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Oskolkov Problemas Matematicas
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Oskolkov Problemas Matematicas
Загружено:
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Доступные форматы
. .
. .
( )
2006
51(076.2)
22.1721
87
. .
87 ( ) /
. . , . . . .:
: , 2006.
464 .: . ( ).
ISBN 5-488-00573-0 ( )
ISBN 5-94666-317-8 ( )
3000
,
,
.
.
,
. -
,
.
, -
, .
51(076.2)
22.1721
ISBN 5-488-00573-0
( )
ISBN 5-94666-317-8
( )
. ., . ., 2006
.
, 2006
3000 -
. -
, , -
-
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11 ,
. -
, -
,
. -
, -
. ,
,
.
: , -
, ; , -
, .
,
- .
-
-
, -
.
2 3
I 4. , |a| < |b|:
) b < a < b, b > 0;
) b < a < b, b < 0.
5. , |x + y| m |x| + |y|.
. 6. , |x y| l |x| |y|.
x
7. , : ) |xy| = |x| |y|; ) x
--- = ------ , y 0.
8. , :
y y
) a b ,
a b
--- + --- l 2,
b a
1. . a = b;
) a b ,
a b
--- + --- m 2,
b a
. .
( ) a a = b.
, : , a 0, b 0 -
1) a a > 0;
a b
2) a = 0; --- + --- l 2,
b a
3) a a < 0.
. a = b.
a |a|. 9. :
a -
) ax = x2; ) (a 2)x = a2 4; ) (a2 9)x = a2 + 27.
:
10. :
a a > 0, ) 4x > 5; ) 5x + 6 m 3x 8; ) ax m 1; ) ax > 1.
|a| = 0 a = 0,
a a < 0. 11. :
3x > 1, 2x < , x > 1, 3x + 2 l 0,
a = 0 |a| = 0 = a = a, - ) x < 3; ) x > 1; ) 2x + 1 m 5; )
x+ 5 < 0.
: 12. x N,
5x 7 < 2x + 8.
a a l 0, a a > 0, :
1) |a| = a a < 0 2) |a| = a a m 0.
13. ) |x 1| = 3; ) |x + 2| = 1; ) |3 x| = a; ) |x a| = 2.
1. |x| m x m |x|. 14. ) |x 3| = x 3; ) |x 3| = 3 x; ) |x 3| = x.
2. , a > 0 |x| < a 15. ) |2x 1| = |x + 3|; ) |x a| = |x 4|.
a < x < a ( a l 0 |x| m a 16. ) |x 4| + |x + 4| = 9; ) |x 4| + |x + 4| = 8;
a m x m a). ) |x 4| |x + 4| = 8; ) |x + 4| |x 4| = 8.
3. , x - 17. |x 3| + |x + 2| |x 4| = 3.
|x| > a, , - 18. a |2x + 3| + |2x 3| =
: x > a, x < a. = ax + 6 ?
4 5
I 4. , |a| < |b|:
) b < a < b, b > 0;
) b < a < b, b < 0.
5. , |x + y| m |x| + |y|.
. 6. , |x y| l |x| |y|.
x
7. , : ) |xy| = |x| |y|; ) x
--- = ------ , y 0.
8. , :
y y
) a b ,
a b
--- + --- l 2,
b a
1. . a = b;
) a b ,
a b
--- + --- m 2,
b a
. .
( ) a a = b.
, : , a 0, b 0 -
1) a a > 0;
a b
2) a = 0; --- + --- l 2,
b a
3) a a < 0.
. a = b.
a |a|. 9. :
a -
) ax = x2; ) (a 2)x = a2 4; ) (a2 9)x = a2 + 27.
:
10. :
a a > 0, ) 4x > 5; ) 5x + 6 m 3x 8; ) ax m 1; ) ax > 1.
|a| = 0 a = 0,
a a < 0. 11. :
3x > 1, 2x < , x > 1, 3x + 2 l 0,
a = 0 |a| = 0 = a = a, - ) x < 3; ) x > 1; ) 2x + 1 m 5; )
x+ 5 < 0.
: 12. x N,
5x 7 < 2x + 8.
a a l 0, a a > 0, :
1) |a| = a a < 0 2) |a| = a a m 0.
13. ) |x 1| = 3; ) |x + 2| = 1; ) |3 x| = a; ) |x a| = 2.
1. |x| m x m |x|. 14. ) |x 3| = x 3; ) |x 3| = 3 x; ) |x 3| = x.
2. , a > 0 |x| < a 15. ) |2x 1| = |x + 3|; ) |x a| = |x 4|.
a < x < a ( a l 0 |x| m a 16. ) |x 4| + |x + 4| = 9; ) |x 4| + |x + 4| = 8;
a m x m a). ) |x 4| |x + 4| = 8; ) |x + 4| |x 4| = 8.
3. , x - 17. |x 3| + |x + 2| |x 4| = 3.
|x| > a, , - 18. a |2x + 3| + |2x 3| =
: x > a, x < a. = ax + 6 ?
4 5
: ,
19. ) |x| > a; ) |x 1| > 1; ) |x 1| > 1.
k1 = 1
--- .
20. ) |x| < a; ) |x + 2| m 2; ) |x + 2| < 2. k
21. ) |2x + 1| > x; ) |2x + 3| m 4x. , (x0; y0) -
22. ) |1 3x| |x + 2| m 2; ) |x + 2| + |x 3| > 5. k,
23. : y y0 = k(x x0),
|x| l x, |x| m x,
) ) , M1(x1; y1)
2x 1 > 3; |x + 2| > 1.
24. a f(x) = (a 2)x + 3a 4, M2(x2; y2),
x (; +), : ) ; ) ? x x1 y y1
------------------- = ------------------ .
25. a f(x) = (a + 3)x + 5a, x2 x1 y2 y1
x (; +), ?
26. k, f(x) = (k 1)x + y = f(x) (x0; y0), y0 = f(x0), -
+ k2 3, x (; +): ) ; ) f(x0), -
. y = f(x) (x0; y0)
27. m, y = (m2 y y0 = f(x0) (x x0),
4)x + |m|, x (; +), .
. (. . , -
28. f(x). , ) y = f(x)
F(x) = f(f(x)) . 1
- (x x0).
y y0 = ---------------
f ( x 0 )
. - :
xOy.
29. ) y = 2x; ) y = 1
--- x.
y (. 1), - 3
b Oy ( - 30. ) y = x 2; ) y = 3 x.
+ ),
kx 31. ) y = 2x 1; ) y = 1 3x.
= y = kx + b, k = tg , 32. ) y = |x 1|; ) y = |x + 2|.
y
O x 33. ) y = |1 + 2x|; ) y = |4x + 2|.
tg ,
34. y = ||x 1| 2|.
-
Ox, b , - 35. y = |x + 2| + |x 3|. 36. y = |2x + 1| |2x 2|.
. 1 x x2
Oy; 37. y = x + -----
-. 38. y = x + |x 1| + ---------------
-.
x x2
, Oy -
x = x0 Ox, :
y
x = x0, x x0 = 0; 39. ------------
x + 1 = 1.
- 40. |y| + x = 1.
, Ox - 41. |x| + |y| = 2. 42. |y 3| = |x 1|.
y = y0 Oy,
y = y0, y y0 = 0. xOy , -
:
y = kx + b y = k1x + b1 , 43. y > x. 44. y < x.
: k = k1. - 45. y l |x|. 46. x > |y|.
6 7
: ,
19. ) |x| > a; ) |x 1| > 1; ) |x 1| > 1.
k1 = 1
--- .
20. ) |x| < a; ) |x + 2| m 2; ) |x + 2| < 2. k
21. ) |2x + 1| > x; ) |2x + 3| m 4x. , (x0; y0) -
22. ) |1 3x| |x + 2| m 2; ) |x + 2| + |x 3| > 5. k,
23. : y y0 = k(x x0),
|x| l x, |x| m x,
) ) , M1(x1; y1)
2x 1 > 3; |x + 2| > 1.
24. a f(x) = (a 2)x + 3a 4, M2(x2; y2),
x (; +), : ) ; ) ? x x1 y y1
------------------- = ------------------ .
25. a f(x) = (a + 3)x + 5a, x2 x1 y2 y1
x (; +), ?
26. k, f(x) = (k 1)x + y = f(x) (x0; y0), y0 = f(x0), -
+ k2 3, x (; +): ) ; ) f(x0), -
. y = f(x) (x0; y0)
27. m, y = (m2 y y0 = f(x0) (x x0),
4)x + |m|, x (; +), .
. (. . , -
28. f(x). , ) y = f(x)
F(x) = f(f(x)) . 1
- (x x0).
y y0 = ---------------
f ( x 0 )
. - :
xOy.
29. ) y = 2x; ) y = 1
--- x.
y (. 1), - 3
b Oy ( - 30. ) y = x 2; ) y = 3 x.
+ ),
kx 31. ) y = 2x 1; ) y = 1 3x.
= y = kx + b, k = tg , 32. ) y = |x 1|; ) y = |x + 2|.
y
O x 33. ) y = |1 + 2x|; ) y = |4x + 2|.
tg ,
34. y = ||x 1| 2|.
-
Ox, b , - 35. y = |x + 2| + |x 3|. 36. y = |2x + 1| |2x 2|.
. 1 x x2
Oy; 37. y = x + -----
-. 38. y = x + |x 1| + ---------------
-.
x x2
, Oy -
x = x0 Ox, :
y
x = x0, x x0 = 0; 39. ------------
x + 1 = 1.
- 40. |y| + x = 1.
, Ox - 41. |x| + |y| = 2. 42. |y 3| = |x 1|.
y = y0 Oy,
y = y0, y y0 = 0. xOy , -
:
y = kx + b y = k1x + b1 , 43. y > x. 44. y < x.
: k = k1. - 45. y l |x|. 46. x > |y|.
6 7
xOy , - 1
11. (arcsin x) = -------------------
- , |x| < 1.
: 1 x2
47. y + |y| x |x| = 0. 48. |x + y| + |x y| = 4.
1
49. |y|x = x. 50. |x y| + y = 0. 12. (arccos x) = -------------------
- , |x| < 1.
1 x2
51. a, y -
x = 0, 1
13. (arctg x) = ---------------
-.
1 + x2
2x + 1 x m 0,
y = x + a x > 0. 1
14. (arcctg x) = ---------------
-.
1+x 2
. u(x) v(x) - , ,
D R , - , D R,
:
(uv) = uv + vu 1. (c f(x)) = c f(x), c = const.
x D, 2. [(f(x))] = (f(x)) 1 f(x), f(x) > 0 R; f(x) R
= 2n + 1, n Z.
u = uv vu
--v- ------------------------
v2 3. (ef(x)) = ef(x) f(x).
4. (af(x)) = af(x) ln a f(x), a > 0, a 1.
x D, v(x) 0. f ( x )
- , f(x) 0.
5. (ln|f(x)|) = ------------
52. : f(x)
) y = |3x + 1|; ) y = |x + 1| + x + 1; f ( x )
- , f(x) 0, a > 0, a 1.
6. (loga |f(x)|) = --------------------
) y = |x + 1| + |x 1|; ) y = |x 3| |x + 3|. f ( x )lna
7. (sin f(x)) = cos f(x) f(x).
8. (cos f(x)) = sin f(x) f(x).
: f ( x )
- , f(x) --- + n, n Z.
9. (tg f(x)) = ----------------------
cos f ( x )
2 2
53. ) y = 3 x; ) y = --1- x + 1.
x f ( x )
- , f(x) n, n Z.
10. (ctg f(x)) = ----------------------
54. ) y = 2 + |x 4|; ) y = 3 |x|. sin 2 f ( x )
55. ) y = (|x + 10| + |x 10|); ) y = |x 4| |x + 5|; f ( x )
) y = |x + 4| |x + 3| + |x + 2| |x + 1| + |x|. 11. (arcsin f(x)) = ---------------------------
- , |f(x)| < 1.
1 f2(x )
f ( x )
12. (arccos f(x)) = ---------------------------
- , |f(x)| < 1.
1. C = 0, C = const. 1 f2(x )
2. (x) = x 1, x > 0, R; x R = 2n + 1, n Z. f ( x )
13. (arctg f(x)) = -----------------------
-.
3. (ex) = ex. 4. (ax) = ax ln a, a > 0, a 1. 1 + f (x)
2
f ( x )
5. (ln |x|) = --1- . 1
- , |x| 0, a > 0, a 1.
6. (loga |x|) = ------------- 14. (arcctg f(x)) = -----------------------
1 + f (x)
2
-.
x x ln a
7. (sin x) = cos x. 8. (cos x) = sin x. :
1 56. ) y = |2x 1|; ) y = 2 |3 4x|.
- , x --- + n, n Z.
9. (tg x) = --------------
cos x 2 2 57. ) y = |3x + 2| + |2x 3|; ) y = |x + 7| 2|x 2|.
1
- , x n, n Z.
10. (ctg x) = -------------- 58. y = 2|x 1| 3|x + 2| + x.
2
sin x 59. y = |x 2| + |x a|.
8 9
xOy , - 1
11. (arcsin x) = -------------------
- , |x| < 1.
: 1 x2
47. y + |y| x |x| = 0. 48. |x + y| + |x y| = 4.
1
49. |y|x = x. 50. |x y| + y = 0. 12. (arccos x) = -------------------
- , |x| < 1.
1 x2
51. a, y -
x = 0, 1
13. (arctg x) = ---------------
-.
1 + x2
2x + 1 x m 0,
y = x + a x > 0. 1
14. (arcctg x) = ---------------
-.
1+x 2
. u(x) v(x) - , ,
D R , - , D R,
:
(uv) = uv + vu 1. (c f(x)) = c f(x), c = const.
x D, 2. [(f(x))] = (f(x)) 1 f(x), f(x) > 0 R; f(x) R
= 2n + 1, n Z.
u = uv vu
--v- ------------------------
v2 3. (ef(x)) = ef(x) f(x).
4. (af(x)) = af(x) ln a f(x), a > 0, a 1.
x D, v(x) 0. f ( x )
- , f(x) 0.
5. (ln|f(x)|) = ------------
52. : f(x)
) y = |3x + 1|; ) y = |x + 1| + x + 1; f ( x )
- , f(x) 0, a > 0, a 1.
6. (loga |f(x)|) = --------------------
) y = |x + 1| + |x 1|; ) y = |x 3| |x + 3|. f ( x )lna
7. (sin f(x)) = cos f(x) f(x).
8. (cos f(x)) = sin f(x) f(x).
: f ( x )
- , f(x) --- + n, n Z.
9. (tg f(x)) = ----------------------
cos f ( x )
2 2
53. ) y = 3 x; ) y = --1- x + 1.
x f ( x )
- , f(x) n, n Z.
10. (ctg f(x)) = ----------------------
54. ) y = 2 + |x 4|; ) y = 3 |x|. sin 2 f ( x )
55. ) y = (|x + 10| + |x 10|); ) y = |x 4| |x + 5|; f ( x )
) y = |x + 4| |x + 3| + |x + 2| |x + 1| + |x|. 11. (arcsin f(x)) = ---------------------------
- , |f(x)| < 1.
1 f2(x )
f ( x )
12. (arccos f(x)) = ---------------------------
- , |f(x)| < 1.
1. C = 0, C = const. 1 f2(x )
2. (x) = x 1, x > 0, R; x R = 2n + 1, n Z. f ( x )
13. (arctg f(x)) = -----------------------
-.
3. (ex) = ex. 4. (ax) = ax ln a, a > 0, a 1. 1 + f (x)
2
f ( x )
5. (ln |x|) = --1- . 1
- , |x| 0, a > 0, a 1.
6. (loga |x|) = ------------- 14. (arcctg f(x)) = -----------------------
1 + f (x)
2
-.
x x ln a
7. (sin x) = cos x. 8. (cos x) = sin x. :
1 56. ) y = |2x 1|; ) y = 2 |3 4x|.
- , x --- + n, n Z.
9. (tg x) = --------------
cos x 2 2 57. ) y = |3x + 2| + |2x 3|; ) y = |x + 7| 2|x 2|.
1
- , x n, n Z.
10. (ctg x) = -------------- 58. y = 2|x 1| 3|x + 2| + x.
2
sin x 59. y = |x 2| + |x a|.
8 9
x + 1 x < 2, D = p2 4q l 0,
60. y = a x = 2,
5 x x > 2. x1, 2 = -------------------------------------
p p 2 4q
; D = 0,
2
a, -
x = 2. : x1, 2 = --p- ; D < 0,
2
61. .
y = |x a| [1; 2] (a 1; a 2).
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 D l 0
:
x1,2 = --------------------------------
b b 2 ac
-,
62. ) |4x |x 1| + 7| = 16; ) |3x + |x 2| + 8| = 15; a
) |2x + |x + 1| 6| = 12; ) |x |x + 2| + 5| = 13.
63. ) |x 2| + |3 x| = 1; ) |4x 3| + |5 4x| = 2; x2 + 2px + q = 0 x1, 2 = p p2 q .
) |1 2x| + |4 2x| = 3; ) |3x 4| + |8 3x| = 4. y = ax2 + bx + c -
b 4ac b 2
: ------
- ; ---------------------- .
2a 4a
64. ) |9 2x| |2 3x| l 1; ) |7 4x| |1 3x| m 1;
) |8 3x| |1 5x| l 1; ) |2 4x| |3 2x| m 1. p p 2 4q
x1 = ------------------------------------- x2 = -------------------------------------
p + p 2 4q
-
65. ) |x + 2| > ||2x 1| 6| 1; ) 4||x 1| 5| |x + 1| m 1; 2 2
) 1 + 3||x + 2| 4| m 2|x 3|; ) |x 2| |4 3|x + 1|| l 1.
x2 + px + q = 0 (1)
, = p2 4q >
2. . > 0. :
1. (1) p > 0, q > 0,
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) . x1 < x2 < 0.
D = b2 4ac - 2. (1) p < 0, q > 0,
. D l 0, - 0 < x1 < x2.
: 3. (1) p > 0, q < 0,
x1, 2 = --------------------------------------
b b 2 4ac
-. x1 < 0 < x2.
2a
4. (1) p < 0, q < 0,
b x1 < 0 < x2.
D = 0, : x1, 2 = ------
- ; D < 0,
2a
5. (1) p > 0, q = 0,
. x1 < x2 = 0.
-
6. (1) p < 0, q = 0,
0 = x1 < x2.
x1 + x2 = --b- , x1x2 = --c- .
a a 7. (1) p = 0, q < 0,
x1 < 0 < x2.
x2 + px + q = 0 .
. 1. :
, - ) x2 7x + 12 = 0; ) x2 + 4x + 5 = 0;
, : ) 6x2 5x + 1 = 0; ) 3x2 + 10x + 3 = 0;
x1 + x2 = p, x1x2 = q. ) x2 2x 5 = 0; ) 2x2 + x 8 = 0.
10 11
x + 1 x < 2, D = p2 4q l 0,
60. y = a x = 2,
5 x x > 2. x1, 2 = -------------------------------------
p p 2 4q
; D = 0,
2
a, -
x = 2. : x1, 2 = --p- ; D < 0,
2
61. .
y = |x a| [1; 2] (a 1; a 2).
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 D l 0
:
x1,2 = --------------------------------
b b 2 ac
-,
62. ) |4x |x 1| + 7| = 16; ) |3x + |x 2| + 8| = 15; a
) |2x + |x + 1| 6| = 12; ) |x |x + 2| + 5| = 13.
63. ) |x 2| + |3 x| = 1; ) |4x 3| + |5 4x| = 2; x2 + 2px + q = 0 x1, 2 = p p2 q .
) |1 2x| + |4 2x| = 3; ) |3x 4| + |8 3x| = 4. y = ax2 + bx + c -
b 4ac b 2
: ------
- ; ---------------------- .
2a 4a
64. ) |9 2x| |2 3x| l 1; ) |7 4x| |1 3x| m 1;
) |8 3x| |1 5x| l 1; ) |2 4x| |3 2x| m 1. p p 2 4q
x1 = ------------------------------------- x2 = -------------------------------------
p + p 2 4q
-
65. ) |x + 2| > ||2x 1| 6| 1; ) 4||x 1| 5| |x + 1| m 1; 2 2
) 1 + 3||x + 2| 4| m 2|x 3|; ) |x 2| |4 3|x + 1|| l 1.
x2 + px + q = 0 (1)
, = p2 4q >
2. . > 0. :
1. (1) p > 0, q > 0,
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) . x1 < x2 < 0.
D = b2 4ac - 2. (1) p < 0, q > 0,
. D l 0, - 0 < x1 < x2.
: 3. (1) p > 0, q < 0,
x1, 2 = --------------------------------------
b b 2 4ac
-. x1 < 0 < x2.
2a
4. (1) p < 0, q < 0,
b x1 < 0 < x2.
D = 0, : x1, 2 = ------
- ; D < 0,
2a
5. (1) p > 0, q = 0,
. x1 < x2 = 0.
-
6. (1) p < 0, q = 0,
0 = x1 < x2.
x1 + x2 = --b- , x1x2 = --c- .
a a 7. (1) p = 0, q < 0,
x1 < 0 < x2.
x2 + px + q = 0 .
. 1. :
, - ) x2 7x + 12 = 0; ) x2 + 4x + 5 = 0;
, : ) 6x2 5x + 1 = 0; ) 3x2 + 10x + 3 = 0;
x1 + x2 = p, x1x2 = q. ) x2 2x 5 = 0; ) 2x2 + x 8 = 0.
10 11
2. : 14. x1 x2 x2 + 2(k 3)x + 9 = 0
) x2 3x 4 > 0; ) x2 3x 4 m 0; (x1 x2). k
) x2 + 4x + 4 > 0; ) 4x2 + 4x + 1 m 0; 6 < x1 < 1 6 < x2 < 1?
) 2x2 x + 5 > 0; ) x2 x + 1 < 0. 15. k, -
3. : (k 5)x2 2kx + k 4 = 0 1, 2.
2x2 5x + 2 = 0, x2 2x 3 = 0, 16. m mx2 9mx + 5m +
a) ) + 1 > 0 x R?
x 2 < 0; x + 4 l 0;
17. m,
x2 9 l 0, x2 6x + 5 l 0, 1 m x m 2 x2 mx +
) )
x 4 < 0; x2 25 m 0; + 1 < 0.
x2 + 6x + 9 m 0, x2 + x + 8 < 0, :
) )
2x 5 > 0; x2 + 6x + 5 = 0; 18. ) x2 |x| 2 = 0; ) x2 + 5|x| + 4 = 0.
2
19. ) 2x |5x 2| = 0; ) x2 |x 1| = 0.
|x 2| + |x 3| = 1,
) 2 2
20. ) |x + x 6| = x + x 6; ) |6x2 5x + 1| = 5x 6x2 1;
813x 974 m 163x2.
2 2
) |x + x| = x + x; ) |x2 x + 5| = x x2 5.
4. x1 x2 x2 + x 7 = 0.
2
21. ) |x 1| = x + 3; ) |x2 1| = |x + 3|.
2 2 3 3 4 4
, : ) x 1 + x 2 ; ) x 1 + x 2 ; ) x 1 + x 2 . 22. ) |2x2 1| = x2 2x 3; ) |2x2 1| = |x2 2x 3|.
5. ax2 + bx + c = 0. , x1, x2, 23. |x2 3|x| + 2| = x2 2x.
x3 - :
, a = b = c = 0. 24. ) x2 |x| 12 < 0; ) x2 + 2|x| 15 l 0;
6. a ) x 7|x| + 10 m 0;
2 ) 8x2 + |x| + 1 > 0;
(a2 3a + 2)x2 (a2 5a + 4)x + a a2 = 0 ) 4x2 + 2|x| + 0,25 < 0.
25. a) 3x2 |10x 3| > 0; ) x2 m |x 2|.
?
26. ) |x2 + x 20| m x2 + x 20; ) |x 2x2| > 2x2 x;
7. x2 + x + q = 0, p Z, q Z, -
) |x2 + 6x + 8| m x2 6x 8.
. , .
27. ) |x2 6| > 4x + 1; ) |x 3| > |x2 3|.
8. , x2 + (2m + 1)x + 2n + 1 = 0
28. ) |2x2 x 10| > |x2 8x 22|;
, m Z, n Z.
) |x2 5|x| + 4| l |2x2 3|x| + 1|.
9. a 2x2 (a3 + 8a
29. :
1)x + a2 4a = 0 ?
10. a, x2 ax + ) y = x 2 ; ) y = x 1 x 2 ; ) y = x 2 4x + 3 ; ) y =
+ 1 = 0 . 1 1
- ; ) y =
= ----------------------- 16 x 2 + x 2 + x ; ) y = x 2 x + -------------------
-.
11. k x2 + 2(k 1)x + k + 5 = x 2 + 4x 9 x2
= 0 ? 30. , f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a 0) -
12. m, - .
2x2 + mx + m2 5 = 0: ) 1; ) 1. 31. a f(x) = x2 + (a 1)x + 2
13. k, - (1; 2)?
x2 (k + 1)x + k2 + k 8 = 0 2, 32. , f(x) = x2 6x + 1
2. : ) (; 3); ) (5; 7).
12 13
2. : 14. x1 x2 x2 + 2(k 3)x + 9 = 0
) x2 3x 4 > 0; ) x2 3x 4 m 0; (x1 x2). k
) x2 + 4x + 4 > 0; ) 4x2 + 4x + 1 m 0; 6 < x1 < 1 6 < x2 < 1?
) 2x2 x + 5 > 0; ) x2 x + 1 < 0. 15. k, -
3. : (k 5)x2 2kx + k 4 = 0 1, 2.
2x2 5x + 2 = 0, x2 2x 3 = 0, 16. m mx2 9mx + 5m +
a) ) + 1 > 0 x R?
x 2 < 0; x + 4 l 0;
17. m,
x2 9 l 0, x2 6x + 5 l 0, 1 m x m 2 x2 mx +
) )
x 4 < 0; x2 25 m 0; + 1 < 0.
x2 + 6x + 9 m 0, x2 + x + 8 < 0, :
) )
2x 5 > 0; x2 + 6x + 5 = 0; 18. ) x2 |x| 2 = 0; ) x2 + 5|x| + 4 = 0.
2
19. ) 2x |5x 2| = 0; ) x2 |x 1| = 0.
|x 2| + |x 3| = 1,
) 2 2
20. ) |x + x 6| = x + x 6; ) |6x2 5x + 1| = 5x 6x2 1;
813x 974 m 163x2.
2 2
) |x + x| = x + x; ) |x2 x + 5| = x x2 5.
4. x1 x2 x2 + x 7 = 0.
2
21. ) |x 1| = x + 3; ) |x2 1| = |x + 3|.
2 2 3 3 4 4
, : ) x 1 + x 2 ; ) x 1 + x 2 ; ) x 1 + x 2 . 22. ) |2x2 1| = x2 2x 3; ) |2x2 1| = |x2 2x 3|.
5. ax2 + bx + c = 0. , x1, x2, 23. |x2 3|x| + 2| = x2 2x.
x3 - :
, a = b = c = 0. 24. ) x2 |x| 12 < 0; ) x2 + 2|x| 15 l 0;
6. a ) x 7|x| + 10 m 0;
2 ) 8x2 + |x| + 1 > 0;
(a2 3a + 2)x2 (a2 5a + 4)x + a a2 = 0 ) 4x2 + 2|x| + 0,25 < 0.
25. a) 3x2 |10x 3| > 0; ) x2 m |x 2|.
?
26. ) |x2 + x 20| m x2 + x 20; ) |x 2x2| > 2x2 x;
7. x2 + x + q = 0, p Z, q Z, -
) |x2 + 6x + 8| m x2 6x 8.
. , .
27. ) |x2 6| > 4x + 1; ) |x 3| > |x2 3|.
8. , x2 + (2m + 1)x + 2n + 1 = 0
28. ) |2x2 x 10| > |x2 8x 22|;
, m Z, n Z.
) |x2 5|x| + 4| l |2x2 3|x| + 1|.
9. a 2x2 (a3 + 8a
29. :
1)x + a2 4a = 0 ?
10. a, x2 ax + ) y = x 2 ; ) y = x 1 x 2 ; ) y = x 2 4x + 3 ; ) y =
+ 1 = 0 . 1 1
- ; ) y =
= ----------------------- 16 x 2 + x 2 + x ; ) y = x 2 x + -------------------
-.
11. k x2 + 2(k 1)x + k + 5 = x 2 + 4x 9 x2
= 0 ? 30. , f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a 0) -
12. m, - .
2x2 + mx + m2 5 = 0: ) 1; ) 1. 31. a f(x) = x2 + (a 1)x + 2
13. k, - (1; 2)?
x2 (k + 1)x + k2 + k 8 = 0 2, 32. , f(x) = x2 6x + 1
2. : ) (; 3); ) (5; 7).
12 13
: 47. y = x2 x1 = a,
33. ) y = x2; ) y = (x 2)2; x2 = 3a, a 0. . -
) y = 2(x 2) ;2 ) y = 2(x 2)2 1.
34. ) y = x ;2 ) y = (x + 1)2; ?
) y = 0,5(x + 1) ; 2 ) y = 2 0,5(x + 1)2. 48.
2
35. ) y = x + 5x + 6; ) y = 4x2 + 4x + 1; y = 2x2 + 16x 31, .
2
) y = x + x + 1. 49.
36. ) y = 3x x2 2; ) y = 2x x2 1; y = 2x2 + 8x, .
50. k y =
) y = x x2 1.
= 4x x2 M(1; 3):
37. ) y = x2 4|x| + 3; ) y = x2 + 4|x| + 3;
a) y = x2 6x + k;
) y = 2 |x| x2.
) y = x2 6x + k ?
38. ) y = |x2 + x|; ) y = |x2 2x|.
2
39. ) y = |x 3|x| + 2|; ) y = |x2 |x| 6|. :
40. ) y = |x|(x 2); ) y = (3 x)|x + 1|. 51. ) y = x2 6x + 1; ) y = x2 + 4x 3;
41. y = |x2 4| |x2 9|. ) y = 1
--- x2 + 5x; ) y = 1 1
--- x2 + 2,5x --- .
2 4 3
42. :
52. ) y = x2 |x|; ) y = 2x2
+ |x + 3|.
a) y = x2 6x + 15; ) y = x2 x + 5;
53. a) y = |x2 6x + 5|; ) y = |4x + x2|;
) y = 3x2 + x + sin 1; ) y = 4x2 (tg 2)x + ; ) y = |x2 + 2x + 6|.
) y = 1
--- x2 x 3 + 2 2 ; ) y = 1
--- x2 + x + arctg 4; 54. a) y = |x2 4| + |x + 3|; ) y = |x2 1| + |x2 3|.
2 3
55. a) y = x|2 x|; ) y = (x 5) |x 1|;
) y = (5x + 1)2; ) y = (0,5x 4)2; ) y = (x 2) |x 2|.
2
) y = ax + |a|; ) y = (a 1)x2 ax. 56. -
43. x0 :
: ) y = x2 3x + 1; ) y = x2 4x + 8;
) y = x2 5x + 6, x0 = 1; ) y = x2 + 3x, x0 = 2; 2
) y = 0,5x |x|; ) y = |0,5x 2 |x||.
57. -
) y = 1
--- x2 x, x0 = 1; ) y = 1
--- x2 + x, x0 = 0. :
2 2
44. x0 - ) y = 1
--- x2 x 2; ) y = 2x2 + 8x 3;
3
:
2
) y = |x 4| x2; ) y = ||x 4| x2|.
) y = 2x2 + x, x0 = 2; ) y = x2 + 2x, x0 = 3; ) y = x
------ + x 3 ,
2 :
x0 = 0; ) y = 2x x2, x0 = 1,5; ) y = 3x + 4x2, x0 = 2. 58. ) y = x2; ) y = x2; ) y = (x 1)2;
45. M (x0; y0) - ) y = (2 + x) ; ) y = x + 2x + 100; ) y = 4x2 + x 5.
2 2
: 59. ) y = x|x|; ) y = |2x + 3|2; ) y = (x 2)|x + 1|.
) y = 3x2 6x + 1, M(0; 1); ) y = 0,5x2 4x + 3, M(1; 6,5); 2
60. ) y = x 3|x| + 2; ) y = x2 + 3|x| + 2;
) y = x2 4x + 8, M(2; 4). ) y = x2 |x 1| + 3.
46. a y = ax2 + 61. ) y = |x2 6|x| + 8|; ) y = |x2 |x 2| 14|.
+ x 3 M(1; a 2) y = 2x 1? 2 2
62. ) y = |x 1| |x 4|; ) y = |x2 4| + |x2 25|.
14 15
: 47. y = x2 x1 = a,
33. ) y = x2; ) y = (x 2)2; x2 = 3a, a 0. . -
) y = 2(x 2) ;2 ) y = 2(x 2)2 1.
34. ) y = x ;2 ) y = (x + 1)2; ?
) y = 0,5(x + 1) ; 2 ) y = 2 0,5(x + 1)2. 48.
2
35. ) y = x + 5x + 6; ) y = 4x2 + 4x + 1; y = 2x2 + 16x 31, .
2
) y = x + x + 1. 49.
36. ) y = 3x x2 2; ) y = 2x x2 1; y = 2x2 + 8x, .
50. k y =
) y = x x2 1.
= 4x x2 M(1; 3):
37. ) y = x2 4|x| + 3; ) y = x2 + 4|x| + 3;
a) y = x2 6x + k;
) y = 2 |x| x2.
) y = x2 6x + k ?
38. ) y = |x2 + x|; ) y = |x2 2x|.
2
39. ) y = |x 3|x| + 2|; ) y = |x2 |x| 6|. :
40. ) y = |x|(x 2); ) y = (3 x)|x + 1|. 51. ) y = x2 6x + 1; ) y = x2 + 4x 3;
41. y = |x2 4| |x2 9|. ) y = 1
--- x2 + 5x; ) y = 1 1
--- x2 + 2,5x --- .
2 4 3
42. :
52. ) y = x2 |x|; ) y = 2x2
+ |x + 3|.
a) y = x2 6x + 15; ) y = x2 x + 5;
53. a) y = |x2 6x + 5|; ) y = |4x + x2|;
) y = 3x2 + x + sin 1; ) y = 4x2 (tg 2)x + ; ) y = |x2 + 2x + 6|.
) y = 1
--- x2 x 3 + 2 2 ; ) y = 1
--- x2 + x + arctg 4; 54. a) y = |x2 4| + |x + 3|; ) y = |x2 1| + |x2 3|.
2 3
55. a) y = x|2 x|; ) y = (x 5) |x 1|;
) y = (5x + 1)2; ) y = (0,5x 4)2; ) y = (x 2) |x 2|.
2
) y = ax + |a|; ) y = (a 1)x2 ax. 56. -
43. x0 :
: ) y = x2 3x + 1; ) y = x2 4x + 8;
) y = x2 5x + 6, x0 = 1; ) y = x2 + 3x, x0 = 2; 2
) y = 0,5x |x|; ) y = |0,5x 2 |x||.
57. -
) y = 1
--- x2 x, x0 = 1; ) y = 1
--- x2 + x, x0 = 0. :
2 2
44. x0 - ) y = 1
--- x2 x 2; ) y = 2x2 + 8x 3;
3
:
2
) y = |x 4| x2; ) y = ||x 4| x2|.
) y = 2x2 + x, x0 = 2; ) y = x2 + 2x, x0 = 3; ) y = x
------ + x 3 ,
2 :
x0 = 0; ) y = 2x x2, x0 = 1,5; ) y = 3x + 4x2, x0 = 2. 58. ) y = x2; ) y = x2; ) y = (x 1)2;
45. M (x0; y0) - ) y = (2 + x) ; ) y = x + 2x + 100; ) y = 4x2 + x 5.
2 2
: 59. ) y = x|x|; ) y = |2x + 3|2; ) y = (x 2)|x + 1|.
) y = 3x2 6x + 1, M(0; 1); ) y = 0,5x2 4x + 3, M(1; 6,5); 2
60. ) y = x 3|x| + 2; ) y = x2 + 3|x| + 2;
) y = x2 4x + 8, M(2; 4). ) y = x2 |x 1| + 3.
46. a y = ax2 + 61. ) y = |x2 6|x| + 8|; ) y = |x2 |x 2| 14|.
+ x 3 M(1; a 2) y = 2x 1? 2 2
62. ) y = |x 1| |x 4|; ) y = |x2 4| + |x2 25|.
14 15
71. , :
: ) x2 + (2a 1)x + a2 + 2 = 0
63. ) y = 3x2 x + 5 [1; 2]; 2 ;
) y = 4x2 + 5x 8 [2; 3]; ) px2 (p + 3)x + 3 = 0 1,5;
) y = x2 2x + 5 [1; 2]; ) x2 + bx + b + 2 = 0 2;
) y = x2 + 6x 1 [0; 4]. ) x2 (3c + 2)x + c2 = 0 9
64. ) y = x2 + |x + 2| [3; 1]; .
) y = (x 3) |2 x| [1; 4]; 72. , :
) y = |x2 4|x|| [1; 3]. ) 2x2 ( a 2 1 )x + a = 0 -
65. x1 x2 (x1 x2) f(x) = ax2 + bx + ;
+ c. , x0 (x1; x2), - ) 3x2 + c 2 3c + 2x + 3c = 0 ,
f(x) . ;
66. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c [x1; x2],
) 0,5x2 + p 2 5p + 6x + 2p = 0 -
f(x1) = f(x2) = A, x1 x2. ,
;
x0 (x1; x2), f(x)
. ) x2 + q 2 5q + 4x q + 2 = 0 -
67. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a 0) [x1; x2]. .
73. , -
x0 (x1; x2) , f(x2)
x, -
f(x1) = f(x0) (x2 x1). x0. , , x0. , :
68. : ) (a 3)x2 (a + 1)x + a + 1 > 0, x0 = 2;
) |x2 3|x 1|| < x + 2; ) |x2 + 2|x 3|| l 4x + 5;
) (2 b)x2 (b + 2)x b 2 > 0, x0 = 2;
) x + |x 2|2x + 1|| < 0,25; ) 2x |0,52 |1 6x|| m 3.
2
69. x1 x2 , ) (2c 1)x2 2(c + 2)x + 2c + 4 > 0, x0 = 2;
. - ) 3(1 d)x2 (3d + 1)x 3d 1 > 0, x0 = 2.
, : 74. a 2x2 (a + 1)x +
2 2 + (a 1) = 0 ?
) x2 + 5x + c = 0, x 1 + x 2 = 13;
75. a (2 x)(x + 1) = a
1 1 1 ?
) x2 + x + a = 0, -----
- + ------ = --- ;
x1 x2 2
2 2
) x2 + px 5 = 0, x 1 + x 2 = 11;
3.
1 1
) x2 + bx 1 = 0, -----
- + ------ = 4.
x1 x2
:
70. ,
: 1. ) --1- = 5; 2
) ------------ 4 1
- = 0; ) ------------- = a; ) ---------------- = a.
x x1 x+2 2x
) x2 2ax + 8a 15 = 0, (1; +); 3 2 2 x+1
- = --- ; ) ------------- + x = ------------- ;
2. ) ------------
) x2 + 2bx + 6b 8 = 0, (; 1); x1 x x1 x1
) x2 2cx + 5c 4 = 0, (0; +); x2 + 3 1 1 2
) ---------------
- = 2; ) ------------- + ------------- = ------------------------------------ .
) x2 + 2dx + 7d 12 = 0, (; 0). x+3 xa x1 (x a)(x 1)
16 17
71. , :
: ) x2 + (2a 1)x + a2 + 2 = 0
63. ) y = 3x2 x + 5 [1; 2]; 2 ;
) y = 4x2 + 5x 8 [2; 3]; ) px2 (p + 3)x + 3 = 0 1,5;
) y = x2 2x + 5 [1; 2]; ) x2 + bx + b + 2 = 0 2;
) y = x2 + 6x 1 [0; 4]. ) x2 (3c + 2)x + c2 = 0 9
64. ) y = x2 + |x + 2| [3; 1]; .
) y = (x 3) |2 x| [1; 4]; 72. , :
) y = |x2 4|x|| [1; 3]. ) 2x2 ( a 2 1 )x + a = 0 -
65. x1 x2 (x1 x2) f(x) = ax2 + bx + ;
+ c. , x0 (x1; x2), - ) 3x2 + c 2 3c + 2x + 3c = 0 ,
f(x) . ;
66. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c [x1; x2],
) 0,5x2 + p 2 5p + 6x + 2p = 0 -
f(x1) = f(x2) = A, x1 x2. ,
;
x0 (x1; x2), f(x)
. ) x2 + q 2 5q + 4x q + 2 = 0 -
67. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a 0) [x1; x2]. .
73. , -
x0 (x1; x2) , f(x2)
x, -
f(x1) = f(x0) (x2 x1). x0. , , x0. , :
68. : ) (a 3)x2 (a + 1)x + a + 1 > 0, x0 = 2;
) |x2 3|x 1|| < x + 2; ) |x2 + 2|x 3|| l 4x + 5;
) (2 b)x2 (b + 2)x b 2 > 0, x0 = 2;
) x + |x 2|2x + 1|| < 0,25; ) 2x |0,52 |1 6x|| m 3.
2
69. x1 x2 , ) (2c 1)x2 2(c + 2)x + 2c + 4 > 0, x0 = 2;
. - ) 3(1 d)x2 (3d + 1)x 3d 1 > 0, x0 = 2.
, : 74. a 2x2 (a + 1)x +
2 2 + (a 1) = 0 ?
) x2 + 5x + c = 0, x 1 + x 2 = 13;
75. a (2 x)(x + 1) = a
1 1 1 ?
) x2 + x + a = 0, -----
- + ------ = --- ;
x1 x2 2
2 2
) x2 + px 5 = 0, x 1 + x 2 = 11;
3.
1 1
) x2 + bx 1 = 0, -----
- + ------ = 4.
x1 x2
:
70. ,
: 1. ) --1- = 5; 2
) ------------ 4 1
- = 0; ) ------------- = a; ) ---------------- = a.
x x1 x+2 2x
) x2 2ax + 8a 15 = 0, (1; +); 3 2 2 x+1
- = --- ; ) ------------- + x = ------------- ;
2. ) ------------
) x2 + 2bx + 6b 8 = 0, (; 1); x1 x x1 x1
) x2 2cx + 5c 4 = 0, (0; +); x2 + 3 1 1 2
) ---------------
- = 2; ) ------------- + ------------- = ------------------------------------ .
) x2 + 2dx + 7d 12 = 0, (; 0). x+3 xa x1 (x a)(x 1)
16 17
: 17. :
3. a) --1- > 1; ) --1- m 1; 1
) ------------
- > 1; ) y = --3- , x0 = 1; 1
) y = -----
- , x0 = 2;
x x x2 x x
1 a a 1 x3
- m2;
) ------------ ) ------------
- > 1; - l 1.
) ------------ ) y = 2x
----------------- , x0 = 0; ) y = ---------------
- , x0 = 1.
x+3 x1 x+1 x1 x+1
1 1 1 1 18. x0 Ox
4. a) ------------
- ------------- > 0; - m ----------------- .
) ----------------
x1 x+3 2x 3 2x + 5 :
x 2 5x + 4 x+3 2
5. - l 0;
a) ----------------------------- ) ------------------------------------
- < 0.
1
) y = ------------
- , x0 = 2; ) y = x
------------- , x0 = 0;
x4 3x + 10x + 3
2 1x x+3
2x x1
2
- m 1;
6. ) --------------- 2
) --------------- 3 ;
- > ----------------
- ) y = 1
----------------- , x0 = 3; ) y = ---------------
- , x0 = 2;
x+2 x2 2x 1 x x+3
3x
x2 4x + 4 x2 1 2(x + 1)
- + ---------------- 12 < 0; ) x 2 1 --- < ---------------------- .
) -----------------------------
1
) y = --1- ------------
- , x0 = 2; ) y = 2 1
----------------- + ------ , x0 = 1.
x 2 6x + 9 x3 a 3a x 1x 2x + 1 x
: 19. P(x0; y0) -
:
7. ) y = --2- ; ) y = --1- ; 1
) y = ------------
-;
1
) y = ------------
-.
x x 2+x 1x ) y = --3- , P(3; 1); 1
) y = ------------
- , P(1; 1);
1 1 x x2
8. a) y = ---------------
-; ) y = -------------------
-.
x3 2x + 1 x3 3 x2 1 1
- , P 0; --- ; ) y = ----------------- ---------------- , P 1; --- .
) y = ---------------
x+2 2 2x + 1 x3 6
9. ) y = 2 + --1- ; ) y =1 --2- ;
x x 1
20. y = x
------------- M, -
1 1 1 x+1
) y = ------------
- --- ; ) y = 3 ------------
-.
x+1 2 x2 : ) y = 2x + 1;
+1 1
10. ) y = x
------------- ; ) y = x
------------- ; ) y = 1
--- x 3.
x1 x+1 8
2 +2 21. , ,
) y = 2x
----------------- ; ) y = x
------------- .
x+3 3x 4
y= x
------------- , -
1 2 x2
11. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = -------------------------
-.
2 x x1 1 .
x4 1x 22.
12. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-.
x+2 x+3 +9
y= x
------------- , .
x1 x 2 x+5
13. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = -------------------------
-.
x 1 x+3 1 +b
23. , y = ax
----------------
x1 x+1 1 x2 9 2 cx + d
14. ) y = ---------------
- + ---------------- --- ; ) y = ---------------- x + ------------- .
x1 x+1 x x+3 x1
(x1; x2) ad bc, c 0, x = d
---
: c
(x1; x2).
15. ) y = --1- ; ) y = --2- ; 1
) y = ---------------------
-;
1
) y = ------------
-.
x x 2(x + 1) 1x 24. :
3
2
16. ) y = 1 ------------
-;
1
) y = 3 + ----------------
-; ) y = x
------------- [0; 2];
x+2 2x 1 x+1
3 x4 +1
) y = 2x
----------------- ; ) y = ----------------
-. ) y = 2x
----------------- [1; 1].
x+1 1 3x x2
18 19
: 17. :
3. a) --1- > 1; ) --1- m 1; 1
) ------------
- > 1; ) y = --3- , x0 = 1; 1
) y = -----
- , x0 = 2;
x x x2 x x
1 a a 1 x3
- m2;
) ------------ ) ------------
- > 1; - l 1.
) ------------ ) y = 2x
----------------- , x0 = 0; ) y = ---------------
- , x0 = 1.
x+3 x1 x+1 x1 x+1
1 1 1 1 18. x0 Ox
4. a) ------------
- ------------- > 0; - m ----------------- .
) ----------------
x1 x+3 2x 3 2x + 5 :
x 2 5x + 4 x+3 2
5. - l 0;
a) ----------------------------- ) ------------------------------------
- < 0.
1
) y = ------------
- , x0 = 2; ) y = x
------------- , x0 = 0;
x4 3x + 10x + 3
2 1x x+3
2x x1
2
- m 1;
6. ) --------------- 2
) --------------- 3 ;
- > ----------------
- ) y = 1
----------------- , x0 = 3; ) y = ---------------
- , x0 = 2;
x+2 x2 2x 1 x x+3
3x
x2 4x + 4 x2 1 2(x + 1)
- + ---------------- 12 < 0; ) x 2 1 --- < ---------------------- .
) -----------------------------
1
) y = --1- ------------
- , x0 = 2; ) y = 2 1
----------------- + ------ , x0 = 1.
x 2 6x + 9 x3 a 3a x 1x 2x + 1 x
: 19. P(x0; y0) -
:
7. ) y = --2- ; ) y = --1- ; 1
) y = ------------
-;
1
) y = ------------
-.
x x 2+x 1x ) y = --3- , P(3; 1); 1
) y = ------------
- , P(1; 1);
1 1 x x2
8. a) y = ---------------
-; ) y = -------------------
-.
x3 2x + 1 x3 3 x2 1 1
- , P 0; --- ; ) y = ----------------- ---------------- , P 1; --- .
) y = ---------------
x+2 2 2x + 1 x3 6
9. ) y = 2 + --1- ; ) y =1 --2- ;
x x 1
20. y = x
------------- M, -
1 1 1 x+1
) y = ------------
- --- ; ) y = 3 ------------
-.
x+1 2 x2 : ) y = 2x + 1;
+1 1
10. ) y = x
------------- ; ) y = x
------------- ; ) y = 1
--- x 3.
x1 x+1 8
2 +2 21. , ,
) y = 2x
----------------- ; ) y = x
------------- .
x+3 3x 4
y= x
------------- , -
1 2 x2
11. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = -------------------------
-.
2 x x1 1 .
x4 1x 22.
12. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-.
x+2 x+3 +9
y= x
------------- , .
x1 x 2 x+5
13. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = -------------------------
-.
x 1 x+3 1 +b
23. , y = ax
----------------
x1 x+1 1 x2 9 2 cx + d
14. ) y = ---------------
- + ---------------- --- ; ) y = ---------------- x + ------------- .
x1 x+1 x x+3 x1
(x1; x2) ad bc, c 0, x = d
---
: c
(x1; x2).
15. ) y = --1- ; ) y = --2- ; 1
) y = ---------------------
-;
1
) y = ------------
-.
x x 2(x + 1) 1x 24. :
3
2
16. ) y = 1 ------------
-;
1
) y = 3 + ----------------
-; ) y = x
------------- [0; 2];
x+2 2x 1 x+1
3 x4 +1
) y = 2x
----------------- ; ) y = ----------------
-. ) y = 2x
----------------- [1; 1].
x+1 1 3x x2
18 19
25. y = --k- (k > 0) [x1; x2]. - 4x3 3x2 1 x1
x
x0 (x1; x2) , y(x2) y(x1) = 4x3 4x2 4x2 + x + 1
x2 1
= y(x0)(x2 x1). x0. 2 4x3 3x2 1 = (x 1)(4x2 + x + 1).
x x
x1
x 1
4. . . 0
: x = 1.
() n- anxn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + a0 = 0, an 0, n l 1 (2)
Pn(x) = an xn + ... + a1x + a0 (an 0)
n- .
x x0
. -
Pn ( x ) R ,
---------------- = Qn 1(x) + ---------------- , (1)
x x0 x x0 .
Qn 1(x) ( (n 1)- ), R - 2. 2x3 + 3x2 x + 2 = 0.
. 1, 2. -
, 2 .
. R Pn(x) 2x3 + 3x2 x + 2 x + 2, -
x x0 Pn(x) x0, . . R = 2x2 2x + 1;
= Pn(x0). (x + 2)(2x2 2x + 1) = 0.
, (1) Pn(x) =
x = 2,
= Qn 1(x)(x x0) + R. 2x2 2x + 1 .
Pn(x0) = Qn 1(x0)(x0 x0) + R, R = Pn(x0). : x = 2.
. x0 ( ) - . -
Pn(x), Pn(x0) = 0. m m
----- , ----- -
k k
. x0 - , m, -
Pn(x), . . Pn(x0) = 0, Pn(x) x x0 - k.
.
Pn(x0) = Qn 1(x0)(x0 x0) + R = 0 R = 0, 3. 3x3 + x2 + x 2 = 0.
1, 2, -
Pn(x) = Qn 1(x)(x x0).
1, 3. , -
1. 4x3 3x2 1 = 0. 1, 2, 1 2
--- , --- . -
3 3
, x = 1
, x = 2
--- .
4x3 3x2 1: 3
20 21
25. y = --k- (k > 0) [x1; x2]. - 4x3 3x2 1 x1
x
x0 (x1; x2) , y(x2) y(x1) = 4x3 4x2 4x2 + x + 1
x2 1
= y(x0)(x2 x1). x0. 2 4x3 3x2 1 = (x 1)(4x2 + x + 1).
x x
x1
x 1
4. . . 0
: x = 1.
() n- anxn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + a0 = 0, an 0, n l 1 (2)
Pn(x) = an xn + ... + a1x + a0 (an 0)
n- .
x x0
. -
Pn ( x ) R ,
---------------- = Qn 1(x) + ---------------- , (1)
x x0 x x0 .
Qn 1(x) ( (n 1)- ), R - 2. 2x3 + 3x2 x + 2 = 0.
. 1, 2. -
, 2 .
. R Pn(x) 2x3 + 3x2 x + 2 x + 2, -
x x0 Pn(x) x0, . . R = 2x2 2x + 1;
= Pn(x0). (x + 2)(2x2 2x + 1) = 0.
, (1) Pn(x) =
x = 2,
= Qn 1(x)(x x0) + R. 2x2 2x + 1 .
Pn(x0) = Qn 1(x0)(x0 x0) + R, R = Pn(x0). : x = 2.
. x0 ( ) - . -
Pn(x), Pn(x0) = 0. m m
----- , ----- -
k k
. x0 - , m, -
Pn(x), . . Pn(x0) = 0, Pn(x) x x0 - k.
.
Pn(x0) = Qn 1(x0)(x0 x0) + R = 0 R = 0, 3. 3x3 + x2 + x 2 = 0.
1, 2, -
Pn(x) = Qn 1(x)(x x0).
1, 3. , -
1. 4x3 3x2 1 = 0. 1, 2, 1 2
--- , --- . -
3 3
, x = 1
, x = 2
--- .
4x3 3x2 1: 3
20 21
:
x 2
--- , x2 + x + 1,
3 10. a) 2x4 5x2 + 2 = 0; ) x4 2x2 3 = 0.
x 2
4 4 ) (2x 3)4 + (2x 5)4 = 2.
--- (x2 + x + 1) = 0 . 11. ) (x 1) + (x + 1) = 16;
3 2 2 2
12. a) (x + 2x) 7(x + 2x) + 6 = 0;
x = 2
--- . 1
) ----------------------------- 3
- + -----------------------------
10
- = -----------------------------
-.
3
2x x + 1
2 2x x + 3
2 2x x + 7
2
: x = 2
--- . 13. a) (x a)x(x + a)(x + 2a) = 3a4;
3
1. : ) (6x + 5)2(3x + 2)(x + 1) = 35.
) (x 1) (x2 + 4x + 3) = 0; ) (2x + 3)(x2 x + 1) = 0; 14. 4
a) x2 + ----- 2
- 8 x --- 4 = 0;
3 3
) x + 27 = 0; ) 8x 1 = 0; ) x3 1 + x2 1 = 0; x2 x
) x + 8 + x 4 = 0; ) x + 1 + x + 1 = 0; ) x3 8 + x 2 = 0;
3 2 3 ) 4x4 + 6x3 10x2 9x + 9 = 0;
) x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0; ) x3 x2 + x 1= 0. x + 1 )5
) (-------------------- 81
) (x2 6x 9)2 = x3 4x2 9x.
- = ------ ;
x +1
5 11
2. + x3 ax2
+ bx + c = 0, a, b, c -
, x1. , x1 25x 2
15. ) x2 + --------------------
- = 11; ) (x2 16)(x 3)2 + 9x2 = 0.
c x1 . (x + 5) 2
16. ) x4 + 4x 1 = 0; ) x4 4x3 1 = 0;
3. :
) x4 2x2 400x = 9999.
) x3 + 2x2 x 2 = 0; ) x3 x2 8x + 12 = 0;
3 2
) x 9x + 27x 27 = 0; ) x3 + x2 + x 3 = 0; 17. ) (x3 2x) (x2 + 2)a 2a2x = 0;
3 2
) 6x + 7x 1 = 0; ) 2x3 + x2 + 5x 3 = 0. ) (x2 a)2 6x2 + 4x + 2a = 0.
4. x1, x2, x3 ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, 18. x4 4x3 10x2 + 37x 14 = 0, ,
a 0. , x1 + x2 + x3 = --b- , x1x2 + x2x3 + x3x1 = --c- , -
a a .
x1x2x3 = d
--- .
a
:
5. x3 + px + q = 0.
. 19. ) (x + 2)(x 1)(x 3) > 0;
6. x3 + 3x 3 = 0. ) (x + 2)x(x 1)(x 2) < 0;
7. : ) (x + 4)5(x + 3)6(x + 2)7(x 1)8 m 0;
) (x 1)(x + 3)(x2 x 6) = 0; ) (x + 3)n(x 2) < 0, n N.
) (x2 3x + 2)(x2 + 7x + 10) = 0; ) (x2 x 3) (x2 2x + 2) = 0; 20. ) x3 3x2 10x + 24 > 0; ) x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2 m 0;
) (x2 x +1)(x2 2x + 3) = 0; ) x4 16 5x(x2 4) = 0; ) 2x3 3x2 + 7x 3 > 0.
) x4 + 11x2 + 10 + 7x(x2 + 1) = 0. 21. ) x4 3x3 + x2 + 3x 2 l 0; ) x4 + 6x3 + 6x2 + 6x + 5 < 0.
8. x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, a, b, c, d -
, x1. , x1 22. ) 3x4 10x2 + 3 > 0; ) 2x2(x 4)2 < 32 5(x 2)2.
d x1. 23. ) (x2 x)2 + 3(x2 x) + 2 l 0;
9. : ) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) < 48.
) x4 + 2x3 16x2 2x + 15 = 0; ) x4 7x3 + 5x2 + 4x + 12 = 0; 24. ) (x + 1)4 > 2(1 + x4); ) x4 x3 10x2 + 2x + 4 < 0.
) x4 + x3 5x 5 = 0; ) x4 + x3 1 = 0; 25. , P(x) = x8 x5 + x2 x + 1
4 3 2
) 6x x + 5x x 1 = 0. x R.
22 23
:
x 2
--- , x2 + x + 1,
3 10. a) 2x4 5x2 + 2 = 0; ) x4 2x2 3 = 0.
x 2
4 4 ) (2x 3)4 + (2x 5)4 = 2.
--- (x2 + x + 1) = 0 . 11. ) (x 1) + (x + 1) = 16;
3 2 2 2
12. a) (x + 2x) 7(x + 2x) + 6 = 0;
x = 2
--- . 1
) ----------------------------- 3
- + -----------------------------
10
- = -----------------------------
-.
3
2x x + 1
2 2x x + 3
2 2x x + 7
2
: x = 2
--- . 13. a) (x a)x(x + a)(x + 2a) = 3a4;
3
1. : ) (6x + 5)2(3x + 2)(x + 1) = 35.
) (x 1) (x2 + 4x + 3) = 0; ) (2x + 3)(x2 x + 1) = 0; 14. 4
a) x2 + ----- 2
- 8 x --- 4 = 0;
3 3
) x + 27 = 0; ) 8x 1 = 0; ) x3 1 + x2 1 = 0; x2 x
) x + 8 + x 4 = 0; ) x + 1 + x + 1 = 0; ) x3 8 + x 2 = 0;
3 2 3 ) 4x4 + 6x3 10x2 9x + 9 = 0;
) x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0; ) x3 x2 + x 1= 0. x + 1 )5
) (-------------------- 81
) (x2 6x 9)2 = x3 4x2 9x.
- = ------ ;
x +1
5 11
2. + x3 ax2
+ bx + c = 0, a, b, c -
, x1. , x1 25x 2
15. ) x2 + --------------------
- = 11; ) (x2 16)(x 3)2 + 9x2 = 0.
c x1 . (x + 5) 2
16. ) x4 + 4x 1 = 0; ) x4 4x3 1 = 0;
3. :
) x4 2x2 400x = 9999.
) x3 + 2x2 x 2 = 0; ) x3 x2 8x + 12 = 0;
3 2
) x 9x + 27x 27 = 0; ) x3 + x2 + x 3 = 0; 17. ) (x3 2x) (x2 + 2)a 2a2x = 0;
3 2
) 6x + 7x 1 = 0; ) 2x3 + x2 + 5x 3 = 0. ) (x2 a)2 6x2 + 4x + 2a = 0.
4. x1, x2, x3 ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, 18. x4 4x3 10x2 + 37x 14 = 0, ,
a 0. , x1 + x2 + x3 = --b- , x1x2 + x2x3 + x3x1 = --c- , -
a a .
x1x2x3 = d
--- .
a
:
5. x3 + px + q = 0.
. 19. ) (x + 2)(x 1)(x 3) > 0;
6. x3 + 3x 3 = 0. ) (x + 2)x(x 1)(x 2) < 0;
7. : ) (x + 4)5(x + 3)6(x + 2)7(x 1)8 m 0;
) (x 1)(x + 3)(x2 x 6) = 0; ) (x + 3)n(x 2) < 0, n N.
) (x2 3x + 2)(x2 + 7x + 10) = 0; ) (x2 x 3) (x2 2x + 2) = 0; 20. ) x3 3x2 10x + 24 > 0; ) x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2 m 0;
) (x2 x +1)(x2 2x + 3) = 0; ) x4 16 5x(x2 4) = 0; ) 2x3 3x2 + 7x 3 > 0.
) x4 + 11x2 + 10 + 7x(x2 + 1) = 0. 21. ) x4 3x3 + x2 + 3x 2 l 0; ) x4 + 6x3 + 6x2 + 6x + 5 < 0.
8. x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, a, b, c, d -
, x1. , x1 22. ) 3x4 10x2 + 3 > 0; ) 2x2(x 4)2 < 32 5(x 2)2.
d x1. 23. ) (x2 x)2 + 3(x2 x) + 2 l 0;
9. : ) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) < 48.
) x4 + 2x3 16x2 2x + 15 = 0; ) x4 7x3 + 5x2 + 4x + 12 = 0; 24. ) (x + 1)4 > 2(1 + x4); ) x4 x3 10x2 + 2x + 4 < 0.
) x4 + x3 5x 5 = 0; ) x4 + x3 1 = 0; 25. , P(x) = x8 x5 + x2 x + 1
4 3 2
) 6x x + 5x x 1 = 0. x R.
22 23
26. P(x) = a0xm + a1xm 1 + ... + am x + am 8
1 36. ) y = (2 3x)30; ) y = 6x2 --4- + 1 ;
Q(x) = b0 xn + b1 xn 1 + ... + bn 1 x + bn, m N, n N, Q(x) 0. x
2+1 2
P(x)
- > 0 P(x)Q(x) > 0 -
, ------------ ) y = x - ;
--------------- ) y = (x4 x3 + 5x2 2)8.
Q(x) 2 x 1
. x0
: :
x+4
27. 2
) --1- < ------------ 2 1 1 1 1
- ; ) ------------- < ------------- ; ) ------------- --- m ------------- ------------- ; 37. ) y = (x2 3x + 3)(x2 + 2x 2), x0 = 0;
x x2 x2 x+1 x+1 x x1 x2
2x+1 x 2 3x + 1 ) y = (x3 3x + 2)(x4 + x2 + 1), x0 = 1;
) x 1
-------------------------- + ------------------------------ > 2x ----------------- ;
x1 x3 4x 8 ) y = (x2 1)(x2 4)(x2 9), x0 = 2;
x3 2x 2 + 5x + 2 1 1 1 1 x 5
) ---------------------------------------------- l 1; ) ------------
- + ------------- + ------------- + ------------- > 0. ) y = --------------------
- , x0 = 1;
x + 3x + 2
2 x+5 x7 x5 x+7 (x 2) 2
1 1
28. - m ---------------------------------
) --------------- -; 3
) y = ---------------------------------------------
- , x0 = 0.
x +x
2 2x + 2x + 3
2
( 1 x ) ( 1 2x )
2 3
1 4 4 1 1
) ------------
- ------------- + ------------- ------------- < ------ ; 1 3
x1 x2 x3 x4 30 38. ) y = ------------ - , x0 = 1;
- + ---------------
x+2 2 x +1
17 10x 13 8x 30 5x 4
) 4x
-------------------- + ------------------------ > -------------------- + ----------------- .
x4 2x 3 2x 7 x1 1
) y = (1 + x3) 5 -----
- , x0 = a;
2 x
x2 4x 2
29. ) x2 + --------------------2- < 5
--- ; ) x2 + --------------------2- m 5.
(x + 1) 4 (x 2) ax
- , x0 = a;
) y = ---------------
1+x 2
(x + 1 )4 128 1 1
30. ) ------------------------
- > ---------- ; - l 4 x --- .
) x3 ----- ) y = [(x2 + x + 1)(x2 x + 1)]5, x0 = 0;
x(x + 1)
2 15 x2 x
) y = x(x 1)(x 2) ... (x n), x0 = 0, n N.
x + 6 x 42 x6 x+9 2 2x 2 + 72
31. ------------- ------------- + ------------- ------------- < ----------------------
-.
x6 x+4 x+6 x9 x 2 36 39. P(x0; y0) -
4 :
32. ) |x3 x| m x; - l |x 1|.
) -------------------------
x+1 2
: a) y = 1
--- x3 + x2 x, P(0; 0); ) y = x3 3x3 + 2, P(0; 2);
3
33. ) y = x3 6x2 + 1; ) y = x3 + 1
--- x 2; ) y = (x 2)2(x + 1), P(1; 2); ) y = 2x4 x3 + 1, P(1; 4);
3
) y = (x 4)3(2x + 1), P(2; 40); ) y = x --1- , P(1; 0);
) y = x4 6x + 3; ) y = 1
--- x4 + x3. x
2 1
) y = -----
- + 2, P(1; 3).
4
34. ) y = (x + 2)(x2 x + 5); x
) y = (3 x)(x x2); 40. y = x3 3x + 2 , -
) y = (x2 + x + 2)(x2 + 2x + 3); y = 3x.
) y = x(x 1)(x 2)(x 3).
x 1x x3 x
41. f(x) = 1
--- x3
35. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-; 3
1+x 2 2+x 2 x+3
3
--- x2 9x + 8 I III
x 4 + 4x (x2 1 ) (x + 3 ) 1 2
) y = --------------------
-; ) y = --------------------------------------- ; ) y = x3 + ------------
-.
(x + 1) 2 x4 1x ?
24 25
26. P(x) = a0xm + a1xm 1 + ... + am x + am 8
1 36. ) y = (2 3x)30; ) y = 6x2 --4- + 1 ;
Q(x) = b0 xn + b1 xn 1 + ... + bn 1 x + bn, m N, n N, Q(x) 0. x
2+1 2
P(x)
- > 0 P(x)Q(x) > 0 -
, ------------ ) y = x - ;
--------------- ) y = (x4 x3 + 5x2 2)8.
Q(x) 2 x 1
. x0
: :
x+4
27. 2
) --1- < ------------ 2 1 1 1 1
- ; ) ------------- < ------------- ; ) ------------- --- m ------------- ------------- ; 37. ) y = (x2 3x + 3)(x2 + 2x 2), x0 = 0;
x x2 x2 x+1 x+1 x x1 x2
2x+1 x 2 3x + 1 ) y = (x3 3x + 2)(x4 + x2 + 1), x0 = 1;
) x 1
-------------------------- + ------------------------------ > 2x ----------------- ;
x1 x3 4x 8 ) y = (x2 1)(x2 4)(x2 9), x0 = 2;
x3 2x 2 + 5x + 2 1 1 1 1 x 5
) ---------------------------------------------- l 1; ) ------------
- + ------------- + ------------- + ------------- > 0. ) y = --------------------
- , x0 = 1;
x + 3x + 2
2 x+5 x7 x5 x+7 (x 2) 2
1 1
28. - m ---------------------------------
) --------------- -; 3
) y = ---------------------------------------------
- , x0 = 0.
x +x
2 2x + 2x + 3
2
( 1 x ) ( 1 2x )
2 3
1 4 4 1 1
) ------------
- ------------- + ------------- ------------- < ------ ; 1 3
x1 x2 x3 x4 30 38. ) y = ------------ - , x0 = 1;
- + ---------------
x+2 2 x +1
17 10x 13 8x 30 5x 4
) 4x
-------------------- + ------------------------ > -------------------- + ----------------- .
x4 2x 3 2x 7 x1 1
) y = (1 + x3) 5 -----
- , x0 = a;
2 x
x2 4x 2
29. ) x2 + --------------------2- < 5
--- ; ) x2 + --------------------2- m 5.
(x + 1) 4 (x 2) ax
- , x0 = a;
) y = ---------------
1+x 2
(x + 1 )4 128 1 1
30. ) ------------------------
- > ---------- ; - l 4 x --- .
) x3 ----- ) y = [(x2 + x + 1)(x2 x + 1)]5, x0 = 0;
x(x + 1)
2 15 x2 x
) y = x(x 1)(x 2) ... (x n), x0 = 0, n N.
x + 6 x 42 x6 x+9 2 2x 2 + 72
31. ------------- ------------- + ------------- ------------- < ----------------------
-.
x6 x+4 x+6 x9 x 2 36 39. P(x0; y0) -
4 :
32. ) |x3 x| m x; - l |x 1|.
) -------------------------
x+1 2
: a) y = 1
--- x3 + x2 x, P(0; 0); ) y = x3 3x3 + 2, P(0; 2);
3
33. ) y = x3 6x2 + 1; ) y = x3 + 1
--- x 2; ) y = (x 2)2(x + 1), P(1; 2); ) y = 2x4 x3 + 1, P(1; 4);
3
) y = (x 4)3(2x + 1), P(2; 40); ) y = x --1- , P(1; 0);
) y = x4 6x + 3; ) y = 1
--- x4 + x3. x
2 1
) y = -----
- + 2, P(1; 3).
4
34. ) y = (x + 2)(x2 x + 5); x
) y = (3 x)(x x2); 40. y = x3 3x + 2 , -
) y = (x2 + x + 2)(x2 + 2x + 3); y = 3x.
) y = x(x 1)(x 2)(x 3).
x 1x x3 x
41. f(x) = 1
--- x3
35. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-; 3
1+x 2 2+x 2 x+3
3
--- x2 9x + 8 I III
x 4 + 4x (x2 1 ) (x + 3 ) 1 2
) y = --------------------
-; ) y = --------------------------------------- ; ) y = x3 + ------------
-.
(x + 1) 2 x4 1x ?
24 25
42. y = x3 + x 2 51. :
y = 4x + 5? ) y = x3 + 3x2 45x + 1; ) y = x
3
------ 2x2 + 4x 3;
3
43. y = x2(x 2)3 , -
) y = |3x 1| x3; ) y = (x 1)3(x + 2);
y = 24x 1.
2x 1
) y = (x + 3)2(x 4)2; ) y = 2x2 + --4- ; ) y = --------------------
-.
1 x (x 1) 2
44. y = ---------------
- , -
1 + x2 52.
. y = x3 + 3x2 3x + 1.
45. , y = x5 + 8x + 53. -
+ 1 Ox . :
) y = x3 + 9x 3 [1; 0];
:
) y = 6x x3 [2; 1];
46. ) y = 2x3 5
--- x2 + x 3; ) y = (x + 2)3(x 1) [1; 2];
2
) y = x5 5x4 + 5x3 + 4 [1; 2];
) y = x3 3 3 3 x2 + 3 3 9 x 3 3 3 ; 3x 2 + 4x + 4
) y = ---------------------------------
- [2; 1].
) y = 3x3 x2 + 5x + 0,7; ) y = (x + 2)2(3x 1); x +x+1
2
) y = x3 + 3|x|; ) y = |x3| 9x.
:
47. ) y = x4 + 8x2 64x + 1; 54. y = x3 3x2 + 4. 55. y = x(x2 4) 3.
) y = 3x4 + 16x3 + 6x2 72x 3; 2 2
56. y = (x + 2) (x 1) . 57. y = x4 + 2x2 + 8.
) y = x4 + 6x2 + 5; ) y = x4 + 4|x|; ) y = x4 + 8|x3|. 58. y = (x 1)3(x + 1)2. 59. y = x + --1- .
x
x5
48. ) y = ------ 2
--- x3 3(x + 1); x
60. y = ---------------
-.
x
61. y = ---------------
-.
5 3 1 + x2 x2 1
) y = 0,6x5 13x3 + 108x 5; 62. y = x2 + ----- 1
-.
x 3
63. y = ---------------
-.
5 x3 x2 3 x2
) y = x 3 3
------ --- x4 + 3x3 + 5 ------ --- x2 + 4x 7;
5 2 3 2 64. y = --1- + 4x2. 65. y = x + ----- 4
-.
x x2
7
) y = x
------ 7x + ; ) y = x2 + 16
------ . 66. , -
7 x
:
49. :
26 26
) 3 30 + 899 ------ + 3 30 899 ------ ;
) y = 2x3 + 3x2 12x + 15; ) y = x4 + 1
--- x3 2; 27 27
3
10 10
3x + 2
x2 ) 3 50 + 2495 ------ + 3 50 2495 ------ ;
) y = x5 20x3 + 1; ) y = -----------------------------
-. 27 27
2 x + 3x + 2
26 26
50. - ) 3 12 + 143 ------ + 3 12 143 ------ ;
27 27
:
a) y = x3 5x2 + 3x 11; ) y = x3 + 6x2 9x + 5; 26 26
) 3 105 + 11024 ------ + 3 105 11024 ------ ;
27 27
x+2 x+ x2
) y = 0,25x4 + x2 6; ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = 1
-------------------------2- . 3 3
x 1
2 1+x+x ) 20 + 14 2 + 20 14 2 .
26 27
42. y = x3 + x 2 51. :
y = 4x + 5? ) y = x3 + 3x2 45x + 1; ) y = x
3
------ 2x2 + 4x 3;
3
43. y = x2(x 2)3 , -
) y = |3x 1| x3; ) y = (x 1)3(x + 2);
y = 24x 1.
2x 1
) y = (x + 3)2(x 4)2; ) y = 2x2 + --4- ; ) y = --------------------
-.
1 x (x 1) 2
44. y = ---------------
- , -
1 + x2 52.
. y = x3 + 3x2 3x + 1.
45. , y = x5 + 8x + 53. -
+ 1 Ox . :
) y = x3 + 9x 3 [1; 0];
:
) y = 6x x3 [2; 1];
46. ) y = 2x3 5
--- x2 + x 3; ) y = (x + 2)3(x 1) [1; 2];
2
) y = x5 5x4 + 5x3 + 4 [1; 2];
) y = x3 3 3 3 x2 + 3 3 9 x 3 3 3 ; 3x 2 + 4x + 4
) y = ---------------------------------
- [2; 1].
) y = 3x3 x2 + 5x + 0,7; ) y = (x + 2)2(3x 1); x +x+1
2
) y = x3 + 3|x|; ) y = |x3| 9x.
:
47. ) y = x4 + 8x2 64x + 1; 54. y = x3 3x2 + 4. 55. y = x(x2 4) 3.
) y = 3x4 + 16x3 + 6x2 72x 3; 2 2
56. y = (x + 2) (x 1) . 57. y = x4 + 2x2 + 8.
) y = x4 + 6x2 + 5; ) y = x4 + 4|x|; ) y = x4 + 8|x3|. 58. y = (x 1)3(x + 1)2. 59. y = x + --1- .
x
x5
48. ) y = ------ 2
--- x3 3(x + 1); x
60. y = ---------------
-.
x
61. y = ---------------
-.
5 3 1 + x2 x2 1
) y = 0,6x5 13x3 + 108x 5; 62. y = x2 + ----- 1
-.
x 3
63. y = ---------------
-.
5 x3 x2 3 x2
) y = x 3 3
------ --- x4 + 3x3 + 5 ------ --- x2 + 4x 7;
5 2 3 2 64. y = --1- + 4x2. 65. y = x + ----- 4
-.
x x2
7
) y = x
------ 7x + ; ) y = x2 + 16
------ . 66. , -
7 x
:
49. :
26 26
) 3 30 + 899 ------ + 3 30 899 ------ ;
) y = 2x3 + 3x2 12x + 15; ) y = x4 + 1
--- x3 2; 27 27
3
10 10
3x + 2
x2 ) 3 50 + 2495 ------ + 3 50 2495 ------ ;
) y = x5 20x3 + 1; ) y = -----------------------------
-. 27 27
2 x + 3x + 2
26 26
50. - ) 3 12 + 143 ------ + 3 12 143 ------ ;
27 27
:
a) y = x3 5x2 + 3x 11; ) y = x3 + 6x2 9x + 5; 26 26
) 3 105 + 11024 ------ + 3 105 11024 ------ ;
27 27
x+2 x+ x2
) y = 0,25x4 + x2 6; ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = 1
-------------------------2- . 3 3
x 1
2 1+x+x ) 20 + 14 2 + 20 14 2 .
26 27
5. 9. k
: x + ky = 3,
3x y = 0, kx + 4y = 6,
x 2y = 0, 0 x 0 y = 0,
1. ) x + y = 0; ) 2x 4y = 0; ) x > 1, y > 0?
0 x + 0 y = 0;
0 x + y = 0, 0 x + 0 y = 1, 10. a
) )
0 x 0 y = 0; 0 x + 0 y = 2. 2x + y = a2 1,
4x 8y = 3, 3x + 2y = 2a2 + 7a + 5
3x + 2y = 1,
2. ) ) x 2y = 3 ;
x + 5y = 6; ---
4 x y + 3 > 0?
3x + y = 1, y 4x = a, :
) 9x + 3y = 2; )
8x 2y = 1. 4 3
-------------------------- + -------------------------- = 4,75,
3. k : 2x + y 1 x + 2y 3
11.
kx + y = 2, kx + 4y = 4, 3x + (k 1)y = k + 1, 3 2
-------------------------- -------------------------- = 2,5.
) x y = 3; ) ) 2x + y 1 x + 2y 3
3x + y = 1; (k + 1)x + y = 3?
4. m,
|x| + y = 4, ( x + y ) 2 = 5,
: 12. ) )
x + 3|y| = 6; ( x y ) 2 = 1.
2x + (9m2 2)y = 3m, m2x + (2 m)y = m3 + 4,
) )
x + y = 1; mx + (2m 1)y = m5 2; 13. x N y N,
23x + 31y = 1000.
2mx + y = 6m2
5m + 1,
) 14. xOy , -
x + 2my = 0.
5. c d, :
) |x y| m 1; ) |x + y| l 2; ) |x| |y| l 1;
(c + 1)2x (c + 1)y = c,
) |x| + |y| m 3; ) |x 1| + |y + 1| l 2; ) |x + y| + |x y| m 2.
(d 1)x + (5 2d)y = c + 4
15. xOy , -
x = 1, y = 1.
6. 3y x < 5,
ax by = 2a b, y + 2x < 11,
(c + 1)x + cy = 10 a + 3b 4y + x > 9.
(1; 3). - x y,
a, b c. .
7. b R , a R 16. a R (a; a2)
: ,
3x + y = a, x 2y = a, y = x + 1, y = 3 x, y = 2x?
) ax y = b; )
ax + 3y = b. :
8. a b, x = 3t 2,
x + y z = 0,
y = 4t + 1,
17. 2x y + 3z = 9, 18.
ax + 2y = b + 1, 2x + y = a2 + 2, z = 4t 5,
3x + 4y + 2z = 11.
x+y=3 x + 3y = 3. 4x 3y 6z = 5.
28 29
5. 9. k
: x + ky = 3,
3x y = 0, kx + 4y = 6,
x 2y = 0, 0 x 0 y = 0,
1. ) x + y = 0; ) 2x 4y = 0; ) x > 1, y > 0?
0 x + 0 y = 0;
0 x + y = 0, 0 x + 0 y = 1, 10. a
) )
0 x 0 y = 0; 0 x + 0 y = 2. 2x + y = a2 1,
4x 8y = 3, 3x + 2y = 2a2 + 7a + 5
3x + 2y = 1,
2. ) ) x 2y = 3 ;
x + 5y = 6; ---
4 x y + 3 > 0?
3x + y = 1, y 4x = a, :
) 9x + 3y = 2; )
8x 2y = 1. 4 3
-------------------------- + -------------------------- = 4,75,
3. k : 2x + y 1 x + 2y 3
11.
kx + y = 2, kx + 4y = 4, 3x + (k 1)y = k + 1, 3 2
-------------------------- -------------------------- = 2,5.
) x y = 3; ) ) 2x + y 1 x + 2y 3
3x + y = 1; (k + 1)x + y = 3?
4. m,
|x| + y = 4, ( x + y ) 2 = 5,
: 12. ) )
x + 3|y| = 6; ( x y ) 2 = 1.
2x + (9m2 2)y = 3m, m2x + (2 m)y = m3 + 4,
) )
x + y = 1; mx + (2m 1)y = m5 2; 13. x N y N,
23x + 31y = 1000.
2mx + y = 6m2
5m + 1,
) 14. xOy , -
x + 2my = 0.
5. c d, :
) |x y| m 1; ) |x + y| l 2; ) |x| |y| l 1;
(c + 1)2x (c + 1)y = c,
) |x| + |y| m 3; ) |x 1| + |y + 1| l 2; ) |x + y| + |x y| m 2.
(d 1)x + (5 2d)y = c + 4
15. xOy , -
x = 1, y = 1.
6. 3y x < 5,
ax by = 2a b, y + 2x < 11,
(c + 1)x + cy = 10 a + 3b 4y + x > 9.
(1; 3). - x y,
a, b c. .
7. b R , a R 16. a R (a; a2)
: ,
3x + y = a, x 2y = a, y = x + 1, y = 3 x, y = 2x?
) ax y = b; )
ax + 3y = b. :
8. a b, x = 3t 2,
x + y z = 0,
y = 4t + 1,
17. 2x y + 3z = 9, 18.
ax + 2y = b + 1, 2x + y = a2 + 2, z = 4t 5,
3x + 4y + 2z = 11.
x+y=3 x + 3y = 3. 4x 3y 6z = 5.
28 29
2x + 3y + z 1 = 0, x+2 y1 z3 x + y + xy = 11, x2y xy2 = 30,
------------- = ------------- = ------------ , 3. ) )
19. x 1 y+1 z 20. 2 3 2 x2 + y2 + xy = 13; x + xy y = 13;
------------- = ------------- = --- .
1 2 6 x + 2y 2z + 6 = 0.
x+y+ x 1
--- = --- ,
21. (x + 0,2)2 + (y + 0,3)2 = 1, y 2
) )
x + y = 0,9; ( x + y )x 1
---------------------- = --- ;
2 4 5 y 2
--- x + --- y + --- z = 61,
3 5 6
x3y + x3y2 + 2x2y2 + x2y3 + xy3 = 30,
x + y + z = 79. )
x2y + xy + x + y + xy2 = 11.
z 2x2 + xy 45y2 = 0, x2 5xy = 16,
) 2
--- y + --- ; ) - 4. ) )
5 2 2x + 9y2 = 4; 2xy + y2 = 3;
, x 2x2 + y2 + 3xy = 12,
. x3 + xy2 = 10,
) )
22. , f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (x + y)2 1
--- y2 = 7; x2y y3 = 3.
2
(a 0) f(1) < 1, f(1) > 1, f(3) < 4. -
10x2 + 5y2 2xy 38x 6y + 41 = 0,
a. 5. )
3x2 2y2 + 5xy 17x 6y + 20 = 0;
23. {(x; y; z)||x| + |y| + |z| m 1}
. y2(x2 3) + xy + 1 = 0,
)
y2(3x2 6) + xy + 2 = 0.
x 2 2 y
--- (x + y 2) = --- , --- + --- = 3,
y 3 x 3
6. 6. ) )
y x 3 3
--- (x + y 1) = 9; --- + --- = --- .
x 2 y 2
:
y2 |xy| + 2 = 0, |xy 2| = 6 x2,
x2 xy + 3y2 + 2x 5y 4 = 0, 7. ) )
1. a) 8 x2 = (x + 2y)2; 2 + 3y2 = 2xy.
x + 2y = 4;
8. x, y,
2xy y2 + 5x + 20 = 0, x2 4y2 = 200, x2 2xy + 12 = 0, x2 + 4y2 m 60 x Z.
) )
3x + 2y 3 = 0; x + 2y = 100; 9.
x2 + 9y2 + 6xy 6x 18y 40 = 0, x = y + 2,
) xy m 17,
x + 30 = 2y.
y+1 1
x + y = 5, x y = 5, ------------- < --- .
x2 + y2 = 10, x+2 2
2. ) xy = 6; ) xy = 4; )
x + y = 4;
10. a,
1 1
{(x; y) | x2 + y2 + 2x m 1} {(x; y) | x y + a l 0}
c
-----2- + -----2- = 13,
x y x3 + y3 = 7,
) ) . .
1 1 x + y = 1;
--- --- = 1; 11. :
x y
) (x 1)2 + (y + 5)2 = 0;
x4 + y4 = 17, x5 + y5 = 275, x3 y3 = 63, ) x2 + y2 2x + 6y + 10 = 0;
e) ) )
x + y = 3; x + y = 5; xy = 4. ) (x + y a)2 + (y 1)2 + (x + 3)2 = 0.
30 31
2x + 3y + z 1 = 0, x+2 y1 z3 x + y + xy = 11, x2y xy2 = 30,
------------- = ------------- = ------------ , 3. ) )
19. x 1 y+1 z 20. 2 3 2 x2 + y2 + xy = 13; x + xy y = 13;
------------- = ------------- = --- .
1 2 6 x + 2y 2z + 6 = 0.
x+y+ x 1
--- = --- ,
21. (x + 0,2)2 + (y + 0,3)2 = 1, y 2
) )
x + y = 0,9; ( x + y )x 1
---------------------- = --- ;
2 4 5 y 2
--- x + --- y + --- z = 61,
3 5 6
x3y + x3y2 + 2x2y2 + x2y3 + xy3 = 30,
x + y + z = 79. )
x2y + xy + x + y + xy2 = 11.
z 2x2 + xy 45y2 = 0, x2 5xy = 16,
) 2
--- y + --- ; ) - 4. ) )
5 2 2x + 9y2 = 4; 2xy + y2 = 3;
, x 2x2 + y2 + 3xy = 12,
. x3 + xy2 = 10,
) )
22. , f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (x + y)2 1
--- y2 = 7; x2y y3 = 3.
2
(a 0) f(1) < 1, f(1) > 1, f(3) < 4. -
10x2 + 5y2 2xy 38x 6y + 41 = 0,
a. 5. )
3x2 2y2 + 5xy 17x 6y + 20 = 0;
23. {(x; y; z)||x| + |y| + |z| m 1}
. y2(x2 3) + xy + 1 = 0,
)
y2(3x2 6) + xy + 2 = 0.
x 2 2 y
--- (x + y 2) = --- , --- + --- = 3,
y 3 x 3
6. 6. ) )
y x 3 3
--- (x + y 1) = 9; --- + --- = --- .
x 2 y 2
:
y2 |xy| + 2 = 0, |xy 2| = 6 x2,
x2 xy + 3y2 + 2x 5y 4 = 0, 7. ) )
1. a) 8 x2 = (x + 2y)2; 2 + 3y2 = 2xy.
x + 2y = 4;
8. x, y,
2xy y2 + 5x + 20 = 0, x2 4y2 = 200, x2 2xy + 12 = 0, x2 + 4y2 m 60 x Z.
) )
3x + 2y 3 = 0; x + 2y = 100; 9.
x2 + 9y2 + 6xy 6x 18y 40 = 0, x = y + 2,
) xy m 17,
x + 30 = 2y.
y+1 1
x + y = 5, x y = 5, ------------- < --- .
x2 + y2 = 10, x+2 2
2. ) xy = 6; ) xy = 4; )
x + y = 4;
10. a,
1 1
{(x; y) | x2 + y2 + 2x m 1} {(x; y) | x y + a l 0}
c
-----2- + -----2- = 13,
x y x3 + y3 = 7,
) ) . .
1 1 x + y = 1;
--- --- = 1; 11. :
x y
) (x 1)2 + (y + 5)2 = 0;
x4 + y4 = 17, x5 + y5 = 275, x3 y3 = 63, ) x2 + y2 2x + 6y + 10 = 0;
e) ) )
x + y = 3; x + y = 5; xy = 4. ) (x + y a)2 + (y 1)2 + (x + 3)2 = 0.
30 31
:
. 7 x x 2 = x 1.
x + 2y z = 5, 2u + v + w = 6,
12. ) 3x 4y + z = 1, ) 3u + 2v + w = 9,
x2 + y2 + z2 = 6; 3u3 + 2v3 + w3 = 27. 7 x x2 = (x 1)2, 2x2 x 6 = 0,
x = 2.
xl1 xl1
x + y + z = 2, xy + x + y = 7,
13. xy + yz + zx = 5, 14. yz + y + z = 3, :
x2 + y2 z2 = 12. xz + x + z = 5.
1. ) x + 1 = a; ) x+3 = ax; ) 4 + 2x x 2 = x 2.
x2 yz = 14, x2 + xy + y2 = 3,
15. y2 xz = 28, 16. y2 + yz + z2 = 7, 2. ) 11 + 2x = 22 x ; ) 21 + 2x 7 = x;
z2 xy = 14. z2 + zx + x2 = 19. ) 2 x + 5 = x + 2; ) 3x 18x + 1 + 1 = 0.
5xy 3. ) x + 10 + x 2 = 6; ) x +1 + x = a.
------------- = 1,
xy + xz = 8, x+y
17. yz + xy = 9, 18. 7yz 4. 10 + x + 6 1 + x + 5 x + 2 4 x = 7.
------------ = 1,
xz + yz = 7. y+z
6xz = x + z. 5. x 2 4x + 3 + x 2 + 3x 2 = x2 x .
4xy + y2 + 2z2 = 3, y3 = 9x2 27x + 27, 6. ) x2 x1 + x + 3 4 x 1 = 1;
19. 4xz + x2 + 2z2 = 1, 20. z3 = 9y2 27y + 27,
) x+34 x1 x + 8 6 x 1 = 1;
8yz + y2 + 2z2 = 1. x3 = 9z2 27z + 27.
21. (x; y; z), ) x+2 x1 + x + 2 x 1 = 2.
5x2 + y2 + 3z2 2yz = 30.
7. ) 3 13 x + 3 22 + x = 5; ) 3 24 + x + 12 x = 6.
22.
, : 8. ) x3 + x 7 = a; ) x3 + 7 x = a;
y + 2x m 0, x2 + y m 0,
) 2 ) ) x 2 + ax 2a = x + 1; ) 2x 1 = x a;
x + y2 5 m 0; 2x2 + y 1 m 0.
23. (x; y), - ) x 2 x x 2 + a 2 = a x; ) x x a = a;
:
) x x2 x = a.
y + x2 m 0,
2y l x2, x2 + y2 l 1,
) ) y 2x + 3 l 0, ) 2 9. 5 ( x 2 ) ( x 32 ) 5 ( x 1 ) ( x 33 ) = 1.
y m 2x2 + 3x; y + 1 m 0; x + y2 m 16.
1
10. x4 + 1
x 4 --- .
--- = x 2
4 4
7. ,
.
1. n 2n f ( x ) < (x) -
: 2n f ( x ) = (x), n N, -
f(x) < ((x))2n,
f(x) =((x))2n, f(x) l 0,
(x) l 0. (x) > 0.
32 33
:
. 7 x x 2 = x 1.
x + 2y z = 5, 2u + v + w = 6,
12. ) 3x 4y + z = 1, ) 3u + 2v + w = 9,
x2 + y2 + z2 = 6; 3u3 + 2v3 + w3 = 27. 7 x x2 = (x 1)2, 2x2 x 6 = 0,
x = 2.
xl1 xl1
x + y + z = 2, xy + x + y = 7,
13. xy + yz + zx = 5, 14. yz + y + z = 3, :
x2 + y2 z2 = 12. xz + x + z = 5.
1. ) x + 1 = a; ) x+3 = ax; ) 4 + 2x x 2 = x 2.
x2 yz = 14, x2 + xy + y2 = 3,
15. y2 xz = 28, 16. y2 + yz + z2 = 7, 2. ) 11 + 2x = 22 x ; ) 21 + 2x 7 = x;
z2 xy = 14. z2 + zx + x2 = 19. ) 2 x + 5 = x + 2; ) 3x 18x + 1 + 1 = 0.
5xy 3. ) x + 10 + x 2 = 6; ) x +1 + x = a.
------------- = 1,
xy + xz = 8, x+y
17. yz + xy = 9, 18. 7yz 4. 10 + x + 6 1 + x + 5 x + 2 4 x = 7.
------------ = 1,
xz + yz = 7. y+z
6xz = x + z. 5. x 2 4x + 3 + x 2 + 3x 2 = x2 x .
4xy + y2 + 2z2 = 3, y3 = 9x2 27x + 27, 6. ) x2 x1 + x + 3 4 x 1 = 1;
19. 4xz + x2 + 2z2 = 1, 20. z3 = 9y2 27y + 27,
) x+34 x1 x + 8 6 x 1 = 1;
8yz + y2 + 2z2 = 1. x3 = 9z2 27z + 27.
21. (x; y; z), ) x+2 x1 + x + 2 x 1 = 2.
5x2 + y2 + 3z2 2yz = 30.
7. ) 3 13 x + 3 22 + x = 5; ) 3 24 + x + 12 x = 6.
22.
, : 8. ) x3 + x 7 = a; ) x3 + 7 x = a;
y + 2x m 0, x2 + y m 0,
) 2 ) ) x 2 + ax 2a = x + 1; ) 2x 1 = x a;
x + y2 5 m 0; 2x2 + y 1 m 0.
23. (x; y), - ) x 2 x x 2 + a 2 = a x; ) x x a = a;
:
) x x2 x = a.
y + x2 m 0,
2y l x2, x2 + y2 l 1,
) ) y 2x + 3 l 0, ) 2 9. 5 ( x 2 ) ( x 32 ) 5 ( x 1 ) ( x 33 ) = 1.
y m 2x2 + 3x; y + 1 m 0; x + y2 m 16.
1
10. x4 + 1
x 4 --- .
--- = x 2
4 4
7. ,
.
1. n 2n f ( x ) < (x) -
: 2n f ( x ) = (x), n N, -
f(x) < ((x))2n,
f(x) =((x))2n, f(x) l 0,
(x) l 0. (x) > 0.
32 33
2. n 2n f ( x ) > (x) - x x 2
4. -------------------
- < 1.
x+2
(x) l 0, x + 2 < 0,
(x) < 0,
x2 x l 0,
f(x) l 0 f(x) > ((x))2n.
x2 x
-------------------- < 1 x + 2 > 0,
f(x) 2n x+2
3. n ------------------
- > 1 x2 x l 0,
(x)
x2 x > (x + 2)2
(x) > 0,
f(x) > ((x))2n. x < 2,
x(x 1) l 0, x < 2,
f(x) 2n
4. n ------------------
- < 1 4
(x) x > 2, --5- < x m 0,
x(x 1) l 0,
x l 1.
(x) > 0, 5x > 4
(x) < 0, f(x) l 0,
f(x) l 0
f(x) < ((x))2n. : (; 2) c --4- ; 0 c [1; +).
5
:
1. 2 x < x.
x2
2 x < x2 , x2 + x 2 > 0, 11. ) (x 1) x 2 x 2 l 0; ) ----------------- > 1;
1 2x
2x < x 2 x l 0, x m 2,
x>0 x>0 ) x+1 > 3x; ) x+2 l xa;
(x 1)(x + 2) > 0, 3x 1
0<xm2 1 < x m 2. ) (1 a) 2x + 1 < 1; ) ----------------- > 1.
2x
: (1; 2]. 12. ) x > 1x; ) x + 1 > 2+x;
2. 5 + x > 1 x. ) x > 24 5x ; ) x > x 2 + x 12 ;
1x<0,
x > 1, ) 24 10x > 3 4x; ) x 2 + x > 1 2x.
5+x0,
5+x >1x x m 1,
1 x l 0, 13. ) 4 x < x 2 2x ; ) 1 13 + 3x m 2a;
x2 3x 4 < 0
5 + x > (1 x)2 ) (x2 + 2x 8) x2 + x 2 m 0; ) x2 3x ( x + 2 x) l 0;
x > 1,
x > 1, ) x + 3 m 3 |x|; ) x + 2 l 6 |x 4|.
x m 1, x > 1.
(x + 1)(x 4) < 0 1 < x m 1
x+5 1 1
14. ) ----------------
- < 1; ) ----------------
- > ------------- ;
: (1; +). 1x 9x x2
+x x2 24 2x x 2 24 + 2x x 2
3. -------------------
- > 1. ) ------------------------------------- < 1; ) ------------------------------------- < 1.
2+x x x
x2 + x x > 2, x > 2, x2 x+3
-------------------- > 1 2 2 < x < 4
--- . 15. ) ------------------------------
- < 4; ) 2 1
--------------------------- > --- ;
2+x x + x > x2 + 4x + 4 3x < 4 3 2x 3 1 x1 3
: 2; 4
--- . (x + 6)(3 x) 2 18 3x x 2
- + ----------------------------------------- m 0.
) ----------------------------------------
3 2x 3x + 4
34 35
2. n 2n f ( x ) > (x) - x x 2
4. -------------------
- < 1.
x+2
(x) l 0, x + 2 < 0,
(x) < 0,
x2 x l 0,
f(x) l 0 f(x) > ((x))2n.
x2 x
-------------------- < 1 x + 2 > 0,
f(x) 2n x+2
3. n ------------------
- > 1 x2 x l 0,
(x)
x2 x > (x + 2)2
(x) > 0,
f(x) > ((x))2n. x < 2,
x(x 1) l 0, x < 2,
f(x) 2n
4. n ------------------
- < 1 4
(x) x > 2, --5- < x m 0,
x(x 1) l 0,
x l 1.
(x) > 0, 5x > 4
(x) < 0, f(x) l 0,
f(x) l 0
f(x) < ((x))2n. : (; 2) c --4- ; 0 c [1; +).
5
:
1. 2 x < x.
x2
2 x < x2 , x2 + x 2 > 0, 11. ) (x 1) x 2 x 2 l 0; ) ----------------- > 1;
1 2x
2x < x 2 x l 0, x m 2,
x>0 x>0 ) x+1 > 3x; ) x+2 l xa;
(x 1)(x + 2) > 0, 3x 1
0<xm2 1 < x m 2. ) (1 a) 2x + 1 < 1; ) ----------------- > 1.
2x
: (1; 2]. 12. ) x > 1x; ) x + 1 > 2+x;
2. 5 + x > 1 x. ) x > 24 5x ; ) x > x 2 + x 12 ;
1x<0,
x > 1, ) 24 10x > 3 4x; ) x 2 + x > 1 2x.
5+x0,
5+x >1x x m 1,
1 x l 0, 13. ) 4 x < x 2 2x ; ) 1 13 + 3x m 2a;
x2 3x 4 < 0
5 + x > (1 x)2 ) (x2 + 2x 8) x2 + x 2 m 0; ) x2 3x ( x + 2 x) l 0;
x > 1,
x > 1, ) x + 3 m 3 |x|; ) x + 2 l 6 |x 4|.
x m 1, x > 1.
(x + 1)(x 4) < 0 1 < x m 1
x+5 1 1
14. ) ----------------
- < 1; ) ----------------
- > ------------- ;
: (1; +). 1x 9x x2
+x x2 24 2x x 2 24 + 2x x 2
3. -------------------
- > 1. ) ------------------------------------- < 1; ) ------------------------------------- < 1.
2+x x x
x2 + x x > 2, x > 2, x2 x+3
-------------------- > 1 2 2 < x < 4
--- . 15. ) ------------------------------
- < 4; ) 2 1
--------------------------- > --- ;
2+x x + x > x2 + 4x + 4 3x < 4 3 2x 3 1 x1 3
: 2; 4
--- . (x + 6)(3 x) 2 18 3x x 2
- + ----------------------------------------- m 0.
) ----------------------------------------
3 2x 3x + 4
34 35
16. ) 1 3x 5 + x > 1; ) x+1 3x > 2x 1; 24. -
:
) 2(x + x 2 + 4x + 3 ) < 3( x + 1 + x + 3 2);
) f(x) = 100 x 2 , x [6; 8]; ) f(x) = x + 2 x , x [0; 4];
1 4x 2 x
) 1
---------------------------------- < 3; ) x + ------------------- 35
- > ------ . ) f(x) = 3 ( x 2 2x ) 2 , x [0; 3].
x x2 1 12
25. , -
17. x, :
f(x) = (x 1)2 x 2 2x + 3 [0; 3].
) f(x) = 7(x 4)(x + 2) 7
--- (x + 1) -
6 26. :
; (x + 3)(9 x) 27 + 6x x 2
- l ------------------------------------- ;
) ----------------------------------------
3x 2 2x + 5
) f(x) = 3
--- (x + 2) 2 ( x 4 ) ( x + 3 ) -
4
(x + 6)(3 x) 2 18 3x x 2
. - + ----------------------------------------- m 0;
) ----------------------------------------
2x 3x + 4
18. :
15 + 2x x 2 (x + 3)(5 x)
) ------------------------------------- l ----------------------------------------
-;
) y = x ; ) y = x2 x ; ) y = 3 3 x 1 ; ) y = x 2 2x + 3 ; 2x 5 x3
) y = (1 + x )(1 + 2x ); ) y = 1 + x 2 ; ) y = x + x . 20 + x x2 (5 x)(x + 4)
) --------------------------------- m ----------------------------------------
-.
x+3 2x 5
19. P(x0; y0) -
27. :
:
) x 2 4x + 3 > x 5
--- ; ) x 2 3x + 2 > x 11
------ ;
) y = x , P(4; 2); ) y = x 2 x , P(1; 1); 2 6
) y = 3 3 x 2 , P(8; 12); ) y = x 3 + 1, P(4; 9). ) x2 7x + 12 > x 15
------ ; ) x2 5x + 6 > x 11
------ .
4 4
20. : 28. :
) y = x 4 x + 3 ; ) y = x1 ; ) y = x2 6x + 15 ; ) x 2 + x 12 l x; ) x 2 x 6 l x 1;
) y = x 2 6x ; ) y = (x 1) x ; ) y = (x + 2) x 1 . ) x 2 + x 6 > x; ) x 2 3 4 > x 2.
21. :
) y = x4; ) y = x 2 x + 1 ; ) y = x 2 + 4x 3 ;
8.
x9
) y = ----------------
-; ) y = 36x 3x2 + 4 x 3 .
x3
22. : :
7 4 5
) y = 5 2x ; ) y = 2x x 2 ; ----------------- ----------------- = --- ,
x7 y+6 3
8x
1. )
) y = 2x 2 x + 1 ; - , x l 0;
) --------------------------------------- 5 3 13
3 ----------------- + ----------------- = ------ ;
x2 + 23 x+4 x7 y+6 6
2
) y = x 1 3
------ --- x x + --- x 3 x + 1, x l 0. 4 1
----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ = 1,
4 3 2
x+y xy 4 xy4 x+y
23. , x (0; +) - )
2 4 9
----------------------------------------- + ------------------------------------------ = --- .
2 x > 3 --1- . x+y xy 4 x+y4 xy 4
x
36 37
16. ) 1 3x 5 + x > 1; ) x+1 3x > 2x 1; 24. -
:
) 2(x + x 2 + 4x + 3 ) < 3( x + 1 + x + 3 2);
) f(x) = 100 x 2 , x [6; 8]; ) f(x) = x + 2 x , x [0; 4];
1 4x 2 x
) 1
---------------------------------- < 3; ) x + ------------------- 35
- > ------ . ) f(x) = 3 ( x 2 2x ) 2 , x [0; 3].
x x2 1 12
25. , -
17. x, :
f(x) = (x 1)2 x 2 2x + 3 [0; 3].
