovi krakova reljefno modelovani,
mogue da su imali formu ivotinjskog protoma.
Izmedju krakova telo vertikalno perforirano. Osnova
fragmentovana.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz prilikom kontrole

zemljanih radova na kanalu DTD 1949 g.
publikacija: Nepublikovano

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dimenzije: visina 5,7 cm; visina tela 4,9 cm; promer tela 4,5 x 2,4 cm; R otvora 0,4 cm

kat. br.
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Predmet bikoninog oblika, koji je na prelomu konusa imao apliciran deo krunog preseka, kako se
moe zakljuiti na osnovu ostataka. Celom visinom
predmet je perforiran. Izraen od gline izmeane sa
peskom i krupnije tucanim kamenom. Oker boje peenja spolja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz prilikom kontrole zemljanih

radova, 1949. godine
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; R trbuha 3 cm

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Predmet bikoninog oblika, pri emu je jedna strana po duini/visini zaravnjena. Spoj konusa je izrazito naglaen i dobija oblika rebrastog ispupenja.
Celom visinom predmet je perforiran, krunim otvorom veeg prenika (1 cm). Izraen od gline sa primesom peska, svetlo oker boje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera; stari inv. br. 2091

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm; R trbuha 3,5 cm

Fragment masivnog amuleta, najverovatnije u obliku ptice. Postojea rekonstrukcija napravljena kao
identina kopija ouvane polovine, mada je verovatnije da je deo koji nedostaje imao stilizovanu ptiju
glavu. Na to upuuje i ornamentika izvedena paralelnim, lunim linijama, koje asociraju na ptije perje
i skupljena krila. Ouvani deo je lunulastog oblika,
sa ovalnim i blago ispupenim dnom i zaravnjenom
gornjom povrinom (leima). Amulet vertikalno
perforiran kroz sredinji deo tela. Izraen od gline
izmeane sa peskom, oker boje peenja.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera, bez bliih podataka
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,7 cm; promer tela 5,2 x 8,2 cm

Amulet jeziastog oblika masivnog tela. Gornja ivica tela horizontalna, donja polukruna. Amulet horizontalno perforiran neposredno ispod gornje ivice. Na otvorima se vide useci od neke vrste uzice. Na
samim krajevima gornje ivice, povrina je neto svetlija i premda je uglaana (to bi ukazivalo da je do
preloma dolo davno), mogue je da su na tim mestim prvobitno bila neka roasta ispupenja. U tom
sluaju amulet bi imao oblik bukraniona. Izraen od
gline sa primesom peska, oker boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera, bez bliih podataka

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina gornje ivice 6,5 cm; visina tela 4,4 cm; debljina tela 3,9 cm

Amulet u obliku ptice. Telo ovalnog horizontalnog

preseka. Na uem kraju ouvanog dela, plastino
modelovan mali kupasti rep. Na suprotnom kraju,
ispupenje je fragmentovano, ali je najverovatnije
bila stilizovana ptija glava. Telo je vertikalno perforirano sa otvorom nainjenim blie glavi. Izraen
od gline izmeane sa peskom i sitnije tucanim kamenom. Oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera, bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 393
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina 5,9 cm; visina 3,4 cm; promer tela 3,5 x 3 cm

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uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; Milekerov broj neitak
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina 6,8 cm; visina 4,4 cm; irina 5 cm

Fragmentovani amulet ptijih karakteristika. Telo nisko, ovalnog horizontalnog preseka. Na uim krajevima ostaci fragmentovanog repa i glave. Jedan kraj
je bio vertikalno postavljen, krunog preseka, dok je
drugi fragmentovani deo elipsoidnog preseka. Telo
na bonim stranama ukraeno duboko urezanim
lunim, paralelnim linijama. Telo vertikalno perforirano. Oker boje peenja. Izraen od gline sa primesom peska.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina 5,7 cm; promer tela 4,7 x 3,7 cm

Mali amulet u obliku ptice. Izraen od gline sa dosta

krupnije tucanog kamena. Crvenkasto-mrke boje
peenja. Telo ovalnog horizontalnog preseka, ravne
osnove. Na jednom uem kraju predstavljen stilizovan rep u vidu rebrastog ispupenja. Suprotni kraj
tela, koji je neto iri, je delimino fragmentovan.
Ostaci ukazuju da je fragmentovani deo bio krunog
preseka (vrat). Sa jedne strane, sada fragmentovane
glave, ouvano bradaviasto ispupenje. Telo vertikalno perforirano.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 407
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina 4,9 cm; promer tela 3,3 x 3,4 cm