) f(x) = 7(x 4)(x + 2) 7
--- (x + 1) -
6 26. :
; (x + 3)(9 x) 27 + 6x x 2
- l ------------------------------------- ;
) ----------------------------------------
3x 2 2x + 5
) f(x) = 3
--- (x + 2) 2 ( x 4 ) ( x + 3 ) -
4
(x + 6)(3 x) 2 18 3x x 2
. - + ----------------------------------------- m 0;
) ----------------------------------------
2x 3x + 4
18. :
15 + 2x x 2 (x + 3)(5 x)
) ------------------------------------- l ----------------------------------------
-;
) y = x ; ) y = x2 x ; ) y = 3 3 x 1 ; ) y = x 2 2x + 3 ; 2x 5 x3
) y = (1 + x )(1 + 2x ); ) y = 1 + x 2 ; ) y = x + x . 20 + x x2 (5 x)(x + 4)
) --------------------------------- m ----------------------------------------
-.
x+3 2x 5
19. P(x0; y0) -
27. :
:
) x 2 4x + 3 > x 5
--- ; ) x 2 3x + 2 > x 11
------ ;
) y = x , P(4; 2); ) y = x 2 x , P(1; 1); 2 6
) y = 3 3 x 2 , P(8; 12); ) y = x 3 + 1, P(4; 9). ) x2 7x + 12 > x 15
------ ; ) x2 5x + 6 > x 11
------ .
4 4
20. : 28. :
) y = x 4 x + 3 ; ) y = x1 ; ) y = x2 6x + 15 ; ) x 2 + x 12 l x; ) x 2 x 6 l x 1;
) y = x 2 6x ; ) y = (x 1) x ; ) y = (x + 2) x 1 . ) x 2 + x 6 > x; ) x 2 3 4 > x 2.
21. :
) y = x4; ) y = x 2 x + 1 ; ) y = x 2 + 4x 3 ;
8.
x9
) y = ----------------
-; ) y = 36x 3x2 + 4 x 3 .
x3
22. : :
7 4 5
) y = 5 2x ; ) y = 2x x 2 ; ----------------- ----------------- = --- ,
x7 y+6 3
8x
1. )
) y = 2x 2 x + 1 ; - , x l 0;
) --------------------------------------- 5 3 13
3 ----------------- + ----------------- = ------ ;
x2 + 23 x+4 x7 y+6 6
2
) y = x 1 3
------ --- x x + --- x 3 x + 1, x l 0. 4 1
----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ = 1,
4 3 2
x+y xy 4 xy4 x+y
23. , x (0; +) - )
2 4 9
----------------------------------------- + ------------------------------------------ = --- .
2 x > 3 --1- . x+y xy 4 x+y4 xy 4
x
36 37
x+y 2x 1 x+y x y = a,
----------------- + 4 ----------------- = 5,
2. ) 2x 1 x+y 12.
x2 + y2 + x 2 y 2 = a2 , a > 0.
x = y + 1;
xy x+y 10 x y 13
------------- + ------------- = ------ , --- + --- 1 = ----------- ,
) x+y xy 3 y x xy
13.
xy 2x 2y = 2. 4
x3y + 4
xy 3 = 10.
x+y 12
x+y+ ------------- = ------------- , 2
3. xy xy 14. y x xy = 18,
xy = 15. x2 y xy = 9.
15. :
y x 2 + y 2 2ay 3 = 0,
4. 4x 7 < x,
x x 2 + y 2 = 2ax. )
x+5 + 5 x > 4;
5. a -
4 3x l x,
)
1
y = ------- , x + x 1 < 5.
x
y = ax + 1? :
6. a 16. xy l x+y.
x 2 + 2xy + y 2 + x 2 2xy + y 2 = 4, 17. 1 + x l y.
18. y 2 < 1 x ,
2
x 2 + y 2 = a?
y > 2|x|.
:
bx yx = y,
7.
ax + yx = y.
x2 + y 3 x 2 y = 17,
8.
y2 + x 3 xy 2 = 68.
xy= 3
--- ( 3 xy 2 3 x 2 y ),
9. 2
3 x 3 y = 3.
3 3 5
x + y = --- 6 xy ,
10. 2
x + y = 10.
x+ y x y = 2,
11.
x2 y + x 2 + y = 4.
38 39
x+y 2x 1 x+y x y = a,
----------------- + 4 ----------------- = 5,
2. ) 2x 1 x+y 12.
x2 + y2 + x 2 y 2 = a2 , a > 0.
x = y + 1;
xy x+y 10 x y 13
------------- + ------------- = ------ , --- + --- 1 = ----------- ,
) x+y xy 3 y x xy
13.
xy 2x 2y = 2. 4
x3y + 4
xy 3 = 10.
x+y 12
x+y+ ------------- = ------------- , 2
3. xy xy 14. y x xy = 18,
xy = 15. x2 y xy = 9.
15. :
y x 2 + y 2 2ay 3 = 0,
4. 4x 7 < x,
x x 2 + y 2 = 2ax. )
x+5 + 5 x > 4;
5. a -
4 3x l x,
)
1
y = ------- , x + x 1 < 5.
x
y = ax + 1? :
6. a 16. xy l x+y.
x 2 + 2xy + y 2 + x 2 2xy + y 2 = 4, 17. 1 + x l y.
18. y 2 < 1 x ,
2
x 2 + y 2 = a?
y > 2|x|.
:
bx yx = y,
7.
ax + yx = y.
x2 + y 3 x 2 y = 17,
8.
y2 + x 3 xy 2 = 68.
xy= 3
--- ( 3 xy 2 3 x 2 y ),
9. 2
3 x 3 y = 3.
3 3 5
x + y = --- 6 xy ,
10. 2
x + y = 10.
x+ y x y = 2,
11.
x2 y + x 2 + y = 4.
38 39
II 15. loga x = log a k xk, x > 0, k R, k 0.
16. log a k xm = m
----- loga x, x > 0, m, k R, k 0.
k
. . af(x) = b,
a > 0.
1. b m 0, x .
2. b > 0, a 1, f(x) = loga b.
, 3. a = 1, b = 1, x D(f).
4. a = 1, b 1, x .
1. 2x + 22 x = 5.
y = 2x,
1. y+ 4
--- = 5.
y
y,
. - y2 5y + 4 = 0,
y = 1 y = 4. x, -
(a > 0, a 1):
2x = 1 2x = 4, x = 0 x = 2.
1. ax = ay x = y. : x1 = 0, x2 = 2.
2. ax ay ax + y. 2. 25x 6 5x + 5 = 0.
x
3. a
-----y- = ax y. t = 5x > 0
a t ,
4. a0 = 1. t = 1, 5 x = 5 0, x = 0,
5. ax bx = (a b)x, b > 0. t2 6t + 5 = 0 x
t=5 5 = 51 x = 1.
ax a x
- = --- , b > 0.
6. ----- : x1 = 0, x2 = 1.
b x b
7. (ax)y = axy. 3. 3 16x + 36x = 2 81x.
8. a log a x = x, x > 0 . x
4
9. loga xy = loga |x| + loga |y|, xy > 0. x 81x t = --- ,
9
10. loga x
--- = loga |x| loga |y|, xy > 0. 3t2 + t 2 = 0,
y
11. loga x = loga |x|. t1 = 1 t2 = 2
--- . t > 0, -
3
12. loga x2m = 2m loga |x|, x 0, m Z. . :
log b x
1
c
, c > 0, c 1. 4 4 ---
13. loga b = --------------
log c a ---
9
= --- 2 x = 1
--- .
9 2
1
- , b > 0, b 1.
14. loga b = --------------
log b a : x = 1
--- .
2
40 41
II 15. loga x = log a k xk, x > 0, k R, k 0.
16. log a k xm = m
----- loga x, x > 0, m, k R, k 0.
k
. . af(x) = b,
a > 0.
1. b m 0, x .
2. b > 0, a 1, f(x) = loga b.
, 3. a = 1, b = 1, x D(f).
4. a = 1, b 1, x .
1. 2x + 22 x = 5.
y = 2x,
1. y+ 4
--- = 5.
y
y,
. - y2 5y + 4 = 0,
y = 1 y = 4. x, -
(a > 0, a 1):
2x = 1 2x = 4, x = 0 x = 2.
1. ax = ay x = y. : x1 = 0, x2 = 2.
2. ax ay ax + y. 2. 25x 6 5x + 5 = 0.
x
3. a
-----y- = ax y. t = 5x > 0
a t ,
4. a0 = 1. t = 1, 5 x = 5 0, x = 0,
5. ax bx = (a b)x, b > 0. t2 6t + 5 = 0 x
t=5 5 = 51 x = 1.
ax a x
- = --- , b > 0.
6. ----- : x1 = 0, x2 = 1.
b x b
7. (ax)y = axy. 3. 3 16x + 36x = 2 81x.
8. a log a x = x, x > 0 . x
4
9. loga xy = loga |x| + loga |y|, xy > 0. x 81x t = --- ,
9
10. loga x
--- = loga |x| loga |y|, xy > 0. 3t2 + t 2 = 0,
y
11. loga x = loga |x|. t1 = 1 t2 = 2
--- . t > 0, -
3
12. loga x2m = 2m loga |x|, x 0, m Z. . :
log b x
1
c
, c > 0, c 1. 4 4 ---
13. loga b = --------------
log c a ---
9
= --- 2 x = 1
--- .
9 2
1
- , b > 0, b 1.
14. loga b = --------------
log b a : x = 1
--- .
2
40 41
4. xlg x = 1000x2. :
10, 4 x > 0,
2 < x < 4.
x+2>0
lg2 x 2 lg x 3 = 0 lg x = 1, lg x = 3. , -
:
1
: x1 = ------ , x2 = 1000. log2 (4 x)(x + 2) = 3 (4 x)(x + 2) = 23
10
x2 + 2x + 8 = 8, x1 = 0, x2 = 2.
5.
-
( 2 + 3 )x + ( 2 3 )x = 2x. .
: x1 = 0, x2 = 2.
2+ 3 2 3
- = cos , 0 < < --- ; --------------------- = sin ,
--------------------
2 2 2 7.
(cos )x + (sin )x = 1. log2 (3x 1) + log2 x = 1.
x = 2.
, . :
, 0 < cos < 1; 0 < sin < 1, : 3x 1 > 0,
x> 1
--- .
x > 2 (cos )x < cos2 , (sin )x < sin2 , , x>0 3
(cos )x + (sin )x < cos2 + sin2 = 1; ,
x < 2 (cos )x > cos2 , (sin )x > sin2 , , log2 (3x 1)x = 1 (3x 1)x = 2 x1 = 1, x2 = 2
--- .
(cos )x + (sin )x > cos2 + sin2 = 1. 3
x2 -
: x = 2.
.
. - : x = 1.
x a (a > 0, a 1)
, a, x. 8.
2
log 2 x + 3
= --1- .
3
: x log 2 x
x
a log a x = x (a > 0, a 1, x > 0).
2,
, 2
. , - (3 log2 x log 2 x + 3) log2 x = log2 x,
: log2 x = 0, log2 x = 1, log2 x = 4.
loga f(x) + loga (x) = loga f(x)(x);
: x1 = 1
--- , x2 = 1, x3 = 16.
2
f(x)
loga f(x) loga (x) = loga -----------
-.
(x)
9.
6.
log2 x log2x 4x = 3
--- .
log2 (4 x) + log2 (x + 2) = 3. 2
42 43
4. xlg x = 1000x2. :
10, 4 x > 0,
2 < x < 4.
x+2>0
lg2 x 2 lg x 3 = 0 lg x = 1, lg x = 3. , -
:
1
: x1 = ------ , x2 = 1000. log2 (4 x)(x + 2) = 3 (4 x)(x + 2) = 23
10
x2 + 2x + 8 = 8, x1 = 0, x2 = 2.
5.
-
( 2 + 3 )x + ( 2 3 )x = 2x. .
: x1 = 0, x2 = 2.
2+ 3 2 3
- = cos , 0 < < --- ; --------------------- = sin ,
--------------------
2 2 2 7.
(cos )x + (sin )x = 1. log2 (3x 1) + log2 x = 1.
x = 2.
, . :
, 0 < cos < 1; 0 < sin < 1, : 3x 1 > 0,
x> 1
--- .
x > 2 (cos )x < cos2 , (sin )x < sin2 , , x>0 3
(cos )x + (sin )x < cos2 + sin2 = 1; ,
x < 2 (cos )x > cos2 , (sin )x > sin2 , , log2 (3x 1)x = 1 (3x 1)x = 2 x1 = 1, x2 = 2
--- .
(cos )x + (sin )x > cos2 + sin2 = 1. 3
x2 -
: x = 2.
.
. - : x = 1.
x a (a > 0, a 1)
, a, x. 8.
2
log 2 x + 3
= --1- .
3
: x log 2 x
x
a log a x = x (a > 0, a 1, x > 0).
2,
, 2
. , - (3 log2 x log 2 x + 3) log2 x = log2 x,
: log2 x = 0, log2 x = 1, log2 x = 4.
loga f(x) + loga (x) = loga f(x)(x);
: x1 = 1
--- , x2 = 1, x3 = 16.
2
f(x)
loga f(x) loga (x) = loga -----------
-.
(x)
9.
6.
log2 x log2x 4x = 3
--- .
log2 (4 x) + log2 (x + 2) = 3. 2
42 43
- 9. He ,
, -
log 2 24 log 2 192
, ------------------ ---------------------- .
log 96 2 log 12 2
log2 x:
log 2 4x 3 log 2 4 + log 2 x 3 2+y 3
log2 x ------------------
- = --- , log2 x ------------------------------------- = --- , y ------------- = --- , 10. , n > 1 -
log 2 2x 2 log 2 2 + log 2 x 2 1+y 2
log2 x = y. , y1 = 1, logn (n + 1) > logn + 1 (n + 2).
y2 = 3
--- . 11. ( ),
2
3
---
2 log4 9 > log9 25.
: x1 = 2, x2 = 2 .
2
2 0,6 ---
3
:
1. 1: ) --- ; ) (1,4)0,6; ) ( 0,8 ) ;
3 12. ) 3x 5 = 7; ) 3|3x 4| = 92x 2;
) (1,5)0,1; ) (0,4)0,3; ) (0,7)0,4? ) 7x + 2 1
--- 7x + 1 14 7x 1 + 2 7x = 48;
7
2. 1: ) (4,8)0,8; ) ( 0, ( 3 ) ) 2 ; ) ( 3 )0,43;
x+5 x + 17
------------- ----------------
2, 1 3, 1 x3
) e0,75; ) --- ; ) --- 3x 1 ) 32 x 7 = 0,25 128
2
? ) 22x 3 = 4 x ; ;
2 7
1 3
3. (x y) : --- 2 ---------------
x ln e log 3 x 1
) (0,8)x > (0,8)y; ) (1,5)x < (1,5)y; ) 4 = ------------
-; ) 2 = ------ .
2 64
x
1 y
) (7,1)x > (7,1)y; ) 1
--- < --- , x, y R? 13. ) 3
4 + log 5
x
=1
--- ;
5 5 3
4. 2300 3200? ) 73x + 9 52x = 52x + 9 73x;
: 1 3
x + --- x + ---
2
) 9x 2 2 =2 32x 1;
5. ) 25 log 5 3 ; ) eln ln3; ) ln ab ln |b|;
1 1
--------------- ---
log 3 2 x3 x x
) loga b2 + log a 2 b4 ; ) 2 . ) 2 4 ( 0, 125 ) = 43 2 ;
x+1
log 25
2
6. ) ------------------ ; ) log3 5 log4 9 log5 2; ) 4 3 ( 0,125 ) x 3 = 2 ;
log 2 5
x x x x
--- ---
2
4 3 --4- + ---
3 4 7
) log 0,5 4 ; ) a log a b
b log b a
. ) ( 5 27 ) = 3 .
7. :
14. ) 4 x
2 +2 9 2x
2 +2 + 8 = 0;
) log30 8, log30 3 = c, log30 5 = d;
) log9 40, lg 15 = c, log20 50 = d; ) 9 x
2 1 36 3 x
2 3 + 3 = 0;
) lg (0,175)4,
lg l96 = c, lg 56 = d.
) ( 5 3 )x + ( 10 3 )x 10 = 84;
8. , a = log12 18, b = log24 54,
ab + 5(a b) = 1. ) 4 x + x2 2 5 2x 1 + x2 2 = 6.
44 45
- 9. He ,
, -
log 2 24 log 2 192
, ------------------ ---------------------- .
log 96 2 log 12 2
log2 x:
log 2 4x 3 log 2 4 + log 2 x 3 2+y 3
log2 x ------------------
- = --- , log2 x ------------------------------------- = --- , y ------------- = --- , 10. , n > 1 -
log 2 2x 2 log 2 2 + log 2 x 2 1+y 2
log2 x = y. , y1 = 1, logn (n + 1) > logn + 1 (n + 2).
y2 = 3
--- . 11. ( ),
2
3
---
2 log4 9 > log9 25.
: x1 = 2, x2 = 2 .
2
2 0,6 ---
3
:
1. 1: ) --- ; ) (1,4)0,6; ) ( 0,8 ) ;
3 12. ) 3x 5 = 7; ) 3|3x 4| = 92x 2;
) (1,5)0,1; ) (0,4)0,3; ) (0,7)0,4? ) 7x + 2 1
--- 7x + 1 14 7x 1 + 2 7x = 48;
7
2. 1: ) (4,8)0,8; ) ( 0, ( 3 ) ) 2 ; ) ( 3 )0,43;
x+5 x + 17
------------- ----------------
2, 1 3, 1 x3
) e0,75; ) --- ; ) --- 3x 1 ) 32 x 7 = 0,25 128
2
? ) 22x 3 = 4 x ; ;
2 7
1 3
3. (x y) : --- 2 ---------------
x ln e log 3 x 1
) (0,8)x > (0,8)y; ) (1,5)x < (1,5)y; ) 4 = ------------
-; ) 2 = ------ .
2 64
x
1 y
) (7,1)x > (7,1)y; ) 1
--- < --- , x, y R? 13. ) 3
4 + log 5
x
=1
--- ;
5 5 3
4. 2300 3200? ) 73x + 9 52x = 52x + 9 73x;
: 1 3
x + --- x + ---
2
) 9x 2 2 =2 32x 1;
5. ) 25 log 5 3 ; ) eln ln3; ) ln ab ln |b|;
1 1
--------------- ---
log 3 2 x3 x x
) loga b2 + log a 2 b4 ; ) 2 . ) 2 4 ( 0, 125 ) = 43 2 ;
x+1
log 25
2
6. ) ------------------ ; ) log3 5 log4 9 log5 2; ) 4 3 ( 0,125 ) x 3 = 2 ;
log 2 5
x x x x
--- ---
2
4 3 --4- + ---
3 4 7
) log 0,5 4 ; ) a log a b
b log b a
. ) ( 5 27 ) = 3 .
7. :
14. ) 4 x
2 +2 9 2x
2 +2 + 8 = 0;
) log30 8, log30 3 = c, log30 5 = d;
) log9 40, lg 15 = c, log20 50 = d; ) 9 x
2 1 36 3 x
2 3 + 3 = 0;
) lg (0,175)4,
lg l96 = c, lg 56 = d.
) ( 5 3 )x + ( 10 3 )x 10 = 84;
8. , a = log12 18, b = log24 54,
ab + 5(a b) = 1. ) 4 x + x2 2 5 2x 1 + x2 2 = 6.
44 45
15. a) 4x + 1,5 + 9x = 6x + 1; 23. a) lg (10x2) lg x = 1;
) 25 2x x2 +1 + 9 2x x2 +1 = 34 15 2x x2 ; log x 1
2 2
) ------------------------
- = 2 log2 x + 3 log 2 x;
x
) 2 2x 2 +2 x2 + 2x + 2 = 25 + 4x; log 2 ---
2
) ( 5 2 7 )x + 6 ( 5 2 + 7 )x = 7. ) 2 log9 x + 9 logx 3 = 10;
2 2 +x+6 2
16. a) 3 2x 2 3 x + 32(x + 6) = 0; ) logx (125x) log 25 x = 1.
) x2 2 2x + 1 1 + 2x = 2 2x + 1 + 1 + x2 2x 2.
5 + logx 5x = 9
2
24. a) logx --- + log x 5;
log 64 ( x 3 ) + log 2 5 log x ( 1 x ) 2 4
17. ) 4 = 50; ) x = 9.
) lg (lg x) + lg (lg x3 2) = 0;
18. log3 (x2 + 4x + 12) = 2.
) log3x + 7 (9 + 12x + 4x2) = 4 log2x + 3 (6x2 + 23x + 21);
19. a) log3 x + log9 x + log27 x = 5,5;
) log2 (3 x) + log2 (1 x) = 3; ) lg2 (4 x) + lg (4 x) lg x + 1 1
--- 2 lg2 x + --- = 0.
2 2
) lg (x 3) + lg (x + 6) = lg 2 + lg 5;
) lg (x 4) + lg (x + 3) = lg (5x + 4); 25. a) (x2 logx 27) log9 x = x + 4;
) ln (x3 + 1) 0,5 ln (x2 + 2x + 1) = ln 3;
) logx 2 log4 x + 7
--- = 0;
e) log5 (x 2) + 2 log5 (x3 2) + log5 (x 2)1 = 4, 6
) 2 log3 (x 2) + log3 (x 4)2 = 0. ) log0,5x x2 14 log16x x3 + 40 log4x x = 0;
20. a) log2 (x + 2)2 + log2 (x + 10)2 = 4 log2 3; ) 4 log x x + 2 log4x x2 = 3 log2x x3;
---
2 3x 7
) log2 x
2
------------- 1 = log2 ----------------- .
x1 3x 1
) log3x --3- + log 3 x = 1;
2
x
7 x1
) 2 log2 x
------------- + log2 ------------- = 1;
x1 x+1 e) ( log 1 10) lg (x2 3x + 2) = (lg (x 3)) log 1 10 2.
----------------- -----------------
1+x 1+x
) log3 (5x 2) 2 log3 3x + 1 = 1 log3 4;
) lg(3x 2) 2 = 1 log ( 2a x ) log x 1
--- lg (x + 2) lg 50; x
26. a) --------------------------------- a
- + --------------- = ------------------------ ;
2 log x 2 log a 2 log 2 2
a 1
e) lg2
4
1 + --4- + lg2 1 ------------ 2
- = 2 lg2 ------------- 1 . log a
x x+4 x1 2
a x
- + logax a log 1 2x = 0.
) ----------------------
log 2x a ---
21. ) log2 x4 + loga x2 = 1; a
) log2 (x 1) log 2
x + 3 = log8 (x a)3 + log 1 (x 3); 27. a) 1 + log 0,04 x + 3 + log 0,2 x = 1;
---
2
12
) log2 (6x2 + 25x) = 1 + log2 (ax + 4a 2). ) 2 log x 9 = --------------
-;
log 3 x
22. a) log3 x log4 x log5 x =
= log3 x log4 x + log4 x log5 x + log5 x log3 x; ) logx (x2 + l) = log x
(x2(1 + x2)) + 4 ;
x3
) log3 --3- log2 x log3 ------ 1
- = --- + log2 x. ) log 2 x 0,5 = log2 x.
x 3 2
46 47
15. a) 4x + 1,5 + 9x = 6x + 1; 23. a) lg (10x2) lg x = 1;
) 25 2x x2 +1 + 9 2x x2 +1 = 34 15 2x x2 ; log x 1
2 2
) ------------------------
- = 2 log2 x + 3 log 2 x;
x
) 2 2x 2 +2 x2 + 2x + 2 = 25 + 4x; log 2 ---
2
) ( 5 2 7 )x + 6 ( 5 2 + 7 )x = 7. ) 2 log9 x + 9 logx 3 = 10;
2 2 +x+6 2
16. a) 3 2x 2 3 x + 32(x + 6) = 0; ) logx (125x) log 25 x = 1.
) x2 2 2x + 1 1 + 2x = 2 2x + 1 + 1 + x2 2x 2.
5 + logx 5x = 9
2
24. a) logx --- + log x 5;
log 64 ( x 3 ) + log 2 5 log x ( 1 x ) 2 4
17. ) 4 = 50; ) x = 9.
) lg (lg x) + lg (lg x3 2) = 0;
18. log3 (x2 + 4x + 12) = 2.
) log3x + 7 (9 + 12x + 4x2) = 4 log2x + 3 (6x2 + 23x + 21);
19. a) log3 x + log9 x + log27 x = 5,5;
) log2 (3 x) + log2 (1 x) = 3; ) lg2 (4 x) + lg (4 x) lg x + 1 1
--- 2 lg2 x + --- = 0.
2 2
) lg (x 3) + lg (x + 6) = lg 2 + lg 5;
) lg (x 4) + lg (x + 3) = lg (5x + 4); 25. a) (x2 logx 27) log9 x = x + 4;
) ln (x3 + 1) 0,5 ln (x2 + 2x + 1) = ln 3;
) logx 2 log4 x + 7
--- = 0;
e) log5 (x 2) + 2 log5 (x3 2) + log5 (x 2)1 = 4, 6
) 2 log3 (x 2) + log3 (x 4)2 = 0. ) log0,5x x2 14 log16x x3 + 40 log4x x = 0;
20. a) log2 (x + 2)2 + log2 (x + 10)2 = 4 log2 3; ) 4 log x x + 2 log4x x2 = 3 log2x x3;
---
2 3x 7
) log2 x
2
------------- 1 = log2 ----------------- .
x1 3x 1
) log3x --3- + log 3 x = 1;
2
x
7 x1
) 2 log2 x
------------- + log2 ------------- = 1;
x1 x+1 e) ( log 1 10) lg (x2 3x + 2) = (lg (x 3)) log 1 10 2.
----------------- -----------------
1+x 1+x
) log3 (5x 2) 2 log3 3x + 1 = 1 log3 4;
) lg(3x 2) 2 = 1 log ( 2a x ) log x 1
--- lg (x + 2) lg 50; x
26. a) --------------------------------- a
- + --------------- = ------------------------ ;
2 log x 2 log a 2 log 2 2
a 1
e) lg2
4
1 + --4- + lg2 1 ------------ 2
- = 2 lg2 ------------- 1 . log a
x x+4 x1 2
a x
- + logax a log 1 2x = 0.
) ----------------------
log 2x a ---
21. ) log2 x4 + loga x2 = 1; a
) log2 (x 1) log 2
x + 3 = log8 (x a)3 + log 1 (x 3); 27. a) 1 + log 0,04 x + 3 + log 0,2 x = 1;
---
2
12
) log2 (6x2 + 25x) = 1 + log2 (ax + 4a 2). ) 2 log x 9 = --------------
-;
log 3 x
22. a) log3 x log4 x log5 x =
= log3 x log4 x + log4 x log5 x + log5 x log3 x; ) logx (x2 + l) = log x
(x2(1 + x2)) + 4 ;
x3
) log3 --3- log2 x log3 ------ 1
- = --- + log2 x. ) log 2 x 0,5 = log2 x.
x 3 2
46 47
x :
28. a) lg (3x 24 x) = 2 + 1
--- lg 16 --- lg 4;
4 2 log a 2 x log a 4 y = 3,
4x + y = 128,
39. ) )
) log3 log9 x + 1
--- + 9x = 2x; 53x 2y 3 = 1; log a 6 x + log a 8 y = 4;
2
2x + y 1 + 2x y + 1 = 3,
) log3 3 x 13x + 28 + 2
--- = log5 0,2.
2
9 ) 1
--- 3 x log 3 2 + ylog 3 2 2 + 3 x log 3 2 y log3 2 2 = 1
--- .
7 7
29. a) lg 2 + lg (4x 2 + 9) = 1 + lg (2x 2 + 1);
) lg (6 5x + 25 20x) = x + lg 5. 1 + lg (x + y) = 50, x log x 2 = log3 (x + y),
40. ) 10 )
30. a) log (4x 6) log5 (2x 2)2 = 2; lg (x y) + lg (x + y) = 2 lg 5; x2 + y2 = 65.
5
) x(1 lg 5) = lg (4x 12); log2 (x + y) log3 (x y) = 1, (3y2 + 1) log3 x = 1,
41. ) )
) log2 (4x + 1) = x + log2 (2x + 3 6); x2 y2 = 2; x 2y
2 + 10 = 27.
) log3 (9x + 9) = x log 1 (28 2 3x);
--- log4 x + log4 y = 1 + log4 9, lg x + lg y = 2,
3 42. ) ) x y = 15;
8
- 1 = x 2;
) log2 ----- x + y = 20;
2x
1 x 1 x log3 x + log3 y = 2 + log3 2, 4y log2 x = 4,
e) log 1 2 --- 1- = log 1 --- 4- . ) )
--- 2 --- 4 log3 (x + y) = 2; log2 x + 22y = 4.
3 3
lgx + 5 y + lg x = 1,
------------------- xlg y = 2,
31. a) (x + 1)lg (x + 1) = 100 (x + 1); ) x 3 = 105 + lg x; 43. ) )
xy = 0,01; xy = 20;
) 3lg x = 54 xlg 3; ) log2 (9 2x) = 10lg (3 x).
2x 8y = 2 2 ,
32. x 1 lg
2x lgx 2 = |x 1|3. )
log9 --1- + 0,5 = 1
--- log3 9y;
x 2
33. ( 3 x2 7,2x + 3,9 9 3 ) lg (7 x) = 0.
1
log x ( 3x 2 ) log x ( 3x 2 ) log ( 3x 2 ) (loga (xy) 2) loga 4
--- = 1,
34. 3 2 +2 3 =5 6 x2 . 9
)
x + y = 5a.
35. 1 log 1 x + 2 = 3 log 1 x .
--- ---
5 5 2(logy x + logx y) = 5, logx y + logy x = 2,5,
44. ) )
xy = 8; x + y = a2 + a.
36. log4 (6 + x | x 2|) = 1
--- + log2 | x | x 2||.
2
x2 y2
37. a) 5x + 12x = 13x; ) 3x + 4x + 5x = 6x; ------ + ------ = 28, log2 y = log4 (xy 2),
y x
) 2x = 1 x; ) log2 (4 x) = x 3. 45. ) )
log9 x + log 1 y = 1,5; log9 x2 = log3 (x y) = 1.
---
9
38. , x = 9
8ax x 3y
log (x2 + 15a2) log (a 2) = log ------------- . 2x
2 +y = 4(y
2 + x) 2 , --- -------
a2 46. ) ) 4y x = 16,
xy = 2; x 2y = 12 8.
.
48 49
x :
28. a) lg (3x 24 x) = 2 + 1
--- lg 16 --- lg 4;
4 2 log a 2 x log a 4 y = 3,
4x + y = 128,
39. ) )
) log3 log9 x + 1
--- + 9x = 2x; 53x 2y 3 = 1; log a 6 x + log a 8 y = 4;
2
2x + y 1 + 2x y + 1 = 3,
) log3 3 x 13x + 28 + 2
--- = log5 0,2.
2
9 ) 1
--- 3 x log 3 2 + ylog 3 2 2 + 3 x log 3 2 y log3 2 2 = 1
--- .
7 7
29. a) lg 2 + lg (4x 2 + 9) = 1 + lg (2x 2 + 1);
) lg (6 5x + 25 20x) = x + lg 5. 1 + lg (x + y) = 50, x log x 2 = log3 (x + y),
40. ) 10 )
30. a) log (4x 6) log5 (2x 2)2 = 2; lg (x y) + lg (x + y) = 2 lg 5; x2 + y2 = 65.
5
) x(1 lg 5) = lg (4x 12); log2 (x + y) log3 (x y) = 1, (3y2 + 1) log3 x = 1,
41. ) )
) log2 (4x + 1) = x + log2 (2x + 3 6); x2 y2 = 2; x 2y
2 + 10 = 27.
) log3 (9x + 9) = x log 1 (28 2 3x);
--- log4 x + log4 y = 1 + log4 9, lg x + lg y = 2,
3 42. ) ) x y = 15;
8
- 1 = x 2;
) log2 ----- x + y = 20;
2x
1 x 1 x log3 x + log3 y = 2 + log3 2, 4y log2 x = 4,
e) log 1 2 --- 1- = log 1 --- 4- . ) )
--- 2 --- 4 log3 (x + y) = 2; log2 x + 22y = 4.
3 3
lgx + 5 y + lg x = 1,
------------------- xlg y = 2,
31. a) (x + 1)lg (x + 1) = 100 (x + 1); ) x 3 = 105 + lg x; 43. ) )
xy = 0,01; xy = 20;
) 3lg x = 54 xlg 3; ) log2 (9 2x) = 10lg (3 x).
2x 8y = 2 2 ,
32. x 1 lg
2x lgx 2 = |x 1|3. )
log9 --1- + 0,5 = 1
--- log3 9y;
x 2
33. ( 3 x2 7,2x + 3,9 9 3 ) lg (7 x) = 0.
1
log x ( 3x 2 ) log x ( 3x 2 ) log ( 3x 2 ) (loga (xy) 2) loga 4
--- = 1,
34. 3 2 +2 3 =5 6 x2 . 9
)
x + y = 5a.
35. 1 log 1 x + 2 = 3 log 1 x .
--- ---
5 5 2(logy x + logx y) = 5, logx y + logy x = 2,5,
44. ) )
xy = 8; x + y = a2 + a.
36. log4 (6 + x | x 2|) = 1
--- + log2 | x | x 2||.
2
x2 y2
37. a) 5x + 12x = 13x; ) 3x + 4x + 5x = 6x; ------ + ------ = 28, log2 y = log4 (xy 2),
y x
) 2x = 1 x; ) log2 (4 x) = x 3. 45. ) )
log9 x + log 1 y = 1,5; log9 x2 = log3 (x y) = 1.
---
9
38. , x = 9
8ax x 3y
log (x2 + 15a2) log (a 2) = log ------------- . 2x
2 +y = 4(y
2 + x) 2 , --- -------
a2 46. ) ) 4y x = 16,
xy = 2; x 2y = 12 8.
.
48 49
3. a x x < a2.
2
x + y = 4 + y2 + 2 ,
47. : 1) a > 1; 2) 0 < a < 1; 3) a = 1
lg x 2 lg 2 = lg (1 + 0,5y).
( -
log3 (log2 x) + log 1 ( log 1 y) = 1, ).
--- ---
48. 3 2 1. a > 1. -
xy2 = 4. x2 x < 2, 1 < x < 2.
2. 0 < a < 1.
x
1y -------
2y
x2 x > 2, x < 1, x > 2.
--- 9 = 9 ,
3. a = 1. 1 x x < 12, . . x .
2
49. 3
x + 3y 2x : a > 1, x (1; 2);
----------------- = ------- 4.
x y 0 < a < 1, x (; 1) c (2; +);
a = 1, x .
log a x
2. 4. x < a2x.
: 1) a > 1; 2) 0 < a < 1.
1. a > 1,
. - . -
af(x) > b, a > 0. a > 1,
1. b m 0, x D(f). log a x loga x 2 < 0 1 < loga x < 2 1
2
--- < x < a2.
2. b > 0, a > 1, f(x) > loga b. a
3. b > 0, 0 < a < 1, f(x) < loga b.
2. 0 < a < 1, ,
4. a = 1, x D(f) b < 1; x b l 1. -
. 0 < a < 1, -
1. 2 22x 5 2x + 2 m 0.
2x = t, - 0 < x < a2 ,
loga x < 1,
log a2 x loga x 2 > 0
loga x > 2, x> 1--- .
a
2t2 5t + 2 m 0 2 t 1 1
--- (t 2) m 0, . . --- m 2x m 2, 1 m x m 1.
2 2
: a > 1, x 1
--- ; a2 ;
: x [1; 1]. a
0 < a < 1, x (0; a2) c 1
--- ; + .
2. 9x 2 3x 3 > 0. a
3x = t,
. -
t2 2t 3 > 0 (t 3)(t + 1) > 0 , y = loga x
t < 1, (a > 0, a 1, x > 0) a > 1 0 < a < 1.
t > 3, 3x < 1, x 3x > 3, x > 1.
: x (1; +). loga f(x) > loga (x)
50 51
3. a x x < a2.
2
x + y = 4 + y2 + 2 ,
47. : 1) a > 1; 2) 0 < a < 1; 3) a = 1
lg x 2 lg 2 = lg (1 + 0,5y).
( -
log3 (log2 x) + log 1 ( log 1 y) = 1, ).
--- ---
48. 3 2 1. a > 1. -
xy2 = 4. x2 x < 2, 1 < x < 2.
2. 0 < a < 1.
x
1y -------
2y
x2 x > 2, x < 1, x > 2.
--- 9 = 9 ,
3. a = 1. 1 x x < 12, . . x .
2
49. 3
x + 3y 2x : a > 1, x (1; 2);
----------------- = ------- 4.
x y 0 < a < 1, x (; 1) c (2; +);
a = 1, x .
log a x
2. 4. x < a2x.
: 1) a > 1; 2) 0 < a < 1.
1. a > 1,
. - . -
af(x) > b, a > 0. a > 1,
1. b m 0, x D(f). log a x loga x 2 < 0 1 < loga x < 2 1
2
--- < x < a2.
2. b > 0, a > 1, f(x) > loga b. a
3. b > 0, 0 < a < 1, f(x) < loga b.
2. 0 < a < 1, ,
4. a = 1, x D(f) b < 1; x b l 1. -
. 0 < a < 1, -
1. 2 22x 5 2x + 2 m 0.
2x = t, - 0 < x < a2 ,
loga x < 1,
log a2 x loga x 2 > 0
loga x > 2, x> 1--- .
a
2t2 5t + 2 m 0 2 t 1 1
--- (t 2) m 0, . . --- m 2x m 2, 1 m x m 1.
2 2
: a > 1, x 1
--- ; a2 ;
: x [1; 1]. a
0 < a < 1, x (0; a2) c 1
--- ; + .
2. 9x 2 3x 3 > 0. a
3x = t,
. -
t2 2t 3 > 0 (t 3)(t + 1) > 0 , y = loga x
t < 1, (a > 0, a 1, x > 0) a > 1 0 < a < 1.
t > 3, 3x < 1, x 3x > 3, x > 1.
: x (1; +). loga f(x) > loga (x)
50 51
a > 1 8. log3x + 4 x2 < 1.
f(x) > (x), ,
(x) > 0,
0 < a < 1 x2 > 0,
3x + 4 > 0, x 4
--- ; 1 c (1; 0) c (0; +).
f(x) < (x), 3
3x + 4 1
f(x) > 0.
: 1) 0 < 3x + 4 < 1; 2) 3x + 4 > 1.
5. log3 (x2 2x) < 1. 1. 0 < 3x + 4 < 1,
(x 3)(x + 1) < 0, x > 4--- ,
x2 2x < 3, 1 < x < 0, 0 < 3x + 4 < 1, 3
2
x(x 2) > 0
2 < x < 3. x 4
--- ; 1 .
x 2x > 0 x2 > 3x + 4 x < 1, 3
(x + 1)(x 4) < 0
: x (1; 0) c (2; 3).
2. 3x + 4 > 1, -
6.
log 1 (x2 + x + 2) < log 1 (2x2 18). 3x + 4 > 1, x > 1,
--- ---
3 3
x2 < 3x + 4, 1 < x < 4, x (1; 0) c (0; 4).
x0 x0
x2 + x + 2 > 2x2 18,
x2 x 20 < 0,
: x 4
--- ; 1 c (1; 0) c (0; 4).
2 (x 3)(x + 3) > 0 3
2x 18 > 0
(x 5)(x + 4) < 0, 4 < x < 3, :
(x 3)(x + 3) > 0 3 < x < 5.
1. a) lg (x2 2x 2) m 0; ) log5 (x2 11x + 43) < 2;
8
: x (4; 3) c (3; 5). ) 2 log2 (x2 + 3x) l 0; ) log1,5 2x
----------------- < 0.
x2
+ 2x +2
7. log2 log 1 (2 x) < 2. 2. ) log3 1
----------------- < 1; ) log4 3x
----------------- m 0,5;
--- 1+x x
2
2
x 4x + 2
) log 2 4x
2 3 1
- m 1;
) log2 ----------------------------- ----------------- > --- .
x+1 4 3x 2
log 1 (2 x) < 4, 1
2 x > ------ , 3. ) log 1 (2x2 + 5x + l) < 0; ) log 1 (x2 + 2x) > 0;
--- 16
2 --- ---
1 < x < 31
------ . 5 5
log 1 (2 x) > 0 2 x < 1, 16
1
---
2 2x>0 ) log 1 (x2 4x + 6) < 2; ) log 1 3x
----------------- < 1;
--- --- x + 2
2 3
2
: x -1; 31
------ . 35 x 1
- l --- .
) log0,25 ------------------
16 x 2
52 53
a > 1 8. log3x + 4 x2 < 1.
f(x) > (x), ,
(x) > 0,
0 < a < 1 x2 > 0,
3x + 4 > 0, x 4
--- ; 1 c (1; 0) c (0; +).
f(x) < (x), 3
3x + 4 1
f(x) > 0.
: 1) 0 < 3x + 4 < 1; 2) 3x + 4 > 1.
5. log3 (x2 2x) < 1. 1. 0 < 3x + 4 < 1,
(x 3)(x + 1) < 0, x > 4--- ,
x2 2x < 3, 1 < x < 0, 0 < 3x + 4 < 1, 3
2
x(x 2) > 0
2 < x < 3. x 4
--- ; 1 .
x 2x > 0 x2 > 3x + 4 x < 1, 3
(x + 1)(x 4) < 0
: x (1; 0) c (2; 3).
2. 3x + 4 > 1, -
6.
log 1 (x2 + x + 2) < log 1 (2x2 18). 3x + 4 > 1, x > 1,
--- ---
3 3
x2 < 3x + 4, 1 < x < 4, x (1; 0) c (0; 4).
x0 x0
x2 + x + 2 > 2x2 18,
x2 x 20 < 0,
: x 4
--- ; 1 c (1; 0) c (0; 4).
2 (x 3)(x + 3) > 0 3
2x 18 > 0
(x 5)(x + 4) < 0, 4 < x < 3, :
(x 3)(x + 3) > 0 3 < x < 5.
1. a) lg (x2 2x 2) m 0; ) log5 (x2 11x + 43) < 2;
8
: x (4; 3) c (3; 5). ) 2 log2 (x2 + 3x) l 0; ) log1,5 2x
----------------- < 0.
x2
+ 2x +2
7. log2 log 1 (2 x) < 2. 2. ) log3 1
----------------- < 1; ) log4 3x
----------------- m 0,5;
--- 1+x x
2
2
x 4x + 2
) log 2 4x
2 3 1
- m 1;
) log2 ----------------------------- ----------------- > --- .
x+1 4 3x 2
log 1 (2 x) < 4, 1
2 x > ------ , 3. ) log 1 (2x2 + 5x + l) < 0; ) log 1 (x2 + 2x) > 0;
--- 16
2 --- ---
1 < x < 31
------ . 5 5
log 1 (2 x) > 0 2 x < 1, 16
1
---
2 2x>0 ) log 1 (x2 4x + 6) < 2; ) log 1 3x
----------------- < 1;
--- --- x + 2
2 3
2
: x -1; 31
------ . 35 x 1
- l --- .
) log0,25 ------------------
16 x 2
52 53
4. ) log5 (2x 4) < log5 (x + 3); 2 2
) (2 log 3 x 3 log3 x 8) (2 log 3 x 3 log3 x ) l 3;
) log0,1 (x2 + x 2) > log0,1 (x + 3); 2 2
e) ( log 2 x + 3 log2 x + 1)( log 2 x + 3 log2 x 3) < 5;
2
) lg x 3x + 4 lg x + 1 > 0; 1 ( log 2 x ) 2 2 + log x
) ( 1,25 ) < ( 0,64 )
2
) log 1 (x + 1) m log2 (2 x); .
--- 2x + 3
2 1
9. ) 22x + 1 21 --- + 2 l 0; ) 0,1x + 1 < 0,8 + 2 10x;
2 + 6x + 9 2
) log 1 x------------------------------ < log2 (x + 1).
--- 2 ( x + 1 ) ) 2x + 2x < 3; ) 34 3x 35 33x 2 + 6 l 0;
2
6 2 +5
- < 2x;
) --------------- ) 3lg x + 2 < 3 lg x 2;
5. ) lg (x 2) + lg (27 x) < 2; 2 1
x
) lg (x 1) + lg (x 2) < lg (x + 2); 2
1 lgx
) log2 (2 x) + log 1 (x 1) > log 2 3; ) --- + 2 > 3 2lg (x).
2
---
2
10. a) log2 (4x 5 2x + 2) > 2; ) log 1 (6x + 1 36x) l 2;
) log 1 (2x + 5) log 1 (16 x2) m 1; -------
--- --- 5
5 5
2 2
) log 2
(5x 1) log 2 ---------------
x
- > 2;
5 1
6. ) log2 1 + --1- + log 1 1 + x
--- l 1;
x 4
) lg (1 + 2x + 1) > (------------------------------
x lg 2 )lg 4
---
2 - + lg 3.
lg 8
) log7 x log7 (2x 5) m log7 2 log7 (x 3);
3 2x
) log 1 (x 1) + log 1 (x + 1) + log (5 x) < 1; 11. a) log 2 ----------------- < 1; ) log 3 ( 9x 3 ) m log3 x 1
--- ;
--- --- 3 1x 3
3 3
x x
) 1g2 x2 + lg2 (x 1)2 > 2. ) 9 + 3 2 l 9 3 x.
3x + 6
log 1 log 2 ----------------
2
-
2 ---
3 x +2
3 6x + 10 x 12. a) log 1 (log4 (x2 5)) > 0; ) 0,3 > 1.
7. a) 2x > 5; ) --- < 27
------ ; ---
4 64 3
log2 ( x 2 2x 3 ) log 2 ( x 2 3x + 2 ) 13. a) log 4 ( x + 3 x) > 0;
) ( 0,5 ) > 1; ) 3 > 3; ---
3
x2
log 3 ------------- 16 x
+ 2x ) log 1 ( 5 x x + 1) > 3.
2
x 1 x 1
) 5 < 1; ) --- < --- ; ---
3 9 2
log 2 x 2 ( lgx ) 2 3 lgx + 1
>x
) 3 x > 2a. 14. a) x --- ; ) x > 1000;
4
1 log 4 x 1
8. ) lg2 x + 3 lg x 4 l 0; - m --- ;
) ------------------------ ) x
log 2 x
l 2.
1 + log 2 x 2
15. ) loga (x 1) + loga x > 2;
) log 1 x > logx 3 5
--- ; 1 2
--- 2 - + ------------------------- < 1, 0 < a < 1;
) ------------------------
3 5 log a x 1 + loga x
5 2
) (log2 x)4 log 1 x 3log x + 6
------ 20 log2 x + 148 < 0; a
) ----------------------------
- > 1; ) loga (1 8ax) l 2(1 x).
--- 4 log a x + 2
2
2
54 55
4. ) log5 (2x 4) < log5 (x + 3); 2 2
) (2 log 3 x 3 log3 x 8) (2 log 3 x 3 log3 x ) l 3;
) log0,1 (x2 + x 2) > log0,1 (x + 3); 2 2
e) ( log 2 x + 3 log2 x + 1)( log 2 x + 3 log2 x 3) < 5;
2
) lg x 3x + 4 lg x + 1 > 0; 1 ( log 2 x ) 2 2 + log x
) ( 1,25 ) < ( 0,64 )
2
) log 1 (x + 1) m log2 (2 x); .
--- 2x + 3
2 1
9. ) 22x + 1 21 --- + 2 l 0; ) 0,1x + 1 < 0,8 + 2 10x;
2 + 6x + 9 2
) log 1 x------------------------------ < log2 (x + 1).
--- 2 ( x + 1 ) ) 2x + 2x < 3; ) 34 3x 35 33x 2 + 6 l 0;
2
6 2 +5
- < 2x;
) --------------- ) 3lg x + 2 < 3 lg x 2;
5. ) lg (x 2) + lg (27 x) < 2; 2 1
x
) lg (x 1) + lg (x 2) < lg (x + 2); 2
1 lgx
) log2 (2 x) + log 1 (x 1) > log 2 3; ) --- + 2 > 3 2lg (x).
2
---
2
10. a) log2 (4x 5 2x + 2) > 2; ) log 1 (6x + 1 36x) l 2;
) log 1 (2x + 5) log 1 (16 x2) m 1; -------
--- --- 5
5 5
2 2
) log 2
(5x 1) log 2 ---------------
x
- > 2;
5 1
6. ) log2 1 + --1- + log 1 1 + x
--- l 1;
x 4
) lg (1 + 2x + 1) > (------------------------------
x lg 2 )lg 4
---
2 - + lg 3.
lg 8
) log7 x log7 (2x 5) m log7 2 log7 (x 3);
3 2x
) log 1 (x 1) + log 1 (x + 1) + log (5 x) < 1; 11. a) log 2 ----------------- < 1; ) log 3 ( 9x 3 ) m log3 x 1
--- ;
--- --- 3 1x 3
3 3
x x
) 1g2 x2 + lg2 (x 1)2 > 2. ) 9 + 3 2 l 9 3 x.
3x + 6
log 1 log 2 ----------------
2
-
2 ---
3 x +2
3 6x + 10 x 12. a) log 1 (log4 (x2 5)) > 0; ) 0,3 > 1.
7. a) 2x > 5; ) --- < 27
------ ; ---
4 64 3
log2 ( x 2 2x 3 ) log 2 ( x 2 3x + 2 ) 13. a) log 4 ( x + 3 x) > 0;
) ( 0,5 ) > 1; ) 3 > 3; ---
3
x2
log 3 ------------- 16 x
+ 2x ) log 1 ( 5 x x + 1) > 3.
2
x 1 x 1
) 5 < 1; ) --- < --- ; ---
3 9 2
log 2 x 2 ( lgx ) 2 3 lgx + 1
>x
) 3 x > 2a. 14. a) x --- ; ) x > 1000;
4
1 log 4 x 1
8. ) lg2 x + 3 lg x 4 l 0; - m --- ;
) ------------------------ ) x
log 2 x
l 2.
1 + log 2 x 2
15. ) loga (x 1) + loga x > 2;
) log 1 x > logx 3 5
--- ; 1 2
--- 2 - + ------------------------- < 1, 0 < a < 1;
) ------------------------
3 5 log a x 1 + loga x
5 2
) (log2 x)4 log 1 x 3log x + 6
------ 20 log2 x + 148 < 0; a
) ----------------------------
- > 1; ) loga (1 8ax) l 2(1 x).
--- 4 log a x + 2
2
2
54 55
16. ) logx 3 (x 1) < 2; ) logx (x + 2) > 2. 3. ,
17. ) log2x (x2 5x + 6) < 1; ) logx + 3 (x2 x)< 1;
) log3x + 5 (9x2 + 8x + 2) > 2; ) log2x + 4 (x2 + 1) m 1; 1. ,
15 x x x x
) logx ----------------
- < 2. : ) y = 2
x2
; ) y = a +a a a
1 2x --------------------- ; ) y = --------------------
x
-;)y=
2 a +a
x
18. ) log x 2 (3 2x) > 1; ) log x 2 + 3x (x + 3) < 1. x
a +1 a 1
x
1+x 2
- ; ) y = x ---------------
= --------------- - ; ) y = ln ------------- ; ) y = log2 (x + x + 1 ).
x
a 1 a +1
x 1x
2 1 x l 0;
2
19. ) log 2 ) log (x2 10x + 22) > 0.
--- x 2 1
log 2 --- x 2. y = 3x
3 2
.
2
x x2 x 2 18x + 56 sin x
20. ) x < 1; ) log2 x
--- > 1. 3. y = ---
1
. -
2 2
log ( x 2 + 3 ) log (x 1) . -
- l 0;
5 0,3
21. ) --------------------------------
2
- < 0; ) --------------------------------- ?
4x 16x 2x x + 8
2
x x
e
log 0,5 x + 2 2 4. y = e-------------------
- .
3x 2x 1 2
) ----------------------------
- > 0; ) ---------------------------------
- < 0.
2x 1 log 3 ( x 1 )
:
22. ) 25 2x 10x + 5x > 25;
5. y = 3|x|. 6. y = log2 (1 x).
( log 5 x ) ( 2 log 3 x )
) log5 x + logx x
--- > --------------------------------------------------- ;
3 log 3 x 7. y = |log2 (1 x)|. 8. y = log2 (2 x)2.
1 1 ln x
- m ------------------------------ .
) ------------------------ 9. y = -------------
-. 10. y = x log x 2 .
x+1 log 4 ( x + 3 ) ln x
log 4 -------------
x+2 11. y = e|ln x|. 12. y = log2 (x2 2x).
:
x .
13. y = log2 ------------ 14. y = log2 sin x.
-
x1
(x 8)(2 x)
----------------------------------------------------------- l 0, 15. |y| = log2 (x).
10
23. log 0,3 ------ ( log 2 5 1 )
7 H :
x
2x 3 31 > 0. 16. ) y = 3x; ) y = 10x;
1
) y = --- ;
2
log 22 x 3log 2 x + 2 ) y = ex + ex; ) y = 2ex 2ex; ) y = 3x + 4x.
------------------------------------------------------- l 0,
1
24. log 5 --- ( log 3 5 1 ) 17. ) y = x 10x; ) y = xex; x
) y = ----
-;
3 x
e
x
x x 2 l 0. x x 3 5x 2 e
) y = 2 ; ) y = e ; ) y = ------------
-.
1+x
8 + log a x loga2 x
1
------ 1 18. ) y = log3 x; ) y = log2 x + log 1 x; ) y = log5 x;
81 > --- , ---
25. 3 3
0 < x < 1. ) y = log7 x5; ) y = x + ln x; ) y = x ln x.
56 57
16. ) logx 3 (x 1) < 2; ) logx (x + 2) > 2. 3. ,
17. ) log2x (x2 5x + 6) < 1; ) logx + 3 (x2 x)< 1;
) log3x + 5 (9x2 + 8x + 2) > 2; ) log2x + 4 (x2 + 1) m 1; 1. ,
15 x x x x
) logx ----------------
- < 2. : ) y = 2
x2
; ) y = a +a a a
1 2x --------------------- ; ) y = --------------------
x
-;)y=
2 a +a
x
18. ) log x 2 (3 2x) > 1; ) log x 2 + 3x (x + 3) < 1. x
a +1 a 1
x
1+x 2
- ; ) y = x ---------------
= --------------- - ; ) y = ln ------------- ; ) y = log2 (x + x + 1 ).
x
a 1 a +1
x 1x
2 1 x l 0;
2
19. ) log 2 ) log (x2 10x + 22) > 0.
--- x 2 1
log 2 --- x 2. y = 3x
3 2
.
2
x x2 x 2 18x + 56 sin x
20. ) x < 1; ) log2 x
--- > 1. 3. y = ---
1
. -
2 2
log ( x 2 + 3 ) log (x 1) . -
- l 0;
5 0,3
21. ) --------------------------------
2
- < 0; ) --------------------------------- ?
4x 16x 2x x + 8
2
x x
e
log 0,5 x + 2 2 4. y = e-------------------
- .
3x 2x 1 2
) ----------------------------
- > 0; ) ---------------------------------
- < 0.
2x 1 log 3 ( x 1 )
:
22. ) 25 2x 10x + 5x > 25;
5. y = 3|x|. 6. y = log2 (1 x).
( log 5 x ) ( 2 log 3 x )
) log5 x + logx x
--- > --------------------------------------------------- ;
3 log 3 x 7. y = |log2 (1 x)|. 8. y = log2 (2 x)2.
1 1 ln x
- m ------------------------------ .
) ------------------------ 9. y = -------------
-. 10. y = x log x 2 .
x+1 log 4 ( x + 3 ) ln x
log 4 -------------
x+2 11. y = e|ln x|. 12. y = log2 (x2 2x).
:
x .
13. y = log2 ------------ 14. y = log2 sin x.
-
x1
(x 8)(2 x)
----------------------------------------------------------- l 0, 15. |y| = log2 (x).
10
23. log 0,3 ------ ( log 2 5 1 )
7 H :
x
2x 3 31 > 0. 16. ) y = 3x; ) y = 10x;
1
) y = --- ;
2
log 22 x 3log 2 x + 2 ) y = ex + ex; ) y = 2ex 2ex; ) y = 3x + 4x.
------------------------------------------------------- l 0,
1
24. log 5 --- ( log 3 5 1 ) 17. ) y = x 10x; ) y = xex; x
) y = ----
-;
3 x
e
x
x x 2 l 0. x x 3 5x 2 e
) y = 2 ; ) y = e ; ) y = ------------
-.
1+x
8 + log a x loga2 x
1
------ 1 18. ) y = log3 x; ) y = log2 x + log 1 x; ) y = log5 x;
81 > --- , ---
25. 3 3
0 < x < 1. ) y = log7 x5; ) y = x + ln x; ) y = x ln x.
56 57
ln x ln x
) y = 1 2 2
19. ) y = ln2 x; ) y = ln x ; --------------------- ; ) y = ---------------
-. 30. x 2 x 1 + -------------------
- -
1 + ln x 1+x 2 2 2x + 2
20. x0 : ?
) y = 4x, x0 = 2; ) y = x, x0 = ln 3; 31. f(x) < g(x), :
) y = ln (x2 4x), x0 = 5; ) y = x ln2 x, x0= e. ) f(x) = x + 3 ln (x 2), g(x) = x + 5 ln (x 1);
21. K(x0; y0) - ) f(x) = e2x 3x, g(x) = 5(ex x + 3).
: ) y = ex, K(0; 1); ) y = ln x, K(1; 0). 32. , x (0; +) -
: : ) ex > 1 + x; ) x > ln (1 + x).
22. ) y = 2x x ln 2 + 1; ) y = x (x2 + 4x 1);
x x2 :
) y = x (x2 + 5x + 7); ) y = xe ;
) y = 2x + (6 2a)x + 6ax + ctg 3; 33. y = xex. 34. y = ln (x2 + 1).
1 x
) y = (0,2)2x + (2a + 2) --- (2a ln 5) x + ln 3; :
5
35. ) 25x 29 10x 1 + 4x = 0;
) y = e|x| 2x + 1.
) 32x + 1 + 4 16x = 7 12x;
23. a) y = ln (4x x2); ) y = ln2 x 6 ln x + 5;
) 27 4x 30 6x + 8 9x = 0;
) y = 4 ln 3 16 ln (x2 + 3x) + 0,5 (x2 + 3x)2.
) 7 49x + 1 210 21x + 3 9x + 1 = 0.
24.
2 log 5 4 log 5 x
1 3x 8x 36. ) 2 x +5 2 3 = 0;
f(x) = 0,3125 --- + 5 ln 2 (3x2 8x + 1).
2 log 2 9 log2 x
) 3 x +5 3 2 = 0;
25.
log 7 x log7 x
f(x) = x2 ln 27 6x ln 27 + (3x2 18x + 24) ln (x2 6x + 8). ) 25 x + 24 5 1 = 0;
log 3 49 log 3 ( x 1 )
26. : ) ( x 1 ) + 97 7 2 = 0.
) y = x ex + tg --- ; x
) y = ---------- ln 3
- ---------- ; ) y = (2x 1)(2x 2). x log 3 2
7 ln x 3 37. ) 2x 3 62 x + 3 = 0;
27. : x + log 2 6
) 5x + 1 2 = 2 10x 1 + 1;
) y = (x2 2x) ln x 3
--- x2 + 4x + 1; x + log 3 4 x + log2 9
2
) 3 21 x = 2 31 x;
2
x2
) y = ------ x ln x x
------ + x 1. ) 2
x + log 2 7
3
( x 2 + x )log 3 7
= 343.
2 4
28. a b, f(x) = x
2 3 2 0,5x 1 3x 3
= a ln x + bx2 + x + 2 x1 = 1 x2 = 2. 38. ) - + 1 = -------------------- ;
--------------- ) 1 + -----
- ---------------- = --- ;
2x 2 2x 3
x 3 3x + 1 2
29. -
: a) y = ex (x2 + x 5), x [4; 4]; 4x + 6 2x + 1
) -------------------
x2
- -------------------- = 7;
x x 2 4x + 6
+2
) y = 2
--------------------- , x [1; 2]; ) y = 2 33x 4 33x + 2 3x, x [1; 1];
ln 2 5x + 1 + 7 5x 1
) 3 - 30
---------------------- - = 17.
----------------------
) y = |x2 + 2x 3| + 1,5 ln x, x [0,5; 4]. 5x + 1 5 +1 + 7
x
58 59
ln x ln x
) y = 1 2 2
19. ) y = ln2 x; ) y = ln x ; --------------------- ; ) y = ---------------
-. 30. x 2 x 1 + -------------------
- -
1 + ln x 1+x 2 2 2x + 2
20. x0 : ?
) y = 4x, x0 = 2; ) y = x, x0 = ln 3; 31. f(x) < g(x), :
) y = ln (x2 4x), x0 = 5; ) y = x ln2 x, x0= e. ) f(x) = x + 3 ln (x 2), g(x) = x + 5 ln (x 1);
21. K(x0; y0) - ) f(x) = e2x 3x, g(x) = 5(ex x + 3).
: ) y = ex, K(0; 1); ) y = ln x, K(1; 0). 32. , x (0; +) -
: : ) ex > 1 + x; ) x > ln (1 + x).
22. ) y = 2x x ln 2 + 1; ) y = x (x2 + 4x 1);
x x2 :
) y = x (x2 + 5x + 7); ) y = xe ;
) y = 2x + (6 2a)x + 6ax + ctg 3; 33. y = xex. 34. y = ln (x2 + 1).
1 x
) y = (0,2)2x + (2a + 2) --- (2a ln 5) x + ln 3; :
5
35. ) 25x 29 10x 1 + 4x = 0;
) y = e|x| 2x + 1.
) 32x + 1 + 4 16x = 7 12x;
23. a) y = ln (4x x2); ) y = ln2 x 6 ln x + 5;
) 27 4x 30 6x + 8 9x = 0;
) y = 4 ln 3 16 ln (x2 + 3x) + 0,5 (x2 + 3x)2.
) 7 49x + 1 210 21x + 3 9x + 1 = 0.
24.
2 log 5 4 log 5 x
1 3x 8x 36. ) 2 x +5 2 3 = 0;
f(x) = 0,3125 --- + 5 ln 2 (3x2 8x + 1).
2 log 2 9 log2 x
) 3 x +5 3 2 = 0;
25.
log 7 x log7 x
f(x) = x2 ln 27 6x ln 27 + (3x2 18x + 24) ln (x2 6x + 8). ) 25 x + 24 5 1 = 0;
log 3 49 log 3 ( x 1 )
26. : ) ( x 1 ) + 97 7 2 = 0.
) y = x ex + tg --- ; x
) y = ---------- ln 3
- ---------- ; ) y = (2x 1)(2x 2). x log 3 2
7 ln x 3 37. ) 2x 3 62 x + 3 = 0;
27. : x + log 2 6
) 5x + 1 2 = 2 10x 1 + 1;
) y = (x2 2x) ln x 3
--- x2 + 4x + 1; x + log 3 4 x + log2 9
2
) 3 21 x = 2 31 x;
2
x2
) y = ------ x ln x x
------ + x 1. ) 2
x + log 2 7
3
( x 2 + x )log 3 7
= 343.
2 4
28. a b, f(x) = x
2 3 2 0,5x 1 3x 3
= a ln x + bx2 + x + 2 x1 = 1 x2 = 2. 38. ) - + 1 = -------------------- ;
--------------- ) 1 + -----
- ---------------- = --- ;
2x 2 2x 3
x 3 3x + 1 2
29. -
: a) y = ex (x2 + x 5), x [4; 4]; 4x + 6 2x + 1
) -------------------
x2
- -------------------- = 7;
x x 2 4x + 6
+2
) y = 2
--------------------- , x [1; 2]; ) y = 2 33x 4 33x + 2 3x, x [1; 1];
ln 2 5x + 1 + 7 5x 1
) 3 - 30
---------------------- - = 17.
----------------------
) y = |x2 + 2x 3| + 1,5 ln x, x [0,5; 4]. 5x + 1 5 +1 + 7
x
58 59
2 5 2
39. ) 9 log 8 (x 3)4 + 48 log4 (x 3)2 = 64; ) log - + log 1 1 + --- l 1;
-3 + ------------
2 x x+1 --- x
4
2
) 9 log 27 (x + 5)4 32 log9 (x + 5)2 = 48;
) log5 ---3- 1 + log 1 3 + ------------
1
- m 1.
2 xx --- x1
) 25 log 32 (x 7)4 + 16 log4 (x 7)2 = 96; 5
2 46. ) log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < 2 log x 2 |x|;
) 9 log 125 (x + 1)4 16 log25 (x + 1)2 = 32.
) log2x 4 (x2 9x + 20) < 1
--- log|x 6| (x 6)2;
: 2
40. ) 9x + 6x m 5 3x; ) 16x + 20 l 9 4x; ) log2x + 3 (x2 + x 9) > 2 log 2 |6 x|;
(x 6)
) 4x + 2 m 3 2x; ) 25x + 35 l 12 5x.
) log2x 6 (x2 11x + 30) < 1
--- log|7 x| (x 7)2.
2
41. ) log7 x logx 1
--- > 2; ) log3 x 2 logx 1
--- l 5;
7 9 lg 2 x + 2 lg x 6
47. ) --------------------------------------------
- < 1;
lg x
) log2 x + logx 4 > 3; ) log2 x 4 logx 1
--- l 7.
8 ) log2 (2x + 1) + log2 3 > log2 (2x 1) + x + 1.
1
1 + --------------------
48.
2 + log 3 x
log x 3 3
42. ) x 2 l 2; ) x m 9; logx y + logy x = 5
--- ,
1 2
---------------
log 1 x log x ---
1 xy = 27.
--- 3
) x 2 m 4x3; ) x m 27x4.
49.
43. ) (2x2 3x + 1) log4x + 5 (2x + 3) l 0; f(x) = 2 33x 4 32x + 2 3x [1; 1].
) (2x2 x 1) log4 3x (7 5x) m 0;
) (3 + x 2x2) logx + 2 (3x + 5) l 0;
) (1 x 6x2) log2 3x (1 2x) m 0.
( lg x 1 ) ( x 2 11x + 10 )
44. - m 0;
) -------------------------------------------------------------------
2
(2x 2)
( log 2 1 ) ( x 2 3x + 2 )
- m 0;
x
) ----------------------------------------------------------------
4 2x
3 x 2 ) 2 ( x 2 5x + 6 )
) (----------------------------------------------------------
- l 0;
log 2 x 1
( 5 7 x )log x
- l 0.
3
) ------------------------------------
x 10x + 9
2
45. ) log2 1 --1- + log 1 1 x
--- m 1;
x --- 4
2
) log3 2 + --1- log 1 1 ------------
3
- < 1;
x --- x+1
3
60 61
2 5 2
39. ) 9 log 8 (x 3)4 + 48 log4 (x 3)2 = 64; ) log - + log 1 1 + --- l 1;
-3 + ------------
2 x x+1 --- x
4
2
) 9 log 27 (x + 5)4 32 log9 (x + 5)2 = 48;
) log5 ---3- 1 + log 1 3 + ------------
1
- m 1.
2 xx --- x1
) 25 log 32 (x 7)4 + 16 log4 (x 7)2 = 96; 5
2 46. ) log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < 2 log x 2 |x|;
) 9 log 125 (x + 1)4 16 log25 (x + 1)2 = 32.
) log2x 4 (x2 9x + 20) < 1
--- log|x 6| (x 6)2;
: 2
40. ) 9x + 6x m 5 3x; ) 16x + 20 l 9 4x; ) log2x + 3 (x2 + x 9) > 2 log 2 |6 x|;
(x 6)
) 4x + 2 m 3 2x; ) 25x + 35 l 12 5x.
) log2x 6 (x2 11x + 30) < 1
--- log|7 x| (x 7)2.
2
41. ) log7 x logx 1
--- > 2; ) log3 x 2 logx 1
--- l 5;
7 9 lg 2 x + 2 lg x 6
47. ) --------------------------------------------
- < 1;
lg x
) log2 x + logx 4 > 3; ) log2 x 4 logx 1
--- l 7.
8 ) log2 (2x + 1) + log2 3 > log2 (2x 1) + x + 1.
1
1 + --------------------
48.
2 + log 3 x
log x 3 3
42. ) x 2 l 2; ) x m 9; logx y + logy x = 5
--- ,
1 2
---------------
log 1 x log x ---
1 xy = 27.
--- 3
) x 2 m 4x3; ) x m 27x4.
49.
43. ) (2x2 3x + 1) log4x + 5 (2x + 3) l 0; f(x) = 2 33x 4 32x + 2 3x [1; 1].
) (2x2 x 1) log4 3x (7 5x) m 0;
) (3 + x 2x2) logx + 2 (3x + 5) l 0;
) (1 x 6x2) log2 3x (1 2x) m 0.
( lg x 1 ) ( x 2 11x + 10 )
44. - m 0;
) -------------------------------------------------------------------
2
(2x 2)
( log 2 1 ) ( x 2 3x + 2 )
- m 0;
x
) ----------------------------------------------------------------
4 2x
3 x 2 ) 2 ( x 2 5x + 6 )
) (----------------------------------------------------------
- l 0;
log 2 x 1
( 5 7 x )log x
- l 0.
3
) ------------------------------------
x 10x + 9
2
45. ) log2 1 --1- + log 1 1 x
--- m 1;
x --- 4
2
) log3 2 + --1- log 1 1 ------------
3
- < 1;
x --- x+1
3
60 61
III sin cos = 1
--- (sin ( ) + sin ( + ));
2
(17)
sin sin = 1
--- (cos ( ) cos ( + ));
2
(18)
cos cos = 1
--- (cos ( ) + cos ( + )); (19)
2
1. cos 2
sin2 = 1
--------------------------- ; (20)
2
+ cos 2
cos2 = 1
--------------------------- ; (21)
sin2 + cos2 = 1; (1) 2
sin ( + ) = sin cos + cos sin ; (2) 1 cos
sin
--- = ----------------------- ; (22)
2 2
sin ( ) = sin cos cos sin ; (3)
cos ( + ) = cos cos sin sin ; 1 + cos
(4) cos
--- = ----------------------- ; (23)
2 2
cos ( ) = cos cos + sin sin ; (5)
1 cos
tg + tg
tg ( + ) = ------------------------------- tg
--- = ----------------------- ; + 2n, n Z; (24)
- ; , , + --- + n, n Z; (6) 2 1 + cos
1 tg tg 2
tg tg
tg ( ) = ------------------------------- tg sin 1 cos
--- = ----------------------- = ----------------------- ; n, n Z; (25)
- ; , , --- + n, n Z; (7) 2 1 + cos sin
1 + tg tg 2
sin 2 = 2 sin cos ; tg
(8) |sin | = ---------------------------
- ; --- + n, n Z; (26)
1 + tg 2 2
cos 2 = cos2 sin2 ; (9)
1
2 tg
|cos | = ---------------------------
- ; --- + n, n Z; (27)
tg 2 = ----------------------- ; , 2 --- + n, n Z; (10) 1 + tg 2 2
1 tg 2 2
1
sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 ; (11) |sin | = ------------------------------- ; n, n Z; (28)
1 + ctg 2
cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos ; (12)
ctg
|cos | = ------------------------------ ; n, n Z; (29)
sin + sin = 2 sin +
------------- cos ------------- ; (13) 1 + ctg 2
2 2
2 tg ---
sin sin = 2 sin +
------------- cos ------------- ; (14) 2
sin = -----------------------
- ; + 2n, n Z; (30)
2 2
1 + tg 2 ---
2
cos + cos = 2 cos +
------------- cos ------------- ; (15)
2 2
1 tg 2 ---
2
cos = -----------------------
- ; + 2n, n Z; (31)
cos cos = 2 sin +
------------- sin ------------- ; (16) 1 + tg 2 ---
2 2 2
62 63
III sin cos = 1
--- (sin ( ) + sin ( + ));
2
(17)
sin sin = 1
--- (cos ( ) cos ( + ));
2
(18)
cos cos = 1
--- (cos ( ) + cos ( + )); (19)
2
1. cos 2
sin2 = 1
--------------------------- ; (20)
2
+ cos 2
cos2 = 1
--------------------------- ; (21)
sin2 + cos2 = 1; (1) 2
sin ( + ) = sin cos + cos sin ; (2) 1 cos
sin
--- = ----------------------- ; (22)
2 2
sin ( ) = sin cos cos sin ; (3)
cos ( + ) = cos cos sin sin ; 1 + cos
(4) cos
--- = ----------------------- ; (23)
2 2
cos ( ) = cos cos + sin sin ; (5)
1 cos
tg + tg
tg ( + ) = ------------------------------- tg
--- = ----------------------- ; + 2n, n Z; (24)
- ; , , + --- + n, n Z; (6) 2 1 + cos
1 tg tg 2
tg tg
tg ( ) = ------------------------------- tg sin 1 cos
--- = ----------------------- = ----------------------- ; n, n Z; (25)
- ; , , --- + n, n Z; (7) 2 1 + cos sin
1 + tg tg 2
sin 2 = 2 sin cos ; tg
(8) |sin | = ---------------------------
- ; --- + n, n Z; (26)
1 + tg 2 2
cos 2 = cos2 sin2 ; (9)
1
2 tg
|cos | = ---------------------------
- ; --- + n, n Z; (27)
tg 2 = ----------------------- ; , 2 --- + n, n Z; (10) 1 + tg 2 2
1 tg 2 2
1
sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 ; (11) |sin | = ------------------------------- ; n, n Z; (28)
1 + ctg 2
cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos ; (12)
ctg
|cos | = ------------------------------ ; n, n Z; (29)
sin + sin = 2 sin +
------------- cos ------------- ; (13) 1 + ctg 2
2 2
2 tg ---
sin sin = 2 sin +
------------- cos ------------- ; (14) 2
sin = -----------------------
- ; + 2n, n Z; (30)
2 2
1 + tg 2 ---
2
cos + cos = 2 cos +
------------- cos ------------- ; (15)
2 2
1 tg 2 ---
2
cos = -----------------------
- ; + 2n, n Z; (31)
cos cos = 2 sin +
------------- sin ------------- ; (16) 1 + tg 2 ---
2 2 2
62 63
4 + 2 sin cos cos 4
2tg --- ) sin
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = cos 2.
2 n tg2 1
tg = -----------------------
- ; ------- , n Z; (32)
2
1 tg --- 2 sin ( ) sin ( + )
2 7. ) ------------------------------------------------------- = cos2 sin2 ;
1 tg 2 ctg 2
a cos x + b sin x = a 2 + b 2 sin (x + ), (33) ) 3 4 cos 2 + cos 4 = 8 sin4 ;
a b ) cos4 = 1 1 3
--- cos 4 + --- cos 2 + --- ;
a2 + b2 0, sin = ---------------------
- , cos = ---------------------- ; 8 2 8
a2 + b2 a2 + b2
) sin4 + cos4 = 1
--- (1 + cos2 2).
Arcsin a = (1)n arcsin a + n, n Z; (34) 2
Arccos a = arccos a + 2n, n Z; (35) 8. ) 4 (sin6 + cos6 ) = 1 + 3 cos3 2;
Arctg a = arctg a + n, n Z; (36) ) 8 sin8
--- + cos8 --- = 1 + 6 cos2 + cos4 ;
2 2
Arcctg a = arcctg a + n, n Z. (37) ) tg x + tg 2x tg 3x = tg x tg 2x tg 3x;
) 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = 4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x.
1. :
9. :
sin 2 tg 2
) sin6 + cos6 + 3 sin2 cos2 = 1; ) --------------------------------------
- = tg6 . sin + sin 3
) ------------------------------------
-;
cos 4 cos 2
) ----------------------------------------
-;
2 2 cos ctg cos + cos 3 sin 2 + sin 4
2. , sin + cos = a, : sin 3 sin 2 + sin 3 2 ( sin 2 + 2cos 1 ) 2
a) |sin cos |; ) cos4 + sin4 . ) ----------------------------------------------------------------
-; ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-;
cos 3 cos 2 + cos 3 cos sin cos 3 + sin 3
3. : tg + ctg = p. : 2 4 6
) cos ------
- + cos ------- + cos ------- ;
a) tg2 + ctg2 ; ) tg3 + ctg3 . 7 7 7
4. :
) cos 0 + cos --- + cos 2 6
------- + ... + cos ------- .
7 7 7
) sin --- , tg = 3 3
--- , ------- < < 2;
3 4 2 :
) cos (70 + ), sin (40 + ) = b, 0 < < 45; 2 sin 2 + sin 4
- = tg 2 cos ;
10. ) ---------------------------------------------
2 ( cos + cos 3 )
) sin ( + ), sin = 12 8 4
------ , cos = ------ , sin = --- ; 0 < <
13 17 5 ) cos4 sin4 + sin 2 = 2 cos 2 --- ;
4
< --- , 0 < < --- , 0 < < --- ; ) cos2 + cos2 --- + + cos2 --- = 3
--- ;
2 2 2 3 3 2
) sin 3, cos 3, tg 3, ctg = 4 3
--- , < < ------- . ) sin2 + cos --- cos --- + = 1
--- ;
3 2 3 3 4
5. : , , . ) log 1 [cos2 ( + ) + cos2 ( ) cos 2 cos 2] = 0;
---
sin sin cos = cos cos . 3
ctg 2 2 1
: ) ----------------------------
- cos 8 ctg 4 = sin 8;
2 ctg 2
6. ) (cos + sin )2 = 1 + sin 2; ) 1 sin = 2 sin2 ---
--- ; 11. ) 16 sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70 = 1;
4 2
1 1 1 1
1 2sin 2 1 2 sin 2 1 tg
) sin2 cos4 = ------ + ------ cos 2 ------ cos 4 ------ cos 6;
) ------------------------------------------------------------------
- = 1; ) ------------------------------ = -------------------- ; 16 32 16 32
1 + sin 2 1 + tg
2ctg --- + cos 2 --- ) sin 9 + 3 sin 7 + 3 sin 5 + sin 3 = 8 sin 6 cos3 ;
4 4 ) tg ( ) + tg ( ) + tg ( ) = tg ( ) tg ( ) tg ( );
) tg --- + = 1 + sin 2
--------------------------- ;
cos + sin
) --------------------------------
- = tg 2 + sec 2; ) 1 + sin 1 sin = 2 sin
--- , 0; --- .
4 cos 2 cos sin 2 2
64 65
4 + 2 sin cos cos 4
2tg --- ) sin
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = cos 2.
2 n tg2 1
tg = -----------------------
- ; ------- , n Z; (32)
2
1 tg --- 2 sin ( ) sin ( + )
2 7. ) ------------------------------------------------------- = cos2 sin2 ;
1 tg 2 ctg 2
a cos x + b sin x = a 2 + b 2 sin (x + ), (33) ) 3 4 cos 2 + cos 4 = 8 sin4 ;
a b ) cos4 = 1 1 3
--- cos 4 + --- cos 2 + --- ;
a2 + b2 0, sin = ---------------------
- , cos = ---------------------- ; 8 2 8
a2 + b2 a2 + b2
) sin4 + cos4 = 1
--- (1 + cos2 2).
Arcsin a = (1)n arcsin a + n, n Z; (34) 2
Arccos a = arccos a + 2n, n Z; (35) 8. ) 4 (sin6 + cos6 ) = 1 + 3 cos3 2;
Arctg a = arctg a + n, n Z; (36) ) 8 sin8
--- + cos8 --- = 1 + 6 cos2 + cos4 ;
2 2
Arcctg a = arcctg a + n, n Z. (37) ) tg x + tg 2x tg 3x = tg x tg 2x tg 3x;
) 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = 4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x.
1. :
9. :
sin 2 tg 2
) sin6 + cos6 + 3 sin2 cos2 = 1; ) --------------------------------------
- = tg6 . sin + sin 3
) ------------------------------------
-;
cos 4 cos 2
) ----------------------------------------
-;
2 2 cos ctg cos + cos 3 sin 2 + sin 4
2. , sin + cos = a, : sin 3 sin 2 + sin 3 2 ( sin 2 + 2cos 1 ) 2
a) |sin cos |; ) cos4 + sin4 . ) ----------------------------------------------------------------
-; ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-;
cos 3 cos 2 + cos 3 cos sin cos 3 + sin 3
3. : tg + ctg = p. : 2 4 6
) cos ------
- + cos ------- + cos ------- ;
a) tg2 + ctg2 ; ) tg3 + ctg3 . 7 7 7
4. :
) cos 0 + cos --- + cos 2 6
------- + ... + cos ------- .
7 7 7
) sin --- , tg = 3 3
--- , ------- < < 2;
3 4 2 :
) cos (70 + ), sin (40 + ) = b, 0 < < 45; 2 sin 2 + sin 4
- = tg 2 cos ;
10. ) ---------------------------------------------
2 ( cos + cos 3 )
) sin ( + ), sin = 12 8 4
------ , cos = ------ , sin = --- ; 0 < <
13 17 5 ) cos4 sin4 + sin 2 = 2 cos 2 --- ;
4
< --- , 0 < < --- , 0 < < --- ; ) cos2 + cos2 --- + + cos2 --- = 3
--- ;
2 2 2 3 3 2
) sin 3, cos 3, tg 3, ctg = 4 3
--- , < < ------- . ) sin2 + cos --- cos --- + = 1
--- ;
3 2 3 3 4
5. : , , . ) log 1 [cos2 ( + ) + cos2 ( ) cos 2 cos 2] = 0;
---
sin sin cos = cos cos . 3
ctg 2 2 1
: ) ----------------------------
- cos 8 ctg 4 = sin 8;
2 ctg 2
6. ) (cos + sin )2 = 1 + sin 2; ) 1 sin = 2 sin2 ---
--- ; 11. ) 16 sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70 = 1;
4 2
1 1 1 1
1 2sin 2 1 2 sin 2 1 tg
) sin2 cos4 = ------ + ------ cos 2 ------ cos 4 ------ cos 6;
) ------------------------------------------------------------------
- = 1; ) ------------------------------ = -------------------- ; 16 32 16 32
1 + sin 2 1 + tg
2ctg --- + cos 2 --- ) sin 9 + 3 sin 7 + 3 sin 5 + sin 3 = 8 sin 6 cos3 ;
4 4 ) tg ( ) + tg ( ) + tg ( ) = tg ( ) tg ( ) tg ( );
) tg --- + = 1 + sin 2
--------------------------- ;
cos + sin
) --------------------------------
- = tg 2 + sec 2; ) 1 + sin 1 sin = 2 sin
--- , 0; --- .
4 cos 2 cos sin 2 2
64 65
20. x y, -
12. : sin + cos = 1,4, 0 < < --- . tg
--- .
4 2 :
13. , , x2 2 = 2 cos ,
x = 3 cos ,
tg --- = 1 1
--- ctg --- , ctg --- = --- 3 tg --- + ctg --- . ) y = 4 sin ; ) y = 4 cos2
--- ;
2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + .
: x = tg , x= 1 cos ,
) )
14. ) cos 29230; ) cosec 10 3 sec 10; y = sec ; y = sin
--- + cos --- .
2 2
cos 40 cos 20
) 2
------------------------------------------------- ;
sin 20
sec 5 cos 40
) 2 2 sin 10 -2 sin 35 --------------- ------------------
-;
2 sin 5 2.
) cos2 73 + cos2 47 + cos 73 cos 47;
e) sin 6 sin 42 sin 66 + sin 78. 1. :
15. ) cos
2 33 cos 2 57 ) y = sin x cos x ; ) y = 2 cos x + 1 + 2 sin x 1 ;
---------------------------------------------------- ; ) 6 cos 40 8 cos 40;
sin 21 cos 21
) y = ( 2 cos x + 1 ) ( cos x 1 ) ;) y = sin x ( tg 2 x 3 ) ;
) tg6 20 33 tg4 20 + 27 tg2 20 3; ) ctg2 36 ctg2 72;
) y = tgx sin x .
) cos ------ cos 2 4 8
------- cos ------- cos ------- ;
15 15 15 15 2. :
) cos 20 cos 40 cos 80. ) y = 9 cos 3x 12 cos3 3x; ) y = cos (2 sin x);
16. ) 8 cos 10 cos 50 cos 70; ) cos --- cos 2
------- ; 1
) y = cos 1 ---------------
- ; ) y = 12 sin x + 5 cos x 3;
5 5 x2 + 1
) cos --- cos 2
------- ; ) tg 20 + tg 40 + 3 tg 20 tg 40; ) y = 1 2 sin x cos x.
5 5
3. :
) sin 54 sin 18; ) 4 sin 54 cos 72.
) y = a cos x + b sin x + c;
17. , = + , :
) y = 10 cos2 x 6 sin x cos x + 2 sin2 x.
a) sin + sin + sin = 4 sin
--- cos --- cos --- ; 1 1
2 2 2 4. y = ------------
- + ------------- ,
cos x sin x
) cos2 + cos2 + cos2 2 cos cos cos = 1.
X = 0; --- , x X.
18. , + + = --- , : 2
2
5.
a) +
sin2 + = 1 2 sin sin sin ;
sin2 sin2
) ctg + ctg + ctg = ctg ctg ctg . y = 2 (1 + sin 3x sin 2x) 1
--- (cos 4x + cos 6x).
2
19. , + + = , :
) cos + cos + cos = 1 + 4 sin
--- sin --- sin --- ;
6. ,
2 2 2 y = sin 5x + sin 3x + 5 sin x cos 2x, x R, .
) 1 cos2 cos2 cos2 = 2 cos cos cos ; 7. ,
) sin + sin + sin = 4 cos
--- cos --- cos --- . y = cos 4x + sin3 x
--- sin x + 5x2, x R, .
2 2 2 2
66 67
20. x y, -
12. : sin + cos = 1,4, 0 < < --- . tg
--- .
4 2 :
13. , , x2 2 = 2 cos ,
x = 3 cos ,
tg --- = 1 1
--- ctg --- , ctg --- = --- 3 tg --- + ctg --- . ) y = 4 sin ; ) y = 4 cos2
--- ;
2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + .
: x = tg , x= 1 cos ,
) )
14. ) cos 29230; ) cosec 10 3 sec 10; y = sec ; y = sin
--- + cos --- .
2 2
cos 40 cos 20
) 2
------------------------------------------------- ;
sin 20
sec 5 cos 40
) 2 2 sin 10 -2 sin 35 --------------- ------------------
-;
2 sin 5 2.
) cos2 73 + cos2 47 + cos 73 cos 47;
e) sin 6 sin 42 sin 66 + sin 78. 1. :
15. ) cos
2 33 cos 2 57 ) y = sin x cos x ; ) y = 2 cos x + 1 + 2 sin x 1 ;
---------------------------------------------------- ; ) 6 cos 40 8 cos 40;
sin 21 cos 21
) y = ( 2 cos x + 1 ) ( cos x 1 ) ;) y = sin x ( tg 2 x 3 ) ;
) tg6 20 33 tg4 20 + 27 tg2 20 3; ) ctg2 36 ctg2 72;
) y = tgx sin x .
) cos ------ cos 2 4 8
------- cos ------- cos ------- ;
15 15 15 15 2. :
) cos 20 cos 40 cos 80. ) y = 9 cos 3x 12 cos3 3x; ) y = cos (2 sin x);
16. ) 8 cos 10 cos 50 cos 70; ) cos --- cos 2
------- ; 1
) y = cos 1 ---------------
- ; ) y = 12 sin x + 5 cos x 3;
5 5 x2 + 1
) cos --- cos 2
------- ; ) tg 20 + tg 40 + 3 tg 20 tg 40; ) y = 1 2 sin x cos x.
5 5
3. :
) sin 54 sin 18; ) 4 sin 54 cos 72.
) y = a cos x + b sin x + c;
17. , = + , :
) y = 10 cos2 x 6 sin x cos x + 2 sin2 x.
a) sin + sin + sin = 4 sin
--- cos --- cos --- ; 1 1
2 2 2 4. y = ------------
- + ------------- ,
cos x sin x
) cos2 + cos2 + cos2 2 cos cos cos = 1.
X = 0; --- , x X.
18. , + + = --- , : 2
2
5.
a) +
sin2 + = 1 2 sin sin sin ;
sin2 sin2
) ctg + ctg + ctg = ctg ctg ctg . y = 2 (1 + sin 3x sin 2x) 1
--- (cos 4x + cos 6x).
2
19. , + + = , :
) cos + cos + cos = 1 + 4 sin
--- sin --- sin --- ;
6. ,
2 2 2 y = sin 5x + sin 3x + 5 sin x cos 2x, x R, .
) 1 cos2 cos2 cos2 = 2 cos cos cos ; 7. ,
) sin + sin + sin = 4 cos
--- cos --- cos --- . y = cos 4x + sin3 x
--- sin x + 5x2, x R, .
2 2 2 2
66 67
8. : x
18. a) y = sin 3x; ) y = cos ------
-; ) y = sin2 (2x 1);
) y = sin 3x; ) y = tg 2x + 2 sin 3x; ) y = cos x
--- ;
2
2 sin x
) y = cos3 (x2 + x); ) y = -----------------------
-.
) y = cos2 x; ) y = sin (cos x); ) y = cos (sin x); 1 + cos x
19. x0
) y = cos 3x 2x
------- sin ------- .
5 7
: ) y = sin x, x0 = --- ; ) y = cos (2x), x0 = --- ; ) y =
6 4
9. , 0 < x < --- -
2
= tg x x, x0 = --- .
3
sin x < x < tg x. 20. A(x0; y0) -
10. , 0 < |x| < --- - : a) y = 2 sin x 3
--- , A ------- ; 2 ; ) y = cos2 x,
2 3 2
A --- ; 1
--- ; ) y = tg 2x, A --- ; 1 .
sin x 4 2 8
cos x < ------------
- < 1.
x 21.
11. : y = sin2 x 20 cos x + 1.
) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + ... + sin nx, x 2n; 22. ,
) cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + ... + cos nx, x 2n, n Z.
f(x) = cos2 x + cos2 --- + x cos x cos --- + x
3 3
:
12. a) y = sin 2x; ) y = sin x
--- ; ) y = sin x --- ; , . . x.
3 3 .
sin x
) y = sin |x|; ) y = |sin x|; ) y = ---------------- .
sin x
13. a) y = x + sin x; ) y = x sin x; ) y = cosec |x|; 3.
) y = 2sin x; ) y = sin (arcsin (log0,5 x)).
1. , :
14. a) y = cos x
--- ; ) y = cos 2x; ) y = cos x + --- ;
2 4 sin (arcsin x) = x, 1 m x m 1; sin (arccos x) = 1 x 2 , 1 m x m 1;
) y = |cos x|; ) y = sec x. x 1
sin (arctg x) = -------------------
- ; sin (arcctg x) = -------------------- ;
15. a) y = tg 3x; ) y = tg x
--- ; ) y = tg --- x ; 1 + x2 1 + x2
2 6
) y = tg |x|; ) y = |tg x|; ) y = tg x ctg x. cos (arccos x) = x, 1 m x m 1; cos (arcsin x) = 1 x 2 , 1 m x m 1;
16. : 1
cos (arctg x) = ------------------- x
- ; cos (arcctg x) = -------------------- ;
a) |y| = sin x; ) sin y = sin x. 1 + x2 1 + x2
: x
tg (arctg x) = x; tg (arcsin x) = -------------------
- , 1 < x < 1;
1 x2
17. a) y = sin x cos x; ) y = tg x + ctg x; ) y = sin2 x;
1x 2
) y = cos2 x; ) y = 1
--- tg3 x; e) y = 1
--- ctg4 x. - , 1 m x < 0, 0 < x m 1;
tg (arccos x) = -------------------
3 4 x
68 69
8. : x
18. a) y = sin 3x; ) y = cos ------
-; ) y = sin2 (2x 1);
) y = sin 3x; ) y = tg 2x + 2 sin 3x; ) y = cos x
--- ;
2
2 sin x
) y = cos3 (x2 + x); ) y = -----------------------
-.
) y = cos2 x; ) y = sin (cos x); ) y = cos (sin x); 1 + cos x
19. x0
) y = cos 3x 2x
------- sin ------- .
5 7
: ) y = sin x, x0 = --- ; ) y = cos (2x), x0 = --- ; ) y =
6 4
9. , 0 < x < --- -
2
= tg x x, x0 = --- .
3
sin x < x < tg x. 20. A(x0; y0) -
10. , 0 < |x| < --- - : a) y = 2 sin x 3
--- , A ------- ; 2 ; ) y = cos2 x,
2 3 2
A --- ; 1
--- ; ) y = tg 2x, A --- ; 1 .
sin x 4 2 8
cos x < ------------
- < 1.
x 21.
11. : y = sin2 x 20 cos x + 1.
) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + ... + sin nx, x 2n; 22. ,
) cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + ... + cos nx, x 2n, n Z.
f(x) = cos2 x + cos2 --- + x cos x cos --- + x
3 3
:
12. a) y = sin 2x; ) y = sin x
--- ; ) y = sin x --- ; , . . x.
3 3 .
sin x
) y = sin |x|; ) y = |sin x|; ) y = ---------------- .
sin x
13. a) y = x + sin x; ) y = x sin x; ) y = cosec |x|; 3.
) y = 2sin x; ) y = sin (arcsin (log0,5 x)).
1. , :
14. a) y = cos x
--- ; ) y = cos 2x; ) y = cos x + --- ;
2 4 sin (arcsin x) = x, 1 m x m 1; sin (arccos x) = 1 x 2 , 1 m x m 1;
) y = |cos x|; ) y = sec x. x 1
sin (arctg x) = -------------------
- ; sin (arcctg x) = -------------------- ;
15. a) y = tg 3x; ) y = tg x
--- ; ) y = tg --- x ; 1 + x2 1 + x2
2 6
) y = tg |x|; ) y = |tg x|; ) y = tg x ctg x. cos (arccos x) = x, 1 m x m 1; cos (arcsin x) = 1 x 2 , 1 m x m 1;
16. : 1
cos (arctg x) = ------------------- x
- ; cos (arcctg x) = -------------------- ;
a) |y| = sin x; ) sin y = sin x. 1 + x2 1 + x2
: x
tg (arctg x) = x; tg (arcsin x) = -------------------
- , 1 < x < 1;
1 x2
17. a) y = sin x cos x; ) y = tg x + ctg x; ) y = sin2 x;
1x 2
) y = cos2 x; ) y = 1
--- tg3 x; e) y = 1
--- ctg4 x. - , 1 m x < 0, 0 < x m 1;
tg (arccos x) = -------------------
3 4 x
68 69
x
tg (arcctg x) = --1- , x 0; ) x > 0, arctg x = arcctg --1- = arcsin -------------------
- =
x x 1 + x2
1
ctg (arcctg x) = x; ctg (arctg x) = --1- , x 0; = arccos -------------------
-,
x 1 + x2
x
1x 2
1
arcctg x = arctg --1- = arcsin -------------------
- = arccos -------------------- .
- , 1 m x < 0, 0 < x m 1;
ctg (arcsin x) = ------------------- x 1 + x2 1 + x2
x
7. -
x
ctg (arccos x) = -------------------
- , 1 < x < 1. :
1 x2
a) arcsin 3
--- ; ) arccos 12
------ ;
5
) arctg ------ ; ) arcctg 3
--- .
: 5 13 12 4
8. , :
2. a) sin 2 arcsin 1
--- ; ) cos 2 arcsin 1
--- ;
3 3 a) arcsin (x) = arcsin x, 1 m x m 1;
) arctg (x) = arctg x;
) tg 2 arcsin 1
--- ; ) sin 2 arctg 3); ) tg (2 arctg 3).
3 ) arccos (x) = arccos x, 1 m x m 1;
) arcctg (x) = arcctg x.
3. a) sin 3 arcsin 1 1
--- ; ) cos 3 arccos --- .
3 4 9. -
:
4. a) sin 1
--- arctg 3 ; ) s 1
--
1 1
- arctg 5 ; ) sin --- arccos --- . a) arccos 1
--- ;
7
) arctg ------ ; 7
) arcctg ------ .
2 2 2 9 3 24 24
10. , :
5. a) sin 1 17
--- arccos ------ ; ) sin 1 63
--- arcsin ----------- ;
4 32 4 8 ) 0 m x m 1, 0 m y m 1,
) cos 1 24
--- arctg ------ . arcsin x + arcsin y = arccos ( 1 x 2 1 y 2 xy),
4 7
arccos x + arccos y = arccos (xy 1 x 2 1 y 2 ),
6. , :
arcsin x arcsin y = arcsin (x 1 y2 y 1 x 2 ),
) 0 m x m 1, arcsin x = arccos 1 x 2 , arccos x =
arccos x arccos y = arcsin (y 1 x2 x 1 y 2 );
= arcsin 1 x2 ;
) x > 0, y > 0,
x
) 0 m x < 1, arcsin x = arctg -------------------
- , arccos x = xy
1 x2 arctg x + arctg y = arcctg 1
----------------- ,
x+y
x
= arcctg -------------------
-; 1
1 x2 arcctg x + arcctg y = arcctg xy
----------------- ,
x+y
1 x2 xy
) 0 < x m 1, arcsin x = arcctg -------------------
- , arccos x = arctg x arctg y = arctg ----------------
-,
x 1 + xy
1x 2 yx
= arctg -------------------
-; arcctg x arcctg y = arctg ----------------
-.
x 1 + xy
70 71
x
tg (arcctg x) = --1- , x 0; ) x > 0, arctg x = arcctg --1- = arcsin -------------------
- =
x x 1 + x2
1
ctg (arcctg x) = x; ctg (arctg x) = --1- , x 0; = arccos -------------------
-,
x 1 + x2
x
1x 2
1
arcctg x = arctg --1- = arcsin -------------------
- = arccos -------------------- .
- , 1 m x < 0, 0 < x m 1;
ctg (arcsin x) = ------------------- x 1 + x2 1 + x2
x
7. -
x
ctg (arccos x) = -------------------
- , 1 < x < 1. :
1 x2
a) arcsin 3
--- ; ) arccos 12
------ ;
5
) arctg ------ ; ) arcctg 3
--- .
: 5 13 12 4
8. , :
2. a) sin 2 arcsin 1
--- ; ) cos 2 arcsin 1
--- ;
3 3 a) arcsin (x) = arcsin x, 1 m x m 1;
) arctg (x) = arctg x;
) tg 2 arcsin 1
--- ; ) sin 2 arctg 3); ) tg (2 arctg 3).
3 ) arccos (x) = arccos x, 1 m x m 1;
) arcctg (x) = arcctg x.
3. a) sin 3 arcsin 1 1
--- ; ) cos 3 arccos --- .
3 4 9. -
:
4. a) sin 1
--- arctg 3 ; ) s 1
--
1 1
- arctg 5 ; ) sin --- arccos --- . a) arccos 1
--- ;
7
) arctg ------ ; 7
) arcctg ------ .
2 2 2 9 3 24 24
10. , :
5. a) sin 1 17
--- arccos ------ ; ) sin 1 63
--- arcsin ----------- ;
4 32 4 8 ) 0 m x m 1, 0 m y m 1,
) cos 1 24
--- arctg ------ . arcsin x + arcsin y = arccos ( 1 x 2 1 y 2 xy),
4 7
arccos x + arccos y = arccos (xy 1 x 2 1 y 2 ),
6. , :
arcsin x arcsin y = arcsin (x 1 y2 y 1 x 2 ),
) 0 m x m 1, arcsin x = arccos 1 x 2 , arccos x =
arccos x arccos y = arcsin (y 1 x2 x 1 y 2 );
= arcsin 1 x2 ;
) x > 0, y > 0,
x
) 0 m x < 1, arcsin x = arctg -------------------
- , arccos x = xy
1 x2 arctg x + arctg y = arcctg 1
----------------- ,
x+y
x
= arcctg -------------------
-; 1
1 x2 arcctg x + arcctg y = arcctg xy
----------------- ,
x+y
1 x2 xy
) 0 < x m 1, arcsin x = arcctg -------------------
- , arccos x = arctg x arctg y = arctg ----------------
-,
x 1 + xy
1x 2 yx
= arctg -------------------
-; arcctg x arcctg y = arctg ----------------
-.
x 1 + xy
70 71
11. :
18. cos ( arcctg2 x) = 1
--- .
2
a) arcsin 3 12
--- + arcsin ------ ;
7
) arccos ------ + arccos 3
--- ;
5 13 25 5 19. :
3 24
) arctg 4 + arctg 5; ) arcsin --- arcsin ------ ; a) arctg 1 1 1 1
--- + arctg --- + arctg --- + arctg --- ;
5 25 3 5 7 8
5 7 ) arctg 1 + arctg 2 + arctg 3;
) arccos ------ arccos ------ ; e) arctg 4 arctg 5;
13 25
) arctg 1 1
--- + arctg --- ;
) arcctg 5 arcctg 4. 2 3
7
12. , : ) arcctg 3 + arcctg 4 + arcctg ------ .
11
a) arcsin x + arccos x = --- , 1 m x m 1; :
2
20. ) y = arcsin (sin x); ) y = arccos (cos x);
) arctg x + arcctg x = --- . ) y = arctg (tg x); ) y = arcctg (ctg x);
2
) y = arcsin --1- ; ) y = arccos --1- .
13. : x x
a) 5 arctg x + 3 arcctg x = 2; 1
21. ) y = arctg ------------ 1
) y = arcctg ------------
-; -;
) arctg x + arctg 2x + arctg 3x = . x1 x1
1
14. ) y = arcctg x ------------- ; ) y = arcctg (2x x2);
x2
arcsin3 x + arccos3 x. x2 4 x2 4
) y = arctg ---------------
-; ) |y| = arctg ---------------
-.
15. , : x2 1 2 x 1
a) arcsin (sin x) = 22. ) y = arcsin (x 2); ) y = arccos x
--- ;
2
x 2n, 2n --- m x m 2n + --- , ) y = arcsin x2; ) y = arccos (x2).
2 2
= 23. a) y = arctg (x + 1); ) y = arcctg (3 x);
x + 2n, 2n + --- m x m 2n + 3
------- ;
2 2 ) y = arctg (x2 1); ) y = arcctg (4 x2).
24. ) y = sin (arcsin x); ) y = cos (arcsin x).
x 2n, 2n m x m 2n + ,
) arccos (cos x) = 2 x + 2n, 2n + m x m 2(n + 1); 25. -
, , :
) arctg (tg x) = x n, n --- < x < n + --- ; 1
2 2 - , x ( 1; 1);
) (arcsin x) = -------------------
1 x2
) arcctg (ctg x) = x n, n < x < (n + 1). 1
- , x ( 1; 1);
) (arccos x) = -------------------
16. : 1 x2
1 1
) (arctg x) = ---------------
- ; ) (arcctg x) = ---------------2- .
) arcsin sin 10
---------- ; ) arccos sin --- ; 1 + x2 1+x
7 9
:
) arcsin cos 33
---------- . 26. ) y = arcsin (1 x); ) y = arccos (x + 2);
10
) y = arcsin x --- + arccos 2x; ) y = x arcsin x;
17. : arcsin (sin x); arccos (cos x); arctg (tg x), 2
arcctg (ctg x); arcsin (cos x); arccos (sin x), : arcsx
) y = ---------------------- ; e) y = arcsinx
----------------------- .
) x = 3; ) x = 4; ) x = 10. x arcsx
72 73
11. :
18. cos ( arcctg2 x) = 1
--- .