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Masivni amulet u obliku ptice. Ovalnog horizontalnog preseka, sa ravnom osnovom. Na ouvanom
uem kraju tela, modelovan rep u vidu bradaviastog ispupenja. Na suprotnoj strani kraj je fragmentovan. Najverovatnije je bila predstavljena stilizovana glava ptice. Telo vertikalno probueno. Izraen
od gline sa primesom peska, oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne.

kat. br.
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Fragmentovani sedei amulet. Telo loptasto i koso

probueno. Izraen od gline sa dosta sitno tucanog
kamena, sivo-oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 375
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina (sa rekonstruisanim delom) 7 cm; irina tela 4,4 cm; duina tela 6,3 cm

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uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 213
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,1 cm; promer tela 1,7 x 1,1 cm

Fragment dvokraki amuleta izradjenog od gline

srednje fakture sa dosta peska. Spolja oker-crvenkaste boje peenja, na prelomu crne. Telo stubasto, a
kraci su fragmentovani. Na prelomu se vidi vertikalna perforacija. Kod osnove jednog kraka, sa unutranje strane vidi se plitak leb koji se prostire ka bonoj strani tela. Na obodu donjeg otvora vide se dva
dublja zareza usmerena ka bonim stranama tela.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br. 352

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,3 cm; R osnove 3,2 cm; promer tela 3,2 x 3,8 cm

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Fragment dvokrakog amuleta minijaturnih dimenzija. Ouvana vertikalna polovina stubastog tela i jedan koso postavlje dui krak, oblikovan u vidu protoma. Na prelomu se vidi leb vertikalne perforacije. Izraen od gline sa primesom peska, oker boje
peenja.

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta, izraen od gline sa

primesom sitnog peska, oker boje peenja. Telo stubasto, koso zaseene osnove, ime se stie utisak da
je jedna strana tela vie isturena od druge. Na vrhu
ostaci dva fragmentovana kraka. U sredini otvor vertikalne perforacije. Povrina dosta erodirana.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 340
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,2 cm; R tela 3 cm

Fragmentovani viekraki predmet. Loptasto telo, na

ijoj su gornjoj polovini horizontalno bila aplicirana
dva kraka krunog preseka. Trei krak je vertikalno
postavljen na vrhu, cilindrinog oblika. Vertikalna
perforacija napravljena kroz taj krak i telo. Izraen
od gline izmeane sa peskom, oker boje peenja, na
prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 237
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm; promer tela 5,2 x 4,7 cm

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Fragmentovani trokraki amulet izraen od gline sa

primesom peska, oker boje peenja. Povrina ukraena uglastim paralelnim linijama, u vidu meandra.
Telo krukastog oblika, zaravnjene krune osnove.
Na vrhu bonih strana bila su postavljena dva kraka,
sada fragmentovani, kao i tri krak na vrhu gornje
strane. Ostaci gornjeg kraka ukazuju da je bio krunog preseka. Telo perforirano vertikalno kroz gornji
krak.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 234
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; R osnove 3 cm; promer tela 4,9 x 4,5 cm

Fragment amuleta izraenog od gline sa primesom

peska, sivo-oker boje povrine. Ouvan deo vertikalne polovine loptastog tela. Ostaci na vrhu gornje strane ukazuju na postojanje vertikalnog kraka,
veeg krunog preseka. Na ramenu se nalazi koren
manjeg, fragmentovanog kraka, pravilnog krunog
preseka. itava povrina ukraena paralelnim, lunim linijama, sa dva pravolinijska ureza od korena
bonog kraka do osnove. Na prelomu se vidi leb od
vertikalne perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 236
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,8 cm; promer tela 4,4 x 3,6 cm

Fragment amuleta, najverovatnije u obliku ptice.