2
a) arcsin 3 12
--- + arcsin ------ ;
7
) arccos ------ + arccos 3
--- ;
5 13 25 5 19. :
3 24
) arctg 4 + arctg 5; ) arcsin --- arcsin ------ ; a) arctg 1 1 1 1
--- + arctg --- + arctg --- + arctg --- ;
5 25 3 5 7 8
5 7 ) arctg 1 + arctg 2 + arctg 3;
) arccos ------ arccos ------ ; e) arctg 4 arctg 5;
13 25
) arctg 1 1
--- + arctg --- ;
) arcctg 5 arcctg 4. 2 3
7
12. , : ) arcctg 3 + arcctg 4 + arcctg ------ .
11
a) arcsin x + arccos x = --- , 1 m x m 1; :
2
20. ) y = arcsin (sin x); ) y = arccos (cos x);
) arctg x + arcctg x = --- . ) y = arctg (tg x); ) y = arcctg (ctg x);
2
) y = arcsin --1- ; ) y = arccos --1- .
13. : x x
a) 5 arctg x + 3 arcctg x = 2; 1
21. ) y = arctg ------------ 1
) y = arcctg ------------
-; -;
) arctg x + arctg 2x + arctg 3x = . x1 x1
1
14. ) y = arcctg x ------------- ; ) y = arcctg (2x x2);
x2
arcsin3 x + arccos3 x. x2 4 x2 4
) y = arctg ---------------
-; ) |y| = arctg ---------------
-.
15. , : x2 1 2 x 1
a) arcsin (sin x) = 22. ) y = arcsin (x 2); ) y = arccos x
--- ;
2
x 2n, 2n --- m x m 2n + --- , ) y = arcsin x2; ) y = arccos (x2).
2 2
= 23. a) y = arctg (x + 1); ) y = arcctg (3 x);
x + 2n, 2n + --- m x m 2n + 3
------- ;
2 2 ) y = arctg (x2 1); ) y = arcctg (4 x2).
24. ) y = sin (arcsin x); ) y = cos (arcsin x).
x 2n, 2n m x m 2n + ,
) arccos (cos x) = 2 x + 2n, 2n + m x m 2(n + 1); 25. -
, , :
) arctg (tg x) = x n, n --- < x < n + --- ; 1
2 2 - , x ( 1; 1);
) (arcsin x) = -------------------
1 x2
) arcctg (ctg x) = x n, n < x < (n + 1). 1
- , x ( 1; 1);
) (arccos x) = -------------------
16. : 1 x2
1 1
) (arctg x) = ---------------
- ; ) (arcctg x) = ---------------2- .
) arcsin sin 10
---------- ; ) arccos sin --- ; 1 + x2 1+x
7 9
:
) arcsin cos 33
---------- . 26. ) y = arcsin (1 x); ) y = arccos (x + 2);
10
) y = arcsin x --- + arccos 2x; ) y = x arcsin x;
17. : arcsin (sin x); arccos (cos x); arctg (tg x), 2
arcctg (ctg x); arcsin (cos x); arccos (sin x), : arcsx
) y = ---------------------- ; e) y = arcsinx
----------------------- .
) x = 3; ) x = 4; ) x = 10. x arcsx
72 73
27. ) y = arctg x2; ) y = arcctg 2x; 4. a, -
1x a 1,5
) y = arcsin (sin x); ) y = arcsin ------------- .
cos x = ---------------------
- .
1+x 2 0,5a
5. : ) y = 3 sin x + 2(x 1);
28. x0
) y = cos 2x + ax 3.
: ) y = 2 arcsin x; x0 = ------3- ; ) y = 3 arccos x, x0 = ------2- ; :
2 2
) y = arctg x3 , x0 = 1; ) y = 2 arcctg (x2 3), x0 = 1. 1
6. a) tg x = ------
-; ) tg x
--- --- = 1;
3 2 7
29. B(x0; y0) -
: tg --- tg x
2 tg x 4
) ----------------------
- = 5; ) --------------------------------
- = 3.
x 1 tg x 2
) y = arcsin 3x, B 1 3
--- ; arcsin --- ; ) y = arctg --- , B -2; --- . 1 + tg x tg ---
4
5 5 2 4 4
30. : 7. a) ctg x = l; ) ctg 2x + --- = 2;
3
) y = x + arccos x + 1; ) y = x arctg x.
2
31. ) ctg x
--- 3- = 1;
1
) ----------
- = 7 2.
2 tg x
x
y = arctg 1
------------- [0; 1].
1+x 8. a) cos (1,5 + x) = 2 sin (x + ) cos x;
) 2 sin x cos x + 3 2 cos x 3 sin x = 0;
) sin 2x = (cos x sin x)2; ) tg3 3x 2 sin3 3x = 0;
4.
) 2 tg x cos x + 1 = 2 cos x + tg x.
: 9. ) sin x + cos2 x = 1
--- ; ) 3 cos x = 2 sin2 x;
4
1. a) sin x = 1
--- ; ) sin 2x + --- = 1; ) 6 cos2 x + 13 sin x = 12;
2 4
) 3 cos2 x 4 cos x sin2 x 2 = 0;
) 2 sin x cos x 3 sin 2x = 0;
) cos4 x x
--- + sin2 --- = 1;
) sin x x 1
--- cos --- cos --- sin --- = --- ; 5 5
2 3 2 3 4
2 cos x 1
) sin x = 1. - sin2 x = sin2 x.
) sin x -----------------------------
2 cos x 1
2. a) cos x = 0; ) cos 3x --- = 1; 10. a) tg2 x 4 tg x + 3 = 0; ) 2 tg x 2 ctg x = 3;
6
3 1
- = 4 tg x;
) -------------- - = ctg x + 3.
) --------------
) sin4 x x 1
--- cos4 --- = --- ; cos x 2 sin x 2
2 2 2
11. a) 2 cos x (cos x 8 tg x) = 5;
) cos --- cos x sin --- sin x = --- ; ) cos x2 = 1.
6 6 4
) cos --- sin --- (sec x + tg x) = sin --- cos x;
4 6 4
3. 2 cos ---- -sin x 13 + ------2- = 3.
6 2 ) log2 (3 sin x) log2 cos x log2 (1 tg x) log2 (1 + tg x) = 1.
74 75
27. ) y = arctg x2; ) y = arcctg 2x; 4. a, -
1x a 1,5
) y = arcsin (sin x); ) y = arcsin ------------- .
cos x = ---------------------
- .
1+x 2 0,5a
5. : ) y = 3 sin x + 2(x 1);
28. x0
) y = cos 2x + ax 3.
: ) y = 2 arcsin x; x0 = ------3- ; ) y = 3 arccos x, x0 = ------2- ; :
2 2
) y = arctg x3 , x0 = 1; ) y = 2 arcctg (x2 3), x0 = 1. 1
6. a) tg x = ------
-; ) tg x
--- --- = 1;
3 2 7
29. B(x0; y0) -
: tg --- tg x
2 tg x 4
) ----------------------
- = 5; ) --------------------------------
- = 3.
x 1 tg x 2
) y = arcsin 3x, B 1 3
--- ; arcsin --- ; ) y = arctg --- , B -2; --- . 1 + tg x tg ---
4
5 5 2 4 4
30. : 7. a) ctg x = l; ) ctg 2x + --- = 2;
3
) y = x + arccos x + 1; ) y = x arctg x.
2
31. ) ctg x
--- 3- = 1;
1
) ----------
- = 7 2.
2 tg x
x
y = arctg 1
------------- [0; 1].
1+x 8. a) cos (1,5 + x) = 2 sin (x + ) cos x;
) 2 sin x cos x + 3 2 cos x 3 sin x = 0;
) sin 2x = (cos x sin x)2; ) tg3 3x 2 sin3 3x = 0;
4.
) 2 tg x cos x + 1 = 2 cos x + tg x.
: 9. ) sin x + cos2 x = 1
--- ; ) 3 cos x = 2 sin2 x;
4
1. a) sin x = 1
--- ; ) sin 2x + --- = 1; ) 6 cos2 x + 13 sin x = 12;
2 4
) 3 cos2 x 4 cos x sin2 x 2 = 0;
) 2 sin x cos x 3 sin 2x = 0;
) cos4 x x
--- + sin2 --- = 1;
) sin x x 1
--- cos --- cos --- sin --- = --- ; 5 5
2 3 2 3 4
2 cos x 1
) sin x = 1. - sin2 x = sin2 x.
) sin x -----------------------------
2 cos x 1
2. a) cos x = 0; ) cos 3x --- = 1; 10. a) tg2 x 4 tg x + 3 = 0; ) 2 tg x 2 ctg x = 3;
6
3 1
- = 4 tg x;
) -------------- - = ctg x + 3.
) --------------
) sin4 x x 1
--- cos4 --- = --- ; cos x 2 sin x 2
2 2 2
11. a) 2 cos x (cos x 8 tg x) = 5;
) cos --- cos x sin --- sin x = --- ; ) cos x2 = 1.
6 6 4
) cos --- sin --- (sec x + tg x) = sin --- cos x;
4 6 4
3. 2 cos ---- -sin x 13 + ------2- = 3.
6 2 ) log2 (3 sin x) log2 cos x log2 (1 tg x) log2 (1 + tg x) = 1.
74 75
12. a) sin4 2x + cos4 2x = sin 2x cos 2x; 18. a) sin2 x + 3 sin x cos x + 2 cos2 x = 0;
) sin4 x + cos4 x 2 sin 2x + 3 ) 2 cos2 x + 3 sin 2x 8 sin2 x = 0;
--- sin2 2x = 0;
4 ) 3 sin2 x + 5 cos2 x 2 cos 2x 4 sin 2x = 0;
) sin4 x+ cos4 x + sin 2x + a = 0; ) 2 sin2 x 5 sin x cos x 8 cos2 x = 2;
1 3 1
) ------------------------------
- + -------------------------- 4 = 0; - = 4 sin x + 6 cos x.
) ------------
sin 2 xcos 2 x sin x cos x cos x
) tg 5x + 2 sin 10x = 5 sin 5x.
19. a) sin3 x + 4 cos3 x = 0;
13. a) cos 2x 3 sin x + 2 = 0; ) sin2 x (1 + tg x) = 3 sin x (cos x sin x) + 3;
) cos (10 x +12) + 4 2 sin (5x + 6) = 4; ) sin4 x + sin3 x cos x + sin2 x cos2 x + sin x cos3 x +
) 6 sin2 x + 2 sin2 2x = 5; ) a sin2x + cos x = 0. + cos4 x = 1;
) (8a2 + 1) sin3 x (4a2 + 1) sin x + 2a cos3 x = 0.
14. :
20. :
) f(x) = e3 4x 2 12x + 9 4 sin2 x
--- ; ) y = 3 cos 2 x 5 sin 2x + 4 cos 2;
2
) y = 8 sin 2x + 6 cos2 x + 17x + 1;
) f(x) = sin2 3x + 3 x 2 4x + 4 + cos 1;
) y = cos3 x 3 cos x + 3x
------- 3 sin 3;
) f(x) = 2x 0,25 sin 4x + 0,5 sin 2x; 8
1
) f(x) = log2 3 + x(1 10 ) + ( 2 2 5 + cos x)sin x; ) y = 8 (cos 2 cos x) sin x ------------
-;
sin x
) y = 9 ctg x ctg3 x + tg 2.
1
) f(x) = (2 2 1)(1 + cos x) ------2- sin 2x + ------
- 2 x.
4 2
:
:
15. a) cos3 x + cos2 x 4 cos2 x
--- = 0;
21. a) ------3- cos x + 1 3
--- sin x = ------- ; ) 3 sin x + cos x = 2;
2 2 2 2
) 4 cos x (2 3 sin2 x) = (1 + cos 2x); ) sin 5x = 3 (1 + cos 5x); ) cos x + sin x = 1;
1
- 3 ctg --- x = 3;
) tg3 x 1 + --------------- ) sin x + cos x ctg x
--- = 3 ;
cos 2 x 2 2
) 8 cos4 x 8 cos2 x cos x + 1 = 0. 22. a) sin |x| tg 5x = cos x; ) cos x sin x = a;
16. a) sin x = 5 cos x; ) sin x cos x = 0; ) (sin 2x + 3 cos 2x)2 5 = cos --- 2x ;
6
) sin x + cos x = 0; ) |sin x| = sin x + 2 cos x;
) cos 6x + tg2 x + cos 6x tg2 x = 1.
) cos2 x 4 sin x cos x = 0.
tg 2x + tg x tg 3x tg 2x
23. a) -------------------------------------
- = 1; ) -----------------------------------------
- = 1;
17. a) sin x + sin 2x = cos x + 2 cos2 x; 1 tg 2x tg x 1 + tg 3x tg 2x
) sin 2x sin2 x = 2 sin x 4 cos x; ) 2 tg 3x 3 tg 2x = 2x tg 3x; tg2
) ctg x + ctg 15 + ctg (x + 25) = ctg 15 ctg x ctg (x + 25).
) tg x + sin ( + x) = 2 sin2 x
--- ;
2
24. a) sin x + tg x
--- = 0; ) 1 + cos x + tg x
--- = 0;
) (1 + sin 2x)(cos x sin x) = cos x + sin x; 2 2
) 3 (cos x sin x) = 1 + cos 2x sin 2x. ) tg 2x + ctg x = 4 sin 2x;
76 77
12. a) sin4 2x + cos4 2x = sin 2x cos 2x; 18. a) sin2 x + 3 sin x cos x + 2 cos2 x = 0;
) sin4 x + cos4 x 2 sin 2x + 3 ) 2 cos2 x + 3 sin 2x 8 sin2 x = 0;
--- sin2 2x = 0;
4 ) 3 sin2 x + 5 cos2 x 2 cos 2x 4 sin 2x = 0;
) sin4 x+ cos4 x + sin 2x + a = 0; ) 2 sin2 x 5 sin x cos x 8 cos2 x = 2;
1 3 1
) ------------------------------
- + -------------------------- 4 = 0; - = 4 sin x + 6 cos x.
) ------------
sin 2 xcos 2 x sin x cos x cos x
) tg 5x + 2 sin 10x = 5 sin 5x.
19. a) sin3 x + 4 cos3 x = 0;
13. a) cos 2x 3 sin x + 2 = 0; ) sin2 x (1 + tg x) = 3 sin x (cos x sin x) + 3;
) cos (10 x +12) + 4 2 sin (5x + 6) = 4; ) sin4 x + sin3 x cos x + sin2 x cos2 x + sin x cos3 x +
) 6 sin2 x + 2 sin2 2x = 5; ) a sin2x + cos x = 0. + cos4 x = 1;
) (8a2 + 1) sin3 x (4a2 + 1) sin x + 2a cos3 x = 0.
14. :
20. :
) f(x) = e3 4x 2 12x + 9 4 sin2 x
--- ; ) y = 3 cos 2 x 5 sin 2x + 4 cos 2;
2
) y = 8 sin 2x + 6 cos2 x + 17x + 1;
) f(x) = sin2 3x + 3 x 2 4x + 4 + cos 1;
) y = cos3 x 3 cos x + 3x
------- 3 sin 3;
) f(x) = 2x 0,25 sin 4x + 0,5 sin 2x; 8
1
) f(x) = log2 3 + x(1 10 ) + ( 2 2 5 + cos x)sin x; ) y = 8 (cos 2 cos x) sin x ------------
-;
sin x
) y = 9 ctg x ctg3 x + tg 2.
1
) f(x) = (2 2 1)(1 + cos x) ------2- sin 2x + ------
- 2 x.
4 2
:
:
15. a) cos3 x + cos2 x 4 cos2 x
--- = 0;
21. a) ------3- cos x + 1 3
--- sin x = ------- ; ) 3 sin x + cos x = 2;
2 2 2 2
) 4 cos x (2 3 sin2 x) = (1 + cos 2x); ) sin 5x = 3 (1 + cos 5x); ) cos x + sin x = 1;
1
- 3 ctg --- x = 3;
) tg3 x 1 + --------------- ) sin x + cos x ctg x
--- = 3 ;
cos 2 x 2 2
) 8 cos4 x 8 cos2 x cos x + 1 = 0. 22. a) sin |x| tg 5x = cos x; ) cos x sin x = a;
16. a) sin x = 5 cos x; ) sin x cos x = 0; ) (sin 2x + 3 cos 2x)2 5 = cos --- 2x ;
6
) sin x + cos x = 0; ) |sin x| = sin x + 2 cos x;
) cos 6x + tg2 x + cos 6x tg2 x = 1.
) cos2 x 4 sin x cos x = 0.
tg 2x + tg x tg 3x tg 2x
23. a) -------------------------------------
- = 1; ) -----------------------------------------
- = 1;
17. a) sin x + sin 2x = cos x + 2 cos2 x; 1 tg 2x tg x 1 + tg 3x tg 2x
) sin 2x sin2 x = 2 sin x 4 cos x; ) 2 tg 3x 3 tg 2x = 2x tg 3x; tg2
) ctg x + ctg 15 + ctg (x + 25) = ctg 15 ctg x ctg (x + 25).
) tg x + sin ( + x) = 2 sin2 x
--- ;
2
24. a) sin x + tg x
--- = 0; ) 1 + cos x + tg x
--- = 0;
) (1 + sin 2x)(cos x sin x) = cos x + sin x; 2 2
) 3 (cos x sin x) = 1 + cos 2x sin 2x. ) tg 2x + ctg x = 4 sin 2x;
76 77
) 15 ctg x 53 x
--- + 130 sin x = ------ tg --- ;
2 5 2 35. a) sin x --- sin x + 2
------- = cos x + --- ;
6 3 4
x x
) 59
------ cos x + 6 sin x tg --- = 4 tg x ctg --- ; ) 1 + sin 2x = (sin 3x cos 3x)2;
4 2 2
) cos 5x + cos 7x = cos ( + 6x);
) 2 sin2 -x --- = 2 sin2 x tg x. ) cos x cos 3x = 2 3 sin2 x;
4 4
25. 36. a) sin x + sin 3x + 4 cos3x = 0;
) cos x cos 2x = sin 3x;
1 tg 2 x 2 tg x
1 + cos 2x + sin 2x = 0 1 + ----------------------
- + ----------------------
- = 0? ) sin x + 2 sin 2x = sin 3x;
2 1 + tg x 1 + tg x
2
sin x + sin 2x
) ------------------------------------
- = 1.
: sin 3x
26. ) cos 3x = 2 cos x; ) cos 9x 2 cos 6x = 2; 37. a) 2 sin 10x + sin 2x = cos 2x;
) cos 4x = cos2 3x. ) ctg x sin 2x cos 2x = 1;
27. ) 3 sin x
--- = sin x; ) sin 6x + 2 = 2 cos 4x; ) tg 2x cos 3x + sin 3x + 2 sin 5x = 0;
3
3x x ) 2 sin x + --- + 2 cos x
--- + --- =
- + 3 sin x = 3 sin --- ;
) sin ------ 3 2 4
2 2
) sin --- + 3x 3 x
------- = 2 sin ------- + --- . = 3 sin x
--- + --- + 3 cos x
--- + --- .
4 2 4 2 4 8 4 8
28. 3 cos x + 3 sin x + sin 3x cos 3x = 0. 38. a) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + sin 4x = 0;
x ) cos 9x cos 7x + cos 3x cos x = 0;
29. a) sin x + sin 3x
------- = a sin --- ; ) cos 5x sin 5x = sin 7x cos 7x;
2 2
) a2 sin2 3x = sin2 x, a > 0. ) sin 7x + cos2 2x = sin2 2x + sin x;
30. a cos x + b sin x = c, a2 + b2 0. ) cos 2x sin 3x cos 8x = sin 10x cos 5x.
31. ) 2 cos x + 3 sin x = 2; ) sin x + cos x = a2; 39. a) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 1 + cos x + cos 2x;
) sin 2x + 3 cos 2x = a; ) 5 sin x + 6 sin 2x + 5 sin 3x + sin 4x = 0;
) 2 cos2 6x 9 sin2 6x + 4 sin 6x cos 6x = a + 5. ) cosec x cosec 2x = cosec 4x;
) sin a + sin (x a) + sin (2x + a) = sin (x + a) + sin (2x a).
32. p p cos x 2 sin x = 2 +
40.
+ 2 p ?
33. f(x) = 1 1 1 1
--- sin 2x + --- sin 4x + --- sin 6x + --- sin 8.
2 4 6 8
f(x) = sin 3x + 4
--- cos 3x ax. :
3
41. a) tg 3x tg x = 0; ) tg x + tg 2x tg 3x = 0.
: 42. ) cos 3x cos 6x = cos 4x cos 7x;
) sin 2x sin 6x = cos x cos 3x;
34. a) sin x + sin x + --- = 0; ) sin 4x sin 2x = 0;
4 ) cos 3x sin 7x = cos 2x sin 8x;
) sin 5x cos 3x = sin 6x cos 2x;
) sin2 x cos2 x = cos x
--- ; ) cos 2x cos 6x = 0;
2
) sin x + --- sin x ------
=1
--- .
) cos (3x 4) = sin ( x); e) sin x2 = sin (x2 + 2x). 4 12 2
78 79
) 15 ctg x 53 x
--- + 130 sin x = ------ tg --- ;
2 5 2 35. a) sin x --- sin x + 2
------- = cos x + --- ;
6 3 4
x x
) 59
------ cos x + 6 sin x tg --- = 4 tg x ctg --- ; ) 1 + sin 2x = (sin 3x cos 3x)2;
4 2 2
) cos 5x + cos 7x = cos ( + 6x);
) 2 sin2 -x --- = 2 sin2 x tg x. ) cos x cos 3x = 2 3 sin2 x;
4 4
25. 36. a) sin x + sin 3x + 4 cos3x = 0;
) cos x cos 2x = sin 3x;
1 tg 2 x 2 tg x
1 + cos 2x + sin 2x = 0 1 + ----------------------
- + ----------------------
- = 0? ) sin x + 2 sin 2x = sin 3x;
2 1 + tg x 1 + tg x
2
sin x + sin 2x
) ------------------------------------
- = 1.
: sin 3x
26. ) cos 3x = 2 cos x; ) cos 9x 2 cos 6x = 2; 37. a) 2 sin 10x + sin 2x = cos 2x;
) cos 4x = cos2 3x. ) ctg x sin 2x cos 2x = 1;
27. ) 3 sin x
--- = sin x; ) sin 6x + 2 = 2 cos 4x; ) tg 2x cos 3x + sin 3x + 2 sin 5x = 0;
3
3x x ) 2 sin x + --- + 2 cos x
--- + --- =
- + 3 sin x = 3 sin --- ;
) sin ------ 3 2 4
2 2
) sin --- + 3x 3 x
------- = 2 sin ------- + --- . = 3 sin x
--- + --- + 3 cos x
--- + --- .
4 2 4 2 4 8 4 8
28. 3 cos x + 3 sin x + sin 3x cos 3x = 0. 38. a) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + sin 4x = 0;
x ) cos 9x cos 7x + cos 3x cos x = 0;
29. a) sin x + sin 3x
------- = a sin --- ; ) cos 5x sin 5x = sin 7x cos 7x;
2 2
) a2 sin2 3x = sin2 x, a > 0. ) sin 7x + cos2 2x = sin2 2x + sin x;
30. a cos x + b sin x = c, a2 + b2 0. ) cos 2x sin 3x cos 8x = sin 10x cos 5x.
31. ) 2 cos x + 3 sin x = 2; ) sin x + cos x = a2; 39. a) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 1 + cos x + cos 2x;
) sin 2x + 3 cos 2x = a; ) 5 sin x + 6 sin 2x + 5 sin 3x + sin 4x = 0;
) 2 cos2 6x 9 sin2 6x + 4 sin 6x cos 6x = a + 5. ) cosec x cosec 2x = cosec 4x;
) sin a + sin (x a) + sin (2x + a) = sin (x + a) + sin (2x a).
32. p p cos x 2 sin x = 2 +
40.
+ 2 p ?
33. f(x) = 1 1 1 1
--- sin 2x + --- sin 4x + --- sin 6x + --- sin 8.
2 4 6 8
f(x) = sin 3x + 4
--- cos 3x ax. :
3
41. a) tg 3x tg x = 0; ) tg x + tg 2x tg 3x = 0.
: 42. ) cos 3x cos 6x = cos 4x cos 7x;
) sin 2x sin 6x = cos x cos 3x;
34. a) sin x + sin x + --- = 0; ) sin 4x sin 2x = 0;
4 ) cos 3x sin 7x = cos 2x sin 8x;
) sin 5x cos 3x = sin 6x cos 2x;
) sin2 x cos2 x = cos x
--- ; ) cos 2x cos 6x = 0;
2
) sin x + --- sin x ------
=1
--- .
) cos (3x 4) = sin ( x); e) sin x2 = sin (x2 + 2x). 4 12 2
78 79
43. ) sin2 x + sin2 2x = sin2 3x; ) sin x + sin2 x + cos3 x = 0;
) cos2 x + cos2 2x + cos2 3x + cos2 4x = 2; x x
) sin ------- + cos ------- = 2 sin x.
2 2
) sin 7x + sin 9x = 2 cos2 --- x cos2 --- + 2x ;
4 4
1
51. a) a sin x + tg x+ 1 = ------------
-;
9 cos x
) sin2 2x + sin2 x = ------ .
16
) sin 2x 2 2b (sin x cos x) + 1 4b = 0;
x
44. ) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 1
--- ctg --- ;
2 2 ) sin3 x + cos3 x + a sin x + --- = 0.
4
) cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x = 0,5.
45. a) sin3 x cos 3x + cos3 x sin 3x + 0,375 = 0; 52.
) cos3 x cos 3x + sin3 x sin 3x = ------2- . f(x) = 8x 8(sin x cos x) cos 2x + 1.
4
:
46. a) sin x sin --- x sin --- + x = 1
--- ; 4 11
3 3 8 53. ) sin2 x + 2 tg2 x + ------
- tg x sin x + ------ = 0;
3 12
) 8 cos x cos --- x cos --- + x + 1 = 0; ) 8 cos x + 6 sin x cos 2x 7 = 0;
3 3
) sin4 x + sin4 x
--- + --- + cos4 x = 0,5 sin2 2x.
) tg x tg x + --- tg x + 2
------- = 3. 2 8
3 3
47. a) sin 3x = 4 sin x cos 2x; ) sin 3x cos x = 1,5 tg x; 54. a) cos x x
--- 2 sin x sin x + 1 + sin --- 2 cos x cos x = 0;
4 4
5
) tg x ctg 3x = 4; ) 6 tg x + --------------
- = tg 2x; ) 3 sin 3x = cos 4x sin 9x cos 10x.
tg 3x
) sin x cos x sin 3x cos 3x sin2 x = 6 ctg x.
55. a) tg x + 1
--- ctg x =
1
--------------- 1 1;
9 cos 2 x
48. a) 2 sin 3x sin x + (3 2 1) cos 2x = 3;
) 2 cos 4x + 5 cos 2x 1 = 2 sin2 x; ) sin x + 3 cos x = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x .
) 2 + cos 4x = 5 cos 2x + 8 sin6 x;
3
) tg2x + cos 4x = 0; ) tg x + ctg x cos 4x = 3. 56. a) 2 cos 2x + 2 = ----------------------------------
-;
1 + 4 cos 2x
49. a) sin4 x 2 cos2 x + a2 = 0;
) cos4 x sin2 x cos2 x 3 sin4 x = 2 cos 2x 2a cos 4x; ) sin x = a cos x .
) cos6 x sin6 x = a
--- cos 2x. 4
8 57. a) sin x + 2 cos x = 0; ) sin x + cos x = 0;
50. a) sin 2x 12 (sin x cos x) +12 = 0;
) 2 cos x = 2 + 2sin 2x ;
1 1 5
- + -------------------------------- = 4 sin x + ------- ;
) ------------
sin x
sin x -------
3 4 ) cos 2 x cos 2 3x = sin 2x;
2
) sin x + 3 cos x = 0,5 + cos --- x ;
) 1 + tg x = 2 2 sin x; 6
) sin x + --- = ------
1
- (1 sin x cos x); ) 1 a sin x 1 + 2a sin x
--------------------------- -------------------------------- = 1.
4 2 1 + a sin x 1 2a sin x
80 81
43. ) sin2 x + sin2 2x = sin2 3x; ) sin x + sin2 x + cos3 x = 0;
) cos2 x + cos2 2x + cos2 3x + cos2 4x = 2; x x
) sin ------- + cos ------- = 2 sin x.
2 2
) sin 7x + sin 9x = 2 cos2 --- x cos2 --- + 2x ;
4 4
1
51. a) a sin x + tg x+ 1 = ------------
-;
9 cos x
) sin2 2x + sin2 x = ------ .
16
) sin 2x 2 2b (sin x cos x) + 1 4b = 0;
x
44. ) sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 1
--- ctg --- ;
2 2 ) sin3 x + cos3 x + a sin x + --- = 0.
4
) cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x = 0,5.
45. a) sin3 x cos 3x + cos3 x sin 3x + 0,375 = 0; 52.
) cos3 x cos 3x + sin3 x sin 3x = ------2- . f(x) = 8x 8(sin x cos x) cos 2x + 1.
4
:
46. a) sin x sin --- x sin --- + x = 1
--- ; 4 11
3 3 8 53. ) sin2 x + 2 tg2 x + ------
- tg x sin x + ------ = 0;
3 12
) 8 cos x cos --- x cos --- + x + 1 = 0; ) 8 cos x + 6 sin x cos 2x 7 = 0;
3 3
) sin4 x + sin4 x
--- + --- + cos4 x = 0,5 sin2 2x.
) tg x tg x + --- tg x + 2
------- = 3. 2 8
3 3
47. a) sin 3x = 4 sin x cos 2x; ) sin 3x cos x = 1,5 tg x; 54. a) cos x x
--- 2 sin x sin x + 1 + sin --- 2 cos x cos x = 0;
4 4
5
) tg x ctg 3x = 4; ) 6 tg x + --------------
- = tg 2x; ) 3 sin 3x = cos 4x sin 9x cos 10x.
tg 3x
) sin x cos x sin 3x cos 3x sin2 x = 6 ctg x.
55. a) tg x + 1
--- ctg x =
1
--------------- 1 1;
9 cos 2 x
48. a) 2 sin 3x sin x + (3 2 1) cos 2x = 3;
) 2 cos 4x + 5 cos 2x 1 = 2 sin2 x; ) sin x + 3 cos x = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x .
) 2 + cos 4x = 5 cos 2x + 8 sin6 x;
3
) tg2x + cos 4x = 0; ) tg x + ctg x cos 4x = 3. 56. a) 2 cos 2x + 2 = ----------------------------------
-;
1 + 4 cos 2x
49. a) sin4 x 2 cos2 x + a2 = 0;
) cos4 x sin2 x cos2 x 3 sin4 x = 2 cos 2x 2a cos 4x; ) sin x = a cos x .
) cos6 x sin6 x = a
--- cos 2x. 4
8 57. a) sin x + 2 cos x = 0; ) sin x + cos x = 0;
50. a) sin 2x 12 (sin x cos x) +12 = 0;
) 2 cos x = 2 + 2sin 2x ;
1 1 5
- + -------------------------------- = 4 sin x + ------- ;
) ------------
sin x
sin x -------
3 4 ) cos 2 x cos 2 3x = sin 2x;
2
) sin x + 3 cos x = 0,5 + cos --- x ;
) 1 + tg x = 2 2 sin x; 6
) sin x + --- = ------
1
- (1 sin x cos x); ) 1 a sin x 1 + 2a sin x
--------------------------- -------------------------------- = 1.
4 2 1 + a sin x 1 2a sin x
80 81
2
58. ) 1 + 4 sin x cos x = cos x sin x; 66. a) 2 2 sin x sin x --- 3 cos x --- + 1 = 0;
4 4
) cos 2x sin 4x = sin x cos x; 2
) 4 2 sin x cos x --- + 3 =
1 + tg x 4
) -------------------- = sin x + cos x;
1 tg x = 2 (1 + 3 ) sin x --- ;
4
) 4 sin 3x + 3 = 2 sin 3x + 2 ; 2
) 2 sin x 3 sin x + --- + cos x + --- = 2;
6 6
) 13 18 tg x = 6 tg x 3; 2
) 2 2 sin x ------ cos x --- + 1 = 3 sin x --- .
12
= 2 sin 3x + --- .
3 3
) 1 + 8 sin 2x cos 2 2x
4 67. a) 2 cos 4x + 7 (cos x + sin x)2 + 2 = 0;
3 tg x ) cos 6x 12 cos3 x = 4 9 cos x;
59. a) 2 3 sin x = ------------------------------- 3;
2 sin x 1 ) 3 cos 4x = 14 (sin x cos x)2 3;
) 48 sin x cos 6x = 5 + 64 sin3 x.
) 3cos x + sin x 2 + ctg 3x + sin 2 x 1 3x 1
--- = sin ------- + ------- .
4 2 2 68. a) cos x + cos x 2x 2x 4x
--- = cos ------- + 1; ) sin 2x sin ------- = cos ------- ;
3 3 3 3
60. cos x 1
--- + cos x + 1
--- = a, a R. ) cos x 1 = cos 2x cos 3x; ) sin --- + 1 = sin --- + cos x
x x
--- .
2 3 2 6 3
61. ) log5 tg x = (log5 4) log4 (3 sin x); 69. a) sin x = cos4 x x
--- sin4 --- ; ) 3 sin 2x + sin2 x = cos2 x;
2 2
sin x ) sin4 x + 1 = cos4 x; ) 3 tg x + 2 cos 2x = 2.
) log9 sin 2x = log3 ------------- .
5 70. a) |sin x| = 2 cos x; ) |cos x| = 3 sin x;
2x ) sin 3x = tg |x| cos 3x.
62. a) 2cos 2x = 3 2 cos 4; ) ctg 2x = tg 2x + 2 tg 2x + 1;
:
) x3 sin 2x + 2 = x.
x y = 6,5,
71. )
63. a) sin 2x = cos 3x; ) sin 3x + cos x = 0; 3 cos2 x 12 cos y = 4;
) cos 5x = sin 3x; ) cos 3x + sin 4x = 0. x + y = 2
------- , cos x + cos y = a,
3
64. a) cos 3x + cos 5x = cos 4x; ) sin 3x + sin 6x + sin 9x = 0; ) sin x
------------- = 2;
) x + y = --- .
4
) sin x + cos 9x = sin 4x; ) cos 4x sin 3x = cos 2x. sin y
sin 3x cos 2y = 2a cos 3x sin 2y,
65. a) sin 2x + 3 sin x --- = 2; 72. a)
cos (x y) = 0,5;
4
) 6 sin 2x 5 2 sin x --- = 7; sin x sin y = ------3- ,
4 4 tg x + tg y = 2,
) ) cos x cos y = 0,5;
cos x cos y = ------3- ;
) sin 2x + 3 sin x + --- + 2 = 0; 4
4
sin x cos y = 1
--- ,
) sin 2x + 4 cos x + --- + 5 = 0. ) 4
4 3 tg x = tg y.
82 83
2
58. ) 1 + 4 sin x cos x = cos x sin x; 66. a) 2 2 sin x sin x --- 3 cos x --- + 1 = 0;
4 4
) cos 2x sin 4x = sin x cos x; 2
) 4 2 sin x cos x --- + 3 =
1 + tg x 4
) -------------------- = sin x + cos x;
1 tg x = 2 (1 + 3 ) sin x --- ;
4
) 4 sin 3x + 3 = 2 sin 3x + 2 ; 2
) 2 sin x 3 sin x + --- + cos x + --- = 2;
6 6
) 13 18 tg x = 6 tg x 3; 2
) 2 2 sin x ------ cos x --- + 1 = 3 sin x --- .
12
= 2 sin 3x + --- .
3 3
) 1 + 8 sin 2x cos 2 2x
4 67. a) 2 cos 4x + 7 (cos x + sin x)2 + 2 = 0;
3 tg x ) cos 6x 12 cos3 x = 4 9 cos x;
59. a) 2 3 sin x = ------------------------------- 3;
2 sin x 1 ) 3 cos 4x = 14 (sin x cos x)2 3;
) 48 sin x cos 6x = 5 + 64 sin3 x.
) 3cos x + sin x 2 + ctg 3x + sin 2 x 1 3x 1
--- = sin ------- + ------- .
4 2 2 68. a) cos x + cos x 2x 2x 4x
--- = cos ------- + 1; ) sin 2x sin ------- = cos ------- ;
3 3 3 3
60. cos x 1
--- + cos x + 1
--- = a, a R. ) cos x 1 = cos 2x cos 3x; ) sin --- + 1 = sin --- + cos x
x x
--- .
2 3 2 6 3
61. ) log5 tg x = (log5 4) log4 (3 sin x); 69. a) sin x = cos4 x x
--- sin4 --- ; ) 3 sin 2x + sin2 x = cos2 x;
2 2
sin x ) sin4 x + 1 = cos4 x; ) 3 tg x + 2 cos 2x = 2.
) log9 sin 2x = log3 ------------- .
5 70. a) |sin x| = 2 cos x; ) |cos x| = 3 sin x;
2x ) sin 3x = tg |x| cos 3x.
62. a) 2cos 2x = 3 2 cos 4; ) ctg 2x = tg 2x + 2 tg 2x + 1;
:
) x3 sin 2x + 2 = x.
x y = 6,5,
71. )
63. a) sin 2x = cos 3x; ) sin 3x + cos x = 0; 3 cos2 x 12 cos y = 4;
) cos 5x = sin 3x; ) cos 3x + sin 4x = 0. x + y = 2
------- , cos x + cos y = a,
3
64. a) cos 3x + cos 5x = cos 4x; ) sin 3x + sin 6x + sin 9x = 0; ) sin x
------------- = 2;
) x + y = --- .
4
) sin x + cos 9x = sin 4x; ) cos 4x sin 3x = cos 2x. sin y
sin 3x cos 2y = 2a cos 3x sin 2y,
65. a) sin 2x + 3 sin x --- = 2; 72. a)
cos (x y) = 0,5;
4
) 6 sin 2x 5 2 sin x --- = 7; sin x sin y = ------3- ,
4 4 tg x + tg y = 2,
) ) cos x cos y = 0,5;
cos x cos y = ------3- ;
) sin 2x + 3 sin x + --- + 2 = 0; 4
4
sin x cos y = 1
--- ,
) sin 2x + 4 cos x + --- + 5 = 0. ) 4
4 3 tg x = tg y.
82 83
tg x 2 sin y = 2; 5. a) |sin x| > 1 1
--- ; ) |cos x| < --- ; ) |tg x| m 1;
73. a) 2 2
5 tg x + 2 sin y = 4;
4 sin y 6 2 cos x = 5 + 4 cos2 y, ) |ctg x| < 3.
)
cos 2x = 0; 6. a) 1 1
--- m sin x < --- ; ) 1 1
--- < cos x m --- ;
3 2 2 4
1 a+3
------------- cos y = ------------- , 1
------------- tg y = 2a + 2, ) 2 < tg x < 3; ) 4 < ctg x m 1,5.
sin x 3 cos x
) ) 7. 2 sin2 x + 3 sin x 3 > 0.
sin x cos y = a
--- ; tg y + (a2 + 2a) cos x = 0.
3 8. cos 2x + 5 cos x + 3 l 0.
9. tg2 x + (2 3 ) tg x 2 3 < 0.
sin x sin y = 1
--- , cos (x + y) = 1
--- , 10. ctg2 x + ctg x l 0.
4 2
74. ) ) 11. 2( 2 1) sin x 2 cos 2x + 2 2 < 0.
cos x cos y = 3
--- ; cos (x y) = ------2- ;
cos x + sin x --- > 0.
4 2 12.
4
cos x cos y = 1
--- , sin x cos y = cos x, 13. cos3 x sin 3x + cos 3x sin3 x < 3
--- .
) 4 ) 8
tg x tg y = 3; sin x + cos y = sin2 x.
14. cos x cos 2x cos 3x m 0. 15. sin4 x x 1
--- + cos4 --- > --- .
3 3 2
16. sin6 x+ cos6 x> 5
--- . 17. 8 sin6 x cos6 x > 0.
8
5.
18. tg x tg 3x < 1. 19. 3 sin 2x 1 > sin x + cos x.
: 20. sin 2x > 2 sin2 x + (2 2 ) cos2 x, 0 < x < 2.
21. |sin x| > cos2 x. 22. 5 2 sin x l 6 sin x 1.
1. a) sin 2x > 0; ) sin x
--- < 0; ) sin x + --- m 1
--- ;
2 4 2 23. 1 cos x < tg x sin x.
1 24. 9 1 + sin
2 x
+ 30 9 cos
2 x
m 117.
) sin (2x 1) > ------
-; ) sin x m 1.
2
:
2. a) cos x
--- > 0; ) cos 4x < 0; ) cos x --- l 1
--- ;
3 6 2 25. y = sin x . 26. y = cos x 2 .
2x
) cos x 1 2
--- + --- < ------- ; ) cos x l 1. 27. y = arcsin ------------
-. 28. y = arccos (2 sin x).
2 4 2 1+x
29. y = ctg x + arccos 2x.
3. a) tg 2x > 0; ) tg x
--- < 0; 30. , y = sin2 x
4
x ; --- .
) tg x + --- l 1; ) tg (3x 2) < 3 . 2
3
31. , y = cos3 x
4. ) ctg x < 0; ) ctg x --- l 1; ) ctg 2x + --- < 2. x --- ; 3
------- .
4 3 2 4
84 85
tg x 2 sin y = 2; 5. a) |sin x| > 1 1
--- ; ) |cos x| < --- ; ) |tg x| m 1;
73. a) 2 2
5 tg x + 2 sin y = 4;
4 sin y 6 2 cos x = 5 + 4 cos2 y, ) |ctg x| < 3.
)
cos 2x = 0; 6. a) 1 1
--- m sin x < --- ; ) 1 1
--- < cos x m --- ;
3 2 2 4
1 a+3
------------- cos y = ------------- , 1
------------- tg y = 2a + 2, ) 2 < tg x < 3; ) 4 < ctg x m 1,5.
sin x 3 cos x
) ) 7. 2 sin2 x + 3 sin x 3 > 0.
sin x cos y = a
--- ; tg y + (a2 + 2a) cos x = 0.
3 8. cos 2x + 5 cos x + 3 l 0.
9. tg2 x + (2 3 ) tg x 2 3 < 0.
sin x sin y = 1
--- , cos (x + y) = 1
--- , 10. ctg2 x + ctg x l 0.
4 2
74. ) ) 11. 2( 2 1) sin x 2 cos 2x + 2 2 < 0.
cos x cos y = 3
--- ; cos (x y) = ------2- ;
cos x + sin x --- > 0.
4 2 12.
4
cos x cos y = 1
--- , sin x cos y = cos x, 13. cos3 x sin 3x + cos 3x sin3 x < 3
--- .
) 4 ) 8
tg x tg y = 3; sin x + cos y = sin2 x.
14. cos x cos 2x cos 3x m 0. 15. sin4 x x 1
--- + cos4 --- > --- .
3 3 2
16. sin6 x+ cos6 x> 5
--- . 17. 8 sin6 x cos6 x > 0.
8
5.
18. tg x tg 3x < 1. 19. 3 sin 2x 1 > sin x + cos x.
: 20. sin 2x > 2 sin2 x + (2 2 ) cos2 x, 0 < x < 2.
21. |sin x| > cos2 x. 22. 5 2 sin x l 6 sin x 1.
1. a) sin 2x > 0; ) sin x
--- < 0; ) sin x + --- m 1
--- ;
2 4 2 23. 1 cos x < tg x sin x.
1 24. 9 1 + sin
2 x
+ 30 9 cos
2 x
m 117.
) sin (2x 1) > ------
-; ) sin x m 1.
2
:
2. a) cos x
--- > 0; ) cos 4x < 0; ) cos x --- l 1
--- ;
3 6 2 25. y = sin x . 26. y = cos x 2 .
2x
) cos x 1 2
--- + --- < ------- ; ) cos x l 1. 27. y = arcsin ------------
-. 28. y = arccos (2 sin x).
2 4 2 1+x
29. y = ctg x + arccos 2x.
3. a) tg 2x > 0; ) tg x
--- < 0; 30. , y = sin2 x
4
x ; --- .
) tg x + --- l 1; ) tg (3x 2) < 3 . 2
3
31. , y = cos3 x
4. ) ctg x < 0; ) ctg x --- l 1; ) ctg 2x + --- < 2. x --- ; 3
------- .
4 3 2 4
84 85
32.
tgx x
, 0 < x1 < x2 < --- , ------------2 > -----2- . a a IV
2 tgx 1 x1
: aa a a a
33. f(x) = 2 sin a cos x + 1 1
--- cos 3x + ------------------------ .
3
4a a
2 a
cos a 1
34. f(x) = 1 ------------
- sin 2x + --- sin ( + 4x) +
4 8
a3
+ x cos
----------------------- + 2a a 2 + 3 . 1.
2
a2
35. f(x) = 1
--- sin a tg3 x + (sin a 1) tg x + ----------------- . 1. A B.
3 8a 450 , 75% AB, -
- . ,
, 15 /,
B .
.
2. 14 , -
9 , 5 . -
, -
5 /.
3. A B
20 .
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-
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4. A B
20 /. 8 1
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3
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.
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. A B.
5. A
B, 10 A, A.
3 /, A B
2 30 , B A.
, A B aa 2 ?
6. A B 30 . A -
. 10 A -
86 87
32.
tgx x
, 0 < x1 < x2 < --- , ------------2 > -----2- . a a IV
2 tgx 1 x1
: aa a a a
33. f(x) = 2 sin a cos x + 1 1
--- cos 3x + ------------------------ .
3
4a a
2 a
cos a 1
34. f(x) = 1 ------------
- sin 2x + --- sin ( + 4x) +
4 8
a3
+ x cos
----------------------- + 2a a 2 + 3 . 1.
2
a2
35. f(x) = 1
--- sin a tg3 x + (sin a 1) tg x + ----------------- . 1. A B.
3 8a 450 , 75% AB, -
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, 15 /,
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.
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86 87
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98 99
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. .
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25% .
,
, .
20. - 1.
, 33% -
, - . f(x)
41% . -
(a; b) F(x) -
,
, . . F(x) = f(x) a < x < b,
, .
f(x) dx = F(x) + C, a < x < b,
C .
) d f(x) dx = f(x) dx;
) d (x) = (x) + C;
) A f(x) dx = A f(x) dx (A = const; A 0);
) [f(x) + (x)] dx = f(x) dx + (x) dx.
n+1
I. xn dx = x
-------------- + C (n 1).
n+1
dx
II. ------- = ln |x| + C
x
(x 0).
dx arctg x + C,
III. ---------------2- = arcctg x + C.
1+x
dx 1 +x
IV. ---------------- = --- ln 1
------------- + C.
1 x2 2 1x
dx arcsin x + C,
V. -------------------- =
1x 2 arccos x + C.
100 101
18. , 31% 65%
. -
V
, , 8 -
. .
19.
. , 67%, -
25% .
,
, .
20. - 1.
, 33% -
, - . f(x)
41% . -
(a; b) F(x) -
,
, . . F(x) = f(x) a < x < b,
, .
f(x) dx = F(x) + C, a < x < b,
C .
) d f(x) dx = f(x) dx;
) d (x) = (x) + C;
) A f(x) dx = A f(x) dx (A = const; A 0);
) [f(x) + (x)] dx = f(x) dx + (x) dx.
n+1
I. xn dx = x
-------------- + C (n 1).
n+1
dx
II. ------- = ln |x| + C
x
(x 0).
dx arctg x + C,
III. ---------------2- = arcctg x + C.
1+x
dx 1 +x
IV. ---------------- = --- ln 1
------------- + C.
1 x2 2 1x
dx arcsin x + C,
V. -------------------- =
1x 2 arccos x + C.
100 101
dx 1
VI. -------------------- = ln |x + x 2 1 | + C. xdx 1 d( 1 x2) 1
---
2
(1
x2 1 5. -------------------- = --- ------------------------- = --- 2
x ) d(1 x2) =
1 x2 2 1 x2 2
ax 1 1
a - + C (a > 0, a 1); ex dx = ex + C.
VII. x dx = --------- 1 --- ---
---
= [1 x2 = u] = 1 du = 1 --1- + = u + =
ln a 2 2
u
--- 2 --- u
2 2 1
---
2
VIII. sin x dx = cos x + C.
= 1 x 2 + .
IX. cos x dx = sin x + C.
sin x dx
dx
6. - =
--------------------- cos2 x d(cos x) = [cos x = u] = u2 du =
X. --------------- = tg x + C.
cos 2 x
cos 2 x
u 1
= ----------- 1 1
- + C = --- + C = ------------- + C.
dx 1 u cos x
XI. - = ctg x + C.
--------------
sin 2 x
x
d tg ---
dx dx dx 2
7. ------------- =
sin x -------------------------------- =
x
2sin --- cos ---
x --------------------------------- =
x
2tg ---cos 2 ---
x --------------------- =
tg ---
x
. u = (x) 2 2 2 2 2
,
= tg x
--- = u =
du x
------- = ln |u| + C = ln tg --- + C.
du = (x) dx. 2 u 2
. (x) dx
d(x) = du. . f(x) = f1(x) + f2(x),
.
f(x) dx = f1(x) dx + f2(x) dx.
x
e dx de x du
1. 1 + e 2x
- =
----------------- ----------------------2- = [ex = u] =
1 + (ex)
---------------2- = arctg u + C =
1+u . f(x) , ,
x = (t), (t)
= arctg ex + C.
(t),
xe
x2 dx = 1 e x d(x2) = [x2 = u] = 1 e du = 1
2 u
2. --- --- --- eu + C =
2 2 2
f(x) dx = f((t)) (t) dt.
=1
2
--- e x + C.
2
.
xdx 1 d ( x2 + 1 ) 1 du
3. - = ---
---------------
x2 + 1 2 - = [x2 + 1 = u] = ---
------------------------
x2 + 1 2 ------- =
u 1. 1 x 2 dx = [x = sin t, dx = cos t dt] = 1 sin 2 t cos t dt =
=1 1
--- ln |u| + C = --- ln (x2 + 1) + C.
2 2 = cos
2 t dt = 1
---
1
(1 + cos 2t) dt = --2- dt + --4- cos 2t d(2t) =
1
2
sin sin u
4. 2 x cos x dx = 2 x d(sin x) = [sin x = u] = 2 du = =1 1 1 1
--- t + --- sin 2t + C = --- (t + sin t cos t) + C = --- (arcsin x +
2 4 2 2
3
=u 1
------ + C = --- sin3 x + C.
3 3 + x 1 x 2 ) + C.
102 103
dx 1
VI. -------------------- = ln |x + x 2 1 | + C. xdx 1 d( 1 x2) 1
---
2
(1
x2 1 5. -------------------- = --- ------------------------- = --- 2
x ) d(1 x2) =
1 x2 2 1 x2 2
ax 1 1
a - + C (a > 0, a 1); ex dx = ex + C.
VII. x dx = --------- 1 --- ---
---
= [1 x2 = u] = 1 du = 1 --1- + = u + =
ln a 2 2
u
--- 2 --- u
2 2 1
---
2
VIII. sin x dx = cos x + C.
= 1 x 2 + .
IX. cos x dx = sin x + C.
sin x dx
dx
6. - =
--------------------- cos2 x d(cos x) = [cos x = u] = u2 du =
X. --------------- = tg x + C.
cos 2 x
cos 2 x
u 1
= ----------- 1 1
- + C = --- + C = ------------- + C.
dx 1 u cos x
XI. - = ctg x + C.
--------------
sin 2 x
x
d tg ---
dx dx dx 2
7. ------------- =
sin x -------------------------------- =
x
2sin --- cos ---
x --------------------------------- =
x
2tg ---cos 2 ---
x --------------------- =
tg ---
x
. u = (x) 2 2 2 2 2
,
= tg x
--- = u =
du x
------- = ln |u| + C = ln tg --- + C.
du = (x) dx. 2 u 2
. (x) dx
d(x) = du. . f(x) = f1(x) + f2(x),
.
f(x) dx = f1(x) dx + f2(x) dx.
x
e dx de x du
1. 1 + e 2x
- =
----------------- ----------------------2- = [ex = u] =
1 + (ex)
---------------2- = arctg u + C =
1+u . f(x) , ,
x = (t), (t)
= arctg ex + C.
(t),
xe
x2 dx = 1 e x d(x2) = [x2 = u] = 1 e du = 1
2 u
2. --- --- --- eu + C =
2 2 2
f(x) dx = f((t)) (t) dt.
=1
2
--- e x + C.
2
.
xdx 1 d ( x2 + 1 ) 1 du
3. - = ---
---------------
x2 + 1 2 - = [x2 + 1 = u] = ---
------------------------
x2 + 1 2 ------- =
u 1. 1 x 2 dx = [x = sin t, dx = cos t dt] = 1 sin 2 t cos t dt =
=1 1
--- ln |u| + C = --- ln (x2 + 1) + C.
2 2 = cos
2 t dt = 1
---
1
(1 + cos 2t) dt = --2- dt + --4- cos 2t d(2t) =
1
2
sin sin u
4. 2 x cos x dx = 2 x d(sin x) = [sin x = u] = 2 du = =1 1 1 1
--- t + --- sin 2t + C = --- (t + sin t cos t) + C = --- (arcsin x +
2 4 2 2
3
=u 1
------ + C = --- sin3 x + C.
3 3 + x 1 x 2 ) + C.
102 103
x 3 dx sin 3 t cos t dt :
2. -------------------- = [x = sin t, dx = cos t dt] =
1 x2
------------------------------------ =
1 sin 2 t 1. ) y = 2; ) y = 3x + 1; ) y = 4(2x 1).
sin 3 t cos t dt 2. ) y = x2; ) y = x2 4x 3; ) y = 18(3x + 2)2.
sin (1 cos
= ------------------------------------ = 3 t dt = 2 t) sin t dt =
cos t
3. ) y = x 3x3; ) y = 1
--- x + x5; ) y = x2 x4;
= (1 cos2 t) d(cos t) = d(cos t) + cos2 t d(cos t) = 2
3
) y = (3x 4)100; ) y = (1 5x)7.
---
1 1 1
= cos t + 1 1 2
--- cos3 t + C = 1 x 2 + --- (1 2
x ) + C. 4. ) y = -----
-; ) y = -----
- x; ) y = 4x + ------------------------
-;
3 3 x2 x3 ( 2x + 1 )
2
1 1
dx t 2 dt ) y = --------------------
- --------------------3- .
3. ------------------ = [x = t3, dx = 3t2 dt] = 3
1+3 x
------------ =
t+1 ( 1 x )3 (1 + x)
1 3 4
(t2 + t ) ( t + 1) + 1 d( t + 1) 5. a) y = ----------
-; ) y = x 1; ) y = x 3 + x;
=3 ---------------------------------------------------- dt = 3 t dt dt + --------------------- = 4 x
t+1 t+1
3 x2
) y = 7 x 5 x + 6 x; ) y = x + 2 ; ) y = 5 4x .
t2
= 3 ----
- t + ln |t + 1| + C = 3 ----------- 3 x + ln | 3 x + 1| + C.
2 2 6. ) y = --2- ; 1
) y = ------
-;
1
) y = ------------
-
3
) y = ----------------
-.
x 2x 1x 4x 1
. u v - 1 1 1
7. ) y = ------------
- ------------- ; ) y = ---------------------
-;
x, d(uv) = u dv + v du, x+1 x1 x(x + 1)
1 2x + 3
) y = -----------------------------
-; ) y = -------------------
-.
d(uv) = u dv + v du uv = u dv + v du x 2 + 5x + 4 2 x + 3x
1 2
8. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-;
u dv = uv v du. 1 + x2 2 x +4
4x 2 + 1 ( x + 1 )2
. ) y = ---------------------------
-; ) y = ------------------------
-.
x2( 1 + x2) x(1 + x ) 2
1. ln x dx = -u = ln x, dv = dx, v = x, du = dx
------- = 4
9. ) y = -------------------
-;
1
) y = -----------------------
-;
x
1 x2 1 4x 2
= x ln x x dx
------- = x ln x x + C. 1x +1 2
x ) y = -----------------------------
-.
1x 2
xe dx = x d(e ) = [u = x, dv = e
2. x x x dx, v = ex, du = dx] = 10. ) y = 2x; ) y = 3x; ) y = 2e4x + x; ) y = ex;
+ ex e x ex e x
= xex ex dx = xex ex + C. ) y = -------------------
2
-; e) y = -------------------
2
-.
dx 11. a) y = 2 sin x; ) y = 3 sin x
--- ; ) y = sin x --- ;
3. arcsin x dx = -u = arcsin x, dv = dx, v = x, du = --------------------
1 x2
= 2 3
x dx 1
1
---
2
) y = 5 sin 10x + --- .
8
= x arcsin x -------------------- = x arcsin x + ---
1 x2 2 (1 x2) d(1 x2) =
1 12. ) y = 4 cos (x); ) y = 2 cos x
--- ;
--- 5
= x arcsin x + 1 1
--- (1 x ) --- + C = x arcsin x + 2 2 1 x 2 + C.
2 1
--- ) y = cos x
--- + --- ; ) y = 2 cos (7x 1).
2 2 6
104 105
x 3 dx sin 3 t cos t dt :
2. -------------------- = [x = sin t, dx = cos t dt] =
1 x2
------------------------------------ =
1 sin 2 t 1. ) y = 2; ) y = 3x + 1; ) y = 4(2x 1).
sin 3 t cos t dt 2. ) y = x2; ) y = x2 4x 3; ) y = 18(3x + 2)2.
sin (1 cos
= ------------------------------------ = 3 t dt = 2 t) sin t dt =
cos t
3. ) y = x 3x3; ) y = 1
--- x + x5; ) y = x2 x4;
= (1 cos2 t) d(cos t) = d(cos t) + cos2 t d(cos t) = 2
3
) y = (3x 4)100; ) y = (1 5x)7.
---
1 1 1
= cos t + 1 1 2
--- cos3 t + C = 1 x 2 + --- (1 2
x ) + C. 4. ) y = -----
-; ) y = -----
- x; ) y = 4x + ------------------------
-;
3 3 x2 x3 ( 2x + 1 )
2
1 1
dx t 2 dt ) y = --------------------
- --------------------3- .
3. ------------------ = [x = t3, dx = 3t2 dt] = 3
1+3 x
------------ =
t+1 ( 1 x )3 (1 + x)
1 3 4
(t2 + t ) ( t + 1) + 1 d( t + 1) 5. a) y = ----------
-; ) y = x 1; ) y = x 3 + x;
=3 ---------------------------------------------------- dt = 3 t dt dt + --------------------- = 4 x
t+1 t+1
3 x2
) y = 7 x 5 x + 6 x; ) y = x + 2 ; ) y = 5 4x .
t2
= 3 ----
- t + ln |t + 1| + C = 3 ----------- 3 x + ln | 3 x + 1| + C.
2 2 6. ) y = --2- ; 1
) y = ------
-;
1
) y = ------------
-
3
) y = ----------------
-.
x 2x 1x 4x 1
. u v - 1 1 1
7. ) y = ------------
- ------------- ; ) y = ---------------------
-;
x, d(uv) = u dv + v du, x+1 x1 x(x + 1)
1 2x + 3
) y = -----------------------------
-; ) y = -------------------
-.
d(uv) = u dv + v du uv = u dv + v du x 2 + 5x + 4 2 x + 3x
1 2
8. ) y = ---------------
-; ) y = ---------------
-;
u dv = uv v du. 1 + x2 2 x +4
4x 2 + 1 ( x + 1 )2
. ) y = ---------------------------
-; ) y = ------------------------
-.
x2( 1 + x2) x(1 + x ) 2
1. ln x dx = -u = ln x, dv = dx, v = x, du = dx
------- = 4
9. ) y = -------------------
-;
1
) y = -----------------------
-;
x
1 x2 1 4x 2
= x ln x x dx
------- = x ln x x + C. 1x +1 2
x ) y = -----------------------------
-.
1x 2
xe dx = x d(e ) = [u = x, dv = e
2. x x x dx, v = ex, du = dx] = 10. ) y = 2x; ) y = 3x; ) y = 2e4x + x; ) y = ex;
+ ex e x ex e x
= xex ex dx = xex ex + C. ) y = -------------------
2
-; e) y = -------------------
2
-.
dx 11. a) y = 2 sin x; ) y = 3 sin x
--- ; ) y = sin x --- ;
3. arcsin x dx = -u = arcsin x, dv = dx, v = x, du = --------------------
1 x2
= 2 3
x dx 1
1
---
2
) y = 5 sin 10x + --- .
8
= x arcsin x -------------------- = x arcsin x + ---
1 x2 2 (1 x2) d(1 x2) =
1 12. ) y = 4 cos (x); ) y = 2 cos x
--- ;
--- 5
= x arcsin x + 1 1
--- (1 x ) --- + C = x arcsin x + 2 2 1 x 2 + C.
2 1
--- ) y = cos x
--- + --- ; ) y = 2 cos (7x 1).
2 2 6
104 105
13. ) y = sin2 x; ) y = 2 cos2 2x; [a; x], . . F(x) =
) y = 2 cos x cos 5x; ) y = 2 sin 4x sin 7x; x
) y = 2 sin 8x cos 3x; e) y = 2 sin x cos 11x. = f(u) du, -
3 2 a
14. ) y = ------------------
-; ) y = --------------
-;
2
cos 4x 2x . F(x) x (. . -
sin ---
2 ),
) y = tg2 x; ) y = ctg2 x. (F(x)) = f(x), . . F(x) f(x).
15. f(x), 1. :
x
M0(x0; y0), : 4
arcsin2 x dx; (sin t + 1 ) dt.
) F(x) = ) F(x) = 8 t+
) f(x) = 3x2 2, M(2; 4); ) f(x) = 1 + cos x + cos 2x, M(0; 1);
x 1
---
2. :
) f(x) = 3 cos x 2 sin x, M --- ; 1 ;
2
) f(x) = e , M(0; 3).
2 x
) f(x) = [t(t + 1)(t + 2)(t + 3) 24] dt;
1
x 1
---
2. . ) f(x) = 2 x3 x 1 1 2
- + --- cos 2t t dt;
.
---
3
--- +
2 --
2 2
1
x
(sin
) f(x) = 2 t + sin2 2t + sin2 3t 1,5) dt;
2
f(x) [a; b]
x
F(x) , . . F(x) = f(x), -
(sin
) f(x) = 2 2t 2 cos2 2t + a) dt;
:
0
b b x
f(x) dx = F(b) F(a) = F(x) a . ) f(x) =
(sin 3t 3 sin t + 0,5) dt.
a 0
3. :
y , f(x) l 0, - 18 1
y = f (x) x
x(x
b 2
) 3 2 --- dx; ) 1)5 dx;
S
f(x) dx
3
3
1
a
e+1 0
S, - 2x dx
O a b x
y = f(x), Ox -
)
x 1
2
-;
--------------- )
(arcsin (x + 1) + arccos (x + 1)) dx;
. 2 Ox: 2 2
3
x = a x = b (. 2). -
x
arctg --------------- x
f(x) [a; b] , - )
x +1
2
x +1
2
- dx.
- + arcctg ---------------
, . . , - 1
x = a, x = b, y = 0 y = f(x), 4. a, -
, , a
(3x
+, . - 2 + 4x 5) dx = a3 2.
f(x) [a; b], x [a; b] 0
106 107
13. ) y = sin2 x; ) y = 2 cos2 2x; [a; x], . . F(x) =
) y = 2 cos x cos 5x; ) y = 2 sin 4x sin 7x; x
) y = 2 sin 8x cos 3x; e) y = 2 sin x cos 11x. = f(u) du, -
3 2 a
14. ) y = ------------------
-; ) y = --------------
-;
2
cos 4x 2x . F(x) x (. . -
sin ---
2 ),
) y = tg2 x; ) y = ctg2 x. (F(x)) = f(x), . . F(x) f(x).
15. f(x), 1. :
x
M0(x0; y0), : 4
arcsin2 x dx; (sin t + 1 ) dt.
) F(x) = ) F(x) = 8 t+
) f(x) = 3x2 2, M(2; 4); ) f(x) = 1 + cos x + cos 2x, M(0; 1);
x 1
---
2. :
) f(x) = 3 cos x 2 sin x, M --- ; 1 ;
2
) f(x) = e , M(0; 3).
2 x
) f(x) = [t(t + 1)(t + 2)(t + 3) 24] dt;
1
x 1
---
2. . ) f(x) = 2 x3 x 1 1 2
- + --- cos 2t t dt;
.
---
3
--- +
2 --
2 2
1
x
(sin
) f(x) = 2 t + sin2 2t + sin2 3t 1,5) dt;
2
f(x) [a; b]
x
F(x) , . . F(x) = f(x), -
(sin
) f(x) = 2 2t 2 cos2 2t + a) dt;
:
0
b b x
f(x) dx = F(b) F(a) = F(x) a . ) f(x) =
(sin 3t 3 sin t + 0,5) dt.
a 0
3. :
y , f(x) l 0, - 18 1
y = f (x) x
x(x
b 2
) 3 2 --- dx; ) 1)5 dx;
S
f(x) dx
3
3
1
a
e+1 0
S, - 2x dx
O a b x
y = f(x), Ox -
)
x 1
2
-;
--------------- )
(arcsin (x + 1) + arccos (x + 1)) dx;
. 2 Ox: 2 2
3
x = a x = b (. 2). -
x
arctg --------------- x
f(x) [a; b] , - )
x +1
2
x +1
2
- dx.
- + arcctg ---------------
, . . , - 1
x = a, x = b, y = 0 y = f(x), 4. a, -
, , a
(3x
+, . - 2 + 4x 5) dx = a3 2.
f(x) [a; b], x [a; b] 0
106 107
5. a, - S , y
a - y = f (x)
1 3 1
------
a
-
--
2
- x + 1 -------
x
dx < 4. x = a x = b (. 4), -
y = f(x) y = (x), -
1
6. , [0; 2] O c
a b x
c
y = 2(x)
sin x dx = sin 2.
S = [f(x) 1(x)] dx + y = 1(x)
a
---
2
7. b . 4
x
1, 5x + 1
+ [f(x) 2(x)] dx.
(8t2 + 28
------ t + 4) dt = ------------------------------------ . c
3 log x + 1 x + 1
1 , :
1. ) y = x, x = 1, y = 0; ) y = 2x, y = 4x, x = 2;
) y = 2x, y = 4x, y = 3;
3. ) 3x 4y + 11 = 0, 4x + 3y 27 = 0,x + 7y 13 = 0.
[a; b] y = f(x) 2. ) y = x2, x = 4, y = 0; ) y = x2, y = 9, x = 0;
y = (x), f(x) > (x) x (a, b), S 2
) y = x + 1, x = 3, x = 6, y = 0;
, x = a ) y = 3x2 2, x = 1, x = 2, y = 1;
x = b, , ) y = 4x x2, y = 0; ) y = x2 5x + 4, y = 0.
b
3. ) y = x2 2x + 3, x + y = 5;
S = [f(x) (x)]dx (. 3, ).
) y = x 5 3x2, y = 7x 5;
a
, f(a) = (a) ) y = x2 6x + 5, x = 11 y;
(. 3, ) f(b) = (b) f(a) = (a), f(b) = (b) (. 3, ). ) y = x2, |y| = x;
) y2 = 1 x, y = 2x 1, x = 0.
y y = f (x) y y
y = f (x) 4. , y =
y = f (x)
= x2 + 7x 12, ,
S , .
O O 5. , y =
O a b x a b x a b x
y = (x) = 0,5x2 2x + 2 ,
y = (x)
y = (x) A(1; 0,5) B(4; 2).
) ) ) 6. , y = 9x 59
. 3 y = 3x2 + ax + 1, , -
x = 2 Ox , arctg 6.
[a; b] y = f(x) y = (x) ,
7. , y =
f(x) > (x), c (a; b),
= ax2 + 12x 14 y = 9x 32, , -
1(x), x [a; c], , x = 3,
(x) =
2(x), x [c; b], 1(c) = 2(c), Ox , arctg 6.
108 109
5. a, - S , y
a - y = f (x)
1 3 1
------
a
-
--
2
- x + 1 -------
x
dx < 4. x = a x = b (. 4), -
y = f(x) y = (x), -
1
6. , [0; 2] O c
a b x
c
y = 2(x)
sin x dx = sin 2.
S = [f(x) 1(x)] dx + y = 1(x)
a
---
2
7. b . 4
x
1, 5x + 1
+ [f(x) 2(x)] dx.
(8t2 + 28
------ t + 4) dt = ------------------------------------ . c
3 log x + 1 x + 1
1 , :
1. ) y = x, x = 1, y = 0; ) y = 2x, y = 4x, x = 2;
) y = 2x, y = 4x, y = 3;
3. ) 3x 4y + 11 = 0, 4x + 3y 27 = 0,x + 7y 13 = 0.
[a; b] y = f(x) 2. ) y = x2, x = 4, y = 0; ) y = x2, y = 9, x = 0;
y = (x), f(x) > (x) x (a, b), S 2
) y = x + 1, x = 3, x = 6, y = 0;
, x = a ) y = 3x2 2, x = 1, x = 2, y = 1;
x = b, , ) y = 4x x2, y = 0; ) y = x2 5x + 4, y = 0.
b
3. ) y = x2 2x + 3, x + y = 5;
S = [f(x) (x)]dx (. 3, ).
) y = x 5 3x2, y = 7x 5;
a
, f(a) = (a) ) y = x2 6x + 5, x = 11 y;
(. 3, ) f(b) = (b) f(a) = (a), f(b) = (b) (. 3, ). ) y = x2, |y| = x;
) y2 = 1 x, y = 2x 1, x = 0.
y y = f (x) y y
y = f (x) 4. , y =
y = f (x)
= x2 + 7x 12, ,
S , .
O O 5. , y =
O a b x a b x a b x
y = (x) = 0,5x2 2x + 2 ,
y = (x)
y = (x) A(1; 0,5) B(4; 2).
) ) ) 6. , y = 9x 59
. 3 y = 3x2 + ax + 1, , -
x = 2 Ox , arctg 6.
[a; b] y = f(x) y = (x) ,
7. , y =
f(x) > (x), c (a; b),
= ax2 + 12x 14 y = 9x 32, , -
1(x), x [a; c], , x = 3,
(x) =
2(x), x [c; b], 1(c) = 2(c), Ox , arctg 6.
108 109
8. , (x 1) 2(y + 1)
17. ) y = 3
---------------------- , x = --------------------- , x = 3, x = 5;
y = 3x3 + 2x x = a, y = 0, 1. a. x2 y1
9. c, , - 1 1
) y = 1 + ----------------
- , y = ------- .
y = 8x2 x5, x = 1, x = c 3x 1 6x
18. a , -
, 16
------ .
3 1
y = --1- , y = ---------------- 4
- , x = 2, x = a, ln ------- ?
, : x 2x 1 5
10. a) y = --5- , y = 4, x = 7; 1
) y = ------------
- , y = 5 2x; , :
x x1
1 19. a) y = 3x, x = log3 4, x = log3 5, y = 0;
) xy = 5, x + y = 6; ) x = |y 2|, y = ------------
-.
1x x
8 4 ) y = 1
--- , x = 0, x = 1, y = 0;
11. ) y = -----
- , y = x, x = 4;
2
) y = -----
- , y = 4x, x = 2y;
2
2
x x
) y = 2x, x = 1, x = 5, y = x 1;
1
) y = -----
- , y = 27, 16y = x.
3
) y = x + 1, y = 3x, x = 2, x = 4.
x
20. ) y = ex, y = e3, x = 0; ) y = ex, y = e4, x = 1;
12. , y =
) y = ex, y = x + 1, x = 5; ) y = |x 1|, x = 2, y = ex.
= --4- , , x = 2, 21. , y = 9x +
x
x = 3. + 85 y = k 3x + m, C(0; 34)
13. c, , D(1; 14).
4 1 22. , y =
y = -----
- , x = 1, y = c, 2 --- .
2 x 4 = 25x + 16 y = b 5x + 4,
, : x = 1 Ox , arctg (40 ln 5).
14. ) y = x 1 , y = 3 x, y = 0; ) y = x2, x = y2; 23. , y 15 = e2x
e
y = 7 x dx, A(0; 10).
) y = x,y= 4 3x , y = 0; ) y = x3, y = x , y = 8.
15. ) y = 4 x2, y = x2 2x; , :
) y = x2 + 6x 2, y = x2 2x + 4;
24. ) y = sin x, y = 0, x = 0, x = 2;
) y = 2x2 x + 1, y = (x 7)2, x = 1,5, y = 0.
) y = sin 3x, x = ------ , x = --- , y = 0;
16. ) y = x2, y = --1- , y = 0, x = 2; 12 6
x
4 ) y = 2 cos x, x = --- , x = --- , y = 0;
- , y = x2 1,5x + 1;
) 3 y = ------------ 4 4
x+2
4 ) y = cos 2x, x = --- , x = --- , y = 0.
) y = 2x2 + 5x + 3, y + 1 = ------------
-; 6 8
x+1
) y = 16
------ , y = x3, y = 1; 25. ) y = ------3- , x = 1, y = cos x, x = 0, y = 0;
x 2
8 ) y = sin x, y = 0,5, y = 0, x = 0, x = 3;
- , 2y = x2, y = 8x (x l 2);
) y = -----
2
x
) y = sin x, y = 2 2 2 2
----------- , x = 0, x = arcsin ----------- ;
3 3
) y = --1- , y = x2, 8y = x2.
x ) y = 2 |1 x|, y = sin x, x = 0, x = 2.
110 111
8. , (x 1) 2(y + 1)
17. ) y = 3
---------------------- , x = --------------------- , x = 3, x = 5;
y = 3x3 + 2x x = a, y = 0, 1. a. x2 y1
9. c, , - 1 1
) y = 1 + ----------------
- , y = ------- .
y = 8x2 x5, x = 1, x = c 3x 1 6x
18. a , -
, 16
------ .
3 1
y = --1- , y = ---------------- 4
- , x = 2, x = a, ln ------- ?
, : x 2x 1 5
10. a) y = --5- , y = 4, x = 7; 1
) y = ------------
- , y = 5 2x; , :
x x1
1 19. a) y = 3x, x = log3 4, x = log3 5, y = 0;
) xy = 5, x + y = 6; ) x = |y 2|, y = ------------
-.
1x x
8 4 ) y = 1
--- , x = 0, x = 1, y = 0;
11. ) y = -----
- , y = x, x = 4;
2
) y = -----
- , y = 4x, x = 2y;
2
2
x x
) y = 2x, x = 1, x = 5, y = x 1;
1
) y = -----
- , y = 27, 16y = x.
3
) y = x + 1, y = 3x, x = 2, x = 4.
x
20. ) y = ex, y = e3, x = 0; ) y = ex, y = e4, x = 1;
12. , y =
) y = ex, y = x + 1, x = 5; ) y = |x 1|, x = 2, y = ex.
= --4- , , x = 2, 21. , y = 9x +
x
x = 3. + 85 y = k 3x + m, C(0; 34)
13. c, , D(1; 14).
4 1 22. , y =
y = -----
- , x = 1, y = c, 2 --- .
2 x 4 = 25x + 16 y = b 5x + 4,
, : x = 1 Ox , arctg (40 ln 5).
14. ) y = x 1 , y = 3 x, y = 0; ) y = x2, x = y2; 23. , y 15 = e2x
e
y = 7 x dx, A(0; 10).
) y = x,y= 4 3x , y = 0; ) y = x3, y = x , y = 8.
15. ) y = 4 x2, y = x2 2x; , :
) y = x2 + 6x 2, y = x2 2x + 4;
24. ) y = sin x, y = 0, x = 0, x = 2;
) y = 2x2 x + 1, y = (x 7)2, x = 1,5, y = 0.
) y = sin 3x, x = ------ , x = --- , y = 0;
16. ) y = x2, y = --1- , y = 0, x = 2; 12 6
x
4 ) y = 2 cos x, x = --- , x = --- , y = 0;
- , y = x2 1,5x + 1;
) 3 y = ------------ 4 4
x+2
4 ) y = cos 2x, x = --- , x = --- , y = 0.
) y = 2x2 + 5x + 3, y + 1 = ------------
-; 6 8
x+1
) y = 16
------ , y = x3, y = 1; 25. ) y = ------3- , x = 1, y = cos x, x = 0, y = 0;
x 2
8 ) y = sin x, y = 0,5, y = 0, x = 0, x = 3;
- , 2y = x2, y = 8x (x l 2);
) y = -----
2
x
) y = sin x, y = 2 2 2 2
----------- , x = 0, x = arcsin ----------- ;
3 3
) y = --1- , y = x2, 8y = x2.
x ) y = 2 |1 x|, y = sin x, x = 0, x = 2.
110 111
26. k, , -
VI
x = ------ , x = k, y = sin 6x ,
18
1
--- .
.
6
27. d ,
. .
y = cos 5x, y = 0, x = ------ x = d, 0,2?
30
:
2 2
2 2
28. )
4 x dx; )
4 x dx.
1.
0 3
2 1
1. , -
29. )
ln x dx; )
arcsin x dx. N , -
1 0 .
30. F(x), : ) F(x) = 6x2 2x + 3 F(1) = 5; : x1, x2, x3, ... , , {xn}.
) F(x) = 2 sin 2x + 3x2 F(0) = 3.
31. : 2. {xn} {yn} -
) y = 3x2 4x + 2 y = , {xn + yn} -
= 20 x;
, {xn yn} , {xn yn}
) y = 2x x2 y = x;
) y = 0, y = 2 x, y = x. x
, -----n- yn 0 -
32. : yn
1 x+1 .
) y = 4x, y = --- , x = 0;
2 : 1) ,
) y = ex, x = 0, x = 1 - a, xn m a n N; 2) -
y = ln x, - , b, xn l b n N; 3) -
x = 1; , c, |xn| l c
) y = x2 x + 2 n N.
y = ln x + 3,
x = 1. . -
{xn} a ( a), . .
lim x n = a, > 0 n0 = n0() ,
n
|xn a| < n > n0().
, {xn} , lim x n =
n
= 0. , , -
.
112 113
26. k, , -
VI
x = ------ , x = k, y = sin 6x ,
18
1
--- .
.
6
27. d ,
. .
y = cos 5x, y = 0, x = ------ x = d, 0,2?
30
:
2 2
2 2
28. )
4 x dx; )
4 x dx.
1.
0 3
2 1
1. , -
29. )
ln x dx; )
arcsin x dx. N , -
1 0 .
30. F(x), : ) F(x) = 6x2 2x + 3 F(1) = 5; : x1, x2, x3, ... , , {xn}.
) F(x) = 2 sin 2x + 3x2 F(0) = 3.
31. : 2. {xn} {yn} -
) y = 3x2 4x + 2 y = , {xn + yn} -
= 20 x;
, {xn yn} , {xn yn}
) y = 2x x2 y = x;
) y = 0, y = 2 x, y = x. x
, -----n- yn 0 -
32. : yn
1 x+1 .
) y = 4x, y = --- , x = 0;
2 : 1) ,
) y = ex, x = 0, x = 1 - a, xn m a n N; 2) -
y = ln x, - , b, xn l b n N; 3) -
x = 1; , c, |xn| l c
) y = x2 x + 2 n N.
y = ln x + 3,
x = 1. . -
{xn} a ( a), . .
lim x n = a, > 0 n0 = n0() ,
n
|xn a| < n > n0().
, {xn} , lim x n =
n
= 0. , , -
.
112 113
{xn} : 1) - -
, xn < xn + 1 n N; 2) - .
, xn + 1 < xn n N. 1. {xn}
1
xn 0, -----
- , -
xn
, {xn} xn 0,
1. yn m xn m zn lim y n = lim z n = c, lim x n = c.
n n n
1
2. -----
- .
x n
.
3. . - 2. -
{xn} , > 0 -
n0 = n0() , |xn xm| < n > n0() .
m N. 3.
-
.
4.
.
5. {xn} -
lim x n lim y n , :
n n , xn = 0.
1. xn m yn, lim x n m lim y n ; 1. -
n n , , :
2. lim (xn yn) = lim x n lim y n ; ) lim --1- = 0; ) lim n 1
------------- = 1;
1
) lim -----
- = 0.
n n n
n n n n+1 n 3 n
3. lim (xn yn) = lim x n lim y n ; 2. , {xn}, -
n n n
+ ( 1 ) n
xn = 1 - , .
-----------------------
2
lim x n n
x n
- , yn 0, lim y n 0.
4. lim -----n- = ------------------ , (n N)
n yn lim y n n
n :
( 1 )n + 1
3. ) 1 1 1
--- , --- , --- , ..., ---------------------- , ...;
e. e : 3 6 9 3n
n ) 2, 2, 2, ..., 2, ...;
lim 1 + --1- = e = 2,718281...
n n ) 4, 2 2 2 2
--- , 4, --- , 4, --- , ..., 4, --- , ...;
1 2 3 n
(: ln x).
) 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., n, (n + 1), ... .
4. ) cos 1, cos 2, cos 3, ..., cos n, ...;
. lim xn = ) 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 5, ..., 0, 2n 1, ...;
n
) 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., (1)n 1 2n 1, ...;
, E > 0 n0 = n0(E) ,
) 2, 4 6 2n
--- , --- , ..., ----------------- , ... .
|xn| > E n > n0(E). 3 5 2n 1
114 115
{xn} : 1) - -
, xn < xn + 1 n N; 2) - .
, xn + 1 < xn n N. 1. {xn}
1
xn 0, -----
- , -
xn
, {xn} xn 0,
1. yn m xn m zn lim y n = lim z n = c, lim x n = c.
n n n
1
2. -----
- .
x n
.
3. . - 2. -
{xn} , > 0 -
n0 = n0() , |xn xm| < n > n0() .
m N. 3.
-
.
4.
.
5. {xn} -
lim x n lim y n , :
n n , xn = 0.
1. xn m yn, lim x n m lim y n ; 1. -
n n , , :
2. lim (xn yn) = lim x n lim y n ; ) lim --1- = 0; ) lim n 1
------------- = 1;
1
) lim -----
- = 0.
n n n
n n n n+1 n 3 n
3. lim (xn yn) = lim x n lim y n ; 2. , {xn}, -
n n n
+ ( 1 ) n
xn = 1 - , .
-----------------------
2
lim x n n
x n
- , yn 0, lim y n 0.
4. lim -----n- = ------------------ , (n N)
n yn lim y n n
n :
( 1 )n + 1
3. ) 1 1 1
--- , --- , --- , ..., ---------------------- , ...;
e. e : 3 6 9 3n
n ) 2, 2, 2, ..., 2, ...;
lim 1 + --1- = e = 2,718281...
n n ) 4, 2 2 2 2
--- , 4, --- , 4, --- , ..., 4, --- , ...;
1 2 3 n
(: ln x).
) 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., n, (n + 1), ... .
4. ) cos 1, cos 2, cos 3, ..., cos n, ...;
. lim xn = ) 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 5, ..., 0, 2n 1, ...;
n
) 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., (1)n 1 2n 1, ...;
, E > 0 n0 = n0(E) ,
) 2, 4 6 2n
--- , --- , ..., ----------------- , ... .
|xn| > E n > n0(E). 3 5 2n 1
114 115
5. ? sin n 5
16. ) { n ( 1 ) } ; ) -------------
n
6. - ; ) {(2 + (1)n)n}; ) 4 -----n- ;
n 3
( ).
7. - 1
, , : ) 2 + -----
- .
n
4
+2 2 3n 2
) lim n
------------- + -------------------
- = 2;
n n1 n2 + 1 5n
17. , ------------
-
1 n
n1 n + 2
) lim --- + ---------------
- = 0.
n 2 n 1
2
.
8. , {xn + yn} . -
+1 n
{xn} {yn}? 18. , 4 - -
---------------
n
4
9. -
.
, , :
1 + 5n 3 ) ( 1 n + n 2 )
) lim (--------------------------------------------------------
- = 5; 19. {xn} , -
n 2n (n + 3)3
{yn} . , -
1 n7 {xn yn} ?
) lim 15 + -----
- ------------- = 15.
n n2 n 6
10. , {xn} . - :
( 2n + 1 ) ( n 3 ) 34
, {xn} , - 20. -.
lim ---------------------------------------- 21. lim 5n -.
-------------------
n (n + 2)(n + 4) n 4n +6
lim xn = a, lim (xn) = a.
n n 5n 8 +1
n7 (n + 3) 2
22. lim --------------------------------
-. 23. lim -----------------------------
-.
11. : lim xn = a, lim yn = b. , n 2 3n 8 n 5n n + 1
2
n n
3n ( n 2 )2 3n + ( 1 ) n
lim (xn yn) = a b. 24. lim ---------------------------
n+3 2
-. 25. lim --------------------------------
-.
n n 3 n n 4n ( 1 ) n
n + 1 + 4n + 1
12. , an, n N, , 26. lim n sin n
----------------- . 27. lim 3 -.
---------------------------------
bn, n N, . - n n2 + 1 n n 3 +4 n
: ) {an + bn}; ) {anbn}? n!
28. - ( n! = 1 2 3 ... (n 1)n, 1! = 1, n N).
lim ------------------------------
13. an bn, n N, . n ( n + 1 )! n!
, : ) {an + bn}; ( n + 3 )! + ( n + 2 )! 3n 1
29. lim ---------------------------------------------
-. 30. lim ---------------
-.
) {anbn}? n ( n + 4 )! n 3 +1
n
14. an bn, n N, , lim (anbn) = 1 1
1 + --- + --- +...+ -----n-
1
n 3 9 3
31. lim ------------------------------------------------- .
= 0. , lim an = 0, lim bn = 0? n 1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1
--- --- -----n-
n n 2 4 2
, -
3
: 32. - (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n).
lim -----
n n2
+1 2n + 3 6n + 4 4n
15. ) 4n
----------------- ; ) (1)n + 1 ----------------- ; ) ----------------- ; ) ----------------- . 33. 4
- (12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2).
lim -----
5n 1 n+7 3n + 2 4n + 7 n n3
116 117
5. ? sin n 5
16. ) { n ( 1 ) } ; ) -------------
n
6. - ; ) {(2 + (1)n)n}; ) 4 -----n- ;
n 3
( ).
7. - 1
, , : ) 2 + -----
- .
n
4
+2 2 3n 2
) lim n
------------- + -------------------
- = 2;
n n1 n2 + 1 5n
17. , ------------
-
1 n
n1 n + 2
) lim --- + ---------------
- = 0.
n 2 n 1
2
.
8. , {xn + yn} . -
+1 n
{xn} {yn}? 18. , 4 - -
---------------
n
4
9. -
.
, , :
1 + 5n 3 ) ( 1 n + n 2 )
) lim (--------------------------------------------------------
- = 5; 19. {xn} , -
n 2n (n + 3)3
{yn} . , -
1 n7 {xn yn} ?
) lim 15 + -----
- ------------- = 15.
n n2 n 6
10. , {xn} . - :
( 2n + 1 ) ( n 3 ) 34
, {xn} , - 20. -.
lim ---------------------------------------- 21. lim 5n -.
-------------------
n (n + 2)(n + 4) n 4n +6
lim xn = a, lim (xn) = a.
n n 5n 8 +1
n7 (n + 3) 2
22. lim --------------------------------
-. 23. lim -----------------------------
-.
11. : lim xn = a, lim yn = b. , n 2 3n 8 n 5n n + 1
2
n n
3n ( n 2 )2 3n + ( 1 ) n
lim (xn yn) = a b. 24. lim ---------------------------
n+3 2
-. 25. lim --------------------------------
-.
n n 3 n n 4n ( 1 ) n
n + 1 + 4n + 1
12. , an, n N, , 26. lim n sin n
----------------- . 27. lim 3 -.
---------------------------------
bn, n N, . - n n2 + 1 n n 3 +4 n
: ) {an + bn}; ) {anbn}? n!
28. - ( n! = 1 2 3 ... (n 1)n, 1! = 1, n N).
lim ------------------------------
13. an bn, n N, . n ( n + 1 )! n!
, : ) {an + bn}; ( n + 3 )! + ( n + 2 )! 3n 1
29. lim ---------------------------------------------
-. 30. lim ---------------
-.
) {anbn}? n ( n + 4 )! n 3 +1
n
14. an bn, n N, , lim (anbn) = 1 1
1 + --- + --- +...+ -----n-
1
n 3 9 3
31. lim ------------------------------------------------- .
= 0. , lim an = 0, lim bn = 0? n 1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1
--- --- -----n-
n n 2 4 2
, -
3
: 32. - (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n).
lim -----
n n2
+1 2n + 3 6n + 4 4n
15. ) 4n
----------------- ; ) (1)n + 1 ----------------- ; ) ----------------- ; ) ----------------- . 33. 4
- (12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2).
lim -----
5n 1 n+7 3n + 2 4n + 7 n n3
116 117
1 1 1 1 q -
34. - + ----------- + ----------- + ... + ---------------------- ;
) lim ----------
n 12 23 34 n(n + 1) .
{bn} -
1 1 1 1
- + ----------- + ----------- + ... + --------------------------------------------- ;
) lim ---------- , n > 1
n 13 35 57 ( 2n 1 ) ( 2n + 1 )
2
1 1 1 1 b n = bn 1 bn + 1
) lim ----------
- ----------- + ----------- ----------- + ...
n 12 13 23 35
, b =
1 1 n
-.
... + ---------------------- --------------------------------------------
n ( n + 1 ) ( 2n 1 ) ( 2n + 1 )
= b n 1 b n + 1 .
b n b n
- , b 0.
35. lim --------------------
n
n b +b
n
b n 2 = bn m bn + m, n m > 0.
2.
1 b b qn1 1 b (1 qn)
. - bn = b1qn 1, Sn = -----------------------
- = --------------------------- ,
1q 1q
, , , -
, d, - q 1, Sn n -
. d . q = 1, Sn = b1n.
. -
{an} - {bn}, |q| < 1, q
, n > 1 . -
an = 1
--- (an 1 + an + 1). S = lim Sn,
2
n
Sn = b + bq + bq2 + ... + bqn 1.
an = 1
--- (an m + an + m), n m > 0. |q| < 1, lim qn = 0. -
2 n
,
b ( 1 qn) b
1 a +a n 2a + d ( n 1 )
1 - = ------------ lim (1 qn) =
S = lim Sn = lim -----------------------
an = a1 + d(n 1), Sn = ------------------
- = -------------------------------------- n, n n 1q 1q n
2 2
b b
= ------------ ( lim 1 lim qn) = ------------ (1 0),
Sn n , 1q n n 1q
. . Sn = a1 + a2 + ... + an.
. .
. , b
S = b + bq + bq2 + ... = ------------ .
1q
, ,
, , 1. 1, -
q, - 4. 10 091
. ?
118 119
1 1 1 1 q -
34. - + ----------- + ----------- + ... + ---------------------- ;
) lim ----------
n 12 23 34 n(n + 1) .
{bn} -
1 1 1 1
- + ----------- + ----------- + ... + --------------------------------------------- ;
) lim ---------- , n > 1
n 13 35 57 ( 2n 1 ) ( 2n + 1 )
2
1 1 1 1 b n = bn 1 bn + 1
) lim ----------
- ----------- + ----------- ----------- + ...
n 12 13 23 35
, b =
1 1 n
-.
... + ---------------------- --------------------------------------------
n ( n + 1 ) ( 2n 1 ) ( 2n + 1 )
= b n 1 b n + 1 .
b n b n
- , b 0.
35. lim --------------------
n
n b +b
n
b n 2 = bn m bn + m, n m > 0.
2.
1 b b qn1 1 b (1 qn)
. - bn = b1qn 1, Sn = -----------------------
- = --------------------------- ,
1q 1q
, , , -
, d, - q 1, Sn n -
. d . q = 1, Sn = b1n.
. -
{an} - {bn}, |q| < 1, q
, n > 1 . -
an = 1
--- (an 1 + an + 1). S = lim Sn,
2
n
Sn = b + bq + bq2 + ... + bqn 1.
an = 1
--- (an m + an + m), n m > 0. |q| < 1, lim qn = 0. -
2 n
,
b ( 1 qn) b
1 a +a n 2a + d ( n 1 )
1 - = ------------ lim (1 qn) =
S = lim Sn = lim -----------------------
an = a1 + d(n 1), Sn = ------------------
- = -------------------------------------- n, n n 1q 1q n
2 2
b b
= ------------ ( lim 1 lim qn) = ------------ (1 0),
Sn n , 1q n n 1q
. . Sn = a1 + a2 + ... + an.
. .
. , b
S = b + bq + bq2 + ... = ------------ .
1q
, ,
, , 1. 1, -
q, - 4. 10 091
. ?
118 119
2. , - 15. -
7? 3, -
3. , - k. -
5 , 4. .
4. , 16. -
36, - b, -
, - 1. -
16. .
5. - 17. Sp = q; Sq = p (Sn -
56, 112. - n ). Sp + q.
, 11. 18. n
6. - n . -
99, 89. , 3n
10. n .
7. , 19. -
91, 9, . -
20? . .
8. 20. 10 -
. , . , -
, 200, 220. , ,
12.
9. 1,44 . ?
30, 21. p ,
116. , , - n . 1,
2, 3, ..., p, 1, 3, 5, ..., 2p 1.
13.
.
10. ,
22. 3,
27,
0,5.
275.
,
11. -
?
406.
23.
2, -
, 40,
6. . 80.
12. 0,6(1), 24.
, , 18. , -
. 6, 54.
13. - 25.
, a2. 18, 12.
. .
14. - 26. -
1, - 20, 26. -
b. . .
120 121
2. , - 15. -
7? 3, -
3. , - k. -
5 , 4. .
4. , 16. -
36, - b, -
, - 1. -
16. .
5. - 17. Sp = q; Sq = p (Sn -
56, 112. - n ). Sp + q.
, 11. 18. n
6. - n . -
99, 89. , 3n
10. n .
7. , 19. -
91, 9, . -
20? . .
8. 20. 10 -
. , . , -
, 200, 220. , ,
12.
9. 1,44 . ?
30, 21. p ,
116. , , - n . 1,
2, 3, ..., p, 1, 3, 5, ..., 2p 1.
13.
.
10. ,
22. 3,
27,
0,5.
275.
,
11. -
?
406.
23.
2, -
, 40,
6. . 80.
12. 0,6(1), 24.
, , 18. , -
. 6, 54.
13. - 25.
, a2. 18, 12.
. .
14. - 26. -
1, - 20, 26. -
b. . .
120 121
27. 18
, 65
------ ,
10 A, - 32
, , . .
. 37.
. 8
----------
- , a
28. 109 9 3
100 12.
, 8
--------------- . -
q. 27 3
29. 1000 . .
, , S1, 38. -
S2. - 243, 275. -
. .
30. 39.
S1, ( 11- 20-) f(x) = x3 +
S2. . + 3x 9 [2; 3],
f(0). -
31. .
66, 40. 3 -
128, 126. , -
? . 6, -
32. , - . .
, 41. , -
. , 15. -
, 400 . - 1, 4, 19, -
, . .
, 2
--- ,
42. -
3 . 14.
. . , ,
33. Sn n . .
. , Sn (S3n S2n) = (S2n Sn)2. 43. -
34. -
, -
, 3 0,25. -
. ,
35. - 2.
3,5, 44. ,
147
---------- . . . -
16 792, ,
36. , . -
325 2, -
---------- , -
128 .
122 123
27. 18
, 65
------ ,
10 A, - 32
, , . .
. 37.
. 8
----------
- , a
28. 109 9 3
100 12.
, 8
--------------- . -
q. 27 3
29. 1000 . .
, , S1, 38. -
S2. - 243, 275. -
. .
30. 39.
S1, ( 11- 20-) f(x) = x3 +
S2. . + 3x 9 [2; 3],
f(0). -
31. .
66, 40. 3 -
128, 126. , -
? . 6, -
32. , - . .
, 41. , -
. , 15. -
, 400 . - 1, 4, 19, -
, . .
, 2
--- ,
42. -
3 . 14.
. . , ,
33. Sn n . .
. , Sn (S3n S2n) = (S2n Sn)2. 43. -
34. -
, -
, 3 0,25. -
. ,
35. - 2.
3,5, 44. ,
147
---------- . . . -
16 792, ,
36. , . -
325 2, -
---------- , -
128 .
122 123
45. . 55. , -
64, - 4 1.
. 56.
8,
1 1
--- , --- . -
. . 2 8
46. . .
8, - 57. , -
; 64, , -
- ; 14,
. . 12.
47. . 58.
, - 243, 275.
. . .
48. , - 59.
, 124. 1,
3 54
--- , ------ . .
65, , - 2 7
. 60. , -
. , 21, 189.
49. , 125,
, -
. . 3. .
50.
, , - x0
- x0. x0 -
, 0,125. x0 x0. -
51. , -
, 5, 6, 9 15, .
. .
52. , . a
, 4, 21, 29 1, - f(x) x0 (: lim f(x) = a),
, . x x0
. > 0 = () , x, -
53. - 0 < |x x0| < (), -
155, - |f(x) a| < .
9. ,
- . b
, - f(x) x0 lim f(x) = b, |f(x) b| <
x x0 + 0
.
54. 12 - 0 < x x0 < (); c x0
, 24 - lim f(x) = c, |f(x) c| < 0 < x0 x < ().
. . x x0 0
124 125
45. . 55. , -
64, - 4 1.
. 56.
8,
1 1
--- , --- . -
. . 2 8
46. . .
8, - 57. , -
; 64, , -
- ; 14,
. . 12.
47. . 58.
, - 243, 275.
. . .
48. , - 59.
, 124. 1,
3 54
--- , ------ . .
65, , - 2 7
. 60. , -
. , 21, 189.
49. , 125,
, -
. . 3. .
50.
, , - x0
- x0. x0 -
, 0,125. x0 x0. -
51. , -
, 5, 6, 9 15, .
. .
52. , . a
, 4, 21, 29 1, - f(x) x0 (: lim f(x) = a),
, . x x0
. > 0 = () , x, -
53. - 0 < |x x0| < (), -
155, - |f(x) a| < .
9. ,
- . b
, - f(x) x0 lim f(x) = b, |f(x) b| <
x x0 + 0
.
54. 12 - 0 < x x0 < (); c x0
, 24 - lim f(x) = c, |f(x) c| < 0 < x0 x < ().
. . x x0 0
124 125
. b 2. ,
f(x) x + lim f(x) = b, - (), (-
x + ).
> 0 E() > 0 , x > E() -
|f(x) b| < . :
x x 1 2 x 1 3
1. lim -----------------------------
-. 2. lim --------------------------------------
-.
x : x 1 2x 2 x 1 x 1 x3 x2 + x 1
lim f(x) = c, |f(x) c| < x < E(); x 6x 27 4 2
x 3. lim ------------------------------------------
-.
x 3 x + 3x + x + 3
3 2
lim f(x) = d, |f(x) d| < |x| > E().
x 4
--------------------- 1 3x + x 2 1 x4 1
4. lim - -----------------------------
- + 3 ---------------------
- .
(x) x x0, x1 x x2 1 1x 3 x 3 x 1
lim (x) = 0. 3x 2x 2 + 1
x x0 5. lim ----------------
- -----------------------------
- .
x 5x 1 x 2 + 2x 1
(x) x x0,
x3 x2 2sin x + sin x 1 2
lim (x) = . 6. - ----------------- .
lim ------------------- 7. lim ---------------------------------------------------
-.
x x0 x 3x 2 4 3x + 2 2sin x 3 sin x + 1
2
x ---
6
1
(x) (x) 0, -----------
- -
(x) 1 ctg x 3 x2 x
8. lim --------------------------------------------- . 9. lim -------------------
-.
1 2 ctg x ctg x 3 x1 x1
x ---
; (x) , -----------
- 4
(x)
. 10. x 3x 2
lim ------------------------------ 11. 5x2
-. lim --------------------------
-.
x2 2 x 4 x1 2x1
.
xb ab
12. - , a 0, a > b.
lim ---------------------------------------
xa x a
2 2
f(x) (x) x1 1+x 1x
13. lim -----------------
-. 14. lim -----------------------------------------
-.
lim f(x) = a, lim (x) = b, : x1 3 x1 x0 3 1+x 1x
x x0 x x0
1. lim (f(x) + (x)) = lim f(x) + lim (x) = a + b. 1 4 1 log 4 a 8
a+ x 2 ax
x x0 x x0 x x0 15. lim ----------------------
- ----------------------------------------------------------
- 2 .
x a 4 a4 x
3
---
1 1
--- ---
1 1
--- ---
3
---
4 4 2 2 4 4
2. lim (f(x) (x)) = lim f(x) lim (x) = a b. x a x +a x a
x x0 x x0 x x0
3. lim f(x)(x) = lim f(x) lim (x) = ab. sin x ---
x + 23 x 6 3
x x0 x x0 x x0 16. lim 2
------------------------------------ . 17. lim ---------------------------- .
x2 2 x 2 1 x 1 2 cos x
lim f ( x ) x ---
3
f(x) x x0 a
4. lim ----------- - = --- , (x) 0, b 0.
- = -------------------------
x x0 ( x ) lim ( x ) b 3 x 3tgx 4sin 2 x
x x0 18. lim tg
--------------------------------- . 19. lim 1
----------------------------- .
cos 3x
x --- cos x + --- x ---
3 6 6
1. f(x) -
sin 2x
x0, lim f(x) = f(x0). 20. lim ----------------
-. 21. lim sin 8x ctg 3x.
x x0 x0 5x x0
126 127
. b 2. ,
f(x) x + lim f(x) = b, - (), (-
x + ).
> 0 E() > 0 , x > E() -
|f(x) b| < . :
x x 1 2 x 1 3
1. lim -----------------------------
-. 2. lim --------------------------------------
-.
x : x 1 2x 2 x 1 x 1 x3 x2 + x 1
lim f(x) = c, |f(x) c| < x < E(); x 6x 27 4 2
x 3. lim ------------------------------------------
-.
x 3 x + 3x + x + 3
3 2
lim f(x) = d, |f(x) d| < |x| > E().
x 4
--------------------- 1 3x + x 2 1 x4 1
4. lim - -----------------------------
- + 3 ---------------------
- .
(x) x x0, x1 x x2 1 1x 3 x 3 x 1
lim (x) = 0. 3x 2x 2 + 1
x x0 5. lim ----------------
- -----------------------------
- .
x 5x 1 x 2 + 2x 1
(x) x x0,
x3 x2 2sin x + sin x 1 2
lim (x) = . 6. - ----------------- .
lim ------------------- 7. lim ---------------------------------------------------
-.
x x0 x 3x 2 4 3x + 2 2sin x 3 sin x + 1
2
x ---
6
1
(x) (x) 0, -----------
- -
(x) 1 ctg x 3 x2 x
8. lim --------------------------------------------- . 9. lim -------------------
-.
1 2 ctg x ctg x 3 x1 x1
x ---
; (x) , -----------
- 4
(x)
. 10. x 3x 2
lim ------------------------------ 11. 5x2
-. lim --------------------------
-.
x2 2 x 4 x1 2x1
.
xb ab
12. - , a 0, a > b.
lim ---------------------------------------
xa x a
2 2
f(x) (x) x1 1+x 1x
13. lim -----------------
-. 14. lim -----------------------------------------
-.
lim f(x) = a, lim (x) = b, : x1 3 x1 x0 3 1+x 1x
x x0 x x0
1. lim (f(x) + (x)) = lim f(x) + lim (x) = a + b. 1 4 1 log 4 a 8
a+ x 2 ax
x x0 x x0 x x0 15. lim ----------------------
- ----------------------------------------------------------
- 2 .
x a 4 a4 x
3
---
1 1
--- ---
1 1
--- ---
3
---
4 4 2 2 4 4
2. lim (f(x) (x)) = lim f(x) lim (x) = a b. x a x +a x a
x x0 x x0 x x0
3. lim f(x)(x) = lim f(x) lim (x) = ab. sin x ---
x + 23 x 6 3
x x0 x x0 x x0 16. lim 2
------------------------------------ . 17. lim ---------------------------- .
x2 2 x 2 1 x 1 2 cos x
lim f ( x ) x ---
3
f(x) x x0 a
4. lim ----------- - = --- , (x) 0, b 0.
- = -------------------------
x x0 ( x ) lim ( x ) b 3 x 3tgx 4sin 2 x
x x0 18. lim tg
--------------------------------- . 19. lim 1
----------------------------- .
cos 3x
x --- cos x + --- x ---
3 6 6
1. f(x) -
sin 2x
x0, lim f(x) = f(x0). 20. lim ----------------
-. 21. lim sin 8x ctg 3x.
x x0 x0 5x x0
126 127
x 2 + 3x 1 )tg x 3 + x2 2
22. lim (---------------------------------------------
-. 23. lim x
----------------------------- . 40. lim 1
x 1 ------- 1
1 + ------- .
x + 2x x 1 sin ( x 1 ) x
x0 2
x + x
cos x sin x tgx cos 5x
24. lim ------------------------------------------
-. 25. lim 1 -.
-------------------------- 3
x2 1 + ----- 1
x0 2 x sin x x0 2 3x 41. lim - 1 -----2- .
2
x + x x
cos 7 ( x )
26. lim 1 - , n = 1, 2.
---------------------------------------- ( 2n 1
x 5(x ) n 42. lim 1 2
--- + -----2- + ... + ------------- .
x + 3 3 3n
sin ( a + 2x ) 2 sin ( a + x ) + sin a
27. lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-. ( ( 1 )n 2 n
x0 2 x 43. lim 1 2
--- + ... + ---------------------
-.
x + 3 3n
3 4
1 + tgx 1 + sin x 1 + x 1 2x 2
44. , A :
28. lim --------------------------------------------------------
- 29. lim ------------------------------------------------- .
x0 3 x x0 x+x 2
sin 2x
30. : ----------------- x 0,
) f(x) = x
x A x = 0;
) f(x) = ---------------
-;
2 x 9
x2 1 x 0, x sin --1- x 0,
) f(x) = ) f(x) = x
2 x = 0; A x = 0;
1
--- sin x x x3 1
) f(x) = 1 + 2x ; ) f(x) = ------------
- ; ) f(x) = ------------- ; ) f(x) = [x]. ---------------- x 1,
x cos x ) f(x) = x1
A x = 1.
:
1 + sin x 1 sin x
31. lim -----------------------------------------------------------
-.
x0 x
x
1 sin ---
2
32. lim ----------------------
-.
x x
33. lim ( ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) x).
x +
34. lim ( ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) + x).
x
35. lim x2 ( 3 1 + x 3 + 3
1 x 3 ).
x +
36. lim x( x x 2 ).
x +
37. lim ( x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x + 1 ).
x +
38. lim ( x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x + 1 ).
x
x
39. lim ------------------------------------------------------ .
x + 1 + x + x2 x + 1
128 129
x 2 + 3x 1 )tg x 3 + x2 2
22. lim (---------------------------------------------
-. 23. lim x
----------------------------- . 40. lim 1
x 1 ------- 1
1 + ------- .
x + 2x x 1 sin ( x 1 ) x
x0 2
x + x
cos x sin x tgx cos 5x
24. lim ------------------------------------------
-. 25. lim 1 -.
-------------------------- 3
x2 1 + ----- 1
x0 2 x sin x x0 2 3x 41. lim - 1 -----2- .
2
x + x x
cos 7 ( x )
26. lim 1 - , n = 1, 2.
---------------------------------------- ( 2n 1
x 5(x ) n 42. lim 1 2
--- + -----2- + ... + ------------- .
x + 3 3 3n
sin ( a + 2x ) 2 sin ( a + x ) + sin a
27. lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-. ( ( 1 )n 2 n
x0 2 x 43. lim 1 2
--- + ... + ---------------------
-.
x + 3 3n
3 4
1 + tgx 1 + sin x 1 + x 1 2x 2
44. , A :
28. lim --------------------------------------------------------
- 29. lim ------------------------------------------------- .
x0 3 x x0 x+x 2
sin 2x
30. : ----------------- x 0,
) f(x) = x
x A x = 0;
) f(x) = ---------------
-;
2 x 9
x2 1 x 0, x sin --1- x 0,
) f(x) = ) f(x) = x
2 x = 0; A x = 0;
1
--- sin x x x3 1
) f(x) = 1 + 2x ; ) f(x) = ------------
- ; ) f(x) = ------------- ; ) f(x) = [x]. ---------------- x 1,
x cos x ) f(x) = x1
A x = 1.
:
1 + sin x 1 sin x
31. lim -----------------------------------------------------------
-.
x0 x
x
1 sin ---
2
32. lim ----------------------
-.
x x
33. lim ( ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) x).
x +
34. lim ( ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) + x).
x
35. lim x2 ( 3 1 + x 3 + 3
1 x 3 ).
x +
36. lim x( x x 2 ).
x +
37. lim ( x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x + 1 ).
x +
38. lim ( x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x + 1 ).
x
x
39. lim ------------------------------------------------------ .
x + 1 + x + x2 x + 1
128 129
VII , , , a -
, cos , cos , cos
a. (1),
X = |a| cos , Y = |a| cos , Z = |a| cos ,
(2)
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1.
1. .
b
a + b a b
. . , a
a B
a
b (. 6), , b
; +
b
a ( -
a
a AB, A -
A ). -
( ),
. 5 :
(. 5). , , -
a b -
|a|. |a| = 1, a . 6
.
(. 7), a + b , -
0, - b
.
a
AB u (: u AB) - a b ; , a + b = b + a.
a b
, A1B1 u, A1 B1 - a +
-
A u. -
.
a u -
a b a b -
b
, b
. 7
u a = |a| cos . (1) a. a b -
, a b ,
a - b a. -
X, Y, Z. a = , -
= {X; Y; Z} , X, Y, Z - , : a,
. X, Y, Z () - a. , a b = a + (b ).
. M1(x1; y1; z1) M2(x2; y2; z2) a a ( R)
, X, Y, Z , |a| = || |a|, a,
, a, > 0, -
, < 0.
X = x 2 x 1 , Y = y2 y1 , Z = z 2 z 1 .
.
.
1. -
| a| = X2 + Y2 + Z2 (2) :
. u (a1 + a2 + ... + an ) = u a1 + u a2 + ... + u an .
130 131
VII , , , a -
, cos , cos , cos
a. (1),
X = |a| cos , Y = |a| cos , Z = |a| cos ,
(2)
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1.
1. .
b
a + b a b
. . , a
a B
a
b (. 6), , b
; +
b
a ( -
a
a AB, A -
A ). -
( ),
. 5 :
(. 5). , , -
a b -
|a|. |a| = 1, a . 6
.
(. 7), a + b , -
0, - b
.
a
AB u (: u AB) - a b ; , a + b = b + a.
a b
, A1B1 u, A1 B1 - a +
-
A u. -
.
a u -
a b a b -
b
, b
. 7
u a = |a| cos . (1) a. a b -
, a b ,
a - b a. -
X, Y, Z. a = , -
= {X; Y; Z} , X, Y, Z - , : a,
. X, Y, Z () - a. , a b = a + (b ).
. M1(x1; y1; z1) M2(x2; y2; z2) a a ( R)
, X, Y, Z , |a| = || |a|, a,
, a, > 0, -
, < 0.
X = x 2 x 1 , Y = y2 y1 , Z = z 2 z 1 .
.
.
1. -
| a| = X2 + Y2 + Z2 (2) :
. u (a1 + a2 + ... + an ) = u a1 + u a2 + ... + u an .
130 131
2. - a b , -
: .
u (a) = u a. ,
, . -
, a = {X1; Y1; Z1}, b = {X2; Y2; Z2}, -
.
a + b = {X1 + X2; Y1 + Y2; Z1 + Z2}, a b , c ,
a b = {X1 X2; Y1 Y2; Z1 Z2}. a b ,
, R,
a = {X; Y; Z}, R, a = {X; Y; Z}.
c = a + b .
,
, . - a, b , c , .
a = {X1; Y1; Z1} b = {X2; Y2; Z2} - -
: .
X1 Y1 Z1 . ,
------- = ------- = ------ . a, b , c , -
X2 Y2 Z2
d -
a1, a2, ... , an .
- a, b , c , d -
1, 2, ... , n: :
d = a + b + c .
1 a1 + 2a2 + ... + nan . (3)
.
1. a1, a2, ... , an - i , j , k , -
:
, 1, 2, ... , n,
1) i , j , k Ox, Oy, Oz;
,
2) i , j , k -
1a1 + 2a2 + ... + nan = 0. ;
3) i , j , k , . . | i | = 1, | j | = 1, |k| = 1.
2. a1, a2, ... , an - a i ,
, (3) j , k, . .
, 1, 2, ... , n
a = X i + Y j + Z k,
.
, , X, Y, Z , . . a
.
. - , , , a Ox,
. Oy, Oz,
a b , , - X
cos = -------------------------------------- Y
, cos = -------------------------------------- Z
, cos = -------------------------------------- .
b = a. X2 + Y2 + Z2 X2 + Y2 + Z2 X2 + Y2 + Z2
132 133
2. - a b , -
: .
u (a) = u a. ,
, . -
, a = {X1; Y1; Z1}, b = {X2; Y2; Z2}, -
.
a + b = {X1 + X2; Y1 + Y2; Z1 + Z2}, a b , c ,
a b = {X1 X2; Y1 Y2; Z1 Z2}. a b ,
, R,
a = {X; Y; Z}, R, a = {X; Y; Z}.
c = a + b .
,
, . - a, b , c , .
a = {X1; Y1; Z1} b = {X2; Y2; Z2} - -
: .
X1 Y1 Z1 . ,
------- = ------- = ------ . a, b , c , -
X2 Y2 Z2
d -
a1, a2, ... , an .
- a, b , c , d -
1, 2, ... , n: :
d = a + b + c .
1 a1 + 2a2 + ... + nan . (3)
.
1. a1, a2, ... , an - i , j , k , -
:
, 1, 2, ... , n,
1) i , j , k Ox, Oy, Oz;
,
2) i , j , k -
1a1 + 2a2 + ... + nan = 0. ;
3) i , j , k , . . | i | = 1, | j | = 1, |k| = 1.
2. a1, a2, ... , an - a i ,
, (3) j , k, . .
, 1, 2, ... , n
a = X i + Y j + Z k,
.
, , X, Y, Z , . . a
.
. - , , , a Ox,
. Oy, Oz,
a b , , - X
cos = -------------------------------------- Y
, cos = -------------------------------------- Z
, cos = -------------------------------------- .
b = a. X2 + Y2 + Z2 X2 + Y2 + Z2 X2 + Y2 + Z2
132 133
1. a b , 16. : a = {3; 1}, b = {1; 2}, c = {1; 7}.
: p = a + b + c a b .
) | a + b | = | a b |; ) | a + b | > |a b |; ) |a + b | < |a b |? 17. x y A(2; 0), B(0; 2); C(0; 7) D(x; y)
2. a, b c b = 5a -
a ABCD?
c = 2b . : ) a c ; ) -----
-.
c 18. M1 M2 A1B1 A2B2. -
3. x |(x 2)a| < |3 a|, M1M2 , , A1(0; 1; 2), A2(1; 2; 1),
a 0? B1(1; 1; 3) B2(1; 0; 0).
4. a 0. x - 19. : A(2; 3; 8), B(2; 1; 7), C(1; 4; 5)
|xa| l |a| (xa + 3a) a? D(7; 4; 7). , AB CD .
5. a b . x y, 20. AB = 3 i + 4k AC = 5 i 2 j + 4 k -
2u v = w, ABC. AM.
u = xa + 2yb , v = 2ya + 3xb , w = 4a 2b .
21. b = {X; Y; Z}, a =
6. a, b , c , -
= { 2 2 ; 1; 4}, |b | = 10.
. , a + b
22. x : ) x -
c , b + c a.
a = 6i 8 j 7,5k ; ) x
7. a, b , c .
Oz; ) |x| = 50. x.
p q, pa + qb + c a + pb + qc -
. 23. b , a = {3; 4; 12}, -
Ox . , |b | = 26, -
8. a, b c |c | < |b |< |a|. -
.
(a + b + c ) a?
24. M, Ox
9. A, , C , AB = a, AC = b . A(1; 2; 3) B(3; 3; 2).
AO, O 25.
, a b . : A(3; 0; 1), B(1; 4; 1), C(5; 2; 3), D(0; 5; 4).
10. M K BC CD - AO, O -
ABCD. AC , AM = a, AK = b . BCD.
11. a b , 26.
a + b a b ? 3 4
a = 3 1
--- ; --- ; --- , b = 3
--- ; 6; --- c = 9 9
--- ; --- ; 1 ?
12. A, B, C , AB = a, AC = b , 7 2 4 2 3 8 2
AD . e, -
27. : a = {3; 2; 1}, b = {1; 1; 2}, c =
AD.
= {2; 1; 3}. d = {11; 6; 5} -
13. A(1; 3), B(2; 4) C(5; 14). :
a, b , c .
) | AB + AC |; ) | AB AC |.
28. ABCA1B1C1 CB1 -
14. X Y a = {X; 2; 5} b = M CM : MB1 = 2 : 3. -
= {1; Y; 4} ?
AM AA1, AB, AC .
15. p ,
q = {3; 4}, , p Ox 29. ABCDA1B1C1D1
| p | = 10. : |AA1| = 12, |AB| = 3, |AD| = 4. e ,
134 135
1. a b , 16. : a = {3; 1}, b = {1; 2}, c = {1; 7}.
: p = a + b + c a b .
) | a + b | = | a b |; ) | a + b | > |a b |; ) |a + b | < |a b |? 17. x y A(2; 0), B(0; 2); C(0; 7) D(x; y)
2. a, b c b = 5a -
a ABCD?
c = 2b . : ) a c ; ) -----
-.
c 18. M1 M2 A1B1 A2B2. -
3. x |(x 2)a| < |3 a|, M1M2 , , A1(0; 1; 2), A2(1; 2; 1),
a 0? B1(1; 1; 3) B2(1; 0; 0).
4. a 0. x - 19. : A(2; 3; 8), B(2; 1; 7), C(1; 4; 5)
|xa| l |a| (xa + 3a) a? D(7; 4; 7). , AB CD .
5. a b . x y, 20. AB = 3 i + 4k AC = 5 i 2 j + 4 k -
2u v = w, ABC. AM.
u = xa + 2yb , v = 2ya + 3xb , w = 4a 2b .
21. b = {X; Y; Z}, a =
6. a, b , c , -
= { 2 2 ; 1; 4}, |b | = 10.
. , a + b
22. x : ) x -
c , b + c a.
a = 6i 8 j 7,5k ; ) x
7. a, b , c .
Oz; ) |x| = 50. x.
p q, pa + qb + c a + pb + qc -
. 23. b , a = {3; 4; 12}, -
Ox . , |b | = 26, -
8. a, b c |c | < |b |< |a|. -
.
(a + b + c ) a?
24. M, Ox
9. A, , C , AB = a, AC = b . A(1; 2; 3) B(3; 3; 2).
AO, O 25.
, a b . : A(3; 0; 1), B(1; 4; 1), C(5; 2; 3), D(0; 5; 4).
10. M K BC CD - AO, O -
ABCD. AC , AM = a, AK = b . BCD.
11. a b , 26.
a + b a b ? 3 4
a = 3 1
--- ; --- ; --- , b = 3
--- ; 6; --- c = 9 9
--- ; --- ; 1 ?
12. A, B, C , AB = a, AC = b , 7 2 4 2 3 8 2
AD . e, -
27. : a = {3; 2; 1}, b = {1; 1; 2}, c =
AD.
= {2; 1; 3}. d = {11; 6; 5} -
13. A(1; 3), B(2; 4) C(5; 14). :
a, b , c .
) | AB + AC |; ) | AB AC |.
28. ABCA1B1C1 CB1 -
14. X Y a = {X; 2; 5} b = M CM : MB1 = 2 : 3. -
= {1; Y; 4} ?
AM AA1, AB, AC .
15. p ,
q = {3; 4}, , p Ox 29. ABCDA1B1C1D1
| p | = 10. : |AA1| = 12, |AB| = 3, |AD| = 4. e ,
134 135
AC1, i ,
j , k. i , j , k AD,
1. ab = ba.
AB AA1.
2. (a)b = (ab ), .
30. , M1 M2 -
3. (a + b )c = ac + bc .
ADB BDC ABCD.
4. aa = |a|2 > 0, a ; aa = 0, a
| AC | : | M1M2|.
.
31. , -
b a ( a b )
1, 2, 3 , -
. -
. a b = |b | cos = ab
------ .
a
32. OM
O(0; 0: 1) M(; ; 3). - -
, OM . a = X1 i + Y1 j + Z1k, b = X2 i + Y2 j + Z2k. -
x2 + y2 + (z 1)2 = 5?
33. a = i 2 j + 3k b = ab = X1X2 + Y1Y2 + Z1Z2.
= 3 i + 6 j k ?
-
34. a, b = {1; 8; 4}, a b |a| = 3. a b
35. : A(0; 0; 0), B(1; 2; 0),
C(2; 0; 3). AC BD. X1X2 + Y1Y2 + Z1Z2 = 0.
36. x, a = {cos 2x;
a b
cos 3x} b = {sin 4x; sin 5x} .
X X +Y Y +Z Z
cos = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 1 2 1 2
-.
2 2 2 2 2 2
X1 + Y1 + Z1 X2 + Y2 + Z2
2. 1. 2 a 1
--- b ,
2
. - a = {4; 2; 4}, b = { 2 ; 2 ; 0}.
, -
. , 2. z a = {6; 0; 12} b = {8; 13; z}
?
ab = |a| |b | cos , 3. a + b a b , -
|a| = 2, |b | = 1, (a, b ) = 60.
a b . ,
4. p q , -
ab
cos = ------------ .
a b 2 p + q = a,
p + 2q = b ,
() ,
. a b a = {1; 1}, b = {1; 1}.
136 137
AC1, i ,
j , k. i , j , k AD,
1. ab = ba.
AB AA1.
2. (a)b = (ab ), .
30. , M1 M2 -
3. (a + b )c = ac + bc .
ADB BDC ABCD.
4. aa = |a|2 > 0, a ; aa = 0, a
| AC | : | M1M2|.
.
31. , -
b a ( a b )
1, 2, 3 , -
. -
. a b = |b | cos = ab
------ .
a
32. OM
O(0; 0: 1) M(; ; 3). - -
, OM . a = X1 i + Y1 j + Z1k, b = X2 i + Y2 j + Z2k. -
x2 + y2 + (z 1)2 = 5?
33. a = i 2 j + 3k b = ab = X1X2 + Y1Y2 + Z1Z2.
= 3 i + 6 j k ?
-
34. a, b = {1; 8; 4}, a b |a| = 3. a b
35. : A(0; 0; 0), B(1; 2; 0),
C(2; 0; 3). AC BD. X1X2 + Y1Y2 + Z1Z2 = 0.
36. x, a = {cos 2x;
a b
cos 3x} b = {sin 4x; sin 5x} .
X X +Y Y +Z Z
cos = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 1 2 1 2
-.
2 2 2 2 2 2
X1 + Y1 + Z1 X2 + Y2 + Z2
2. 1. 2 a 1
--- b ,
2
. - a = {4; 2; 4}, b = { 2 ; 2 ; 0}.
, -
. , 2. z a = {6; 0; 12} b = {8; 13; z}
?
ab = |a| |b | cos , 3. a + b a b , -
|a| = 2, |b | = 1, (a, b ) = 60.
a b . ,
4. p q , -
ab
cos = ------------ .
a b 2 p + q = a,
p + 2q = b ,
() ,
. a b a = {1; 1}, b = {1; 1}.
136 137
5. , p = b (ac ) c (ab ) 19. a, b c -
a. . c , a = i +
6. a, b , c , a + b + c = 0 . , |a| = 13, + j , b = j + k.
|b | = 14, |c | = 15, ab + bc + c a. 20. xOy
7. ABC : y = --6- A B , OA i = 2 OB i =
x
A(1; 1; 0), B(1; 1; 2), C(3; 3; 1). A.
8. A(3; 2; 1), = 3, i Ox.
(3; 0; 2) C(1; 2; 5). , - 2 OA + 3 OB.
BD AC. 21. a = {X; Y; Z},
9. : A(1; 1; 2), b = {Y; 2Z; 3X} c = {2Z; 3X; Y}, a -
B(3; 4; 2) C(5; 6; 4). -
d = {1; 1; 2}, |a| = 2 3 -
B.
10. ABC a Oy .
A(1; 1; 3) B(1; 2; 5). C 22. x a = x i
Oz. - 3 j k b = 2x i + x j k , b
A z C - ?
xOy. 23. M, N, P, Q ,
11. A(1; 0), MN B PQ, MP B NQ. , MQ B NP.
B(0; 1) C(5; 5). ABC. 24. , -
12. AB = {3; 2; 2} BC = {1; 0; 2} , -
. .
AC BD. 25. AB = b AC = c , -
13. , A(2; 4; 4), B(1; 1; 3), C(2; 0; 5), ABC. b , c
D(1; 3; 4) , - , B -
. BM.
14. , A(1; 1; 1), B(1; 3; 1), C(4; 3; 1), 26. ABC :
D(4; 1; 1) . A(1; 2; 2), B(1; 4; 0), C(4; 1; 1). BM ,
. M , B.
15. b , a = {2; 1; 1} 27. ABCD :
ab = 3. D(1; 0; 0), A(3; 2; 1), B(3; 1; 5), C(4; 0; 3).
16. c , , - , ADC -
a = {2; 3; 1} b = {1; 2; 3} c (2 i ABC.
j + k) = 6. 28. ,
M1(1; 1; 2), M2(0; 3; 0) M3(2; 1; 0).
17. c , -
a = 2 j k b = i + 2 j 3k 29. ,
A(4; 0; 0) B(0; 0; 4) Oy.
Oy, |c | = 7.
30. k A(1; 0; 3), B(1; 3; 4),
18. a = {3; 1; 5} b = {1; 2; 3}. - C(1; 2; 1) D(k; 2; 5) ?
c , Oz - 31. : A(1; 2; 2), B(1; 4; 0), C(4; 1; 1)
c a = 9, c b = 4. D(5; 5; 3).
138 139
5. , p = b (ac ) c (ab ) 19. a, b c -
a. . c , a = i +
6. a, b , c , a + b + c = 0 . , |a| = 13, + j , b = j + k.
|b | = 14, |c | = 15, ab + bc + c a. 20. xOy
7. ABC : y = --6- A B , OA i = 2 OB i =
x
A(1; 1; 0), B(1; 1; 2), C(3; 3; 1). A.
8. A(3; 2; 1), = 3, i Ox.
(3; 0; 2) C(1; 2; 5). , - 2 OA + 3 OB.
BD AC. 21. a = {X; Y; Z},
9. : A(1; 1; 2), b = {Y; 2Z; 3X} c = {2Z; 3X; Y}, a -
B(3; 4; 2) C(5; 6; 4). -
d = {1; 1; 2}, |a| = 2 3 -
B.
10. ABC a Oy .
A(1; 1; 3) B(1; 2; 5). C 22. x a = x i
Oz. - 3 j k b = 2x i + x j k , b
A z C - ?
xOy. 23. M, N, P, Q ,
11. A(1; 0), MN B PQ, MP B NQ. , MQ B NP.
B(0; 1) C(5; 5). ABC. 24. , -
12. AB = {3; 2; 2} BC = {1; 0; 2} , -
. .
AC BD. 25. AB = b AC = c , -
13. , A(2; 4; 4), B(1; 1; 3), C(2; 0; 5), ABC. b , c
D(1; 3; 4) , - , B -
. BM.
14. , A(1; 1; 1), B(1; 3; 1), C(4; 3; 1), 26. ABC :
D(4; 1; 1) . A(1; 2; 2), B(1; 4; 0), C(4; 1; 1). BM ,
. M , B.
15. b , a = {2; 1; 1} 27. ABCD :
ab = 3. D(1; 0; 0), A(3; 2; 1), B(3; 1; 5), C(4; 0; 3).
16. c , , - , ADC -
a = {2; 3; 1} b = {1; 2; 3} c (2 i ABC.
j + k) = 6. 28. ,
M1(1; 1; 2), M2(0; 3; 0) M3(2; 1; 0).
17. c , -
a = 2 j k b = i + 2 j 3k 29. ,
A(4; 0; 0) B(0; 0; 4) Oy.
Oy, |c | = 7.
30. k A(1; 0; 3), B(1; 3; 4),
18. a = {3; 1; 5} b = {1; 2; 3}. - C(1; 2; 1) D(k; 2; 5) ?
c , Oz - 31. : A(1; 2; 2), B(1; 4; 0), C(4; 1; 1)
c a = 9, c b = 4. D(5; 5; 3).
138 139
) , ; 43. A(1; 2; 2), (2; 1; 3) -
) AC BD; ABC. C, -
) ABCD.
Oy, A --- .
32. , 2
A(0; 0; 0), B(1; 1; 1), C(3; 2; 1), , 44. c ,
A, B D(3; 1; 2). a = {2; 3; 1}, b = {1; 2; 3} -
33. 2x + 3y + 4z 8 = 0 4x + y + c (2 i j + k) + 6 = 0.
+ 3z 6 = 0; p , - 45. AB -
. : c = 3i 4 j 12k, A(1; 2; 1), (3; 4; 3).
) p 46. a c
xOy yOz;
a + b , a = {2; 3; 7}, b = {4; 3; 1}.
) p xOz.
47. AB
34. ABCDA1B1C1D1, AA1 C BB1 C CC1 C DD1,
a = {1; 2; 3}, A(1; 2; 0), B(2; 0; 3).
12. B Oxyz,
48. a = i + 2 k , -
A, C B1 Ox, Oy, Oz -
.
( ). AA1, B1C1 CD
49. a = {5; 4} a1 = {1; 2}
E, F1, G , AE : EA1 = 1 : 3, B1F1 : F1C1 = a2 = {2; 3}.
= 1 : 1, CG : GD = 1 : 1.
) E, F1 G;
) EF1G;
) B1 EF1G.
35. a = {3; 6; 2} b = {2; 2; 1}.
36. a = i + 2 j + 5k , b = 7k, c = i 4 j + 8k.
cos (a b , c ).
37. a, b = {3; 6; 6}
ab = 27.
38. a b = 2
------- , |a| = 3, |b | = 4. -
3
(a + b )2.
39. a = {1; 1; } b = {; 8; 3},
, .
40. AB ABC
c. AB AC + BC BA + CA CB .
41. A(a; 3; 1) (1; 5; 2).
a , AB Ox, 2
--- ?
3
42. a = 2n m, b = m n,
, |m| = 2, |n| = 1, (m, n) = --- .
3
140 141
) , ; 43. A(1; 2; 2), (2; 1; 3) -
) AC BD; ABC. C, -
) ABCD.
Oy, A --- .
32. , 2
A(0; 0; 0), B(1; 1; 1), C(3; 2; 1), , 44. c ,
A, B D(3; 1; 2). a = {2; 3; 1}, b = {1; 2; 3} -
33. 2x + 3y + 4z 8 = 0 4x + y + c (2 i j + k) + 6 = 0.
+ 3z 6 = 0; p , - 45. AB -
. : c = 3i 4 j 12k, A(1; 2; 1), (3; 4; 3).
) p 46. a c
xOy yOz;
a + b , a = {2; 3; 7}, b = {4; 3; 1}.
) p xOz.
47. AB
34. ABCDA1B1C1D1, AA1 C BB1 C CC1 C DD1,
a = {1; 2; 3}, A(1; 2; 0), B(2; 0; 3).
12. B Oxyz,
48. a = i + 2 k , -
A, C B1 Ox, Oy, Oz -
.
( ). AA1, B1C1 CD
49. a = {5; 4} a1 = {1; 2}
E, F1, G , AE : EA1 = 1 : 3, B1F1 : F1C1 = a2 = {2; 3}.
= 1 : 1, CG : GD = 1 : 1.
) E, F1 G;
) EF1G;
) B1 EF1G.
35. a = {3; 6; 2} b = {2; 2; 1}.
36. a = i + 2 j + 5k , b = 7k, c = i 4 j + 8k.
cos (a b , c ).
37. a, b = {3; 6; 6}
ab = 27.
38. a b = 2
------- , |a| = 3, |b | = 4. -
3
(a + b )2.
39. a = {1; 1; } b = {; 8; 3},
, .
40. AB ABC
c. AB AC + BC BA + CA CB .
41. A(a; 3; 1) (1; 5; 2).
a , AB Ox, 2
--- ?
3
42. a = 2n m, b = m n,
, |m| = 2, |n| = 1, (m, n) = --- .
3
140 141
VIII 1.
1. M AB. , :
) CM = 1
--- |AC BC|, C AB;
2
) CM = 1
--- |AC + BC|, C AB,
2
AB.
a, b, c ABC; A, B, C - 2. A ,
C. , : ) O
; p = 1
--- (a + b + c) - ; ) AB = AC; ) OAB = OBC.
2
; r R - 3. ABCD
; S ABC. - AC AD. , BC < BD.
: 4. , ,
: , -
.
a b c 5. , -
-------------- = -------------- = -------------- . (1)
sin A sin B sin C .
6. a b (a > b) . -
:
, , -
a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A. (2) , , 1
--- (a b).
2
ABC: 7. -
. , -
S= 1
--- ah, (3) ,
2
.
h , BC; 8. ABCD M
CB, N CD. ,
S= 1
--- ab sin C; (4) AM AN BD .
2
9. , -
, -
S= 1
--- rp; (5)
2 .
10. O -
S = abc
---------- ; (6) , . ,
4R O , -
.
S= p ( p a ) ( p b ) ( p c ) ( ). (7)
11. , , -
R , S , L - ,
. .
12. p , S ,
S = R2; (8)
r . , r = S
--- .
L = 2R. (9) p
142 143
VIII 1.
1. M AB. , :
) CM = 1
--- |AC BC|, C AB;
2
) CM = 1
--- |AC + BC|, C AB,
2
AB.
a, b, c ABC; A, B, C - 2. A ,
C. , : ) O
; p = 1
--- (a + b + c) - ; ) AB = AC; ) OAB = OBC.
2
; r R - 3. ABCD
; S ABC. - AC AD. , BC < BD.
: 4. , ,
: , -
.
a b c 5. , -
-------------- = -------------- = -------------- . (1)
sin A sin B sin C .
6. a b (a > b) . -
:
, , -
a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A. (2) , , 1
--- (a b).
2
ABC: 7. -
. , -
S= 1
--- ah, (3) ,
2
.
h , BC; 8. ABCD M
CB, N CD. ,
S= 1
--- ab sin C; (4) AM AN BD .
2
9. , -
, -
S= 1
--- rp; (5)
2 .
10. O -
S = abc
---------- ; (6) , . ,
4R O , -
.
S= p ( p a ) ( p b ) ( p c ) ( ). (7)
11. , , -
R , S , L - ,
. .
12. p , S ,
S = R2; (8)
r . , r = S
--- .
L = 2R. (9) p
142 143
13. a, b, c , S 2. , -
, R . , , .
3. A B ,
R = abc
---------- .
4S p. p -
14. , , A B -
- .
. 4. , -
15. A, , .
, , - 5. ABC B D.
, B, BD.
C D, C A D. - 6. .
, AD AC = AB2. 7. a b. , -
16. , -
: ) ab ; ) a 2 ab + b 2 ; ) a 2 2ab + 4b 2 .
, -
8. , .
.
9. , -
17. MNPQ, -
.
-
10. O A, -
F. , F
NP, MQ H. , FH - , .
MFQ. ) , -
18. AB BC ABC A.
ABDE BCKF. , DF = 2BP, BP ) A , -
ABC. C , AC = 2AB ( B
19. AB CD ABCD A C).
( ). , , 11. -
, - .
. 12. A ,
20. a b , d1 p.
) , A
2 2
d2 . , d 1 + d 2 = 2(a2 + b2). p.
21. , , ) C p , ABC -
, .
, . 13. ,
22. , , - , , -
, . .
2. 3.
1. A, , 1. ABC , AB = c = 13 , BC = a =
, A , - = 14 , AC = b = 15 . : )
. ; ) S; ) hb -
144 145
13. a, b, c , S 2. , -
, R . , , .
3. A B ,
R = abc
---------- .
4S p. p -
14. , , A B -
- .
. 4. , -
15. A, , .
, , - 5. ABC B D.
, B, BD.
C D, C A D. - 6. .
, AD AC = AB2. 7. a b. , -
16. , -
: ) ab ; ) a 2 ab + b 2 ; ) a 2 2ab + 4b 2 .
, -
8. , .
.
9. , -
17. MNPQ, -
.
-
10. O A, -
F. , F
NP, MQ H. , FH - , .
MFQ. ) , -
18. AB BC ABC A.
ABDE BCKF. , DF = 2BP, BP ) A , -
ABC. C , AC = 2AB ( B
19. AB CD ABCD A C).
( ). , , 11. -
, - .
. 12. A ,
20. a b , d1 p.
) , A
2 2
d2 . , d 1 + d 2 = 2(a2 + b2). p.
21. , , ) C p , ABC -
, .
, . 13. ,
22. , , - , , -
, . .
2. 3.
1. A, , 1. ABC , AB = c = 13 , BC = a =
, A , - = 14 , AC = b = 15 . : )
. ; ) S; ) hb -
144 145
BD; ) r ; ) - 13. , -
R ; ) lb 13, 14 15, 5.
BE B (E AC); ) mb BF; ) , -
; ) - .
G - 14. ,
. r, ,
2. , , R.
a, 30 45. 15. 75
3. : 6 3 . 100 . ,
, - , ,
, , - . -
. , .
4. 3 : 2, 16. AB ABC M ,
, 2 AM : MB = 1 : 1. CM, AC = 6, BC = 4, ACB = 120.
. . 17. , -
5. ABC , AB = BC, O - , -
. ABC, OB = AC. 15 6 . .
6. 120 18. ABC , AB = 2 , BD -
, a, . , BD = 1 , BDA = 30. ABC.
. 19. , -
7. - , S.
, , - 20. b c. -
5 3 , . - .
. 21. ABC : AB = 3 , AC = 5 , BAC =
8. - = 120. BD, AD
, - CD.
, 2 3. - 22. ABC , B : C = 1 : 3, -
. BAC
9. 15 20 . 2 : 1. .
, 23. ABC A -
. B; AC = b, AB = c. BC.
10. , , 24. ABC , -
- , a -
. b. -
11. 4 . ABC.
- 25. ABC , AB = BC,
6 8 . . AD CE . -
12. ADB.
10 , 12 . , - 26. ABC : AC = 13 , AB + BC = 22 ,
, , - ABC = 60. AB BC.
- 27. , -
. . 3 4 , 4 . -
146 147
BD; ) r ; ) - 13. , -
R ; ) lb 13, 14 15, 5.
BE B (E AC); ) mb BF; ) , -
; ) - .
G - 14. ,
. r, ,
2. , , R.
a, 30 45. 15. 75
3. : 6 3 . 100 . ,
, - , ,
, , - . -
. , .
4. 3 : 2, 16. AB ABC M ,
, 2 AM : MB = 1 : 1. CM, AC = 6, BC = 4, ACB = 120.
. . 17. , -
5. ABC , AB = BC, O - , -
. ABC, OB = AC. 15 6 . .
6. 120 18. ABC , AB = 2 , BD -
, a, . , BD = 1 , BDA = 30. ABC.
. 19. , -
7. - , S.
, , - 20. b c. -
5 3 , . - .
. 21. ABC : AB = 3 , AC = 5 , BAC =
8. - = 120. BD, AD
, - CD.
, 2 3. - 22. ABC , B : C = 1 : 3, -
. BAC
9. 15 20 . 2 : 1. .
, 23. ABC A -
. B; AC = b, AB = c. BC.
10. , , 24. ABC , -
- , a -
. b. -
11. 4 . ABC.
- 25. ABC , AB = BC,
6 8 . . AD CE . -
12. ADB.
10 , 12 . , - 26. ABC : AC = 13 , AB + BC = 22 ,
, , - ABC = 60. AB BC.
- 27. , -
. . 3 4 , 4 . -
146 147
, , 40. ABCD (AD C BC) : AD = a, BC = b, O
, . -
. AOD.
28. a b - 41. , 60, ,
. . -
, - r. .
. 42. R, , -
29. - , r. .
. - 43. R 2R.
,
. A , . -
30. , 2R 3 . -
10 26 , -
, , -
.
, -
31. 30, -
, .
.
44. AE A ABCD
, 10 ,
ABE (AB = BE) AECD.
8 .
, ECD, 1,5
32. ,
, ABE.
a = 28 b = 16 , c = 25 d = 17 .
ECD ABE.
33. , -
45. R ,
a b (a > b), -
, .
.
r. .
34. 2
46. ABC
20 2. .
AC BC M N
35. r -
BD P Q.
ABCD; E K
. AB - PQM PQN, A = --- , B = --- .
4 3
AD 60. ABE.
36. , - 47. 2 1
, 4 8 , A. 2 .
. AC -
37. 21 B .
9 , 8 . - AC.
, . 48.
38. , AD , 6 . -
ABCD , - ?
AB CD BC. 49.
. 45 4 -
39. a b. - ?
, , - 50. ABC AC
. , a. D
148 149
, , 40. ABCD (AD C BC) : AD = a, BC = b, O
, . -
. AOD.
28. a b - 41. , 60, ,
. . -
, - r. .
. 42. R, , -
29. - , r. .
. - 43. R 2R.
,
. A , . -
30. , 2R 3 . -
10 26 , -
, , -
.
, -
31. 30, -
, .
.
44. AE A ABCD
, 10 ,
ABE (AB = BE) AECD.
8 .
, ECD, 1,5
32. ,
, ABE.
a = 28 b = 16 , c = 25 d = 17 .
ECD ABE.
33. , -
45. R ,
a b (a > b), -
, .
.
r. .
34. 2
46. ABC
20 2. .
AC BC M N
35. r -
BD P Q.
ABCD; E K
. AB - PQM PQN, A = --- , B = --- .
4 3
AD 60. ABE.
36. , - 47. 2 1
, 4 8 , A. 2 .
. AC -
37. 21 B .
9 , 8 . - AC.
, . 48.
38. , AD , 6 . -
ABCD , - ?
AB CD BC. 49.
. 45 4 -
39. a b. - ?
, , - 50. ABC AC
. , a. D
148 149
BM 61. R
BM A, B A, C. -
C. MD. ABC, AB, AC, BC .
51. - 62. , 3, 4 5,
, A, C. -
. ABC, -
? AB, BC CA .
52. , - 63. ABC M AC -
, , AM : MC = 3 : 1, N BC
BN : NC = 3 : 2, F AN BM. -
, 10.
: ) S1 ABF S
53. , , -
ABC; ) S1 ABF
, 5, 2 6 , 5. S2 BFN.
.
64. , ABC,
54. - AB M. MB 3, -
. -
. B arccos 2
--- . MC
3
55. a = 5, b = 8 AB. .
, --- . ,
3
.
56. -
ABC (AB = BC), AC -
A BC D. -
, 2 BD = CD.
57. r.
, 4
--- r.
3
58. R r .
AB A .
AB.
59. , R r, -
. AB A .
, -
, AB.
60. OA OB R Ox Oy. -
AB R O OC
R A, C -
. ,
, OB -
OC BC.
150 151
BM 61. R
BM A, B A, C. -
C. MD. ABC, AB, AC, BC .
51. - 62. , 3, 4 5,
, A, C. -
. ABC, -
? AB, BC CA .
52. , - 63. ABC M AC -
, , AM : MC = 3 : 1, N BC
BN : NC = 3 : 2, F AN BM. -
, 10.
: ) S1 ABF S
53. , , -
ABC; ) S1 ABF
, 5, 2 6 , 5. S2 BFN.
.
64. , ABC,
54. - AB M. MB 3, -
. -
. B arccos 2
--- . MC
3
55. a = 5, b = 8 AB. .
, --- . ,
3
.
56. -
ABC (AB = BC), AC -
A BC D. -
, 2 BD = CD.
57. r.
, 4
--- r.
3
58. R r .
AB A .
AB.
59. , R r, -
. AB A .
, -
, AB.
60. OA OB R Ox Oy. -
AB R O OC
R A, C -
. ,
, OB -
OC BC.
150 151
IX AB
l, B
l
B1
O (. 9):
S = 2Rh, (8) R
h
O
R , h = A1B1
A A1
AB .
( . 9
):
S S = 4R2, (9)
S1 :
R .
S1 = S cos , (1)
.
:
:
S = Pl, (2)
V = abc, (10)
P , l -
. a, b, c .
: :
V = Sh, (11)
S= 1
--- Ph, (3)
2
S , ,
P , h . h .
:
: V = Sl, (12)
S = 2Rh, S = 2R(R + h), (4)
S , l
R , h . .
:
:
S = Rl, S = R(R + l), (5) V= 1
--- Sh, (13)
3
R , l . S , -
: , h .
S = (R + r)l, (6) :
R r , l V= 1
--- (S + s + Ss )h, (14)
B 3
.
AB - S s , h -
a l, (. 8): .
r l
:
S = 2Rra, (7)
A V = R2h, (15)
a , r
. 8 . R , h .
152 153
IX AB
l, B
l
B1
O (. 9):
S = 2Rh, (8) R
h
O
R , h = A1B1
A A1
AB .
( . 9
):
S S = 4R2, (9)
S1 :
R .
S1 = S cos , (1)
.
:
:
S = Pl, (2)
V = abc, (10)
P , l -
. a, b, c .
: :
V = Sh, (11)
S= 1
--- Ph, (3)
2
S , ,
P , h . h .
:
: V = Sl, (12)
S = 2Rh, S = 2R(R + h), (4)
S , l
R , h . .
:
:
S = Rl, S = R(R + l), (5) V= 1
--- Sh, (13)
3
R , l . S , -
: , h .
S = (R + r)l, (6) :
R r , l V= 1
--- (S + s + Ss )h, (14)
B 3
.
AB - S s , h -
a l, (. 8): .
r l
:
S = 2Rra, (7)
A V = R2h, (15)
a , r
. 8 . R , h .
152 153
: 6. l -
. -
V= 1
--- R2h, (16) ,
3
S.
R , h . 7. -
: .
. -
V= 1
--- (R2 + r2 + Rr)h, (17)
3 , V.
8. b,
R r , h . . -
: .
V= 4
--- R3, (18) .
3 9. ABCDA1B1C1D1. M
R . A1B1, N ABB1A1. -
MD CN.
10. ABCDA1B1C1D1. -
1. . . BCB1 BC1M, M AD.
11. ABCDA1B1C1D1 a. P -
1. - CC1, Q AA1B1B. MN
. -
AD A1B1 PQ -
-
, 4 3 . . .
2. , 12. -
, , , l,
. . .
? 13.
3. AB AC - , p, .
, -
, . .
. . 14. -
4. A B ABCD -
8l , M CD - . -
. AC BD - S. -
O. - .
AOB , 15. ABCA1B1C1, -
ADB = . BB1 = 2AC. E F AA1B1B
5. A B ABC CC1B1B, P ABC, Q
, h, C
CC1. EF PQ.
, m (h > m).
ABC 16.
? ABCA1B1C1 a. M N -
154 155
: 6. l -
. -
V= 1
--- R2h, (16) ,
3
S.
R , h . 7. -
: .
. -
V= 1
--- (R2 + r2 + Rr)h, (17)
3 , V.
8. b,
R r , h . . -
: .
V= 4
--- R3, (18) .
3 9. ABCDA1B1C1D1. M
R . A1B1, N ABB1A1. -
MD CN.
10. ABCDA1B1C1D1. -
1. . . BCB1 BC1M, M AD.
11. ABCDA1B1C1D1 a. P -
1. - CC1, Q AA1B1B. MN
. -
AD A1B1 PQ -
-
, 4 3 . . .
2. , 12. -
, , , l,
. . .
? 13.
3. AB AC - , p, .
, -
, . .
. . 14. -
4. A B ABCD -
8l , M CD - . -
. AC BD - S. -
O. - .
AOB , 15. ABCA1B1C1, -
ADB = . BB1 = 2AC. E F AA1B1B
5. A B ABC CC1B1B, P ABC, Q
, h, C
CC1. EF PQ.
, m (h > m).
ABC 16.
? ABCA1B1C1 a. M N -
154 155
MNPQ , C1 B, 26. SABC -
Q A1C. . , a. SA -
17. . SBC
.
ABCA1B1C1 3, 4 3 . - ,
, - .
ABC A1B1C1. 27. C -
ABC , SABC
AB1 SA.
. . , 2
--- .
18. ABC 3
ABCA1B1C1 a. M N - .
AC A1B1. MN BA1 28. ,
, -
a
----------
- . . . -
2 6 .
19. SABC a. 29. ) SABC , ASB = , ASC =
SA BC. = , BSC = . AS A.
20. , - , cos = cos cos + sin sin cos A ( -
- ).
- )
k. ,
21. - .
, l. 30. h,
. , -
22. - , 2. .
, b. - 31.
, - . -
. , , ,
23. , 1 : 2, 1 : 2
V - 2 : 1, .
.
32. 1
--- -
24. , 6
, , -
, a. - . .
. 33.
25. a . -
ABCA1B1C1 , .
a b (a > b). - 34. -
. - SABCD 2, 2 . -
AB1C1CB. SA BD.
156 157
MNPQ , C1 B, 26. SABC -
Q A1C. . , a. SA -
17. . SBC
.
ABCA1B1C1 3, 4 3 . - ,
, - .
ABC A1B1C1. 27. C -
ABC , SABC
AB1 SA.
. . , 2
--- .
18. ABC 3
ABCA1B1C1 a. M N - .
AC A1B1. MN BA1 28. ,
, -
a
----------
- . . . -
2 6 .
19. SABC a. 29. ) SABC , ASB = , ASC =
SA BC. = , BSC = . AS A.
20. , - , cos = cos cos + sin sin cos A ( -
- ).
- )
k. ,
21. - .
, l. 30. h,
. , -
22. - , 2. .
, b. - 31.
, - . -
. , , ,
23. , 1 : 2, 1 : 2
V - 2 : 1, .
.
32. 1
--- -
24. , 6
, , -
, a. - . .
. 33.
25. a . -
ABCA1B1C1 , .
a b (a > b). - 34. -
. - SABCD 2, 2 . -
AB1C1CB. SA BD.
156 157
35. - AA1, BB1, CC1, DD1,
, a, A1, B1, C1, D1 AS, BS, CS, DS
. . , AS, BS, CS, DS
36. - 8, AA1 2. ,
, l, - SABCD.
, , 45. S, 6,
. , .
37. AA1, BB1, CC1,
a, A1, B1, C1 AS, BS, CS .
.
, SA : SA1 = 4 : 3, AA1 3. -
.
, -
38. MABCD ABCD, -
SABC, BS CS
AC , a. DM -
12.
46. S, 3
DM = k. , -
9, , .
, ,
-
DM MB MBC = ABM.
AA1, BB1, CC1, DD1, EE1 A1, B1, C1, D1, E1
39. ,
6 8 . AS, BS, CS, DS, ES . -
, 1 . - , AS, BS, CS, DS, ES 6 3 . -
. , SABCDE.
40. SABCD . SA 47. S, O,
. m - ,
. -
SO , arcsin ------3- .
SCD SBC . 8
41. SABCD - AA1, BB1, CC1,
S , SO A1, B1, C1 AS, BS, CS .
. - , SO 4 .
, SAB ,
, ASO = BSO = . SABC.
42. - 48. -
. -
- 1
--- . -
3
. , h.
43. SABCD 49. -
SA ABCD . ,
SA SBC. - l.
. 50.
44. S, 4, - . -
, . - , a.
158 159
35. - AA1, BB1, CC1, DD1,
, a, A1, B1, C1, D1 AS, BS, CS, DS
. . , AS, BS, CS, DS
36. - 8, AA1 2. ,
, l, - SABCD.
, , 45. S, 6,
. , .
37. AA1, BB1, CC1,
a, A1, B1, C1 AS, BS, CS .
.
, SA : SA1 = 4 : 3, AA1 3. -
.
, -
38. MABCD ABCD, -
SABC, BS CS
AC , a. DM -
12.
46. S, 3
DM = k. , -
9, , .
, ,
-
DM MB MBC = ABM.
AA1, BB1, CC1, DD1, EE1 A1, B1, C1, D1, E1
39. ,
6 8 . AS, BS, CS, DS, ES . -
, 1 . - , AS, BS, CS, DS, ES 6 3 . -
. , SABCDE.
40. SABCD . SA 47. S, O,
. m - ,
. -
SO , arcsin ------3- .
SCD SBC . 8
41. SABCD - AA1, BB1, CC1,
S , SO A1, B1, C1 AS, BS, CS .
. - , SO 4 .
, SAB ,
, ASO = BSO = . SABC.
42. - 48. -
. -
- 1
--- . -
3
. , h.
43. SABCD 49. -
SA ABCD . ,
SA SBC. - l.
. 50.
44. S, 4, - . -
, . - , a.
158 159
51. 57. , -
( 2 1). , ,
, - , .
p. .
52. PABC 58. ,
, , -
30 , . -
----------- ABC 8. -
3 ,
P - .
AB. P - 59. ,
, AB. - , ,
. , .
53. PABC - -
ABC, P
.
AB. -
60. PA PABC
arctg ------2- . M , MA : MP = 2 : 1. ,
5
M AB, AC -
S AB - L ,
, - 5 : 4. LC : LA.
. , 61. ABCA1B1C1,
.
AC = 6, AA1 = 8. A , -
54. PABC 7
BB1 CC1 M N. -
ABC -
, -
, 16. P -
, BM = MB1 AN CAC1?
AB. S -
, - 62. SABC -
AB. ABC a,
. . , -
55. PABC - S AB -
ABC, P - .
AB. - 63. -
10 k. , -
arctg ----------
-. .
12
P AB ,
, - .
. , 64. -
. l,
56. , - .
, , , .
, . - .
- 65. -
. a, -
160 161
51. 57. , -
( 2 1). , ,
, - , .
p. .
52. PABC 58. ,
, , -
30 , . -
----------- ABC 8. -
3 ,
P - .
AB. P - 59. ,
, AB. - , ,
. , .
53. PABC - -
ABC, P
.
AB. -
60. PA PABC
arctg ------2- . M , MA : MP = 2 : 1. ,
5
M AB, AC -
S AB - L ,
, - 5 : 4. LC : LA.
. , 61. ABCA1B1C1,
.
AC = 6, AA1 = 8. A , -
54. PABC 7
BB1 CC1 M N. -
ABC -
, -
, 16. P -
, BM = MB1 AN CAC1?
AB. S -
, - 62. SABC -
AB. ABC a,
. . , -
55. PABC - S AB -
ABC, P - .
AB. - 63. -
10 k. , -
arctg ----------
-. .
12
P AB ,
, - .
. , 64. -
. l,
56. , - .
, , , .
, . - .
- 65. -
. a, -
160 161
. , - 73. ,
,
, . ,
. . ,
66. a.
. - 74. ,
r. , - , -
,
. , 4.
67. H R , b.
, 75. ,
, - ,
. - , -
, ? - , -
. 2. , -
68. - 4.
. , 76. ,
r. , -
,
, - . , -
. - H.
? 77. DABC
69. - ABC, ABC = 90, AB = 5,
, - BC = 12. DC 9 -
. - . -
, .
1
--- . 78. DKLM -
3 KLM, KLM = 90, KL = 15,
70. , KM = 17. DM -
. . ,
, - DLM = 60.
1 79. DPQR -
----------
-.
2 3 PQR, PQR = 90, PQ = 9,
71. , QR = 12. DR -
. - . ,
, DPR = 45.
. 80. PFKD -
72. , FKD, FKD = 90, FD = 20,
. FDK = 30. ,
, , PD 10 -
2 . .
162 163
. , - 73. ,
,
, . ,
. . ,
66. a.
. - 74. ,
r. , - , -
,
. , 4.
67. H R , b.
, 75. ,
, - ,
. - , -
, ? - , -
. 2. , -
68. - 4.
. , 76. ,
r. , -
,
, - . , -
. - H.
? 77. DABC
69. - ABC, ABC = 90, AB = 5,
, - BC = 12. DC 9 -
. - . -
, .
1
--- . 78. DKLM -
3 KLM, KLM = 90, KL = 15,
70. , KM = 17. DM -
. . ,
, - DLM = 60.
1 79. DPQR -
----------
-.
2 3 PQR, PQR = 90, PQ = 9,
71. , QR = 12. DR -
. - . ,
, DPR = 45.
. 80. PFKD -
72. , FKD, FKD = 90, FD = 20,
. FDK = 30. ,
, , PD 10 -
2 . .
162 163
81. 1. , , -
L, S0. , a
. . .
2. ,
S0 = 3 L = 10.
, -
82. -
b, . -
b, , ,
.
r. . -
3. S,
b = 7 r = 1. . .
83. 4. , -
L, , a. , -
, r. . , -
L = 36 r = 3. .
.
84. -
5. , , -
S, , -
,
, R. .
.
S = 9 3 R = 2. .
6.
. -
2. a. -
, -
, Ox - .
a m x m b, 0 m y m y(x), y(x) - 7. ,
, a. , -
b .
Vx = y (x) dx.
2
8. ABC ADC -
a AC, b. -
, - , ABCDA -
Ox a m x m b, y1(x) m y m y2(x) y1(x) AC, ACB = , ACD = ( > ).
y2(x) , 9. a, -
b
, -
2 2 . , -
V= [ y 2 (x) y 1 (x)] dx. -
a
.
[a; b] f(x) - 10. , y = x2 y2 = x,
f(x), P , - .
Ox, .
b 11. , -
2
P = 2 f(x) 1 + f ( x ) dx. ,
a y2 = x, y = 0, y = 1, x = 0.
164 165
81. 1. , , -
L, S0. , a
. . .
2. ,
S0 = 3 L = 10.
, -
82. -
b, . -
b, , ,
.
r. . -
3. S,
b = 7 r = 1. . .
83. 4. , -
L, , a. , -
, r. . , -
L = 36 r = 3. .
.
84. -
5. , , -
S, , -
,
, R. .
.
S = 9 3 R = 2. .
6.
. -
2. a. -
, -
, Ox - .
a m x m b, 0 m y m y(x), y(x) - 7. ,
, a. , -
b .
Vx = y (x) dx.
2
8. ABC ADC -
a AC, b. -
, - , ABCDA -
Ox a m x m b, y1(x) m y m y2(x) y1(x) AC, ACB = , ACD = ( > ).
y2(x) , 9. a, -
b
, -
2 2 . , -
V= [ y 2 (x) y 1 (x)] dx. -
a
.
[a; b] f(x) - 10. , y = x2 y2 = x,
f(x), P , - .
Ox, .
b 11. , -
2
P = 2 f(x) 1 + f ( x ) dx. ,
a y2 = x, y = 0, y = 1, x = 0.
164 165
12. , - , .
, -
: . .
) y = ||x 1| 2|, x = 0, x = 3, y = 0; 3. SABC -
) y = |x 1| |x + 1|, x = 2, x = 2, y = 0; ABC , AB = AC = a, ABC = . AS -
) y = x|x 2|, x = 0, x = 3, y = 0; ,
) y = x2 3|x| + 2, x = 1, x = 2, y = 0; BSC
SAC = SAB.
) y = 1 x , x = 3, x = 1, y = 0.
KSLC, , K L AS
13. , - BS , KSL ABS -
. 4 : 25.
4.
? , -
14. H R , -
, - .
, - , , -
. - 2 , -
, ? r.
. 5. , -
15. r h - ,
, R , - l,
. .
16. , 6. , -
R. l
17. , .
R ( 7. -
). . -
18. R , -
, . ,
, - r.
? . 8. a -
. , -
. .
3. 9. ,
. -
1. V. , . -
- .
10.
, W. - c, ,
, V > 3W. , a b. -
2. , a, - -
, , -
166 167
12. , - , .
, -
: . .
) y = ||x 1| 2|, x = 0, x = 3, y = 0; 3. SABC -
) y = |x 1| |x + 1|, x = 2, x = 2, y = 0; ABC , AB = AC = a, ABC = . AS -
) y = x|x 2|, x = 0, x = 3, y = 0; ,
) y = x2 3|x| + 2, x = 1, x = 2, y = 0; BSC
SAC = SAB.
) y = 1 x , x = 3, x = 1, y = 0.
KSLC, , K L AS
13. , - BS , KSL ABS -
. 4 : 25.
4.
? , -
14. H R , -
, - .
, - , , -
. - 2 , -
, ? r.
. 5. , -
15. r h - ,
, R , - l,
. .
16. , 6. , -
R. l
17. , .
R ( 7. -
). . -
18. R , -
, . ,
, - r.
? . 8. a -
. , -
. .
3. 9. ,
. -
1. V. , . -
- .
10.
, W. - c, ,
, V > 3W. , a b. -
2. , a, - -
, , -
166 167
, . 19. -
, - h, , ,
- r. -
. . , -
11.
, h. .
, . 20. 1. -
12. , - , .
h, , a, 21. a -
, . - . -
. . , .
, . 22. -
13. , - a, . -
, - , .
a, 23. -
. , ,
14. , S. -
. - .
. , - 24.
R. . , , -
15. - , R.
, , , - .
, V, , 25. -
, . - , -
. m : n.
16. , - .
, 26. ,
3 : 4. - , -
. a, 2.
17. SABCD - 27. R . -
ABCD, AB C CD, BC C AD, AB = 3, BC = 4. . .
- 28. -
. - . , -
BS CS, , , , -
6,5. .
18. - , -
, b, r.
. , 29.
, , , , ,
. -
, . .
168 169
, . 19. -
, - h, , ,
- r. -
. . , -
11.
, h. .
, . 20. 1. -
12. , - , .
h, , a, 21. a -
, . - . -
. . , .
, . 22. -
13. , - a, . -
, - , .
a, 23. -
. , ,
14. , S. -
. - .
. , - 24.
R. . , , -
15. - , R.
, , , - .
, V, , 25. -
, . - , -
. m : n.
16. , - .
, 26. ,
3 : 4. - , -
. a, 2.
17. SABCD - 27. R . -
ABCD, AB C CD, BC C AD, AB = 3, BC = 4. . .
- 28. -
. - . , -
BS CS, , , , -
6,5. .
18. - , -
, b, r.
. , 29.
, , , , ,
. -
, . .
168 169
30. - A BD -
, - , AB
.
--- . .
31. , 6
a - 40.
. SABCD ABCD, a.
?
32. . AD BC
q. . a
E F , AE = 2a
------- CF = --- .
33. . 3 3
, l, - ,
. . . .
, - 41. ,
. V, .
34. R - ?
, - 42. A1B1 AD ABCDA1B1C1D1,
3 : 7, AA1 C BB1 C CC1 C DD1, 5,
. , .
M N , B1M : MA1 = 1 : 2 DN : NA = 1 : 3.
35. R
, - ,
. , - MN C1D1.
. 43. PABC
36. - h, r = 3 ,
ABC. , , - , -
r, AC , 2. - ABC . -
, BC, .
, - 44. -
. . a. H.
37. -
, - , -
. - . -
, , . -
? 11
38. - : ) a = ------
- , H = 3; ) a = 7, H = 3; ) a = 9 3 ,
3
, r.
H = 6.
-
45. B -
, -
, k,
.
. -
,
.
. -
39. SABCD
, ,
ABCD a, 2a 2 . .
170 171
30. - A BD -
, - , AB
.
--- . .
31. , 6
a - 40.
. SABCD ABCD, a.
?
32. . AD BC
q. . a
E F , AE = 2a
------- CF = --- .
33. . 3 3
, l, - ,
. . . .
, - 41. ,
. V, .
34. R - ?
, - 42. A1B1 AD ABCDA1B1C1D1,
3 : 7, AA1 C BB1 C CC1 C DD1, 5,
. , .
M N , B1M : MA1 = 1 : 2 DN : NA = 1 : 3.
35. R
, - ,
. , - MN C1D1.
. 43. PABC
36. - h, r = 3 ,
ABC. , , - , -
r, AC , 2. - ABC . -
, BC, .
, - 44. -
. . a. H.
37. -
, - , -
. - . -
, , . -
? 11
38. - : ) a = ------
- , H = 3; ) a = 7, H = 3; ) a = 9 3 ,
3
, r.
H = 6.
-
45. B -
, -
, k,
.
. -
,
.
. -
39. SABCD
, ,
ABCD a, 2a 2 . .
170 171
46. - S, 6,
a ABCD ( ).
. ,
, - SABCD.
, 52. SABC -
. ABC 6. ,
, - S, 3, -
. ABC ( ).
47. H
a. , , SABC.
- 53. SABCD
, ABCD 4. ,
, - S, 4, -
. - ABCD ( ). -
, ,
. SABCD.
48. H 54. -
a. , , a.
- ,
, -
, - . -
. , H.
, - : ) a = 20, H = 3;
- ) a = 5, H = 1; ) a = 100, H = 7; ) a = 52, H = 5.
. 55. DABC -
49. D 3,
a .
78 . AC DB
,
, , C
, 2. -
. ,
, ,
. A.
50. SABC - 56. DABC D
ABC 6. , 7, 2 10 .
S, 4, - AC DB -
ABC ( ). , S
4. -
, SABC. ,
51. SABCD DABC,
ABCD 8. , B.
172 173
46. - S, 6,
a ABCD ( ).
. ,
, - SABCD.
, 52. SABC -
. ABC 6. ,
, - S, 3, -
. ABC ( ).
47. H
a. , , SABC.
- 53. SABCD
, ABCD 4. ,
, - S, 4, -
. - ABCD ( ). -
, ,
. SABCD.
48. H 54. -
a. , , a.
- ,
, -
, - . -
. , H.
, - : ) a = 20, H = 3;
- ) a = 5, H = 1; ) a = 100, H = 7; ) a = 52, H = 5.
. 55. DABC -
49. D 3,
a .
78 . AC DB
,
, , C
, 2. -
. ,
, ,
. A.
50. SABC - 56. DABC D
ABC 6. , 7, 2 10 .
S, 4, - AC DB -
ABC ( ). , S
4. -
, SABC. ,
51. SABCD DABC,
ABCD 8. , B.
172 173
57. DABC S 3. M0
73 , - , B1.
M0A1B1C1D1 M0,
arcsin 0,73 .
AD = 15, AB = 24, AA1 = 18.
AC DB , -
A 5. 62. M,
ABCDA1B1C1D1,
, AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD -
DABC, C. , A1B1C1D1 ABCD
58. DABC - , M0, D.
D 4 2 , D - M0AA1B1B M0,
AD = 9, AB = 2 AA1 = 1.
arccos 7
--- . AC DB
9
, B
3. -
,
DABC,
D.
59. d1, d2, d3 M, -
-
ABCDA1B1C1D1, AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD
. , d1, d2, d3 -
3
--- . M, -
2
, M0, -
C1.
M0ABCD M0, AD = AB = 4, AA1 = 18.
60. M,
ABCDA1B1C1D1 -
3 ABCD, , -
AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD -
. M0 , -
D1.
M0CDD1C1 M0, AD = 6,
AB = 4, AA1 = 5.
61. M,
ABCDA1B1C1D1, ,
AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD -
174 175
57. DABC S 3. M0
73 , - , B1.
M0A1B1C1D1 M0,
arcsin 0,73 .
AD = 15, AB = 24, AA1 = 18.
AC DB , -
A 5. 62. M,
ABCDA1B1C1D1,
, AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD -
DABC, C. , A1B1C1D1 ABCD
58. DABC - , M0, D.
D 4 2 , D - M0AA1B1B M0,
AD = 9, AB = 2 AA1 = 1.
arccos 7
--- . AC DB
9
, B
3. -
,
DABC,
D.
59. d1, d2, d3 M, -
-
ABCDA1B1C1D1, AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD
. , d1, d2, d3 -
3
--- . M, -
2
, M0, -
C1.
M0ABCD M0, AD = AB = 4, AA1 = 18.
60. M,
ABCDA1B1C1D1 -
3 ABCD, , -
AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD -
. M0 , -
D1.
M0CDD1C1 M0, AD = 6,
AB = 4, AA1 = 5.
61. M,
ABCDA1B1C1D1, ,
AA1B1B, AA1D1D ABCD -
174 175
X 7. ,
x R:
) (4x 3)2 + p(4x 3)(x2 + 1) + (2p + 1)(x2 + 1)2 > 0;
) (12x + 5)2 a(12x + 5)(x2 + 1) + (5a + 11)(x2 + 1)2 > 0;
) (6x + 8)2 + 2b(3x + 4)(x2 + 1) + 2(b 1)(x2 + 1)2 > 0;
) (10x 24)2 + 2q(5x 12)(x2 + 1) + (3q + 11)(x2 + 1)2 > 0.
8. :
1.
) x 2 2x + 1 + x 2 + 4x + 4 = a;
1. a (a R),
) x 2 + 6x + 9 x 2 4x + 4 = b;
4x2 + 4x|x| 3x = 3|x| + a 1 ) x+2 x1 x + 3 4 x 1 = c;
. ) px + 1 = x+4.
2. b (b R), 9. :
) 2x + a l x; ) x + a l x1;
(x |x|)(|x |x|| 3) + |x |x|| = b + 3
) 4x 2 + 2x 2 < p + 2x; ) 4x 2 2x 6 > p 2x.
. 10. ,
3. a (a R), x R:
) a 9x + (1 a) 3x 7
--- a + 1 > 0;
ax2 (3a + 5)x + 2a + 1 = 0 4
) c 5x (5c + 3) 5x + c 1 < 0;
, -
) (2 7b) 4x + (1 2b) 2x + b > 0;
[1; 3].
) p 7x + (4 8p) 7x > 2p 1.
4. b (b R), -
11. -
:
bx2 + (b 11)x 2b 33 = 0 ) 22x (2 + a) 2x + 2a = 0;
) 32x + (b 3) 3x 3b = 0;
2 5 .
) 52x + 1 + (5c 1) 5x c = 0;
5. c (c R), ) 32(x + 1) (9k + 1) 3x + k = 0.
12. k,
cx2 (c + 5)x 6c + 35 = 0 :
, - 3x x2 5
) log kx + 2
---- = 2;
[1; 8]. 4
6. p (p R), ) logkx + 2 6x x 2 8 = 1
--- ;
2
px2 + (p + 63)x 6p + 210 = 0 ) log kx + 2
8x 3 4x 2 = 1;
2. ) logkx + 2 (4x 3 x2) = 1.
176 177
X 7. ,
x R:
) (4x 3)2 + p(4x 3)(x2 + 1) + (2p + 1)(x2 + 1)2 > 0;
) (12x + 5)2 a(12x + 5)(x2 + 1) + (5a + 11)(x2 + 1)2 > 0;
) (6x + 8)2 + 2b(3x + 4)(x2 + 1) + 2(b 1)(x2 + 1)2 > 0;
) (10x 24)2 + 2q(5x 12)(x2 + 1) + (3q + 11)(x2 + 1)2 > 0.
8. :
1.
) x 2 2x + 1 + x 2 + 4x + 4 = a;
1. a (a R),
) x 2 + 6x + 9 x 2 4x + 4 = b;
4x2 + 4x|x| 3x = 3|x| + a 1 ) x+2 x1 x + 3 4 x 1 = c;
. ) px + 1 = x+4.
2. b (b R), 9. :
) 2x + a l x; ) x + a l x1;
(x |x|)(|x |x|| 3) + |x |x|| = b + 3
) 4x 2 + 2x 2 < p + 2x; ) 4x 2 2x 6 > p 2x.
. 10. ,
3. a (a R), x R:
) a 9x + (1 a) 3x 7
--- a + 1 > 0;
ax2 (3a + 5)x + 2a + 1 = 0 4
) c 5x (5c + 3) 5x + c 1 < 0;
, -
) (2 7b) 4x + (1 2b) 2x + b > 0;
[1; 3].
) p 7x + (4 8p) 7x > 2p 1.
4. b (b R), -
11. -
:
bx2 + (b 11)x 2b 33 = 0 ) 22x (2 + a) 2x + 2a = 0;
) 32x + (b 3) 3x 3b = 0;
2 5 .
) 52x + 1 + (5c 1) 5x c = 0;
5. c (c R), ) 32(x + 1) (9k + 1) 3x + k = 0.
12. k,
cx2 (c + 5)x 6c + 35 = 0 :
, - 3x x2 5
) log kx + 2
---- = 2;
[1; 8]. 4
6. p (p R), ) logkx + 2 6x x 2 8 = 1
--- ;
2
px2 + (p + 63)x 6p + 210 = 0 ) log kx + 2
8x 3 4x 2 = 1;
2. ) logkx + 2 (4x 3 x2) = 1.
176 177
13. a, - 17. a,
- x0, -
x: :
2 + 2ax 3a 4
3 a )x 4a + 7
-(----------------------------------------------- ) y = x
2
) log 9 5a - > 0; ----------------------------------------------- ; a < x0 < 3a;
----------------- x +4 2 x2
4
x 2 + ax + 2a + 3 a
) y = ------------------------------------------- ; --- < x0 < 2a
------- ;
4a 5 )x 2 + 2x + 4a 5
) log 9 + 4a -(-----------------------------------------------------------------
- > 1; x+1 4 5
----------------- 2 ( x2 + 1 )
x 2 + ax + a 3 4a
16
) y = --------------------------------------- ; ------- < x0 < 5a
------- ;
x+2 3 8
( 3a + 6 )x + 6a + 10 2
) log a + 5 -------------------------------------------------------- < 1; x 2 ax + 2a 9
------------- x +22
) y = ------------------------------------------- ; a
--- < x0 < 2a.
2 x3 4
(a 1 )x 2 + 2a 4
) log 3a 6 -2
---------------------------------------------------
- < 0.
----------------- x +1 2
2
2.
14. ,
: 1. -
) logax 7 (16x 4x2 15) = 2; :
sin x + ---
3 cos 2 x 0,25
) log bx 5 -5x x2 21
------ = 4; ) ---------------------------- = ---------------------------------
-;
4 sin 2 x a cos x
) logcx 7 8x x 2 15 = 1; cos x + ---
6 0, 5 2cos 2 x
) ---------------------------- = ----------------------------------- ;
sin 2x p cos x
) log dx 17
24x 4x 2 35 = 1.
3 1 1 4sin x 2
- + ------------- = q ----------------------------- .
) ------------
15. , cos x sin x sin x
: 2.
x2 + + x = p + 2,y2 m [; ]? ,
) x + 2y = 1 p, :
y m 1; ) 2(2a 1)sin 4x (a + 3)cos 8x + 3a = 1; m = 8; = , = ;
) (b 1)cos2 3x 4(b + 2)sin 3x + 2 = 2b; m = 6; = 0, = 2;
x2 3x + y2 2y = a + 1,
) (c 2)cos 6x 2(c 5)sin 3x = 3; m = 6; = --- , = --- ;
) 2y x + a = 1, 2 2
y m 0. ) 15 cos2 5x + 2(2p + 1)sin 5x + 4p(p + 1) = 14; m = 15; = 2,
= 4.
16. b,
3.
m [; ]? ,
x2 + y2 = b + 1, :
+2
y x = b------------ , ) a sin 3x + 3 ( 1 a ) cos 3x = 2a 3; m = 3; = , = ;
2
5b 2 +2
yl1 - sin 5x + ( 2b 3 ) cos 5x = 4b + 3; m = 5; = 0,
) ------------------
5b + 2
. = 2;
178 179
13. a, - 17. a,
- x0, -
x: :
2 + 2ax 3a 4
3 a )x 4a + 7
-(----------------------------------------------- ) y = x
2
) log 9 5a - > 0; ----------------------------------------------- ; a < x0 < 3a;
----------------- x +4 2 x2
4
x 2 + ax + 2a + 3 a
) y = ------------------------------------------- ; --- < x0 < 2a
------- ;
4a 5 )x 2 + 2x + 4a 5
) log 9 + 4a -(-----------------------------------------------------------------
- > 1; x+1 4 5
----------------- 2 ( x2 + 1 )
x 2 + ax + a 3 4a
16
) y = --------------------------------------- ; ------- < x0 < 5a
------- ;
x+2 3 8
( 3a + 6 )x + 6a + 10 2
) log a + 5 -------------------------------------------------------- < 1; x 2 ax + 2a 9
------------- x +22
) y = ------------------------------------------- ; a
--- < x0 < 2a.
2 x3 4
(a 1 )x 2 + 2a 4
) log 3a 6 -2
---------------------------------------------------
- < 0.
----------------- x +1 2
2
2.
14. ,
: 1. -
) logax 7 (16x 4x2 15) = 2; :
sin x + ---
3 cos 2 x 0,25
) log bx 5 -5x x2 21
------ = 4; ) ---------------------------- = ---------------------------------
-;
4 sin 2 x a cos x
) logcx 7 8x x 2 15 = 1; cos x + ---
6 0, 5 2cos 2 x
) ---------------------------- = ----------------------------------- ;
sin 2x p cos x
) log dx 17
24x 4x 2 35 = 1.
3 1 1 4sin x 2
- + ------------- = q ----------------------------- .
) ------------
15. , cos x sin x sin x
: 2.
x2 + + x = p + 2,y2 m [; ]? ,
) x + 2y = 1 p, :
y m 1; ) 2(2a 1)sin 4x (a + 3)cos 8x + 3a = 1; m = 8; = , = ;
) (b 1)cos2 3x 4(b + 2)sin 3x + 2 = 2b; m = 6; = 0, = 2;
x2 3x + y2 2y = a + 1,
) (c 2)cos 6x 2(c 5)sin 3x = 3; m = 6; = --- , = --- ;
) 2y x + a = 1, 2 2
y m 0. ) 15 cos2 5x + 2(2p + 1)sin 5x + 4p(p + 1) = 14; m = 15; = 2,
= 4.
16. b,
3.
m [; ]? ,
x2 + y2 = b + 1, :
+2
y x = b------------ , ) a sin 3x + 3 ( 1 a ) cos 3x = 2a 3; m = 3; = , = ;
2
5b 2 +2
yl1 - sin 5x + ( 2b 3 ) cos 5x = 4b + 3; m = 5; = 0,
) ------------------
5b + 2
. = 2;
178 179
c2 1
- sin 2x + ( 4 c ) cos 2x = 5c + 2; m = 2; = , = 3;
) --------------
c1
XI
d 2 + 2d
- sin 4x + ( 13 4d ) cos 4x + 2d = 1; m = 4; = 2,
) -------------------
d+2
= 4.
4. ,
:
4x
- 2a x 2 + 1 = 3;
) a2 cos x + sin2 --------------- 1. .
a 1
2
7x , -
) 12b2 cos x 6b cos2 ------------ 6|x| = 11b2 11b + 6; , ,
b+6
5x = 4 1 x 2 3|c| c2;
.
) c2( 4 x 3|sin x|) + 3|c| sin --------------
-
c +4 . A(n)
50dx 2 -
) d2(3 x + x2) --------------------
- = 2d2 + 2d 12 12 sin2 x.
( d + 3 )2 , :
5. a, 1) A(n) n = 1;
2) , A(n) n = k ( k -
(b 1; b 2), b , ), , -
1 2 n = k + 1.
. , :
2 1 : A(1); -
- , 2 = arctg --- ;
) 2 sin 4x 4 = 3 cos 4x + a; 1 = arcsin ------ A(n) n = k
5 2
A(n) n = k + 1, . . A(k) A(k + 1).
2 3
- , 2 = arctg --- ;
) 3 sin 4x + a = 2 5 cos 4x ; 1 = arccos ---------- , A(1) , A(n)
13 2
n = k ( k ),
3 1 A(n) n = k + 1, A(n) n.
- , 2 = arctg --- ;
) 4 sin 4x + 1 = 3a + 2 cos 4x; 1 = arcsin ----------
10 3
5 3 1. , x > 1 -
) sin 4x 5a = 2 3 cos 4x; 1 = arccos ----------
- , 2 = arctg --- .
34 5
(1 + x)n l 1 + nx, (1)
n.
.
1. n = 1 (1 + x)1 = 1 + x.
> = , A(1) .
2. , A(k) A(k + 1)
k.
(1 + x)k l 1 + kx (2)
. (2) 1 + x.
1 + x > 0,
(1 + x)k + 1 l (1 + kx)(1 + x),
180 181
c2 1
- sin 2x + ( 4 c ) cos 2x = 5c + 2; m = 2; = , = 3;
) --------------
c1
XI
d 2 + 2d
- sin 4x + ( 13 4d ) cos 4x + 2d = 1; m = 4; = 2,
) -------------------
d+2
= 4.
4. ,
:
4x
- 2a x 2 + 1 = 3;
) a2 cos x + sin2 --------------- 1. .
a 1
2
7x , -
) 12b2 cos x 6b cos2 ------------ 6|x| = 11b2 11b + 6; , ,
b+6
5x = 4 1 x 2 3|c| c2;
.
) c2( 4 x 3|sin x|) + 3|c| sin --------------
-
c +4 . A(n)
50dx 2 -
) d2(3 x + x2) --------------------
- = 2d2 + 2d 12 12 sin2 x.
( d + 3 )2 , :
5. a, 1) A(n) n = 1;
2) , A(n) n = k ( k -
(b 1; b 2), b , ), , -
1 2 n = k + 1.
. , :
2 1 : A(1); -
- , 2 = arctg --- ;
) 2 sin 4x 4 = 3 cos 4x + a; 1 = arcsin ------ A(n) n = k
5 2
A(n) n = k + 1, . . A(k) A(k + 1).
2 3
- , 2 = arctg --- ;
) 3 sin 4x + a = 2 5 cos 4x ; 1 = arccos ---------- , A(1) , A(n)
13 2
n = k ( k ),
3 1 A(n) n = k + 1, A(n) n.
- , 2 = arctg --- ;
) 4 sin 4x + 1 = 3a + 2 cos 4x; 1 = arcsin ----------
10 3
5 3 1. , x > 1 -
) sin 4x 5a = 2 3 cos 4x; 1 = arccos ----------
- , 2 = arctg --- .
34 5
(1 + x)n l 1 + nx, (1)
n.
.
1. n = 1 (1 + x)1 = 1 + x.
> = , A(1) .
2. , A(k) A(k + 1)
k.
(1 + x)k l 1 + kx (2)
. (2) 1 + x.
1 + x > 0,
(1 + x)k + 1 l (1 + kx)(1 + x),
180 181
3. ,
(1 + x)k + 1 l 1 + (k + 1)x + kx2. 2n > n2 (6)
, kx2 l 0, n l 5.
(1 + x)k + 1 l 1 + (k + 1)x, 1. n = 5 25 = 32 > 52 = 25, . . (6)
.
. . A(k) A(k + 1). 2. , A(k) A(k + 1)
(1) n = 1 k l 5.
k -
n = k + 1, , - 2k > k2 (7)
, (1) n. .
-
2k + 1 = 2k + 2k > k2 + 2k. (8)
, n ( -
n = m), , - (. 2), 2k > 2k + 1
, n = m. - k l 3. (8) (4), -
k l 3, 2k + 1 > (k + 1)2,
. . . A(k) A(k + 1).
A(n), n , , , ,
n = m n = k, k - (6) n l 5.
, m,
n = k + 1, A(n) :
n l m. , :
1. n n3 + 3n2 + 5n + 3
2. , 3.
2n > 2n + 1 (3) 2.
9.
n l 3. 3. n l 2
1. n = 3, 23 > 2 3 + 1, . . A(n) . 1 1 1
2. , - ------- + ------- + ... + ------- > n.
1 2 n
k l 3 n = k + 1.
, 4. n x R
|sin nx| m n|sin x|.
2k > 2k + 1, (4)
5. n > 1
2k + 2k > 4k + 2, . . ( 2n )! 4n
- > ------------- .
-------------
2k + 1 > 2(k + 1) + 1 + (2k 1). (5) ( n! ) 2 n+1
2k 1 > 0 k, - 6. n 11n + 2 + 122n + 1
(5) 133.
(n + 1)
2k + 1 > 2(k + 1) + 1, 7. ) 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n
---------------------- ;
2
. . A(k) A(k + 1). , , ) 1 + 2 + 22 + ... + 2n 1 = 2n 1.
, (3) (n + 1) n(n + 1)(n + 2)
8. 1 + 3 + 6 + ... + n
---------------------- = ----------------------------------------- .
n l 3. 2 6
182 183
3. ,
(1 + x)k + 1 l 1 + (k + 1)x + kx2. 2n > n2 (6)
, kx2 l 0, n l 5.
(1 + x)k + 1 l 1 + (k + 1)x, 1. n = 5 25 = 32 > 52 = 25, . . (6)
.
. . A(k) A(k + 1). 2. , A(k) A(k + 1)
(1) n = 1 k l 5.
k -
n = k + 1, , - 2k > k2 (7)
, (1) n. .
-
2k + 1 = 2k + 2k > k2 + 2k. (8)
, n ( -
n = m), , - (. 2), 2k > 2k + 1
, n = m. - k l 3. (8) (4), -
k l 3, 2k + 1 > (k + 1)2,
. . . A(k) A(k + 1).
A(n), n , , , ,
n = m n = k, k - (6) n l 5.
, m,
n = k + 1, A(n) :
n l m. , :
1. n n3 + 3n2 + 5n + 3
2. , 3.
2n > 2n + 1 (3) 2.
9.
n l 3. 3. n l 2
1. n = 3, 23 > 2 3 + 1, . . A(n) . 1 1 1
2. , - ------- + ------- + ... + ------- > n.
1 2 n
k l 3 n = k + 1.
, 4. n x R
|sin nx| m n|sin x|.
2k > 2k + 1, (4)
5. n > 1
2k + 2k > 4k + 2, . . ( 2n )! 4n
- > ------------- .
-------------
2k + 1 > 2(k + 1) + 1 + (2k 1). (5) ( n! ) 2 n+1
2k 1 > 0 k, - 6. n 11n + 2 + 122n + 1
(5) 133.
(n + 1)
2k + 1 > 2(k + 1) + 1, 7. ) 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n
---------------------- ;
2
. . A(k) A(k + 1). , , ) 1 + 2 + 22 + ... + 2n 1 = 2n 1.
, (3) (n + 1) n(n + 1)(n + 2)
8. 1 + 3 + 6 + ... + n
---------------------- = ----------------------------------------- .
n l 3. 2 6
182 183
( n + 1 ) ( 2n + 1 ) . , (, , ) -
9. ) 12 + 22 + ... + n2 = n
--------------------------------------------- ;
6 , -
n (n + 1 ) 2 . -
) 13 + 23 + ... + n3 = ---------------------- . . m -
2
, n ,
10. ) nn + 1 > (n + 1)n, n l 3;
m
) (2n)! < 22n (n!)2, n l 1. A n . -
,
:
m n!
11. 1 1 1 1
----------- + ----------- + ----------- + ... + ---------------------- .
A n = --------------------
-. (2)
( n m )!
12 23 34 n(n + 1)
12. 1 1 1 1
----------- + ----------- + ----------- + ... + --------------------------------------------- .
13 35 57 ( 2n 1 ) ( 2n + 1 ) m
A n = n(n 1) ... (n m + 1). (3)
n +.
13. Sn = 1 1! + 2 2! + 3 3! + ... + n n! . -
. n m (. .
14. 1 + 2x + 3x2 + ... + (n + 1)xn, x 1.
m ,
15. ) x + 2x3 + 3x5 + ... + nx2n 1, x 1; m
n ) C n .
n
2
) --1- + ----- 3
- + -----3- + ... + -----n- , x 1.
x x2 x x n m, ,
m m
A n = C n Pm , (4)
2. .
m n!
C n = ----------------------------
-. (5)
. - m! ( n m )!
. -
( n 1 ) ( n 2 ) ( n m + 1 )
Cn = n
m
; n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . (6)
12m
Pn. -
; n m (0 m m m n)
, P1 = 1. - m nm
Cn = Cn . (7)
, Pn n -
: ,
Pn = 1 2 3 ... n. (1) m n! n!
- = ---------------------------------------------------------- = C nn m .
C n = ----------------------------
m! ( n m )! ( n m )! ( n ( n m ) )!
1 2 3 ... n n!. Pn = n!.
,
P0 = 0! = 1.
C n0 + C n1 + C n2 + ... + C nn = 2n. (8)
. , -
, . - , -
, a = b = 1. (8)
184 185
( n + 1 ) ( 2n + 1 ) . , (, , ) -
9. ) 12 + 22 + ... + n2 = n
--------------------------------------------- ;
6 , -
n (n + 1 ) 2 . -
) 13 + 23 + ... + n3 = ---------------------- . . m -
2
, n ,
10. ) nn + 1 > (n + 1)n, n l 3;
m
) (2n)! < 22n (n!)2, n l 1. A n . -
,
:
m n!
11. 1 1 1 1
----------- + ----------- + ----------- + ... + ---------------------- .
A n = --------------------
-. (2)
( n m )!
12 23 34 n(n + 1)
12. 1 1 1 1
----------- + ----------- + ----------- + ... + --------------------------------------------- .
13 35 57 ( 2n 1 ) ( 2n + 1 ) m
A n = n(n 1) ... (n m + 1). (3)
n +.
13. Sn = 1 1! + 2 2! + 3 3! + ... + n n! . -
. n m (. .
14. 1 + 2x + 3x2 + ... + (n + 1)xn, x 1.
m ,
15. ) x + 2x3 + 3x5 + ... + nx2n 1, x 1; m
n ) C n .
n
2
) --1- + ----- 3
- + -----3- + ... + -----n- , x 1.
x x2 x x n m, ,
m m
A n = C n Pm , (4)
2. .
m n!
C n = ----------------------------
-. (5)
. - m! ( n m )!
. -
( n 1 ) ( n 2 ) ( n m + 1 )
Cn = n
m
; n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . (6)
12m
Pn. -
; n m (0 m m m n)
, P1 = 1. - m nm
Cn = Cn . (7)
, Pn n -
: ,
Pn = 1 2 3 ... n. (1) m n! n!
- = ---------------------------------------------------------- = C nn m .
C n = ----------------------------
m! ( n m )! ( n m )! ( n ( n m ) )!
1 2 3 ... n n!. Pn = n!.
,
P0 = 0! = 1.
C n0 + C n1 + C n2 + ... + C nn = 2n. (8)
. , -
, . - , -
, a = b = 1. (8)
184 185
, C n0 + C n1 + C n2 + ... + C nn 13. n ,
m k , -
, n -
. -
, 2n.
?
n m , 0 m m m n, -
14. 5 5 -
,
m m+1 m+1
Cn + Cn = Cn + 1 . (9) . -
?
m m+1 15. 12- 9 -
, C n C n
. , 2, 3 4
(5) .
. ,
?
:
2 2
16. 10
1. 3 C x + 1 2 A x = x, x N. , -
3 x1 ?
2. A x + 1 + C x + 1 = 14(x + 1), x N.
17. , 8 , 5
2 2
3. C x + 1 A x 4x3 = ( A 2x )2, x N.
1 3 . ,
?
2 3
4. A x + 3 = C x + 2 + 20, x N. 18. -
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Px + 3
5. - = 720, x N.
-------------------------
5
?
Ax Px 5
19. ,
: , 1, 2, 3, 4,
m m+2 5, 6, 7, 8, 9?
6. C 13 < C 13 , m N.
20. , -
3 4
7. 5 C n < C n + 2 , n N.
?
8. C x 1 C x 1 5
4 3 2
--- A x 2 < 0, x N. 21. -
4
, 1, 2, 3, ,
4
A n+1 2 ?
- > 14P3, n N.
9. -------------
n3
Cn 1 22. 18 ,
3 .
x1
10. Cx + 1 > 3
--- , x N. ?
2
11. - 23. -
Pn + 5
, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,
{xn}, xn = C n + 5 143
4
---------- -------------- , n N? 1?
96 Pn + 3
24. ,
12. -
?
3
195 An + 3 25. -
- -------------- , n N?
{xn}, xn = ---------
4p n Pn + 1 . -
186 187
, C n0 + C n1 + C n2 + ... + C nn 13. n ,
m k , -
, n -
. -
, 2n.
?
n m , 0 m m m n, -
14. 5 5 -
,
m m+1 m+1
Cn + Cn = Cn + 1 . (9) . -
?
m m+1 15. 12- 9 -
, C n C n
. , 2, 3 4
(5) .
. ,
?
:
2 2
16. 10
1. 3 C x + 1 2 A x = x, x N. , -
3 x1 ?
2. A x + 1 + C x + 1 = 14(x + 1), x N.
17. , 8 , 5
2 2
3. C x + 1 A x 4x3 = ( A 2x )2, x N.
1 3 . ,
?
2 3
4. A x + 3 = C x + 2 + 20, x N. 18. -
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Px + 3
5. - = 720, x N.
-------------------------
5
?
Ax Px 5
19. ,
: , 1, 2, 3, 4,
m m+2 5, 6, 7, 8, 9?
6. C 13 < C 13 , m N.
20. , -
3 4
7. 5 C n < C n + 2 , n N.
?
8. C x 1 C x 1 5
4 3 2
--- A x 2 < 0, x N. 21. -
4
, 1, 2, 3, ,
4
A n+1 2 ?
- > 14P3, n N.
9. -------------
n3
Cn 1 22. 18 ,
3 .
x1
10. Cx + 1 > 3
--- , x N. ?
2
11. - 23. -
Pn + 5
, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,
{xn}, xn = C n + 5 143
4
---------- -------------- , n N? 1?
96 Pn + 3
24. ,
12. -
?
3
195 An + 3 25. -
- -------------- , n N?
{xn}, xn = ---------
4p n Pn + 1 . -
186 187
. , 2 n
35. x
--- + --- , 10-
, 66 , 5 5
. - .
? 36. x4 (1 2x +
. 2 12
+ 4x ) .
0 1 k n 37. x
(a + b)n = C n an + C n an 1 b + ... + C n an k bk + ... + C n bn, (1)
1
------------------- 6
x lgx + 1 12 x 200?
n, -
k
. C n - 38. -
n
(1) : (k + 1)- - x2 --2- 241. , -
(1) k- - x
Tk: x6 .
k n
1
Tk = C n an k bk, k = 0, 1, ... n. (2) 39. -x x + -----
- -
x4
26. (x + 1)n, 44
1024. . , -
12 x.
27. x --1- , x.
x 1 10
40. - x -------
- , x.
10 3 x
28. x + --1- .
x n
x + --1-
3
41. A n , -3
29. - x
n x.
x2 + --1- 46. , -
x n
42. , {xn}, xn = -1 + --1- ,
x. n
1 17 n N, n + .
30. ----------
- + 4 a 3 , -
3 2 n
a 43. , xn = -1 + --1- > 2 n N, n > 2.
a. n
m n
a
31. 13 a + ------------
- , 44. , xn = -1 + --1- < 3 n N.
a 1 n
3 2 45. nn + 1 > (n + 1)n, n l 3, n N.
C m : C m = 4 : 1.
3 m
32. x2 -------x- , -
x 3. , ,
128.
33. x, ,
(x + xlg x)5 1 000 000. :
0 1 n n 1. ) x(x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2) + ...
34. , ( C n )2 + ( C n )2 + ... + ( C n )2 = C 2n . ... + (x + 10)(x + 11) = 1 2 + 2 3 + ... + 10 11;
188 189
. , 2 n
35. x
--- + --- , 10-
, 66 , 5 5
. - .
? 36. x4 (1 2x +
. 2 12
+ 4x ) .
0 1 k n 37. x
(a + b)n = C n an + C n an 1 b + ... + C n an k bk + ... + C n bn, (1)
1
------------------- 6
x lgx + 1 12 x 200?
n, -
k
. C n - 38. -
n
(1) : (k + 1)- - x2 --2- 241. , -
(1) k- - x
Tk: x6 .
k n
1
Tk = C n an k bk, k = 0, 1, ... n. (2) 39. -x x + -----
- -
x4
26. (x + 1)n, 44
1024. . , -
12 x.
27. x --1- , x.
x 1 10
40. - x -------
- , x.
10 3 x
28. x + --1- .
x n
x + --1-
3
41. A n , -3
29. - x
n x.
x2 + --1- 46. , -
x n
42. , {xn}, xn = -1 + --1- ,
x. n
1 17 n N, n + .
30. ----------
- + 4 a 3 , -
3 2 n
a 43. , xn = -1 + --1- > 2 n N, n > 2.
a. n
m n
a
31. 13 a + ------------
- , 44. , xn = -1 + --1- < 3 n N.
a 1 n
3 2 45. nn + 1 > (n + 1)n, n l 3, n N.
C m : C m = 4 : 1.
3 m
32. x2 -------x- , -
x 3. , ,
128.
33. x, ,
(x + xlg x)5 1 000 000. :
0 1 n n 1. ) x(x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2) + ...
34. , ( C n )2 + ( C n )2 + ... + ( C n )2 = C 2n . ... + (x + 10)(x + 11) = 1 2 + 2 3 + ... + 10 11;
188 189
6.
) x + x + x + ... = 2; :
) y = x2, y = (x 1)2;
) x x x x... = 4;
) y = x2 2x + 2, y = x2 4x + 1;
) x2 x + 1 + x 2 + x + 1 = 2 cos x. ) y = x2 + 4, y = 2x2 2x + 1.
2. ) 3 2sin 2 x + 2 3 sinx cos x sin x = sin --- + sin --- ; 7. -
3 6 (b, c )
1 . c,
) sin --- + x cos --- x cos x = ----------- ;
4 4 2 2 -
S. , :
) 2 cos 2x 4 cos x + 3 cos x = 1; ) y = x2 + 5x + 1, y = x2 + bx + c, S = 8;
) 43 18 cos 2x 60 sin x sin x = 1. ) y = x2 + bx + 3, y = x2 + 2x + c, S = 27;
cos x ) y = x2 + bx 1, y = x2 + 4x + c, S = 1;
3. ) 2 x2 logcos x 1 3
----------------- 2 = 0;
2 ) y = x2 + x 4, y = x2 + bx + c, S = 64.
:
1
) 2 4x 2 logsin x sin x + ------
- + 1 = 0;
2 8. 5x 17
- m 1;
) logx 3 ------------------------ 9x + 14
- m 1;
) logx + 2 ------------------------
2 2
) 2 9x 2 logcos x cos 2x + 1
--- 2 = 0;
5x 7 + 16
4 - l 1;
) logx 1 -------------------- ) logx + 2 12x
------------------------ > 2.
2 4x
) 9 2 16x 2 [logcos 2x (3 cos 4x + 2) 1] = 0.
2
( x 1 ) ( x 2 )log x 2 -----2-
4. x x 2 3x + 1 + log x 2
9. ) -------------------------------------------------------------- > ---------------------------------------------------------
-;
a R: x+2 x+2
) x4 4x3 + 4x2 1 = a; ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( log 2 ( x + 2 ) 1 ) x 2 x 3 + log 2 ( x + 2 )
x x
) 3x4 + 8x3 6x2 24x 8 = a; - l ---------------------------------------------------------------- ;
) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x x
) 2x3 3x2 12x + 12 = a.
( x 2 ) ( log x ( x + 3 ) 1 ) xlog x ( x + 3 ) 2
5. : ) ----------------------------------------------------------------- < ---------------------------------------------
-;
( x + 2 )2 x ( x + 2 )x
2 arctg x + y ez = 3, xlog 2 ( x 2 2 ) x ( x + 1 ) + ( x 2 + x 2 ) ( log 2 x 2 2 )
) 4 arctg x y 2ez = 0, ) --------------------------------------- < --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-.
(x2 1 ) (x + 2 ) (x + 2)(x + 1)(x 1)
arctg x + y + ez = 3a + 1;
10. ,
x R :
2x + ln y2
2 sin z = 0,
) ) sin2 x (a + 1) sin x + 2a + 3 > 0;
3x 2 ln y2 + 4 sin z = 7,
x + ln y2 + sin z = 3a + 2; ) sin 2x + (b + 1) 2 sin x --- < 2b;
4
2 x 2 arccos y + z = 1, ) cos2 x + (c + 1) sin x < 3c + 2;
) sin 2x (p + 1) (sin x + cos x) + 2p + 1 > 0.
) 5 x + arccos y + z = 6a 14,
11. f(x)
x + arccos y + 2z = 2a + 1. F(x) x0, -
190 191
6.
) x + x + x + ... = 2; :
) y = x2, y = (x 1)2;
) x x x x... = 4;
) y = x2 2x + 2, y = x2 4x + 1;
) x2 x + 1 + x 2 + x + 1 = 2 cos x. ) y = x2 + 4, y = 2x2 2x + 1.
2. ) 3 2sin 2 x + 2 3 sinx cos x sin x = sin --- + sin --- ; 7. -
3 6 (b, c )
1 . c,
) sin --- + x cos --- x cos x = ----------- ;
4 4 2 2 -
S. , :
) 2 cos 2x 4 cos x + 3 cos x = 1; ) y = x2 + 5x + 1, y = x2 + bx + c, S = 8;
) 43 18 cos 2x 60 sin x sin x = 1. ) y = x2 + bx + 3, y = x2 + 2x + c, S = 27;
cos x ) y = x2 + bx 1, y = x2 + 4x + c, S = 1;
3. ) 2 x2 logcos x 1 3
----------------- 2 = 0;
2 ) y = x2 + x 4, y = x2 + bx + c, S = 64.
:
1
) 2 4x 2 logsin x sin x + ------
- + 1 = 0;
2 8. 5x 17
- m 1;
) logx 3 ------------------------ 9x + 14
- m 1;
) logx + 2 ------------------------
2 2
) 2 9x 2 logcos x cos 2x + 1
--- 2 = 0;
5x 7 + 16
4 - l 1;
) logx 1 -------------------- ) logx + 2 12x
------------------------ > 2.
2 4x
) 9 2 16x 2 [logcos 2x (3 cos 4x + 2) 1] = 0.
2
( x 1 ) ( x 2 )log x 2 -----2-
4. x x 2 3x + 1 + log x 2
9. ) -------------------------------------------------------------- > ---------------------------------------------------------
-;
a R: x+2 x+2
) x4 4x3 + 4x2 1 = a; ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( log 2 ( x + 2 ) 1 ) x 2 x 3 + log 2 ( x + 2 )
x x
) 3x4 + 8x3 6x2 24x 8 = a; - l ---------------------------------------------------------------- ;
) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x x
) 2x3 3x2 12x + 12 = a.
( x 2 ) ( log x ( x + 3 ) 1 ) xlog x ( x + 3 ) 2
5. : ) ----------------------------------------------------------------- < ---------------------------------------------
-;
( x + 2 )2 x ( x + 2 )x
2 arctg x + y ez = 3, xlog 2 ( x 2 2 ) x ( x + 1 ) + ( x 2 + x 2 ) ( log 2 x 2 2 )
) 4 arctg x y 2ez = 0, ) --------------------------------------- < --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-.
(x2 1 ) (x + 2 ) (x + 2)(x + 1)(x 1)
arctg x + y + ez = 3a + 1;
10. ,
x R :
2x + ln y2
2 sin z = 0,
) ) sin2 x (a + 1) sin x + 2a + 3 > 0;
3x 2 ln y2 + 4 sin z = 7,
x + ln y2 + sin z = 3a + 2; ) sin 2x + (b + 1) 2 sin x --- < 2b;
4
2 x 2 arccos y + z = 1, ) cos2 x + (c + 1) sin x < 3c + 2;
) sin 2x (p + 1) (sin x + cos x) + 2p + 1 > 0.
) 5 x + arccos y + z = 6a 14,
11. f(x)
x + arccos y + 2z = 2a + 1. F(x) x0, -
190 191
. x, 3 3
2. ) 26 + 15 3 + 26 15 3 ;
, :
F(x) f(x) 3
20 + 14 2 + 3
20 14 2 ;
- l 0;
) f(x) = 6x2 + 2x + 6; x0 > 0,7; ----------------------------- )
f ( x )
(x) f(x) 3
16 + 8 5 + 3
16 8 5 ;
) f(x) = x2 + 3x 3; x0 < 1; F
------------------------------ m 0; )
1 + f ( x )
4 4
F(x) f(x) ) 15 + 12 2 15 12 2 ;
- m 0;
) f(x) = x2 x + 1; x0 > 0; -----------------------------
1 + f(x)
4 4
F(x) f(x) ) 28 + 16 3 28 16 3 .
- m 0.
) f(x) = x2 2x + 1; x0 > 2; -----------------------------
4 f (x ) :
12.
a2 b2 a
y = ax2, 3. ) ----------------------------------- : b-----------
-;
2 a + b + 2ab
2 a+b
a > 0.
13. , a+1 1 2 a2 + a + 2
) ---------------
- ------------------------- ------------
- : ------------------------- ;
y = x2 a3 1 a2 + a + 1 1a a3 1
, , ,
a a 2 2 1 a 2
. ) ---------------------
1 1
-----
- ---------------------
3 1 1
;
--- --- --- --- ---
2 2 2 2 2
a a a a +a
x3 + y3 2y xy
4. - : (x2 y2) + ------------- ------------------
) ------------------ -;
x+y 2 x+y 2 x y
1 1
--- + ------------
- a b+c b2 + c2 a2
- (a + b + c)2;
) ---------------------- 1 + -----------------------------
- 1 1 2bc
--- ------------
a b+c
:
(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2, ) x x+y y x+ y
xy --------------------
----------------------------- - ;
x+ y xy
(a b)3 = a3 3a2b + 3ab2 b3,
(a b)4 = a4 4a3b + 6a2b2 4ab3 + b4, 3 a b
--- 3 --- ( 3 a + 3 b 3 ab )
b a
a2 b2 = (a b)(a + b), ) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
a3 b3 = (a b)(a2 ab + b2), ( 3 b 1 3 a 1 ) ( a + b )
1 2 a a ab + b
4. ) --------------------
- ---------------------------- ------------------------------ ( a + b );
an bn = (a b)(an 1 + an 2b + ... + abn 2 + bn 1), a b a a+b b a b
a2n + 1 + b2n + 1 = (a + b)(a2n a2n 1b + ... ab2n 1 + b2n), x2 9 x2 27 + x 2 x2
- -------------------- + ------------------- : 3 + ------------- ;
) ------------
n a b. 3 + x x 2 3x 3x 3x
( x y)2 ( x y )2 1 x )2 ( y + 1 )2
:
x2
) ------
- -------------------- -------------------- (-------------------- 1
- ------- + -------------------- ;
2y 2y + 4 22y + y x + xy
2 xy xy + y 2
1. ) 14 + 6 5 + 14 6 5 ; ) 7+4 3 + 74 3;
a a2 b a b2 a2 a
- + 1 ------------------
) ------------ - --- ------------ + -----2- ------------------
- --- ;
) ( 7 + 3 5 + 73 5 ) 2; ) ( 7 + 3 5 73 5 )2. a+1 b ab
2 a a + b a b ab b
2
192 193
. x, 3 3
2. ) 26 + 15 3 + 26 15 3 ;
, :
F(x) f(x) 3
20 + 14 2 + 3
20 14 2 ;
- l 0;
) f(x) = 6x2 + 2x + 6; x0 > 0,7; ----------------------------- )
f ( x )
(x) f(x) 3
16 + 8 5 + 3
16 8 5 ;
) f(x) = x2 + 3x 3; x0 < 1; F
------------------------------ m 0; )
1 + f ( x )
4 4
F(x) f(x) ) 15 + 12 2 15 12 2 ;
- m 0;
) f(x) = x2 x + 1; x0 > 0; -----------------------------
1 + f(x)
4 4
F(x) f(x) ) 28 + 16 3 28 16 3 .