Izraen od gline sa dosta tucanog kamena, crvenkaste boje povrine, na prelomu mrke. Ouvan zadnji
deo loptastog tela, , koji je kupasto modelovan, u
vidu ptijeg repa. Gornja strana ukraena koso urezanim linijama. Na prelomu se vidi leb od vertikalne perforacije.Povrina erodirana, to se moe potvrditi i na osnovu mestiminih ostataka prvobitne,
uglaane spoljne povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 356
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 4 x 4,6 cm

Fragmentovani amulet u obliku ptice. Izraen od

gline sa primesom sitnog peska, oker boje peenja. Telo jajasto, elipsoidnog horizontalnog preseka.
Fragmentovan prednji deo amuleta, dok se na ouvanom delu vidi bradaviasto modelovan rep. Na
prelomu vidljiv otvor vertikalne perforacije. Povrina
erodirana.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 394
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina 6,1 cm; visina 4,2 cm; irina 4,2 cm

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Fragment predmeta, sudei po ouvanom delu etvorougaonog oblika, nejednakih strana. Bone
strane gotovo vertikalne, gornja i donja povrina
zaravnjene. Ouvan jedan ugao na ijoj se gornjoj
strani nalazi osnova fragmentovanog dela, elipsoidnog oblika. Ukraen paralelno urezanim lunim i
uglastim linijama. Na prelomu se vidi leb vertikalne perforacije. Izraen od gline sa primesom peska,
oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 465
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 5,3 x 4,6 cm; debljina 5,1 cm

Fragment amuleta u obliku ptice. Izraen od gline sa

primesom inog, sitnog peska, svetlo sive boje spoljne povrine, na prelomu crne. Ouvana zadnja polovina tela, jajastog oblika, ovalnog horizontalnog
preseka. Donja povrina zaravnjena. Na gornjoj ivici
ue strane modelovan mali kupasti rep. Na prelomu
se vidi leb vertikalne perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 231
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 2,4 x 3,6 x 3,2 cm

Fragment amuleta u obliku ptice. Izraen od gline

sa primesom inog peska, oker boje peenja. Telo jajastog oblika, sa zaravnjenom gornjom povrinom,
dok je donja blago zaobljena. Na sredini tela vertikalna perforacija. Nedostaje prednji deo, gde bi trebalo da bude predstava glave, kao i fragment zadnjeg dela kod repa. Na ouvanom delu se vidi da
je na zadnjem delu bio modelovan rep u vidu kupastog ispupenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 318
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina 5,8 cm; promer tela 3,1 x 4,1 cm

Fragment amuleta u obliku ptice izraen od gline sa

primesom peska, oker boje peenja. Telo pljosnato,
najverovatnije ovalnog horizontalnog preseka, sudei po ouvanom delu. Na postojeem fragmentu
vidi stilizovana ptija glava podignutog kljuna i koso
postavljena na ivicu gornje povrine. Bona strana,
koja je gotovo vertikalna, kao i gornja povrina su
ukraene paralelnim linijama.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 395
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 3,8 x 3,8 x 3,8 cm

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Fragment vertikalne polovine amuleta izradjenog

od gline dobre fakture sa primesom peska. Oker
boje peenja. Telo jeziastog oblika, u vertikalnom
preseku polusferino. Sa jedne strane zaravnjeno, a
sa druge ispupeno. Vertikalna perforacija uz sam
zid zaravnjene strane. Donji deo tela kupasto zavren, dok se na gornjem kraju na ouvanoj polovini
takodje vidi malo kupasto ispupenje.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br. 2848

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 9,2 cm; debljina 3,5 cm; irina 2,2 cm

Fragment vertikalne polovine amulet u obliku ptice. Izraen od gline sa primesom peska, oker boje
peenja spolja, na prelomu crne. Na prelomu se vidi
otvor vertikalne perforacije koja je ila kroz sredinu
tela. Amulet je masivnog jajastog tela sa malim repom modelovanim u vidu bradaviastog ispupenja. Glava je fragmentovana i sada se vidi samo kruni presek osnove vrata postavljenog koso na gornjoj
ivice. Povrina ukraena paralelno urezanim lunim
linijama, erodirana.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 236
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: duina 7,5 cm; visina 5,5 cm; irina 4 cm

Fragment amuleta u obliku ptice, pljosnatog tela

ovalnog horizontalnog preseka. Ouvan prednji ui
deo, sa kratim vratom krunog preseka, fragmentovane glave. Na prelomu se vidi leb vertikalne perforacije. Donja povrina zaravnjena, gornja blago ispupena. Izraen od gline sa dosta sitno tucanog
kamena, crvenkaste boje peenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 28869
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 4,5 x 2,8 x 3,5 cm

Fragment amuleta, najverovatnije u obliku ptice.

Ouvan prednji deo deo ploastog tela ovalnog
horizontalnog preseka. Bone strane ukraene kosim, paralelno urezanim linijama. Gornja povrina fragmentovana, ali se na ivici vidi ostatak krunog preseka, verovatno koren vrata ptije glave.
Neposredno iza je leb od kose perforacije. Donja
povrina zaravnjena. Izraen od gline sa primesom
peska, oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 358
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: 3,8 x 3 x 2,8 cm

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uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera; stari inv. br. 358

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer tela 4,1 x 3,7 cm; promer osnove 2,1 x 1,7 cm; R otvora 0,5 cm

Fragment dela vertikalne polovine dvokrakog amuleta izradjenog od gline srednje fakture sa primesom sitnog peska. Spolja crvenkaste boje peenja,
na prelomu crne. Telo je imalo ovalnu osnovu od
koje se postepeno iri na bonim stranam i zavrava kratkim krakom u vidu ivotinjskgo protoma.
Povrina tela ukraena meandrom i lunim linijama. Na prelomu se vidi perforacija napravljena pod
uglom - gornji otvor blii jednoj iroj strani, dok se
donji otvor nalazi u centru osnove.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz Milekera

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,4 cm; visina tela 5,4 cm; promer tela 3,4 x 2 cm

Fragment amuleta krukolikog tela i krune osnove.

Mogue da je u pitanju dvokraki amulet, ali se to ne
moe pouzdano potvrditi. Ouvan je deo tela i manji deo osnove. Telo ukraeno urezanim linijama, ali
se zbog erodiranosti povrine ne moe tano rei da
li je u obliku slova X ili meandra. Na prelomu vidljiv leb od vertikalne perforacije. Izraen od gline
sa sitno tucanim kamenom, narandaste boje spolja, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,7 cm; promer tela 4,5 x 2,7 cm

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Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izradjen od gline

srednje fakture sa primesom sitnog peska. Spolja
oker boje peenja, na prelomu crne. Od osnove ovalnog oblika telo se postepeno iri na bonim stranama i zavrava, sada fragmentovanim, kracima. U korenu oba kraka urezane linije koje se od unutranje
strane kraka proteu ka bonoj strani tela. Telo izmedju krakova vertikalno perforirano. Na obodu gornjeg, kao i donjeg otvora vide se popreni urezi.

Fragment dela osnove i stubastog tela amuleta.

Najverovatnije se radi o dvokrakom amuletu. Na
prelomu se vidi leb od vertikalne perforacije. Oker
boje spoljne povrpine, na prelomu crne. Izraen od
gline sa primesom inog peska.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 360
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: asas

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publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4 cm; prenik 2,7 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet stubastog tela,

krune, zaravnjene osnove. Od osnove telo se neznatno iri ka bonim stranama, i istovremeno stanjuje u sredinjem delu. Na vrhu gornje strane ostaci
fragmentovanih krakova krunog preseka. Izmeu
njih je otvor od vertikalne perforacije.Osnova napravljena kosim zasecanjem gline, tako da iz proila izgleda kao da je zadnja strana zaravnjena, dok je
prednja isturena. Izraen od gline sa primesom peska, oker boje peenja spolja, na prelomu crne.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 6,1 cm; R osnove 3,8 cm

Mali amulet kupastog oblika. Pri vrhu, koji je spljoten i horizontalno perforiran, aplicirana su tri bradaviasta ukrasa nejednakih dimenzija. Izraen od
gline sa vrlo malo peska, oker boje povrine.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 177
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 3,5 cm; R osnove 1,8 cm

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Fragment stubastog tela amuleta. Ouvana je jedna

uzduna polovina, polukrunog preseka. Na prelomu vidljiv leb vertikalne perforacije. Izraen od gline srednje fakture. Glina je meana sa inim peskom
i manjom koliinom sitno tucanog kamena. Oker
boje peenja.