- m 0.
) f(x) = x2 2x + 1; x0 > 2; -----------------------------
4 f (x ) :
12.
a2 b2 a
y = ax2, 3. ) ----------------------------------- : b-----------
-;
2 a + b + 2ab
2 a+b
a > 0.
13. , a+1 1 2 a2 + a + 2
) ---------------
- ------------------------- ------------
- : ------------------------- ;
y = x2 a3 1 a2 + a + 1 1a a3 1
, , ,
a a 2 2 1 a 2
. ) ---------------------
1 1
-----
- ---------------------
3 1 1
;
--- --- --- --- ---
2 2 2 2 2
a a a a +a
x3 + y3 2y xy
4. - : (x2 y2) + ------------- ------------------
) ------------------ -;
x+y 2 x+y 2 x y
1 1
--- + ------------
- a b+c b2 + c2 a2
- (a + b + c)2;
) ---------------------- 1 + -----------------------------
- 1 1 2bc
--- ------------
a b+c
:
(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2, ) x x+y y x+ y
xy --------------------
----------------------------- - ;
x+ y xy
(a b)3 = a3 3a2b + 3ab2 b3,
(a b)4 = a4 4a3b + 6a2b2 4ab3 + b4, 3 a b
--- 3 --- ( 3 a + 3 b 3 ab )
b a
a2 b2 = (a b)(a + b), ) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
a3 b3 = (a b)(a2 ab + b2), ( 3 b 1 3 a 1 ) ( a + b )
1 2 a a ab + b
4. ) --------------------
- ---------------------------- ------------------------------ ( a + b );
an bn = (a b)(an 1 + an 2b + ... + abn 2 + bn 1), a b a a+b b a b
a2n + 1 + b2n + 1 = (a + b)(a2n a2n 1b + ... ab2n 1 + b2n), x2 9 x2 27 + x 2 x2
- -------------------- + ------------------- : 3 + ------------- ;
) ------------
n a b. 3 + x x 2 3x 3x 3x
( x y)2 ( x y )2 1 x )2 ( y + 1 )2
:
x2
) ------
- -------------------- -------------------- (-------------------- 1
- ------- + -------------------- ;
2y 2y + 4 22y + y x + xy
2 xy xy + y 2
1. ) 14 + 6 5 + 14 6 5 ; ) 7+4 3 + 74 3;
a a2 b a b2 a2 a
- + 1 ------------------
) ------------ - --- ------------ + -----2- ------------------
- --- ;
) ( 7 + 3 5 + 73 5 ) 2; ) ( 7 + 3 5 73 5 )2. a+1 b ab
2 a a + b a b ab b
2
192 193
( a b )2 ( 1 + a )2 ( a + 2 )2 2 b )2 6. x1, x2, ... , xn > 0; n l 2. , :
) ------------------- a2
- + -------------------- ------ : -------------------- + (------------------- 4
- ------ ;
2 b +b 1+b b a + ab
2 ab + b 2 ab ) x1x2 ... xn = 1, x1 + x2 + ... + xn l n,
b a2 b b b a2
x1 = x2 = ... = xn = 1;
- + -----2- ------------ 1- ------------ + 1 ------------ -----2- .
) -----------
a+b b ba a a+b a ba b x +x ++x
1 2 n
- l
) ------------------------------------------- n x 1 x 2 x n , -
n
a2 2ab + b2 2a
5. --------------------------------------- - , 0 < a < b.
+ ----------- x1 = x2 = ... = xn ( ).
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 b+a
7. , x1, x2, ... , xn > 0,
6. ) x2 x1 + x+34 x1;
1 1 1
(x1 + x2 + ... + xn) -----
- + ------ + ... + ------ l n2.
) x+24 x2 + x+76 x2; x1 x2 xn
) x+2+2 x+1 + x+2 x1. 8. a1, a2, ... , an -
(ai > 0). ,
5. a +a n
a1 an m n a 1 a 2 ...a n m ------------------
1
-
2
1. , a > 0, b > 0,
+1
a+b ( , n < n n! < n
------------- n > 2).
------------ l ab , 2
2
9. , :
a = b. n n+1
) n > n + 1 , n = 3, 4, ... ;
2. ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 ) n 1 n > n n + 1 , n = 2, 3, ... .
a 1 + a 2 + ... + a n = 1, b 1 + b 2 + ... + b n = 1
10. ,
1 1 1
------------- + ------------- + ... + ----------------- > 1
1 m a1b1 + a2b2 + ... + anbn m 1. n+1 n+2 3n + 1
3. , a1 > 0, a2 > 0, ... an > 0, (n ).
n1 11. ,
------------- (a1 + a2 + ... + an) l a1 a2 + a 1 a 3 + ... + an 1 an ,
2 n 1 1 1
- < n, n = 2, 3, ... .
--- < 1 + --- + --- + ... + ---------------
a1 = a2 = ... = an. 2 2 3 2n 1
4. , a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, d > 0, 12. , a1, a2, ... , an > 0, a1a2 ... an = 1,
a+b+c+d
------------------------------- l 4 abcd , (1 + a1)(1 + a2) ... (1 + an) l 2n,
4
a = b = c = d. a1 = a2 = ... = an = 1.
5. , a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, 13. ,
a+b+c
--------------------- l 3 abc , n
2 n n
3
ai b i
2 2
m ai bi ,
t=1
a = b = c. t=1 t=1
194 195
( a b )2 ( 1 + a )2 ( a + 2 )2 2 b )2 6. x1, x2, ... , xn > 0; n l 2. , :
) ------------------- a2
- + -------------------- ------ : -------------------- + (------------------- 4
- ------ ;
2 b +b 1+b b a + ab
2 ab + b 2 ab ) x1x2 ... xn = 1, x1 + x2 + ... + xn l n,
b a2 b b b a2
x1 = x2 = ... = xn = 1;
- + -----2- ------------ 1- ------------ + 1 ------------ -----2- .
) -----------
a+b b ba a a+b a ba b x +x ++x
1 2 n
- l
) ------------------------------------------- n x 1 x 2 x n , -
n
a2 2ab + b2 2a
5. --------------------------------------- - , 0 < a < b.
+ ----------- x1 = x2 = ... = xn ( ).
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 b+a
7. , x1, x2, ... , xn > 0,
6. ) x2 x1 + x+34 x1;
1 1 1
(x1 + x2 + ... + xn) -----
- + ------ + ... + ------ l n2.
) x+24 x2 + x+76 x2; x1 x2 xn
) x+2+2 x+1 + x+2 x1. 8. a1, a2, ... , an -
(ai > 0). ,
5. a +a n
a1 an m n a 1 a 2 ...a n m ------------------
1
-
2
1. , a > 0, b > 0,
+1
a+b ( , n < n n! < n
------------- n > 2).
------------ l ab , 2
2
9. , :
a = b. n n+1
) n > n + 1 , n = 3, 4, ... ;
2. ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 ) n 1 n > n n + 1 , n = 2, 3, ... .
a 1 + a 2 + ... + a n = 1, b 1 + b 2 + ... + b n = 1
10. ,
1 1 1
------------- + ------------- + ... + ----------------- > 1
1 m a1b1 + a2b2 + ... + anbn m 1. n+1 n+2 3n + 1
3. , a1 > 0, a2 > 0, ... an > 0, (n ).
n1 11. ,
------------- (a1 + a2 + ... + an) l a1 a2 + a 1 a 3 + ... + an 1 an ,
2 n 1 1 1
- < n, n = 2, 3, ... .
--- < 1 + --- + --- + ... + ---------------
a1 = a2 = ... = an. 2 2 3 2n 1
4. , a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, d > 0, 12. , a1, a2, ... , an > 0, a1a2 ... an = 1,
a+b+c+d
------------------------------- l 4 abcd , (1 + a1)(1 + a2) ... (1 + an) l 2n,
4
a = b = c = d. a1 = a2 = ... = an = 1.
5. , a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, 13. ,
a+b+c
--------------------- l 3 abc , n
2 n n
3
ai b i
2 2
m ai bi ,
t=1
a = b = c. t=1 t=1
194 195
ai, bi , - 18. , -
a a a ,
-----1- = -----2- = ... = -----n- (- .
b1 b2 bn
).
14. , . , -
, m
----- , m n
, - n
, , - (n 0). ( , -
( : , -
). -
15. , n .)
1 1 1 1 19. ,
--- + --- + --- = ---------------------
a b c a+b+c xn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + 1 = 0
, 1.
1 1 1 1 20. ,
------ + -----n- + -----n = ------------------------------
-.
an b c an + bn + cn
x2n + ax + 1 = 0
16. , -
, a , a 2.
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 -
: 21. , -
x1 + x2 + x3 = --b- ,
a anxn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + a0 = 0
x1x2 + x1x3 + x2x3 = --c- ,
a p--- , p q , a0
q
p, an q.
x1 x2 x3 = d
--- .
a
22. , -
17. , - -
, .
anxn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + a0 = 0 23. , n -
n
: .
n1 a
x1 + x2 + ... + xn = ------------- , 24. , a + b = 1, a b
an
, :
n2
x1x2 + x1x3 + ... + xn 1xn = ------------- ,
a ) a2 + b2 l 1
--- , ) a4 + b4 l 1
--- .
2 8
an
25. , 2105 + 3105 5, 35, 275, 2315.
........................ 26. ,
a 1
x1x2x3 ... xn = (1)n -----0- . n n 1 < ------- < n+1 n + 1 (n = 2, 3, ...).
an n
196 197
ai, bi , - 18. , -
a a a ,
-----1- = -----2- = ... = -----n- (- .
b1 b2 bn
).
14. , . , -
, m
----- , m n
, - n
, , - (n 0). ( , -
( : , -
). -
15. , n .)
1 1 1 1 19. ,
--- + --- + --- = ---------------------
a b c a+b+c xn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + 1 = 0
, 1.
1 1 1 1 20. ,
------ + -----n- + -----n = ------------------------------
-.
an b c an + bn + cn
x2n + ax + 1 = 0
16. , -
, a , a 2.
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 -
: 21. , -
x1 + x2 + x3 = --b- ,
a anxn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + a0 = 0
x1x2 + x1x3 + x2x3 = --c- ,
a p--- , p q , a0
q
p, an q.
x1 x2 x3 = d
--- .
a
22. , -
17. , - -
, .
anxn + an 1 xn 1 + ... + a1x + a0 = 0 23. , n -
n
: .
n1 a
x1 + x2 + ... + xn = ------------- , 24. , a + b = 1, a b
an
, :
n2
x1x2 + x1x3 + ... + xn 1xn = ------------- ,
a ) a2 + b2 l 1
--- , ) a4 + b4 l 1
--- .
2 8
an
25. , 2105 + 3105 5, 35, 275, 2315.
........................ 26. ,
a 1
x1x2x3 ... xn = (1)n -----0- . n n 1 < ------- < n+1 n + 1 (n = 2, 3, ...).
an n
196 197
27. , n m -
x + --1- = t, t
x
+n
n+m
mn nm m m
--------------- . m. . -
2
t = tk, k = 1, 2, ..., m, (2)
28. :
1 1 1 1
) --------------
- + --------------- > 2; ) --------------
- + --------------- > 2. x + --1- = tk, k = 1, 2, ..., m.
log 2 log 5 log 2 log 2
x
29. , a l 0, b l 0, m l n, m, n -
n , .. n = 2m + 1, m N, (1)
,
1
-----
1
---
(am + bm ) m m (an + bn ) n .
ax2m + 1 + bx 2m + cx2m 1 + ... + cx2 + bx + a = 0. (3)
30. , + x4 x2 + 1 - x10 x7
, x = 1 . -
x.
(3) x + 1,
2m, .
6. (1) , -
x = --y- , y
k
ayn + bkyn 1 + ck2yn 2 + ... + ckn 2y2 + bkn 1y + akn = 0,
axn + bxn 1 + cxn 2 + ... + cx2 + bx + a = 0, (1)
, y + k--- = t.
, . y
, (1) x = ky,
1
, --- aknyn + bkn 1yn 1 + ... + bky + a = 0.
. ,
ky +
1 b 1 a + b + + b n 1 + a n
a ------ - + ... + b --- + a = ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ------------- - = 0.
n n1 n +1
--- = t.
y
n , .. n = 2m, m , 1.
xm 4x4 4x3 12x2 + 2x + 1 = 0. (4)
ax2m + bx2m 1 + cx2m 2 + ... + fxm + 1 + gxm + fxm 1 + ...
4x2,
... + cx2 + bx + a = 0, (2)
1 1 1 1
- + ---------2- = 0 x2 + ---------2- x ------- 3 = 0
x2 x 3 + ------
2x 4x 4x 2x
axm + bxm 1 + cxm 2 + ... + fx + g + f --1- + ... 1
x x ------
- = 1,
1 2 1 2x
1
... + c -------------- 1
- + b --------------
1
- + a ------- = 0, x ------
- x ------
- 2=0
xm 2 xm 1 xm 2x 2x 1
x ------
- =2
2x
1
a xm + ------- 1
+ b xm 1 + --------------
- + x1 = ---------------------
1 3 2 6 1+ 3 2+ 6
- , x2 = ----------------- , x3 = ---------------------- , x4 = ----------------- .
xm xm 1 2 2 2 2
: x = ---------------------
1 3 2 6
1 1
- + ... + f x + --- + g = 0.
+ c xm 2 + -------------- - , x = ----------------- .
xm 2 x 2 2
198 199
27. , n m -
x + --1- = t, t
x
+n
n+m
mn nm m m
--------------- . m. . -
2
t = tk, k = 1, 2, ..., m, (2)
28. :
1 1 1 1
) --------------
- + --------------- > 2; ) --------------
- + --------------- > 2. x + --1- = tk, k = 1, 2, ..., m.
log 2 log 5 log 2 log 2
x
29. , a l 0, b l 0, m l n, m, n -
n , .. n = 2m + 1, m N, (1)
,
1
-----
1
---
(am + bm ) m m (an + bn ) n .
ax2m + 1 + bx 2m + cx2m 1 + ... + cx2 + bx + a = 0. (3)
30. , + x4 x2 + 1 - x10 x7
, x = 1 . -
x.
(3) x + 1,
2m, .
6. (1) , -
x = --y- , y
k
ayn + bkyn 1 + ck2yn 2 + ... + ckn 2y2 + bkn 1y + akn = 0,
axn + bxn 1 + cxn 2 + ... + cx2 + bx + a = 0, (1)
, y + k--- = t.
, . y
, (1) x = ky,
1
, --- aknyn + bkn 1yn 1 + ... + bky + a = 0.
. ,
ky +
1 b 1 a + b + + b n 1 + a n
a ------ - + ... + b --- + a = ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ------------- - = 0.
n n1 n +1
--- = t.
y
n , .. n = 2m, m , 1.
xm 4x4 4x3 12x2 + 2x + 1 = 0. (4)
ax2m + bx2m 1 + cx2m 2 + ... + fxm + 1 + gxm + fxm 1 + ...
4x2,
... + cx2 + bx + a = 0, (2)
1 1 1 1
- + ---------2- = 0 x2 + ---------2- x ------- 3 = 0
x2 x 3 + ------
2x 4x 4x 2x
axm + bxm 1 + cxm 2 + ... + fx + g + f --1- + ... 1
x x ------
- = 1,
1 2 1 2x
1
... + c -------------- 1
- + b --------------
1
- + a ------- = 0, x ------
- x ------
- 2=0
xm 2 xm 1 xm 2x 2x 1
x ------
- =2
2x
1
a xm + ------- 1
+ b xm 1 + --------------
- + x1 = ---------------------
1 3 2 6 1+ 3 2+ 6
- , x2 = ----------------- , x3 = ---------------------- , x4 = ----------------- .
xm xm 1 2 2 2 2
: x = ---------------------
1 3 2 6
1 1
- + ... + f x + --- + g = 0.
+ c xm 2 + -------------- - , x = ----------------- .
xm 2 x 2 2
198 199
2.
, ,
x5 3x4 + x3 + x2 3x + 1 = 0.
, x1 = 1 .
x + 1,
x4 4x3 + 5x2 4x + 1 = 0.
I
x2,
1 1 1 2 1 .
- 4 x + -----2- + 5 = 0 x + --- 4 x + --- + 3 = 0
x2 + -----
x2 x x x
x + --1- = 1,
x 3 5 3+ 5
x2 = ----------------
- , x3 = ----------------- .
2 2
x + --1- = 3
x 1. .
5 3+ 5
: x1 = 1, x2 = 3
----------------- , x3 = ----------------- .
2 2
2. ,
|x| < a, (1)
a < x < a (2)
, a > 0. x -
(1). , -
(2). : 1) x l 0;
2) x < 0.
1. x l 0, |x| = x, , (1)
x < a. x l 0, x > a.
, a < x < a.
2. x < 0, |x| = x; , (1)
x < a x > a. x < 0, x < a.
, a < x < a.
:
x (2), -
(1).
5. x y
(. 1):
|x| m x m |x|, |y| m y m |y|.
,
(|x| + |y|) m x + y m (|x| + |y|),
(. 2) |x + y| m |x| + |y|.
200 201
2.
, ,
x5 3x4 + x3 + x2 3x + 1 = 0.
, x1 = 1 .
x + 1,
x4 4x3 + 5x2 4x + 1 = 0.
I
x2,
1 1 1 2 1 .
- 4 x + -----2- + 5 = 0 x + --- 4 x + --- + 3 = 0
x2 + -----
x2 x x x
x + --1- = 1,
x 3 5 3+ 5
x2 = ----------------
- , x3 = ----------------- .
2 2
x + --1- = 3
x 1. .
5 3+ 5
: x1 = 1, x2 = 3
----------------- , x3 = ----------------- .
2 2
2. ,
|x| < a, (1)
a < x < a (2)
, a > 0. x -
(1). , -
(2). : 1) x l 0;
2) x < 0.
1. x l 0, |x| = x, , (1)
x < a. x l 0, x > a.
, a < x < a.
2. x < 0, |x| = x; , (1)
x < a x > a. x < 0, x < a.
, a < x < a.
:
x (2), -
(1).
5. x y
(. 1):
|x| m x m |x|, |y| m y m |y|.
,
(|x| + |y|) m x + y m (|x| + |y|),
(. 2) |x + y| m |x| + |y|.
200 201
6. x = y + t. 5, . (x 4) + (x + 4) = 9 2x = 9;
x = 4,5 .
|t + y| m |t| + |y|, |t + y| |y| m |t|, II . f(x) = |x 4| + |x + 4| .
|x| |y| m |x y|. x0 l 0 , x0 .
8. ) a b, (a b)2 > 0, a2 2ab + b2 > 0, a2 + (x 4) + (x + 4) = 9
0 m x < 4 (x 4) + (x + 4) = 9 4 m x < +,
+ b2 > 2ab a b
--- + --- > 2. ( ab - x = 4,5. f(x)
b a
x = 4,5;
, ab > 0.) a = b, -
) [4; 4]; ) (; 4]; ) [4; +). 17. {6; 2}. 18. {0}.
.
19. ) (; +) a (; 0); (; a) c (a; +)
9. ) {a} a 0; {c | c R} a = 0; ) {a + 2} a 2;
a [0; +). a (; 0) -
a 3a + 9
2
{c | c R} a = 2; ) ----------------------------- x, |x| l 0 (
a (; 3) c (3; 3) c
a3 ). a -
c (3; +); {c | c R} a = 3; a = 3.
x > a x < 0,
10. ) ; 5 1
--- ; ) (; 7]; ) ---- ; + a [; 0); x > a x l 0;
4 a
-
(; +) a = 0; ; 1
--- a (0; +); ) ; 1
--- ; ) (; +); ) (; 0) c (2; +). 20. )
a a
a (; 0], (a; a) a (0; +). -
a (; 0); a = 0; 1 1
--- ; + a (0; +). 11. ) --- ; +- ; a
a 3
x < a,
) ; --- ; ) (1; 2]; ) . 12. {1; 2; 3; 4}. 13. ) {2; 4}; ) ; x < a,
2
a < x < a; ) ; ) (4; 0). 21. ) (; +);
) {3 a; 3 + a} a [0; +), a [; 0); ) {a 2; a + 2} ) [1,5; +). 22. ) [0,75; 2,5]; ) (; 2) c (3; +]. 23. ) (2; +);
2
a (; +). 14. ) [3; +); ) (; 3]; ) 3
--- . 15. ) --- ; 4 . ) (; 3) c (1; 0]. 24. ) {2}; ) 4
--- . 25. {3}. 26. ) (1; +);
2 3 3
1
) (; 1). 27. (; 2) c (2; 2) c (2; +); ----------------- (x |m|).
|2x 1|2 = |x + 3|2, 2 m 4
(2x 1)2 (x + 3)2 = (2x 1 + x + 3)(2x 1 x 3) = 0, 28. F(x) = k1(kx + b) + b1.
29. ); ). 30. ); ). 31. ); ).
; ) (; +) a = 4; --a- + 2
2
y y
a 4. y y = 2x 1
16. ) {4,5; 4,5}. I . - y = 2x 3 y=3x
: 1) < x < 4, 2) 4 m x < 4, 3) 4 m 2 1
m x < +.
(x 4) + (1)(x + 4) = 9, 2x = 9; x = 4,5 O 1 O 1 x
. 1 x O x 1
2 3
(x 4) + (x + 4) = 9, 8 = 9 ( - y = 13 x
y=x2 2 y = 1 3x
), - 2 2
202 203
6. x = y + t. 5, . (x 4) + (x + 4) = 9 2x = 9;
x = 4,5 .
|t + y| m |t| + |y|, |t + y| |y| m |t|, II . f(x) = |x 4| + |x + 4| .
|x| |y| m |x y|. x0 l 0 , x0 .
8. ) a b, (a b)2 > 0, a2 2ab + b2 > 0, a2 + (x 4) + (x + 4) = 9
0 m x < 4 (x 4) + (x + 4) = 9 4 m x < +,
+ b2 > 2ab a b
--- + --- > 2. ( ab - x = 4,5. f(x)
b a
x = 4,5;
, ab > 0.) a = b, -
) [4; 4]; ) (; 4]; ) [4; +). 17. {6; 2}. 18. {0}.
.
19. ) (; +) a (; 0); (; a) c (a; +)
9. ) {a} a 0; {c | c R} a = 0; ) {a + 2} a 2;
a [0; +). a (; 0) -
a 3a + 9
2
{c | c R} a = 2; ) ----------------------------- x, |x| l 0 (
a (; 3) c (3; 3) c
a3 ). a -
c (3; +); {c | c R} a = 3; a = 3.
x > a x < 0,
10. ) ; 5 1
--- ; ) (; 7]; ) ---- ; + a [; 0); x > a x l 0;
4 a
-
(; +) a = 0; ; 1
--- a (0; +); ) ; 1
--- ; ) (; +); ) (; 0) c (2; +). 20. )
a a
a (; 0], (a; a) a (0; +). -
a (; 0); a = 0; 1 1
--- ; + a (0; +). 11. ) --- ; +- ; a
a 3
x < a,
) ; --- ; ) (1; 2]; ) . 12. {1; 2; 3; 4}. 13. ) {2; 4}; ) ; x < a,
2
a < x < a; ) ; ) (4; 0). 21. ) (; +);
) {3 a; 3 + a} a [0; +), a [; 0); ) {a 2; a + 2} ) [1,5; +). 22. ) [0,75; 2,5]; ) (; 2) c (3; +]. 23. ) (2; +);
2
a (; +). 14. ) [3; +); ) (; 3]; ) 3
--- . 15. ) --- ; 4 . ) (; 3) c (1; 0]. 24. ) {2}; ) 4
--- . 25. {3}. 26. ) (1; +);
2 3 3
1
) (; 1). 27. (; 2) c (2; 2) c (2; +); ----------------- (x |m|).
|2x 1|2 = |x + 3|2, 2 m 4
(2x 1)2 (x + 3)2 = (2x 1 + x + 3)(2x 1 x 3) = 0, 28. F(x) = k1(kx + b) + b1.
29. ); ). 30. ); ). 31. ); ).
; ) (; +) a = 4; --a- + 2
2
y y
a 4. y y = 2x 1
16. ) {4,5; 4,5}. I . - y = 2x 3 y=3x
: 1) < x < 4, 2) 4 m x < 4, 3) 4 m 2 1
m x < +.
(x 4) + (1)(x + 4) = 9, 2x = 9; x = 4,5 O 1 O 1 x
. 1 x O x 1
2 3
(x 4) + (x + 4) = 9, 8 = 9 ( - y = 13 x
y=x2 2 y = 1 3x
), - 2 2
202 203
32. ); ). 33. ); ). 40. 41. 42.
y y y
y
y 2
y = Ux 1U y = U2x + 1U 1
1
1 1 3
2 2 x 2 O 2 x
1 O
O 1 2 x 1 O 1 x
2
2 2
O 1 x
y = Ux + 2U
y = U2 4xU 43. 44. 45.
y y l UxU
y
y >x y
O
34. 35. 36. O x x O x
y y y
y < x
3 46. 47. 48.
5
2 y y y
x > UyU
y =x
O
1 O 1 3 x 2 O 3 x x 2
12 1
1
O x O x 2 O 2 x
3
2
37. 38. 39.
y 49. 50.
y
y y
y
1 1 1
4
x O x O 1 x
O 1 O x
1 2 1
1
51. a = 1. -
O 1 2 x
x = 0 y(0) = 1, -
204 205
32. ); ). 33. ); ). 40. 41. 42.
y y y
y
y 2
y = Ux 1U y = U2x + 1U 1
1
1 1 3
2 2 x 2 O 2 x
1 O
O 1 2 x 1 O 1 x
2
2 2
O 1 x
y = Ux + 2U
y = U2 4xU 43. 44. 45.
y y l UxU
y
y >x y
O
34. 35. 36. O x x O x
y y y
y < x
3 46. 47. 48.
5
2 y y y
x > UyU
y =x
O
1 O 1 3 x 2 O 3 x x 2
12 1
1
O x O x 2 O 2 x
3
2
37. 38. 39.
y 49. 50.
y
y y
y
1 1 1
4
x O x O 1 x
O 1 O x
1 2 1
1
51. a = 1. -
O 1 2 x
x = 0 y(0) = 1, -
204 205
, lim (2x + 1) = ymax (1) = a 1 a (1,5; 2); ymin (1,5) = 0, ymax (1) = ymax (2) = 0,5
x0
a = 1,5.
= lim (x + a) = 1, . . a = 1. 52. ) 1
--- . 8
x0 3 62. ) x 22
------ ; --- . : x 1 < 0,
5 3
,
x 1 l 0.
,
x 1 < 0 |x 1| = 1 x,
.
( 4x |x 1| + 7 = 4x (1 x) + 7 = 5x + 6.
, ),
,
x = 1 1
---, x = --- , y = 0
3 3 x < 1,
x < 1,
; x1<0
x = 22
------ ,
|5x + 6| = 16
|5x + 6| = 16,
) (; 1]. 5
|5x + 6| = 16
2x + 2 x l 1, x = 2,
y= 0 x < 1.
(1; +) y = 2, x = 1 - x = 22
------ .
5
, (; 1) y = 0 x 1 l 0 |x 1| = x 1,
. (; 1] -
; 4x |x 1| + 7 = 4x (x 1) + 7 = 3x + 8.
) [1; 1]; ) (; 3] c [3; +). 53. ) (; +); )
(; +). 54. ) (; 4), ,
(4; +); ) (; 0); (0; +). 55. ) -
x l 1, x l 1,
(; 10), (10; +); ) (5; 4); x 1 l 0, x = 8,
|3x + 8| = 16
3x + 8 = 16,
) (; 4), (3; 2) (1; 0);
3x + 8 = 16 x= 8
--- ,
3
(4; 3), (2; 1) (0; +). 56. ) x = 1
---
2
x = 8
--- .
3
; ) x = 3 2
--- . 57. ) x = ---
4 3 , .
; ) x = 2 . ), ).
) 25 9 13
------ ; --- ; ) 5; ------ ; ) {10}.
. 2 4 3
58. x = 2 . 59. x = 2 63. ) x [2; 3]. x = 2 x = 3 , -
a = 2. a , .
. : (; 2),
a < 2 ( a > 2 ). [2; 3] (3; +).
[a; 2] , .
. a = 2 x [; 2). x 2 < 0, 3 x > 0, . . |x 2| =
y = 2|x 2| x = 2 ( = x + 2, |3 x| = 3 x,
, -
; , |x 2| + |3 x| = 1, x + 2 + 3 x = 1,
x [; 2) x [; 2)
). 60. a [3; +). 61. ymin (1) = 1 a,
ymax (2) = 2 a a (; 1); ymin (2) = a 2, ymax (1) = a 1 x = 2,
x [; 2) .
a (2; +); ymin (a) = 0, ymax (2) = 2 a a (1; 1,5); ymin (a) = 0,
206 207
, lim (2x + 1) = ymax (1) = a 1 a (1,5; 2); ymin (1,5) = 0, ymax (1) = ymax (2) = 0,5
x0
a = 1,5.
= lim (x + a) = 1, . . a = 1. 52. ) 1
--- . 8
x0 3 62. ) x 22
------ ; --- . : x 1 < 0,
5 3
,
x 1 l 0.
,
x 1 < 0 |x 1| = 1 x,
.
( 4x |x 1| + 7 = 4x (1 x) + 7 = 5x + 6.
, ),
,
x = 1 1
---, x = --- , y = 0
3 3 x < 1,
x < 1,
; x1<0
x = 22
------ ,
|5x + 6| = 16
|5x + 6| = 16,
) (; 1]. 5
|5x + 6| = 16
2x + 2 x l 1, x = 2,
y= 0 x < 1.
(1; +) y = 2, x = 1 - x = 22
------ .
5
, (; 1) y = 0 x 1 l 0 |x 1| = x 1,
. (; 1] -
; 4x |x 1| + 7 = 4x (x 1) + 7 = 3x + 8.
) [1; 1]; ) (; 3] c [3; +). 53. ) (; +); )
(; +). 54. ) (; 4), ,
(4; +); ) (; 0); (0; +). 55. ) -
x l 1, x l 1,
(; 10), (10; +); ) (5; 4); x 1 l 0, x = 8,
|3x + 8| = 16
3x + 8 = 16,
) (; 4), (3; 2) (1; 0);
3x + 8 = 16 x= 8
--- ,
3
(4; 3), (2; 1) (0; +). 56. ) x = 1
---
2
x = 8
--- .
3
; ) x = 3 2
--- . 57. ) x = ---
4 3 , .
; ) x = 2 . ), ).
) 25 9 13
------ ; --- ; ) 5; ------ ; ) {10}.
. 2 4 3
58. x = 2 . 59. x = 2 63. ) x [2; 3]. x = 2 x = 3 , -
a = 2. a , .
. : (; 2),
a < 2 ( a > 2 ). [2; 3] (3; +).
[a; 2] , .
. a = 2 x [; 2). x 2 < 0, 3 x > 0, . . |x 2| =
y = 2|x 2| x = 2 ( = x + 2, |3 x| = 3 x,
, -
; , |x 2| + |3 x| = 1, x + 2 + 3 x = 1,
x [; 2) x [; 2)
). 60. a [3; +). 61. ymin (1) = 1 a,
ymax (2) = 2 a a (; 1); ymin (2) = a 2, ymax (1) = a 1 x = 2,
x [; 2) .
a (2; +); ymin (a) = 0, ymax (2) = 2 a a (1; 1,5); ymin (a) = 0,
206 207
x [2; 3]. x 2 l 0 3 x l 0, |x 2| = x 2
x m 5 5 1 1 7
--- , --- < x m 2, 2 < x m --- , --- < x m ---
|3 x| = 3 x. 2 2 2 2 2
|x 2| + |3 x| = 1, x 2 + 3 x = 1,
x [2; 3]
1 = 1,
x [2; 3] x [2; 3]. x> 7
--- . -
x [2; 3] 2
:
x (3; +). x 2 > 0, 3 x < 0, |x 2| =
= x 2, |3 x| = x 3. , 2x 5 + x + 1 < 0,
|x 2| + |3 x| = 1, x 2 + x 3 = 1, x = 3, 4 < x m 5
--- ,
x (3; +) x m 5
--- , 2 (I)
x (3; +) x (3; +) 2
. 2x + 5 + x + 1 < 0,
5
--- < x < 2, (II)
. 5
--- < x m 2, 2
2
) 3 5 1 4 8
--- ; --- ; ) --- ; 2 ; ) --- ; --- .
4 4 2 3 3 2x + 5 x 3 < 0,
, (III)
64. ) x [6; 2]. , 2 < x m 1
--- ,
: 2
2x + 7 x 3 < 0,
x< 2
--- , 1 7
4 7
--- < x m --- ,
3 --- < x m --- , 3 2 (IV)
9 2x (2 3x) l 1, 2 2
2 9 2x 7 x 3 < 0,
--- m x m --- , 7
--- < x < 10,
3 2 7 (V)
--- < x, 2
9 2x + (2 3x) l 1, 2
x> 9
--- ,
2 (I)(V), .
(9 2x) + (2 3x) l 1. II (). y1(x) = |x + 2| +
+ 1 y2(x) = ||2x 1| 6| 10.
x< 2
--- ,
3 y
x l 6, 13
2 9 6 m x < 2
--- ,
--- m x < --- , 3
3 2 6 m x m 2.
2
x m 2, --- m x m 2 y1(x)
3
x> 9
--- ,
2 6
5
x m 8 13 y2(x)
3
) [1; 7]; ) [3; 1]; ) [1; 1]. 3
65. ) x (4; 2) c 4
--- ; 10- . I (). -
3 1
, 4 5 2 0
1 4 7
10 x
2 2
3 2
, . . x = 5 1 7
--- , x = 2, x = --- x = --- .
2 2 2 . 10
208 209
x [2; 3]. x 2 l 0 3 x l 0, |x 2| = x 2
x m 5 5 1 1 7
--- , --- < x m 2, 2 < x m --- , --- < x m ---
|3 x| = 3 x. 2 2 2 2 2
|x 2| + |3 x| = 1, x 2 + 3 x = 1,
x [2; 3]
1 = 1,
x [2; 3] x [2; 3]. x> 7
--- . -
x [2; 3] 2
:
x (3; +). x 2 > 0, 3 x < 0, |x 2| =
= x 2, |3 x| = x 3. , 2x 5 + x + 1 < 0,
|x 2| + |3 x| = 1, x 2 + x 3 = 1, x = 3, 4 < x m 5
--- ,
x (3; +) x m 5
--- , 2 (I)
x (3; +) x (3; +) 2
. 2x + 5 + x + 1 < 0,
5
--- < x < 2, (II)
. 5
--- < x m 2, 2
2
) 3 5 1 4 8
--- ; --- ; ) --- ; 2 ; ) --- ; --- .
4 4 2 3 3 2x + 5 x 3 < 0,
, (III)
64. ) x [6; 2]. , 2 < x m 1
--- ,
: 2
2x + 7 x 3 < 0,
x< 2
--- , 1 7
4 7
--- < x m --- ,
3 --- < x m --- , 3 2 (IV)
9 2x (2 3x) l 1, 2 2
2 9 2x 7 x 3 < 0,
--- m x m --- , 7
--- < x < 10,
3 2 7 (V)
--- < x, 2
9 2x + (2 3x) l 1, 2
x> 9
--- ,
2 (I)(V), .
(9 2x) + (2 3x) l 1. II (). y1(x) = |x + 2| +
+ 1 y2(x) = ||2x 1| 6| 10.
x< 2
--- ,
3 y
x l 6, 13
2 9 6 m x < 2
--- ,
--- m x < --- , 3
3 2 6 m x m 2.
2
x m 2, --- m x m 2 y1(x)
3
x> 9
--- ,
2 6
5
x m 8 13 y2(x)
3
) [1; 7]; ) [3; 1]; ) [1; 1]. 3
65. ) x (4; 2) c 4
--- ; 10- . I (). -
3 1
, 4 5 2 0
1 4 7
10 x
2 2
3 2
, . . x = 5 1 7
--- , x = 2, x = --- x = --- .
2 2 2 . 10
208 209
. x1 + x2 = 2(k 1) < 0,
, - x1x2 = k + 5 > 0; [4; +). -
y1(x) y2(x). - , k (; 1] -
(4; 2) 4 .
--- ; 10 , . . . -
3
40 + 13 13 1 40
12. ) ------ ; 1
-------------------- c -------------------- ; ------ . f(x) =
7 2 2 7
.
= ax2 + bx + c (a > 0) x1 x2, -
) 16 16
------ ; ------ c 22 26
------ ; ------ ; ) 23; 13
------ c 1; 11
------ ; x0, -
3 5 9 3 5 5
:
) 4; 3
--- c 0; 1
--- .
2 2 D = b2 4ac l 0, m2 2 4(m2 5) l 0,
x +x
b 1 2
- = ------------------- < x0,
------ m
----- < 1,
2a 2 4
2. . 2 12 + m 1 + m2 5 > 0.
f(x0) > 0
, ;
1 1
1. ) {3; 4}; ) {1; 5}; ) 1
--- ; --- ; ) --- ; 3 ; ) {1 6 }; 40 13 + 1 + 13 40
3 2 3 ) ------ ; --------------------
c -1
-------------------- ; ------- . 13. (2; 3).
7 2 2 7
14. k (6; 6,75). f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a > 0)
) ------------------------
1 65
- . 2. ) (; 1) c (4; +); ) [1; 4]; ) (; 2) c
4 x1 x2, p q, -
, :
c (2; +); ) 1 1
--- ; ) (; +); ) . 3. ) --- ; ) {1; 3};
2 2 D = b2 4ac l 0,
[2(k 3)]2 4 9 > 0,
f(p) > 0,
) (; 3] c [3; 4); ) [5; 1] c {5}; ) ; ) ; ) {2} c -2 161 f(q) > 0, (6)2 + 2(k 3)(6) + 9 > 0,
---------- ; 3 .
163 12 + 2(k 3) 1 + 9 > 0,
b
2 2
p < ------
- <q 6 < (k 3) < 1.
4. ) 15. x1 + x2 = (x1 + x2)2 2a
3 3
2x1x2; ) 22. x 1 + x 2 = (x1 + x2)3 , . 15. k (5; 24).
3x1x2(x1 + x2); ) 127. 6. {1}. 9. a (0; 4). , 4
16. m 0; ------ . 17. m (2,5; +).
61
2 4a
a
-------------------- = x1x2, x1 x2 , - 18. ) {2; 2}. -
2
a 2 4a
- < 0. 10. a (2; 2).
-------------------
2 x2 x 2 = 0, x2 + x 2 = 0,
11. k (; 1]. - x l 0; x < 0.
, D = [2(k 1)]2 4(k + 5) l 0.
: (; 1] c x1 = 1
c [4; +). k - x2 = 2. x1 ,
, . x = 2. -
k, . - x = 2 ; ) .
210 211
. x1 + x2 = 2(k 1) < 0,
, - x1x2 = k + 5 > 0; [4; +). -
y1(x) y2(x). - , k (; 1] -
(4; 2) 4 .
--- ; 10 , . . . -
3
40 + 13 13 1 40
12. ) ------ ; 1
-------------------- c -------------------- ; ------ . f(x) =
7 2 2 7
.
= ax2 + bx + c (a > 0) x1 x2, -
) 16 16
------ ; ------ c 22 26
------ ; ------ ; ) 23; 13
------ c 1; 11
------ ; x0, -
3 5 9 3 5 5
:
) 4; 3
--- c 0; 1
--- .
2 2 D = b2 4ac l 0, m2 2 4(m2 5) l 0,
x +x
b 1 2
- = ------------------- < x0,
------ m
----- < 1,
2a 2 4
2. . 2 12 + m 1 + m2 5 > 0.
f(x0) > 0
, ;
1 1
1. ) {3; 4}; ) {1; 5}; ) 1
--- ; --- ; ) --- ; 3 ; ) {1 6 }; 40 13 + 1 + 13 40
3 2 3 ) ------ ; --------------------
c -1
-------------------- ; ------- . 13. (2; 3).
7 2 2 7
14. k (6; 6,75). f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a > 0)
) ------------------------
1 65
- . 2. ) (; 1) c (4; +); ) [1; 4]; ) (; 2) c
4 x1 x2, p q, -
, :
c (2; +); ) 1 1
--- ; ) (; +); ) . 3. ) --- ; ) {1; 3};
2 2 D = b2 4ac l 0,
[2(k 3)]2 4 9 > 0,
f(p) > 0,
) (; 3] c [3; 4); ) [5; 1] c {5}; ) ; ) ; ) {2} c -2 161 f(q) > 0, (6)2 + 2(k 3)(6) + 9 > 0,
---------- ; 3 .
163 12 + 2(k 3) 1 + 9 > 0,
b
2 2
p < ------
- <q 6 < (k 3) < 1.
4. ) 15. x1 + x2 = (x1 + x2)2 2a
3 3
2x1x2; ) 22. x 1 + x 2 = (x1 + x2)3 , . 15. k (5; 24).
3x1x2(x1 + x2); ) 127. 6. {1}. 9. a (0; 4). , 4
16. m 0; ------ . 17. m (2,5; +).
61
2 4a
a
-------------------- = x1x2, x1 x2 , - 18. ) {2; 2}. -
2
a 2 4a
- < 0. 10. a (2; 2).
-------------------
2 x2 x 2 = 0, x2 + x 2 = 0,
11. k (; 1]. - x l 0; x < 0.
, D = [2(k 1)]2 4(k + 5) l 0.
: (; 1] c x1 = 1
c [4; +). k - x2 = 2. x1 ,
, . x = 2. -
k, . - x = 2 ; ) .
210 211
5 41 1 1 5 34. ); ). 34. ); ).
19. ) ------------------------
- ; --- ; 2 ; ) ---------------------- . 20. ) (; 3] c [2; +);
4 2 2
1 1 17
; ) (; 1] c [0; +); ) . 21. ) 1
y
) ---- ; --- -------------------- ; y
3 2 2 1 O
17 1 13 2 1 x
) 1
-------------------- . 22. ) ; ) -------------------- . 23. --- ; 2 .
1) 2
2 3 O
5 1 x
1
+ 1) 2
+
y=
24. ) (4; 4). - 1
(x
)2
+1
2 (x
y=
x2
1
x2 x 12 < 0, x2 + x 12 < 0,
2 (x
2
1
x l 0; x < 0.
y=
y=
x [0; 4), x (4; 0).
, ; ) (; 3) c [3; +); ) [5; 2] c 35. 36.
+ 34 34 5 1 y
c [2; 5]; ) (; +); ) . 25. ) ; 5
-------------------- c -------------------- ; --- c
3 3 3 1
y 2 2
y = 4x2 + 4x +
x
c (3; +); ) [2; 1]. 26. ) (; 5] c [4; +); ) 0; 1
--- ; ) [4; 2].
O 1
2 1
y=x
27. ) (; 1) c (2 + 11 ; +); ) (3; 0) c (1; 2). 28. ) (; 4) c
y=3
2
+x+
1
465 9 + 465
y=x
5
c 3; 9 5 5
------------------------ c ------------------------ ; +- ; ) --- ; ---- . 29. ) {0}; ) [1; 1];
xx
6 6 3 33
x2
1
2
1
) (; 1] c [3; +); ) (; 4) c (0; +); ) [4; 1] c [0; 4];
+ 5x
2
y=x
2
) (3; 1] c {0} c [1; 3). 31. a [5; +).
+6
1
32. ) 3 8 + x ; ) 3 + 8+x.
O
33. ); ). 33. ); ). x
12 y = 2x x2 1
y
37. ); ). 37. ).
2) 2
y
y = 2(x
y y
2
)2
y=x
1
U+ 3
x2
2) 2
-1 1
2
y = x2
- 4Ux
3
y=(
+ 4U
O x
y = 2(x
y = x2
xU+
1
1
3
1
O 1 2 x x
O x 3 O 1 3
1 1 1
212 213
5 41 1 1 5 34. ); ). 34. ); ).
19. ) ------------------------
- ; --- ; 2 ; ) ---------------------- . 20. ) (; 3] c [2; +);
4 2 2
1 1 17
; ) (; 1] c [0; +); ) . 21. ) 1
y
) ---- ; --- -------------------- ; y
3 2 2 1 O
17 1 13 2 1 x
) 1
-------------------- . 22. ) ; ) -------------------- . 23. --- ; 2 .
1) 2
2 3 O
5 1 x
1
+ 1) 2
+
y=
24. ) (4; 4). - 1
(x
)2
+1
2 (x
y=
x2
1
x2 x 12 < 0, x2 + x 12 < 0,
2 (x
2
1
x l 0; x < 0.
y=
y=
x [0; 4), x (4; 0).
, ; ) (; 3) c [3; +); ) [5; 2] c 35. 36.
+ 34 34 5 1 y
c [2; 5]; ) (; +); ) . 25. ) ; 5
-------------------- c -------------------- ; --- c
3 3 3 1
y 2 2
y = 4x2 + 4x +
x
c (3; +); ) [2; 1]. 26. ) (; 5] c [4; +); ) 0; 1
--- ; ) [4; 2].
O 1
2 1
y=x
27. ) (; 1) c (2 + 11 ; +); ) (3; 0) c (1; 2). 28. ) (; 4) c
y=3
2
+x+
1
465 9 + 465
y=x
5
c 3; 9 5 5
------------------------ c ------------------------ ; +- ; ) --- ; ---- . 29. ) {0}; ) [1; 1];
xx
6 6 3 33
x2
1
2
1
) (; 1] c [3; +); ) (; 4) c (0; +); ) [4; 1] c [0; 4];
+ 5x
2
y=x
2
) (3; 1] c {0} c [1; 3). 31. a [5; +).
+6
1
32. ) 3 8 + x ; ) 3 + 8+x.
O
33. ); ). 33. ); ). x
12 y = 2x x2 1
y
37. ); ). 37. ).
2) 2
y
y = 2(x
y y
2
)2
y=x
1
U+ 3
x2
2) 2
-1 1
2
y = x2
- 4Ux
3
y=(
+ 4U
O x
y = 2(x
y = x2
xU+
1
1
3
1
O 1 2 x x
O x 3 O 1 3
1 1 1
212 213
38. 39. ). xa
M1(x1; y1) M2(x2; y2), ----------------
- =
3a a
y y
y a2
= ---------------------- , y = 4ax 3a2. , -
xU
9a 2 a 2
x2 +
k = 4a. y = x2 -
y=U
y(x0) = 2x0 = k = 4a, : x0 = 2a, y0 = (2a)2 = 4a2.
2
48. y = 1. 49. y = 8. 50. ) k = 17; ) k (; 17). 51. ) {3}; ) {2};
1
1 1
2 ) {5}; ) {5}. 52. ) 1
--- ; 0; --- ; ) 3; --- . 53. ) {1; 3; 5};
1 O x 2 1 O 1 2 x 2 2 4
1
2xU
) {4; 2; 0}; ) {1}. 54. ) 3; 2; 1
--- ; 2 ; ) [ 3 ; 1] c {0} c
2
Ux 2
c [1; 3 ]. 55. ) {1; 2}; ) {1; 3}; ) {2}. 56. ) (; 1,5); ) (2; +);
y=
) (; 1) (0; 1); ) (; 2), (1; 0) (1; 2). 57. ) (1,5; +);
+ 17 17 1
) (; 2); ) (; 0,5); ) 1 1
-------------------- ; --- -------------------- ; +- .
39. ). 40. 41. 2 2 2
58. ) x = 0 ; ) x = 0 ;
y y y ) x = 1 ; ) x = 2 ; ) x =
= 1 ; ) x = 1
--- . 59. ) -
8
5
; ) x = 1,5 ;
3 3
) x = 1 ; x = 0,5 .
O x
1 x < 1 y = (x 2)(x + 1), y = 1
2 2x, y > 0 x (; 1); x > 1 y =
O 1 2 x 3 2 3 x
O = (x 2)(x + 1), y = 2x 1 y < 0 x (1; 0,5). x = 1
y = (3
2)
6 ( x = 1 ),
xU(x
x)Ux
5 . -
y=U
, x = 1 ; y(0,5) = 0 y > 0 x
+ 1U
(0,5; +), x = 0,5 . 60. ) x = 1,5
x = 1,5 ; x = 0 ; ) x =
42. ) 2x 6; ) 2x 1; ) 6x + 1; ) 8x tg 2; ) x 3; = 0 ; ) x = 0,5 . 61. ) x =
= 4, x = 2, x = 2, x = 4 ; x = 3, x = 0, x =
x
) 2x
------- + ; ) 10(5x + 1); ) 4 --- ; ) 2 ax; ) 2(a 1)x a. 65 1
3 2 = 3 ; ) x = -------------------- , x = 4 -
2
43. ) 3; ) 7; ) 0; ) 1. 44. ) arctg 9; ) arctg 4; ) --- ; ) 3
------- ; ; x = 0,5 . 62. )
3 4
) arctg 13. 45. ) y = 1 6x; ) y = 3x + 3,5; ) y = 4. 46. 0,5. ; ) x = 0 . 63. ) ymin = y(1) = 7,
47. (2a; 4a2). ymax = y(2) = 15; ) ymax = y(2) = 14, ymin = y(3) = 29; ) ymax =
x1 x2 y1 = a2 y2 = 9a2. , - = y(1) = 8, ymin = y(1) = 4; ) ymin = y(0) = 1, ymax = y(3) = 8.
214 215
38. 39. ). xa
M1(x1; y1) M2(x2; y2), ----------------
- =
3a a
y y
y a2
= ---------------------- , y = 4ax 3a2. , -
xU
9a 2 a 2
x2 +
k = 4a. y = x2 -
y=U
y(x0) = 2x0 = k = 4a, : x0 = 2a, y0 = (2a)2 = 4a2.
2
48. y = 1. 49. y = 8. 50. ) k = 17; ) k (; 17). 51. ) {3}; ) {2};
1
1 1
2 ) {5}; ) {5}. 52. ) 1
--- ; 0; --- ; ) 3; --- . 53. ) {1; 3; 5};
1 O x 2 1 O 1 2 x 2 2 4
1
2xU
) {4; 2; 0}; ) {1}. 54. ) 3; 2; 1
--- ; 2 ; ) [ 3 ; 1] c {0} c
2
Ux 2
c [1; 3 ]. 55. ) {1; 2}; ) {1; 3}; ) {2}. 56. ) (; 1,5); ) (2; +);
y=
) (; 1) (0; 1); ) (; 2), (1; 0) (1; 2). 57. ) (1,5; +);
+ 17 17 1
) (; 2); ) (; 0,5); ) 1 1
-------------------- ; --- -------------------- ; +- .
39. ). 40. 41. 2 2 2
58. ) x = 0 ; ) x = 0 ;
y y y ) x = 1 ; ) x = 2 ; ) x =
= 1 ; ) x = 1
--- . 59. ) -
8
5
; ) x = 1,5 ;
3 3
) x = 1 ; x = 0,5 .
O x
1 x < 1 y = (x 2)(x + 1), y = 1
2 2x, y > 0 x (; 1); x > 1 y =
O 1 2 x 3 2 3 x
O = (x 2)(x + 1), y = 2x 1 y < 0 x (1; 0,5). x = 1
y = (3
2)
6 ( x = 1 ),
xU(x
x)Ux
5 . -
y=U
, x = 1 ; y(0,5) = 0 y > 0 x
+ 1U
(0,5; +), x = 0,5 . 60. ) x = 1,5
x = 1,5 ; x = 0 ; ) x =
42. ) 2x 6; ) 2x 1; ) 6x + 1; ) 8x tg 2; ) x 3; = 0 ; ) x = 0,5 . 61. ) x =
= 4, x = 2, x = 2, x = 4 ; x = 3, x = 0, x =
x
) 2x
------- + ; ) 10(5x + 1); ) 4 --- ; ) 2 ax; ) 2(a 1)x a. 65 1
3 2 = 3 ; ) x = -------------------- , x = 4 -
2
43. ) 3; ) 7; ) 0; ) 1. 44. ) arctg 9; ) arctg 4; ) --- ; ) 3
------- ; ; x = 0,5 . 62. )
3 4
) arctg 13. 45. ) y = 1 6x; ) y = 3x + 3,5; ) y = 4. 46. 0,5. ; ) x = 0 . 63. ) ymin = y(1) = 7,
47. (2a; 4a2). ymax = y(2) = 15; ) ymax = y(2) = 14, ymin = y(3) = 29; ) ymax =
x1 x2 y1 = a2 y2 = 9a2. , - = y(1) = 8, ymin = y(1) = 4; ) ymin = y(0) = 1, ymax = y(3) = 8.
214 215
64. ) ymax = y(3) = 10, ymin = y(1) = 2; ) ymin = y(1) = 2, ymax = 69. ) = 6. x1 x2 -
= y(4) = 2; ) ymin = y(0) = 0, ymax = y(2) = 4. 65. , . , ,
b
x1 < ------
- < x2. 66. (x) = f(x) A, -
2a 2 2
x 1 + x 2 = 13,
x1 x2 , (x) = f(x)
x1 + x2 = 5,
65. 67. 0,5(x1 + x2).
x1x2 = c.
68. ) (2 + 5 ; 2 + 3 ). -
- 2 2
, : (x1 + x2)2 = ( x 1 + x 2 ) + 2x1x2, -
25 = 13 + 2c, c = 6. ,
x m ------------------------
3 21
-, . , c = 6
2
x2 + 5x + 6 = 0.
x2 + 3x 3 < x + 2, 2 2
x1 = 2 x2 = 3. x 1 + x 2 = 4 + 9 = 13. -
3 21 3 + 21
------------------------- < x < ------------------------- ,
2 2 c = 6.
x2 3x + 3 < x + 2, ) 2; ) 1; ) 4.
70. ) a (; 3] c [5; +). f(x) = x2 2ax + 8a 15.
3 + 21
------------------------- m x m 1, ,
2
x2 + 3x 3 < x + 2, x2 2ax + 8a 15 = 0
x > 1, (1; +) :
x2 3x + 3 < x + 2. 1) -
, ;
2) , , , .
x m ------------------------
3 21
-, ,
2 , D > 0 f(1) < 0, . .
x2 + 2x 5 < 0,
(a 3)(a 5) > 0,
3 21 3 + 21 a2 8a + 15 > 0,
------------------------- < x < ------------------------- , a< 7
2 2 2 + 5 < x < ------------------------
3 + 21
-, 1 + 6a 15 < 0 --- .
3
2
x2 + 4x 1 > 0,
3 + 21
------------------------- m x m 1,
, a -; 7
--- c (5; +).
3 + 21 3
2 ------------------------- m x m 1,
2 , D l 0, f(1) l 0
x2 + 2x 5 < 0,
x > 1, 1, . .
x2 4x 1 < 0, 1<x<2+ 3.
(a 3)(a 5) l 0,
(a 3)(a 5) l 0,
, . 1 + 6a 15 l 0, al 7
--- ,
3
+3 2 a>1
) (; 3 2 2 ] c [ 1 + 2 3 ; +); ) 5 3
--------------------- ; --- c a > 1.
2 2
54 2
c 3
--- ; --------------------- ; ) (; 4 + 2 5 ] c [8 + 2 14 ; +). , a -7
--- ; 3 c [5; +).
2 2 3
216 217
64. ) ymax = y(3) = 10, ymin = y(1) = 2; ) ymin = y(1) = 2, ymax = 69. ) = 6. x1 x2 -
= y(4) = 2; ) ymin = y(0) = 0, ymax = y(2) = 4. 65. , . , ,
b
x1 < ------
- < x2. 66. (x) = f(x) A, -
2a 2 2
x 1 + x 2 = 13,
x1 x2 , (x) = f(x)
x1 + x2 = 5,
65. 67. 0,5(x1 + x2).
x1x2 = c.
68. ) (2 + 5 ; 2 + 3 ). -
- 2 2
, : (x1 + x2)2 = ( x 1 + x 2 ) + 2x1x2, -
25 = 13 + 2c, c = 6. ,
x m ------------------------
3 21
-, . , c = 6
2
x2 + 5x + 6 = 0.
x2 + 3x 3 < x + 2, 2 2
x1 = 2 x2 = 3. x 1 + x 2 = 4 + 9 = 13. -
3 21 3 + 21
------------------------- < x < ------------------------- ,
2 2 c = 6.
x2 3x + 3 < x + 2, ) 2; ) 1; ) 4.
70. ) a (; 3] c [5; +). f(x) = x2 2ax + 8a 15.
3 + 21
------------------------- m x m 1, ,
2
x2 + 3x 3 < x + 2, x2 2ax + 8a 15 = 0
x > 1, (1; +) :
x2 3x + 3 < x + 2. 1) -
, ;
2) , , , .
x m ------------------------
3 21
-, ,
2 , D > 0 f(1) < 0, . .
x2 + 2x 5 < 0,
(a 3)(a 5) > 0,
3 21 3 + 21 a2 8a + 15 > 0,
------------------------- < x < ------------------------- , a< 7
2 2 2 + 5 < x < ------------------------
3 + 21
-, 1 + 6a 15 < 0 --- .
3
2
x2 + 4x 1 > 0,
3 + 21
------------------------- m x m 1,
, a -; 7
--- c (5; +).
3 + 21 3
2 ------------------------- m x m 1,
2 , D l 0, f(1) l 0
x2 + 2x 5 < 0,
x > 1, 1, . .
x2 4x 1 < 0, 1<x<2+ 3.
(a 3)(a 5) l 0,
(a 3)(a 5) l 0,
, . 1 + 6a 15 l 0, al 7
--- ,
3
+3 2 a>1
) (; 3 2 2 ] c [ 1 + 2 3 ; +); ) 5 3
--------------------- ; --- c a > 1.
2 2
54 2
c 3
--- ; --------------------- ; ) (; 4 + 2 5 ] c [8 + 2 14 ; +). , a -7
--- ; 3 c [5; +).
2 2 3
216 217
, 57 9 + 57
, , . . ) c < 0; ) p 0; 9
-------------------- c -------------------- ; + ;
2 2
a (; 3] c [5; +).
17
) b (; 2] c [4; +); ) c (; 1] c [4; +); ) d (; 3] c ) q ; 1
-------------------- .
2
c [4; +).
71. ) 4. a ( R), - 73. ) a 13
------ ; + . 3 = 0, -
(, , 3
) 4x + 4 > 0 x < 1. -
, a = 3 -
(2a 1)2 4(a2 + 2) l 0 a m 7
--- . .
4
3 < 0,
a x1 x2 , , -
x1 2x2, x1 > 0. , , a < 3 -
.
2
x1 + x2 = 3x1 = (2a 1), x1x2 = 2 x 1 = 2 + 2, 3 > 0, , -
x,
( 2a 1 ) 2 a2 + 2
------------------------ = ---------------- (a + 4)2 = 0 a = 4.
9 2
3 > 0,
= 4 m 7
--- a = 4
4 D = (a + 1)2 4(a 3)(a + 1) < 0
1
x1 = 2a
----------------- . , a = 4 - a > 3,
3 a 3 > 0,
(a + 1)(13 3a) < 0 a < 1, a > 13
------ ,
. 3
) 2; 9 3 6
--- ; ) --- ; 6; ) ------ ; 6.
2 2 19
. . a > 13
------ . -
3
72. ) a > 4 + 17 . -
x = x0 ,
-
D = 0, a = 13
------ (, a > 3). ,
3
D= 1 a 1 a+1
--- (a2 1) 4 --- = --- (a2 8a 1) > 0, , x0 = ---------------------- = 2.
4 2 4 2(a 3) 13
a = ------
a 3
--- > 0,
2 , x0 = 2
a2 1 > 0 x = 2.
a :
a2 8a 1 > 0,
a > 0, a>4+ 17 . a > 13 13
------ a = ------ .
3 3
a>1
,
, -
13
------ ; + .
a > 4 + 17 . 3
218 219
, 57 9 + 57
, , . . ) c < 0; ) p 0; 9
-------------------- c -------------------- ; + ;
2 2
a (; 3] c [5; +).
17
) b (; 2] c [4; +); ) c (; 1] c [4; +); ) d (; 3] c ) q ; 1
-------------------- .
2
c [4; +).
71. ) 4. a ( R), - 73. ) a 13
------ ; + . 3 = 0, -
(, , 3
) 4x + 4 > 0 x < 1. -
, a = 3 -
(2a 1)2 4(a2 + 2) l 0 a m 7
--- . .
4
3 < 0,
a x1 x2 , , -
x1 2x2, x1 > 0. , , a < 3 -
.
2
x1 + x2 = 3x1 = (2a 1), x1x2 = 2 x 1 = 2 + 2, 3 > 0, , -
x,
( 2a 1 ) 2 a2 + 2
------------------------ = ---------------- (a + 4)2 = 0 a = 4.
9 2
3 > 0,
= 4 m 7
--- a = 4
4 D = (a + 1)2 4(a 3)(a + 1) < 0
1
x1 = 2a
----------------- . , a = 4 - a > 3,
3 a 3 > 0,
(a + 1)(13 3a) < 0 a < 1, a > 13
------ ,
. 3
) 2; 9 3 6
--- ; ) --- ; 6; ) ------ ; 6.
2 2 19
. . a > 13
------ . -
3
72. ) a > 4 + 17 . -
x = x0 ,
-
D = 0, a = 13
------ (, a > 3). ,
3
D= 1 a 1 a+1
--- (a2 1) 4 --- = --- (a2 8a 1) > 0, , x0 = ---------------------- = 2.
4 2 4 2(a 3) 13
a = ------
a 3
--- > 0,
2 , x0 = 2
a2 1 > 0 x = 2.
a :
a2 8a 1 > 0,
a > 0, a>4+ 17 . a > 13 13
------ a = ------ .
3 3
a>1
,
, -
13
------ ; + .
a > 4 + 17 . 3
218 219
7. a); ). 7. ); ).
) b 10
------ ; + ; ) c 4
--- ; + ; ) d 13
------ ; + .
3 3 9
y y
74. a = 2. 75. a -2; 9
--- .
4
y = 1x y= 2
1
x
y= 1x
1 y= 1
2+x
O x 2 O 1 1 x
3. 2 y= 1 y= 1x
y= x y = 1x 2+x
4
1. ) 1
--- ; ) ; ) ------------- a (; 0) c (0; +); a = 0;
5 a2 8. ). 8. ).
1 1 y y
- ; ------------- a (0; +); a (; 0]. 2. ) {2};
) ------------
a + 2 a+2
12 O
+3 1 x
) ; ) {1; 3}; ) a
------------- a (; 1) c (1; 3) c (3; +); 1
2 3 2
O 3 x
a {1; 3} 3. ) (0;1); ) (; 0) c [1; +); ) (; 1) c (2; +);
) [3,5; 3); ) (1 + a; 1) a (; 0), a {0}, (1; 1 + a)
a (0; +); ) (; 1) c (1 a; +) a (; 0); (; 1) c 9. ); ). 9. ).
c (1; +) a {0}, (; 1 a] c (1; +) a (0; +).
4. ) (; 3) c (1; +); ) 5 3
--- ; --- . 5. ) [1; 4) c (4; +). -
2 2 y
y
; ) (; 3) c 3; 1
--- . y =1 2
y =2+ 1
3 x x
1
2
1 O
6. ) (; 4] c [0; +); ) (; 4) c 8
--- ; 2 c (2; +). y =2
x
7 y =1 y = 12
, x 0,5 x 2
12 O x
x2 2x 1
---------------
- < -------------------- . - 1 2
2 3 y =2+ x y =1 x
,
9. ). 10. ).
( -
) (7x 8) (x + 4) > 0, - y y
x2
; ) ; 11 7
------ c --- ; + . - = y,
---------------
4 2 x3 x
O 2 4
y=1
y l 0; ) (; 2) a (; 0) c --2- ; + , (2; +) a 0; 2
--- ; y = 3
3 3
1 O 1 x
a 2
--- .
3
220 221
7. a); ). 7. ); ).
) b 10
------ ; + ; ) c 4
--- ; + ; ) d 13
------ ; + .
3 3 9
y y
74. a = 2. 75. a -2; 9
--- .
4
y = 1x y= 2
1
x
y= 1x
1 y= 1
2+x
O x 2 O 1 1 x
3. 2 y= 1 y= 1x
y= x y = 1x 2+x
4
1. ) 1
--- ; ) ; ) ------------- a (; 0) c (0; +); a = 0;
5 a2 8. ). 8. ).
1 1 y y
- ; ------------- a (0; +); a (; 0]. 2. ) {2};
) ------------
a + 2 a+2
12 O
+3 1 x
) ; ) {1; 3}; ) a
------------- a (; 1) c (1; 3) c (3; +); 1
2 3 2
O 3 x
a {1; 3} 3. ) (0;1); ) (; 0) c [1; +); ) (; 1) c (2; +);
) [3,5; 3); ) (1 + a; 1) a (; 0), a {0}, (1; 1 + a)
a (0; +); ) (; 1) c (1 a; +) a (; 0); (; 1) c 9. ); ). 9. ).
c (1; +) a {0}, (; 1 a] c (1; +) a (0; +).
4. ) (; 3) c (1; +); ) 5 3
--- ; --- . 5. ) [1; 4) c (4; +). -
2 2 y
y
; ) (; 3) c 3; 1
--- . y =1 2
y =2+ 1
3 x x
1
2
1 O
6. ) (; 4] c [0; +); ) (; 4) c 8
--- ; 2 c (2; +). y =2
x
7 y =1 y = 12
, x 0,5 x 2
12 O x
x2 2x 1
---------------
- < -------------------- . - 1 2
2 3 y =2+ x y =1 x
,
9. ). 10. ).
( -
) (7x 8) (x + 4) > 0, - y y
x2
; ) ; 11 7
------ c --- ; + . - = y,
---------------
4 2 x3 x
O 2 4
y=1
y l 0; ) (; 2) a (; 0) c --2- ; + , (2; +) a 0; 2
--- ; y = 3
3 3
1 O 1 x
a 2
--- .
3
220 221
10. ). 10. ). 12. ). 13. ).
y y
y
y
1
1 O
y=2 1 1 x
1
1
y=1 O
x 3 O x
3 1 1
1 O x
13. ). 14. ).
y
y
10. ). 11. ). 2
1
y 1 1
4 3 O O 1 x
y 2 2 x 1
1 2
2
1
O 3 x 2
y = 1
2 O 2 x
14. ).
y
2
1 13
3 O x
3
11. ). 12. ).
y 5
y
2
1 1 1 2 1 1 2
15. ) -----
- ; ) -----2- ; ) ------------------------2- ; ) --------------------2- ; 16. ) --------------------2- ;
O 2 x 2 O 4 x 2 x x 2(x + 1) (1 x) (x + 2)
2 1
2 5 11 1
- ; ) --------------------2- ; ) ------------------------2- . 17. ) 3; ) --- ; ) 1; ) 1.
) ------------------------
( 2x 1 ) 2 (x + 1) ( 1 3x ) 4
18. ) --- ; ) arctg 5 1 5
--- ; ) arctg --- ; ) arctg 4; ) arctg --- ;
4 9 9 4
222 223
10. ). 10. ). 12. ). 13. ).
y y
y
y
1
1 O
y=2 1 1 x
1
1
y=1 O
x 3 O x
3 1 1
1 O x
13. ). 14. ).
y
y
10. ). 11. ). 2
1
y 1 1
4 3 O O 1 x
y 2 2 x 1
1 2
2
1
O 3 x 2
y = 1
2 O 2 x
14. ).
y
2
1 13
3 O x
3
11. ). 12. ).
y 5
y
2
1 1 1 2 1 1 2
15. ) -----
- ; ) -----2- ; ) ------------------------2- ; ) --------------------2- ; 16. ) --------------------2- ;
O 2 x 2 O 4 x 2 x x 2(x + 1) (1 x) (x + 2)
2 1
2 5 11 1
- ; ) --------------------2- ; ) ------------------------2- . 17. ) 3; ) --- ; ) 1; ) 1.
) ------------------------
( 2x 1 ) 2 (x + 1) ( 1 3x ) 4
18. ) --- ; ) arctg 5 1 5
--- ; ) arctg --- ; ) arctg 4; ) arctg --- ;
4 9 9 4
222 223
) arctg 6. 19. ) x 3y 6 = 0; ) y + x = 0; ) 4y 5x + 6 = 0; q ( q, p2 ). -
) 36y + 29x 23 = 0. 20. ) M1(0; 1); M2(2; 3); ) M1 1
--- ; 3 ;
, (1) p(p2 + ap + b) = c,
2 , c p = x1.
3. ) {2; 1; 1}. 2,
M2 3
--- ; 5 . -
2 1; 2.
k1k2 = 1, k1 k2 . 21. - x = 1 , 13 + 2 12 1 2 = 0,
, y(0) = y(4). 22. y + x = 0; x + 25y = 0. . . 1 .
, , y = kx. ,
M(x0; y0) , x3 13 + 2x2 2 12 x + 1 =
0 x +9 4 = (x 1)(x2 + x + 1) + 2(x 1)(x + 1) (x 1) =
- k = y(x0) = -----------------------2- . -
. k(x0) = ---------------
x0 + 5 ( x0 + 5 ) = (x 1)(x2 + 3x + 2) = 0.
2
k, x 0 + 18x0 + 45 = 0, x2 + 3x + 2 = 0, -
;
1
x01 = 15, x02 = 3 k1 = ------ ) {3; 2}. .
25
k2 = 1. 23. (x1; x2) : x = 2. . x = 2
2;
, y(x0) 0 x0 (x1; x2). 24. ) ymin (0) =
1 1
= 3, ymax (2) = 1 1
--- ; ) ymax (1) = --- ; ymin (1) = 3. 25. x0 = x1 x2 , ) {3}; ) {1}; ) 1; 1
--- ; --- . x = 1
--- ; ) --- . -
3 3 2 3 y 2
x1 > 0, x0 = x 1 x 2 , x2 < 0. 4 2x = y. 4. -
a(x x1)(x x2)(x x3) ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. 5. 2p.
13 + 3 13 3
6. 3 -------------------- 3 -------------------- . x = y 1
--- . -
4. . . 2 2 y
1 1 1 1
- 3 y --- + 3 y --- 3 = 0, y3 -----3- 3 = 0.
y3 -----
1 y y
1. ) {3; 1; 1}; ) 3
--- ; ) {3}; ) --- ; ) {1}; ) {2}; ) {1}; y3 y
2 2
y3 = t, t2 3t 1 = 0. -
) {2}; ) {1}; ) {1}. ) ). -
. 13 + 3 13
t1 = -------------------- , t2 = 3
-------------------- (t1t2 = 1).
2. x1 = p--- , p Z, q N p, q 2 2
q
1 3 + 13 1
. y1 = 3 t 1 x1 = 3 t 1 ---------- = 3 -------------------- -------------------------- =
2
3 t
1 3 + 13
3 --------------------
13 + 3 13 3 2
p3 p2 p = 3 -------------------- 3 -------------------- .
-----3- + a -----2- + b --- + c = 0, p(p2 + apq + bq2) = q3. (1) 2 2
q q q
(1) q. - 1
, x2 = 3 t 2 ---------- = x1.
3 t
q , q 1, p2 + apq + bq2 2
224 225
) arctg 6. 19. ) x 3y 6 = 0; ) y + x = 0; ) 4y 5x + 6 = 0; q ( q, p2 ). -
) 36y + 29x 23 = 0. 20. ) M1(0; 1); M2(2; 3); ) M1 1
--- ; 3 ;
, (1) p(p2 + ap + b) = c,
2 , c p = x1.
3. ) {2; 1; 1}. 2,
M2 3
--- ; 5 . -
2 1; 2.
k1k2 = 1, k1 k2 . 21. - x = 1 , 13 + 2 12 1 2 = 0,
, y(0) = y(4). 22. y + x = 0; x + 25y = 0. . . 1 .
, , y = kx. ,
M(x0; y0) , x3 13 + 2x2 2 12 x + 1 =
0 x +9 4 = (x 1)(x2 + x + 1) + 2(x 1)(x + 1) (x 1) =
- k = y(x0) = -----------------------2- . -
. k(x0) = ---------------
x0 + 5 ( x0 + 5 ) = (x 1)(x2 + 3x + 2) = 0.
2
k, x 0 + 18x0 + 45 = 0, x2 + 3x + 2 = 0, -
;
1
x01 = 15, x02 = 3 k1 = ------ ) {3; 2}. .
25
k2 = 1. 23. (x1; x2) : x = 2. . x = 2
2;
, y(x0) 0 x0 (x1; x2). 24. ) ymin (0) =
1 1
= 3, ymax (2) = 1 1
--- ; ) ymax (1) = --- ; ymin (1) = 3. 25. x0 = x1 x2 , ) {3}; ) {1}; ) 1; 1
--- ; --- . x = 1
--- ; ) --- . -
3 3 2 3 y 2
x1 > 0, x0 = x 1 x 2 , x2 < 0. 4 2x = y. 4. -
a(x x1)(x x2)(x x3) ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. 5. 2p.
13 + 3 13 3
6. 3 -------------------- 3 -------------------- . x = y 1
--- . -
4. . . 2 2 y
1 1 1 1
- 3 y --- + 3 y --- 3 = 0, y3 -----3- 3 = 0.
y3 -----
1 y y
1. ) {3; 1; 1}; ) 3
--- ; ) {3}; ) --- ; ) {1}; ) {2}; ) {1}; y3 y
2 2
y3 = t, t2 3t 1 = 0. -
) {2}; ) {1}; ) {1}. ) ). -
. 13 + 3 13
t1 = -------------------- , t2 = 3
-------------------- (t1t2 = 1).
2. x1 = p--- , p Z, q N p, q 2 2
q
1 3 + 13 1
. y1 = 3 t 1 x1 = 3 t 1 ---------- = 3 -------------------- -------------------------- =
2
3 t
1 3 + 13
3 --------------------
13 + 3 13 3 2
p3 p2 p = 3 -------------------- 3 -------------------- .
-----3- + a -----2- + b --- + c = 0, p(p2 + apq + bq2) = q3. (1) 2 2
q q q
(1) q. - 1
, x2 = 3 t 2 ---------- = x1.
3 t
q , q 1, p2 + apq + bq2 2
224 225
13 y2 8y = 0.
7. ) {3; 2; 1; 3}; ) {5; 2; 1; 2}; ) 1
------------------ ; ) ; ) {2; 1; 2; 4}.
2 y1 = 0, y2 = 8. x --2- = 0,
x
; ) {5; 2}.
x4 + 11x2 + 10 . x --2- = 8, , ;
x
8. . 2. 9. ) {5; 1; 1; 3}; ) {2; 6}; ) {1};
1+ 7 71
1 ) 3
--- ; ----------------- ; ----------------- ; 1 . x2
) ; ) 1
--- ; --- . 2 4 4
3 2
2x --3- = y;
x
x = 1 1 1
--- . 10. ) 2 ; ------- ; ------- ; 2 .
y 2 2
) 1
--- ; 2- . x + 1;
2
x2 = y; ) { 3 ; 3 }. 11. ) {1; 1}; ) {2}.
2x 3 = y + c, (1) 61 5 + 61
) 1; 9; 5
-------------------- ; -------------------- . x2
2 2
2x 5 = y c, (2)
x --9- = y.
x
(y + c)4 + (y c)4 = 2. (3)
21 1 + 21
c (1) (2): c = 1. - 15. ) 1
-------------------- ; -------------------- . -
2 2
(3) y4 + 6y2 = 0.
y = 0. 2x 3 = 1, x = 2. 10x
2 x2 10x 2
------------- , --------------------2- + ------------- 11 =
. (ax + b1)4 + (x + b2)4 = k - x+5 (x + 5) x+5
b b x2
1 2
ax + b1 = y + c, x + b2 = y c, c = -----------------
- , -
= 0. ------------- = y, y2 + 10y 11 = 0, y1 = 1, y2 = 11.
2 x+5
. x2 x2
, : ------------
- = 1 ------------- = 11, -
x+5 x+5
12. ) {1 7 ; 1 2 ; 1 + 2; 7 1}. x2 + ( -
); ) {1 7; 7 1}. -
+ 2x = y; ) 1
--- ; 1 .
2 x2 2
x2 x2
------------- - = y.
6 ------------- 16 = 0 ------------
x3 x3 x3
a ( 1 + 13 ) a ( 13 1 )
13. ) --------------------------------
- ; ----------------------------- a R . x2 + x = y;
2 2 + 2 21 2 211
16. ) 1
----------------------------------- ; ----------------------------------- .
5 21 21 5 2 2
) ------------------------
- ; -------------------- .
6 6 (x2 + 1)2 2(x 1)2 = 0;
2 2
14. ) { 2 ; 4 3 2 ; 4 + 3 2 }. x --2- = y. ) ----------------------------------
- ; ----------------------------------- . x = 1
--- ;
x 2 21+1 2 211 y
2
x --2- 4
= x2 + ----- 4
- 4 = y2, x2 + -----2- = y2 + 4. ) {9; 11}. 4x2 +
x 2 x x + 400x + 1.
226 227
13 y2 8y = 0.
7. ) {3; 2; 1; 3}; ) {5; 2; 1; 2}; ) 1
------------------ ; ) ; ) {2; 1; 2; 4}.
2 y1 = 0, y2 = 8. x --2- = 0,
x
; ) {5; 2}.
x4 + 11x2 + 10 . x --2- = 8, , ;
x
8. . 2. 9. ) {5; 1; 1; 3}; ) {2; 6}; ) {1};
1+ 7 71
1 ) 3
--- ; ----------------- ; ----------------- ; 1 . x2
) ; ) 1
--- ; --- . 2 4 4
3 2
2x --3- = y;
x
x = 1 1 1
--- . 10. ) 2 ; ------- ; ------- ; 2 .
y 2 2
) 1
--- ; 2- . x + 1;
2
x2 = y; ) { 3 ; 3 }. 11. ) {1; 1}; ) {2}.
2x 3 = y + c, (1) 61 5 + 61
) 1; 9; 5
-------------------- ; -------------------- . x2
2 2
2x 5 = y c, (2)
x --9- = y.
x
(y + c)4 + (y c)4 = 2. (3)
21 1 + 21
c (1) (2): c = 1. - 15. ) 1
-------------------- ; -------------------- . -
2 2
(3) y4 + 6y2 = 0.
y = 0. 2x 3 = 1, x = 2. 10x
2 x2 10x 2
------------- , --------------------2- + ------------- 11 =
. (ax + b1)4 + (x + b2)4 = k - x+5 (x + 5) x+5
b b x2
1 2
ax + b1 = y + c, x + b2 = y c, c = -----------------
- , -
= 0. ------------- = y, y2 + 10y 11 = 0, y1 = 1, y2 = 11.
2 x+5
. x2 x2
, : ------------
- = 1 ------------- = 11, -
x+5 x+5
12. ) {1 7 ; 1 2 ; 1 + 2; 7 1}. x2 + ( -
); ) {1 7; 7 1}. -
+ 2x = y; ) 1
--- ; 1 .
2 x2 2
x2 x2
------------- - = y.
6 ------------- 16 = 0 ------------
x3 x3 x3
a ( 1 + 13 ) a ( 13 1 )
13. ) --------------------------------
- ; ----------------------------- a R . x2 + x = y;
2 2 + 2 21 2 211
16. ) 1
----------------------------------- ; ----------------------------------- .
5 21 21 5 2 2
) ------------------------
- ; -------------------- .
6 6 (x2 + 1)2 2(x 1)2 = 0;
2 2
14. ) { 2 ; 4 3 2 ; 4 + 3 2 }. x --2- = y. ) ----------------------------------
- ; ----------------------------------- . x = 1
--- ;
x 2 21+1 2 211 y
2
x --2- 4
= x2 + ----- 4
- 4 = y2, x2 + -----2- = y2 + 4. ) {9; 11}. 4x2 +
x 2 x x + 400x + 1.
226 227
19. ) (2; 1) c (3; +). x (3; +) ,
17. ) {a; a 2 + 2 ; a + a 2 + 2 | R}.
, , , p(x) =
a.
= (x + 2)(x 1)(x 3) >0 x (3; +). x (1; 3) -
a = --------------------------------------------------------
( x 2 + 2 ) + ( 3x 2 2 ) x2 2
- = ---------------- , (1) x 3 (),
4x 2x
(x 1) (x + 2) , p(x) < 0 x (1; 3).
x (2; 1) (x 3)
(x 1) (x + 2); , p(x) > 0
( x 2 + 2 ) ( 3x 2 2 )
a = --------------------------------------------------------
- = x. (2) x (2; 1). x (; 2) -
4x
, p(x) < 0 . -
(1) (2) x, , p(x) > 0, ; ) (2; 0) c (1; 2); ) [4; 2] c {1};
; ) (3; 2) n = 2k 1, k N, (; 3) c (3; 2) n = 2k, k N.
) {1 3+a; 1 + 3 + a } a [3; 1), {1 3+a;
20. ) (3; 2) c (4; +); ) (; 2] c {1}; ) 1
--- ; +- .
2
3 + a 1; 1 1 + a ; 1 + a 1 a [1; +),
(; 3). , 21. ) (; 1] c {1} c [2; +); ) (5; 1). 22. ) (; 3 ) c
x : a2 2(x2 1)a + x4 6x2 + 4x = 0; 1 1 4 4
c ------
- ; --------- c ( 3 ; +); ) -2 ------- ; 1- c -3; 2 + --------- . -
a = x2 + 2x 2 (1) 3 3 2 3 2 3
x 2 = y.
a = x2 2x. (2) 23. ) (; +). x2 x = y;
+ 33 33 3
(1) (2) x, x1, 2 = ) - 3
-------------------- ; --------------------- . x2 + 3x + 1 = y.
2 2
= 1 3 + a , x3, 4 = 1 1 + a . x1 x2 -
, a [3; +), x3 x4 a [1; +). 24. ) (1 + 3 3+2 3;1 + 3 + 3 + 2 3 ).
p(x) = x4 4x3 6x2
29 5 17 1 + 29 5 + 17
18. 1
-------------------- ; -------------------- ; -------------------- ; -------------------- . 4x + 1 < 0.
2 2 2 2
, p(x) = 0.
x = 0 , -
(x2 + x + c)(x2 + bx + d) = 0, 1 1
- 4 -x + --- 6 = 0. x +
x2 + -----
x2 2 x
x4 + (a + b)x3 + (ab + c + d)x2 + (bc + ad)x + cd
+ --1- = y, y2 4y 8 = 0,
x4 4x3 10x2 + 37x 14. x
y1 = 2(1 + 3 ) y2 = 2(1 3 ). p(x) -
a + b = 4, ab + c + d = 10, bc + ad = 37, cd = 14. (1)
a, b, c, d , (x2 2(1 + 3 )x + 1)(x2 2(1 3 )x + 1).
(1) , c = 1, d = 14, c = 2, d = 7.
(1) c d;
x2 2(1 3 )x + 1 > 0 x R, -
a =
= 5, b = 1. x2 5x + 2 = 0 x2 x 7 = x2 2(1 + 3 )x + 1 > 0,
= 0, . ;
228 229
19. ) (2; 1) c (3; +). x (3; +) ,
17. ) {a; a 2 + 2 ; a + a 2 + 2 | R}.
, , , p(x) =
a.
= (x + 2)(x 1)(x 3) >0 x (3; +). x (1; 3) -
a = --------------------------------------------------------
( x 2 + 2 ) + ( 3x 2 2 ) x2 2
- = ---------------- , (1) x 3 (),
4x 2x
(x 1) (x + 2) , p(x) < 0 x (1; 3).
x (2; 1) (x 3)
(x 1) (x + 2); , p(x) > 0
( x 2 + 2 ) ( 3x 2 2 )
a = --------------------------------------------------------
- = x. (2) x (2; 1). x (; 2) -
4x
, p(x) < 0 . -
(1) (2) x, , p(x) > 0, ; ) (2; 0) c (1; 2); ) [4; 2] c {1};
; ) (3; 2) n = 2k 1, k N, (; 3) c (3; 2) n = 2k, k N.
) {1 3+a; 1 + 3 + a } a [3; 1), {1 3+a;
20. ) (3; 2) c (4; +); ) (; 2] c {1}; ) 1
--- ; +- .
2
3 + a 1; 1 1 + a ; 1 + a 1 a [1; +),
(; 3). , 21. ) (; 1] c {1} c [2; +); ) (5; 1). 22. ) (; 3 ) c
x : a2 2(x2 1)a + x4 6x2 + 4x = 0; 1 1 4 4
c ------
- ; --------- c ( 3 ; +); ) -2 ------- ; 1- c -3; 2 + --------- . -
a = x2 + 2x 2 (1) 3 3 2 3 2 3
x 2 = y.
a = x2 2x. (2) 23. ) (; +). x2 x = y;
+ 33 33 3
(1) (2) x, x1, 2 = ) - 3
-------------------- ; --------------------- . x2 + 3x + 1 = y.
2 2
= 1 3 + a , x3, 4 = 1 1 + a . x1 x2 -
, a [3; +), x3 x4 a [1; +). 24. ) (1 + 3 3+2 3;1 + 3 + 3 + 2 3 ).
p(x) = x4 4x3 6x2
29 5 17 1 + 29 5 + 17
18. 1
-------------------- ; -------------------- ; -------------------- ; -------------------- . 4x + 1 < 0.
2 2 2 2
, p(x) = 0.
x = 0 , -
(x2 + x + c)(x2 + bx + d) = 0, 1 1
- 4 -x + --- 6 = 0. x +
x2 + -----
x2 2 x
x4 + (a + b)x3 + (ab + c + d)x2 + (bc + ad)x + cd
+ --1- = y, y2 4y 8 = 0,
x4 4x3 10x2 + 37x 14. x
y1 = 2(1 + 3 ) y2 = 2(1 3 ). p(x) -
a + b = 4, ab + c + d = 10, bc + ad = 37, cd = 14. (1)
a, b, c, d , (x2 2(1 + 3 )x + 1)(x2 2(1 3 )x + 1).
(1) , c = 1, d = 14, c = 2, d = 7.
(1) c d;
x2 2(1 3 )x + 1 > 0 x R, -
a =
= 5, b = 1. x2 5x + 2 = 0 x2 x 7 = x2 2(1 + 3 )x + 1 > 0,
= 0, . ;
228 229
) -1 3; 3 17 3 + 17
-------------------- c - 3 1; -------------------- . - c [0; 1] c [2; +); ) (7; 37 ) c (5; 0) c (5; 37 ) c (7; +).
2 2
28. ) (1; 0). + x = y; x2
- ) (; 2) c (1; 1) c (2; 3) c (4; 6) c (7; +).
y = x --2- . :
x
1
------------ 1 1 1 4 3
25. x 1- - + 4 ------------- ------------- = -----------------------------
------------ - -----------------------------
-.
x4 x3 x2 x 2 5x + 6 x 2 5x + 4
p(x) = (x 1) x[x4(x2 + x + 1) + 1] + 1 (1)
x2 5x + 5 = y, -
2 30y + 209
y--------------------------------------- > 0,
p(x) = (x 1) + x2 (1 x3 ) + x8 . (2) (y 1)(y + 1)
(y + 1)(y 1)(y 11)(y 19) > 0;
(1) , p(x) > 0 x (; 0] c [1; +), (; 1) c (1; 11) c (19; +). -
(2) p(x) > 0 x (0; 1). , p(x) > 0
x R.
x2 5x + 5 < 1, 1 < x2 5x + 5 < 11 x2 5x + 5 > 19,
P(x)
26. f(x) = ------------
-
Q(x)
; ) (; 1) c 3 5 7 1
--- ; --- c --- ; 4 . 29. ) --- ; 1 ;
, xk, k N, k m n, - 2 2 2 2
Q(x). x0 -
) [2; 1]. ), ). . 15. 30. ) -0; 1
--- c (3; +).
f(x) > 0. P(x0) Q(x0) , - 2 3
, (x0) = P(x0)Q(x0) > 0, . . x0 x + --1- + 2
2
(x) = P(x)Q(x) > 0. ( x = xk, (xk) = 0 x
------------------------------- -
xk (x) > 0.) 1
x + ---
x
, f(x) > 0 -
(x) > 0 ( x + --1- = y;
x
x0). , x0 -
+ 5 1 5 51 5+1
(x) > 0, x0 - ) 1
----------------- ; 1 c ----------------- ; 0 c ----------------- ; 1 c ----------------- ; + .
2 2 2 2
f(x) > 0 (P(x0) Q(x0) ). -
P(x) Q(x) x f(x) x --1- = y.
x
, f(x) > 0
6 26 6 + 6 26
(x) > 0 , . . - 31. (; 6) c 6
------------------------ ; 4 c (4; 0) c 6; ------------------------ .
5 5
.
6 x+6
27. ) (2; 0) c (2; +). 2
------------ 1 x+2
- --- = ---------------------- > 0 x
------------- + ------------- .
x2 x x(x 2) x+6 x6
(x + 2)(x 2)x > 0, 32. ) [0; 2 ]; ) [1 2 2 ; 3) c (1; 3]. 33. ) 3x2 12x; ) 1
---
; ) (1; 2); ) (; 1) c 3
3x2; ) 4x3
6; ) 34. ) 3x2
+ 2x + 3; )2x3. 8x + 3; 3x2 3x2
c -0; 1 5 7
--- c (1; 2); ) 1; --- c -2; --- c (3; +). -
2 3 3 ) 4x3 + 9x2 + 14x + 7; ) (x 1)(x 2)(x 3) + x(x 2)(x 3) +
1 1 1 x2 x 2 2x 2
- + x + ------------- ; ) (2; 1) c
x + ------------ + x(x 1) (x 3) + x(x 1)(x 2). 35. ) -----------------------
- ; ) -----------------------------
-;
x1 x3 2 2 (1 + x )
2 2 (2 + x )
230 231
) -1 3; 3 17 3 + 17
-------------------- c - 3 1; -------------------- . - c [0; 1] c [2; +); ) (7; 37 ) c (5; 0) c (5; 37 ) c (7; +).
2 2
28. ) (1; 0). + x = y; x2
- ) (; 2) c (1; 1) c (2; 3) c (4; 6) c (7; +).
y = x --2- . :
x
1
------------ 1 1 1 4 3
25. x 1- - + 4 ------------- ------------- = -----------------------------
------------ - -----------------------------
-.
x4 x3 x2 x 2 5x + 6 x 2 5x + 4
p(x) = (x 1) x[x4(x2 + x + 1) + 1] + 1 (1)
x2 5x + 5 = y, -
2 30y + 209
y--------------------------------------- > 0,
p(x) = (x 1) + x2 (1 x3 ) + x8 . (2) (y 1)(y + 1)
(y + 1)(y 1)(y 11)(y 19) > 0;
(1) , p(x) > 0 x (; 0] c [1; +), (; 1) c (1; 11) c (19; +). -
(2) p(x) > 0 x (0; 1). , p(x) > 0
x R.
x2 5x + 5 < 1, 1 < x2 5x + 5 < 11 x2 5x + 5 > 19,
P(x)
26. f(x) = ------------
-
Q(x)
; ) (; 1) c 3 5 7 1
--- ; --- c --- ; 4 . 29. ) --- ; 1 ;
, xk, k N, k m n, - 2 2 2 2
Q(x). x0 -
) [2; 1]. ), ). . 15. 30. ) -0; 1
--- c (3; +).
f(x) > 0. P(x0) Q(x0) , - 2 3
, (x0) = P(x0)Q(x0) > 0, . . x0 x + --1- + 2
2
(x) = P(x)Q(x) > 0. ( x = xk, (xk) = 0 x
------------------------------- -
xk (x) > 0.) 1
x + ---
x
, f(x) > 0 -
(x) > 0 ( x + --1- = y;
x
x0). , x0 -
+ 5 1 5 51 5+1
(x) > 0, x0 - ) 1
----------------- ; 1 c ----------------- ; 0 c ----------------- ; 1 c ----------------- ; + .
2 2 2 2
f(x) > 0 (P(x0) Q(x0) ). -
P(x) Q(x) x f(x) x --1- = y.
x
, f(x) > 0
6 26 6 + 6 26
(x) > 0 , . . - 31. (; 6) c 6
------------------------ ; 4 c (4; 0) c 6; ------------------------ .
5 5
.
6 x+6
27. ) (2; 0) c (2; +). 2
------------ 1 x+2
- --- = ---------------------- > 0 x
------------- + ------------- .
x2 x x(x 2) x+6 x6
(x + 2)(x 2)x > 0, 32. ) [0; 2 ]; ) [1 2 2 ; 3) c (1; 3]. 33. ) 3x2 12x; ) 1
---
; ) (1; 2); ) (; 1) c 3
3x2; ) 4x3
6; ) 34. ) 3x2
+ 2x + 3; )2x3. 8x + 3; 3x2 3x2
c -0; 1 5 7
--- c (1; 2); ) 1; --- c -2; --- c (3; +). -
2 3 3 ) 4x3 + 9x2 + 14x + 7; ) (x 1)(x 2)(x 3) + x(x 2)(x 3) +
1 1 1 x2 x 2 2x 2
- + x + ------------- ; ) (2; 1) c
x + ------------ + x(x 1) (x 3) + x(x 1)(x 2). 35. ) -----------------------
- ; ) -----------------------------
-;
x1 x3 2 2 (1 + x )
2 2 (2 + x )
230 231
3 + 9x 2 3 2x 4 + 4x 3 4x + 4 2x 3 9x 2 24x + 7
) 2x -;
------------------------------------ ) -------------------------------------------------- ; ) -;
----------------------------------------------------- = y 1 139
--- = 8 ---------- , ymax = y(2) = 64; ) ymin = y(1) = 7, ymax =
(x + 3) 2 ( x + 1)3 ( x 4 )2 4 256
7
3x 2 + 1 1 4 = y(1) = 5; ) ymin = y(2) = 8
- . 36. ) 90(2 3x)29; ) 32 3x + -----2- -6x2 --- + 1 ;
) -------------------- --- , ymax = y(1) = 3.
(1 x) 2 x x 3
x2 + 1 54. (; 0)
- ; ) 8(4x3 3x2 + 10x)(x4 x3 + 5x2 2)7. 37. ) 12;
) 8x ----------------------- y
2 (x 1) 3
(2; +) ; 4
(0; 2) ; x =
) 0; ) 60; ) 7; ) 0. 38. ) 1 2 1
--- ; ) 15a2 + -----3- 1; ) ---------------2- ; ) 0;
2 a 1+a = 0 , x = 2
) (1)n n!. 39. ) y = x; ) y 2 = 0; ) y = 3x + 5; ) y = 11x 7; ; y(0) = 4, y(2) = 0.
) y = 44x 84; ) y = 2x 2; ) y = 4x + 7. 40. ( 2 ; 2 + 2)
1
x
( 2; 2 2 ). 41. 2; 52 197
------ 5; ---------- . 42. (1; 0) (1; 4).
O 2
3 6
43. (3; 9). 44. (0; 1). 45. , 5x4 + 8 > 0
2
1 55. ; ------
- y
x R. 46. ) --- ; 1
--- ; ) { 3 3 }; ) - 3
3 2 2 16
3
3 3 3
2
- ; + ;
------ O 1 2 x
3 13 + 1
; ) 2; 4
--- ; ) {1; 0}; ) { 3 }. 2 3 13 1
2
9 2 2
------- ; ------- -
3 3
47. ) {2}; ) {3; 2; 1}; ) {0}; ) {1; 0; 1}; ) {0}. 48. ) { 3 ; 3 }; 3
2
; x = ------
- -
5 3+ 5 3
) (3; 2; 2; 3}; ) 3
----------------- ; ----------------- ; ){1; 1); ) {2}. 49. ) (2; 1);
2 2 2
, x = ------
- -
(3 + )
3 16
) ; 1
--- ; ) ( 12 ; 0) (0; 12 ); ) ( 2 ; 1) (1; 2 ). 3 3
2 16 2
4
- = 3 ----------- , y ------- =
; y - ------
3 3 3 3
50. ) ; 1
--- (3; +); ) (1; 3); ) (0; +); ) (2 3 ; 1) 16
3 = 3 + ----------
-.
3 3
(1; 3 2); ) (; 1) (1; +). 51. ) x = 5 -
, x = 3 ; ) 56. (; 2) y
; ) x = 1
--- , x = 1 - 1- ; 1 , -
3 --
2
4
; ) x = 5
--- ; ) x = 3 x = 4 - 2; 1
--- (1; +)
4 2
; x = 2 x = 1
, x = 1
--- ; ) x = 1 ;
2 , x = 1
--- -
2
) x = 0 . 52. 8 2 . 53. ) ymin = y(1) = 13,
; y(2) = y(1) = 0, y 1 81
--- = ------ . 2 x
ymax = y(0) = 3; ) ymin = y( 2 ) = 4 2 , ymax = y(1) = 5; ) ymin = 2 16 12 O 1
232 233
3 + 9x 2 3 2x 4 + 4x 3 4x + 4 2x 3 9x 2 24x + 7
) 2x -;
------------------------------------ ) -------------------------------------------------- ; ) -;
----------------------------------------------------- = y 1 139
--- = 8 ---------- , ymax = y(2) = 64; ) ymin = y(1) = 7, ymax =
(x + 3) 2 ( x + 1)3 ( x 4 )2 4 256
7
3x 2 + 1 1 4 = y(1) = 5; ) ymin = y(2) = 8
- . 36. ) 90(2 3x)29; ) 32 3x + -----2- -6x2 --- + 1 ;
) -------------------- --- , ymax = y(1) = 3.
(1 x) 2 x x 3
x2 + 1 54. (; 0)
- ; ) 8(4x3 3x2 + 10x)(x4 x3 + 5x2 2)7. 37. ) 12;
) 8x ----------------------- y
2 (x 1) 3
(2; +) ; 4
(0; 2) ; x =
) 0; ) 60; ) 7; ) 0. 38. ) 1 2 1
--- ; ) 15a2 + -----3- 1; ) ---------------2- ; ) 0;
2 a 1+a = 0 , x = 2
) (1)n n!. 39. ) y = x; ) y 2 = 0; ) y = 3x + 5; ) y = 11x 7; ; y(0) = 4, y(2) = 0.
) y = 44x 84; ) y = 2x 2; ) y = 4x + 7. 40. ( 2 ; 2 + 2)
1
x
( 2; 2 2 ). 41. 2; 52 197
------ 5; ---------- . 42. (1; 0) (1; 4).
O 2
3 6
43. (3; 9). 44. (0; 1). 45. , 5x4 + 8 > 0
2
1 55. ; ------
- y
x R. 46. ) --- ; 1
--- ; ) { 3 3 }; ) - 3
3 2 2 16
3
3 3 3
2
- ; + ;
------ O 1 2 x
3 13 + 1
; ) 2; 4
--- ; ) {1; 0}; ) { 3 }. 2 3 13 1
2
9 2 2
------- ; ------- -
3 3
47. ) {2}; ) {3; 2; 1}; ) {0}; ) {1; 0; 1}; ) {0}. 48. ) { 3 ; 3 }; 3
2
; x = ------
- -
5 3+ 5 3
) (3; 2; 2; 3}; ) 3
----------------- ; ----------------- ; ){1; 1); ) {2}. 49. ) (2; 1);
2 2 2
, x = ------
- -
(3 + )
3 16
) ; 1
--- ; ) ( 12 ; 0) (0; 12 ); ) ( 2 ; 1) (1; 2 ). 3 3
2 16 2
4
- = 3 ----------- , y ------- =
; y - ------
3 3 3 3
50. ) ; 1
--- (3; +); ) (1; 3); ) (0; +); ) (2 3 ; 1) 16
3 = 3 + ----------
-.
3 3
(1; 3 2); ) (; 1) (1; +). 51. ) x = 5 -
, x = 3 ; ) 56. (; 2) y
; ) x = 1
--- , x = 1 - 1- ; 1 , -
3 --
2
4
; ) x = 5
--- ; ) x = 3 x = 4 - 2; 1
--- (1; +)
4 2
; x = 2 x = 1
, x = 1
--- ; ) x = 1 ;
2 , x = 1
--- -
2
) x = 0 . 52. 8 2 . 53. ) ymin = y(1) = 13,
; y(2) = y(1) = 0, y 1 81
--- = ------ . 2 x
ymax = y(0) = 3; ) ymin = y( 2 ) = 4 2 , ymax = y(1) = 5; ) ymin = 2 16 12 O 1
232 233
y 57. (; 1) 61. - y
(0; 1) , - (; 1), (1; 1) (1; +).
8 (1; 0) (1; +) -
; x = 1 x = 1 -
, x = 0 ; y(1) =
= y(1) = 9, y(0) = 8. 1
1
O 1 x
1
2 O 1 2 x
y 58. (; 1)
1- ; + ,
--
5
1; 1
--- ; x = 62. (; 1) y
5
(0; 1) , -
= 1 , x = 1
--- (1; 0) (1; +) ;
1 5
1 5 O x = 1 x = 1 ;
1
1 x ; y(1) = 0, y --- = y(1) = y(1) = 2. 2
5
1
864
= ------------- .
3125
1 O 1 x
y 59. (; 1)
(1; +) ,
(1; 0) (0; 1) -
; x = 1 ,
2
x = 1 ; y(1) = 2,
y(1) = 2.
O 63. (; 3) y
1 1 x (3; +) , -
(3; 3 ), ( 3 ; 3)
2 9
( 3 ; 3) ; x = 3 2
, x = 3
; y(3) = 9, y(3) = 9. O
3
3 3 3 x
y 60. (; 1)
1 (1; +) , -
2
(1; 1) ; x = 1
1 O 1 x
, x = 1 92
12
; y(1) = 1 1
--- , y(1) = --- .
2 2
234 235
y 57. (; 1) 61. - y
(0; 1) , - (; 1), (1; 1) (1; +).