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Fragmentovani kurotrofni amulet. Dva kratka kraka

postavljena su horizontalno, na polovini visine amuleta, na bonim stranama. Izmeu ostataka gornjih
krakova, nalazi se gornji otvor vertikalne perforacije.
Izraen od gline sa dosta tucanog kamena, crvenkasto-oker boje povrine

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 143
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 8,1 cm; R osnove 3,5 cm

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Ornitomorfni amulet izraen od gline dobre fakture, oker

boje peenja. Ouvan u celosti. Telo ima oblik ovalne deblje
ploe, sa ravnim dnom i malim, kupasto modelovanim repom. Nasuprot njemu nalazi se stilizovana predstava glave
sa kraim vratom. Na glavi se izdvaja kljun i dva bradaviasta ispupenja u visini oiju. Slina bradaviasta ispupenja,
aplicirana i na ramenima ptice. Oko vrata dubok leb. Telo
je vertikalno perforirano. Gornji otvor nalazi se iza vrata, ali
van sredinje ose tela, dok je donji otvor u sredinjoj osi. Na
oba otvora vide se proirenja po obodu. Donji otvor ima duplu perforaciju, s tim to je jedna neprohodna, odnosno izdubljena samo do polovine visine tela.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 391 (?)
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 5,6 cm; duina 8,5 cm; irina 5,4 cm

Ornitomorfni amulet izraen od gline sa dosta peska, crvenkasto oker boje povrine, crne boje na prelomu. Telo ovalnog
horizontalnog preseka, zaravnjene donje i gornje - lene
povrine. Na jednom kraju formiran mali kupasto modelovan
rep, dok se nasuprotn njemu nalazi krati vrat ptice sa sumarno modelovanom glavom. Na ramenima dva mala bradaviasta ispupenja. Telo vertikalno perforirano po sredinjoj
osi odmah iza vrata. Od gornjeg otvora, koso prema vratu,
prostiru se dva leba, nastala od neke vrste uzice. Proirenje
oboda otvora primetno je i na strani ka repu. Donji otvor takoe ima vrlo primetna udubljenja po obodu. Jedan bok ptice oteen.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 65779
publikacija: F. Milleker, Vorgeschichte des Banats, Starinar XIII, Beograd 1938;
dimenzije: visina 5,8 cm; duina 7,4 cm; irina 4,4 cm

Amulet u obliku ptice izraen od gline sa dosta peska, crvenkaste boje peenja. Telo lunulasto, na jednom kraju stanjeno u vidu
repa, dok je na suprotnom kraju plastino modelovana glava ptice. Istie se mali kljun i roasto ispupenje iznad. Glava delimino
oteena. Telo perforirano, sa otvorom napravljenim neposredno iza vrata. Na obodu oba otvora vidljivi useci od neke vrste uzice. Rep fragmentovan i rekonstruisan.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 377

kat. br.
327

publikacija: Neolit na tlu Srbije, katalog izlobe, Beograd 1977;

Pamatky neolitu z uzemi Srbska, katalog izlobe, Praha 1978;
Iskustvo ranih zemledeljcev na teritoriji Jugoslavije, Lenjingra 1979;
Lart des premiers agriculeurs en Serbie, katalog izlobe, Paris 1979

1656
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dimenzije: duina 6,6 cm; promer tela 2,3 x 2,8 cm

Amulet u obliku ptice ouvan u celosti. Telo unastog oblika sa zaravnjenim dnom, ali i leima ptice. Rep kupasto modelovan, dok je na drugom
koso postavljen krai valjkasti vrat, koji se zavrava malom ptijom glavom. Na glavi se istie kljun, i blago rebrasto ispupenje po sredini temena. Na zaravnjenim leima ptice, blie vratu napravljen je kruni otvor.
Gornji otvor je nepravilnog krunog oblika, sa neznatnim proirenjima
ka bonim stranama tela ptice. Povrina amuleta je zaglaana, sa neznatnim oteenjem na jednom bolu starijeg porekla tako da su povrine
oteenja glatke. Boja peenja oker, sa tamnim tragovima od gorenja na
jednoj bonoj strani i delu dna.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 63780

kat. br.
328

publikacija: Neolit na tlu Srbije, katalog izlobe, Beograd 1977;

Pamatky neolitu z uzemi Srbska, katalog izlobe, Praha 1978;
Iskustvo ranih zemledeljcev na teritoriji Jugoslavije, Lenjingra 1979;
Lart des premiers agriculeurs en Serbie, katalog izlobe, Paris 1979.
dimenzije: visina u predelu glave: 4,2 cm visina tela: 2,8 cm duina tela: 7,4 cm irina tela: 3,3 cm

186

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Catalogue

Amulet u obliku ptice izraen od gline sa primesom peska, narandaste boje spoljne povrine, na prelomu crne. Telo je ovalnog horizontalnog preseka, visokih, vertikalnih bonih strana i zaravnjene
gornje i donje povrine. Na uoj strani gornje ivice nalazi se visoki,
koso postavljen vrat elipsoidnog preseka. Glava je fragmentovana.
itava povrina tela, osim donje povrine, ukraena je urezanim motivom uglastog meandra. Telo perforirano sa gornjim otvorom iza
vrata, dok je donji otvor u osnovi, u ravni sa spoljnom povrinom
vrata.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 65778

1658
inv. br.

KREMENJAK

kat. br.
329

publikacija: Neolit na tlu Srbije, katalog izlobe, Beograd 1977;

Pamatky neolitu z uzemi Srbska, katalog izlobe, Praha 1978;
Iskustvo ranih zemledeljcev na teritoriji Jugoslavije, Lenjingra 1979;
Lart des premiers agriculeurs en Serbie, katalog izlobe, Paris 1979.
dimenzije: visina 7,1 cm; duina 5,8 cm; irina 4,6 cm

Predmet nalik buzdovanu. Loptastog oblika sa povrinom u

potpunosti prekrivenom kratkim, kupasto modelovanim kracima. Kraci su zaobljenog vrha i pravilno rasporeeni. Kroz centar tela, itavom duinom, napravljena perforacija. Na obodima
otvora vidljiva udubljenja nastala najverovatnije od neke vrste
uzice. Neki kraci su fragmentovani, dok je povrina izmeu njih
neravna, kao posledica apliciranja kraka na osnovnu masu tela.
Izraen od gline sa malom primesom peska, oker boje peenja.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 431

1758
inv. br.

KREMENJAK

kat. br.
330

9506
inv. br.

KREMENJAK

kat. br.
331

kat. br.
332

publikacija: Neolit na tlu Srbije, katalog izlobe, Beograd 1977;

Pamatky neolitu z uzemi Srbska, katalog izlobe, Praha 1978;
Iskustvo ranih zemledeljcev na teritoriji Jugoslavije, Lenjingra 1979;
Lart des premiers agriculeurs en Serbie, katalog izlobe, Paris 1979.
dimenzije: 6 x 6,3 cm

Predmet sa vie krakova. Na krukolikom telu, ravne, ovalne osnove, aplicirani kraci. Kroz centar tela,
celom visinom napravljena perforacija. Oko otvora
uoljiva proirenja i lebovi, nejverovatnije od neke
vrste uzice. Kraci su formirani u dva niza. Prvi se nalazi neposredno uz gornji otvor, oko kojeg su pravilno
rasporeena tri kratka, valjkasto modelovana kraka,
zaravnjenog vrha. Ispod njih, na otprilike polovini visine predmeta, napravljen je drugi niz od pet krakova. Donji deo tela nema krakove. Crvenkasto - oker
boje povrine, na prelomu crne. Od gline sa primesom peska.
uslovi nalaza: Zatitna iskopavanja 1957. Sonda IV, 4.o.s.
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Promer osnove 2,9 x 3,2 cm; visina 6,3 cm; promer krakova na sredini tela 6,3 cm

Dvokraki amulet valjkastog tela sa dva kratka kraka u obliku ivotinjskih protoma. Vrh jednog kraka
fragmentovan. Telo perforirano kroz sredinu. Oba
otvora perforacije imaju izrazita proirenja - lebove, nastale od neke vrste uzice. lebovi su uoljivi i
na unutranjim stranama korena krakova. Kod ouvanog kraka, taj leb se dalje koso sputa preko tela
i poklapa se sa lebom na donjem otvoru, ukazujui
na nain na koji je uzica bila obmotana oko amuleta.
Na povrini jedva vidljivi tragovi tamnocrvene boje,
za koje se ne moe pouzdano rei da li predstavljaju
ostatke premaza. Boja peenja oker,a na jednoj strani ouvanog kraka vide se crni tragovi od gorenja.
Dobre fakture.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 214
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina: 6,9 cm; R osnove: 4,5 cm; R otvora: 0,6 cm

187

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Vina Amulets

9508
inv. br.

KREMENJAK

kat. br.
333

9509
inv. br.

KREMENJAK

kat. br.
334

9512
inv. br.