8 (1; 0) (1; +) -
; x = 1 x = 1 -
, x = 0 ; y(1) =
= y(1) = 9, y(0) = 8. 1
1
O 1 x
1
2 O 1 2 x
y 58. (; 1)
1- ; + ,
--
5
1; 1
--- ; x = 62. (; 1) y
5
(0; 1) , -
= 1 , x = 1
--- (1; 0) (1; +) ;
1 5
1 5 O x = 1 x = 1 ;
1
1 x ; y(1) = 0, y --- = y(1) = y(1) = 2. 2
5
1
864
= ------------- .
3125
1 O 1 x
y 59. (; 1)
(1; +) ,
(1; 0) (0; 1) -
; x = 1 ,
2
x = 1 ; y(1) = 2,
y(1) = 2.
O 63. (; 3) y
1 1 x (3; +) , -
(3; 3 ), ( 3 ; 3)
2 9
( 3 ; 3) ; x = 3 2
, x = 3
; y(3) = 9, y(3) = 9. O
3
3 3 3 x
y 60. (; 1)
1 (1; +) , -
2
(1; 1) ; x = 1
1 O 1 x
, x = 1 92
12
; y(1) = 1 1
--- , y(1) = --- .
2 2
234 235
5.
64. (; 0) -0; 1
--- -
y
2
, -1
--- ; + 1. ) {(0; 0)}; ) -c; --c- c R ; ) {(c1; c2) | c1 R, c2 R};
2 2
3
; x = 1
--- ;
2 ) {(c; 0) | c R}; ) . 2. ) {(1; 1)}; ) -3
--- + 2c; c- c R ;
4
y 1
--- = 3.
O 2 1 1
3 1 x ) ; ) -c; 4c 1
--- c R a --- a --- .
14 2 2 2 2
3. ) (; 1) c (1; +); ) k R; ) (; 2) c (2; +).
4. ) 2 1
--- ; ) {1}; ) --- . 5. {(0; 0)}.
3 2
65. (; 0) (2; +)
, (0; 2)
y 6. -0; 0; 9
--- ; (2; 1; 1) .
; x = 2 ; y(2) = 4
= 3.
(1; 3) -
3 66. ) 4.
, a, b c:
26 26
3 a= 3 30 + 899 ---------- , b = 3 30 899 ---------- a 3b = 2a b,
4 O 27 27 a = 2b,
c + 1 + 3c =10 a + 3b,
2 x 4c = 9 + 5b,
x = + b. , a b
------------ = --- b(c 1) = 0.
a3 + b3 = 60, - c+1 c
: -0; 0; 9
--- (2; 1; 1). -
4
26
30 + 899 ------- 26 26 1 1
b = 3
- 30 899 ---------- = 3 900 899 ---------- = 3 ------ = --- .
27 27 27 27 3 , a, b c -
a b 2a b
-----------
- = ------ = ----------------------------- (
c+1 c 10 a + 3b
), . . -
x3 = (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = 60 + 3 1
--- x = 60 + x. .
3
, x - 7. ) {3}; ) 9
--- .
4
x3 x 60 = 0. -
8. {(2; 7)}.
: x = 4. -
(x0; y0). , -
P3(x) = x3 x 60 : P3(x) = (x 4)(x2 + 4x +
(x0; y0).
+ 15). x2 + 4x + 15
. x0 + y0 = 3 x0 + 3y0 = 3,
, -
x = 4. , x0 = 3, y0 = 0.
) 5; ) 3; ) 6; ) 4. , a2 = 4.
236 237
5.
64. (; 0) -0; 1
--- -
y
2
, -1
--- ; + 1. ) {(0; 0)}; ) -c; --c- c R ; ) {(c1; c2) | c1 R, c2 R};
2 2
3
; x = 1
--- ;
2 ) {(c; 0) | c R}; ) . 2. ) {(1; 1)}; ) -3
--- + 2c; c- c R ;
4
y 1
--- = 3.
O 2 1 1
3 1 x ) ; ) -c; 4c 1
--- c R a --- a --- .
14 2 2 2 2
3. ) (; 1) c (1; +); ) k R; ) (; 2) c (2; +).
4. ) 2 1
--- ; ) {1}; ) --- . 5. {(0; 0)}.
3 2
65. (; 0) (2; +)
, (0; 2)
y 6. -0; 0; 9
--- ; (2; 1; 1) .
; x = 2 ; y(2) = 4
= 3.
(1; 3) -
3 66. ) 4.
, a, b c:
26 26
3 a= 3 30 + 899 ---------- , b = 3 30 899 ---------- a 3b = 2a b,
4 O 27 27 a = 2b,
c + 1 + 3c =10 a + 3b,
2 x 4c = 9 + 5b,
x = + b. , a b
------------ = --- b(c 1) = 0.
a3 + b3 = 60, - c+1 c
: -0; 0; 9
--- (2; 1; 1). -
4
26
30 + 899 ------- 26 26 1 1
b = 3
- 30 899 ---------- = 3 900 899 ---------- = 3 ------ = --- .
27 27 27 27 3 , a, b c -
a b 2a b
-----------
- = ------ = ----------------------------- (
c+1 c 10 a + 3b
), . . -
x3 = (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = 60 + 3 1
--- x = 60 + x. .
3
, x - 7. ) {3}; ) 9
--- .
4
x3 x 60 = 0. -
8. {(2; 7)}.
: x = 4. -
(x0; y0). , -
P3(x) = x3 x 60 : P3(x) = (x 4)(x2 + 4x +
(x0; y0).
+ 15). x2 + 4x + 15
. x0 + y0 = 3 x0 + 3y0 = 3,
, -
x = 4. , x0 = 3, y0 = 0.
) 5; ) 3; ) 6; ) 4. , a2 = 4.
236 237
, a1 = 2 a2 = 2. a1 = 2, x = 3, y = 0 14. ). 14. ). 14. ).
2 3 + 2 0 = b + 1,
b = 7. a = 2 , y y y
.
1
=
1
1
9. (2; 4). 10. (1 3 ; +). 11. {(1; 4)}. -------------------------- = 2 1
x
2x + y 1 1
=
2 1
y
1
1 1 O 1 x O 2 x O 1 x
= u -------------------------- = v. 12. ) (3; 1); 3 5 9
--- ; --- ; (9; 5); --- ; --- ; 2
x
x + 2y 3 1
y
2 2 2 2
=
1
1
=
) {(3; 2); (2; 3); (3; 2); (2; 3)}.
x
13. {(30; 10)}. ax + by = c, a, b,
c , a b , 14. ). 14. ). 14. ).
x y, .
, - (, -
y y y
) : x = , y = . -
, a + b = 1
3 1
= c. 1 3
: 3 3 O x
1 1
(y )
(x ) + b(y ) = 0, x = b(y ), x = b--------------------
- . O x O x
a
x , , - 3 3 1
( y )
b--------------------
- ( ),
a
15. {(2; 2); (3; 2); (4; 2)}.
. . y . -
y a t, t Z, y = + at x = bt. y
y + 2x = 11
, x = bt,
y = + at, t Z. x = 31t, 3y x = 5
y = + 23t, t Z. - (; ). - 3
23x = 1000 31y -
8y 4y + x = 9
x: x = 43 y + 11
-------------------- . - 1
23
O 1 5 x
8y 11 8y
, 11
-------------------- , . . -------------------- = u,
23 23
+ 13
11 24u + u 16. 1
-------------------- ; 2- . 17. {(1; 2; 3)}. 18. . 19. {(2; 3; 6)}.
u Z, 8y = 11 23u. y: y = ---------------------------------
- = 2
8
+2 y1 z3
+3 20. {(2t 2; 3t + 1; 2t + 3) | t R}. x
------------- = ------------- = ------------ = t.
= 1 3u + u
------------- . u = 3, = 2 3 2
8
21. ) 25. I .
= 1 3(3) = 10 = 43 10 3 = 30. , ( 0) :
x = 30 31t, y = 10 + 23t, t Z.
30 31t > 0 10 + 23t > 0 2 4 5
- + x + -------- + - y + ------- + - z = 61 + 79.
------
3 5 6
, t = 0, . . x = 30, y = 10.
238 239
, a1 = 2 a2 = 2. a1 = 2, x = 3, y = 0 14. ). 14. ). 14. ).
2 3 + 2 0 = b + 1,
b = 7. a = 2 , y y y
.
1
=
1
1
9. (2; 4). 10. (1 3 ; +). 11. {(1; 4)}. -------------------------- = 2 1
x
2x + y 1 1
=
2 1
y
1
1 1 O 1 x O 2 x O 1 x
= u -------------------------- = v. 12. ) (3; 1); 3 5 9
--- ; --- ; (9; 5); --- ; --- ; 2
x
x + 2y 3 1
y
2 2 2 2
=
1
1
=
) {(3; 2); (2; 3); (3; 2); (2; 3)}.
x
13. {(30; 10)}. ax + by = c, a, b,
c , a b , 14. ). 14. ). 14. ).
x y, .
, - (, -
y y y
) : x = , y = . -
, a + b = 1
3 1
= c. 1 3
: 3 3 O x
1 1
(y )
(x ) + b(y ) = 0, x = b(y ), x = b--------------------
- . O x O x
a
x , , - 3 3 1
( y )
b--------------------
- ( ),
a
15. {(2; 2); (3; 2); (4; 2)}.
. . y . -
y a t, t Z, y = + at x = bt. y
y + 2x = 11
, x = bt,
y = + at, t Z. x = 31t, 3y x = 5
y = + 23t, t Z. - (; ). - 3
23x = 1000 31y -
8y 4y + x = 9
x: x = 43 y + 11
-------------------- . - 1
23
O 1 5 x
8y 11 8y
, 11
-------------------- , . . -------------------- = u,
23 23
+ 13
11 24u + u 16. 1
-------------------- ; 2- . 17. {(1; 2; 3)}. 18. . 19. {(2; 3; 6)}.
u Z, 8y = 11 23u. y: y = ---------------------------------
- = 2
8
+2 y1 z3
+3 20. {(2t 2; 3t + 1; 2t + 3) | t R}. x
------------- = ------------- = ------------ = t.
= 1 3u + u
------------- . u = 3, = 2 3 2
8
21. ) 25. I .
= 1 3(3) = 10 = 43 10 3 = 30. , ( 0) :
x = 30 31t, y = 10 + 23t, t Z.
30 31t > 0 10 + 23t > 0 2 4 5
- + x + -------- + - y + ------- + - z = 61 + 79.
------
3 5 6
, t = 0, . . x = 30, y = 10.
238 239
, 6.
2 4 2 5 1 2y z
------- + = 0, ------- + = --- , ------- + = --- ; S = ------- + --- = 61 + 79.
3 5 5 6 2 5 2
25
1. ) 4 20 71
--- ; ------ ; (2; 1); ) (1; 3); ------ ; ------ ; ) {(51; 24,5)}.
2 4 2 5 1 9 9
21 7
------- + = 0, ------- + = --- , ------- + = --- .
3 5 5 6 2
-
; ) {(19,6; 5,2); (14; 8)}.
= 3, = 2;
(x + 3y)2 6(x + 3y) 40 -
S = 61 3 79 2 = 25.
x + 3y = t.
II .
2. ) {(2; 3); (3; 2)}. ,
2x 4y 5z t2 5t + 6 = 0,
------- + ------- = 61 ------ , x + y = 79 z
3 5 6
t1 = 2 t2 = 3. ,
x, y, z . (t1; t2),
(t2; t1) . ,
2
--- , -
3 {(2; 3); (3; 2)}; ) {(4; 1); (1; 4)}.
y = z; ) {(1; 3); (3; 1)}.
4 2 79 2 5 2
- --- y = 61 -------------- --- --- z;
-- 2xy = (x + y)2 (x2 + y2); ) - 1 1 1 1
--- ; --- ; ---- ; --- .
5 3 3 6 3 2 3 3 2
2 25 z 2 z
------ y = ------ --- ; --- y = 25 --- . 1 1
--- = u, --- = v; ) {(1; 2); (2; 1)}.
15 3 6 5 2 x y
(x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y), xy: 13 = 7 + 3xy 1 xy =
z z z
S = 2y
------- + --- = 25 --- + --- = 25; = 2. ,
5 2 2 2
) {(27; 10; 42)}. x, y, z x + y = 1,
, x = 3k, y = 5l z = 6m, k N, l N, m N. - xy = 2.
:
t2 t 2 = 0,
4l + 5m = 61 2k, 5l + 6m = 79 3k. ; ) {(1; 2); (2; 1)}.
xy = z (x + y)4 = x4 + y4 + 4(x + y)2z 2z2;
l = 29 3k m =
z ) {(3; 2); (2; 3)}; ) {(1; 4); 4; 1)}. 3. ) {(3; 4); (4: 3)};
1 = 2k 11.
k N, - ) {(5 + 28 ; 5 + 28 ); (5 28 ; 5 28 ); (5; 2) (2; 5)};
1 ) {(0,6; 0,3); (0,4; 0,5)}; ) {(1; 2); (0,25; 0,25)}; ) (2; 1); (1, 2);
k > 0, 29 3k > 0, 2k 11 > 0,
1 O 1
y k = 9.
1 : x = 3 9 = 27, y = 5 + 21 5 21 5 21 5 + 21
--------------------
; -------------------- ; -------------------- ; -------------------- . x + y = u,
2 2 2 2
= (29 3 9)5 = 10, z = 6 (2 9 11) = 42.
x 22. a < 0.
+ 5 61 5 + 61
b c. 23. - xy = v, u + v = z, uv = t. 4. ) - 25
---------------------------- ; -------------------- ;
9 9
. 11 (. 11).
240 241
, 6.
2 4 2 5 1 2y z
------- + = 0, ------- + = --- , ------- + = --- ; S = ------- + --- = 61 + 79.
3 5 5 6 2 5 2
25
1. ) 4 20 71
--- ; ------ ; (2; 1); ) (1; 3); ------ ; ------ ; ) {(51; 24,5)}.
2 4 2 5 1 9 9
21 7
------- + = 0, ------- + = --- , ------- + = --- .
3 5 5 6 2
-
; ) {(19,6; 5,2); (14; 8)}.
= 3, = 2;
(x + 3y)2 6(x + 3y) 40 -
S = 61 3 79 2 = 25.
x + 3y = t.
II .
2. ) {(2; 3); (3; 2)}. ,
2x 4y 5z t2 5t + 6 = 0,
------- + ------- = 61 ------ , x + y = 79 z
3 5 6
t1 = 2 t2 = 3. ,
x, y, z . (t1; t2),
(t2; t1) . ,
2
--- , -
3 {(2; 3); (3; 2)}; ) {(4; 1); (1; 4)}.
y = z; ) {(1; 3); (3; 1)}.
4 2 79 2 5 2
- --- y = 61 -------------- --- --- z;
-- 2xy = (x + y)2 (x2 + y2); ) - 1 1 1 1
--- ; --- ; ---- ; --- .
5 3 3 6 3 2 3 3 2
2 25 z 2 z
------ y = ------ --- ; --- y = 25 --- . 1 1
--- = u, --- = v; ) {(1; 2); (2; 1)}.
15 3 6 5 2 x y
(x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y), xy: 13 = 7 + 3xy 1 xy =
z z z
S = 2y
------- + --- = 25 --- + --- = 25; = 2. ,
5 2 2 2
) {(27; 10; 42)}. x, y, z x + y = 1,
, x = 3k, y = 5l z = 6m, k N, l N, m N. - xy = 2.
:
t2 t 2 = 0,
4l + 5m = 61 2k, 5l + 6m = 79 3k. ; ) {(1; 2); (2; 1)}.
xy = z (x + y)4 = x4 + y4 + 4(x + y)2z 2z2;
l = 29 3k m =
z ) {(3; 2); (2; 3)}; ) {(1; 4); 4; 1)}. 3. ) {(3; 4); (4: 3)};
1 = 2k 11.
k N, - ) {(5 + 28 ; 5 + 28 ); (5 28 ; 5 28 ); (5; 2) (2; 5)};
1 ) {(0,6; 0,3); (0,4; 0,5)}; ) {(1; 2); (0,25; 0,25)}; ) (2; 1); (1, 2);
k > 0, 29 3k > 0, 2k 11 > 0,
1 O 1
y k = 9.
1 : x = 3 9 = 27, y = 5 + 21 5 21 5 21 5 + 21
--------------------
; -------------------- ; -------------------- ; -------------------- . x + y = u,
2 2 2 2
= (29 3 9)5 = 10, z = 6 (2 9 11) = 42.
x 22. a < 0.
+ 5 61 5 + 61
b c. 23. - xy = v, u + v = z, uv = t. 4. ) - 25
---------------------------- ; -------------------- ;
9 9
. 11 (. 11).
240 241
5 61 25 5 61
--------------------------------- 4 3 1
- ; -------------------- ; -6; --- ; --- ; --- . x = yt, x + y = t; ) {(2; 6); (1; 3)}. 7. ) -( 2 2 ; 2 ); ( 2 2 ; 2 );
9 9 3 2 3
y2(2t2 + t 45) = 0. 7 7
) - 6 ; ------6- ; 6 ; ------6- . 8. 3; --- ; 3; --- . 9. {(3; 1)}.
Pe , t1 = 9
--- t2 = 5 (y = 0 - 3 3 2 2
2
). , 10. a = 1. (0; 1). 11. ) {(1; 5)}; ) {(1; 3)}; ) {(3; 1)}
2
a {2}; {2}. 12. ) (2; 1; 1); 31 17
------ ; ------ ; --- ;
15 15 3
2x + 9y2 = 4,
2x + 9y2 = 4,
+ 17 3 17
x = 9y
------- x = 5y, ) {(1; 2; 2); (2; 1; 1)}. 13. (3; 2; 1); (2; 3; 1); 3
-------------------- ; -------------------- ; 1 ;
2 2 2
3 17 3 + 17
;
--------------------
; -------------------- ; 1 . 14. {(3; 1; 2); (5; 3; 0)}.
2 2
16 1 16 1
) (1; 3); (1; 3); ----------
- ; ----------- ; ----------- ; ----------- . y x
11 11 11 11
3, 16 . . 15. {(3; 5; 1); (3; 5; 1}. 16. 2; 1; 3);
x = yt; ) {(1; 2); (1; 2); ( 2 ; 2 ); ( 2 ; 2 )};
7
---------- 5 11 7 5 11
2 + 19 3 19 2
- ; --------------------------------- ; --------------------------------- ; --------------------------------- ;
) -------------------------------- 3 (2; 1; 3); -; ----------- ; ----------- ; ----------
13-
; ----------
-; ----------- .
13 13 13 13 13
3 14 + 4 19 3
14 + 4 19 3
4 19 14 3
4 19 14
1 1
17. {(4; 3; 1); (4; 3; 1)}. 18. 1
--- ; --- ; --- .
(2; 1) . 2 3 4
5. ) {(2; 1)}. - x+y 1 1 y+z 1 1 x+z 1 1
2 2 , - ------------- = 5 = --- + --- , ------------ = 7 = --- + --- , ------------ = 6 = --- + --- .
xy x y yz y z xz x z
, :
19. {(1; 1; 0); (1; 1; 0)}. 20. {{3; 3; 3)}. 21. {(1; 5; 0); (1; 5; 0);
(1; 5; 0); (1; 5; 0)}. y z = t.
16x2 + 8xy + y2 72x 18y + 81 = 0,
4x2 12xy + 9y2 4x + 6y + 1 = 0
22. ). 22. ).
(4x + y)2 18(4x + y) + 81 = 0, 4x + y = 9,
2x 3y = 1. y
(2x 3y)2 2(2x 3y) + 1 = 0
y
( O
(1; 2) x
1 1 (1; 1) (1; 1)
- ; 0; ------- ; (1; 1); (1; 1) .
): {(2; 1)}; ) 0; ------
3 3 O
x
6. ) 2 9
--- ; --- ; (1; 3) .
7 7 (1; 2)
242 243
5 61 25 5 61
--------------------------------- 4 3 1
- ; -------------------- ; -6; --- ; --- ; --- . x = yt, x + y = t; ) {(2; 6); (1; 3)}. 7. ) -( 2 2 ; 2 ); ( 2 2 ; 2 );
9 9 3 2 3
y2(2t2 + t 45) = 0. 7 7
) - 6 ; ------6- ; 6 ; ------6- . 8. 3; --- ; 3; --- . 9. {(3; 1)}.
Pe , t1 = 9
--- t2 = 5 (y = 0 - 3 3 2 2
2
). , 10. a = 1. (0; 1). 11. ) {(1; 5)}; ) {(1; 3)}; ) {(3; 1)}
2
a {2}; {2}. 12. ) (2; 1; 1); 31 17
------ ; ------ ; --- ;
15 15 3
2x + 9y2 = 4,
2x + 9y2 = 4,
+ 17 3 17
x = 9y
------- x = 5y, ) {(1; 2; 2); (2; 1; 1)}. 13. (3; 2; 1); (2; 3; 1); 3
-------------------- ; -------------------- ; 1 ;
2 2 2
3 17 3 + 17
;
--------------------
; -------------------- ; 1 . 14. {(3; 1; 2); (5; 3; 0)}.
2 2
16 1 16 1
) (1; 3); (1; 3); ----------
- ; ----------- ; ----------- ; ----------- . y x
11 11 11 11
3, 16 . . 15. {(3; 5; 1); (3; 5; 1}. 16. 2; 1; 3);
x = yt; ) {(1; 2); (1; 2); ( 2 ; 2 ); ( 2 ; 2 )};
7
---------- 5 11 7 5 11
2 + 19 3 19 2
- ; --------------------------------- ; --------------------------------- ; --------------------------------- ;
) -------------------------------- 3 (2; 1; 3); -; ----------- ; ----------- ; ----------
13-
; ----------
-; ----------- .
13 13 13 13 13
3 14 + 4 19 3
14 + 4 19 3
4 19 14 3
4 19 14
1 1
17. {(4; 3; 1); (4; 3; 1)}. 18. 1
--- ; --- ; --- .
(2; 1) . 2 3 4
5. ) {(2; 1)}. - x+y 1 1 y+z 1 1 x+z 1 1
2 2 , - ------------- = 5 = --- + --- , ------------ = 7 = --- + --- , ------------ = 6 = --- + --- .
xy x y yz y z xz x z
, :
19. {(1; 1; 0); (1; 1; 0)}. 20. {{3; 3; 3)}. 21. {(1; 5; 0); (1; 5; 0);
(1; 5; 0); (1; 5; 0)}. y z = t.
16x2 + 8xy + y2 72x 18y + 81 = 0,
4x2 12xy + 9y2 4x + 6y + 1 = 0
22. ). 22. ).
(4x + y)2 18(4x + y) + 81 = 0, 4x + y = 9,
2x 3y = 1. y
(2x 3y)2 2(2x 3y) + 1 = 0
y
( O
(1; 2) x
1 1 (1; 1) (1; 1)
- ; 0; ------- ; (1; 1); (1; 1) .
): {(2; 1)}; ) 0; ------
3 3 O
x
6. ) 2 9
--- ; --- ; (1; 3) .
7 7 (1; 2)
242 243
23. ). 23. ). 2 2
) 1 1 1 1
--- --- a- ; --- --- a- a (0; 1], a (; 0] c
y y 4 a 4 a
x2
y= 2 O
x c (1; +); ) (1; +). 4. {0; 3}. 1 + x = t, 4 x = y.
(1; 1) (1; 1) 5. {1}.
1
6. ) x [2; 5].
O 1 x
( x 1 1 )2 + ( x 1 2 )2 = 1
y = 2x2 + 3x | x 1 1| + | x 1 2| = 1.
(3; 9)
1 m x 1 m 2 ,
23. ). x 1 < 1 x 1 > 2 ; ) x [10; +);
y
) x [1; 2]. 7. ) {5; 14}. 3 13 x = u, 3 22 + x = v,
u + v = 5, u + v = 5,
1 4 uv = 6 u1 = 2, v1 = 3; u2 = 3, v2 = 2 . .
O x u3 + v3 = 35
) {3; 24; 88}. 3 24 + x = u, 12 x = v,
u + v = 6,
u3 + u2 12u = 0 u1 = 0, u2 = 3, u3 = 4
u3 + v3 = 36
. .
7. , 2
8. ) 1 4
--- a + --- + 3 a [2; +), a (; 2);
4 a
3
1. ) {a2 1} a [0; +), a [; 0); ) a
------------- 8a
2
2 ) 5 a
------------------------ a [2; 2 2 ], a (; 2) c ( 2 2 ; +).
2
a [3; +), a [; 3); ) {3}.
7 x = u, x 3 = v,
4 + 2x x2 = (x 2)2,
x2l0 u + v = a,
7 x + x 3 = u2 + v2 = 4;
u l 0, v l 0,
. ,
u = a v
. 2. ) {3}; ) {28}; ) {4}; ) 0; 4
--- . 3. ) {6}.
3
a + 8 a2 a 8 a2
x [2; +). x + 10 u1 = ------------------------------ , u2 = ------------------------------ ,
2 2
x 2 0 ( ), a 8 a2 a + 8 a2
v1 = ------------------------------ ; v2 = ------------------------------ .
x + 10 x 2 = 2, x + 10 + x2 =6 x 2 = 2, x = 6; 2 2
244 245
23. ). 23. ). 2 2
) 1 1 1 1
--- --- a- ; --- --- a- a (0; 1], a (; 0] c
y y 4 a 4 a
x2
y= 2 O
x c (1; +); ) (1; +). 4. {0; 3}. 1 + x = t, 4 x = y.
(1; 1) (1; 1) 5. {1}.
1
6. ) x [2; 5].
O 1 x
( x 1 1 )2 + ( x 1 2 )2 = 1
y = 2x2 + 3x | x 1 1| + | x 1 2| = 1.
(3; 9)
1 m x 1 m 2 ,
23. ). x 1 < 1 x 1 > 2 ; ) x [10; +);
y
) x [1; 2]. 7. ) {5; 14}. 3 13 x = u, 3 22 + x = v,
u + v = 5, u + v = 5,
1 4 uv = 6 u1 = 2, v1 = 3; u2 = 3, v2 = 2 . .
O x u3 + v3 = 35
) {3; 24; 88}. 3 24 + x = u, 12 x = v,
u + v = 6,
u3 + u2 12u = 0 u1 = 0, u2 = 3, u3 = 4
u3 + v3 = 36
. .
7. , 2
8. ) 1 4
--- a + --- + 3 a [2; +), a (; 2);
4 a
3
1. ) {a2 1} a [0; +), a [; 0); ) a
------------- 8a
2
2 ) 5 a
------------------------ a [2; 2 2 ], a (; 2) c ( 2 2 ; +).
2
a [3; +), a [; 3); ) {3}.
7 x = u, x 3 = v,
4 + 2x x2 = (x 2)2,
x2l0 u + v = a,
7 x + x 3 = u2 + v2 = 4;
u l 0, v l 0,
. ,
u = a v
. 2. ) {3}; ) {28}; ) {4}; ) 0; 4
--- . 3. ) {6}.
3
a + 8 a2 a 8 a2
x [2; +). x + 10 u1 = ------------------------------ , u2 = ------------------------------ ,
2 2
x 2 0 ( ), a 8 a2 a + 8 a2
v1 = ------------------------------ ; v2 = ------------------------------ .
x + 10 x 2 = 2, x + 10 + x2 =6 x 2 = 2, x = 6; 2 2
244 245
,
13. ) 8
--- ; + ; ) [2; +); ) [4; 2] c [1; 2]; ) [2; 0];
3
8 a2 l 0, a 8 a 2 l 0, -
) {3} c [2; 1]; ) [2; 1] c [7; +). 14. ) [5; 1) c (1; +);
a [2; 2 2 ]. -
+ 29
) (; 2) c 3
-------------------- ; 9 ; ) [6; 0) c (3; 4]; ) [4; 0) c (4; 6].
8 a2
: x a = v 2, x=3+ v2 =5 a
------------------------ ; 2
2
15. ) 3 4
--- ; 2 c (2; 26); ) (2; 1) c (1; +); ) 6; --- c (2; 3].
+1
) 2a
----------------- a ; 1
--- c (2; +), a 1
--- ; 2 .
2 3
a 2 3 3
+ 61
16. ) 5; 9 1 3
-------------------- ; ) -0; --- ; ) -1; --- . x+1 +
8 2 4
) {a + 1 + 2a , a + 1 2a } a -0; 1
--- , {a + 1 + 2a }
2
+ x + 3 = y, y2 3y + 2 < 0.
3a
a 1
--- ; + , a (; 0); ) (; 0] a = 0, 0; ------- , 1 < y < 2, 1 < x+1 +
2 4
+ x + 3 < 2,
a (0; +), a (; 0); ) {a2 + a; a2 a + 1} a [0; 1],
a 2 x+1 + x + 3 > 1,
{a2 + a} a (1; +), a (; 0); ) ----------------
-
2a 1
x+1 + x + 3 < 2,
x l 1.
a -0; 1 1
--- c [1; +), a (; 0) c --- ; 1 . 9. {17 257 ;
2 2
x l 1, -
17 224 }. 5 ( x 2 ) ( x 32 ) = u, 5 ( x 1 ) ( x 31 ) = v, . , -
x 2 + 4x + 3 < x,
u v = 1,
u5 v5 = 31. x < 0,
x2 + 4x + 3 < x2,
x2 + 4x + 3 l 0.
(uv)2 + uv 6 = 0 . .
1+ 2 x l 1, : 1 m x < 3
--- .
10. ----------------- . , 4
2
1
- = y. 11. ) {1} c [2; +);
x4, x2 --------- ) 1 1
--- ; 0 c 0; --- . -
2 4x 2 2
) (0,5; 2]; ) (1; 3]; ) [2; +) a [2; +), a (; 2); : 1 1
--- ; 0 c 0; --- .
2 2
) 1 1 1
--- ; --- 1 --------------------2 a (; 1);
1
- --- ; +
2 2 (1 a) 2
1 + 1 4x 2 x, -
51 1+ 5
a [1; +); ) 3
--- ; 2 . 12. ) ----------------- ; 1 ; ) ---------------------- ; + ; x
---------------------------------
- < 3. ,
4 2 2 1 + 1 4x 2
13
) (3; 4,8]; ) [3; 12); ) 5 12
--- ; ------ ; ) 5
--------------------
; +- . ; ) 1; 5
--- c 5 - ; + .
8 5 6 4 --
3
246 247
,
13. ) 8
--- ; + ; ) [2; +); ) [4; 2] c [1; 2]; ) [2; 0];
3
8 a2 l 0, a 8 a 2 l 0, -
) {3} c [2; 1]; ) [2; 1] c [7; +). 14. ) [5; 1) c (1; +);
a [2; 2 2 ]. -
+ 29
) (; 2) c 3
-------------------- ; 9 ; ) [6; 0) c (3; 4]; ) [4; 0) c (4; 6].
8 a2
: x a = v 2, x=3+ v2 =5 a
------------------------ ; 2
2
15. ) 3 4
--- ; 2 c (2; 26); ) (2; 1) c (1; +); ) 6; --- c (2; 3].
+1
) 2a
----------------- a ; 1
--- c (2; +), a 1
--- ; 2 .
2 3
a 2 3 3
+ 61
16. ) 5; 9 1 3
-------------------- ; ) -0; --- ; ) -1; --- . x+1 +
8 2 4
) {a + 1 + 2a , a + 1 2a } a -0; 1
--- , {a + 1 + 2a }
2
+ x + 3 = y, y2 3y + 2 < 0.
3a
a 1
--- ; + , a (; 0); ) (; 0] a = 0, 0; ------- , 1 < y < 2, 1 < x+1 +
2 4
+ x + 3 < 2,
a (0; +), a (; 0); ) {a2 + a; a2 a + 1} a [0; 1],
a 2 x+1 + x + 3 > 1,
{a2 + a} a (1; +), a (; 0); ) ----------------
-
2a 1
x+1 + x + 3 < 2,
x l 1.
a -0; 1 1
--- c [1; +), a (; 0) c --- ; 1 . 9. {17 257 ;
2 2
x l 1, -
17 224 }. 5 ( x 2 ) ( x 32 ) = u, 5 ( x 1 ) ( x 31 ) = v, . , -
x 2 + 4x + 3 < x,
u v = 1,
u5 v5 = 31. x < 0,
x2 + 4x + 3 < x2,
x2 + 4x + 3 l 0.
(uv)2 + uv 6 = 0 . .
1+ 2 x l 1, : 1 m x < 3
--- .
10. ----------------- . , 4
2
1
- = y. 11. ) {1} c [2; +);
x4, x2 --------- ) 1 1
--- ; 0 c 0; --- . -
2 4x 2 2
) (0,5; 2]; ) (1; 3]; ) [2; +) a [2; +), a (; 2); : 1 1
--- ; 0 c 0; --- .
2 2
) 1 1 1
--- ; --- 1 --------------------2 a (; 1);
1
- --- ; +
2 2 (1 a) 2
1 + 1 4x 2 x, -
51 1+ 5
a [1; +); ) 3
--- ; 2 . 12. ) ----------------- ; 1 ; ) ---------------------- ; + ; x
---------------------------------
- < 3. ,
4 2 2 1 + 1 4x 2
13
) (3; 4,8]; ) [3; 12); ) 5 12
--- ; ------ ; ) 5
--------------------
; +- . ; ) 1; 5
--- c 5 - ; + .
8 5 6 4 --
3
246 247
x > 1.
26. ) x -3; 5 2
--- c --- ; 7 c {9}. (x + 3)(9 x)
- 2 3
x > 1 . -
27 + 6x x2, ,
2
x2 37 2 , (x + 3)(9 x) l 0,
- + 1 > ------ .
-------------------
x 12 12 . . x [3; 9].
, x = 3 x = 9 -
17. ) x (; 2] c (5; +); ) x (; 3] c (6; +).
(0 l 0), . .
1 2
--- --- x = 3 x = 9 .
x1 2 + 1 + 2 2x
18. ) 1 5
--- x 2 ; ) --- x x ; ) (x 1 ) 3 ; ) ----------------------------------; ) --------------------------------------- ;
2 2 x 2 2x + 3 2 x x -
x 2 x+1 ( x + 3 ) ( 9 x ) 27 + 6x x 2 > 0. , -
- ; ) ---------------------------------- . 19. ) x 4y + 4 = 0; ) y + 1 = 0;
) -------------------
1 + x2 4 x x+ x ,
) y + x 4 = 0; ) y 3x + 3 = 0. 20. ) {4}; ) {1}; ) {3}; ) -
1 1
; ) 1
--- ; ) - ----------------- l ----------------- ,
3x 2 2x + 5
3
. 21. ) (4; +); ) 1
--- ; + ; ) ( 7 2 ; +);
2
7x
-------------------------------------------- l 0.
) (0; 9) c (9; +); ) (0; 9). 22. ) (; 2,5); ) (1; 2); ) ; 1
--- ; 2 5
4 6 x --- x + ---
3 2
) (0; +); ) (0; 1).
(. 12), -
23. f(x) = 2 x + --1- 3. -
x
x 3; 5 2
--- c --- ; 7 .
1 1 2 3
f(x) = ------- -----
- ,
2
x x
+ +
f(1) = 0. , f(x) > 0 , 2 x > --1- 3.
x 52 2 7 x
3
. ,
. 12
( x 1 )2 ( 2 x + 1 )
f(x) f(x) = ---------------------------------------------------
-.
x (3; 9) (-
, , , -
24. ) max f(x) = f(0) = 10, min f(x) = f(8) = 6;
[ 6 ;8 ] [ 6 ;8 ]
) x 3; 5 2
--- c --- ; 7 . ,
) max f(x) = f(4) = 8, min f(x) = f(0) = 0; 2 3
[ 0 ;4 ] [ 0 ;4 ]
x = 3
) max f(x) = f(3) = 3 9 , min f(x) = f(0) = f(2) = 0. x = 9, .
[ 0 ;3 ] [ 0 ;3 ]
) 6; 4 5
--- c (2; 3]; ) [3; 2] c --- ; 3 c {5}; ) [4; 3) c
25. x = 1 , ; max f(x) = 3 2
[ 0 ;3 ]
= f(3) = 4 6 , min f(x) = f(1) = 0. c 5
--- ; 5 .
[ 0 ;3 ] 2
248 249
x > 1.
26. ) x -3; 5 2
--- c --- ; 7 c {9}. (x + 3)(9 x)
- 2 3
x > 1 . -
27 + 6x x2, ,
2
x2 37 2 , (x + 3)(9 x) l 0,
- + 1 > ------ .
-------------------
x 12 12 . . x [3; 9].
, x = 3 x = 9 -
17. ) x (; 2] c (5; +); ) x (; 3] c (6; +).
(0 l 0), . .
1 2
--- --- x = 3 x = 9 .
x1 2 + 1 + 2 2x
18. ) 1 5
--- x 2 ; ) --- x x ; ) (x 1 ) 3 ; ) ----------------------------------; ) --------------------------------------- ;
2 2 x 2 2x + 3 2 x x -
x 2 x+1 ( x + 3 ) ( 9 x ) 27 + 6x x 2 > 0. , -
- ; ) ---------------------------------- . 19. ) x 4y + 4 = 0; ) y + 1 = 0;
) -------------------
1 + x2 4 x x+ x ,
) y + x 4 = 0; ) y 3x + 3 = 0. 20. ) {4}; ) {1}; ) {3}; ) -
1 1
; ) 1
--- ; ) - ----------------- l ----------------- ,
3x 2 2x + 5
3
. 21. ) (4; +); ) 1
--- ; + ; ) ( 7 2 ; +);
2
7x
-------------------------------------------- l 0.
) (0; 9) c (9; +); ) (0; 9). 22. ) (; 2,5); ) (1; 2); ) ; 1
--- ; 2 5
4 6 x --- x + ---
3 2
) (0; +); ) (0; 1).
(. 12), -
23. f(x) = 2 x + --1- 3. -
x
x 3; 5 2
--- c --- ; 7 .
1 1 2 3
f(x) = ------- -----
- ,
2
x x
+ +
f(1) = 0. , f(x) > 0 , 2 x > --1- 3.
x 52 2 7 x
3
. ,
. 12
( x 1 )2 ( 2 x + 1 )
f(x) f(x) = ---------------------------------------------------
-.
x (3; 9) (-
, , , -
24. ) max f(x) = f(0) = 10, min f(x) = f(8) = 6;
[ 6 ;8 ] [ 6 ;8 ]
) x 3; 5 2
--- c --- ; 7 . ,
) max f(x) = f(4) = 8, min f(x) = f(0) = 0; 2 3
[ 0 ;4 ] [ 0 ;4 ]
x = 3
) max f(x) = f(3) = 3 9 , min f(x) = f(0) = f(2) = 0. x = 9, .
[ 0 ;3 ] [ 0 ;3 ]
) 6; 4 5
--- c (2; 3]; ) [3; 2] c --- ; 3 c {5}; ) [4; 3) c
25. x = 1 , ; max f(x) = 3 2
[ 0 ;3 ]
= f(3) = 4 6 , min f(x) = f(1) = 0. c 5
--- ; 5 .
[ 0 ;3 ] 2
248 249
8.
27. ) x (; 1] c 13
------ ; + . -
4
1 1
1. ) {(16; 30)}. - = u, ----------------- = v; ) {(41; 40)}.
----------------
x7 y+6
x 5
--- < 0, 1
2
2. ) (c; c 1) | c R, c = 1
--- ; )
2
--- ; --- ; (5; 4) .
x2 4x + 3 l 0, 2 2 5
x 5
--- l 0, 3 109 + 9 3 109 9
2 3. ---------------------------- ; ---------------------------- ; (5; 3) .
2 2
2
x2 4x + 3 > x 5
--- .
2
x2 y2 + x 2 y 2 = 12
x y > 0 x 2 y2 x 2 y 2 = 12 x y < 0.
x< 5
--- , 4. {(0; a + a 2 + 3 )} a (; 3 ), {(0; a + a 2 + 3 );
2
x m 1,
x m 1, (0; a a 2 3 ); (0; a 2 3 a)} [ 3 ; +). 5. 1
--- c
x l 3, 4
x > 13
------ .
xl 5
--- , 4 c [0; +). 6. [2; 2 2 ].
2
7. , b l l 0, :
x > 13
------
ab a+b
4 1) a > 0, b > 0, x = -----------
- , y = ------------ ; 2) b > 0, a = 0,
a+b 4
) (; 1] c 49 33
------ ; + ; ) (; 3] c ------ ; + ; ) (; 2] c x = 0, y = --b- ; 3) a = 0, b = 0, x = 0, y = 0.
24 8 4
y l 0. , -
c 25
------ ; + .
8
28. ) x (; 4] c [12; +). -
- ax + bx = 2 y, bx ax = 2 yx. (1)
x l 0, x < 0, y x l 0, b x l a x , b l a.
x2 + x 12 l x2 x2 + x 12 l 0. ,
+b
- (1) , y = a
------------ , x = ax bx,
4
x l 12 -
x( + b) = b. , x l 0. , y l 0,
[12; +). -
x l 0, b l a, ,
x2 + x 12 l 0 -
b l a l 0.
: (; 4] [3; +).
(; 4]. 8. x1, 2 = 1, y1, 2 = 8; x3, 4 = 1, y3, 4 = 8.
, . 2
---
) (; 2] c [7; +); ) (; 3] c [6; +); ) (; 1] c y
. ---
3
= 4, y = 8x . .
c [8; +). x
250 251
8.
27. ) x (; 1] c 13
------ ; + . -
4
1 1
1. ) {(16; 30)}. - = u, ----------------- = v; ) {(41; 40)}.
----------------
x7 y+6
x 5
--- < 0, 1
2
2. ) (c; c 1) | c R, c = 1
--- ; )
2
--- ; --- ; (5; 4) .
x2 4x + 3 l 0, 2 2 5
x 5
--- l 0, 3 109 + 9 3 109 9
2 3. ---------------------------- ; ---------------------------- ; (5; 3) .
2 2
2
x2 4x + 3 > x 5
--- .
2
x2 y2 + x 2 y 2 = 12
x y > 0 x 2 y2 x 2 y 2 = 12 x y < 0.
x< 5
--- , 4. {(0; a + a 2 + 3 )} a (; 3 ), {(0; a + a 2 + 3 );
2
x m 1,
x m 1, (0; a a 2 3 ); (0; a 2 3 a)} [ 3 ; +). 5. 1
--- c
x l 3, 4
x > 13
------ .
xl 5
--- , 4 c [0; +). 6. [2; 2 2 ].
2
7. , b l l 0, :
x > 13
------
ab a+b
4 1) a > 0, b > 0, x = -----------
- , y = ------------ ; 2) b > 0, a = 0,
a+b 4
) (; 1] c 49 33
------ ; + ; ) (; 3] c ------ ; + ; ) (; 2] c x = 0, y = --b- ; 3) a = 0, b = 0, x = 0, y = 0.
24 8 4
y l 0. , -
c 25
------ ; + .
8
28. ) x (; 4] c [12; +). -
- ax + bx = 2 y, bx ax = 2 yx. (1)
x l 0, x < 0, y x l 0, b x l a x , b l a.
x2 + x 12 l x2 x2 + x 12 l 0. ,
+b
- (1) , y = a
------------ , x = ax bx,
4
x l 12 -
x( + b) = b. , x l 0. , y l 0,
[12; +). -
x l 0, b l a, ,
x2 + x 12 l 0 -
b l a l 0.
: (; 4] [3; +).
(; 4]. 8. x1, 2 = 1, y1, 2 = 8; x3, 4 = 1, y3, 4 = 8.
, . 2
---
) (; 2] c [7; +); ) (; 3] c [6; +); ) (; 1] c y
. ---
3
= 4, y = 8x . .
c [8; +). x
250 251
9. x1 = 1, y1 = 8; x2 = 8, y2 = 1. 10. x1 = 128 2 2
---------- , y1 = ------ ; x2 = ------ ,
13 13 13
II
y2 = 128 5 5 3
---------- . 11. x = --- , y = 6. 12. x = --- a2, y = a2 --- . 13. x1, 2 = 16; .
13 2 8 8
y1, 2 = 1; x3, 4 = 1; y3, 4 = 16. 14. x = 1, y = 4. 15. ) 7
--- m x < 4; ) {1}.
4 ,
16. y 17. y 18.
x = (y 1)2
y = 2x
y
y = 2x
O x
1
2
y = x O 1 x
1 O 1 x
1.
1. , . ); ); ), 1. 2. , -
. ) ), 1. 3. ) y > x; ) y > x; ) x > y; ) x > y.
4. 2300 < 3200. 2300 = (23)100 = 8100, 3200 = (32)100 = 9100;
, 9100 > 8100. 5. ) 9; ) ln 3; ) ln |a|; ) 4 loga |b|; ) 3.
log a b 1/ log a b
6. ) 2; ) 1; ) 2; ) 0. a = ( a loga b ) =b log b a
,
log b a log b a
, b b = 0. 7. ) 3 (1 c d);
5d
) -----------------------------------------------
- ; ) 5c 6d 4.
2 ( c 2d + cd + 1 )
175 7 7
0,175 : 0,175 = ------------- = ------ = ----------------- .
2 1000 40 2 10
, lg 0,175 = lg 7 2 lg 2 1 -
lg 2 lg 7.
lg 196 = lg 22 72 = 2 lg 2 + 2 1g 7 = c, (1)
lg 56 = lg 23 7 = 3 lg 2 + lg 7 = d. (2)
(1) (2) lg 2 lg 7,
c 3c 2d
lg 2 = 2d
---------------- , lg 7 = -------------------- ;
4 4
lg (0,175)4 = 4 (lg 7 2 lg 2 1) = 5c 6d 4.
252 253
9. x1 = 1, y1 = 8; x2 = 8, y2 = 1. 10. x1 = 128 2 2
---------- , y1 = ------ ; x2 = ------ ,
13 13 13
II
y2 = 128 5 5 3
---------- . 11. x = --- , y = 6. 12. x = --- a2, y = a2 --- . 13. x1, 2 = 16; .
13 2 8 8
y1, 2 = 1; x3, 4 = 1; y3, 4 = 16. 14. x = 1, y = 4. 15. ) 7
--- m x < 4; ) {1}.
4 ,
16. y 17. y 18.
x = (y 1)2
y = 2x
y
y = 2x
O x
1
2
y = x O 1 x
1 O 1 x
1.
1. , . ); ); ), 1. 2. , -
. ) ), 1. 3. ) y > x; ) y > x; ) x > y; ) x > y.
4. 2300 < 3200. 2300 = (23)100 = 8100, 3200 = (32)100 = 9100;
, 9100 > 8100. 5. ) 9; ) ln 3; ) ln |a|; ) 4 loga |b|; ) 3.
log a b 1/ log a b
6. ) 2; ) 1; ) 2; ) 0. a = ( a loga b ) =b log b a
,
log b a log b a
, b b = 0. 7. ) 3 (1 c d);
5d
) -----------------------------------------------
- ; ) 5c 6d 4.
2 ( c 2d + cd + 1 )
175 7 7
0,175 : 0,175 = ------------- = ------ = ----------------- .
2 1000 40 2 10
, lg 0,175 = lg 7 2 lg 2 1 -
lg 2 lg 7.
lg 196 = lg 22 72 = 2 lg 2 + 2 1g 7 = c, (1)
lg 56 = lg 23 7 = 3 lg 2 + lg 7 = d. (2)
(1) (2) lg 2 lg 7,
c 3c 2d
lg 2 = 2d
---------------- , lg 7 = -------------------- ;
4 4
lg (0,175)4 = 4 (lg 7 2 lg 2 1) = 5c 6d 4.
252 253
2 log 18 2 1 + 2 log 3 2 log 54 (x2 + 2 0 -
8. log12 18 = ------------------ = ------------------------------
- log2454 = ------------------ =
log 2 12 2 + log 2 3 log 2 24 x R), 2 x
2 +2 = 23
1 + 3log 2 3 x2 + 2 = 3, -
- , , log2 3 = x,
= ----------------------------
3 + log 2 3 2 1
x1 = 1 x2 = 1; ) { 2 ; 1; 1; 2 }. 3 x = t;
+ 2x 1 + 3x 1 + 2x 1 + 3x
ab + 5(a b) = 1
----------------- ----------------- + 5 ----------------- ----------------- = ) {20}; ) 3
--- . 2 x + x2 2 = t. 15. ) { log 3 2; 2 log 3 2}.
2+x 3+x 2x 3+x 2 --- ---
2 2
6x 2 + 5x + 1 + 5 ( x 2 + 1 ) x 2 + 5x + 6
= ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------------------------ = 1. x
(x + 2)(x + 3) (x + 2)(x + 3) 4x 3
--- = t; ) {1 3;
2
9 2x x +1
2
1 0; 2; 1 + 3 }.
9. 3. log2 12 = , -----------------
- =
log 96 2
5 2x x 2 + 1
1 --- = t; ) {1 3;1+ 3 }; ) log 6; 0 .
= log2 23 12 = a + 3, log2 24 = 1 + a, log2 196 = a + 4 -----------------
- = a, 3 5 27
log 12 2
(a + 1)(a + 3) a(a + 4) = 3. 16. ) {2; 3}. 3 x2 = u, 3x + 6 = v.
+1 n+2
10. , n 1 1
------------- = 1 + --- > ------------- = 1 + ------------- . - u2 2uv + v2 = 0, (u v)2 = 0;
n n n+1 n+1 2
, ( n > 1) , 3 x = 3x + 6. , -
;
+1 n+1 n+2
logn n
------------- > logn + 1 ------------- > logn + 1 ------------- ) {2; 4}. 2 2x + 1 x2 y
= y, 2x = z, ---------
- +z=
n n n+1
2
2z x2 x2
= 2y + x
---------- ------ 1 (2y z) = 0. : ------ 1 = 0
4 4 4
logn (n + 1) logn n > logn + 1 (n + 2) logn + 1 (n + 1),
x1 = 2 ( ), x2 = 2 2 2x + 1 + 1 = 2 x,
, logn (n + 1) > logn + 1 (n + 2), -
2x + 1 = x 1 x3 = 0 ( ), x3 = 4.
logn n = logn + 1 (n + 1) = 1.
17. ) {11}. :
11. 27 > 25, log8 27 > log9 25. Ho log8 27 =
= log 2 3 3 3 = log 2 3 3 2 = log4 9; , log4 9 > log9 25. 4 log64 ( x 3 ) + log2 5 = 4 log4 3 ( x 3 ) ( 2 log2 5 ) 2 =
13
7 = 52 ( 4 log 4 ( x 3 ) ) = 25(x 3)1/3.
12. ) {5 + log3 7}; ) 8
--- ; ) {0}; ) 2 --- ; ) {10}; e) {1};
7 2
: 25(x 3)1/3 = 50, x 3 = 23, x = 11; ) {4}.
1 9 18. {3; 1}. 19. ) {27};
- . 13. ) {5}; ) {0}; ) log4, 5 ------- ; ) {0,2; 3}; ) {3}; ) {10}.
) ------
3 8 ) {1}.
14. ) {1; 1}. 2 x
2 +2 = t, - log2 (3 x)(1 x) = log2 23, (1)
t2
9t + 8 = 0. ,
t1 = 1, t2 = 8. , - x2 4x 5 = 0.
x = 1 x = 5. (1) -
2 x
2 +2 = t1 = 1 2 x
2 +2 = t2 = 8. , -
254 255
2 log 18 2 1 + 2 log 3 2 log 54 (x2 + 2 0 -
8. log12 18 = ------------------ = ------------------------------
- log2454 = ------------------ =
log 2 12 2 + log 2 3 log 2 24 x R), 2 x
2 +2 = 23
1 + 3log 2 3 x2 + 2 = 3, -
- , , log2 3 = x,
= ----------------------------
3 + log 2 3 2 1
x1 = 1 x2 = 1; ) { 2 ; 1; 1; 2 }. 3 x = t;
+ 2x 1 + 3x 1 + 2x 1 + 3x
ab + 5(a b) = 1
----------------- ----------------- + 5 ----------------- ----------------- = ) {20}; ) 3
--- . 2 x + x2 2 = t. 15. ) { log 3 2; 2 log 3 2}.
2+x 3+x 2x 3+x 2 --- ---
2 2
6x 2 + 5x + 1 + 5 ( x 2 + 1 ) x 2 + 5x + 6
= ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------------------------ = 1. x
(x + 2)(x + 3) (x + 2)(x + 3) 4x 3
--- = t; ) {1 3;
2
9 2x x +1
2
1 0; 2; 1 + 3 }.
9. 3. log2 12 = , -----------------
- =
log 96 2
5 2x x 2 + 1
1 --- = t; ) {1 3;1+ 3 }; ) log 6; 0 .
= log2 23 12 = a + 3, log2 24 = 1 + a, log2 196 = a + 4 -----------------
- = a, 3 5 27
log 12 2
(a + 1)(a + 3) a(a + 4) = 3. 16. ) {2; 3}. 3 x2 = u, 3x + 6 = v.
+1 n+2
10. , n 1 1
------------- = 1 + --- > ------------- = 1 + ------------- . - u2 2uv + v2 = 0, (u v)2 = 0;
n n n+1 n+1 2
, ( n > 1) , 3 x = 3x + 6. , -
;
+1 n+1 n+2
logn n
------------- > logn + 1 ------------- > logn + 1 ------------- ) {2; 4}. 2 2x + 1 x2 y
= y, 2x = z, ---------
- +z=
n n n+1
2
2z x2 x2
= 2y + x
---------- ------ 1 (2y z) = 0. : ------ 1 = 0
4 4 4
logn (n + 1) logn n > logn + 1 (n + 2) logn + 1 (n + 1),
x1 = 2 ( ), x2 = 2 2 2x + 1 + 1 = 2 x,
, logn (n + 1) > logn + 1 (n + 2), -
2x + 1 = x 1 x3 = 0 ( ), x3 = 4.
logn n = logn + 1 (n + 1) = 1.
17. ) {11}. :
11. 27 > 25, log8 27 > log9 25. Ho log8 27 =
= log 2 3 3 3 = log 2 3 3 2 = log4 9; , log4 9 > log9 25. 4 log64 ( x 3 ) + log2 5 = 4 log4 3 ( x 3 ) ( 2 log2 5 ) 2 =
13
7 = 52 ( 4 log 4 ( x 3 ) ) = 25(x 3)1/3.
12. ) {5 + log3 7}; ) 8
--- ; ) {0}; ) 2 --- ; ) {10}; e) {1};
7 2
: 25(x 3)1/3 = 50, x 3 = 23, x = 11; ) {4}.
1 9 18. {3; 1}. 19. ) {27};
- . 13. ) {5}; ) {0}; ) log4, 5 ------- ; ) {0,2; 3}; ) {3}; ) {10}.
) ------
3 8 ) {1}.
14. ) {1; 1}. 2 x
2 +2 = t, - log2 (3 x)(1 x) = log2 23, (1)
t2
9t + 8 = 0. ,
t1 = 1, t2 = 8. , - x2 4x 5 = 0.
x = 1 x = 5. (1) -
2 x
2 +2 = t1 = 1 2 x
2 +2 = t2 = 8. , -
254 255
. , x = 5 - logx 3 4 5 = 1, -
; ) {4};
) {8}; ) {2}; ) {3}; ) {3; 3 + 2 }. , log3 (x 4)2 = x = 60; ) 1; ------3- .
8
= 2 1og3 |x 4|. 20. ) {11; 6 7 ; 6 + 7 ; 1}; ) {3}; ) {17};
1
) {1}; ) {2}; ) { 2 ; 6 }. lg2 = --- log2 x log2 x log3 x 3 1og3 x = 0 (1)
2
1 1
---------------------- ----------------------
. 21. ) 2 a ; 2 a a 0; ------
log 4a 4 log 4a 4 1 , x = 1 ; -
= lg2 1
---
1
-- c ------- ; 1- c
a
2 2 (1) logx 3 6 logx 2 2 = 0 -
c (1; +), a R. 1
. 23. ) ------
1
; 10 ; ) --- ; 4 ; ) {3; 39}; ) ---------
1
- ; 5 .
: x 0, a > 0, a 1.
10 2
625
log 2 x 2 log 2 a 1
- = 1 log2x2 = ----------------------2- a -------
2 log2x2 + ----------------- 1
log 2 a log 2 2a 2 24. ) { 5 5 ; 5}. logx 5 = t; ) {10}; ) --- . -
4
1 1 1
----------------------2- ----------------------2- ----------------------4-
x2 = ( 2 log2 a ) log 2 2a = a log 2 2a x = a log 2 4a . 3 + 24
log3x + 7 (2x + 3) = t; ) 0; 7
--- ; -------------------- .
4 2
+3 2a 1
) 3a
----------------- a (3; 7), a (3; 7); ) ----------------- a
7a
6 lg (4 x) = u, lg x + 1
--- = v -
2
(; 12) c 1 1
--- ; +- , a -12; --- . u2 + uv 2v2. 25. ) {2}. ,
2 2
log x 27 1
logx 27 log9 x = ------------------ = log9 27 = 3
--- ; ) -------- ; 8 .
log x 9 2 3 4
6x2 + 25x = 2ax + 8a 4, log2 x = t;
6x2 + 25x > 0. log M
) ------
1
- ; 1; 4 .
a
logN M = -----------------
- , -
log a N
, x1 = 4 (- 2
, ), x2 = :
2
1 2a 1 2a 1
= 2a
----------------- . 6 ----------------- + 25 ----------------- > 0, log 2 x 2 log 2 x 3 log 2 x
6 6 6 ------------------ 14 ---------------------- + 40 ------------------- =
x log 2 16x log 2 4x
log 2 ---
. 2
22. ) {1; 60}. x = 1 2 log x 42 log x 20 log x
2 2 2
; , x = 1 . = ------------------------
- ------------------------- + ------------------------- .
log 2 x 1 log 2 x + 4 log 2 x + 2
, , x 1 ( x = 1
). log2 x = t, t(2t2 3t 2) =
1
----------------------------------------------------- :
log 3 x log 4 x log 5 x = 0, t1 = 0, t2 = 1
--- , t3 = 2. -
2
1 1 1 log2 x = tn (n = 1, 2, 3) -
1 = --------------
- + --------------- + --------------- = logx 3 + logx 4 + logx 5.
log 5 x log 3 x log 4 x , ;
256 257
. , x = 5 - logx 3 4 5 = 1, -
; ) {4};
) {8}; ) {2}; ) {3}; ) {3; 3 + 2 }. , log3 (x 4)2 = x = 60; ) 1; ------3- .
8
= 2 1og3 |x 4|. 20. ) {11; 6 7 ; 6 + 7 ; 1}; ) {3}; ) {17};
1
) {1}; ) {2}; ) { 2 ; 6 }. lg2 = --- log2 x log2 x log3 x 3 1og3 x = 0 (1)
2
1 1
---------------------- ----------------------
. 21. ) 2 a ; 2 a a 0; ------
log 4a 4 log 4a 4 1 , x = 1 ; -
= lg2 1
---
1
-- c ------- ; 1- c
a
2 2 (1) logx 3 6 logx 2 2 = 0 -
c (1; +), a R. 1
. 23. ) ------
1
; 10 ; ) --- ; 4 ; ) {3; 39}; ) ---------
1
- ; 5 .
: x 0, a > 0, a 1.
10 2
625
log 2 x 2 log 2 a 1
- = 1 log2x2 = ----------------------2- a -------
2 log2x2 + ----------------- 1
log 2 a log 2 2a 2 24. ) { 5 5 ; 5}. logx 5 = t; ) {10}; ) --- . -
4
1 1 1
----------------------2- ----------------------2- ----------------------4-
x2 = ( 2 log2 a ) log 2 2a = a log 2 2a x = a log 2 4a . 3 + 24
log3x + 7 (2x + 3) = t; ) 0; 7
--- ; -------------------- .
4 2
+3 2a 1
) 3a
----------------- a (3; 7), a (3; 7); ) ----------------- a
7a
6 lg (4 x) = u, lg x + 1
--- = v -
2
(; 12) c 1 1
--- ; +- , a -12; --- . u2 + uv 2v2. 25. ) {2}. ,
2 2
log x 27 1
logx 27 log9 x = ------------------ = log9 27 = 3
--- ; ) -------- ; 8 .
log x 9 2 3 4
6x2 + 25x = 2ax + 8a 4, log2 x = t;
6x2 + 25x > 0. log M
) ------
1
- ; 1; 4 .
a
logN M = -----------------
- , -
log a N
, x1 = 4 (- 2
, ), x2 = :
2
1 2a 1 2a 1
= 2a
----------------- . 6 ----------------- + 25 ----------------- > 0, log 2 x 2 log 2 x 3 log 2 x
6 6 6 ------------------ 14 ---------------------- + 40 ------------------- =
x log 2 16x log 2 4x
log 2 ---
. 2
22. ) {1; 60}. x = 1 2 log x 42 log x 20 log x
2 2 2
; , x = 1 . = ------------------------
- ------------------------- + ------------------------- .
log 2 x 1 log 2 x + 4 log 2 x + 2
, , x 1 ( x = 1
). log2 x = t, t(2t2 3t 2) =
1
----------------------------------------------------- :
log 3 x log 4 x log 5 x = 0, t1 = 0, t2 = 1
--- , t3 = 2. -
2
1 1 1 log2 x = tn (n = 1, 2, 3) -
1 = --------------
- + --------------- + --------------- = logx 3 + logx 4 + logx 5.
log 5 x log 3 x log 4 x , ;
256 257
5 x x
) 1
1
--- ; 1; 4 ; ) --- ; 1; 3 ; ) {5}. 26. ) {a 1; a + 1} a (1; 2)c . ------ + 12
------ = 1
8 9 13 13
, x < 2.
1
c ( 2 ; 2) c (2; +), {3} = 2; ) {a2} a -0; ------
x x
- c 5
: y1 = ------ y2 = 12
------ ,
2 13 13
1 , x < 2
c ------
- ; 1- c (1; +). 27. ) {25}. 3 + log0,2 x = t;
2 2 5 x 5 2 12 x 2
------
13
> ------
------
> 12
------ . ,
13 13 13
) 1 1+ 5 logx(x2 + 1) = t; ) {2}.
--- ; ) ----------------- . - x x 2 2
5
9
2
------ + 12
------
5
> ------ + 12
------ =1,
13 13 13 13
, 2. -
log 2 x = t. 28. ) {3}; ) 1
--- ; ) {3; 10}. 29. ) {2; 4);
3 , , 2;
) {3}; ) {0}. -
y = 2x y = 1 x (; 0)
) log2 3 2
--- ; log2 --- . 30. ) {2}; ) {2}; ) {0}; ) {1; 2}; ) {2};
5 5
(0; +); ) {3}. 38. 15 a {3}. 39. ) 2; 3
--- ; ) {(|a|66/5; a72/5)}
2
) {log2 3}. 31. ) ------
9
; 99 ; ) ---------
1
; 103 ; ) {1000}; ) {0}.
10 10 5
1 9 1
0, |a| 1; ) 1
--- ; --- . 40. ) --- ; --- ; ) {8; 1}.
2 2 2 2
log ( 3x 2 )
1 x2
32. ------ ; 2; 1000 . 33. {0,2; 6}. 34. {2}. 2 = u,
10 1
41. ) 3
--- ; --- . -
log ( 3x 2 ) 2 2
3 x2 = v 3u2 5uv + 2v2 = 0 -
u ( v). 35. -1
--- ; +- . 2; ) {( 4 3 ; 1); ( 4 3 ; 1). 42. ) {(18; 2); (2; 18)};
5 2
) {(20; 5)}; ) {(3; 6); (6; 3)}; ) 4; 1
--- . log2 x = u,
1 2
36. ------ c [4; +). x | x 2| = y;
16 4y = v. 43. ) {(0,1; 2); (100; 1)}.
10; ) {(2; 10); (10; 2)};
) 2; 1 9a a a 9a
log2 y + 6 = log2 2 |y|, 2y2 y 6 = 0, --- ; ) ------- ; --- ; --- ; ------- a (0; 1) c (1; +).
6
2 2 2 2
y1 = 2 y2 = 3
--- . : 44. ) {(2; 4); (4; 2)}.
2
logx y = z; ) {(a2; a); (a; a2)} a (0; 1) c (1; ), {((a + 1)2;
1) x | x 2| = y1 = 2 x 2 = | x 2| x l 4; (a + 1)); ((a + 1); (a + 1)2)} a (; 2) c (2; 1),
2) x | x 2| = y2 = 3 1 1
--- 2 x = --- x = ------ .
a {2; 1} c [1; 0]. 45. ) {(3; 9); (9; 3)}; ) {(3; 2)}. 46. ) {(2; 2);
2 2 16
1
, . (2; 2)}; ) {(12; 4)}. 47. 5; 1
--- . 48. 64; --- . 49. {(2; 4)}.
2 4
37. ) {2}. , x = 2
. , , y N.
258 259
5 x x
) 1
1
--- ; 1; 4 ; ) --- ; 1; 3 ; ) {5}. 26. ) {a 1; a + 1} a (1; 2)c . ------ + 12
------ = 1
8 9 13 13
, x < 2.
1
c ( 2 ; 2) c (2; +), {3} = 2; ) {a2} a -0; ------
x x
- c 5
: y1 = ------ y2 = 12
------ ,
2 13 13
1 , x < 2
c ------
- ; 1- c (1; +). 27. ) {25}. 3 + log0,2 x = t;
2 2 5 x 5 2 12 x 2
------
13
> ------
------
> 12
------ . ,
13 13 13
) 1 1+ 5 logx(x2 + 1) = t; ) {2}.
--- ; ) ----------------- . - x x 2 2
5
9
2
------ + 12
------
5
> ------ + 12
------ =1,
13 13 13 13
, 2. -
log 2 x = t. 28. ) {3}; ) 1
--- ; ) {3; 10}. 29. ) {2; 4);
3 , , 2;
) {3}; ) {0}. -
y = 2x y = 1 x (; 0)
) log2 3 2
--- ; log2 --- . 30. ) {2}; ) {2}; ) {0}; ) {1; 2}; ) {2};
5 5
(0; +); ) {3}. 38. 15 a {3}. 39. ) 2; 3
--- ; ) {(|a|66/5; a72/5)}
2
) {log2 3}. 31. ) ------
9
; 99 ; ) ---------
1
; 103 ; ) {1000}; ) {0}.
10 10 5
1 9 1
0, |a| 1; ) 1
--- ; --- . 40. ) --- ; --- ; ) {8; 1}.
2 2 2 2
log ( 3x 2 )
1 x2
32. ------ ; 2; 1000 . 33. {0,2; 6}. 34. {2}. 2 = u,
10 1
41. ) 3
--- ; --- . -
log ( 3x 2 ) 2 2
3 x2 = v 3u2 5uv + 2v2 = 0 -
u ( v). 35. -1
--- ; +- . 2; ) {( 4 3 ; 1); ( 4 3 ; 1). 42. ) {(18; 2); (2; 18)};
5 2
) {(20; 5)}; ) {(3; 6); (6; 3)}; ) 4; 1
--- . log2 x = u,
1 2
36. ------ c [4; +). x | x 2| = y;
16 4y = v. 43. ) {(0,1; 2); (100; 1)}.
10; ) {(2; 10); (10; 2)};
) 2; 1 9a a a 9a
log2 y + 6 = log2 2 |y|, 2y2 y 6 = 0, --- ; ) ------- ; --- ; --- ; ------- a (0; 1) c (1; +).
6
2 2 2 2
y1 = 2 y2 = 3
--- . : 44. ) {(2; 4); (4; 2)}.
2
logx y = z; ) {(a2; a); (a; a2)} a (0; 1) c (1; ), {((a + 1)2;
1) x | x 2| = y1 = 2 x 2 = | x 2| x l 4; (a + 1)); ((a + 1); (a + 1)2)} a (; 2) c (2; 1),
2) x | x 2| = y2 = 3 1 1
--- 2 x = --- x = ------ .
a {2; 1} c [1; 0]. 45. ) {(3; 9); (9; 3)}; ) {(3; 2)}. 46. ) {(2; 2);
2 2 16
1
, . (2; 2)}; ) {(12; 4)}. 47. 5; 1
--- . 48. 64; --- . 49. {(2; 4)}.
2 4
37. ) {2}. , x = 2
. , , y N.
258 259
2.
2 < x < 27,
1. ) [1; 1 3 ) c (1 + 3 ; 3]. - 0 < (x 2)(27 x) < 100,
x2 2x 2 > 0, ; ) (2; 4); ) 1; 11
------ ; ) [1; 4).
x2 2x 2 m 1. 10
x , 6. ) (4; 1 3 ] c (0; 3 1]; ) (3; 5]; ) (2; 5); ) (; 1) c
x [; 1 3 ) c (1 + 3 ; +), , x [1; 3]. c (2; +). 7. ) (log2 5; +); ) (1; 7); ) (1 5 ; 1) c (3; 1 +
+ 5 ); ) (; 0); c (3; +); ) (2; +); e) (; 8) c (4; +);
x [1; 1 3 ) c (1 + 3 ; 3]; ) (2; 9); ) [4; 3) c (0; 1]; ) [4; 6). ) [0; +) a (; 0), ((a log3 2)2; +) a (0; +).
2. ) (; 2) c 1 2 8. ) (0; 104] c [10; +). lg x = t, -
--- ; + ; ) 2; ---- ; ) [0; 2 2 ) c (2 + 2 ; 6];
2 32 t + 3t 4 l 0, -
2
) 3 4
--- ; --- . 3. ) (; 2,5) c (0; +); ) (1 2 ; 2) c (0; 2 1);
4 3
t m 4, lg x m 4,
tl1 lg x l 1,
) (; 2 2 ) c (2 + 2 ; +); ) (; 2) c 15
------ ; +- ;
8
) [7; 35 ) c [5; 35 ). 4. ) (2; 7). - ; ) 0; 1
--- c [ 2 ; +). -
2
1 1
, , log2 x = t; ) (0; 1) c ( 3 ; 9); ) ------ ; --- c (8; 16).
16 8
2x 4 > 0, 2 1 1
x + 3 > 2x 4, log 2 x = t; ) 0; ----------
- c --- ; 243 c [27; +).
27 3
; ) ( 5 ; 2) c (1; 5 ). - 2 1
2 log 3 x 3 log3 x 7 = t; ) ------ ; 1 1 1
--- c --- ; 2 ; ) 0; --- c
16 4 2 2
x2 + x 2 > 0, c (32; +]. 9. ) log2 ------3- ; + . 22x + 1 = t > 0;
x2 + x 2 < x + 3; 2
5 3+ 5
) (1; 1) c (3; +); ) -1 5 1+ 5 ) (1; +]. 10x = t > 0; ) log2 3
----------------- ; log2 ----------------- ;
----------------- ; ----------------- . 2 2
2 2
) (; 1 log3 3 5 ]. 32 3x = t > 0; ) (; 0) c
log2 (x + 1)1; ) (1; 1 + 2 2 ).
5. ) (2; 7) c (22; 27). - c (log2 3; +); e) (0,01; +). 3lg x + 2 = t > 0;
) (; 1) c (0,1; 0). 2lg (x) = t > 0. 10. ) (log2 (5 +
x 2 > 0,
27 x > 0, + 33 ) 1; +); ) (; 0] c [log6 5; 1); ) (log5 ( 2 + 1); log5 3).
lg (x 2)(27 x) < 2, log 2
(5x 1) = t; ) (; 0) c (0; +). 11. ) [2; +);
260 261
2.
2 < x < 27,
1. ) [1; 1 3 ) c (1 + 3 ; 3]. - 0 < (x 2)(27 x) < 100,
x2 2x 2 > 0, ; ) (2; 4); ) 1; 11
------ ; ) [1; 4).
x2 2x 2 m 1. 10
x , 6. ) (4; 1 3 ] c (0; 3 1]; ) (3; 5]; ) (2; 5); ) (; 1) c
x [; 1 3 ) c (1 + 3 ; +), , x [1; 3]. c (2; +). 7. ) (log2 5; +); ) (1; 7); ) (1 5 ; 1) c (3; 1 +
+ 5 ); ) (; 0); c (3; +); ) (2; +); e) (; 8) c (4; +);
x [1; 1 3 ) c (1 + 3 ; 3]; ) (2; 9); ) [4; 3) c (0; 1]; ) [4; 6). ) [0; +) a (; 0), ((a log3 2)2; +) a (0; +).
2. ) (; 2) c 1 2 8. ) (0; 104] c [10; +). lg x = t, -
--- ; + ; ) 2; ---- ; ) [0; 2 2 ) c (2 + 2 ; 6];
2 32 t + 3t 4 l 0, -
2
) 3 4
--- ; --- . 3. ) (; 2,5) c (0; +); ) (1 2 ; 2) c (0; 2 1);
4 3
t m 4, lg x m 4,
tl1 lg x l 1,
) (; 2 2 ) c (2 + 2 ; +); ) (; 2) c 15
------ ; +- ;
8
) [7; 35 ) c [5; 35 ). 4. ) (2; 7). - ; ) 0; 1
--- c [ 2 ; +). -
2
1 1
, , log2 x = t; ) (0; 1) c ( 3 ; 9); ) ------ ; --- c (8; 16).
16 8
2x 4 > 0, 2 1 1
x + 3 > 2x 4, log 2 x = t; ) 0; ----------
- c --- ; 243 c [27; +).
27 3
; ) ( 5 ; 2) c (1; 5 ). - 2 1
2 log 3 x 3 log3 x 7 = t; ) ------ ; 1 1 1
--- c --- ; 2 ; ) 0; --- c
16 4 2 2
x2 + x 2 > 0, c (32; +]. 9. ) log2 ------3- ; + . 22x + 1 = t > 0;
x2 + x 2 < x + 3; 2
5 3+ 5
) (1; 1) c (3; +); ) -1 5 1+ 5 ) (1; +]. 10x = t > 0; ) log2 3
----------------- ; log2 ----------------- ;
----------------- ; ----------------- . 2 2
2 2
) (; 1 log3 3 5 ]. 32 3x = t > 0; ) (; 0) c
log2 (x + 1)1; ) (1; 1 + 2 2 ).
5. ) (2; 7) c (22; 27). - c (log2 3; +); e) (0,01; +). 3lg x + 2 = t > 0;
) (; 1) c (0,1; 0). 2lg (x) = t > 0. 10. ) (log2 (5 +
x 2 > 0,
27 x > 0, + 33 ) 1; +); ) (; 0] c [log6 5; 1); ) (log5 ( 2 + 1); log5 3).
lg (x 2)(27 x) < 2, log 2
(5x 1) = t; ) (; 0) c (0; +). 11. ) [2; +);
260 261
28 x (5; +), x (3; 4);
) ------ ; + ; ) log3 83
------ ; + . 12. ) (3; 6 ) c ( 6 ; 3);
3 19
, ; ) (1; 2). 17. ) 0; 1
--- c
2
1 + 17
) - 1
--- ; 2 . 13. ) [3; 1); ) 4; -------------------- . 14. ) (0; 2) c (4; +);
2 2
c (1; 2) c (3; 6); ) (3; 2) c (1; 0) c (1; 3); ) 4 23
--- ; ------ ;
3 22
+ 1 + 4a 2
) (1000; +); ) 0; 1
--- c [4; +). 15. ) 1
---------------------------------- ; +
4 2 13 3
) 2; 3 1 1
--- c [1; 3]; ) --- ; --- . 18. ) (3; 1); ) 0; -------------------- c
2 5 2 2
1 + 1 + 4a 2
a (1; +); 1; ---------------------------------
- a (0; 1). -
2 (1; +). 19. ) 1; 1 7
--- c (1; 2) c 2; --- ; ) (3; 5 3 ) c (7; +).
2 2
a > 1 0 < a < 1. a > 1, -
20. (1; 2); ) (0; 3) c (4; 6) c (6; 12) c (14; +). 21. ) (0; 4); ) [2; 4);
) 1
--- , 4 ; ) (1; 2). 22. ) (0; 2).
x > 1, 2
x(x 1) > a2. 1
- ; 1 c (3; +).
(2x 1)(25 5x) > 0; ) ------ -
5
x2 x a2 x1 = ( log x 1 ) ( 2 log x + 1 )
3 5
- > 0; ) (1; +) 23. {8}.
---------------------------------------------------------------- -
1 + 4a 2 1 + 1 + 4a 2 log 3 x
=1
---------------------------------- x2 = ---------------------------------- ,
2 2
x (; x1) c (x2; +). x1 < 0, , log0,3 10 1
------ (log2 5 1) < 0. 24. {4}. 25. 0; -----4- a
7 a
, x (1; +), (0; a8) a (0; 1).
(x2; +) (x2 > 1 a > 1).
, 0 < a < 1.
3. ,
x > 1,
x2 x a2 < 0.
1. ), ), ), ; ), ), ), ), .
x - x + 3 x 3 x 3 x
2. 3x = 3
--------------------- + --------------------- . f1(x) = f1(x) f2(x) = f2(x).
, x (x1; x2). - 2 2
x (1; x2); ) (0; a5) c (a3; a2) c 1 1
--- ; + ; ) --- ; a4
a a 3x = f1(x) + f2(x), (1)
a (1; +), a4; 1
--- a (0; 1); ) [loga (4 + 16 + a 2 ); 3 loga 2)
a
3x = f1(x) + f2(x) = f1(x) f2(x). (2)
(0; 1), [loga (4 + 16 + a 2 ); +) a (1; +).
16. ) (3; 4) c (5; +). - (1) (2) f1(x) f2(x),
x + 3 x 3 x 3 x
f1 = 3
--------------------- , f2 = --------------------- .
2 2
x 3 > 1, 0 < x 3 < 1,
0 < x 1 < (x 3)2; x 1 > (x 3)2 > 0. 3. T = 2; . 4. y = ln (x + 1 + x 2 ).
262 263
28 x (5; +), x (3; 4);
) ------ ; + ; ) log3 83
------ ; + . 12. ) (3; 6 ) c ( 6 ; 3);
3 19
, ; ) (1; 2). 17. ) 0; 1
--- c
2
1 + 17
) - 1
--- ; 2 . 13. ) [3; 1); ) 4; -------------------- . 14. ) (0; 2) c (4; +);
2 2
c (1; 2) c (3; 6); ) (3; 2) c (1; 0) c (1; 3); ) 4 23
--- ; ------ ;
3 22
+ 1 + 4a 2
) (1000; +); ) 0; 1
--- c [4; +). 15. ) 1
---------------------------------- ; +
4 2 13 3
) 2; 3 1 1
--- c [1; 3]; ) --- ; --- . 18. ) (3; 1); ) 0; -------------------- c
2 5 2 2
1 + 1 + 4a 2
a (1; +); 1; ---------------------------------
- a (0; 1). -
2 (1; +). 19. ) 1; 1 7
--- c (1; 2) c 2; --- ; ) (3; 5 3 ) c (7; +).
2 2
a > 1 0 < a < 1. a > 1, -
20. (1; 2); ) (0; 3) c (4; 6) c (6; 12) c (14; +). 21. ) (0; 4); ) [2; 4);
) 1
--- , 4 ; ) (1; 2). 22. ) (0; 2).
x > 1, 2
x(x 1) > a2. 1
- ; 1 c (3; +).
(2x 1)(25 5x) > 0; ) ------ -
5
x2 x a2 x1 = ( log x 1 ) ( 2 log x + 1 )
3 5
- > 0; ) (1; +) 23. {8}.
---------------------------------------------------------------- -
1 + 4a 2 1 + 1 + 4a 2 log 3 x
=1
---------------------------------- x2 = ---------------------------------- ,
2 2
x (; x1) c (x2; +). x1 < 0, , log0,3 10 1
------ (log2 5 1) < 0. 24. {4}. 25. 0; -----4- a
7 a
, x (1; +), (0; a8) a (0; 1).
(x2; +) (x2 > 1 a > 1).
, 0 < a < 1.
3. ,
x > 1,
x2 x a2 < 0.
1. ), ), ), ; ), ), ), ), .
x - x + 3 x 3 x 3 x
2. 3x = 3
--------------------- + --------------------- . f1(x) = f1(x) f2(x) = f2(x).
, x (x1; x2). - 2 2
x (1; x2); ) (0; a5) c (a3; a2) c 1 1
--- ; + ; ) --- ; a4
a a 3x = f1(x) + f2(x), (1)
a (1; +), a4; 1
--- a (0; 1); ) [loga (4 + 16 + a 2 ); 3 loga 2)
a
3x = f1(x) + f2(x) = f1(x) f2(x). (2)
(0; 1), [loga (4 + 16 + a 2 ); +) a (1; +).
16. ) (3; 4) c (5; +). - (1) (2) f1(x) f2(x),
x + 3 x 3 x 3 x
f1 = 3
--------------------- , f2 = --------------------- .
2 2
x 3 > 1, 0 < x 3 < 1,
0 < x 1 < (x 3)2; x 1 > (x 3)2 > 0. 3. T = 2; . 4. y = ln (x + 1 + x 2 ).
262 263
5. 6. 13. 14.
y
y y y
5
3
2 O
2 2
1 1
1 2 x
1
3 1
O 1 x 1 O 1 x
O 1 1 x
2
15.
7. 8.
y
y y
2 1
1
O
1 2 1 x
1 O 0,5 x O 1 2 3 x
1 1
16. ) 3x ln 3; ) 10x ln 10; ) -----
- ln --- ; ) ex ex; ) 2ex + ex;
x 2 2
9. 10.
y y ) 3x ln 3 + 4x ln 4. 17. 10x (1+ x ln 10); ) ex (1 + x); ) ex (1 x);
2 xe x 1
1 ) 2 x ln 2 ; ) e x 3 5x 2 (3x2 10x); ) ---------------
- . 18. ) ---------------- ;
2 1+x x ln 3
O 1 x
1
) --1- --------- 1 1 5 1
- ---------- ; ) ------------------- ; ) ---------------- ; ) 1 + --- ; ) ln x + 1.
x ln 2 ln 3 2x ln 5 x ln 7 x
1 ln x 1 + x 2 2x 2 ln x
O 1 x 19. ) 2 1 2
---------------- ; ) ---------------------- ; ) -------------------------------2- ; ) ---------------------------------------------
-.
x 2x ln x x ( 1 + ln x ) x(1 + x ) 2 2
11. 12. 20. ) 32 ln 2; ) 1
--- ; ) 1,2; ) 3. 21. ) y = x + 1; ) y = x 1.
3
y y
y= 1
x 22. ) {0}; ) {1; 3}; ) {2; 1}; ) 1
--- ; 1 ; ) {ln a}
2
1
y=x a (0; +); a (; 0] .
1 1 2 O 2 1 + 2 x ,
O 1 x e2x (a 3)ex 3a = 0,
264 265
5. 6. 13. 14.
y
y y y
5
3
2 O
2 2
1 1
1 2 x
1
3 1
O 1 x 1 O 1 x
O 1 1 x
2
15.
7. 8.
y
y y
2 1
1
O
1 2 1 x
1 O 0,5 x O 1 2 3 x
1 1
16. ) 3x ln 3; ) 10x ln 10; ) -----
- ln --- ; ) ex ex; ) 2ex + ex;
x 2 2
9. 10.
y y ) 3x ln 3 + 4x ln 4. 17. 10x (1+ x ln 10); ) ex (1 + x); ) ex (1 x);
2 xe x 1
1 ) 2 x ln 2 ; ) e x 3 5x 2 (3x2 10x); ) ---------------
- . 18. ) ---------------- ;
2 1+x x ln 3
O 1 x
1
) --1- --------- 1 1 5 1
- ---------- ; ) ------------------- ; ) ---------------- ; ) 1 + --- ; ) ln x + 1.
x ln 2 ln 3 2x ln 5 x ln 7 x
1 ln x 1 + x 2 2x 2 ln x
O 1 x 19. ) 2 1 2
---------------- ; ) ---------------------- ; ) -------------------------------2- ; ) ---------------------------------------------
-.
x 2x ln x x ( 1 + ln x ) x(1 + x ) 2 2
11. 12. 20. ) 32 ln 2; ) 1
--- ; ) 1,2; ) 3. 21. ) y = x + 1; ) y = x 1.
3
y y
y= 1
x 22. ) {0}; ) {1; 3}; ) {2; 1}; ) 1
--- ; 1 ; ) {ln a}
2
1
y=x a (0; +); a (; 0] .
1 1 2 O 2 1 + 2 x ,
O 1 x e2x (a 3)ex 3a = 0,
264 265
ex = 3 ex = a. - 33. y 34. y
, x = ln a, a > 0. 1
a m 0 ;
e 1
O 1 x
) {log0,2 (a)} a (; 0); a [0; +) - O 1 x
; ) {0; ln 2}. 23. ) {2}; ) {e3}; ) {4; 1}.
35. ) {1; 1}.
24. --2- ; 4
--- (2; +). 25. 3
1
1 + ------ ; 2 4; 3 +
1
1 + ------ .
3 3 3e 3e
26. ) (; 0); (0; +); ) (5x)2 29
------ 5x 2x + (2x)2 = 0,
10
(e; +), (0; 1) (1; e); ) log2 3
--- ;
2 (2x)2 > 0
x
+ , ; log2 3
--- . 27. ) x = 1 , - 5 2
5 x
2
- ---
2
29
------ --- + 1 = 0.
10 2
; x = e ; ) -
x
1 , t = 5
--- > 0, -
. 28. 2
--- ; --- . f(x) = --a- + 2bx + 1 2
3 6 x
t2 29
------ t + 1 = 0,
f(1) = f(2) = 0, 10
5
x 5 1
a + 2b = 1, t= 2
--- , --- = --- ,
5 2 2 x = 1,
a x = 1.
--- + 4b = 1.
t= 5
2 x 1
--- 5---
5
= ---
2 2 2
, a = 2 1
--- , b = --- . , ) {1; 0); ) {1; 2}; ) {2; 1}.
3 6
2 x
f(x) = ------
- --- + 1, , x = 1 36. ) 1
--- . -
3x 3 5
x = 2 . log 5 x
--------------- 2log 5 2
log 5 4 log2 x log 5 4 log 5 2
(. . x > 0) x = (2 ) =2 =
29. ) max y = y(4) = 7e4, min y = y(2) = 3e2; ) max y = = ( 2 log 5 x )2, t = 2 log 5 x
> 0
[ 4 ;4 ] [ 4 ;4 ] [ 1 ;2 ]
17 2 2t2 + 5t 3 = 0, -
= y(2) = ---------------
- , min y = y(0) = ---------- ; ) max y = y(1) = 24, min y =
4 ln 2 [ 1 ;2 ] ln 2 [ 1 ;1 ] [ 1 ;1 ] ,
= y(0) = 0; ) max y = y(4) = 21 + 3 ln 2, min y = y(1) = 0. 30. 0. t = 3,
[ 0,5 ;4 ] [ 0,5 ;4 ]
t= 1 log x 1
--- 2 5 = 21 log5 x = 1 x = 51 = --- .
31. ) (3,5; +); ) (ln 2; ln 2). 32. ) t= 1
--- 2 5
2
f(x) = ex x 1. f(x) = ex 1 > 0 x (0; +), f(0) = 0,
, x f(x) > 0;
1 10
) f(x) = x ln (1 + x) ) 1
--- ; ) ------ ; ) ------ .
2 49 9
.
266 267
ex = 3 ex = a. - 33. y 34. y
, x = ln a, a > 0. 1
a m 0 ;
e 1
O 1 x
) {log0,2 (a)} a (; 0); a [0; +) - O 1 x
; ) {0; ln 2}. 23. ) {2}; ) {e3}; ) {4; 1}.
35. ) {1; 1}.
24. --2- ; 4
--- (2; +). 25. 3
1
1 + ------ ; 2 4; 3 +
1
1 + ------ .
3 3 3e 3e
26. ) (; 0); (0; +); ) (5x)2 29
------ 5x 2x + (2x)2 = 0,
10
(e; +), (0; 1) (1; e); ) log2 3
--- ;
2 (2x)2 > 0
x
+ , ; log2 3
--- . 27. ) x = 1 , - 5 2
5 x
2
- ---
2
29
------ --- + 1 = 0.
10 2
; x = e ; ) -
x
1 , t = 5
--- > 0, -
. 28. 2
--- ; --- . f(x) = --a- + 2bx + 1 2
3 6 x
t2 29
------ t + 1 = 0,
f(1) = f(2) = 0, 10
5
x 5 1
a + 2b = 1, t= 2
--- , --- = --- ,
5 2 2 x = 1,
a x = 1.
--- + 4b = 1.
t= 5
2 x 1
--- 5---
5
= ---
2 2 2
, a = 2 1
--- , b = --- . , ) {1; 0); ) {1; 2}; ) {2; 1}.
3 6
2 x
f(x) = ------
- --- + 1, , x = 1 36. ) 1
--- . -
3x 3 5
x = 2 . log 5 x
--------------- 2log 5 2
log 5 4 log2 x log 5 4 log 5 2
(. . x > 0) x = (2 ) =2 =
29. ) max y = y(4) = 7e4, min y = y(2) = 3e2; ) max y = = ( 2 log 5 x )2, t = 2 log 5 x
> 0
[ 4 ;4 ] [ 4 ;4 ] [ 1 ;2 ]
17 2 2t2 + 5t 3 = 0, -
= y(2) = ---------------
- , min y = y(0) = ---------- ; ) max y = y(1) = 24, min y =
4 ln 2 [ 1 ;2 ] ln 2 [ 1 ;1 ] [ 1 ;1 ] ,
= y(0) = 0; ) max y = y(4) = 21 + 3 ln 2, min y = y(1) = 0. 30. 0. t = 3,
[ 0,5 ;4 ] [ 0,5 ;4 ]
t= 1 log x 1
--- 2 5 = 21 log5 x = 1 x = 51 = --- .
31. ) (3,5; +); ) (ln 2; ln 2). 32. ) t= 1
--- 2 5
2
f(x) = ex x 1. f(x) = ex 1 > 0 x (0; +), f(0) = 0,
, x f(x) > 0;
1 10
) f(x) = x ln (1 + x) ) 1
--- ; ) ------ ; ) ------ .
2 49 9
.
266 267
3x 3x t = log2 |x 3|, -
37. ) {1}. , 3 x log 3 2 = --------------
- = ------ , 62 x =
log 2
3 3 2
62 36 t = 4,
= -----
- = ------ , t2 + 3t 4 = 0 1
6x 6x t2 = 1.
x
2x 3 36
------ ------ + 3 = 0. x = 47
------ ,
2 6x
16
1 1
1) log2 |x 3| = 4 |x 3| = ------ x 3 = ------
16 16
2 6x t = 6x > 0 - x = 49
------ .
16
t2 + 6t 72 = 0, ,
x = 1,
t = 12, 2) log2 |x 3| = 1 |x 3| = 2 x 3 = 2 x = 5.
t = 6 6x = 61 x = 1.
t=6
1
) 5 1 2 1 7 4
--- ; 4 ----- ; 32; 22 ; ) 7 --- ; 6 --- ; 11; 3 ; ) 1 --- ; --- ;
) {1}; ) 3
--- ; ) {3; 1}. 3 3 8 8 5 5
2
38. ) {2}. 26; 24 .
2x 3 2x
- +1=
2 --------------- ---------------- , 40. ) [log3 2; 1]. y = 3x,
2x 2x 3
+ 6 m 5y, 5y + 6 m 0. , -
y2 y2
2x 2 m y m 3 2 m 3x m 3, , log3 2 m x m 1.
t = ---------------- > 0 ( )
2x 3 ) (; 1] c [log4 5; +); ) [0; 1]; ) ( ; 1] c [log5 7; +).
2 41. ) (1; 7) c (7; +).
--- + 1 = t t2 t 2 = 0. -
t
(0 < x 1)
(t = 1), t = 2, . .
1
log 7 ---
2x 2x
---------------- = 2, ---------------- = 4, 2x = 4 2x 12, 3 2x = 12, 2x = 4, x = 2.
1 1
logx --- = --------------7- = --------------
-.
2x 3 2x 3 7 log 7 x log 7 x
log7 x = t,
) {1}; ) 1
--- ; ) {2}.
2 t + 1
--- > 2, -
t
,
39. ) 47 49
------ ; ------ ; 1,5 . x 3.
16 16 t2 + 1 2t ( t + 1 ) 2
--------------- > ------ ; ------------------- > 0; 0 < t 1.
t t t
,
2 x,
(x 3)4)2 = 9 4
2
9 log 8 (x 3)4 = 9( log 3 --- log2 |x 3| =
2 3
0 < t < 1, log7 1 < log7 x < log7 7, 1 < x < 7,
2 t > 1,
= 16 log 2 |x 3|; log4 (x 3)2 = log2 |x 3|. log7 x > log7 7 x > 7.
16 x -
2 .
log 2 |x 3| + 3 log2 |x 3| 4 = 0. ) (1; 3] c [81; +); )(1; 2) c (4; +); ) (1; 8] c [16; +).
268 269
3x 3x t = log2 |x 3|, -
37. ) {1}. , 3 x log 3 2 = --------------
- = ------ , 62 x =
log 2
3 3 2
62 36 t = 4,
= -----
- = ------ , t2 + 3t 4 = 0 1
6x 6x t2 = 1.
x
2x 3 36
------ ------ + 3 = 0. x = 47
------ ,
2 6x
16
1 1
1) log2 |x 3| = 4 |x 3| = ------ x 3 = ------
16 16
2 6x t = 6x > 0 - x = 49
------ .
16
t2 + 6t 72 = 0, ,
x = 1,
t = 12, 2) log2 |x 3| = 1 |x 3| = 2 x 3 = 2 x = 5.
t = 6 6x = 61 x = 1.
t=6
1
) 5 1 2 1 7 4
--- ; 4 ----- ; 32; 22 ; ) 7 --- ; 6 --- ; 11; 3 ; ) 1 --- ; --- ;
) {1}; ) 3
--- ; ) {3; 1}. 3 3 8 8 5 5
2
38. ) {2}. 26; 24 .
2x 3 2x
- +1=
2 --------------- ---------------- , 40. ) [log3 2; 1]. y = 3x,
2x 2x 3
+ 6 m 5y, 5y + 6 m 0. , -
y2 y2
2x 2 m y m 3 2 m 3x m 3, , log3 2 m x m 1.
t = ---------------- > 0 ( )
2x 3 ) (; 1] c [log4 5; +); ) [0; 1]; ) ( ; 1] c [log5 7; +).
2 41. ) (1; 7) c (7; +).
--- + 1 = t t2 t 2 = 0. -
t
(0 < x 1)
(t = 1), t = 2, . .
1
log 7 ---
2x 2x
---------------- = 2, ---------------- = 4, 2x = 4 2x 12, 3 2x = 12, 2x = 4, x = 2.
1 1
logx --- = --------------7- = --------------
-.
2x 3 2x 3 7 log 7 x log 7 x
log7 x = t,
) {1}; ) 1
--- ; ) {2}.
2 t + 1
--- > 2, -
t
,
39. ) 47 49
------ ; ------ ; 1,5 . x 3.
16 16 t2 + 1 2t ( t + 1 ) 2
--------------- > ------ ; ------------------- > 0; 0 < t 1.
t t t
,
2 x,
(x 3)4)2 = 9 4
2
9 log 8 (x 3)4 = 9( log 3 --- log2 |x 3| =
2 3
0 < t < 1, log7 1 < log7 x < log7 7, 1 < x < 7,
2 t > 1,
= 16 log 2 |x 3|; log4 (x 3)2 = log2 |x 3|. log7 x > log7 7 x > 7.
16 x -
2 .
log 2 |x 3| + 3 log2 |x 3| 4 = 0. ) (1; 3] c [81; +); )(1; 2) c (4; +); ) (1; 8] c [16; +).
268 269
(. 13), + +
42. ) 0; 1
--- c [ 3 2 ; +). -
2 . 1 10 x
x > 0. ) 1
--- ; 1 c (1; +); ) {log3 2} c [3; +);
2 . 13
3 2 ,
) [log7 5; 1) c (1; 9).
(2 + log 3 x) log 3 x l 3.
2 2 45. ) (; 1 3 ] c (1; 1 + 3] -
:
t = log 3 x,
2
t2 + 2t 3 l 0, t (; 3] c 1 --1- > 0, x1
------------- > 0, x < 0,
c [1; +). x, . x x
x > 1,
4x
) -1 1
--- ; 1 c (1; 3 9 ] ; ) 0; --- c -1 1
--- ; + ; ) 0; ------ c -1
--- ; 1 c 1 x
--- > 0 ------------- > 0 x < 4,
3 4 2 27 3 4 x
c (1; +).
43. ) - 5 1
--- ; 1 c -1; --- c [1; +). - x (; 0) c (1; 4).
4 2
-
, ,
- 5
--- ; + x = 1. -
4 x1 4x
log2 1 --1- + log 1 1 x
--- m 1 log2 ------------- log2 ------------- m 1
x ---
2
4 x 4
10,
( 2x 1 ) ( x 1 ) lg ( 2x + 3 ) 4(x 1) 4(x 1) 2(x 1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------ l 0. log2 ---------------------
- m log2 2 ---------------------- m 2 ---------------------- 1 m 0
lg ( 4x + 5 ) x(4 x) x(4 x) x(4 x)
x 1 1
--- x
2 2x 2 [x (1 3)][x (1 + 3)]
2 ------------------------------ l 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- l 0.
x(x 4) x(x 4)
, -
, 1 .
- 5
--- ; 1 , (. 14), , ,
4 .
-1; 1
--- [1; +).
2
+ + 1 + 3 +
) - 1 6 4 3 1 1
--- ; 1 c -1; --- ; ) - --- ; 1 c -1; --- ; ) - --- ; 0 c --- . 1 3 0 1 4 x
2 5 3 2 2 3
. 14
44. ) (; 1) c {10}. x2 11x +10 = (x 1)(x 10),
) (; 3 7 ) c (2; +); ) [4; 2) c (1; 2]; ) 3 1
--- ; ---- c
( lg x 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( x 10 ) 8 2
- m 0.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
( 2x 2 )2 c (1; 3).
270 271
(. 13), + +
42. ) 0; 1
--- c [ 3 2 ; +). -
2 . 1 10 x
x > 0. ) 1
--- ; 1 c (1; +); ) {log3 2} c [3; +);
2 . 13
3 2 ,
) [log7 5; 1) c (1; 9).
(2 + log 3 x) log 3 x l 3.
2 2 45. ) (; 1 3 ] c (1; 1 + 3] -
:
t = log 3 x,
2
t2 + 2t 3 l 0, t (; 3] c 1 --1- > 0, x1
------------- > 0, x < 0,
c [1; +). x, . x x
x > 1,
4x
) -1 1
--- ; 1 c (1; 3 9 ] ; ) 0; --- c -1 1
--- ; + ; ) 0; ------ c -1
--- ; 1 c 1 x
--- > 0 ------------- > 0 x < 4,
3 4 2 27 3 4 x
c (1; +).
43. ) - 5 1
--- ; 1 c -1; --- c [1; +). - x (; 0) c (1; 4).
4 2
-
, ,
- 5
--- ; + x = 1. -
4 x1 4x
log2 1 --1- + log 1 1 x
--- m 1 log2 ------------- log2 ------------- m 1
x ---
2
4 x 4
10,
( 2x 1 ) ( x 1 ) lg ( 2x + 3 ) 4(x 1) 4(x 1) 2(x 1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------ l 0. log2 ---------------------
- m log2 2 ---------------------- m 2 ---------------------- 1 m 0
lg ( 4x + 5 ) x(4 x) x(4 x) x(4 x)
x 1 1
--- x
2 2x 2 [x (1 3)][x (1 + 3)]
2 ------------------------------ l 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- l 0.
x(x 4) x(x 4)
, -
, 1 .
- 5
--- ; 1 , (. 14), , ,
4 .
-1; 1
--- [1; +).
2
+ + 1 + 3 +
) - 1 6 4 3 1 1
--- ; 1 c -1; --- ; ) - --- ; 1 c -1; --- ; ) - --- ; 0 c --- . 1 3 0 1 4 x
2 5 3 2 2 3
. 14
44. ) (; 1) c {10}. x2 11x +10 = (x 1)(x 10),
) (; 3 7 ) c (2; +); ) [4; 2) c (1; 2]; ) 3 1
--- ; ---- c
( lg x 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( x 10 ) 8 2
- m 0.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
( 2x 2 )2 c (1; 3).
270 271
46. ) - 7
--- ; 3 c (3; 2) c (2; 1) c (1; 0) c (0; 1). - III
2
, -
log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < 2 log x 2 |x|
0 < x2 1, 1.
log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < log x 2 x2
log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < 1
0 < x2 1, 2. ) ( a2 1 )2
2 a 2 ; ) 1 ----------------------- . , sin4 +
0 < 2x + 7 < 1, 7
--- < x < 3; 2
2
x2 + 4x + 4 > 2x + 7, a 2 1 )2
3 < x < 2, + cos4 = (sin2 + cos2 )2 2 (sin cos )2 = 1 (----------------------- .
0< x2 1, 2 < x < 1, 2
2x + 7 > 1, 1 < x < 0, 4 3+3 3(1 b b )2
3. ) p2 2; ) p3 3p. 4. ) --------------------
- ; ) -------------------------------------- .
0 < x2 + 4x + 4 < 2x + 7 0 < x < 1. 10 2
40 + = , cos (70 + ) = cos (30 + ) = ------3- cos
) 2; 5
--- c (3; 4) c (5; 6) c (6; 7) c (7; 8); ) (4; 5) c (5; 6) c 2
2
1
--- sin . 0 < < 45, cos > 0 cos =
2
c (6; 7) c (7; 8); ) 3; 7
--- c (4; 5) c (6; 7) c (7; 8) c (8; 9).
2
3 ( 1 b2 ) b
= 1 b 2 . cos (30 + ) = ---------------------------- --- ;
47. ) (0; 103) c (1; 100); ) (0; log2 3). 48. (3; 9), (9; 3). 49. f = 2 2
= f(0) = 0, f = f(1) = 24. ) 1073
------------- . ,
1105
sin ( + ) = sin ( + ) cos cos ( + ) sin =
= sin cos cos + cos sin cos cos cos sin + sin sin sin ;
) 117 44 117
---------- ; ---------- ; ---------- . , sin 3 =
125 125 44
= 3 sin cos2 sin3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 , cos 3 = 3 cos3
sin 3
3 sin2 cos = 4 cos3 3 cos , tg 3 = ----------------
- =
cos 3
3 sin cos 2 sin 3 3tg tg 3
= --------------------------------------------------------- - . 5.
- = --------------------------------
cos 3 sin cos
2 2 1 3tg 2
+ = . 9. ) tg 2; ) tg ; ) tg 2; ) cosec ; ) 1
--- .
2
2 sin ---
cos 2 4 6 7 2 4
------- + cos ------- + cos ------- = ----------------- cos ------- + cos ------- +
7 7 7 7 7
2 sin ---
7
272 273
46. ) - 7
--- ; 3 c (3; 2) c (2; 1) c (1; 0) c (0; 1). - III
2
, -
log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < 2 log x 2 |x|
0 < x2 1, 1.
log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < log x 2 x2
log2x + 7 (x2 + 4x + 4) < 1
0 < x2 1, 2. ) ( a2 1 )2
2 a 2 ; ) 1 ----------------------- . , sin4 +
0 < 2x + 7 < 1, 7
--- < x < 3; 2
2
x2 + 4x + 4 > 2x + 7, a 2 1 )2
3 < x < 2, + cos4 = (sin2 + cos2 )2 2 (sin cos )2 = 1 (----------------------- .