KREMENJAK

kat. br.
335

kat. br.
336
188

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet izradjen od gline

izmeane sa dosta peska i sitno tucanog kamena.
Oker boje peenja. Na vrhu bonih strana sada vidljivi ostaci fragmentovanih krakova. Celom duinom
telo perforirano. Donji otvor u sreditu izmeu krakova, donji otvor van centra osnove, blie jednom
kraku. Po obodu oba otvora, vidljiva polukruna
udubljenja i manji lebovi. U korenu jednog kraka,
sa unutranje strane urezan plitak leb, koji se prostire ka bonoj strani tela.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,7 cm; R osnove 2,2 cm; promer tela ispod krakova 1,7 x 2,5 cm

Mali dvokraki amulet izradjen od gline srednje fakture sa primesom sitno tucanog kamena. Oker-sive
boje peenja, priglaane povrine. Telo se od osnove
ovalnog preseka iri bono i zavrava sa dva kratka
kraka, iji su vrhovi fragmentovani. Gledano iz proila, jedna strana tela je zaravnjena, druga (prednja)
blago ispupena. Telo perforirano izmedju krakova,
sa gornjim otvorom blie rubu jedne ire strane, dok
se donji otvor nalazi u sreditu osnove. Otvor je veoma mali, pravilnog krunog oblika. Na donjem otvoru, pod pravim uglom u odnosu na obod otvora,
urezan kratak leb.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 3,6 cm; Promer osnove 2 x 1,3 cm

Mali dvokraki amulet, ouvan gotovo u celosti. Od

gline srednje fakture, crne boje, spolja prevlaka od
oker boje. Na vrhu bonih strana ouvan jedan nizak, kupasto modelovan krak. Drugi vidljiv samo u
korenu. Izmeu krakova otvor vertikalne perforacije.
Po oboda donjeg otvora u osnovi, vide se mala polukruna udubljenja.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer osnove 1,3 x 1,4 cm;promer krakova 2,3 cm

Fragmentovan estokraki predmet izradjen od gline dobre fakture sa primesom sasvim sitnog peska. Oker boje peenja, na prelomu crne. Tri kraka
fragmentovana. Sudei po ostacima preloma, kraci su bili krstasto rasporedjeni etiri u istoj ravni,
dva popreko. Modelovani valjkasto sa zaravnjenim
vrhom. Predmet je perforiran dijagonalno u odnosu na pravac prostiranja krakova. Na prelomu vidljiv
leb perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Iskopavanja 1957.

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Ouvana visina 4,1 x 3,3 cm; R kraka 1,5 cm

9513
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Catalogue

9501
inv. br.

STARO SELO

kat. br.
337

9502
inv. br.

STARO SELO

kat. br.
338

9503
inv. br.

STARO SELO

kat. br.
339

kat. br.
340

Amulet/perla, bikoninog oblika izraena od gline sa malom primesom peska, oker boje peenja.
Svaki konus izdeljen je na est povrina, dok je spoj
dva konusa istaknut u vidu rebrastog ispupenja.
Predmet je na jednoj od tih est strana potpuno zaravnjen, ali se ne moe utvrditi da li je to posledica nekadanjeg oteenja koje je sad potpuno uglaano, ili je ta ravna povrina napravljena namerno.
Celom duinom predmet je vertikalno perforiran sa
polukrunim udubljenjima po obodu oba otvora.

uslovi nalaza: Iskopavanja 1957.

publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,5 cm; R 2,5 cm

Fragment amuleta, najverovatnije u obliku ptice.

Ouvan fragment unkastog tela na ijem se jednom kraju koso uzdie valjkasti vrat. Vrh je oteen,
ali ispupenja na njemu ukazuju da je bio plastino
modelovan. Na ouvanom delu tela, neposredno
uz vrat nalazi se otvor vertikalne perforacije veeg
prenika. Na prelomu tela, takoe vidljiv trag od jo
jedne vertikalne perforacije. Povrina narandaste
boje, na prelomu crne. Dobre fakture glina, sa malo
peska.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 4870
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: asas

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta izraen od gline izmeane sa malo peska. Oker boje peenja. Ouvana
jedan uzduna polovina tela. Na vrhu bone strane,
ouvan koso postavljen, kratak, kupasto modelovan
krak. Na prelomu se vidi ljeb od vertikalne perforacije, koji je napravljen pod uglom, tako da je donji otvor blii suprotnoj strani od gornjeg. Gledano
iz proila, jedna strana (zadnja) amuleta zaravnjena, druga neznatno ispupena. Premda je povrina
oteena, uoljivo je ornamentisanje urezivanjem.
Tri plitka vertikalna ureza, koji idu oko ouvanog
kraka, sputaju se do osnove i povezani su da donjim otvorom.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 4872
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 5,1cm; ouvani promer tela 2,9 x 2,3 cm