0< x2 1, 2 < x < 1, 2
2x + 7 > 1, 1 < x < 0, 4 3+3 3(1 b b )2
3. ) p2 2; ) p3 3p. 4. ) --------------------
- ; ) -------------------------------------- .
0 < x2 + 4x + 4 < 2x + 7 0 < x < 1. 10 2
40 + = , cos (70 + ) = cos (30 + ) = ------3- cos
) 2; 5
--- c (3; 4) c (5; 6) c (6; 7) c (7; 8); ) (4; 5) c (5; 6) c 2
2
1
--- sin . 0 < < 45, cos > 0 cos =
2
c (6; 7) c (7; 8); ) 3; 7
--- c (4; 5) c (6; 7) c (7; 8) c (8; 9).
2
3 ( 1 b2 ) b
= 1 b 2 . cos (30 + ) = ---------------------------- --- ;
47. ) (0; 103) c (1; 100); ) (0; log2 3). 48. (3; 9), (9; 3). 49. f = 2 2
= f(0) = 0, f = f(1) = 24. ) 1073
------------- . ,
1105
sin ( + ) = sin ( + ) cos cos ( + ) sin =
= sin cos cos + cos sin cos cos cos sin + sin sin sin ;
) 117 44 117
---------- ; ---------- ; ---------- . , sin 3 =
125 125 44
= 3 sin cos2 sin3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 , cos 3 = 3 cos3
sin 3
3 sin2 cos = 4 cos3 3 cos , tg 3 = ----------------
- =
cos 3
3 sin cos 2 sin 3 3tg tg 3
= --------------------------------------------------------- - . 5.
- = --------------------------------
cos 3 sin cos
2 2 1 3tg 2
+ = . 9. ) tg 2; ) tg ; ) tg 2; ) cosec ; ) 1
--- .
2
2 sin ---
cos 2 4 6 7 2 4
------- + cos ------- + cos ------- = ----------------- cos ------- + cos ------- +
7 7 7 7 7
2 sin ---
7
272 273
sin 3 5 3 5 ), -
------- sin --- + sin ------- sin ------- + sin sin ------- sin ---
6 7 7 7 7 7 7 :
+ cos ------- = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = ----------------
-=
7 1 2
2 sin --- 2 sin --- --- tg --- + -----------------------------------
7 7 3 2
tg --- + tg --- 3tg --- + ctg ---
13 + 2 2 2 2
sin ---------- sin ------ tg ------------ = ------------------------------- = ---------------------------------------------------------------
- = ctg --- , . .
14 14 2 1 1 2
= 1
--- ; e) 1. ---------------------------------------------------- . 1 tg --- tg ---
2 2
1 --- ctg --- -----------------------------------
3 2
2 3tg --- + ctg ---
2 sin ------ 2 2
14
tg -----------
+
- ctg --- = 0, ,
11. ) 2 2
16 sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70 = sin -----------
+ + ++
- sin --- cos --- cos ------------ = cos ---------------------- = 0,
2 2 2 2 2
= 16 cos 80 cos 60 cos 40 cos 20 = ++
---------------------- = --- ,
2 2
= 8 cos 80 cos 60 cos 40 2 cos 20 sin 20
------------------------------------------- = 0< ++ 3
---------------------- < ------- , . e. + + = - .
sin 20 2 4
2 2 1 cos 45
= 4 cos 80 cos 60 2 sin 40 cos 40
------------------------------------------- = 14. ) --------------------
-. cos 29230 = sin 2230 = ----------------------------- ;
sin 20 2 2
1 3
2 --- cos 10 ------- sin 10
2 2
sin ( 180 160 )
= 2 cos 60 2 sin 80 cos 80 1 sin 160
------------------------------------------- = 2 --- ---------------------- = ----------------------------------------------- = 1; ) 4. cosec 10 3 sec 10 = ------------------------------------------------------------------- =
sin 10 cos 10
sin 20 2 sin 20 sin 20
sin ( 30 10 ) 2 cos 40 cos 20
=4
-------------------------------------------- = 4; ) 3. ------------------------------------------------- =
sin 20 sin 20
) 2 cos2 = 1 + cos 2, 2 sin2 = 1
cos 40 2 sin 30 sin 10 sin 50 sin 10
= -------------------------------------------------------------------- = -------------------------------------------- =2 cos 30 sin 20
------------------------------------------- = 3;
2
cos 2; ) , 1 sin = sin
--- cos --- . sin 20 sin 20 sin 20
2 2
) 4. 2 2 (2sin 35 sin 10 sin 5 2 cos 5 cos 40) =
2tg --- 1 tg 2 ---
= 2 2 (cos 25 sin 5 cos 35 2 cos 45) = 2 2 (2 sin 30 sin 5
12. 1
--- .
2 2
sin + cos = ----------------------- + -----------------------
- = 1,4;
3
1 + tg 2 ---
2
1 + tg 2 ---
2 sin 5 2 ) = 4; ) 3
--- . cos2 73 + cos2 47 + cos 73 cos 47 =
4
2,4 tg2 1 1
--- 2 tg --- + 0,4 = 0, tg --- = --- tg --- = --- . =1 1 3
2 2 2 3 2 2 --- (1 + cos 146 + 1 + (cos 94 + cos 26) + cos 120) = --- --- +
2 2 2
-tg 1
--- = ---
2 2 + 2 cos 60 cos 34 cos (180 146) = 1 3 3
--- --- = --- ;
2 2 4
0<
--- < --- -tg --- = 2 1< 1
--- . 13. . , ) 1
--- . (sin 6 sin 66) + (sin 78 sin 42) = 2 cos 60 sin 18
2 8 8 2 2
+
0 < + + < 3
------- , 0 < ------------ < --- , tg --- tg --- < 1 (, , 2 sin 30 cos 36 = sin 18 sin 54 = ----------------------------------------------
2 cos 36 sin 18
cos 18 =
2 2 2 2 2 cos 18
274 275
sin 3 5 3 5 ), -
------- sin --- + sin ------- sin ------- + sin sin ------- sin ---
6 7 7 7 7 7 7 :
+ cos ------- = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = ----------------
-=
7 1 2
2 sin --- 2 sin --- --- tg --- + -----------------------------------
7 7 3 2
tg --- + tg --- 3tg --- + ctg ---
13 + 2 2 2 2
sin ---------- sin ------ tg ------------ = ------------------------------- = ---------------------------------------------------------------
- = ctg --- , . .
14 14 2 1 1 2
= 1
--- ; e) 1. ---------------------------------------------------- . 1 tg --- tg ---
2 2
1 --- ctg --- -----------------------------------
3 2
2 3tg --- + ctg ---
2 sin ------ 2 2
14
tg -----------
+
- ctg --- = 0, ,
11. ) 2 2
16 sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70 = sin -----------
+ + ++
- sin --- cos --- cos ------------ = cos ---------------------- = 0,
2 2 2 2 2
= 16 cos 80 cos 60 cos 40 cos 20 = ++
---------------------- = --- ,
2 2
= 8 cos 80 cos 60 cos 40 2 cos 20 sin 20
------------------------------------------- = 0< ++ 3
---------------------- < ------- , . e. + + = - .
sin 20 2 4
2 2 1 cos 45
= 4 cos 80 cos 60 2 sin 40 cos 40
------------------------------------------- = 14. ) --------------------
-. cos 29230 = sin 2230 = ----------------------------- ;
sin 20 2 2
1 3
2 --- cos 10 ------- sin 10
2 2
sin ( 180 160 )
= 2 cos 60 2 sin 80 cos 80 1 sin 160
------------------------------------------- = 2 --- ---------------------- = ----------------------------------------------- = 1; ) 4. cosec 10 3 sec 10 = ------------------------------------------------------------------- =
sin 10 cos 10
sin 20 2 sin 20 sin 20
sin ( 30 10 ) 2 cos 40 cos 20
=4
-------------------------------------------- = 4; ) 3. ------------------------------------------------- =
sin 20 sin 20
) 2 cos2 = 1 + cos 2, 2 sin2 = 1
cos 40 2 sin 30 sin 10 sin 50 sin 10
= -------------------------------------------------------------------- = -------------------------------------------- =2 cos 30 sin 20
------------------------------------------- = 3;
2
cos 2; ) , 1 sin = sin
--- cos --- . sin 20 sin 20 sin 20
2 2
) 4. 2 2 (2sin 35 sin 10 sin 5 2 cos 5 cos 40) =
2tg --- 1 tg 2 ---
= 2 2 (cos 25 sin 5 cos 35 2 cos 45) = 2 2 (2 sin 30 sin 5
12. 1
--- .
2 2
sin + cos = ----------------------- + -----------------------
- = 1,4;
3
1 + tg 2 ---
2
1 + tg 2 ---
2 sin 5 2 ) = 4; ) 3
--- . cos2 73 + cos2 47 + cos 73 cos 47 =
4
2,4 tg2 1 1
--- 2 tg --- + 0,4 = 0, tg --- = --- tg --- = --- . =1 1 3
2 2 2 3 2 2 --- (1 + cos 146 + 1 + (cos 94 + cos 26) + cos 120) = --- --- +
2 2 2
-tg 1
--- = ---
2 2 + 2 cos 60 cos 34 cos (180 146) = 1 3 3
--- --- = --- ;
2 2 4
0<
--- < --- -tg --- = 2 1< 1
--- . 13. . , ) 1
--- . (sin 6 sin 66) + (sin 78 sin 42) = 2 cos 60 sin 18
2 8 8 2 2
+
0 < + + < 3
------- , 0 < ------------ < --- , tg --- tg --- < 1 (, , 2 sin 30 cos 36 = sin 18 sin 54 = ----------------------------------------------
2 cos 36 sin 18
cos 18 =
2 2 2 2 2 cos 18
274 275
= 2 cos 36 sin 36 sin 72 1 1 min y = 1. y = 5(1 + cos 2x) 3 sin 2x + (1 cos 2x) = 4 cos 2x
------------------------------------------- = ----------------------- = --- . 15. ) ------- ; ) 1; ) 0. - xR
2 cos 18 2 cos 18 2 2
3 sin 2x + 6. 4. [ 2 2 ; +). 5. min y = 1.
cos 40
, tg2 20 = 1 1
----------------------------- ; ) --- . (ctg2 36 ctg2 72 1) + 1 = xR
1 + cos 40 5 y = (sin 3x + sin 2x)2
+ 1. 6. , -
cos 108 cos 36 1 (sin x cos 2x)
- = 1 (ctg 36 ctg 72) 2 --------------------------------------- = 1
= 1 + -------------------------------------------
2
sin 36 sin 72 2 cos 36 cos 72 ,
2 sin 36 . 7. ,
ctg2 36 ctg2 72 2
------------------------------- = 1 4 ctg2 36 ctg2 72. -
sin 144
-sin3 x
--- sin x- ; -
ctg2 36 ctg2 72 = 1 4 ctg2 36 ctg2 72 5 ctg2 36 ctg2 72 = 2
1
= 1, . ) ------ ; ) 1
--- . 16. ) 3 ; ) 1 1
--- ; ) --- ; ,
16 8 4 2
. 8. a) 2
------- . T 0 -
) 3 ; ) 1
--- . 3
2
2 . sin 3x = sin 3 (x + T), 2 cos -3x + 3T 3T
--------- sin -------- = 0
y2
2 cos 18 ; ) 1. 20. ) x
------ + ------ = 1;
2 2
9 16
x R. ,
) y = 4 x2; ) y x = 1; ) x2 + y2 = 2.
sin 3T 3T
-------- = 0, . . -------- = n, n Z. -
2 2
2. T, -
3T
-------- = (n = 1); ) 2. y =
2
1. ) D(y) =
nZ 4
5
--- + 2n; ------- + 2n ;
4 sin x + sin 2x + sin 5x
- ; ) 4; ) .
= ----------------------------------------------------------
cos 2x
) D(y) = 2
--- + 2n; ------- + 2n ;
6 3
nZ cos2 x = 1 1
--- + --- cos 2x; ) 2; ) ; ) 70.
2 2
) D(y) =
nZ
2
3
4
------- + 2n; ------- + 2n
3 {2n};
nZ
9. : 1) O R x
( 1
--- R2x); 2) O
) D(y) = + 2n; 2
------- + 2n --- + 2n; 2n 2
nZ 3 nZ 3 nZ ( 1
--- R2 sin x); 3) OBC,
2
nZ
--- + 2n; --- + 2n
3 2 ---
nZ 2
+ 2n; 2
------- + 2n ;
3
( 1
--- R2 tg x), -
2
.
) D(y) = n; n; + --- .
nZ 2 10. 0 < x < --- , sin x > 0 -
2. ) E(y) = [3; 3]; ) [cos 2; 1]; ) (cos 1; 1]; ) [16; 10]; ) [0; 2]. 2
x 1
3. ) max y = a 2 + b 2 + c; min y = c a2 + b2 . sin x < x < tg x. 1 < ------------
- < ------------- ,
xR xR sin x cos x
: c + a cos x + b sin x = a2 + b2 , , -
sin x
a b cos x < ------------
- < 1. ,
---------------------
- cos x + ---------------------- sin x- + c = a 2 + b 2 sin (x + ) + c. x
a2 + b2 a2 + b2 , ,
, y , -
sin ( + x) = 1, , sin (x + ) = 1; ) max y = 11, 0 < x < --- , --- < x < 0, . . 0 < |x| < --- .
xR 2 2 2
276 277
= 2 cos 36 sin 36 sin 72 1 1 min y = 1. y = 5(1 + cos 2x) 3 sin 2x + (1 cos 2x) = 4 cos 2x
------------------------------------------- = ----------------------- = --- . 15. ) ------- ; ) 1; ) 0. - xR
2 cos 18 2 cos 18 2 2
3 sin 2x + 6. 4. [ 2 2 ; +). 5. min y = 1.
cos 40
, tg2 20 = 1 1
----------------------------- ; ) --- . (ctg2 36 ctg2 72 1) + 1 = xR
1 + cos 40 5 y = (sin 3x + sin 2x)2
+ 1. 6. , -
cos 108 cos 36 1 (sin x cos 2x)
- = 1 (ctg 36 ctg 72) 2 --------------------------------------- = 1
= 1 + -------------------------------------------
2
sin 36 sin 72 2 cos 36 cos 72 ,
2 sin 36 . 7. ,
ctg2 36 ctg2 72 2
------------------------------- = 1 4 ctg2 36 ctg2 72. -
sin 144
-sin3 x
--- sin x- ; -
ctg2 36 ctg2 72 = 1 4 ctg2 36 ctg2 72 5 ctg2 36 ctg2 72 = 2
1
= 1, . ) ------ ; ) 1
--- . 16. ) 3 ; ) 1 1
--- ; ) --- ; ,
16 8 4 2
. 8. a) 2
------- . T 0 -
) 3 ; ) 1
--- . 3
2
2 . sin 3x = sin 3 (x + T), 2 cos -3x + 3T 3T
--------- sin -------- = 0
y2
2 cos 18 ; ) 1. 20. ) x
------ + ------ = 1;
2 2
9 16
x R. ,
) y = 4 x2; ) y x = 1; ) x2 + y2 = 2.
sin 3T 3T
-------- = 0, . . -------- = n, n Z. -
2 2
2. T, -
3T
-------- = (n = 1); ) 2. y =
2
1. ) D(y) =
nZ 4
5
--- + 2n; ------- + 2n ;
4 sin x + sin 2x + sin 5x
- ; ) 4; ) .
= ----------------------------------------------------------
cos 2x
) D(y) = 2
--- + 2n; ------- + 2n ;
6 3
nZ cos2 x = 1 1
--- + --- cos 2x; ) 2; ) ; ) 70.
2 2
) D(y) =
nZ
2
3
4
------- + 2n; ------- + 2n
3 {2n};
nZ
9. : 1) O R x
( 1
--- R2x); 2) O
) D(y) = + 2n; 2
------- + 2n --- + 2n; 2n 2
nZ 3 nZ 3 nZ ( 1
--- R2 sin x); 3) OBC,
2
nZ
--- + 2n; --- + 2n
3 2 ---
nZ 2
+ 2n; 2
------- + 2n ;
3
( 1
--- R2 tg x), -
2
.
) D(y) = n; n; + --- .
nZ 2 10. 0 < x < --- , sin x > 0 -
2. ) E(y) = [3; 3]; ) [cos 2; 1]; ) (cos 1; 1]; ) [16; 10]; ) [0; 2]. 2
x 1
3. ) max y = a 2 + b 2 + c; min y = c a2 + b2 . sin x < x < tg x. 1 < ------------
- < ------------- ,
xR xR sin x cos x
: c + a cos x + b sin x = a2 + b2 , , -
sin x
a b cos x < ------------
- < 1. ,
---------------------
- cos x + ---------------------- sin x- + c = a 2 + b 2 sin (x + ) + c. x
a2 + b2 a2 + b2 , ,
, y , -
sin ( + x) = 1, , sin (x + ) = 1; ) max y = 11, 0 < x < --- , --- < x < 0, . . 0 < |x| < --- .
xR 2 2 2
276 277
sin nx n+1 sin nx n+1 13. ). 13. ).
------- sin ------------- x ------- cos ------------- x
2 2 2 2
11. ) ------------------------------------------------
- ; ) --------------------------------------------- . y y
x x
sin --- sin --- 2
2 2
1 1
2
2 sin x
--- - O 2 x
2 3
2 2
2
3
2
5
2
1
, .
O x
12. ). 2
y
1
2
O 3 2 x
2 2
12. ). 13. ). 14. ).
y y
3 y
1 2 2 3 1
x 1
3 2 3 O 2 2 2
2
O 1
1 x O x
12. ). 12. ). 2
y 1
y
1 1
6 O 2 2
x O x
2
3
3
5
6
4
3 14. ). 14. ).
12. ). 12. ). y y
1
1
y y 2 4 2
4
3
4
1 1 2 O x x
- 3
4
- 4 O 5
4
2 O x
2 O 2 x
13. ). 13. ).
y y 14. ). 14. ).
y=x y y
1
0 x
1 y = sin x 3
2 2
2
3
2
3
1 2
2 O 2 x 2
x
2 O 2
O x
2
278 279
sin nx n+1 sin nx n+1 13. ). 13. ).
------- sin ------------- x ------- cos ------------- x
2 2 2 2
11. ) ------------------------------------------------
- ; ) --------------------------------------------- . y y
x x
sin --- sin --- 2
2 2
1 1
2
2 sin x
--- - O 2 x
2 3
2 2
2
3
2
5
2
1
, .
O x
12. ). 2
y
1
2
O 3 2 x
2 2
12. ). 13. ). 14. ).
y y
3 y
1 2 2 3 1
x 1
3 2 3 O 2 2 2
2
O 1
1 x O x
12. ). 12. ). 2
y 1
y
1 1
6 O 2 2
x O x
2
3
3
5
6
4
3 14. ). 14. ).
12. ). 12. ). y y
1
1
y y 2 4 2
4
3
4
1 1 2 O x x
- 3
4
- 4 O 5
4
2 O x
2 O 2 x
13. ). 13. ).
y y 14. ). 14. ).
y=x y y
1
0 x
1 y = sin x 3
2 2
2
3
2
3
1 2
2 O 2 x 2
x
2 O 2
O x
2
278 279
15. ). 15. ). 16. ).
y y y
1 3
1 2 O 2 x
O x
1 16. ).
2 6
y
3 O
6 3 2
x
15. ).
3 O 3 x
y
3
4 1 5
3 6 O 2
3 3
5 7 x 17. ) cos x + sin x; ) 4 cos 2x
- ; ) sin 2x; ) sin 2x;
--------------------
2
6 6 6 sin 2x
1 x
) tg2 x (tg2 x + 1); ) ctg3 x (ctg2 x + 1); 18. ) 3 cos 3x; ) ------
- sin ------
-;
2 2
15. ).
) 2 sin (4x 2); ) [3 cos2 (x2 + x) sin (x2 + x)] (2x + 1);
y
1 3 1
- . 19. ) ------- ; ) 2; ) 3. 20. ) y 2 = 0; ) y --- = --- x;
) ----------------------
1 + cos x 2 2 4
1
2 ) y 1 = 4 -x ---- 21. max y = 21; min y = 19. 22. 3
--- .
8 xR xR 4
3 O 3 x
2 2 2
f(x) = 0 x R, f(x) = const,
, x, x = 0.
15. ).
y 3.
1.
1
:
O x sin (arcsin x) = x, cos (arccos x) = x,
3
2 2
2
3
2
tg (arctg x) = x, ctg (arcctg x) = x.
15. ).
0 m arccos x m , sin (arccos x) l 0,
y
1
= arccos x, sin = 1 cos 2
+. ,
3 O 3 x
sin (arccos x) = 1 cos 2 ( arc cos x ) = 1 x2 .
2 2 2 2
280 281
15. ). 15. ). 16. ).
y y y
1 3
1 2 O 2 x
O x
1 16. ).
2 6
y
3 O
6 3 2
x
15. ).
3 O 3 x
y
3
4 1 5
3 6 O 2
3 3
5 7 x 17. ) cos x + sin x; ) 4 cos 2x
- ; ) sin 2x; ) sin 2x;
--------------------
2
6 6 6 sin 2x
1 x
) tg2 x (tg2 x + 1); ) ctg3 x (ctg2 x + 1); 18. ) 3 cos 3x; ) ------
- sin ------
-;
2 2
15. ).
) 2 sin (4x 2); ) [3 cos2 (x2 + x) sin (x2 + x)] (2x + 1);
y
1 3 1
- . 19. ) ------- ; ) 2; ) 3. 20. ) y 2 = 0; ) y --- = --- x;
) ----------------------
1 + cos x 2 2 4
1
2 ) y 1 = 4 -x ---- 21. max y = 21; min y = 19. 22. 3
--- .
8 xR xR 4
3 O 3 x
2 2 2
f(x) = 0 x R, f(x) = const,
, x, x = 0.
15. ).
y 3.
1.
1
:
O x sin (arcsin x) = x, cos (arccos x) = x,
3
2 2
2
3
2
tg (arctg x) = x, ctg (arcctg x) = x.
15. ).
0 m arccos x m , sin (arccos x) l 0,
y
1
= arccos x, sin = 1 cos 2
+. ,
3 O 3 x
sin (arccos x) = 1 cos 2 ( arc cos x ) = 1 x2 .
2 2 2 2
280 281
, 0 < arcctg x < , sin (arcctg x) > 0,
8. ) arcsin (x) = ; --- m m --- ; x = sin ;
1 2 2
sin = --------------------------------
- .
1 + ctg 2 x = sin x = sin (). ,
, --- m m --- , , -
2 2
1 1
sin (arcctg x) = ----------------------------------------------------
- = -------------------- . arcsin x, . . = arcsin x. =
1 + ctg 2 ( arcctg x ) 1 + x2
= arcsin (x) = arcsin x;
, ) arccos (x) = ; 0 m m , x = cos . -
x = cos = cos ( ), 0 m m , . . -
1
cos (arctg x) = -------------------
-. arccos x. x =
1 + x2
= cos ( ) = arccos x, = arccos x.
,
9. ) arcsin 2 2 2
----------- ; arctg 2 2 ; arcctg ------- ,
x 3 4
sin (arctg x) = tg (arctg x)cos (arctg x) = -------------------
- . .
1 + x2
7
arcctg ------2- ; ) arcsin ------ ; arccos 24 24
------ ; arcctg ------ ;
4 25 25 7
2. ) 4 2
----------- . sin 2 arcsin 1 1 1
--- = 2 sin arcsin --- cos arcsin --- =
9 3 3 3
) arcsin 24 7 24
------ , arccos ------ , arctg ------ .
25 25 7
1
= 2 --- 1 1 4 2 7 4 2 3
--- = ----------- ; ) --- ; ) ----------- ; ) --- . sin (2 arctg 3) =
3 9 9 9 7 5 10. ) 0 m x m 1, 0 m y m 1, 0 m arcsin x m --- ,
3 1 3 3 2
= 2 sin (arctg 3)cos (arctg 3) = 2 ----------------
- ----------------- = --- ; ) --- .
1+9 1+9 5 4 0 m arcsin y m --- , 0 m arcsin x + arcsin y m , . .
2
3. ) 23
------ . sin 3 arcsin 1 1 1
--- = 3 sin arcsin --- 4 sin3 arcsin --- = arcsin x + arcsin y -
27 3 3 3
.
10 10 arcsin x + arcsin y = arccos z.
=3 1 1 23 11
--- 4 -----3- = ------ ; ) ------ . 4. ) ------------------------ . sin 1
--- arctg 3 =
3 3 27 16 20 2
1
1 -----------
cos (arcsin x + arcsin y) = cos (arccos z);
1 cos ( arctg 3 ) 10 10 10 26 + 26 2
= -------------------------------------------- = --------------------- = ------------------------ ; ) ------------------------ ; ) --- . z = 1 x 2 1 y 2 xy
2 2 20 52 3
. .
5. ) 1 2 3
--- ; ) ------- ; ) ----------- .
4 4 10 11. ) arccos 16 3 19
------ ; ) arccos --- ; ) arcctg ------ ;
65 5 9
6. ) arcsin x = arccos y, cos (arccos y) =
) arcsin 3 36 1 1
--- ; ) arcsin ---------- ; ) arctg ------ ; ) arctg ------ .
= cos (arcsin x), y = 1 x 2 , , arcsin x = 5 325 21 21
= arccos 1 x2 . . 12. ) arcsin x + arccos x = . --- m
2
7. ) arccos 4 3 4 5 5
--- , arctg --- , arcctg --- ; ) arcsin ------ , arctg ------ ,
5 4 3 13 12 m arcsin x m --- , 0 m arccos x m , --- m m 3
------- . ,
2 2 2
arcctg 12 5 12 12 4 3
------ ; ) arcsin ------ , arccos ------ , arcctg ------ ; ) arcsin --- , arccos --- ,
5 13 13 5 5 5 sin = sin (arcsin x + arccos x) = x x + 1 x 2 1 x 2 = 1,
arctg 4
--- . , = --- ;
3 2
282 283
, 0 < arcctg x < , sin (arcctg x) > 0,
8. ) arcsin (x) = ; --- m m --- ; x = sin ;
1 2 2
sin = --------------------------------
- .
1 + ctg 2 x = sin x = sin (). ,
, --- m m --- , , -
2 2
1 1
sin (arcctg x) = ----------------------------------------------------
- = -------------------- . arcsin x, . . = arcsin x. =
1 + ctg 2 ( arcctg x ) 1 + x2
= arcsin (x) = arcsin x;
, ) arccos (x) = ; 0 m m , x = cos . -
x = cos = cos ( ), 0 m m , . . -
1
cos (arctg x) = -------------------
-. arccos x. x =
1 + x2
= cos ( ) = arccos x, = arccos x.
,
9. ) arcsin 2 2 2
----------- ; arctg 2 2 ; arcctg ------- ,
x 3 4
sin (arctg x) = tg (arctg x)cos (arctg x) = -------------------
- . .
1 + x2
7
arcctg ------2- ; ) arcsin ------ ; arccos 24 24
------ ; arcctg ------ ;
4 25 25 7
2. ) 4 2
----------- . sin 2 arcsin 1 1 1
--- = 2 sin arcsin --- cos arcsin --- =
9 3 3 3
) arcsin 24 7 24
------ , arccos ------ , arctg ------ .
25 25 7
1
= 2 --- 1 1 4 2 7 4 2 3
--- = ----------- ; ) --- ; ) ----------- ; ) --- . sin (2 arctg 3) =
3 9 9 9 7 5 10. ) 0 m x m 1, 0 m y m 1, 0 m arcsin x m --- ,
3 1 3 3 2
= 2 sin (arctg 3)cos (arctg 3) = 2 ----------------
- ----------------- = --- ; ) --- .
1+9 1+9 5 4 0 m arcsin y m --- , 0 m arcsin x + arcsin y m , . .
2
3. ) 23
------ . sin 3 arcsin 1 1 1
--- = 3 sin arcsin --- 4 sin3 arcsin --- = arcsin x + arcsin y -
27 3 3 3
.
10 10 arcsin x + arcsin y = arccos z.
=3 1 1 23 11
--- 4 -----3- = ------ ; ) ------ . 4. ) ------------------------ . sin 1
--- arctg 3 =
3 3 27 16 20 2
1
1 -----------
cos (arcsin x + arcsin y) = cos (arccos z);
1 cos ( arctg 3 ) 10 10 10 26 + 26 2
= -------------------------------------------- = --------------------- = ------------------------ ; ) ------------------------ ; ) --- . z = 1 x 2 1 y 2 xy
2 2 20 52 3
. .
5. ) 1 2 3
--- ; ) ------- ; ) ----------- .
4 4 10 11. ) arccos 16 3 19
------ ; ) arccos --- ; ) arcctg ------ ;
65 5 9
6. ) arcsin x = arccos y, cos (arccos y) =
) arcsin 3 36 1 1
--- ; ) arcsin ---------- ; ) arctg ------ ; ) arctg ------ .
= cos (arcsin x), y = 1 x 2 , , arcsin x = 5 325 21 21
= arccos 1 x2 . . 12. ) arcsin x + arccos x = . --- m
2
7. ) arccos 4 3 4 5 5
--- , arctg --- , arcctg --- ; ) arcsin ------ , arctg ------ ,
5 4 3 13 12 m arcsin x m --- , 0 m arccos x m , --- m m 3
------- . ,
2 2 2
arcctg 12 5 12 12 4 3
------ ; ) arcsin ------ , arccos ------ , arcctg ------ ; ) arcsin --- , arccos --- ,
5 13 13 5 5 5 sin = sin (arcsin x + arccos x) = x x + 1 x 2 1 x 2 = 1,
arctg 4
--- . , = --- ;
3 2
282 283
20. ).
) arctg x + arcctg x = . --- < arctg x < --- , y
2 2
2
0 < arcctg x < , --- < < 3
------- . , sin = sin (arctg x + O
2 2 2 x
2
x2 1 , arcsin (sin x) = x,
- + ---------------2- = 1, , = --- .
+ arcctg x) = ---------------
1 + x2 1+x 2
--- m x m --- arcsin (sin x) = x, --- m x m 3
------- .
7 3 3 2 2 2 2
13. ) 1; ) 1. 14. max f(x) = f(1) = ---------- ; min f(x) = f 1
--- = ------ .
[ 1 ;1 ] 8 [ 1 ;1 ] 2 32 x , ,
15. ) - sin x -
arcsin (sin x) 2.
, arcsin (sin ) = , --- m m --- . 2n --- m x m
2 2 2 20. ). 20. ).
m 2n + --- ; arcsin (sin x) = arcsin (sin (x 2n)) = x 2n, y y
2
2
--- m x 2n m --- .
2
2 2 O x
O 2 x
2n + --- m x m 2n + 3
------- ; 20. ). 20. ).
y
2 2 y
arcsin (sin x) = arcsin (sin ( x)), arcsin (sin ( x + 2n)) = 2
1
= x + 2n, --- m x + 2n m --- . O x x
2 2 O 1
2
16. ) 3 11
------- ; ) ---------- . -
7 18 20. ). 21. ).
y y
, arccos (cos x) = x, 0 m x m .
2
, sin --- O
9
2 1 x
, 0 : 1 4
O 1 x
sin --- = cos --- + --- = cos 11
---------- .
9 2 9 18 21. ). 21. ).
y y
3
arccos sin --- = arccos cos 11 11
---------- = ---------- ; ) --- . 4
9 18 18 5 2
2
17. ) 3; 3 ; 3; --- 3; 3 --- ; ) 4; 2 4; 4 ; 4 ; 4
2 2 O 1 x O 1 2 x
3 7 21. ).
4 ------
- ; 4 --- ; ) 3 10; 4 10; 10 3; 10 3; 10 ------- ; y
2 2 2
1
10 5 3 29
------- . 18. ctg ------- , ctg ----------- , ctg 2n --- (n = 1, 2, 3, 4). 19. ) --- ;
2 3 3 3 4 2
) ; ) --- ; ) --- .
4
4 2 O 1 x
284 285
20. ).
) arctg x + arcctg x = . --- < arctg x < --- , y
2 2
2
0 < arcctg x < , --- < < 3
------- . , sin = sin (arctg x + O
2 2 2 x
2
x2 1 , arcsin (sin x) = x,
- + ---------------2- = 1, , = --- .
+ arcctg x) = ---------------
1 + x2 1+x 2
--- m x m --- arcsin (sin x) = x, --- m x m 3
------- .
7 3 3 2 2 2 2
13. ) 1; ) 1. 14. max f(x) = f(1) = ---------- ; min f(x) = f 1
--- = ------ .
[ 1 ;1 ] 8 [ 1 ;1 ] 2 32 x , ,
15. ) - sin x -
arcsin (sin x) 2.
, arcsin (sin ) = , --- m m --- . 2n --- m x m
2 2 2 20. ). 20. ).
m 2n + --- ; arcsin (sin x) = arcsin (sin (x 2n)) = x 2n, y y
2
2
--- m x 2n m --- .
2
2 2 O x
O 2 x
2n + --- m x m 2n + 3
------- ; 20. ). 20. ).
y
2 2 y
arcsin (sin x) = arcsin (sin ( x)), arcsin (sin ( x + 2n)) = 2
1
= x + 2n, --- m x + 2n m --- . O x x
2 2 O 1
2
16. ) 3 11
------- ; ) ---------- . -
7 18 20. ). 21. ).
y y
, arccos (cos x) = x, 0 m x m .
2
, sin --- O
9
2 1 x
, 0 : 1 4
O 1 x
sin --- = cos --- + --- = cos 11
---------- .
9 2 9 18 21. ). 21. ).
y y
3
arccos sin --- = arccos cos 11 11
---------- = ---------- ; ) --- . 4
9 18 18 5 2
2
17. ) 3; 3 ; 3; --- 3; 3 --- ; ) 4; 2 4; 4 ; 4 ; 4
2 2 O 1 x O 1 2 x
3 7 21. ).
4 ------
- ; 4 --- ; ) 3 10; 4 10; 10 3; 10 3; 10 ------- ; y
2 2 2
1
10 5 3 29
------- . 18. ctg ------- , ctg ----------- , ctg 2n --- (n = 1, 2, 3, 4). 19. ) --- ;
2 3 3 3 4 2
) ; ) --- ; ) --- .
4
4 2 O 1 x
284 285
y = 2x x2, 25. ) f(x) = sin x.
y = arcctg (2x x2). 1
g(x) = --------------------- ( g(x) = arcsin x)
f ( g ( x ) )
21. ). 21. ). 1 1 1
y y (arcsin x) = ------------------------------
- = ------------------------------------ = -------------------- ;
f ( arcsinx ) cos ( arcsinx ) 1 x2
2 2 ) . ); )
f(x) = tg x, g(x) = arctg x,
4 4 O
O 1 2 x 4 1 2 x 1 1 1
- = cos2 (arctg x) = -------------------------------------------
(arctg x) = ---------------------------- = ---------------
-;
f ( arctg x ) 2 tg ( arctg x ) + 1 2 1+x
2
22. ) 22. ). 22. ). ) . ).
y y y 1 1 1 2
26. ) -----------------------
- ; ) ----------------------------------- ; ) -------------------- ------------------------ ;
2 2x x 2 1 ( x + 2 )2 4 x2 1 4x 2
2
x x + arccosx 1 x 2
O 1 2 3 x ) arcsin x + -------------------
- ; ) ---------------------------------------------------- ;
2
1 x2 x2 1 x2
2
2 1 O 1 2 x 1 O 1 x 2x 2 x ln2 cos x
- . 27. ) ---------------4- ; ) ----------------x- ; ) ---------------- ;
) -----------------------------------------------------
22. ). 23. ). 23. ). 2 ( arccosx ) 2 1 x 2 1+x 1+4 cos x
1
y y y ) ------------
- 2x ( 1 x ) . 28. ) 4; ) 3 2 ; ) 1,5; ) 0,8. 29. ) y =
1+x
1 O 1 x 2
x
= 15x 3 3 1
----------- --- + arcsin --- ; ) y = --- + --- --- . 30. ) {0}; ) {0}. -
O 2 4 4 5 4 2 4
2 1 x x R,
2 x
O 3 x0, -
x
y(x0) = 0. , y(x) = arctg x + ---------------
-.
2 1+x
23. ). 23. ). x
arctg x + ---------------
- = 0 x = 0
y 1 + x2
y
2
( (x) = y(x) , -
x > 0). 31. max y = y(0) = --- ; min y =
2
O
1 1 x 2 O 2 x [ 0 ;1 ] 4 [ 0 ;1 ]
4 = y(1) = 0.
24. ) 24. )
y y
1 1 4.
1 O 1 x
1 O 1 x 1. ) {(1)n + 1 --- + n | n Z}; ) --- + n | n Z ;
6 8
286 287
y = 2x x2, 25. ) f(x) = sin x.
y = arcctg (2x x2). 1
g(x) = --------------------- ( g(x) = arcsin x)
f ( g ( x ) )
21. ). 21. ). 1 1 1
y y (arcsin x) = ------------------------------
- = ------------------------------------ = -------------------- ;
f ( arcsinx ) cos ( arcsinx ) 1 x2
2 2 ) . ); )
f(x) = tg x, g(x) = arctg x,
4 4 O
O 1 2 x 4 1 2 x 1 1 1
- = cos2 (arctg x) = -------------------------------------------
(arctg x) = ---------------------------- = ---------------
-;
f ( arctg x ) 2 tg ( arctg x ) + 1 2 1+x
2
22. ) 22. ). 22. ). ) . ).
y y y 1 1 1 2
26. ) -----------------------
- ; ) ----------------------------------- ; ) -------------------- ------------------------ ;
2 2x x 2 1 ( x + 2 )2 4 x2 1 4x 2
2
x x + arccosx 1 x 2
O 1 2 3 x ) arcsin x + -------------------
- ; ) ---------------------------------------------------- ;
2
1 x2 x2 1 x2
2
2 1 O 1 2 x 1 O 1 x 2x 2 x ln2 cos x
- . 27. ) ---------------4- ; ) ----------------x- ; ) ---------------- ;
) -----------------------------------------------------
22. ). 23. ). 23. ). 2 ( arccosx ) 2 1 x 2 1+x 1+4 cos x
1
y y y ) ------------
- 2x ( 1 x ) . 28. ) 4; ) 3 2 ; ) 1,5; ) 0,8. 29. ) y =
1+x
1 O 1 x 2
x
= 15x 3 3 1
----------- --- + arcsin --- ; ) y = --- + --- --- . 30. ) {0}; ) {0}. -
O 2 4 4 5 4 2 4
2 1 x x R,
2 x
O 3 x0, -
x
y(x0) = 0. , y(x) = arctg x + ---------------
-.
2 1+x
23. ). 23. ). x
arctg x + ---------------
- = 0 x = 0
y 1 + x2
y
2
( (x) = y(x) , -
x > 0). 31. max y = y(0) = --- ; min y =
2
O
1 1 x 2 O 2 x [ 0 ;1 ] 4 [ 0 ;1 ]
4 = y(1) = 0.
24. ) 24. )
y y
1 1 4.
1 O 1 x
1 O 1 x 1. ) {(1)n + 1 --- + n | n Z}; ) --- + n | n Z ;
6 8
286 287
n Z .
) n 2 1
------- | n Z ; ) ------- + (1)n 2 arcsin --- + 2n | n Z ; ) n ------
2 3 4 12
2 tg --- x .
) --- + 2n | n N ; 4
2
n 1
7. ) n + --- n Z ; ) ------- + --- arcctg 2 --- n Z ;
4 2 2 6
2. ) --- + n | n Z ; ) 7 2
------- + --- n | n Z ;
2 18 3
) 2n + 3
------- + 6 n Z ; ) {n + arcctg ( 7 2 ) | n Z}.
2
arccos + 2n | n Z .
) 2
------- + 2n | n Z ; ) --- ---
3 6 4
8. ) n; 2n 3
------- n Z ; ) 2n --- ; 2n + --- n Z ;
4 6
cos x + ---- ; 2
6
n Z ; ) n
) { 2n | n Z0}; ) n
------- + (1)n ------
2n 1 1
------- ; ----------- --- arccos -------- | n Z ;
2 12 3 3 3 3
2
3. n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z. ,
) n + --- ; 2n --- n Z . 9. ) n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z ;
4 4
3 6
sin x 13 + ------2- = 12k 1 k = 1, -
2 ) 2n --- n Z ; ) n + (1)narcsin 2
--- n Z ;
3 3
sin x 13 + ------2- = 12k + 1 k Z.
2
) 2n 2
------- n Z ; ) {(5n + 2) + --- ; 5n | n Z};
3 2
4. 1; 7
--- . a 1, 5 m 1.
----------------------
-
3 2 0, 5a
) n; 2n + --- n Z . 10. ) n + --- ; n + arctg 3 n Z ;
6 4
2
5. ) 2n arccos --- n Z;
3
) n arctg 1
--- ; n + arctg 2 n Z ; ) n + --- ; n + --- n Z ;
2 6 3
) n ( 1 )n a
------- + -------------- arcsin --- n Z a [ 2; 2].
2 2 2
, a [ 2; 2]. ) n + 3
------- ; n + arcctg 2 n Z . 11. ) n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z ;
4 4
6. ) n + --- n Z ; ) 2n 3
------- n Z ;
6 14 ) {n + (1)n | n Z}; ) 2n + arctg 1
--- n Z . -
2
, -
) n 1
------- + --- arctg 5 n Z .
2 2
2tg x 3 sin x
tg 2x = ---------------------
-; - = 1 3tg x = 2(1 tg2x).
log2 ---------------------------------------------------------------
1 tg x2 cos x ( 1 tg x ) ( 1 + tg x )
288 289
n Z .
) n 2 1
------- | n Z ; ) ------- + (1)n 2 arcsin --- + 2n | n Z ; ) n ------
2 3 4 12
2 tg --- x .
) --- + 2n | n N ; 4
2
n 1
7. ) n + --- n Z ; ) ------- + --- arcctg 2 --- n Z ;
4 2 2 6
2. ) --- + n | n Z ; ) 7 2
------- + --- n | n Z ;
2 18 3
) 2n + 3
------- + 6 n Z ; ) {n + arcctg ( 7 2 ) | n Z}.
2
arccos + 2n | n Z .
) 2
------- + 2n | n Z ; ) --- ---
3 6 4
8. ) n; 2n 3
------- n Z ; ) 2n --- ; 2n + --- n Z ;
4 6
cos x + ---- ; 2
6
n Z ; ) n
) { 2n | n Z0}; ) n
------- + (1)n ------
2n 1 1
------- ; ----------- --- arccos -------- | n Z ;
2 12 3 3 3 3
2
3. n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z. ,
) n + --- ; 2n --- n Z . 9. ) n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z ;
4 4
3 6
sin x 13 + ------2- = 12k 1 k = 1, -
2 ) 2n --- n Z ; ) n + (1)narcsin 2
--- n Z ;
3 3
sin x 13 + ------2- = 12k + 1 k Z.
2
) 2n 2
------- n Z ; ) {(5n + 2) + --- ; 5n | n Z};
3 2
4. 1; 7
--- . a 1, 5 m 1.
----------------------
-
3 2 0, 5a
) n; 2n + --- n Z . 10. ) n + --- ; n + arctg 3 n Z ;
6 4
2
5. ) 2n arccos --- n Z;
3
) n arctg 1
--- ; n + arctg 2 n Z ; ) n + --- ; n + --- n Z ;
2 6 3
) n ( 1 )n a
------- + -------------- arcsin --- n Z a [ 2; 2].
2 2 2
, a [ 2; 2]. ) n + 3
------- ; n + arcctg 2 n Z . 11. ) n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z ;
4 4
6. ) n + --- n Z ; ) 2n 3
------- n Z ;
6 14 ) {n + (1)n | n Z}; ) 2n + arctg 1
--- n Z . -
2
, -
) n 1
------- + --- arctg 5 n Z .
2 2
2tg x 3 sin x
tg 2x = ---------------------
-; - = 1 3tg x = 2(1 tg2x).
log2 ---------------------------------------------------------------
1 tg x2 cos x ( 1 tg x ) ( 1 + tg x )
288 289
tg x, (tg x)1 = f(x) = 2 cos x |2x 3| + e3 2. ,
= 2 (tg x)2 = 1
--- . - , x = 3
--- , . .
2 2
, , - . f(x) = 2 cos x + 2x + e3 5
.
x< 3 3
--- , f(x) = 2 cos x 2x + e3 + 1 x > --- . -
x, 2 2
sin x > 0, , -
( );
cos x > 0,
1 tg x > 0, ) --- + 1 1
--- --- + 2m | m = 1, 0, 1, 2, ...; 2; --- --- + 2n n =
1 + tg x > 0. 2 6 2 6 2
tg x = 2
1 + tg x > 0 , . - = 3, 4, 5 ... ; ) --- (2n + 1) | n Z;
2
tg x = 1 1
--- x = k + arctg --- , k Z.
2 2
) 2n 3
------- n Z .
sin x > 0 cos x > 0, - 4
, k = 2n, n Z. (; +). -
n
12. ) n ( 1 )n
------- + --- n Z ; ) ------- + -------------- arcsin 2(2 3 ) | n Z ; , 2cos2x + ( 2
2 8 2 2
2 5 )cos x 10 = 0. , cos x = 5 (-
) n ( 1 )n
------- + -------------- arcsin (1 3 2a ) | n Z}, a - 3 1
--- ; --- ; ) cos x = ------2- x = 2n 3
------- ;
2 2 2 2 2 4
n n Z ;
a - 3 1
--- ; --- ; ) ------- + (1)n + 1 ------ n Z; ) (1)n + 1 --- + n | n Z .
2 2 2 12 4
15. ) {(2 + 1) | n Z}. , 2 cos2 x
--- = 1 + cos x,
) n 2n 1 1
------- ; ----------- --- arccos --- n Z . 2
5 5 5 4 cos3 x + cos2 x 2(cos x + 1) = 0,
33 3 (cos x + 1)(cos2x 2) = 0. , -
13. ) n + (1)n arcsin -------------------- n Z ; : 1 + cos x = 0, x = 2n + , n Z,
4
cos2x 2 = 0, ;
n
) n
------- + (1)n ------ 6
--- n Z ; ) ------- + --- n Z . -
5 20 5 2 4 ) n + --- ; 2n --- ; 2n arccos --2- n Z ;
2 3 3
2 sin2 x = 1 cos 2x;
) 2n arccos 1 1 + 4a 2 ) n --- ; n --- n Z .
----------------------------------- n Z a 0, n + --- n Z 4 3
2a 2 2
a = 0. 1
--------------- 1 = tg2x (tg x + 1)
cos 2 x
14. ) --- + 2n | n N; 3
--- ; --- + 2m | m N .
2 2 2 1 5
(tg2x 3) = 0; ) 2n; 2n 2
------- ; 2n arccos - ---------------------- n Z .
3 4
-
290 291
tg x, (tg x)1 = f(x) = 2 cos x |2x 3| + e3 2. ,
= 2 (tg x)2 = 1
--- . - , x = 3
--- , . .
2 2
, , - . f(x) = 2 cos x + 2x + e3 5
.
x< 3 3
--- , f(x) = 2 cos x 2x + e3 + 1 x > --- . -
x, 2 2
sin x > 0, , -
( );
cos x > 0,
1 tg x > 0, ) --- + 1 1
--- --- + 2m | m = 1, 0, 1, 2, ...; 2; --- --- + 2n n =
1 + tg x > 0. 2 6 2 6 2
tg x = 2
1 + tg x > 0 , . - = 3, 4, 5 ... ; ) --- (2n + 1) | n Z;
2
tg x = 1 1
--- x = k + arctg --- , k Z.
2 2
) 2n 3
------- n Z .
sin x > 0 cos x > 0, - 4
, k = 2n, n Z. (; +). -
n
12. ) n ( 1 )n
------- + --- n Z ; ) ------- + -------------- arcsin 2(2 3 ) | n Z ; , 2cos2x + ( 2
2 8 2 2
2 5 )cos x 10 = 0. , cos x = 5 (-
) n ( 1 )n
------- + -------------- arcsin (1 3 2a ) | n Z}, a - 3 1
--- ; --- ; ) cos x = ------2- x = 2n 3
------- ;
2 2 2 2 2 4
n n Z ;
a - 3 1
--- ; --- ; ) ------- + (1)n + 1 ------ n Z; ) (1)n + 1 --- + n | n Z .
2 2 2 12 4
15. ) {(2 + 1) | n Z}. , 2 cos2 x
--- = 1 + cos x,
) n 2n 1 1
------- ; ----------- --- arccos --- n Z . 2
5 5 5 4 cos3 x + cos2 x 2(cos x + 1) = 0,
33 3 (cos x + 1)(cos2x 2) = 0. , -
13. ) n + (1)n arcsin -------------------- n Z ; : 1 + cos x = 0, x = 2n + , n Z,
4
cos2x 2 = 0, ;
n
) n
------- + (1)n ------ 6
--- n Z ; ) ------- + --- n Z . -
5 20 5 2 4 ) n + --- ; 2n --- ; 2n arccos --2- n Z ;
2 3 3
2 sin2 x = 1 cos 2x;
) 2n arccos 1 1 + 4a 2 ) n --- ; n --- n Z .
----------------------------------- n Z a 0, n + --- n Z 4 3
2a 2 2
a = 0. 1
--------------- 1 = tg2x (tg x + 1)
cos 2 x
14. ) --- + 2n | n N; 3
--- ; --- + 2m | m N .
2 2 2 1 5
(tg2x 3) = 0; ) 2n; 2n 2
------- ; 2n arccos - ---------------------- n Z .
3 4
-
290 291
16. ) {n + arctg 5 | n Z}.
x : - ) n --- ; n + arctg 5 | n Z . 19. ) {n arctg 3 4 | n Z};
4
sin x
cos x, ------------
- = 5, tg x = 5, -
cos x
. ) n --- ; n --- n Z .
4 3
x = n + arctg 5 | n Z;
: 3 sin x (cos x sin x) + 3 = 3sin x cos x 3 sin2 x +
) n + --- n Z ; ) n --- n Z ; + 3(sin2 x + cos2 x) = 3 cos x(sin x + cos x). -
4 4
sin2x(1 + tg x) = 3 cos2 x(1 + tg x), (1 + tg x)(tg2 x
3) = 0,
) 2n --- ; 2n + --- n Z ; ) n + --- ; n + arctg 1
--- n Z .
4 2 2 4 tg x = 1, tg x = 3 tg x = 3;
17. ) n + --- ; 2n 2
) n
------- n Z .
------- n Z ; ) n + arctg 2 | n Z ; 2
4 3
1 = (sin2 x + cos2 x)2 = sin4 x + 2sin2 x cos2 x + cos4 x;
) 2n; n + --- n Z ; ) n --- ; | n Z ; 1
4 4 ) n 1 1 + 16a 2
------- n Z a = 0; n + arctg ------- ; n + arctg --------------------------------------
2 2a 4a
) n + --- n Z .
4 n Z a 0.
(cos x sin x)2 + cos2x sin2x.
18. ) n --- ; n arctg 2 | n Z . sin x cos x
4 20. ) n 1
------- --- arctg 5
--- n Z ; ) {n + arctg (6 3 ) | n Z};
2 2 3
x ,
cos2x.
) n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z ; ) n arctg 1
--- n Z ;
tg2 x + 3 tg x + 2 = 0, (1) 6 2
. (1)
tg x = 1, tg x = 2, ) n --- n Z . 21. ) 2n; 2n + --- n Z ;
; 6 3
) n + --- ; n arctg 1
--- n Z ; 2n 2n
4 4 ) 2n + ------ , 2n + 7 2
------- n Z ; ) ----------- --- ; ----------- + -------
12 12 5 5 5 15
) n + arctg 2; n arctg 3
--- n Z ;
5 n Z ;
) n + arctg 2; n arctg 3
--- n Z .
4
) 2n; 2n + --- n Z ; ) 2n + 5
------- n Z .
2 3
2(sin2x + cos2x);
292 293
16. ) {n + arctg 5 | n Z}.
x : - ) n --- ; n + arctg 5 | n Z . 19. ) {n arctg 3 4 | n Z};
4
sin x
cos x, ------------
- = 5, tg x = 5, -
cos x
. ) n --- ; n --- n Z .
4 3
x = n + arctg 5 | n Z;
: 3 sin x (cos x sin x) + 3 = 3sin x cos x 3 sin2 x +
) n + --- n Z ; ) n --- n Z ; + 3(sin2 x + cos2 x) = 3 cos x(sin x + cos x). -
4 4
sin2x(1 + tg x) = 3 cos2 x(1 + tg x), (1 + tg x)(tg2 x
3) = 0,
) 2n --- ; 2n + --- n Z ; ) n + --- ; n + arctg 1
--- n Z .
4 2 2 4 tg x = 1, tg x = 3 tg x = 3;
17. ) n + --- ; 2n 2
) n
------- n Z .
------- n Z ; ) n + arctg 2 | n Z ; 2
4 3
1 = (sin2 x + cos2 x)2 = sin4 x + 2sin2 x cos2 x + cos4 x;
) 2n; n + --- n Z ; ) n --- ; | n Z ; 1
4 4 ) n 1 1 + 16a 2
------- n Z a = 0; n + arctg ------- ; n + arctg --------------------------------------
2 2a 4a
) n + --- n Z .
4 n Z a 0.
(cos x sin x)2 + cos2x sin2x.
18. ) n --- ; n arctg 2 | n Z . sin x cos x
4 20. ) n 1
------- --- arctg 5
--- n Z ; ) {n + arctg (6 3 ) | n Z};
2 2 3
x ,
cos2x.
) n + (1)n + 1 --- n Z ; ) n arctg 1
--- n Z ;
tg2 x + 3 tg x + 2 = 0, (1) 6 2
. (1)
tg x = 1, tg x = 2, ) n --- n Z . 21. ) 2n; 2n + --- n Z ;
; 6 3
) n + --- ; n arctg 1
--- n Z ; 2n 2n
4 4 ) 2n + ------ , 2n + 7 2
------- n Z ; ) ----------- --- ; ----------- + -------
12 12 5 5 5 15
) n + arctg 2; n arctg 3
--- n Z ;
5 n Z ;
) n + arctg 2; n arctg 3
--- n Z .
4
) 2n; 2n + --- n Z ; ) 2n + 5
------- n Z .
2 3
2(sin2x + cos2x);
292 293
22. ) ------ ; ------ (2n + 1); --- (1 2n) | n N ; ) n --- ; --- + n | n Z ; ) {2n 2arctg 5 | n Z};
12 12 8 6 2
a
- --- n Z a [ 2 ;
) 2n arccos ------ 2 ]; ) 2n 2arctg 3; 2n 2 arctg ------3- n Z; ) n --- n Z .
2 4 11 4
a [ 2 ; 2 ]; ) n + 7
------- n Z ; 25. . n --- ;
12 4
) n
------- n Z, n = 4k + 2 | k Z . n + --- n Z n --- n Z , -
4 2 4
.
n Z, n = 1 + 3m | m Z ;
23. ) n
------- ------
3 12
tg --- 1 tg 2 ---
2 2
) ; ) {n | n Z}. . sin = 2 ----------------------
- cos = -----------------------
1 + tg 2 --- 1 + tg 2 ---
2 2
2(tg 3x tg 2x) = tg 2x (1 + tg 3x tg 2x). (1) , cos 1.
x, 1 + tg 3x tg 2x = 0. -
cos x 26. ) n + --- ; n --- n Z . cos 3x = 4 cos3x
----------------------------------
- = 0. 2
3
cos 2x cos 3x
, cos x = 0, 3 cos x, cos x
cos 3x = 0. , (1)
(4 cos2x 1) = 0, cos x cos 2x + 1
--- = 0,
tg 3x tg 2x 2
1 + tg 3x tg 2x 0; 2 ----------------------------------------
- = tg 2x, 2tg x =
1 + tg 3x tg 2x
;
2 tg x
- , tg x = 0.
= ---------------------
1 tg x ) n 2n
2
------- + --- ; ----------- 2
------- n Z . -
tg x = 0, x = n, n Z, 3 6 3 9
x k k
------- + --- x ------- + --- k Z, cos (3 3x) 4 cos2 3x = 0 cos 3x = t;
2 4 3 6
n Z .
, x = n, n Z - ) n; n
------- ------
2 12
; ) {90n + 25 | n Z}.
2cos (2 2x) = 1 + cos (3 2x) cos 2x = t.
24. ) {2n | n Z}. sin x =
x
tg ---
2
= 2 ----------------------- ; 27. ) {3n | n Z}. sin x = 3 sin x
---
x 3
1 + tg 2 ---
2
4 sin3 x
--- ;
x 3
1 tg 2 ---
2
) 2n --- n Z . cos x = ----------------------
-; n Z ; ) 2n; 4n 2
2 x ) n n
------- ; ------- + (1)n + 1 ------ ------- n Z ;
1 + tg 2 --- 2 2 12 3
2
294 295
22. ) ------ ; ------ (2n + 1); --- (1 2n) | n N ; ) n --- ; --- + n | n Z ; ) {2n 2arctg 5 | n Z};
12 12 8 6 2
a
- --- n Z a [ 2 ;
) 2n arccos ------ 2 ]; ) 2n 2arctg 3; 2n 2 arctg ------3- n Z; ) n --- n Z .
2 4 11 4
a [ 2 ; 2 ]; ) n + 7
------- n Z ; 25. . n --- ;
12 4
) n
------- n Z, n = 4k + 2 | k Z . n + --- n Z n --- n Z , -
4 2 4
.
n Z, n = 1 + 3m | m Z ;
23. ) n
------- ------
3 12
tg --- 1 tg 2 ---
2 2
) ; ) {n | n Z}. . sin = 2 ----------------------
- cos = -----------------------
1 + tg 2 --- 1 + tg 2 ---
2 2
2(tg 3x tg 2x) = tg 2x (1 + tg 3x tg 2x). (1) , cos 1.
x, 1 + tg 3x tg 2x = 0. -
cos x 26. ) n + --- ; n --- n Z . cos 3x = 4 cos3x
----------------------------------
- = 0. 2
3
cos 2x cos 3x
, cos x = 0, 3 cos x, cos x
cos 3x = 0. , (1)
(4 cos2x 1) = 0, cos x cos 2x + 1
--- = 0,
tg 3x tg 2x 2
1 + tg 3x tg 2x 0; 2 ----------------------------------------
- = tg 2x, 2tg x =
1 + tg 3x tg 2x
;
2 tg x
- , tg x = 0.
= ---------------------
1 tg x ) n 2n
2
------- + --- ; ----------- 2
------- n Z . -
tg x = 0, x = n, n Z, 3 6 3 9
x k k
------- + --- x ------- + --- k Z, cos (3 3x) 4 cos2 3x = 0 cos 3x = t;
2 4 3 6
n Z .
, x = n, n Z - ) n; n
------- ------
2 12
; ) {90n + 25 | n Z}.
2cos (2 2x) = 1 + cos (3 2x) cos 2x = t.
24. ) {2n | n Z}. sin x =
x
tg ---
2
= 2 ----------------------- ; 27. ) {3n | n Z}. sin x = 3 sin x
---
x 3
1 + tg 2 ---
2
4 sin3 x
--- ;
x 3
1 tg 2 ---
2
) 2n --- n Z . cos x = ----------------------
-; n Z ; ) 2n; 4n 2
2 x ) n n
------- ; ------- + (1)n + 1 ------ ------- n Z ;
1 + tg 2 --- 2 2 12 3
2
294 295
1 m t1 < 0 1 m t2 m 1, , t1
) n + (1)n --- ; 2n + --- n Z .
6
2 , a - 5
--- ; 1 , t2 ,
4
x x x
sin 3 3 3x
------- + ---- = sin - ------- ---- = sin --- ---- sin --- + ------- = x
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 a - 5
--- ; 5 . , cos --- = t1 -
4 2
= sin - --- 3x x x
-------- = sin 3 --- ----- --- --- = y.
4 2 4 2 2 4 x = 4n 2 arccos -----------------------------------
1 4a + 5
, n Z, a - 5
--- ; 1 ,
4 4
28. n --- n Z . cos x 4a + 5 1 ,
--- = t2 x = 4n 2arccos ------------------------------
4 -
2 4
29. ) {2n | n Z} a ; 5
---- c (5; +), n Z, a - 5 5
--- ; 5 . , - --- ; 1 -
4 4 4
(2) , ;
1 4a + 5
2n; 4n 2 arccos -------------------------------- n Z a 5
--- ; 1 ,
4 4
) {n | n Z} a 0; 1 1
--- , n; n --- arccos 1 a
------------- n Z
3 2 2a
4a + 5 1
2n; 4n 2 arccos ------------------------------- n Z a [1; 5]. -
4
1a 1+a
a -1 1 1
--- ; 1 , n; n --- arccos ------------- ; n --- arccos -------------
sin 3x
------- , - 3
2 2a 2 2a
2
sin x x x
--- 2cos --- + 3 4 sin2 --- a- = 0 n Z a (1; +).
2 2 2
sin x x x
--- 4 cos2 --- + 2 cos --- 1 a- = 0. (1)
2 2 2
c
- + arctg --b- n Z c2 m a2 + b2,
30. 2n arccos ---------------------
, a2 + b2 a
sin x
--- = 0, c2 > a2 + b2. a2 + b2 0, ,
2
a 2 + b 2 ,
4 cos2 x x
--- + 2 cos --- 1 a = 0.
2 2
a b c
---------------------- cos x + ---------------------- sin x = ---------------------- , (1)
sin x
--- = 0 x = 2n | n Z - a2 + b2 a2 + b2 a2 + b2
2
a R. cos x
--- = t,
2 a b
. ---------------------
- ----------------------
t: a2 + b2 a2 + b2
4t2 + 2t 1 a = 0, (2)
a
--------------------- 2 b 2 a
(2) - - + ---------------------- = 1. ---------------------- =
2 2
a R, t [1; 1]. - a + b2 a + b2 a2 + b2
b
(2): t1 = -----------------------------------
1 4a + 5
; t2 = -----------------------------------
1 + 4a + 5
. - = cos ---------------------
- = sin .
4 4 a2 + b2
296 297
1 m t1 < 0 1 m t2 m 1, , t1
) n + (1)n --- ; 2n + --- n Z .
6
2 , a - 5
--- ; 1 , t2 ,
4
x x x
sin 3 3 3x
------- + ---- = sin - ------- ---- = sin --- ---- sin --- + ------- = x
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 a - 5
--- ; 5 . , cos --- = t1 -
4 2
= sin - --- 3x x x
-------- = sin 3 --- ----- --- --- = y.
4 2 4 2 2 4 x = 4n 2 arccos -----------------------------------
1 4a + 5
, n Z, a - 5
--- ; 1 ,
4 4
28. n --- n Z . cos x 4a + 5 1 ,
--- = t2 x = 4n 2arccos ------------------------------
4 -
2 4
29. ) {2n | n Z} a ; 5
---- c (5; +), n Z, a - 5 5
--- ; 5 . , - --- ; 1 -
4 4 4
(2) , ;
1 4a + 5
2n; 4n 2 arccos -------------------------------- n Z a 5
--- ; 1 ,
4 4
) {n | n Z} a 0; 1 1
--- , n; n --- arccos 1 a
------------- n Z
3 2 2a
4a + 5 1
2n; 4n 2 arccos ------------------------------- n Z a [1; 5]. -
4
1a 1+a
a -1 1 1
--- ; 1 , n; n --- arccos ------------- ; n --- arccos -------------
sin 3x
------- , - 3
2 2a 2 2a
2
sin x x x
--- 2cos --- + 3 4 sin2 --- a- = 0 n Z a (1; +).
2 2 2
sin x x x
--- 4 cos2 --- + 2 cos --- 1 a- = 0. (1)
2 2 2
c
- + arctg --b- n Z c2 m a2 + b2,
30. 2n arccos ---------------------
, a2 + b2 a
sin x
--- = 0, c2 > a2 + b2. a2 + b2 0, ,
2
a 2 + b 2 ,
4 cos2 x x
--- + 2 cos --- 1 a = 0.
2 2
a b c
---------------------- cos x + ---------------------- sin x = ---------------------- , (1)
sin x
--- = 0 x = 2n | n Z - a2 + b2 a2 + b2 a2 + b2
2
a R. cos x
--- = t,
2 a b
. ---------------------
- ----------------------
t: a2 + b2 a2 + b2
4t2 + 2t 1 a = 0, (2)
a
--------------------- 2 b 2 a
(2) - - + ---------------------- = 1. ---------------------- =
2 2
a R, t [1; 1]. - a + b2 a + b2 a2 + b2
b
(2): t1 = -----------------------------------
1 4a + 5
; t2 = -----------------------------------
1 + 4a + 5
. - = cos ---------------------
- = sin .
4 4 a2 + b2
296 297
(1)
a
) n 1 1
--- arccos ----------- + --- arctg 1
--- n Z a [ 10 ; 10 ],
c 2 2 3
cos x cos + sin x sin = cos (x ) = ---------------------
-. (2) 10
a2 + b2
a (; 10 ) c ( 10 ; +).
c 3 1
- m 1, c m a +
(2) , --------------------- 2 2
12 + 32 = - = cos ; ----------- = sin ,
10 ----------
a2 + b2 10 10
+ b2, a
cos 2x cos + sin 2x sin = cos (2x ) = ---------- 1
- , = arctg --- .
10 3
c
x = 2k arccos ---------------------
- , k Z. (3)
a a m 1,
a2 + b2 cos (2x ) = ----------
- , ----------
-
10 10
a
10 m a m 10 . , 2x arctg 1
--- = 2n arccos ----------- ,
3 10
a b
cos = ---------------------
-, sin = ---------------------
-; n Z, | a | m 10 . ;
a2 + b2 a2 + b2
) n 1 2a + 17 1 4
------- ------ arccos -------------------- + ------ arctg ------ n Z
, = 2m + arctg --b- m Z. ( , 6
12 12 137 11
a
a > 0; a = 0, - 137 17 137 17
a -------------------------------- ; --------------------------- , a ; -------------------------------
137 17
- c
b sin x = c; a < 0, 2 2 2
cos x , 1.)
137 17
(3), c --------------------------- ; + . sin2 6x =
2
cos 12x 1 + cos 12x
c
x = 2 (m + k) arccos --------------------- b
- + arctg --- , = 1 1
------------------------------ , cos2 6x = ------------------------------ , sin 6x cos 6x = --- sin 12x.
a2 + b2 a 2 2 2
32. p [ 5 1; 2].
c b
x = 2n arccos ---------------------
- + arctg --- , n Z.
a
33. 2n 1 a 1
----------- --- arccos --- --- arctg 4
--- n Z a [5; 5];
a2 + b2 3 3 5 3 3
(m + k) Z. a [5; 5] .
a b
- = sin , ---------------------- = cos ,
. ---------------------
a2 + b2 a2 + b2 34. ) n --- n Z ; ) n; n
------- + --- n Z;
8 3 6
c
(2) sin (x + ) = ---------------------
-.
a2 + b2
) 4n 2 4n 2
----------- + ------- ; ----------- + ------- n Z ; ) n
------- n Z ;
5 5 3 3
2 4
- + arctg 3
31. ) 2n arccos ---------- --- n Z ;
13 2
) n
------- + --- ; n + 3
------- n Z .
2 8 4
a2
- + --- n Z a [ 2 ;
) 2n arccos ------ 2 ],
2 4
1 4l + 3 n Z, l Z .
cos 3x + cos --- + x- = 0; ) n; ------------------------------ 0
2 2
a (; 4 2)c (4 2 ; +);
298 299
(1)
a
) n 1 1
--- arccos ----------- + --- arctg 1
--- n Z a [ 10 ; 10 ],
c 2 2 3
cos x cos + sin x sin = cos (x ) = ---------------------
-. (2) 10
a2 + b2
a (; 10 ) c ( 10 ; +).
c 3 1
- m 1, c m a +
(2) , --------------------- 2 2
12 + 32 = - = cos ; ----------- = sin ,
10 ----------
a2 + b2 10 10
+ b2, a
cos 2x cos + sin 2x sin = cos (2x ) = ---------- 1
- , = arctg --- .
10 3
c
x = 2k arccos ---------------------
- , k Z. (3)
a a m 1,
a2 + b2 cos (2x ) = ----------
- , ----------
-
10 10
a
10 m a m 10 . , 2x arctg 1
--- = 2n arccos ----------- ,
3 10
a b
cos = ---------------------
-, sin = ---------------------
-; n Z, | a | m 10 . ;
a2 + b2 a2 + b2
) n 1 2a + 17 1 4
------- ------ arccos -------------------- + ------ arctg ------ n Z
, = 2m + arctg --b- m Z. ( , 6
12 12 137 11
a
a > 0; a = 0, - 137 17 137 17
a -------------------------------- ; --------------------------- , a ; -------------------------------
137 17
- c
b sin x = c; a < 0, 2 2 2
cos x , 1.)
137 17
(3), c --------------------------- ; + . sin2 6x =
2
cos 12x 1 + cos 12x
c
x = 2 (m + k) arccos --------------------- b
- + arctg --- , = 1 1
------------------------------ , cos2 6x = ------------------------------ , sin 6x cos 6x = --- sin 12x.
a2 + b2 a 2 2 2
32. p [ 5 1; 2].
c b
x = 2n arccos ---------------------
- + arctg --- , n Z.
a
33. 2n 1 a 1
----------- --- arccos --- --- arctg 4
--- n Z a [5; 5];
a2 + b2 3 3 5 3 3
(m + k) Z. a [5; 5] .
a b
- = sin , ---------------------- = cos ,
. ---------------------
a2 + b2 a2 + b2 34. ) n --- n Z ; ) n; n
------- + --- n Z;
8 3 6
c
(2) sin (x + ) = ---------------------
-.
a2 + b2
) 4n 2 4n 2
----------- + ------- ; ----------- + ------- n Z ; ) n
------- n Z ;
5 5 3 3
2 4
- + arctg 3
31. ) 2n arccos ---------- --- n Z ;
13 2
) n
------- + --- ; n + 3
------- n Z .
2 8 4
a2
- + --- n Z a [ 2 ;
) 2n arccos ------ 2 ],
2 4
1 4l + 3 n Z, l Z .
cos 3x + cos --- + x- = 0; ) n; ------------------------------ 0
2 2
a (; 4 2)c (4 2 ; +);
298 299
n Z ;
35. ) n + --- n Z ; ) n
------- n Z ; ) n + --- ; n
------- + ------
4 4 2 6 24
n Z;
) n
------- + ------ ; 2n 2
------- n Z ; ) n; 2n --- n Z ; ) n n
------- + --- ; ------- + (1)n + 1 ------
6 12 3 6 4 8 3 18
36. ) n --- ; n + --- n Z ; ) n n
------- + (1)n ------ ; ------- + ------ ; n + 3
------- n Z .
4 2 5 30 4 16 4
) 2n
----------- ; n + --- ; 2n --- n Z ; 39. ) n + --- ; n + (1)n --- ; 2n 2
------- n Z ;
2 6 3
3 4 2
) n
------- n Z ; ) n + --- n Z . ) n
------- ; 2n 2
------- n Z ; ) --- (2n + 1) | n Z, n = 7l
2 2 2 3 7
1 1 1
4 | l Z.
37. ) n n
------- + ------ ; ------- + 3
------- n Z . -
: ------------
- = ----------------- + ----------------- =
sin x sin 2x sin 4x
6 48 4 32
2 sin 3x cos x x 7x
= -----------------------------------------------
- , sin 4x sin 3x = 0; 2 sin --- cos ------- = 0.
sin 10x = sin --- 2x- ; 2 sin x cos x sin 4x 2 2
4
, -
3 n Z .
) {x0 | x0 R, x0 = n | n Z}; ) n
------- ; n ------
- sin x 0, sin 2x 0, sin 4x 0. sin x
--- = 0, x = 2k,
5 8 2
k Z , -
sin 2x cos 3x + sin 3x cos 2x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ;
cos 2x
2n + 1
+ 2 sin 5x = 0; cos 7x
------- = 0, x = ----------------- .
2 7
) 4n + 17 8n 5 8n
---------- ; ----------- ------- ; ----------- + --- n Z . n,
6 3 18 3 6
x = m
--------- ( ,
4
2 3 cos x
--- + --- --- = sin x = 0, sin 2x = 0 sin 4x = 0).
4 8 3
+1 m n+4
2n
----------------- = --------- , 7m = 8n + 4; m = n + ------------- .
= 2 3 cos x 5
--- ------- . 7 4 7
4 24
+4
, n
------------- = l, l Z, m,
7
38. ) 2n
----------- ; n + --- ; 2n + | n Z . - .
5 2
+1
x = 2n
----------------- , n Z, n = 7l 4 | l Z.
(sin x + sin 4x) + (sin 2x + sin 3x) = 2sin 5x 3x
------- -cos ------- +
7
2 2
5
) (; +) a {k | k Z}, 2n arccos 1
--------------- n Z
n n
+ cos x
---- = 0; ) ------- ; ------- + --- n Z ; 4
2 5 3 6 a ( ; +).
300 301
n Z ;
35. ) n + --- n Z ; ) n
------- n Z ; ) n + --- ; n
------- + ------
4 4 2 6 24
n Z;
) n
------- + ------ ; 2n 2
------- n Z ; ) n; 2n --- n Z ; ) n n
------- + --- ; ------- + (1)n + 1 ------
6 12 3 6 4 8 3 18
36. ) n --- ; n + --- n Z ; ) n n
------- + (1)n ------ ; ------- + ------ ; n + 3
------- n Z .
4 2 5 30 4 16 4
) 2n
----------- ; n + --- ; 2n --- n Z ; 39. ) n + --- ; n + (1)n --- ; 2n 2
------- n Z ;
2 6 3
3 4 2
) n
------- n Z ; ) n + --- n Z . ) n
------- ; 2n 2
------- n Z ; ) --- (2n + 1) | n Z, n = 7l
2 2 2 3 7
1 1 1
4 | l Z.
37. ) n n
------- + ------ ; ------- + 3
------- n Z . -
: ------------
- = ----------------- + ----------------- =
sin x sin 2x sin 4x
6 48 4 32
2 sin 3x cos x x 7x
= -----------------------------------------------
- , sin 4x sin 3x = 0; 2 sin --- cos ------- = 0.
sin 10x = sin --- 2x- ; 2 sin x cos x sin 4x 2 2
4
, -
3 n Z .
) {x0 | x0 R, x0 = n | n Z}; ) n
------- ; n ------
- sin x 0, sin 2x 0, sin 4x 0. sin x
--- = 0, x = 2k,
5 8 2
k Z , -
sin 2x cos 3x + sin 3x cos 2x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ;
cos 2x
2n + 1
+ 2 sin 5x = 0; cos 7x
------- = 0, x = ----------------- .
2 7
) 4n + 17 8n 5 8n
---------- ; ----------- ------- ; ----------- + --- n Z . n,
6 3 18 3 6
x = m
--------- ( ,
4
2 3 cos x
--- + --- --- = sin x = 0, sin 2x = 0 sin 4x = 0).
4 8 3
+1 m n+4
2n
----------------- = --------- , 7m = 8n + 4; m = n + ------------- .
= 2 3 cos x 5
--- ------- . 7 4 7
4 24
+4
, n
------------- = l, l Z, m,
7
38. ) 2n
----------- ; n + --- ; 2n + | n Z . - .
5 2
+1
x = 2n
----------------- , n Z, n = 7l 4 | l Z.
(sin x + sin 4x) + (sin 2x + sin 3x) = 2sin 5x 3x
------- -cos ------- +
7
2 2
5
) (; +) a {k | k Z}, 2n arccos 1
--------------- n Z
n n
+ cos x
---- = 0; ) ------- ; ------- + --- n Z ; 4
2 5 3 6 a ( ; +).
300 301
, 2 sin2 2x 2 sin 2x sin 4x = 0. -
40. n
------- + --- ; n --- n Z . 41. ) {n | n Z};
4 8 3 x = n
------- x = n --- , n Z;
2 6
n Z ; ) n + --- ; 2n
) n
------- n Z .
sin x
------------ sin 3x sin 2x sin 2x
- ------------------ + ----------------- = ----------------- ) n n
------- + --- ; ------- + ------
----------- + ------ ; 2n
-----------
3 cos x cos 3x cos 2x cos 2x 2 4 5 10 2 11 11 5
sin 2x sin 2x ( cos x cos 3x cos 2x ) 2n
- = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- = tg x tg 2x tg 3x = 0.
------------------------------ n Z ; ) n 1
--- arccos 3
cos x cos 3x cos x cos 2x cos 3x --- n Z . 44. ) ----------- + --- n Z .
2 4 7 7
, x1 = n | n Z, x2 = m l
--------- m Z, x3 = -----
2 3
l Z. x = l
----- x = n 2 sin x x x x
--- sin x + 2 sin --- sin 2x + 2 sin --- sin 3x = cos ---
3 2 2 2 2
x = m
--------- ( m = 2p, p Z). m -
,
2
2 sin sin = cos ( ) cos ( + );
. , x = n
------- , n Z.
3
) 2n
----------- n Z, n = 7k, k Z .
7
42. ) n
------- n Z . 2 sin x
--- .
10 2
1 1
--- (cos 3x + cos 9x) = --- (cos 3x + cos 11x), cos 9x 45. ) n
n Z .
------- + (1)n + 1 ------
-
2 2
4 24
cos 11x = 0. ,
sin x cos 3x(1 cos 2x) + cos x sin 3x (1 +
2 sin x sin 10x = 0, -
+ cos 2x) = 3
--- , (sin x cos 3x + cos x sin 3x) + cos 2x (sin 3x
x = k, x = n
------- , k, n Z. , 4
10
( k = 10n), - cos x cos 3x sin x) = 3 1 3
--- , sin 4x + --- sin 4x = --- . -
4 2 4
;
sin 4x = 1
--- ,
2
) n n n Z ;
------- + --- ; ------- + ------ ;
3 6 5 10
n Z .
) n --- n Z . 46. ) n
------- + (1)n ------
) n; n n Z ; ) n; n
------- + ------
------- + --- n Z ; 8 3 18
5 10 3 6
:
5 n 1
) n ------ ;n+ 1
--- n Z . 43. ) ------- ; n --- n Z . - --- sin x -2 sin ---- x sin ---- + x =
12 4 2 6 2 3 3
2 1 cos = =1 2 1
--- sin x -cos 2x cos -------- + --- (2 sin x cos 2x + sin x) =
2 3 4
= 2 sin2
--- , 2 sin2 2x (cos 2x cos 6x) =
2
=1 1
--- (sin 3x sin x + sin x) = --- sin 3x.
= 0. - 4 4
302 303
, 2 sin2 2x 2 sin 2x sin 4x = 0. -
40. n
------- + --- ; n --- n Z . 41. ) {n | n Z};
4 8 3 x = n
------- x = n --- , n Z;
2 6
n Z ; ) n + --- ; 2n
) n
------- n Z .
sin x
------------ sin 3x sin 2x sin 2x
- ------------------ + ----------------- = ----------------- ) n n
------- + --- ; ------- + ------
----------- + ------ ; 2n
-----------
3 cos x cos 3x cos 2x cos 2x 2 4 5 10 2 11 11 5
sin 2x sin 2x ( cos x cos 3x cos 2x ) 2n
- = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- = tg x tg 2x tg 3x = 0.
------------------------------ n Z ; ) n 1
--- arccos 3
cos x cos 3x cos x cos 2x cos 3x --- n Z . 44. ) ----------- + --- n Z .
2 4 7 7
, x1 = n | n Z, x2 = m l
--------- m Z, x3 = -----
2 3
l Z. x = l
----- x = n 2 sin x x x x
--- sin x + 2 sin --- sin 2x + 2 sin --- sin 3x = cos ---
3 2 2 2 2
x = m
--------- ( m = 2p, p Z). m -
,
2
2 sin sin = cos ( ) cos ( + );
. , x = n
------- , n Z.
3
) 2n
----------- n Z, n = 7k, k Z .
7
42. ) n
------- n Z . 2 sin x
--- .
10 2
1 1
--- (cos 3x + cos 9x) = --- (cos 3x + cos 11x), cos 9x 45. ) n
n Z .
------- + (1)n + 1 ------
-
2 2
4 24
cos 11x = 0. ,
sin x cos 3x(1 cos 2x) + cos x sin 3x (1 +
2 sin x sin 10x = 0, -
+ cos 2x) = 3
--- , (sin x cos 3x + cos x sin 3x) + cos 2x (sin 3x
x = k, x = n
------- , k, n Z. , 4
10
( k = 10n), - cos x cos 3x sin x) = 3 1 3
--- , sin 4x + --- sin 4x = --- . -
4 2 4
;
sin 4x = 1
--- ,
2
) n n n Z ;
------- + --- ; ------- + ------ ;
3 6 5 10
n Z .
) n --- n Z . 46. ) n
------- + (1)n ------
) n; n n Z ; ) n; n
------- + ------
------- + --- n Z ; 8 3 18
5 10 3 6
:
5 n 1
) n ------ ;n+ 1
--- n Z . 43. ) ------- ; n --- n Z . - --- sin x -2 sin ---- x sin ---- + x =
12 4 2 6 2 3 3
2 1 cos = =1 2 1
--- sin x -cos 2x cos -------- + --- (2 sin x cos 2x + sin x) =
2 3 4
= 2 sin2
--- , 2 sin2 2x (cos 2x cos 6x) =
2
=1 1
--- (sin 3x sin x + sin x) = --- sin 3x.
= 0. - 4 4
302 303
sin 3x = 1 1
--- 4 = --- , ; ( 4n + 1 )
8 2 50. ) -------------------------
- ; (2n + 1) | n Z . sin x cos x = y,
2
n
) -2n
----------- 2
------- n Z ; ) ------- --- n Z . (sin x cos x)2 = 1 sin 2x = y2, sin 2x = 1 y2. -
3 9 3 9
y2 + 12y 13 = 0 y1 = 1; y2 = 13.
, : sin x cos x = y1 = 1,
47. ) n; n --- n Z ; ) n --- n Z ;
6 6 ( 4n + 1 )
x1 = (2n + 1), x2 = -------------------------
- , n Z,
2
5
) n 1
--- arccos --- n Z . -
sin x cos x = y2 = 13, ; ) n --- ;
2 6
4
sin x cos 3x cos x sin 3x
-------------------------------------------------------------------
- = 3; n 1
cos x sin 3x ------- + (1)n + 1 --- n Z . ------------
- +
2 8 sin x
) n 1 1 1
--- arccos --- ; n --- arccos 1
--- n Z ; 1
2 4 2 3 - = 2 2 (sin x + cos x) sin x + cos x = y;
+ ------------
cos x
) n + --- n Z . 48. ) n --- n Z ; ) 2n + --- ; 2n + 11
---------- ; 2n 5
------- n Z ;
2 8 4 12 12
) n --- n Z ; ) n
------- + --- ; n + --- n Z . - ) 2n; 2n + --- n Z ;
6 2 4 2 2
8 sin6 x = (1 cos 2x)3;
) 2n --- ; n --- + (1)narcsin ------
1
- 1- n Z . -
2 4
) n 1 5 1 n Z .
------- + --- ; n --- arccos ---------------- -
2
-
2 4 2 2 sin x(1 + sin x) + cos x (1 sin2 x) =
cos 2x = (1 + sin x)(sin x + cos x sin x cos x) = 0;
tg2 x = 1
--------------------------- , cos 4x = 2 cos2 2x 1;
1 + cos 2x 2 2 2
) -4n + ---- ; 4n + 11
---------- n Z0; (4m 5
------- m N .
2 6 6
) n + --- ; n ( 1 )n 51
------- + -------------- arcsin ----------------- .
4 2 2 2
51. ) 2n | n Z a {1} c (2( 2 1); 2( 2 + 1)),
49. ) {n arccos (3 2 3 a2 )} a [ 2 ; 2 ],
a+2
a [ 2 ; 2 ]; ) n 1 7
------- --- arccos -------------------
3 2n; 2n arccos -------------- + --- n Z a (; 1) c
- n Z a ; --- c a 2 4
2 4 16a 1 8
n c (1; 2( 2 1)] c [2( 2 + 1); +); ) 2n --- n Z
c -1 3 1
--- ; +- , a --- ; --- ; ) ------- + --- n Z a 4
2 8 2 2 4
b (; 0) c (1; +), 2n --- ; 2n arccos (2b 1) ---
4 4
(; 6] c [8; + ); n n 1
------- + --- ; ------- --- arccos (a 7) | n Z
2 4 2 4
n Z b [0; 1];
a (6; 8).
304 305
sin 3x = 1 1
--- 4 = --- , ; ( 4n + 1 )
8 2 50. ) -------------------------
- ; (2n + 1) | n Z . sin x cos x = y,
2
n
) -2n
----------- 2
------- n Z ; ) ------- --- n Z . (sin x cos x)2 = 1 sin 2x = y2, sin 2x = 1 y2. -
3 9 3 9
y2 + 12y 13 = 0 y1 = 1; y2 = 13.
, : sin x cos x = y1 = 1,
47. ) n; n --- n Z ; ) n --- n Z ;
6 6 ( 4n + 1 )
x1 = (2n + 1), x2 = -------------------------
- , n Z,
2
5
) n 1
--- arccos --- n Z . -
sin x cos x = y2 = 13, ; ) n --- ;
2 6
4
sin x cos 3x cos x sin 3x
-------------------------------------------------------------------
- = 3; n 1
cos x sin 3x ------- + (1)n + 1 --- n Z . ------------
- +
2 8 sin x
) n 1 1 1
--- arccos --- ; n --- arccos 1
--- n Z ; 1
2 4 2 3 - = 2 2 (sin x + cos x) sin x + cos x = y;
+ ------------
cos x
) n + --- n Z . 48. ) n --- n Z ; ) 2n + --- ; 2n + 11
---------- ; 2n 5
------- n Z ;
2 8 4 12 12
) n --- n Z ; ) n
------- + --- ; n + --- n Z . - ) 2n; 2n + --- n Z ;
6 2 4 2 2
8 sin6 x = (1 cos 2x)3;
) 2n --- ; n --- + (1)narcsin ------
1
- 1- n Z . -
2 4
) n 1 5 1 n Z .
------- + --- ; n --- arccos ---------------- -
2
-
2 4 2 2 sin x(1 + sin x) + cos x (1 sin2 x) =
cos 2x = (1 + sin x)(sin x + cos x sin x cos x) = 0;
tg2 x = 1
--------------------------- , cos 4x = 2 cos2 2x 1;
1 + cos 2x 2 2 2
) -4n + ---- ; 4n + 11
---------- n Z0; (4m 5
------- m N .
2 6 6
) n + --- ; n ( 1 )n 51
------- + -------------- arcsin ----------------- .
4 2 2 2
51. ) 2n | n Z a {1} c (2( 2 1); 2( 2 + 1)),
49. ) {n arccos (3 2 3 a2 )} a [ 2 ; 2 ],
a+2
a [ 2 ; 2 ]; ) n 1 7
------- --- arccos -------------------
3 2n; 2n arccos -------------- + --- n Z a (; 1) c
- n Z a ; --- c a 2 4
2 4 16a 1 8
n c (1; 2( 2 1)] c [2( 2 + 1); +); ) 2n --- n Z
c -1 3 1
--- ; +- , a --- ; --- ; ) ------- + --- n Z a 4
2 8 2 2 4
b (; 0) c (1; +), 2n --- ; 2n arccos (2b 1) ---
4 4
(; 6] c [8; + ); n n 1
------- + --- ; ------- --- arccos (a 7) | n Z
2 4 2 4
n Z b [0; 1];
a (6; 8).
304 305
3 1 sin 5x
------- m 1, cos x m 1, (1)
) n --- n Z a ; ------
- c ------- ; + , n --- ; 4
4 2 2 4
cos x = 1
n ( 1 )n 3 1 sin 5x
------- = 1. ,
------- + -------------- arcsin (a 2 + 2) | n Z a ------- ; ------- . 4
2 2 2 2
x = 2k, 5x
------- = --- + 2l,
4 2
52. 2n; 2n + --- n Z . 53. ) 2n + 5
------- n Z .
2 6
k, l . x ,
tg x (sin x -
1
): 4l = 5k 1, l = k + k------------
- .
4
1
1 2 , k------------
- = n, n Z.
tg x = 1 2
--- ------- 2 sin x --- .
4
2 3 2
k = 4n + 1 | n Z x = 2(4n + 1);
, sin x = 1
--- ; ) n
------- ; 2n --- n Z .
2 3 2
1
tg x = ------
-
3
55. ) n arctg 1
--- ; n arctg 1
--- n Z .
6 3
sin x = 1 1
--- , tg x = ------- .
2 3
, 1
- 1 = | tg x |; )
-------------- 2n --- ; 2n + 2
-------- . -
cos 2 x 3 3
x1 = 2n + --- x2 =
nZ
6
, 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2 cos x --- .
= 2n + 5
------- , n Z. 6
6
x2;
56. ) n --- n Z .
) n; 2n + --- n Z . ) 2n --- n Z . 6
2 4
x, cos 2x > 1
--- . -
4
cos2 2x + sin4 x
---
2
+ --- = 0, -
8 , -
8cos2 2x + 10cos 2x 7 = 0,
cos 2x = 0, sin x
--- + --- = 0.
2 8 cos 2x = 7 1 7
--- cos 2x = --- . cos 2x = ---
4 2 4
, -
54. ) {2(1 + 4n) | n Z}. -
cos 2x = 1 1
--- > ---- ; ) {2n + arctg a | n Z} a
2 4
(0; +), {(2n + 1) + arctg a |n Z} a (; 0), {n | n Z}
sin 5x
------- + cos x = 2. (1)
4 a = 0.
306 307
3 1 sin 5x
------- m 1, cos x m 1, (1)
) n --- n Z a ; ------
- c ------- ; + , n --- ; 4
4 2 2 4
cos x = 1
n ( 1 )n 3 1 sin 5x
------- = 1. ,
------- + -------------- arcsin (a 2 + 2) | n Z a ------- ; ------- . 4
2 2 2 2
x = 2k, 5x
------- = --- + 2l,
4 2
52. 2n; 2n + --- n Z . 53. ) 2n + 5
------- n Z .
2 6
k, l . x ,
tg x (sin x -
1
): 4l = 5k 1, l = k + k------------
- .
4
1
1 2 , k------------
- = n, n Z.
tg x = 1 2
--- ------- 2 sin x --- .
4
2 3 2
k = 4n + 1 | n Z x = 2(4n + 1);
, sin x = 1
--- ; ) n
------- ; 2n --- n Z .
2 3 2
1
tg x = ------
-
3
55. ) n arctg 1
--- ; n arctg 1
--- n Z .
6 3
sin x = 1 1
--- , tg x = ------- .
2 3
, 1
- 1 = | tg x |; )
-------------- 2n --- ; 2n + 2
-------- . -
cos 2 x 3 3
x1 = 2n + --- x2 =
nZ
6
, 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2 cos x --- .
= 2n + 5
------- , n Z. 6
6
x2;
56. ) n --- n Z .
) n; 2n + --- n Z . ) 2n --- n Z . 6
2 4
x, cos 2x > 1
--- . -
4
cos2 2x + sin4 x
---
2
+ --- = 0, -
8 , -
8cos2 2x + 10cos 2x 7 = 0,
cos 2x = 0, sin x
--- + --- = 0.
2 8 cos 2x = 7 1 7
--- cos 2x = --- . cos 2x = ---
4 2 4
, -
54. ) {2(1 + 4n) | n Z}. -
cos 2x = 1 1
--- > ---- ; ) {2n + arctg a | n Z} a
2 4
(0; +), {(2n + 1) + arctg a |n Z} a (; 0), {n | n Z}
sin 5x
------- + cos x = 2. (1)
4 a = 0.
306 307
5 2 2+ 3 5 2 2+ 3
57. ) 2n + 3
------- n Z . n Z a --- , -------------------------
6
, a --- ; -------------------------
6
.
4 6 6
61. ) 2n + arccos 1
--- n Z . -
sin x = 2 cos 2x, 3
cos x m 0. :
log ( 3 sin x )
, 2 sin 2x + sin x 2 = 0, 4
(log5 4) log4 (3sin x) = --------------------------------
- = log5 (3sin x).
log 4 5
1
sin x = ------
- .
2
log5 tg x = log5 (3sin x), -
x = 2n + --- (, -
4 tg x = 3 sin x,
, -
) x = 2n + 3
------- , n Z, sin x > 0.
4
; cos x = 1 1
--- (sin x 0), x1 = 2n + arccos --- x2 =
3 3
5 1 n Z ; )
) 2n arccos ----------------
-
3
2n + --- ; 2n ------- n Z ; = 2n arccos 1
--- , n Z. (x2)
2 8 8 3
;
) n
------- ; n + --- n Z ; ) 2n + --- ; 2n --- n Z ; 1 n Z . 62. ) {n | n Z}.
2 6 2 6 ) 2n + arccos ------
10
) (; +) a = 0; {n | n Z} a(; +).
2 2cos
2x 1 = 3 2 cos
2x
4 2 cos
2x
= t;
58. ) 2n; 2n --- n Z ;
2 ) log2 n
------- + --- n Z0 . 63. ) --- + 2n; ------ + 2m
------------ n, m Z.
4 8 2 10 5
) 2n + 3 7
------- ; 2n + ------- ; 2n + ; n + --- n Z . -
8 8 4 , cos 3x cos --- 2x = 0,
2
(sin 2x + cos 2x)(1 cos 2x sin 2x) = 0
sin x cos x l 0; sin x 5x
--- + --- sin ------- ---- = 0, .
2 4 2 4
n Z ;
) 2n; n --- n Z ; ) n
------- + (1)n + 1 ------ .
4 3 18 .
) n + arctg 2
7 ) 3 3
------- + n; ------- + m
--------- n, m Z ;
--- n Z ; ) 2n + ------ ; 2n ------- n Z . 4 8 2
3 12 12
59. ) 2n + --- ; 2
--- l + 5
------- n, l Z, l = 3m + 2 | m Z ;
) --- + n; ------ + m
--------- n, m Z ;
6 3 18 4 16 4
) 4n + 13
---------- n Z . 60. 2n arccos
1 1 5 2
- + --- a -------
) --- + 2n; ------ + 2m
------------ n, m Z .
6 --
2 4 6a 2 14 7
308 309
5 2 2+ 3 5 2 2+ 3
57. ) 2n + 3
------- n Z . n Z a --- , -------------------------
6
, a --- ; -------------------------
6
.
4 6 6
61. ) 2n + arccos 1
--- n Z . -
sin x = 2 cos 2x, 3
cos x m 0. :
log ( 3 sin x )
, 2 sin 2x + sin x 2 = 0, 4
(log5 4) log4 (3sin x) = --------------------------------
- = log5 (3sin x).
log 4 5
1
sin x = ------
- .
2
log5 tg x = log5 (3sin x), -
x = 2n + --- (, -
4 tg x = 3 sin x,
, -
) x = 2n + 3
------- , n Z, sin x > 0.
4
; cos x = 1 1
--- (sin x 0), x1 = 2n + arccos --- x2 =
3 3
5 1 n Z ; )
) 2n arccos ----------------
-
3
2n + --- ; 2n ------- n Z ; = 2n arccos 1
--- , n Z. (x2)
2 8 8 3
;
) n
------- ; n + --- n Z ; ) 2n + --- ; 2n --- n Z ; 1 n Z . 62. ) {n | n Z}.
2 6 2 6 ) 2n + arccos ------
10
) (; +) a = 0; {n | n Z} a(; +).
2 2cos
2x 1 = 3 2 cos
2x
4 2 cos
2x
= t;
58. ) 2n; 2n --- n Z ;
2 ) log2 n
------- + --- n Z0 . 63. ) --- + 2n; ------ + 2m
------------ n, m Z.
4 8 2 10 5
) 2n + 3 7
------- ; 2n + ------- ; 2n + ; n + --- n Z . -
8 8 4 , cos 3x cos --- 2x = 0,
2
(sin 2x + cos 2x)(1 cos 2x sin 2x) = 0
sin x cos x l 0; sin x 5x
--- + --- sin ------- ---- = 0, .
2 4 2 4
n Z ;
) 2n; n --- n Z ; ) n
------- + (1)n + 1 ------ .
4 3 18 .
) n + arctg 2
7 ) 3 3
------- + n; ------- + m
--------- n, m Z ;
--- n Z ; ) 2n + ------ ; 2n ------- n Z . 4 8 2
3 12 12
59. ) 2n + --- ; 2
--- l + 5
------- n, l Z, l = 3m + 2 | m Z ;
) --- + n; ------ + m
--------- n, m Z ;
6 3 18 4 16 4
) 4n + 13
---------- n Z . 60. 2n arccos
1 1 5 2
- + --- a -------
) --- + 2n; ------ + 2m
------------ n, m Z .
6 --
2 4 6a 2 14 7
308 309
64. ) --- + n
------- ; x = --- + 2m | n, m Z . -
8 4 3
2 sin x sin x ---- = 2 sin x ------2- sin x ------2- cos x- =
4 2 2
,
2 cos 4x cos x = cos 4x cos 4x (2 cos x 1) = 0. = ------2- sin x + ------2- cos x = cos x ---- ,
2 2 4
cos 4x = 0,
4x = --- + n, n Z; x = --- + n
------- , n Z.
2 8 4 2cos2 x ---- 3cos x
---- + 1 = 0
4 4
2 cos x 1 = 0 x = --- + 2m, m Z.
3 cos x --- = 1, x --- = 2n, n Z,
4 4
) n 2 n
------- ; ------- + 2m
------------ n, m Z ; ) --- + ------- n Z ;
6 9 3
6 3 cos x --- = 1
--- x --- = --- + 2k, k Z
4 2 4 3
) n
------- ; (1)m + 1 --- + m | n, m Z .
3 6 x = --- + 2n, n Z,
4
x = 7
------- + 2k, k Z,
65. ) --- + (1)n --- + n; 3
------- + 2m | n, m Z . 12
4 6 4
x = ------ + 2m, m Z;
12
t = x --- ,
4
) --- + (1)n --- + n; --- + (1)k --- + k | n, k Z ;
t= (1)n --- + n, n Z, 4 6 4 3
sin t = 1
--- , 6
2 sin2 t 3sin t + 1 = 0 2
sin t = 1 t = --- + 2m, m Z. ) --- + 2n | n Z ; ) 5
------- + 2n; --- + (1)k --- + k | n, k Z .
2 6 6 3 6
x, ;
67. ) --- + n | n Z . cos 4x
1 ) n n ( 1 ) n
) (-------------- arcsin 8 3
--- + ------- ; -------------- arcsin --- + k
------- n, k Z ; 4
2 9 2 2 4 2
(sin x + cos x)2,
2(1 2sin2 2x) + 7(1 + sin 2x) + 2 = 0, . .
) 3
------- + 2n; (1)k + 1 --- --- + k | n, k Z ;
4 6 4
4 sin2 2x 7 sin 2x 11 = 0.
) 3
------- + 2k | k Z . t = sin 2x (|t| m 1) -
4
66. ) --- + 2n; 7
------- + 2k; ------ + 2m | n, k, m Z . 4t2 7t 11 = 0 t 11
------ ; 1 .
4 12 12
4
310 311
64. ) --- + n
------- ; x = --- + 2m | n, m Z . -
8 4 3
2 sin x sin x ---- = 2 sin x ------2- sin x ------2- cos x- =
4 2 2
,
2 cos 4x cos x = cos 4x cos 4x (2 cos x 1) = 0. = ------2- sin x + ------2- cos x = cos x ---- ,
2 2 4
cos 4x = 0,
4x = --- + n, n Z; x = --- + n
------- , n Z.
2 8 4 2cos2 x ---- 3cos x
---- + 1 = 0
4 4
2 cos x 1 = 0 x = --- + 2m, m Z.
3 cos x --- = 1, x --- = 2n, n Z,
4 4
) n 2 n
------- ; ------- + 2m
------------ n, m Z ; ) --- + ------- n Z ;
6 9 3
6 3 cos x --- = 1
--- x --- = --- + 2k, k Z
4 2 4 3
) n
------- ; (1)m + 1 --- + m | n, m Z .
3 6 x = --- + 2n, n Z,
4
x = 7
------- + 2k, k Z,
65. ) --- + (1)n --- + n; 3
------- + 2m | n, m Z . 12
4 6 4
x = ------ + 2m, m Z;
12
t = x --- ,
4
) --- + (1)n --- + n; --- + (1)k --- + k | n, k Z ;
t= (1)n --- + n, n Z, 4 6 4 3
sin t = 1
--- , 6
2 sin2 t 3sin t + 1 = 0 2
sin t = 1 t = --- + 2m, m Z. ) --- + 2n | n Z ; ) 5
------- + 2n; --- + (1)k --- + k | n, k Z .
2 6 6 3 6
x, ;
67. ) --- + n | n Z . cos 4x
1 ) n n ( 1 ) n
) (-------------- arcsin 8 3
--- + ------- ; -------------- arcsin --- + k
------- n, k Z ; 4
2 9 2 2 4 2
(sin x + cos x)2,
2(1 2sin2 2x) + 7(1 + sin 2x) + 2 = 0, . .
) 3
------- + 2n; (1)k + 1 --- --- + k | n, k Z ;
4 6 4
4 sin2 2x 7 sin 2x 11 = 0.
) 3
------- + 2k | k Z . t = sin 2x (|t| m 1) -
4
66. ) --- + 2n; 7
------- + 2k; ------ + 2m | n, k, m Z . 4t2 7t 11 = 0 t 11
------ ; 1 .
4 12 12
4
310 311
t = 11 11
------ , ------ > 1. -
4 4
69. ) --- + n | n Z ; ) ------ + n
------- n Z ;
4 12 2
t = 1,
t = 1 sin 2x = 1 2x = --- + 2n, n Z
) --- + n | n Z ; ) n; (1)k --- + k
------- n, k Z .
2
2 6 2
x = --- + n, n Z.
4
70. ) {arctg 2 + 2n | n Z};
) --- + 2k
----------- k Z ; ) --- + k | k Z ; ) {arcctg 3 + 2n; + arcctg 3 + 2k | n, k Z};
3 3 4
) n; --- (1 2k) | n, k Z .
4
) (1)k ------ + k
------- k Z . 68. ) 3
------- + 3n; 2k | n, k Z .