Fragment dvokrakog amuleta izraen od gline izmeane sa dosta sitno tucanog kamena. Crvenkasto
oker boje. Ouvani deo tela ukazuje na ovalni presek, dok je ouvani krak koso postavljen na vrhu
bone strane. Krak je kratak, kupasto modelovan. Na
prelomu vidljiv vertikalni ljeb perforacije.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 4871
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: ouvane dimenzije 4,5 x 4,3 cm

189

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104
inv. br.

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kat. br.
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9520
inv. br.

STARO SELO

kat. br.
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kat. br.
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190

Fragmentovani estokraki predmet izradjen od gline srednje fakture. Crvenkasto oker boje. U celosti
ouvan samo jedan krak, izduenog valjkastog oblika. Vrh zaobljen. Prelom ukazuje da su etiri kraka
bili krstasto rasporedjeni u istoj ravni, po sredini visine predmeta, dok su druga dva kraka zapravo inila osovinu predmeta. Predmet je perforiran dijagonalno, izmeu krakova. Perforacija je kruna, malog
prenika. Na telu vidljivi plitki lebovi, najverovatnije od neke vrste uzice.

uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 4986
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: Duina ouvanog kraka 1,7 cm; R = 0,7cm; ouvane dimenzije predmeta 3,5 x 1,8 cm

Fragmentovani amulet, najverovatnije u obliku ljudske igure. Od gline izmeane sa peskom, narandaste boje peenja. Na bonim stranama horizontalno
postaljveni patrljci. Jedan krak je odlomljen u korenu, dok je drugom kraku fragmentovan vrh. Na samom vrhu, po sredini ouvan deo treeg kraka, odnosno najverovatnije vrata ili glave ljudske predstave. Na prelomu vidljiv iroki kanal od veritaklne perforacije. Otvor u osnovi je velikog prenika, a obod
oteen udubljenjima. Po telu, prostirui se koso od
korena vrata do osnove, i od osnove do korena jednog kraka, vidljiv ljeb. Povrina amuleta prilino
erodirana, sa nizom manjim oteenja.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 5009
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,1 cm; R osnove 2 cm; R otvora 0,7 cm

Fragmentovani dvokraki amulet. Ouvano kratko

stubasto telo, ovalnog preseka, na ijem je vrhu jedne bone strane vidljiv koren fragmentovanog kraka. Izmeu krakova, kroz centar tela napravljena vertikalna perforacija. Po obodu oba otvora polukruna udubljenja, najverovatnije od neke vrste uzice.
Povrina znatno erodirana, sa nizom manjih oteenja, ali je primetno da je telo bilo ukraeno urezivanjem. Ukras u vidu niza paralelnih, kraih koso postavljenih zareza, koji se mestimino ukrtaju. Od gline izmeane sa sitnim peskom, oker boje peenja.
uslovi nalaza: Sluajan nalaz F. Milekera bez bliih podataka; stari inv. br. 5003
publikacija: Nepublikovano
dimenzije: visina 4,2 cm; promer osnove 2,5 x 3 cm

EDITIONES CONCORDIAE
volume I

Dragan B. Jovanovi Ostave Vrakog gorja: MarkovacGrunjac / MMX

volume II Ivana Pantovi Vina Amulets / MMXIII

volume III Ljiljana Baki Roman Coins Collection of the City Museum Vrac / Rimski novac iz
zbirke Gradskog muzeja Vrac (forthcoming)

CIP -
,
903634(497.113 )
903.4634(497.113 )
PANTOVI, Ivana, 1963Vina Amulets-Southeast Banat / Ivana Pantovi ; [ilustrations
Ivana Pantovi ; fotographs Ivana Pantovi ; translation Marin
Marko]. - Vrac : Gradski muzej, 2013 (Vrac : Tuli). - 190 str. :
ilustr. ; 30 cm
Tira 150. - Str. 6: A Review / Duan Mihailovi. - List of
Abbreviations: str. 80. - Bibliograija: str. 75-80.
ISBN 978-86-83911-54-7
a) - -
b) c) -
COBISS.SR-ID 203560460

ISBN 978-86-83911-54-7