18 3 2
57 6 57 6
cos 2 = 2 cos2 1 cos 3 = 4 cos3 71. ) 2n arccos -------------------- + 13
---------- ; 2n arccos --------------------
3 2 3
3 cos ,
4 cos3 x x x x
--- 3 cos ---- + cos --- = 2 cos2 --- , n Z ;
3 3 3 3
) n + --- ; --- n n Z ;
4 cos3 x x x
--- 2 cos2 --- 2 cos --- = 0. 2 6
3 3 3
2 cos x
--- = t a a
- + --- ; --- 2n arccos -----------------
) 2n arcccos ----------------
3 8 8
2 cos --- 2 cos ---
2t3 t2 t = 0, t(t 1)(2t + 1) = 0. 8 8
t = 0, cos x n Z a 2 cos --- ; 2 cos --- , a ; 2 cos --- c
x 3
--- = 0, .. --- = --- + n, n Z, x = ------- +
3 3 2 2 8 8 8
+ 3n, n Z.
x x x c 2 cos --- ; +- .
t = 1 t = 1 1
--- , cos --- = 1 cos --- = --- , .. --- = 8
2 3 3 2 3
= 2k
----------- , k Z 15 , -
3 72. ) --- (n + 4k) 2 ( 1 ) n
------- + -------------- arcsin 2a; --- (n 6k) --- +
5 15 5 5 5
2
------- , -
3
y 3n 3
( 1 )n
x = 2k, k Z. ) ----------- ; ------- + + -------------- arcsin 2a) | n, k Z a (; 0], a (0; +);
2 4 5
+ k | n, k Z ;
12 O x ) k
- -n + ---- + --- ; --k- n- + ---- ; - --k- + n- + --- ;
2
2 6 2 3 3
) 2n
----------- ; --- + k | n, k Z ; ) {3 + 4n;
3 2
--k- n) + --- k, n Z ;
6k | n, k Z}. 2 6
. 15
312 313
t = 11 11
------ , ------ > 1. -
4 4
69. ) --- + n | n Z ; ) ------ + n
------- n Z ;
4 12 2
t = 1,
t = 1 sin 2x = 1 2x = --- + 2n, n Z
) --- + n | n Z ; ) n; (1)k --- + k
------- n, k Z .
2
2 6 2
x = --- + n, n Z.
4
70. ) {arctg 2 + 2n | n Z};
) --- + 2k
----------- k Z ; ) --- + k | k Z ; ) {arcctg 3 + 2n; + arcctg 3 + 2k | n, k Z};
3 3 4
) n; --- (1 2k) | n, k Z .
4
) (1)k ------ + k
------- k Z . 68. ) 3
------- + 3n; 2k | n, k Z .
18 3 2
57 6 57 6
cos 2 = 2 cos2 1 cos 3 = 4 cos3 71. ) 2n arccos -------------------- + 13
---------- ; 2n arccos --------------------
3 2 3
3 cos ,
4 cos3 x x x x
--- 3 cos ---- + cos --- = 2 cos2 --- , n Z ;
3 3 3 3
) n + --- ; --- n n Z ;
4 cos3 x x x
--- 2 cos2 --- 2 cos --- = 0. 2 6
3 3 3
2 cos x
--- = t a a
- + --- ; --- 2n arccos -----------------
) 2n arcccos ----------------
3 8 8
2 cos --- 2 cos ---
2t3 t2 t = 0, t(t 1)(2t + 1) = 0. 8 8
t = 0, cos x n Z a 2 cos --- ; 2 cos --- , a ; 2 cos --- c
x 3
--- = 0, .. --- = --- + n, n Z, x = ------- +
3 3 2 2 8 8 8
+ 3n, n Z.
x x x c 2 cos --- ; +- .
t = 1 t = 1 1
--- , cos --- = 1 cos --- = --- , .. --- = 8
2 3 3 2 3
= 2k
----------- , k Z 15 , -
3 72. ) --- (n + 4k) 2 ( 1 ) n
------- + -------------- arcsin 2a; --- (n 6k) --- +
5 15 5 5 5
2
------- , -
3
y 3n 3
( 1 )n
x = 2k, k Z. ) ----------- ; ------- + + -------------- arcsin 2a) | n, k Z a (; 0], a (0; +);
2 4 5
+ k | n, k Z ;
12 O x ) k
- -n + ---- + --- ; --k- n- + ---- ; - --k- + n- + --- ;
2
2 6 2 3 3
) 2n
----------- ; --- + k | n, k Z ; ) {3 + 4n;
3 2
--k- n) + --- k, n Z ;
6k | n, k Z}. 2 6
. 15
312 313
) 2n + --- ; 2k + --- ; 2n + 7 4
------- ; 2k + ------- ; x + y = --- + 2n, x + y = --- + 2n,
6 3 6 3 3 3
x y = --- + 2m; x y = --- + 2m;
2n --- ; 2k + 2 5 5
------- ; 2n + ------- ; 2n + ------- n, k Z . 4 4
6 3 6 3
x + y = --- + 2n, x + y = --- + 2n,
3
73. ) n --- ; m + (1)m ---
3
n, m Z ;
4 6
x y = --- + 2m; x y = --- + 2m;
4 4
) 2n 3
------- ; m + (1)m --- n, m Z ; ;
4 6
) --- + (n + k); --- + (k n) ; --- + (n + k); --- + (k n)
) -2n + --- ; 2k arccos --a- n, k Z a (3; 3], 3 3 3 3
2 3
n, k Z ;
-2n + --- ; 2k- ; -2n --- ; (2k + 1)- | n, k Z a = 3,
2 2
a (; 3) c (3; +);
) - --- + 2n; arccos 1
--- + 2k- n, k Z .
6 4
) -2n arccos 1 1
--- ; k arctg (a + 2) ; 2n arccos ------------- ;
a a+2
k arctg a- n, k Z a (; 3] c [1; +),
5.
1
-2n arccos --- ; k arctg (a + 2) - n, k Z a (3; 1), 1. ) n; n + --- , n Z; ) (4n + 2; 4n + 4), n Z;
a 2
1 ) -2n + 7 23
------- ; 2n + ---------- , n Z;
-2n arccos ------------- ; k arctg a- n, k Z a (1; 1). 12 12
a+2
) n --- + 1 5 1
--- ; n + ------- + --- , n Z;
8 2 8 2
74. ) --- + (n + m); --- + (n m) n, m Z ;
6 6
) --- + 2n, n Z . 2. ) 6n 3 3
------- ; 6n + ------- , n Z;
2 2 2
) 7 7
------- + (n + m); ------ + (n m) ; ------ + (n + m); ------- +
24 24 24 24
) -n n 3
------- + --- ; ------- + ------- , n Z; ) 2n --- ; 2n + --- , n Z;
+ (n m) ; ------ + (n + m); 7 7
------- + (n m) ; ------- + (n + m);
2 8 2 8 6 2
24 24 24
) -4n + 3 1 5 1
------- --- ; 4n + ------- ---- , n Z; ) {2n, n Z}.
------ + (n m) n, m Z . 2 2 2 2
24
3. ) n n
------- ; ------- + --- , n Z; ) (4n 2; 4n), n Z;
, x + y = --- + 2n, 2 2 4
3
x y = --- + 2m. , ) ------ ; n + --- , n Z; ) n 2 n 2
------- --- + --- ; ------- --- + --- , n Z.
4 12 6 3 6 3 3 9 3
314 315
) 2n + --- ; 2k + --- ; 2n + 7 4
------- ; 2k + ------- ; x + y = --- + 2n, x + y = --- + 2n,
6 3 6 3 3 3
x y = --- + 2m; x y = --- + 2m;
2n --- ; 2k + 2 5 5
------- ; 2n + ------- ; 2n + ------- n, k Z . 4 4
6 3 6 3
x + y = --- + 2n, x + y = --- + 2n,
3
73. ) n --- ; m + (1)m ---
3
n, m Z ;
4 6
x y = --- + 2m; x y = --- + 2m;
4 4
) 2n 3
------- ; m + (1)m --- n, m Z ; ;
4 6
) --- + (n + k); --- + (k n) ; --- + (n + k); --- + (k n)
) -2n + --- ; 2k arccos --a- n, k Z a (3; 3], 3 3 3 3
2 3
n, k Z ;
-2n + --- ; 2k- ; -2n --- ; (2k + 1)- | n, k Z a = 3,
2 2
a (; 3) c (3; +);
) - --- + 2n; arccos 1
--- + 2k- n, k Z .
6 4
) -2n arccos 1 1
--- ; k arctg (a + 2) ; 2n arccos ------------- ;
a a+2
k arctg a- n, k Z a (; 3] c [1; +),
5.
1
-2n arccos --- ; k arctg (a + 2) - n, k Z a (3; 1), 1. ) n; n + --- , n Z; ) (4n + 2; 4n + 4), n Z;
a 2
1 ) -2n + 7 23
------- ; 2n + ---------- , n Z;
-2n arccos ------------- ; k arctg a- n, k Z a (1; 1). 12 12
a+2
) n --- + 1 5 1
--- ; n + ------- + --- , n Z;
8 2 8 2
74. ) --- + (n + m); --- + (n m) n, m Z ;
6 6
) --- + 2n, n Z . 2. ) 6n 3 3
------- ; 6n + ------- , n Z;
2 2 2
) 7 7
------- + (n + m); ------ + (n m) ; ------ + (n + m); ------- +
24 24 24 24
) -n n 3
------- + --- ; ------- + ------- , n Z; ) 2n --- ; 2n + --- , n Z;
+ (n m) ; ------ + (n + m); 7 7
------- + (n m) ; ------- + (n + m);
2 8 2 8 6 2
24 24 24
) -4n + 3 1 5 1
------- --- ; 4n + ------- ---- , n Z; ) {2n, n Z}.
------ + (n m) n, m Z . 2 2 2 2
24
3. ) n n
------- ; ------- + --- , n Z; ) (4n 2; 4n), n Z;
, x + y = --- + 2n, 2 2 4
3
x y = --- + 2m. , ) ------ ; n + --- , n Z; ) n 2 n 2
------- --- + --- ; ------- --- + --- , n Z.
4 12 6 3 6 3 3 9 3
314 315
4. ) -n + --- ; n + - , n Z; ) -n + --- ; n + --- , n Z; 15. {R}, x = 3 3n n n
------- + ----------- , n Z. 16. --- + ------- ; --- + ------- ,
2 4 2 4 2 8 2 8 2
3 3
) -n 1 n
------- + --- --- arcctg 2; ------- + ---- , n Z. n Z.
1 cos 2x 1 + cos 2x
, sin6 x + cos6 x = --------------------------- + --------------------------- =
2 3 2 2 3 2 2
=5 3
--- + --- cos 4x.
5. ) -n + --- ; n + 5 2
-------- , n Z; ) -n + --- ; n + -------- , n Z; 8 8
6 6 3 3
17. n + 1 1 1 1
--- arccos --- ; (n + 1) --- arccos ---- , n Z. ,
) -n --- ; n + --- , n Z; ) -n + --- ; n + 5
-------- , n Z. 2 3 2 3
4 4 6 6
8 sin6 x cos6 x = (2 sin2 x cos2 x)(4 sin4 x + 2 sin2 x cos2 x +
6. ) 2n + arcsin 1 5 1
--- ; 2n + --- c 2n + ------- ; 2n + arcsin --- , + cos4 x). , 4 sin4 x + 2 sin2 x cos2 x + cos4 x > 0
3 6 6 3
x R.
n Z; ) -2n arccos 1 2 4
--- ; 2n + ------- c 2n + ------- ; 2n + + 18. n --- ; n ---- c n + --- ; n + ---- , n Z.
4 3 3 4 6 6 4
+ arccos 1
---- , n Z; ) (n arctg2; n + arctg 3), n Z;
4 19. 2n --- + arcsin 2 2 3 2 2
----------- ; 2n + ------- arcsin ------------ c (2n + 1);
4 3 4 3
) (n + arcctg 1,5; n + arcctg 4), n Z.
2n + 3
-------- , n Z. sin x + cos x = y.
7. ---- + 2n; 2 2 2
------- + 2n , n Z. 8. 2n ------- ; 2n + ------- , n Z.
2
3 3 3 3
20. arctg ( 2 1); --- c + arctg ( 2 1); 5
------- .
4 4
9. n arctg 2; n + --- , n Z.
3
51 51
21. n + arcsin ----------------
- ; (n + 1) arcsin ----------------- , n Z.
2 2
10. n; n + ---- c n + 3
------- ; (n + 1) , n Z.
2 4
22. 2n 7
------- ; 2n + --- , n Z. 23. --- + n ; --- + n , n Z.
6 6 4 2
11. --- + 2n; --- + 2n c -5 5
------- + 2n; ------- + 2n , n Z.
4 6 6 4
24. -n + 1 3
--- ; n + --- , n Z. 25. [4n22; (2n + 1)22], n Z0.
4 4
12. -2n 1 7
--- ; 2n + --- , n Z. cos x =
8 8
26. --- ; --- c --- ( 4n + 1 ) ; --- ( 4n 1 ) c --- ( 4n 1 ) ;
2 2 2 2 2
= sin ---- x . 13. n 5 ( n + 1 )
------- + ------- ; ---------------------- + ------ , n Z. ,
2 2 24 2 24
--- ( 4n + 1 ) , n N.
2
cos3x sin 3x + cos 3x sin3x = 3
--- sin 4x.
4 27. 1
--- ; 1 . 28. --- + n; --- + n , n Z.
3 6 6
14. --- + n c n --- ; n --- c -n + --- ; n + --- , n Z. 29. (; 0), x = n, n N.
2 4 6 6 4 x
32. y = tg
----------- -
, cos x cos 2x cos 3x = x
cos 2x + cos 4x
= cos 2x ---------------------------------------- cos 2x ( 2cos 2 2x + cos 2x 1 )
- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0; --- .
2 2 2
316 317
4. ) -n + --- ; n + - , n Z; ) -n + --- ; n + --- , n Z; 15. {R}, x = 3 3n n n
------- + ----------- , n Z. 16. --- + ------- ; --- + ------- ,
2 4 2 4 2 8 2 8 2
3 3
) -n 1 n
------- + --- --- arcctg 2; ------- + ---- , n Z. n Z.
1 cos 2x 1 + cos 2x
, sin6 x + cos6 x = --------------------------- + --------------------------- =
2 3 2 2 3 2 2
=5 3
--- + --- cos 4x.
5. ) -n + --- ; n + 5 2
-------- , n Z; ) -n + --- ; n + -------- , n Z; 8 8
6 6 3 3
17. n + 1 1 1 1
--- arccos --- ; (n + 1) --- arccos ---- , n Z. ,
) -n --- ; n + --- , n Z; ) -n + --- ; n + 5
-------- , n Z. 2 3 2 3
4 4 6 6
8 sin6 x cos6 x = (2 sin2 x cos2 x)(4 sin4 x + 2 sin2 x cos2 x +
6. ) 2n + arcsin 1 5 1
--- ; 2n + --- c 2n + ------- ; 2n + arcsin --- , + cos4 x). , 4 sin4 x + 2 sin2 x cos2 x + cos4 x > 0
3 6 6 3
x R.
n Z; ) -2n arccos 1 2 4
--- ; 2n + ------- c 2n + ------- ; 2n + + 18. n --- ; n ---- c n + --- ; n + ---- , n Z.
4 3 3 4 6 6 4
+ arccos 1
---- , n Z; ) (n arctg2; n + arctg 3), n Z;
4 19. 2n --- + arcsin 2 2 3 2 2
----------- ; 2n + ------- arcsin ------------ c (2n + 1);
4 3 4 3
) (n + arcctg 1,5; n + arcctg 4), n Z.
2n + 3
-------- , n Z. sin x + cos x = y.
7. ---- + 2n; 2 2 2
------- + 2n , n Z. 8. 2n ------- ; 2n + ------- , n Z.
2
3 3 3 3
20. arctg ( 2 1); --- c + arctg ( 2 1); 5
------- .
4 4
9. n arctg 2; n + --- , n Z.
3
51 51
21. n + arcsin ----------------
- ; (n + 1) arcsin ----------------- , n Z.
2 2
10. n; n + ---- c n + 3
------- ; (n + 1) , n Z.
2 4
22. 2n 7
------- ; 2n + --- , n Z. 23. --- + n ; --- + n , n Z.
6 6 4 2
11. --- + 2n; --- + 2n c -5 5
------- + 2n; ------- + 2n , n Z.
4 6 6 4
24. -n + 1 3
--- ; n + --- , n Z. 25. [4n22; (2n + 1)22], n Z0.
4 4
12. -2n 1 7
--- ; 2n + --- , n Z. cos x =
8 8
26. --- ; --- c --- ( 4n + 1 ) ; --- ( 4n 1 ) c --- ( 4n 1 ) ;
2 2 2 2 2
= sin ---- x . 13. n 5 ( n + 1 )
------- + ------- ; ---------------------- + ------ , n Z. ,
2 2 24 2 24
--- ( 4n + 1 ) , n N.
2
cos3x sin 3x + cos 3x sin3x = 3
--- sin 4x.
4 27. 1
--- ; 1 . 28. --- + n; --- + n , n Z.
3 6 6
14. --- + n c n --- ; n --- c -n + --- ; n + --- , n Z. 29. (; 0), x = n, n N.
2 4 6 6 4 x
32. y = tg
----------- -
, cos x cos 2x cos 3x = x
cos 2x + cos 4x
= cos 2x ---------------------------------------- cos 2x ( 2cos 2 2x + cos 2x 1 )
- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0; --- .
2 2 2
316 317
33. {n; n 1 1 + 2 sin
--- arccos -------------------------- | n Z} a 0; --- c IV
2 2 6
5
c 5
------- ; 4 , {n | n Z} a --- ; ------- .
6 6 6
2 cos
34. n; n 1
--- arccos ----------------------- | n Z a 1; --- ,
2 2 2
1.
{n | n Z} a --- ; 3- .
2 7
1. 60 /. 2. 2 /. 3. 60 /. 4. 39 ------ . 5. 4 /.
12
35. {n arctg cosec a 1 | n Z} a [2; ) c (2; 8);
6. 40 /, 120 /. 7. 36 / 64 /. 8. 20 /; 12 /.
a [; 2] .
9. 1 /. 10. 30 ; 6 /; 4 /. s -
, v1 v2 , A
B . , -
, , .
,
s 12 v 1 12 + s 6 v1
--------------- = ------ , ------------------------- = ------ .
12 v 2 s 12 + 6 v2
v
-----1- , s2
v2
30s = 0, s = 30. -
s + 6 = 6v1, s 6 = 6v2.
11. 8a ; 8a 8a
------- /; ------- /. 12. 10 . 13. 18 /.
3b 5b
t (t + t ) ls
14. l ----2- + 1- 2 1
; l2 ---------------------------------------------
- /; ----------------------------------
- /.
t1 t 1 ( lt 2 + ( s + l )t 1 ) lt 2 + ( s + l )t 1
15. 20 /; 15 /; 280 . 16. 0,5 (8 7 ) , 4,5 , 3,5 ,
9,5 , 0,5 (8 + 127 ) . 17. 10 /; 3 /. 18. 18 /; 24 /.
19. 5 /; 4 /. 20. 0,5(b + b 2 + 4ab ) . 21. (10 + 52 )
( 52 2) . 22. 15 : 8. 23. 4 . 24. 18 . 25. 10 .
s A B, u -
, v .
s s s s
------------- = ------------- = 13, ----------------- + ----------------- = 6.
u+v uv 2u + v 2u v
318 319
33. {n; n 1 1 + 2 sin
--- arccos -------------------------- | n Z} a 0; --- c IV
2 2 6
5
c 5
------- ; 4 , {n | n Z} a --- ; ------- .
6 6 6
2 cos
34. n; n 1
--- arccos ----------------------- | n Z a 1; --- ,
2 2 2
1.
{n | n Z} a --- ; 3- .
2 7
1. 60 /. 2. 2 /. 3. 60 /. 4. 39 ------ . 5. 4 /.
12
35. {n arctg cosec a 1 | n Z} a [2; ) c (2; 8);
6. 40 /, 120 /. 7. 36 / 64 /. 8. 20 /; 12 /.
a [; 2] .
9. 1 /. 10. 30 ; 6 /; 4 /. s -
, v1 v2 , A
B . , -
, , .
,
s 12 v 1 12 + s 6 v1
--------------- = ------ , ------------------------- = ------ .
12 v 2 s 12 + 6 v2
v
-----1- , s2
v2
30s = 0, s = 30. -
s + 6 = 6v1, s 6 = 6v2.
11. 8a ; 8a 8a
------- /; ------- /. 12. 10 . 13. 18 /.
3b 5b
t (t + t ) ls
14. l ----2- + 1- 2 1
; l2 ---------------------------------------------
- /; ----------------------------------
- /.
t1 t 1 ( lt 2 + ( s + l )t 1 ) lt 2 + ( s + l )t 1
15. 20 /; 15 /; 280 . 16. 0,5 (8 7 ) , 4,5 , 3,5 ,
9,5 , 0,5 (8 + 127 ) . 17. 10 /; 3 /. 18. 18 /; 24 /.
19. 5 /; 4 /. 20. 0,5(b + b 2 + 4ab ) . 21. (10 + 52 )
( 52 2) . 22. 15 : 8. 23. 4 . 24. 18 . 25. 10 .
s A B, u -
, v .
s s s s
------------- = ------------- = 13, ----------------- + ----------------- = 6.
u+v uv 2u + v 2u v
318 319
,
u
--- = x, u = xv -
v
3 1 1
--- = --------------- + --------------- ,
2sx 4sx 13 t 14 13
- : -------------------- = ------ , x.
, --------------- t ------ t ------
x 2 1 4x 2 1 6 15 12
30t2 121t + 91 = 0, t1 = 1
145 1
26. a ( 2 + 1) . 27. 10 ; 5 . 28. 3 6 -----------------------
-
6 ( ) t2 = 182
---------- . -
60
145 + 17 m ( p + n ) + 2np m ( p + n ) + 2np
--------------------------- . 29. ----------------------------------------- , ----------------------------------------- , ,
6 2p 2n
s t
m ( p + n ) + 2np = -------------------------- 2
- = ----- = 1 31 . 12,
----------------------------------------- . 30. 36 ; 45 . t , - 2 ( v1 + v2 ) 2
p+n
. - .
16v1 = v2t, 25v2 = v1t.
2. , , ,
v 2
, -----1- = 25
------ 1. 15 3. 2. 60%. 3. 25 ; 20 ; 30 . 4. 10 .
v2 16
5. 10 ; 15 . 6. 16 . 7. 6 . 8. 3 ; 6 ; 2 . 9. 14 ; 10,5 .
v
-----1- = 5
--- , t. 31. 3 . 32. 10 29 . 10. 1
--- [2(t + d) 2t 2 + 4d 2 ], 1
--- [2 (t d) 2t 2 + 4d 2 ].
v2 4 4 4
s A B, v1 v2 - , t > 4d > 0. 11. 40 ; 25 . 12. 45 -
, t - , 36 , 30 . 13. 50 3/. 14. 4,8 ; 4,8
. - 4 ; 6 . 15. 15 . x ,
: , p1 p2 -
.
s = (v1 + v2)t,
s = (2v1 + v2) t 14
------ , p1(x + 5) + p2x = 425,
15
2p1x = p2(x + 5),
s = (v1 + 2v2) t 13
------ . (p1 + p2)17 = 425.
12
,
x+5 50x
p1 = 25 ----------------
- ; p2 = ----------------- .
v1 v2 3x + 5 3x + 5
1
------------------ = --- ,
s t ,
2v 1 + v 2 1
---------------------- = --------------- , 3x2 41x 60 = 0, x = 15 (x = 4
--- -
s 14 3
t ------
15 60 ( p 65 ) 150 ( p 65 )
). 16. 2 . 17. 6 . 18. 10 . 19. ---------------------------
- ; -------------------------------- .
v 1 + 2v 2 7 ( 62 p ) 7 ( 62 p )
1
---------------------- = --------------- . ( q 70 )
s 13
t ------ 62 < p < 65. 20. 4
------------------------- .
12 90 q
320 321
,
u
--- = x, u = xv -
v
3 1 1
--- = --------------- + --------------- ,
2sx 4sx 13 t 14 13
- : -------------------- = ------ , x.
, --------------- t ------ t ------
x 2 1 4x 2 1 6 15 12
30t2 121t + 91 = 0, t1 = 1
145 1
26. a ( 2 + 1) . 27. 10 ; 5 . 28. 3 6 -----------------------
-
6 ( ) t2 = 182
---------- . -
60
145 + 17 m ( p + n ) + 2np m ( p + n ) + 2np
--------------------------- . 29. ----------------------------------------- , ----------------------------------------- , ,
6 2p 2n
s t
m ( p + n ) + 2np = -------------------------- 2
- = ----- = 1 31 . 12,
----------------------------------------- . 30. 36 ; 45 . t , - 2 ( v1 + v2 ) 2
p+n
. - .
16v1 = v2t, 25v2 = v1t.
2. , , ,
v 2
, -----1- = 25
------ 1. 15 3. 2. 60%. 3. 25 ; 20 ; 30 . 4. 10 .
v2 16
5. 10 ; 15 . 6. 16 . 7. 6 . 8. 3 ; 6 ; 2 . 9. 14 ; 10,5 .
v
-----1- = 5
--- , t. 31. 3 . 32. 10 29 . 10. 1
--- [2(t + d) 2t 2 + 4d 2 ], 1
--- [2 (t d) 2t 2 + 4d 2 ].
v2 4 4 4
s A B, v1 v2 - , t > 4d > 0. 11. 40 ; 25 . 12. 45 -
, t - , 36 , 30 . 13. 50 3/. 14. 4,8 ; 4,8
. - 4 ; 6 . 15. 15 . x ,
: , p1 p2 -
.
s = (v1 + v2)t,
s = (2v1 + v2) t 14
------ , p1(x + 5) + p2x = 425,
15
2p1x = p2(x + 5),
s = (v1 + 2v2) t 13
------ . (p1 + p2)17 = 425.
12
,
x+5 50x
p1 = 25 ----------------
- ; p2 = ----------------- .
v1 v2 3x + 5 3x + 5
1
------------------ = --- ,
s t ,
2v 1 + v 2 1
---------------------- = --------------- , 3x2 41x 60 = 0, x = 15 (x = 4
--- -
s 14 3
t ------
15 60 ( p 65 ) 150 ( p 65 )
). 16. 2 . 17. 6 . 18. 10 . 19. ---------------------------
- ; -------------------------------- .
v 1 + 2v 2 7 ( 62 p ) 7 ( 62 p )
1
---------------------- = --------------- . ( q 70 )
s 13
t ------ 62 < p < 65. 20. 4
------------------------- .
12 90 q
320 321
8. 3 . 9. 6 . s A B,
70 m q m 76 2
--- . 21. 25%. 22. 749 . .
3 u , v .
+1 :
23. 0,25 ; 1,75 . 24. 9k 12p
----------------- a%. 25. --------------------------------
- %.
k1 2 4a 7a + 3 s
--- = 24,
12a 2 p 12ap v
- % 26. 64; 46. 27. 63. 28. 863. 29. 36
- %; --------------------------------
--------------------------------
4a 2 7a + 3 4a 2 7a + 3 s s
------------- + ------------- l 10,
63. 30. 1998. x, y, z u () u+v uv
, , a: s s
----------------------- + ----------------------- m 7.
a = 1000x + 100y + 10z + u. 1, 4u + v 1, 4u v
a x, : s u
1) 100y + 10z + u + x l 1000, 2) 100y + 10z + u + x < 1000. - . --- = x (
------------
uv v
, , x, y, z u , - x > 1), :
y = 9, z = 9, u + x l 10 1000 m 100y +
s 1 1 s 1 1
+ 10z + u + x m 1010. a + x = 1000(x + 1) + b, b --- ------------- + ------------- l 10, --- ---------------------- + ---------------------- m 7.
v x+1 x1 v 1,4x + 1 1,4x 1
.
.
a + x = 1000x + b, = 100y + 10z + u + x. --s- = 24 x > 1, -
v
a = 2b, . . , :
1000x + 100y + 10z + u = 2 (100y + 10z + u + x),
5x2 24x 5 m 0,
1,96x2 9,6x 1 l 0.
998x = 100y + 10z + u.
x = 5.
100y + 10z + u m 999, -
s s 1 1
x = 1. 100y + 10z + u = 998, ------------- = --- ------------- = 24 ------------- = 6.
uv v x1 51
y = 9, z = 9, u = 8. 31. 17 34; 32. 297. 33. 69. 34. 64. 35. 45.
10. 11 , 7 , 10 , 2 . x
, y , z , t
3. .
. x + y + z + t = 30, 2x + 3y + 7z + 3t = 93, y > t = 2m,
y < z = 10k, m Z0, k Z0.
+ 61
1. 7842. 2. 4; 8
-------------------- . 3. 8. 4. (3; 5]. 5. 12. 6. 180 . x = 30 (y + z + l).
3
, y + 3t = 33 2z.
x . , y -
z; , z -
, 170 < xy < 195, xy = (x + 1)(y 2).
0, 10, 20, 30.
2
x = y------------
- . z = 0 , y < 0
2
; z = 20 z = 30 , -
, , 1 + 341 < y < 1 + 391 . 33 2z l 0. , z = 10.
y , y = 13 3t > t, 0 m t < 3,25. t = 0
: 19 20. - y = 13 > z ( ). ,
y = 20, x = 9, xy = 9 20 = 180. 7. 9 . t = 2 y = 13 6 = 7, x = 30 (7 + 10 + 2) = 11.
322 323
8. 3 . 9. 6 . s A B,
70 m q m 76 2
--- . 21. 25%. 22. 749 . .
3 u , v .
+1 :
23. 0,25 ; 1,75 . 24. 9k 12p
----------------- a%. 25. --------------------------------
- %.
k1 2 4a 7a + 3 s
--- = 24,
12a 2 p 12ap v
- % 26. 64; 46. 27. 63. 28. 863. 29. 36
- %; --------------------------------
--------------------------------
4a 2 7a + 3 4a 2 7a + 3 s s
------------- + ------------- l 10,
63. 30. 1998. x, y, z u () u+v uv
, , a: s s
----------------------- + ----------------------- m 7.
a = 1000x + 100y + 10z + u. 1, 4u + v 1, 4u v
a x, : s u
1) 100y + 10z + u + x l 1000, 2) 100y + 10z + u + x < 1000. - . --- = x (
------------
uv v
, , x, y, z u , - x > 1), :
y = 9, z = 9, u + x l 10 1000 m 100y +
s 1 1 s 1 1
+ 10z + u + x m 1010. a + x = 1000(x + 1) + b, b --- ------------- + ------------- l 10, --- ---------------------- + ---------------------- m 7.
v x+1 x1 v 1,4x + 1 1,4x 1
.
.
a + x = 1000x + b, = 100y + 10z + u + x. --s- = 24 x > 1, -
v
a = 2b, . . , :
1000x + 100y + 10z + u = 2 (100y + 10z + u + x),
5x2 24x 5 m 0,
1,96x2 9,6x 1 l 0.
998x = 100y + 10z + u.
x = 5.
100y + 10z + u m 999, -
s s 1 1
x = 1. 100y + 10z + u = 998, ------------- = --- ------------- = 24 ------------- = 6.
uv v x1 51
y = 9, z = 9, u = 8. 31. 17 34; 32. 297. 33. 69. 34. 64. 35. 45.
10. 11 , 7 , 10 , 2 . x
, y , z , t
3. .
. x + y + z + t = 30, 2x + 3y + 7z + 3t = 93, y > t = 2m,
y < z = 10k, m Z0, k Z0.
+ 61
1. 7842. 2. 4; 8
-------------------- . 3. 8. 4. (3; 5]. 5. 12. 6. 180 . x = 30 (y + z + l).
3
, y + 3t = 33 2z.
x . , y -
z; , z -
, 170 < xy < 195, xy = (x + 1)(y 2).
0, 10, 20, 30.
2
x = y------------
- . z = 0 , y < 0
2
; z = 20 z = 30 , -
, , 1 + 341 < y < 1 + 391 . 33 2z l 0. , z = 10.
y , y = 13 3t > t, 0 m t < 3,25. t = 0
: 19 20. - y = 13 > z ( ). ,
y = 20, x = 9, xy = 9 20 = 180. 7. 9 . t = 2 y = 13 6 = 7, x = 30 (7 + 10 + 2) = 11.
322 323
11. 11 , 5 . x , y .
, x > 25
------ ), -
7
x + y > 14, v = 25
------ t(v) .
7
2y < x + 18,
2x < y. 14. 6 /. t(v) = 6 2
--- + --- +
v 3
, x + y < 18. + 0,25v 2 6
--- + --- , v > 0, t(v) -
, : x + y = 15, x + y = 16 3 v
x + y = 17. . . 15. 0 , p [20; 100]; 0 3 (-
1) y = 15 x, ), p = 20; 3 , p (0; 20). 16. 62,5% 55%.
x , y z .
2 (15 x) < x + 18 15% , 3x + y
4 < x < 5.
2x < 15 x 3z = 0, z 0 z l x.
+ 10y + 14z 44z 19x
x , p(x) = 5 11x 5
-------------------------------------------- = --- --------------------------- =
. x+y+z 2 2z x
2) y = 16 x, x
44 ---
5 z x
- , 0 m --- m 1.
= --- ----------------
2(16 x) < x + 18, 2 x z
42 1
--- < x < 5 --- ; 2 ---
2x < 16 x 3 3 z
x
x = 5 : y = 16 5 = 11. p --- -
z
3) y = 17 x,
: x x 1
--- = 0 --- = 1. 17. 0 /2; 11 --- .
2(17 x) < x + 18, z z 3
51 2
--- < x < 5 --- .
2x < 17 x 3 3 4
, , x, -
s =
| v(t) | dt.
0
, . , - 18. 23 . 19. 7 . 20. 7 .
, x = 5, y = 11.
12. 5 4 25
--- . 13. ------ 3/. W (W > 0);
7 7
0, 3W 0, 7W
t(v) = -------------------------------------
- + ------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
30 + ( 30 3v ) 30 + ( 30 3v ) + ( 30 + 10v )
W 1 7
= ------ ---------------- + -------------------- .
10 20 v 90 + 7v
t(v):
W 1 49 25 25
t(v) = ------ ------------------------ ---------------------------2-- , t(v) = 0 v = ------ ; ------ (0; 10);
10 ( 20 v )2 ( 90 + 7v ) 7 7
v = 25 25
------ ( x < ------
7 7
324 325
11. 11 , 5 . x , y .
, x > 25
------ ), -
7
x + y > 14, v = 25
------ t(v) .
7
2y < x + 18,
2x < y. 14. 6 /. t(v) = 6 2
--- + --- +
v 3
, x + y < 18. + 0,25v 2 6
--- + --- , v > 0, t(v) -
, : x + y = 15, x + y = 16 3 v
x + y = 17. . . 15. 0 , p [20; 100]; 0 3 (-
1) y = 15 x, ), p = 20; 3 , p (0; 20). 16. 62,5% 55%.
x , y z .
2 (15 x) < x + 18 15% , 3x + y
4 < x < 5.
2x < 15 x 3z = 0, z 0 z l x.
+ 10y + 14z 44z 19x
x , p(x) = 5 11x 5
-------------------------------------------- = --- --------------------------- =
. x+y+z 2 2z x
2) y = 16 x, x
44 ---
5 z x
- , 0 m --- m 1.
= --- ----------------
2(16 x) < x + 18, 2 x z
42 1
--- < x < 5 --- ; 2 ---
2x < 16 x 3 3 z
x
x = 5 : y = 16 5 = 11. p --- -
z
3) y = 17 x,
: x x 1
--- = 0 --- = 1. 17. 0 /2; 11 --- .
2(17 x) < x + 18, z z 3
51 2
--- < x < 5 --- .
2x < 17 x 3 3 4
, , x, -
s =
| v(t) | dt.
0
, . , - 18. 23 . 19. 7 . 20. 7 .
, x = 5, y = 11.
12. 5 4 25
--- . 13. ------ 3/. W (W > 0);
7 7
0, 3W 0, 7W
t(v) = -------------------------------------
- + ------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
30 + ( 30 3v ) 30 + ( 30 3v ) + ( 30 + 10v )
W 1 7
= ------ ---------------- + -------------------- .
10 20 v 90 + 7v
t(v):
W 1 49 25 25
t(v) = ------ ------------------------ ---------------------------2-- , t(v) = 0 v = ------ ; ------ (0; 10);
10 ( 20 v )2 ( 90 + 7v ) 7 7
v = 25 25
------ ( x < ------
7 7
324 325
V ) arcsin x + 1 1+x
--- ln ------------- + C.
2 1x
. 1 x2 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- = -------------------- + ---------------2- = -------------------- + --- ------------- + -------------- .
-----------------------------
2 1x 1+x
1 x2 1 x2 1x 1 x2
2x 3 x e 4x + x 2 e x e x
- + C; ) ------------ + C; ) --------------------- + C; ) C ex; ) -------------------- +
10. ) ---------
ln 2 ln 3 2 2
+
ex e x x
1. - + C. 11. ) C 2cos x; ) C 6cos --- ; ) C cos x
+ C; ) -------------------
2 2
1. ) 2x + C; ) x 1,5x2 + C; ) (2x 1)2 + C. 2. ) C x
3
------ ;
--- ; ) 1 x
--- cos 10x + ---- + C. 12. ) 4sin x + C; ) C 10 sin --- ;
3 3 2 8 5
x3
- 2x2
) ----- 3 x + C; ) 2(3x + 2)3 + C. 3. ) 0,5x2 0,75x4 + C; ) 2sin x 2 x sin 2x
--- + ---- + C; ) --- sin (7x 1) + C. 13. ) --- ----------------- + C.
3 2 6 7 2 4
2 x6 x3 x5 ( 3x 4 ) 101 ( 1 5x ) 8 cos 2x
) x
------ + ------ + C; ) ------ ------ + C; ) ------------------------------ + C; ) C ------------------------- . sin2x = 1 sin 4x
--------------------------- ; ) x ----------------- + C;
4 6 3 5 303 40 2 4
1 + x2
4. ) C --1- ; ) 1 1 1
--- x2 ---------2- + C; ) 2x2 -------------------------- + C; ) -----------------------
- + ) 1 1
--- sin 4x + --- sin 6x + C. 2 cos x
x 2 2x 2 ( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 x2 )2 4 6
x
+ C. 5. ) ------- + C; ) 3 x2 4
--- x 3 x x + C; ) ------ + --- x 4 x 3 + C; cos 5x = cos 4x + cos 6x; ) 1 1 1
--- sin 3x ------ sin 11x + C; ) --- cos 5x
2 4 2 7 3 11 5
1 1 1
) x 7
--- 7 x 55
--- x + 66
--- x + C; ) 2
--- (x + 2) x + 2 + C; ------ cos 11x + C; ) ------ cos 10x ------ cos 12x + C. 14. ) 3
--- tg 4x + C;
8 6 7 3 11 10 12 4
4x 5 ) 5 4x
) (------------------------------------------- 1
- + C. 6. ) 2 ln | x | + C; ) C --- ln |x|; ) ln | 1
) 4 ctg x
--- + C; ) tg x x + C. 1 +
6 2 2
1
x | + C; ) 3
--- ln |4x 1| + C. 7. ) ln x +1 x
------------- + C; ) ln ------------- + C.
+ tg2 x = --------------
2
- ; ) C ctg x x. 15. ) x3 2x. F(x) =
4 x1 x+1 cos x
1 1 1 1
- = --- ------------- ; ) --- ln x
, ---------------------
x(x + 1) x x+1
+1
------------- + ;
3 x+4
= (3x2 2)dx = x3 2x + ; F(2) = 23 2 2 + C = 4, C = 0;
x
2x + 3 ---
) ln | x2 + 3x | + C. , -------------------- = ) x + sin x + 1
--- sin 2x + 1; ) 3sin x + 2cos x 2; ) 2e 2 + 1.
x 2 + 3x 2
x+x+3 1 1 x
- = ------------- + --- . 8. ) arctg x + C; ) arctg --- + C.
= ---------------------- -
x(x + 3) x+3 x 2
2
--------------- 1 1 1
- = --- ---------------------2- ; ) 3arctg x --- + C. - 2. .
2 x +4 2 x x .
1 + ---
2
4x 2 + 1 3 1
- = ---------------2- + -----2- ; ) ln |x| + 2 arctg x + C.
---------------------------
2 x (1 + x )
2 1+x x 1. ) arcsin2 x; ) sin8 x + 1 + x 4 . 2. ) {4; 1}.
(x + + 1 ) + 2x
1)2 ( x2 1 2 , f'(x) = x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) 24;
------------------------
- = ----------------------------------
- = --- + ---------------2- .
2 x(1 + x ) 2 ( x + 1 )x x 1+x
) n n n
------- + --- n Z0 ; ) ------- + --- ; n --- n Z ; ) -------
9. ) 4arcsin x + C; ) 1
--- arccos 2x + C; 2 4 4 8 3 2
2
326 327
V ) arcsin x + 1 1+x
--- ln ------------- + C.
2 1x
. 1 x2 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- = -------------------- + ---------------2- = -------------------- + --- ------------- + -------------- .
-----------------------------
2 1x 1+x
1 x2 1 x2 1x 1 x2
2x 3 x e 4x + x 2 e x e x
- + C; ) ------------ + C; ) --------------------- + C; ) C ex; ) -------------------- +
10. ) ---------
ln 2 ln 3 2 2
+
ex e x x
1. - + C. 11. ) C 2cos x; ) C 6cos --- ; ) C cos x
+ C; ) -------------------
2 2
1. ) 2x + C; ) x 1,5x2 + C; ) (2x 1)2 + C. 2. ) C x
3
------ ;
--- ; ) 1 x
--- cos 10x + ---- + C. 12. ) 4sin x + C; ) C 10 sin --- ;
3 3 2 8 5
x3
- 2x2
) ----- 3 x + C; ) 2(3x + 2)3 + C. 3. ) 0,5x2 0,75x4 + C; ) 2sin x 2 x sin 2x
--- + ---- + C; ) --- sin (7x 1) + C. 13. ) --- ----------------- + C.
3 2 6 7 2 4
2 x6 x3 x5 ( 3x 4 ) 101 ( 1 5x ) 8 cos 2x
) x
------ + ------ + C; ) ------ ------ + C; ) ------------------------------ + C; ) C ------------------------- . sin2x = 1 sin 4x
--------------------------- ; ) x ----------------- + C;
4 6 3 5 303 40 2 4
1 + x2
4. ) C --1- ; ) 1 1 1
--- x2 ---------2- + C; ) 2x2 -------------------------- + C; ) -----------------------
- + ) 1 1
--- sin 4x + --- sin 6x + C. 2 cos x
x 2 2x 2 ( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 x2 )2 4 6
x
+ C. 5. ) ------- + C; ) 3 x2 4
--- x 3 x x + C; ) ------ + --- x 4 x 3 + C; cos 5x = cos 4x + cos 6x; ) 1 1 1
--- sin 3x ------ sin 11x + C; ) --- cos 5x
2 4 2 7 3 11 5
1 1 1
) x 7
--- 7 x 55
--- x + 66
--- x + C; ) 2
--- (x + 2) x + 2 + C; ------ cos 11x + C; ) ------ cos 10x ------ cos 12x + C. 14. ) 3
--- tg 4x + C;
8 6 7 3 11 10 12 4
4x 5 ) 5 4x
) (------------------------------------------- 1
- + C. 6. ) 2 ln | x | + C; ) C --- ln |x|; ) ln | 1
) 4 ctg x
--- + C; ) tg x x + C. 1 +
6 2 2
1
x | + C; ) 3
--- ln |4x 1| + C. 7. ) ln x +1 x
------------- + C; ) ln ------------- + C.
+ tg2 x = --------------
2
- ; ) C ctg x x. 15. ) x3 2x. F(x) =
4 x1 x+1 cos x
1 1 1 1
- = --- ------------- ; ) --- ln x
, ---------------------
x(x + 1) x x+1
+1
------------- + ;
3 x+4
= (3x2 2)dx = x3 2x + ; F(2) = 23 2 2 + C = 4, C = 0;
x
2x + 3 ---
) ln | x2 + 3x | + C. , -------------------- = ) x + sin x + 1
--- sin 2x + 1; ) 3sin x + 2cos x 2; ) 2e 2 + 1.
x 2 + 3x 2
x+x+3 1 1 x
- = ------------- + --- . 8. ) arctg x + C; ) arctg --- + C.
= ---------------------- -
x(x + 3) x+3 x 2
2
--------------- 1 1 1
- = --- ---------------------2- ; ) 3arctg x --- + C. - 2. .
2 x +4 2 x x .
1 + ---
2
4x 2 + 1 3 1
- = ---------------2- + -----2- ; ) ln |x| + 2 arctg x + C.
---------------------------
2 x (1 + x )
2 1+x x 1. ) arcsin2 x; ) sin8 x + 1 + x 4 . 2. ) {4; 1}.
(x + + 1 ) + 2x
1)2 ( x2 1 2 , f'(x) = x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) 24;
------------------------
- = ----------------------------------
- = --- + ---------------2- .
2 x(1 + x ) 2 ( x + 1 )x x 1+x
) n n n
------- + --- n Z0 ; ) ------- + --- ; n --- n Z ; ) -------
9. ) 4arcsin x + C; ) 1
--- arccos 2x + C; 2 4 4 8 3 2
2
326 327
) 16,5 8 ln 2; ) 48 ln 2 11,25; ) 20
------ ; ) ln 2. 17. ) 4 ln 3;
1
--- arccos 2a 1
----------------- n Z a [1; 2]; a [1; 2] 3
4 3
12 2 21
) 1 3e
--- ln ------ . 18. ---------------------------- ; 8 .
1
y = --1- y = ----------------
- -
; ) n + (1)n --- n Z . 3. ) 33 3
--- ; 6 8 5 x 2x 1
6 4
O1(1; 1):
7 3 11
) 0; ) 1; ) ; ) 2. 4. 1
--- ; 2. 5. (0; 4). 6. --- ; ------- ; ------- ; ---------- . 1 1
--- = ----------------- .
2 2 6 2 6 x 2x 1
x = a: 1
--- < a < 1, 1 < a < 2 a > 2.
7. 1
--- . 2
4
1) 1
--- < a < 1,
2
EO1F AO1B (. 16):
3. 1 2
4 1
---------------- --1-- dx + 1
--1- ----------------
- dx.
ln ------
- =
5 2x 1- x x 2x 1
a 1
1. ) 1 9
--- ; ) 4; ) --- ; y; ) 25
------ .
2 8 2
y
F
3x 4y = 11, 3x 4y = 11, x + 7y = 13, y= 1
2x 1 , x > 12
4x + 3y = 27; x + 7y = 13; 4x + 3y = 27.
E
1 O1
2. ) 64 32 1 1
------ ; ) 18; ) 90; ) 8; ) ------ ; ) 4,5. 3. ) 4,5; ) 4; ) 57 --- . y= x
3 3 6
B
, - C
A
r {0; 4}; ) 1 37 19
--- ; ) ------ . 4. ------ . D
6 48 24 O 1 a 1 2 a x
2
2
5. 9 125
--- . 6. 0,5. 7. ---------- . 8. --- . 9. {1;
3
8 17 }. . 16
8 2 3
,
c < 1 c > 1. 10. ) 23 5 ln 28 3
------ ; ) --- ln 2; ) 12 5 ln 5;
5 4 1 2
4 1
53 51 ln ------ 2x 1
- = --- ln ----------------
- +1 x2
--- ln ----------------
- =
) 2 23275 3
--------------------- + ln ----------------- . 11. ) 4; ) 3; ) ----------------- . 12. 4 ln --- 1,5. 5 2 x2 a
2 2x 1 1
2 2 4 2
1 2a 1
=1 1
--- ln 1 --- ln 1 --- ln ----------------
1 4
- + --- ln --- ,
49 2 2 2
2 a 2 3
13. 1
--- ; ------ . c < 4 c > 4. 14. ) 7 1
--- ; ) --- ;
4 4 6 3
a2
) 8 548 2 5 1 13
--- ; ) ---------- . 15. ) 9; ) 2 --- ; ) 35 ------ . 16. ) --- + ln 2; ) ------ 4 ln 2;
ln 2 3 1
----------- = --- ln ----------------- . (1)
9 3 3 24 3 3 5 2 2a 1
328 329
) 16,5 8 ln 2; ) 48 ln 2 11,25; ) 20
------ ; ) ln 2. 17. ) 4 ln 3;
1
--- arccos 2a 1
----------------- n Z a [1; 2]; a [1; 2] 3
4 3
12 2 21
) 1 3e
--- ln ------ . 18. ---------------------------- ; 8 .
1
y = --1- y = ----------------
- -
; ) n + (1)n --- n Z . 3. ) 33 3
--- ; 6 8 5 x 2x 1
6 4
O1(1; 1):
7 3 11
) 0; ) 1; ) ; ) 2. 4. 1
--- ; 2. 5. (0; 4). 6. --- ; ------- ; ------- ; ---------- . 1 1
--- = ----------------- .
2 2 6 2 6 x 2x 1
x = a: 1
--- < a < 1, 1 < a < 2 a > 2.
7. 1
--- . 2
4
1) 1
--- < a < 1,
2
EO1F AO1B (. 16):
3. 1 2
4 1
---------------- --1-- dx + 1
--1- ----------------
- dx.
ln ------
- =
5 2x 1- x x 2x 1
a 1
1. ) 1 9
--- ; ) 4; ) --- ; y; ) 25
------ .
2 8 2
y
F
3x 4y = 11, 3x 4y = 11, x + 7y = 13, y= 1
2x 1 , x > 12
4x + 3y = 27; x + 7y = 13; 4x + 3y = 27.
E
1 O1
2. ) 64 32 1 1
------ ; ) 18; ) 90; ) 8; ) ------ ; ) 4,5. 3. ) 4,5; ) 4; ) 57 --- . y= x
3 3 6
B
, - C
A
r {0; 4}; ) 1 37 19
--- ; ) ------ . 4. ------ . D
6 48 24 O 1 a 1 2 a x
2
2
5. 9 125
--- . 6. 0,5. 7. ---------- . 8. --- . 9. {1;
3
8 17 }. . 16
8 2 3
,
c < 1 c > 1. 10. ) 23 5 ln 28 3
------ ; ) --- ln 2; ) 12 5 ln 5;
5 4 1 2
4 1
53 51 ln ------ 2x 1
- = --- ln ----------------
- +1 x2
--- ln ----------------
- =
) 2 23275 3
--------------------- + ln ----------------- . 11. ) 4; ) 3; ) ----------------- . 12. 4 ln --- 1,5. 5 2 x2 a
2 2x 1 1
2 2 4 2
1 2a 1
=1 1
--- ln 1 --- ln 1 --- ln ----------------
1 4
- + --- ln --- ,
49 2 2 2
2 a 2 3
13. 1
--- ; ------ . c < 4 c > 4. 14. ) 7 1
--- ; ) --- ;
4 4 6 3
a2
) 8 548 2 5 1 13
--- ; ) ---------- . 15. ) 9; ) 2 --- ; ) 35 ------ . 16. ) --- + ln 2; ) ------ 4 ln 2;
ln 2 3 1
----------- = --- ln ----------------- . (1)
9 3 3 24 3 3 5 2 2a 1
328 329
(1) 2
EO1F ln 2 3
----------- > 0- .
24. ) 4. , S = | sin x | dx = sin x dx +
5 0 0
2
a2 12 2+ 3
----------------- = ------ , 1 3 1
2a 1 5 + (sin x) dx; ) ----------
3 2
- ; ) 2
4
- . 25. ) ------- + sin 1 --- ;
2 ; ) --------------------
4 2
5a2 24a + 12 = 0, (2)
) 1 + --- cos 3 3 ; ) 2 2 2 2 2
----------- arcsin ----------- --- ; ) 2 + cos 2.
2 21 12 + 2 21
a1 = 12
---------------------------- , a2 = ---------------------------- . , - 3 3 3 3
5 5
1 26. ------ ; --- .
--- m k < ------
------ < k m --- .
--- < a < 1 a1. 18 9 6 18 18 6
2
2) 1 < a < 2, (
1 27. ------ ; --- .
--- < a < 1 , - 30 6
2
AO1B).
3) a > 2, - 28. ) . y = 4 x 2
ABCD (. . 16): [0; 2], -
a , - y
4 1
1 ---------------- 2
- dx.
ln ------
5
- =
--x- 2x 1
(3) y = 4 x 2 , x = 0, x = 2, y = 0,
2 A
(3) - 2 (. 17). , C B
O 3 2 x
8 22
15a2 128a + 64 = 0; a3 = 8; a4 = ------ . - -----
- = .
15 4 . 17
a4 a > 2, - 3 3
) 2
------------------------- . , I = SABC = SAOB
. , - 6
SAOC (. . 17).
2 21
a 12
---------------------------- ; 8 .
5
29. ) 2 ln 2 1. I = SBCD = y
18 ln 2 = SOAB SABDO (. 18).
19. ) log3 e; ) log4 e; ) 30 1
------------------------------ ; ) 8 -1 ------ ln 3- . A B
ln 2 81 OABC ln 2
34 ABDO. OABC - D C
20. ) 2e3 + 1; ) e-------------- 33 360
- ; ) ------ + e5; ) e2 2. 21. ---------- 162. , SOABC = 2BC, BC = ln 2;, -
O 1 2 x
4 e 2 ln 3
k m SOABC = 2 ln 2. . 18
k + m = 34, 31k + m = 14. ABDO , -
x = ey 0 ln 2 (
e4
22. 4log 5 ------ . b O A ):
27
tg (arctg 40 ln 5) = 5b ln 5. ln 2
23. 3,5 12ln 4
--- .
SABDO =
eydy = eln 2 1 = 1.
3 0
330 331
(1) 2
EO1F ln 2 3
----------- > 0- .
24. ) 4. , S = | sin x | dx = sin x dx +
5 0 0
2
a2 12 2+ 3
----------------- = ------ , 1 3 1
2a 1 5 + (sin x) dx; ) ----------
3 2
- ; ) 2
4
- . 25. ) ------- + sin 1 --- ;
2 ; ) --------------------
4 2
5a2 24a + 12 = 0, (2)
) 1 + --- cos 3 3 ; ) 2 2 2 2 2
----------- arcsin ----------- --- ; ) 2 + cos 2.
2 21 12 + 2 21
a1 = 12
---------------------------- , a2 = ---------------------------- . , - 3 3 3 3
5 5
1 26. ------ ; --- .
--- m k < ------
------ < k m --- .
--- < a < 1 a1. 18 9 6 18 18 6
2
2) 1 < a < 2, (
1 27. ------ ; --- .
--- < a < 1 , - 30 6
2
AO1B).
3) a > 2, - 28. ) . y = 4 x 2
ABCD (. . 16): [0; 2], -
a , - y
4 1
1 ---------------- 2
- dx.
ln ------
5
- =
--x- 2x 1
(3) y = 4 x 2 , x = 0, x = 2, y = 0,
2 A
(3) - 2 (. 17). , C B
O 3 2 x
8 22
15a2 128a + 64 = 0; a3 = 8; a4 = ------ . - -----
- = .
15 4 . 17
a4 a > 2, - 3 3
) 2
------------------------- . , I = SABC = SAOB
. , - 6
SAOC (. . 17).
2 21
a 12
---------------------------- ; 8 .
5
29. ) 2 ln 2 1. I = SBCD = y
18 ln 2 = SOAB SABDO (. 18).
19. ) log3 e; ) log4 e; ) 30 1
------------------------------ ; ) 8 -1 ------ ln 3- . A B
ln 2 81 OABC ln 2
34 ABDO. OABC - D C
20. ) 2e3 + 1; ) e-------------- 33 360
- ; ) ------ + e5; ) e2 2. 21. ---------- 162. , SOABC = 2BC, BC = ln 2;, -
O 1 2 x
4 e 2 ln 3
k m SOABC = 2 ln 2. . 18
k + m = 34, 31k + m = 14. ABDO , -
x = ey 0 ln 2 (
e4
22. 4log 5 ------ . b O A ):
27
tg (arctg 40 ln 5) = 5b ln 5. ln 2
23. 3,5 12ln 4
--- .
SABDO =
eydy = eln 2 1 = 1.
3 0
330 331
y
I = 2 ln 2 1. VI
) --- 1.
2
2
x = sin y S (. 19). .
: . .
--- ---
2 2
S = 1 dy sin y dy = --- 1.
2
0 0
O 1 x
1.
30. ) F(x) = 2x3 x2 + 3x + 1; ) F(x) =
. 19 = cos 2x + x3 + 4. 1. )
3 , -
31. ) 62,5. : S = 3
(6 + N, n > N -
2
+x x2 ) dx. ) 9
--- . : 1
2 --- 0 < . (1)
3
n
S = (3x x2) dx. ) 7
--- . :
6 n > 1
--- .
0
1 2
n , 1
--- , (1) , . . N
S=
x dx + (2 x) dx. 32. ) (4 ln 2)1 (4 3 3 2 ).
0 1
1 1
0 --- , --- 1
--- . -
2 x
0 0
(4x 1 4x
--- 2 x) dx = ---------- + --------------
1
S=
2 ln 4 2 ln 2 1
2 ln 2
- (4x + 2x)
= -------------
1
=
, N , n > N = 1
1 --- --- ---
---
3
3 3
1 1 1 (1) , -
--- --- ---
1 3 1 3 1 3 . . N
- (2 2 (1 + 21)) = -------------- 2 --- 2 =
3 3
= -------------
- (2 4 2 ) = -------------
2 ln 2 2 ln 2 2 ln 2 2
, 1
--- ;
1
1 1
4 ln 2
- (4 3 3 2 ). ) e --- .
= -------------
2
, S = (ex
) , N
2
------------ , > 0;
0
2
) , lim qn = 0, 0 < q < 1.
x + 1) dx; ) 4
---
3
, S = (2x x2) dx.
n
0
2. I . { x n } -
, m M,
n N m m xn m M. -
m M .
n
+ ( 1 )
1 - ;
-----------------------
2
n
332 333
y
I = 2 ln 2 1. VI
) --- 1.
2
2
x = sin y S (. 19). .
: . .
--- ---
2 2
S = 1 dy sin y dy = --- 1.
2
0 0
O 1 x
1.
30. ) F(x) = 2x3 x2 + 3x + 1; ) F(x) =
. 19 = cos 2x + x3 + 4. 1. )
3 , -
31. ) 62,5. : S = 3
(6 + N, n > N -
2
+x x2 ) dx. ) 9
--- . : 1
2 --- 0 < . (1)
3
n
S = (3x x2) dx. ) 7
--- . :
6 n > 1
--- .
0
1 2
n , 1
--- , (1) , . . N
S=
x dx + (2 x) dx. 32. ) (4 ln 2)1 (4 3 3 2 ).
0 1
1 1
0 --- , --- 1
--- . -
2 x
0 0
(4x 1 4x
--- 2 x) dx = ---------- + --------------
1
S=
2 ln 4 2 ln 2 1
2 ln 2
- (4x + 2x)
= -------------
1
=
, N , n > N = 1
1 --- --- ---
---
3
3 3
1 1 1 (1) , -
--- --- ---
1 3 1 3 1 3 . . N
- (2 2 (1 + 21)) = -------------- 2 --- 2 =
3 3
= -------------
- (2 4 2 ) = -------------
2 ln 2 2 ln 2 2 ln 2 2
, 1
--- ;
1
1 1
4 ln 2
- (4 3 3 2 ). ) e --- .
= -------------
2
, S = (ex
) , N
2
------------ , > 0;
0
2
) , lim qn = 0, 0 < q < 1.
x + 1) dx; ) 4
---
3
, S = (2x x2) dx.
n
0
2. I . { x n } -
, m M,
n N m m xn m M. -
m M .
n
+ ( 1 )
1 - ;
-----------------------
2
n
332 333
2 1 11. lim yn = b, lim (yn) = b (. -
n = 2k 1, x2k 1 = 0; n = 2k, x2k = --------------
- = ---------2- ,
2 ( 2k ) 2k ). -
k N, m ,
(, m = 2). M , lim (xn + (yn)) =
, . , x2k 1 = 0 < 1 x2k = n
1 = lim xn + lim (yn) = lim xn lim yn = a b.
- < 1 k N. , 2 m xn m 1 -
= ---------
2 n n n n
2k
n N, - 12. ) ;
. ) , . ,
II .
1) an = --1- , bn = (1)n; lim (anbn) = 0, . .
( - n n
), , lim 1 + ( 1 ) n {anbn} ;
- = 0, , -
-----------------------
n n2 +1
2) an = n
------------- , bn = (1)n -
. n
{anbn} .
3. ), ), ), ), ). 4. -
), ). 13. ) ; ) . , an = (1)n, bn = (1)n + 1,
an + bn = 0, lim (an + bn) = 0, anbn = (1)2n + 1 = 1 lim (anbn) = 1.
5. , , {xn}, xn = (1)n - + ( 1 ) n 1 ( 1 )n
14. . , an = 1
------------------------ , bn = ------------------------ ; -
, . 2 2
. 15. ),
6. (xn) , ), ). 16. ), ). ). 17.
5n
L > 0 n , {xn}, xn = ------------
- , , -
n+2
|xn| > L.
n 5n
, xn > 0, ------------
- < 1, ------------- < 5 1. -
+2 2 3n 2 n+2 n+2
7. ) lim n
------------- lim -------------------
- ; )
n n1 n n2 + 1 , n N 0 < xn < 5, . .
1 n
n1 . -
lim --- lim ---------------
- . 8. , . , xn =
n 2 n n2 1
n + n2 1 + 5n 3 5(n + 1) 5n 52
= (1)n, y = (1)n + 1. 9. ) lim 1 - lim -------------------
------------------------- -; xn + 1 xn = ---------------------------
(n + 1) + 2
- ------------- = ------------------------------------- ,
n+2 (n + 3)(n + 2)
n 2 n n n +33
1 n7 n N, , -
) lim 15 + -----
- lim ------------- .
n n2 n n+6 .
18. , 1 < xn < 1,5 xn + 1 xn < 0.
10. {zn}, zn = cxn, c -
, : lim cxn = c lim xn. = 1, -
n n 19. ; , xn = --1- , y = (1)nn, -
n
lim (xn) = lim xn = a.
n n xnyn = (1)n .
334 335
2 1 11. lim yn = b, lim (yn) = b (. -
n = 2k 1, x2k 1 = 0; n = 2k, x2k = --------------
- = ---------2- ,
2 ( 2k ) 2k ). -
k N, m ,
(, m = 2). M , lim (xn + (yn)) =
, . , x2k 1 = 0 < 1 x2k = n
1 = lim xn + lim (yn) = lim xn lim yn = a b.
- < 1 k N. , 2 m xn m 1 -
= ---------
2 n n n n
2k
n N, - 12. ) ;
. ) , . ,
II .
1) an = --1- , bn = (1)n; lim (anbn) = 0, . .
( - n n
), , lim 1 + ( 1 ) n {anbn} ;
- = 0, , -
-----------------------
n n2 +1
2) an = n
------------- , bn = (1)n -
. n
{anbn} .
3. ), ), ), ), ). 4. -
), ). 13. ) ; ) . , an = (1)n, bn = (1)n + 1,
an + bn = 0, lim (an + bn) = 0, anbn = (1)2n + 1 = 1 lim (anbn) = 1.
5. , , {xn}, xn = (1)n - + ( 1 ) n 1 ( 1 )n
14. . , an = 1
------------------------ , bn = ------------------------ ; -
, . 2 2
. 15. ),
6. (xn) , ), ). 16. ), ). ). 17.
5n
L > 0 n , {xn}, xn = ------------
- , , -
n+2
|xn| > L.
n 5n
, xn > 0, ------------
- < 1, ------------- < 5 1. -
+2 2 3n 2 n+2 n+2
7. ) lim n
------------- lim -------------------
- ; )
n n1 n n2 + 1 , n N 0 < xn < 5, . .
1 n
n1 . -
lim --- lim ---------------
- . 8. , . , xn =
n 2 n n2 1
n + n2 1 + 5n 3 5(n + 1) 5n 52
= (1)n, y = (1)n + 1. 9. ) lim 1 - lim -------------------
------------------------- -; xn + 1 xn = ---------------------------
(n + 1) + 2
- ------------- = ------------------------------------- ,
n+2 (n + 3)(n + 2)
n 2 n n n +33
1 n7 n N, , -
) lim 15 + -----
- lim ------------- .
n n2 n n+6 .
18. , 1 < xn < 1,5 xn + 1 xn < 0.
10. {zn}, zn = cxn, c -
, : lim cxn = c lim xn. = 1, -
n n 19. ; , xn = --1- , y = (1)nn, -
n
lim (xn) = lim xn = a.
n n xnyn = (1)n .
334 335
20. 2. {xn} {yn}, 1 1 1 1
34. ) 1. , ---------------------
- = --- ------------- ; ) --- ;
+1 n3 n(n + 1) n n+1 2
xn = 2n
----------------- yn = ------------- , . -
n+2 n+4 ) 1
--- . ) ) -
2
1
n 2 + --- .
2n + 1 n
{xn} lim xn = lim ----------------- = lim ------------------------ = 35. 1, b > 1; 0, | b | = 1; 1, 0 < | b | < 1.
n n n+2 n 2
n 1 + ---
n
1
2 + --- 2.
+0
= lim ------------n- = 2 1 2
------------- = 2 lim --- = 0 lim --- = 0 . -
n 2 1+0 n n n n
1 + --- 1. . , 1 + 4(n 1) = 10 091
n
.
{yn}: lim yn = 1. - 2. 13. 3. 99 270. 4. 16; 12; 8; ...; 16; 20. a1 -
n
, , d .
, .
a1 + a2 + ... + an 2 + an 1 = 0,
4
5 ------ a2 + a3 + ... + an 1 + an = 36,
5n 3 4 1 n3
21. 0. -------------------
- --- ----------------
n4 + 6 n
1 + ------
6 a10 a6 = 16.
n3
(a1 + 9d) (a1 + 5d) = 16, . .
. d = 4. ; -
a1 an = 36, d(n 1) = 36, (4)(n 1) = 36 n = 10.
22. 5 1 1 3
--- . 23. --- . 24. ------ . 25. --- . a1 -
3 5 27 4
:
n sin n 1 sin n a1 + an 1 a1 + a1 4 ( 9 1 )
26. 0. ----------------
- --- ---------------- -
2 n +1 n 1 -------------------------- (n 1) = ----------------------------------------------- 9 = 0; a1 = 16.
1 + ------ 2 2
n2
sin n 5. 11; 13; 15 ; ...; 29, 31. 6. 1; 3; 5; ...; 17, 19. 7. 7. 8. 8;
- . 27. 4. 28. 0.
, ---------------
1 12; 16; ... . ,
1 + ------
n2
a2 = a1 + d = 12,
n! n!
, ------------------------------- = ----------------------------------- = a +a
( n + 1 )! n! n! ( n + 1 ) n! 1 9
200 < ------------------ 9 < 220.
n! 2
= --------------------------------- = --1- .
n! ( n + 1 1 ) n
a1 d -
29. 0. 30. 1. 31. 3 3
--- . 32. --- . , : 200 < 2 ( 12 d ) + 8d
--------------------------------------- 9 < 220.
4 2 2
+1
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n n 4
------------- . 33. --- . , 3 11 4
------ < d < 4 ------ . -
2 3 27 27
+1 , d
12 + 22 + ... + n2 = n(n + 1) 2n
----------------- .
6 . d = 4;
336 337
20. 2. {xn} {yn}, 1 1 1 1
34. ) 1. , ---------------------
- = --- ------------- ; ) --- ;
+1 n3 n(n + 1) n n+1 2
xn = 2n
----------------- yn = ------------- , . -
n+2 n+4 ) 1
--- . ) ) -
2
1
n 2 + --- .
2n + 1 n
{xn} lim xn = lim ----------------- = lim ------------------------ = 35. 1, b > 1; 0, | b | = 1; 1, 0 < | b | < 1.
n n n+2 n 2
n 1 + ---
n
1
2 + --- 2.
+0
= lim ------------n- = 2 1 2
------------- = 2 lim --- = 0 lim --- = 0 . -
n 2 1+0 n n n n
1 + --- 1. . , 1 + 4(n 1) = 10 091
n
.
{yn}: lim yn = 1. - 2. 13. 3. 99 270. 4. 16; 12; 8; ...; 16; 20. a1 -
n
, , d .
, .
a1 + a2 + ... + an 2 + an 1 = 0,
4
5 ------ a2 + a3 + ... + an 1 + an = 36,
5n 3 4 1 n3
21. 0. -------------------
- --- ----------------
n4 + 6 n
1 + ------
6 a10 a6 = 16.
n3
(a1 + 9d) (a1 + 5d) = 16, . .
. d = 4. ; -
a1 an = 36, d(n 1) = 36, (4)(n 1) = 36 n = 10.
22. 5 1 1 3
--- . 23. --- . 24. ------ . 25. --- . a1 -
3 5 27 4
:
n sin n 1 sin n a1 + an 1 a1 + a1 4 ( 9 1 )
26. 0. ----------------
- --- ---------------- -
2 n +1 n 1 -------------------------- (n 1) = ----------------------------------------------- 9 = 0; a1 = 16.
1 + ------ 2 2
n2
sin n 5. 11; 13; 15 ; ...; 29, 31. 6. 1; 3; 5; ...; 17, 19. 7. 7. 8. 8;
- . 27. 4. 28. 0.
, ---------------
1 12; 16; ... . ,
1 + ------
n2
a2 = a1 + d = 12,
n! n!
, ------------------------------- = ----------------------------------- = a +a
( n + 1 )! n! n! ( n + 1 ) n! 1 9
200 < ------------------ 9 < 220.
n! 2
= --------------------------------- = --1- .
n! ( n + 1 1 ) n
a1 d -
29. 0. 30. 1. 31. 3 3
--- . 32. --- . , : 200 < 2 ( 12 d ) + 8d
--------------------------------------- 9 < 220.
4 2 2
+1
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n n 4
------------- . 33. --- . , 3 11 4
------ < d < 4 ------ . -
2 3 27 27
+1 , d
12 + 22 + ... + n2 = n(n + 1) 2n
----------------- .
6 . d = 4;
336 337
3 11 4
------ ; 4 ------- . -
27 27 2
a 7 25d2 = 1,
: a1 = 12 4 = 8.
2
a 7 9d2 = b,
9. 4. 10. 5; 9; 13; ... . 11. a1 = 4; d = 5. 12. 1 1 1
--- ; --- ; --- .
9 6 3
x, y, z ; b1 9 25b 9
a 7 = 25b
2
d2 = ------------ -------------------- ; a7 = ------------------------ .
16 16 4
x + y + z = 0,6(1) = 11
------ ; 2
18 d2 l 0, a7 l 0,
1 1 1
--- + --- + --- = 18,
x y z b 1 l 0 (1) 25b 9 l 0 (2).
1 1 2 (1) (2),
--- + --- = ---
x z y
b (1; +). b -
, . .
( --1- ; 1 1
--- ; --- .). -
x y z , -
.
, y = 1
--- . -
6 39 34 29b
15. 116k 3 9
--------------------------- k -6; --- . 16. ----------------------- b 1; --- .
y , - 90 2 10 4
a +a a +a
1 n n+1 2n
17. (p + q). 18. 6. - n = ----------------------------- n,
, ------------------
x+z= 4
--- , 2 4
9
a1 + an = 1
--- (an + 1 + a2n).
x+z 2
------------ = 12,
xz :
( a 1 + a 3n )3n a 1 + a n 3 ( a 1 + a 3n )2 2a 1 + d ( 3n 1 )
, z = 4
--- x ----------------------------------- : ------------------- n = ---------------------------------- = 6 ---------------------------------------------------- = 6.
9 2 2 a n + 1 + a 2n 2a 1 + d ( n + 2n 1 )
.
19. 1; 0; 1; 2. a d, a, a + d a + 2d
. , . -
3a 2a a 3a 2a a
13. ----------
- ; ----------- ; ----------- ... ----------- , ----------- , ----------- , ... . , a:
28 28 28 28 28 28
(a d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = (a + 2d), 3a2 a + 2d2 2d = 0;
25b 9
14. -----------------------
- b (1; +). , 1 24d 2 + 24d + 1
4 a = ----------------------------------------------------------- . (1)
6
,
a2a12 = 1, a4a10 = b.
168 12 + 168
24d2 + 24d + 1 l 0, 12
--------------------------- m d m --------------------------- .
a7 = a1 + 6d, a1 = a7 6d 24 24
: 0 1.
(a7 5d)(a7 + 5d) = 1, , -
. d = 1 (1) a = 0, a d = 1;
(a7 3d)(a7 + 3d) = b a + d = 1, a + 2d = 2.
338 339
3 11 4
------ ; 4 ------- . -
27 27 2
a 7 25d2 = 1,
: a1 = 12 4 = 8.
2
a 7 9d2 = b,
9. 4. 10. 5; 9; 13; ... . 11. a1 = 4; d = 5. 12. 1 1 1
--- ; --- ; --- .
9 6 3
x, y, z ; b1 9 25b 9
a 7 = 25b
2
d2 = ------------ -------------------- ; a7 = ------------------------ .
16 16 4
x + y + z = 0,6(1) = 11
------ ; 2
18 d2 l 0, a7 l 0,
1 1 1
--- + --- + --- = 18,
x y z b 1 l 0 (1) 25b 9 l 0 (2).
1 1 2 (1) (2),
--- + --- = ---
x z y
b (1; +). b -
, . .
( --1- ; 1 1
--- ; --- .). -
x y z , -
.
, y = 1
--- . -
6 39 34 29b
15. 116k 3 9
--------------------------- k -6; --- . 16. ----------------------- b 1; --- .
y , - 90 2 10 4
a +a a +a
1 n n+1 2n
17. (p + q). 18. 6. - n = ----------------------------- n,
, ------------------
x+z= 4
--- , 2 4
9
a1 + an = 1
--- (an + 1 + a2n).
x+z 2
------------ = 12,
xz :
( a 1 + a 3n )3n a 1 + a n 3 ( a 1 + a 3n )2 2a 1 + d ( 3n 1 )
, z = 4
--- x ----------------------------------- : ------------------- n = ---------------------------------- = 6 ---------------------------------------------------- = 6.
9 2 2 a n + 1 + a 2n 2a 1 + d ( n + 2n 1 )
.
19. 1; 0; 1; 2. a d, a, a + d a + 2d
. , . -
3a 2a a 3a 2a a
13. ----------
- ; ----------- ; ----------- ... ----------- , ----------- , ----------- , ... . , a:
28 28 28 28 28 28
(a d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = (a + 2d), 3a2 a + 2d2 2d = 0;
25b 9
14. -----------------------
- b (1; +). , 1 24d 2 + 24d + 1
4 a = ----------------------------------------------------------- . (1)
6
,
a2a12 = 1, a4a10 = b.
168 12 + 168
24d2 + 24d + 1 l 0, 12
--------------------------- m d m --------------------------- .
a7 = a1 + 6d, a1 = a7 6d 24 24
: 0 1.
(a7 5d)(a7 + 5d) = 1, , -
. d = 1 (1) a = 0, a d = 1;
(a7 3d)(a7 + 3d) = b a + d = 1, a + 2d = 2.
338 339
np ( 1 + np ) t ,
20. 13. 21. ----------------------------- . 22. 2,4. 23. a1 = 8, q = 2. 24. 39 10,5.
2 . t,
A 12 S v2 v 1 v 3
2
v1 v1 v3
25. 4. 26. 2; 6; 18; ... 18; 6; 2; ... . 27. 3 ---- . 28. ----------- . 29. ------2 .
------------------------- = ------------------------- = v1 = 600.
B 100 S1
q v 1 v3 v 1 v3
33. , S2n Sn = an + 1 + an + 2 + ...
a1 + a3 + ... + a999 = S1,
a2 + a4 + ... a1000 = S2. 1 qn 1 qn 2 1029
... + a2n = an + 1 ---------------
- ; S3n S2n = a2n + 1 ---------------- . 34. 3 --- . 35. ------------- .
1q 1q 3 38
q: a1, a2, ..., an
a1q + a3q + ... + a999q = a2 + a4 + ... + a1000 = S1q. k k k
. , a 1 , a 2 , a n ,
S ... | k N, . -
S2 = S1q, . 30. ------2 .
S1 , ai + 1 = aiq | i N,
31. 6. a1 , q - k
k k a
, n . i+1
a i + 1 = a i qk -----------
- = qk = const,
k
a1 + a1qn 1 = 66, ai
2 -
a 1 qn 1 = 128,
i. , -
1q n -
a1 ---------------
- = 126.
1q .
a1 ,
a1 7
2 2 ------------ = --- ,
a 1 qn 1 = 128, a 1 66a1 + 128 = 0; (a1)1 = 64 (a1)2 = 2. 1q 2
1
(qn 1)1 = ------ (qn 1)2 = 32. 2
a1 147
32 --------------- = ---------- ,
qn = (qn 1)q, , a1 1 q2 16
qn 1
, -
a1 = 3, q = 1
--- ( -
: q1 = 1
--- , q2 = 2. ,
7
2
q1 . ). a1 q
2n 1 = 32 = 25, . 3
1 a
--------------- , .
32. 600 /. v1, v2, v3 (/) 1q 3
, .
3 31 3 3+1
2
, v3 < v1 < v2, . . v 1 = v2v3. , 36. 100
---------- . 37. --------------------- --------------------- . 38. 405; 270; 180; ... .
3 2 3 2 3
v2t = v1t + 400, 39. 2
--- . 40. 27 3. 41. 2; 5; 8. 42. 7; 14; 21. 43. 2,5 22,5.
3
v1t = v3 t 2
--- , 44. 931. 45. 4; 20; 100 4 52 676 4 20
--- ; ------ ; ---------- . 46. 4; 12; 36 --- ; ------ ;
3 9 9 9 9 9
340 341
np ( 1 + np ) t ,
20. 13. 21. ----------------------------- . 22. 2,4. 23. a1 = 8, q = 2. 24. 39 10,5.
2 . t,
A 12 S v2 v 1 v 3
2
v1 v1 v3
25. 4. 26. 2; 6; 18; ... 18; 6; 2; ... . 27. 3 ---- . 28. ----------- . 29. ------2 .
------------------------- = ------------------------- = v1 = 600.
B 100 S1
q v 1 v3 v 1 v3
33. , S2n Sn = an + 1 + an + 2 + ...
a1 + a3 + ... + a999 = S1,
a2 + a4 + ... a1000 = S2. 1 qn 1 qn 2 1029
... + a2n = an + 1 ---------------
- ; S3n S2n = a2n + 1 ---------------- . 34. 3 --- . 35. ------------- .
1q 1q 3 38
q: a1, a2, ..., an
a1q + a3q + ... + a999q = a2 + a4 + ... + a1000 = S1q. k k k
. , a 1 , a 2 , a n ,
S ... | k N, . -
S2 = S1q, . 30. ------2 .
S1 , ai + 1 = aiq | i N,
31. 6. a1 , q - k
k k a
, n . i+1
a i + 1 = a i qk -----------
- = qk = const,
k
a1 + a1qn 1 = 66, ai
2 -
a 1 qn 1 = 128,
i. , -
1q n -
a1 ---------------
- = 126.
1q .
a1 ,
a1 7
2 2 ------------ = --- ,
a 1 qn 1 = 128, a 1 66a1 + 128 = 0; (a1)1 = 64 (a1)2 = 2. 1q 2
1
(qn 1)1 = ------ (qn 1)2 = 32. 2
a1 147
32 --------------- = ---------- ,
qn = (qn 1)q, , a1 1 q2 16
qn 1
, -
a1 = 3, q = 1
--- ( -
: q1 = 1
--- , q2 = 2. ,
7
2
q1 . ). a1 q
2n 1 = 32 = 25, . 3
1 a
--------------- , .
32. 600 /. v1, v2, v3 (/) 1q 3
, .
3 31 3 3+1
2
, v3 < v1 < v2, . . v 1 = v2v3. , 36. 100
---------- . 37. --------------------- --------------------- . 38. 405; 270; 180; ... .
3 2 3 2 3
v2t = v1t + 400, 39. 2
--- . 40. 27 3. 41. 2; 5; 8. 42. 7; 14; 21. 43. 2,5 22,5.
3
v1t = v3 t 2
--- , 44. 931. 45. 4; 20; 100 4 52 676 4 20
--- ; ------ ; ---------- . 46. 4; 12; 36 --- ; ------ ;
3 9 9 9 9 9
340 341
100 1 1 1 5x2
---------- . 47. 2 3 . 48. 4; 20; 100 5; 20; 35 100; 20; 4 101; = -----------------------------------
- = ------ . 11. --- . lim --------------------------
- =
9 (2 + 2)(2 + 2) 16 2 x1 2x1
20, 61. 49. 5; 5; 5 10 15
------ ; 5; ------ . 50. 2. 51. 3; 6; 9; 12. 52. 1; 4; 5 x 4)( 2 x + 1) 2x+1
3 2 = lim (----------------------------------------------------------- 1 1
- = lim --------------------------- = --- . 12. ------------------------ .
x 1 (2 x 1)( 5 x + 2) x1 5x+2 2 4a a b
16; 64. 53. 2; 5; 8; ... 3; 6; 12; ... 25 79 83 2 25
------ ; ------ ; ------ ; ... --- ; ------ ;
2 6 6 3 3 xb + ab.
625 1 1
---------- ; ... . 54. 6; 54. 55. 1210. 56. b = --- , q = --- . 57. 2; 4; 8; 12 3 x1 (x 1 )( 3
+ x + 1)x2 3
6 3 3 13. --- . lim -----------------
- = lim ----------------------------------------------------------- =
2 x13 x1 x1 (x 1)( x + 1)
25 15 9 3 2 1
------ ; ------ ; --- ; --- . 58. b1 = 405, q = --- . 59. b1 = 2, q = --- . 60. 3; 6;
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3
x + x+1 3
12 12; 6; 3. = lim -----------------------------------
- = --- .
x1 x+1 2
1+x 1x 1 + x (1 x)
14. 1,2. lim -----------------------------------------
- = lim -----------------------------------------
3. . x03 1+x 1x x0 1+x+ 1x
2
( 3 1 + x + 1 x ) ( 3 ( 1 x) 4 + ( 1 x ) 3 ( 1 + x )2 + ( 1 x ) )
x2 1 (x 1)(x + 1) x+1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
1. 2
--- . lim ----------------------------- 2
- = lim ----------------------------------------- = lim ----------------- = --- . ( 1 + x 1 x ) ( 3 1 + x + 1 x ) ( 3 ( 1 + x )4 + ( 1 x ) 3 ( 1 + x )2 + ( 1 x )2 )
3
3 x 1 2x x 1
2 x1 1 x 1 2x + 1 3
2 ( x 1 ) x + ---
2 ( 3 1 + x + 1 x ) ( 3 ( 1 + x )4 + ( 1 x )3 ( 1 + x )2 + ( 1 x )2 )
= lim 2x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
x0 ( 1 + x + 1 x ) ( ( 1 + x )2 ( 1 x )3 )
2. 3
--- . .
2 2(1 + 1)(1 + 1 + 1) 6
3. 7,2. 4. 3. . = -------------------------------------------------
- = --- .
(1 + 1)(2 + 3) 5
5. 1,2. lim --1- = 0, x = 1
--- ,
xx y 15. a2. .
1
b2 + y2 2by
3
---
2
-----2- + 1 4 a = b, 4 x = y, ------------------ -------------------------------------------------
- =
3x 2x 2 + 1 y y by 3 y by + b y b
2 2 3
lim ----------------
- -----------------------------
- = lim ------------- -------------------------- =
x 5x 1 x 2 + 2x 1 y 0 5 1 2
--- 1 -----2- + --- 1 by 2by 1 log 4 a 4
y y y = -----------------
- ----------------------------------------
- = ------------ . 2 = a = b,
2b +y 2 (y b)(b + y )
2 2 by
3 2 + y2 3
- ----------------------------2- = --- 2 = 1,2.
= lim ------------ b y b = y = 4 x.
y0 5y 1 + 2y y 5
: lim ( 4 x )8 = lim x 2 = a2.
6. 2
--- . x = 1
--- . 7. 3. xa xa
9 y
x
---
. 8. 3
--- . 9. 3. 16. 8. 2
2 2x + 23 x 6
= y, lim -----------------------------------
- =
4 x y2 ---
2
2 x x ( x3 1 ) 2 21 x
lim x
-------------------- = lim --------------------------------- = lim x (x + x + 1) = 3.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 8
y 2 + ------ 6
y2 y 4 6y 2 + 8 ( y 2 ) ( y + 2 ) ( y2 2 )
3x 2 x2 ( 3x 2 ) = lim ---------------------------
- = lim -------------------------------- = lim --------------------------------------------------------- =
1
10. ------ . lim x
------------------------------
- = lim --------------------------------------------------------- = y2 1 2 y2 y2 y2 y2
16 x2 2 x 4 x 2 (x2 4 )(x + 3x 2 ) --- -----2-
y y
(x 2)(x 1) x1
= lim ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = lim ------------------------------------------------------
- = = lim (y + 2)(y2 2) = 4 2 = 8.
x 2 (x 2)(x + 2)(x + 3x 2 ) x 2 (x + 2)(x + 3x 2 ) y2
342 343
100 1 1 1 5x2
---------- . 47. 2 3 . 48. 4; 20; 100 5; 20; 35 100; 20; 4 101; = -----------------------------------
- = ------ . 11. --- . lim --------------------------
- =
9 (2 + 2)(2 + 2) 16 2 x1 2x1
20, 61. 49. 5; 5; 5 10 15
------ ; 5; ------ . 50. 2. 51. 3; 6; 9; 12. 52. 1; 4; 5 x 4)( 2 x + 1) 2x+1
3 2 = lim (----------------------------------------------------------- 1 1
- = lim --------------------------- = --- . 12. ------------------------ .
x 1 (2 x 1)( 5 x + 2) x1 5x+2 2 4a a b
16; 64. 53. 2; 5; 8; ... 3; 6; 12; ... 25 79 83 2 25
------ ; ------ ; ------ ; ... --- ; ------ ;
2 6 6 3 3 xb + ab.
625 1 1
---------- ; ... . 54. 6; 54. 55. 1210. 56. b = --- , q = --- . 57. 2; 4; 8; 12 3 x1 (x 1 )( 3
+ x + 1)x2 3
6 3 3 13. --- . lim -----------------
- = lim ----------------------------------------------------------- =
2 x13 x1 x1 (x 1)( x + 1)
25 15 9 3 2 1
------ ; ------ ; --- ; --- . 58. b1 = 405, q = --- . 59. b1 = 2, q = --- . 60. 3; 6;
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3
x + x+1 3
12 12; 6; 3. = lim -----------------------------------
- = --- .
x1 x+1 2
1+x 1x 1 + x (1 x)
14. 1,2. lim -----------------------------------------
- = lim -----------------------------------------
3. . x03 1+x 1x x0 1+x+ 1x
2
( 3 1 + x + 1 x ) ( 3 ( 1 x) 4 + ( 1 x ) 3 ( 1 + x )2 + ( 1 x ) )
x2 1 (x 1)(x + 1) x+1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
1. 2
--- . lim ----------------------------- 2
- = lim ----------------------------------------- = lim ----------------- = --- . ( 1 + x 1 x ) ( 3 1 + x + 1 x ) ( 3 ( 1 + x )4 + ( 1 x ) 3 ( 1 + x )2 + ( 1 x )2 )
3
3 x 1 2x x 1
2 x1 1 x 1 2x + 1 3
2 ( x 1 ) x + ---
2 ( 3 1 + x + 1 x ) ( 3 ( 1 + x )4 + ( 1 x )3 ( 1 + x )2 + ( 1 x )2 )
= lim 2x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
x0 ( 1 + x + 1 x ) ( ( 1 + x )2 ( 1 x )3 )
2. 3
--- . .
2 2(1 + 1)(1 + 1 + 1) 6
3. 7,2. 4. 3. . = -------------------------------------------------
- = --- .
(1 + 1)(2 + 3) 5
5. 1,2. lim --1- = 0, x = 1
--- ,
xx y 15. a2. .
1
b2 + y2 2by
3
---
2
-----2- + 1 4 a = b, 4 x = y, ------------------ -------------------------------------------------
- =
3x 2x 2 + 1 y y by 3 y by + b y b
2 2 3
lim ----------------
- -----------------------------
- = lim ------------- -------------------------- =
x 5x 1 x 2 + 2x 1 y 0 5 1 2
--- 1 -----2- + --- 1 by 2by 1 log 4 a 4
y y y = -----------------
- ----------------------------------------
- = ------------ . 2 = a = b,
2b +y 2 (y b)(b + y )
2 2 by
3 2 + y2 3
- ----------------------------2- = --- 2 = 1,2.
= lim ------------ b y b = y = 4 x.
y0 5y 1 + 2y y 5
: lim ( 4 x )8 = lim x 2 = a2.
6. 2
--- . x = 1
--- . 7. 3. xa xa
9 y
x
---
. 8. 3
--- . 9. 3. 16. 8. 2
2 2x + 23 x 6
= y, lim -----------------------------------
- =
4 x y2 ---
2
2 x x ( x3 1 ) 2 21 x
lim x
-------------------- = lim --------------------------------- = lim x (x + x + 1) = 3.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 8
y 2 + ------ 6
y2 y 4 6y 2 + 8 ( y 2 ) ( y + 2 ) ( y2 2 )
3x 2 x2 ( 3x 2 ) = lim ---------------------------
- = lim -------------------------------- = lim --------------------------------------------------------- =
1
10. ------ . lim x
------------------------------
- = lim --------------------------------------------------------- = y2 1 2 y2 y2 y2 y2
16 x2 2 x 4 x 2 (x2 4 )(x + 3x 2 ) --- -----2-
y y
(x 2)(x 1) x1
= lim ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = lim ------------------------------------------------------
- = = lim (y + 2)(y2 2) = 4 2 = 8.
x 2 (x 2)(x + 2)(x + 3x 2 ) x 2 (x + 2)(x + 3x 2 ) y2
342 343
sin x ---
x
2 sin --- --- cos --- ---
x 22. 1
--- . :
1 3 2 6 2 6 2
17. ------- . lim ------------------------------ = lim -------------------------------------------------------------------- =
1 2 cos x
3 x --- x --- 2 cos --- cos x x 2 + 3x 1 x 2 + 3x 1 sin x
- tg x = ------------------------------------ ------------- .
-----------------------------
3 3 3 ( x)(x + 2) x
x + 2x
2 cos
x x x
sin --- --- cos --- --- cos --- --- 23. 5. x 1 = y ,
2 6 2 6 2 6 cos 0
= lim ------------------------------------------------------------------- = lim ----------------------------------- = ----------------------------------- = sin y
x x x lim -----------
- = 1.
x --- 2 sin --- --- sin --- + --- x --
- 2 sin --- + --- 2 sin --- + --- y0 y
3 2 6 2 6 3 2 6 6 6
1
= ----------- 1
= ------
-. 24. 1. 25. 25
------ . 26. 0 n = 1; 4,9 n = 2.
6
3 3
2 -------
2 27. sin a. sin (a + 2x) sin (a + x)
sin (a + x) + sin a .
tg x tg 2 x tg 2 ---
3 x 3tg x 3
18. 24. lim tg
----------------------------------- = lim ---------------------------------------------------- = 1 + tg x 1 + sin x ( 1 + tg x ) ( 1 + sin x )
x --- cos x + --
28. 1
--- . lim ---------------------------------------------------------
- = lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------- =
- x --- cos x + --- 4 x0 x 3 x 0 x 3 ( 1 + tg x + 1 + sin x )
3 6 3 6
tg x ( 1 cos 2 x )
tg x sin x + ---
= lim -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- =
tg x sin x + --- sin x ------ 3 x 0 x 3 ( 1 + cos x ) ( 1 + tg x + 1 + sin x )
= lim 3 3 = 4 lim --------------------------------------------
- = 4 3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- cos 2 x 3x
x ---
3 cos x + -- 2 2
x --- = lim sin 1
--------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
- cos xcos --- 3 x 0 x3 cos x ( 1 + cos x ) ( 1 + tg x + 1 + sin x )
6 3
1 1
= ---------------------------------------
- = --- .
4 ------3- = 24. 1 (1 + 1)(1 + 1) 4
2
19. 2
------- . lim 1 4sin 2 x
----------------------------- = 4 ( 0, 25 sin x ) 2
lim ---------------------------------------------------------
- = 29. 1
--- . f (x)
2
3 cos 3x 4 cos x ( cos x 0, 75 ) 2
x --- x ---
6 6 3 3
1 + x 2 1 + 1 4 1 2x 1 + x2 1 1 4 1 2x
1 2 f(x) = --------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------------------
- + -------------------------------
-.
= lim ------------
- = ------- . x+x 2 x+x 2 x+x 2
cos x 3
x ---
6 :
sin 2x 2 sin 2x 3
20. 0,4. - = lim --- ----------------- . 2x = y,
lim ---------------- 1+x 1 2 1+x 1 2
x0 5x x05 2x lim f1(x) = ------------------------------
- = lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
x0 2x+x x 0 x ( x + 1 ) ( 3 ( 1 + x2 )2 + 3 1 + x2 + 1 )
sin 2x sin y 2
lim ----------------
- = lim ------------ = 1. --- 1, x 2
x0 2x y0 y 5 = lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = 0;
x 0 x ( x + 1) (3 ( 1 + x2)2 + 3 1 + x2 + 1)
.
21. 8
--- . sin 8x ctg 3x 1 4 1 2x
lim f2(x) = lim -------------------------------
- =
3 x0 x0 x(1 + x)
8 sin 8x 3x sin 8x 3x 1 ( 1 2x ) 2 1
--- ----------------- ----------------- cos 3x, lim ----------------- , lim ----------------- , = lim -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ---------------------------------------- = --- .
3 8x sin 3x x 0 8x x 0 sin 3x x 0 x ( 1 + x ) ( 1 + 4 1 2x ) ( 1 + 1 2x ) 1(1 + 1)(1 + 1) 2
lim cos 3x -
x0
lim f(x) = lim f1(x) + lim f2(x) = 0 + 1 1
--- = --- .
, . x0 x0 x0 2 2
344 345
sin x ---
x
2 sin --- --- cos --- ---
x 22. 1
--- . :
1 3 2 6 2 6 2
17. ------- . lim ------------------------------ = lim -------------------------------------------------------------------- =
1 2 cos x
3 x --- x --- 2 cos --- cos x x 2 + 3x 1 x 2 + 3x 1 sin x
- tg x = ------------------------------------ ------------- .
-----------------------------
3 3 3 ( x)(x + 2) x
x + 2x
2 cos
x x x
sin --- --- cos --- --- cos --- --- 23. 5. x 1 = y ,
2 6 2 6 2 6 cos 0
= lim ------------------------------------------------------------------- = lim ----------------------------------- = ----------------------------------- = sin y
x x x lim -----------
- = 1.
x --- 2 sin --- --- sin --- + --- x --
- 2 sin --- + --- 2 sin --- + --- y0 y
3 2 6 2 6 3 2 6 6 6
1
= ----------- 1
= ------
-. 24. 1. 25. 25
------ . 26. 0 n = 1; 4,9 n = 2.
6
3 3
2 -------
2 27. sin a. sin (a + 2x) sin (a + x)
sin (a + x) + sin a .
tg x tg 2 x tg 2 ---
3 x 3tg x 3
18. 24. lim tg
----------------------------------- = lim ---------------------------------------------------- = 1 + tg x 1 + sin x ( 1 + tg x ) ( 1 + sin x )
x --- cos x + --
28. 1
--- . lim ---------------------------------------------------------
- = lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------- =
- x --- cos x + --- 4 x0 x 3 x 0 x 3 ( 1 + tg x + 1 + sin x )
3 6 3 6
tg x ( 1 cos 2 x )
tg x sin x + ---
= lim -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- =
tg x sin x + --- sin x ------ 3 x 0 x 3 ( 1 + cos x ) ( 1 + tg x + 1 + sin x )
= lim 3 3 = 4 lim --------------------------------------------
- = 4 3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- cos 2 x 3x
x ---
3 cos x + -- 2 2
x --- = lim sin 1
--------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
- cos xcos --- 3 x 0 x3 cos x ( 1 + cos x ) ( 1 + tg x + 1 + sin x )
6 3
1 1
= ---------------------------------------
- = --- .
4 ------3- = 24. 1 (1 + 1)(1 + 1) 4
2
19. 2
------- . lim 1 4sin 2 x
----------------------------- = 4 ( 0, 25 sin x ) 2
lim ---------------------------------------------------------
- = 29. 1
--- . f (x)
2
3 cos 3x 4 cos x ( cos x 0, 75 ) 2
x --- x ---
6 6 3 3
1 + x 2 1 + 1 4 1 2x 1 + x2 1 1 4 1 2x
1 2 f(x) = --------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------------------
- + -------------------------------
-.
= lim ------------
- = ------- . x+x 2 x+x 2 x+x 2
cos x 3
x ---
6 :
sin 2x 2 sin 2x 3
20. 0,4. - = lim --- ----------------- . 2x = y,
lim ---------------- 1+x 1 2 1+x 1 2
x0 5x x05 2x lim f1(x) = ------------------------------
- = lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
x0 2x+x x 0 x ( x + 1 ) ( 3 ( 1 + x2 )2 + 3 1 + x2 + 1 )
sin 2x sin y 2
lim ----------------
- = lim ------------ = 1. --- 1, x 2
x0 2x y0 y 5 = lim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = 0;
x 0 x ( x + 1) (3 ( 1 + x2)2 + 3 1 + x2 + 1)
.
21. 8
--- . sin 8x ctg 3x 1 4 1 2x
lim f2(x) = lim -------------------------------
- =
3 x0 x0 x(1 + x)
8 sin 8x 3x sin 8x 3x 1 ( 1 2x ) 2 1
--- ----------------- ----------------- cos 3x, lim ----------------- , lim ----------------- , = lim -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ---------------------------------------- = --- .
3 8x sin 3x x 0 8x x 0 sin 3x x 0 x ( 1 + x ) ( 1 + 4 1 2x ) ( 1 + 1 2x ) 1(1 + 1)(1 + 1) 2
lim cos 3x -
x0
lim f(x) = lim f1(x) + lim f2(x) = 0 + 1 1
--- = --- .
, . x0 x0 x0 2 2
344 345
43. 3
--- .
30. ) {3; 3}; ) {0}; ) {0}; ) {0}; ) --- + n | n Z ; 5
2
2 n1 2 n
Sn = 1 2
--- + ... + (1)n 1 --- + (1)n --- .
) {n | n Z}. 31. 1. 32. 0. x = 2y; x = 2y, 3 3 3
1 sin x
--- 1 sin --- y
2 2
y 0 x . lim ----------------------
- = lim ------------------------------------- = 2 2 2 n 2 n+1
x x y0 2y Sn 2 2
--- = --- --- + ... + (1)n 1 --- + (1)n --- ;
3 3 3 3 3
y y
2 sin 2 --- sin --- 2 n+1
1 cos y
= lim ---------------------- = lim -------------------- = --- lim ------------- lim sin --y- = 1 0 = 0.
2 1 2 Sn -1 + 2 5
--- = --- Sn = 1 + (1)n --- ;
2y 2y 2 y0 y 2 3 3 3
y0 y0 y0
---
2 n+1
Sn = 3 2
--- -1 + (1)n --- . ,
5 3
33. 5 5
--- . 34. --- . , x < 0,
2 2
2 n + 1 2 n+1
lim Sn = lim 3
--- 1 + (1)n ---
=3
--- , lim --- = 0.
x = | x |. lim ( ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) + x) = n n5 3 5 n 3
x
6 44. ) A = 2; ) A = 0; ) A = 3.
5 ---
5x + 6 x
= lim --------------------------------------------------- = lim ------------------------------------------------------- = 5
--- .
x (x + 2)(x + 3) x x 2
1 + --2- 1 + --3- + 1
x x
35. 2
--- . lim x2( 3 1 + x 3 + 3
1 x3 ) =
3 x
2x 2
= lim -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
x 3 ( 1 + x 3 )2 3 ( 1 + x 3 ) ( 1 x 3 ) + 3 1 x 3
2
= lim ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =2
--- .
x 1 2 1 1 1 2 3
-----
- + 1 3 -----3- + 1 -----3- 1 + 3 -----3- 1
3 x2 x x x
36. 1. 37. 1. 38. 1. , x = |x|
x x
x < 0. 39. 1. - = lim -----2- ( 1 + x + x 2 +
lim -----------------------------------------------------
x + 1 + x + x2 x + 1 x + x
1 1 1 1
+ x + 1 ) = lim -----
- + --- + 1 + --- + -----2- = 1. 40. 1. 41. 2. 42. 1.
x + x2 x x x
2n 1
1 2
--- + -----2- + ... + ------------- =1 2
--- Sn, Sn = 1 + --- + ...
3 n
3 3 3 3
2 n1 2 2 2 n1 2 n
... + --- ; , Sn 2 2
--- = --- + --- + ... + --- + --- ,
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 n 1 2 n
Sn = Sn 2 1
--- = --- Sn = 1 --- ; lim --- Sn = lim 1 --- = 1.
3 3 3 n 3 n 3
346 347
43. 3
--- .
30. ) {3; 3}; ) {0}; ) {0}; ) {0}; ) --- + n | n Z ; 5
2
2 n1 2 n
Sn = 1 2
--- + ... + (1)n 1 --- + (1)n --- .
) {n | n Z}. 31. 1. 32. 0. x = 2y; x = 2y, 3 3 3
1 sin x
--- 1 sin --- y
2 2
y 0 x . lim ----------------------
- = lim ------------------------------------- = 2 2 2 n 2 n+1
x x y0 2y Sn 2 2
--- = --- --- + ... + (1)n 1 --- + (1)n --- ;
3 3 3 3 3
y y
2 sin 2 --- sin --- 2 n+1
1 cos y
= lim ---------------------- = lim -------------------- = --- lim ------------- lim sin --y- = 1 0 = 0.
2 1 2 Sn -1 + 2 5
--- = --- Sn = 1 + (1)n --- ;
2y 2y 2 y0 y 2 3 3 3
y0 y0 y0
---
2 n+1
Sn = 3 2
--- -1 + (1)n --- . ,
5 3
33. 5 5
--- . 34. --- . , x < 0,
2 2
2 n + 1 2 n+1
lim Sn = lim 3
--- 1 + (1)n ---
=3
--- , lim --- = 0.
x = | x |. lim ( ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) + x) = n n5 3 5 n 3
x
6 44. ) A = 2; ) A = 0; ) A = 3.
5 ---
5x + 6 x
= lim --------------------------------------------------- = lim ------------------------------------------------------- = 5
--- .
x (x + 2)(x + 3) x x 2
1 + --2- 1 + --3- + 1
x x
35. 2
--- . lim x2( 3 1 + x 3 + 3
1 x3 ) =
3 x
2x 2
= lim -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
x 3 ( 1 + x 3 )2 3 ( 1 + x 3 ) ( 1 x 3 ) + 3 1 x 3
2
= lim ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =2
--- .
x 1 2 1 1 1 2 3
-----
- + 1 3 -----3- + 1 -----3- 1 + 3 -----3- 1
3 x2 x x x
36. 1. 37. 1. 38. 1. , x = |x|
x x
x < 0. 39. 1. - = lim -----2- ( 1 + x + x 2 +
lim -----------------------------------------------------
x + 1 + x + x2 x + 1 x + x
1 1 1 1
+ x + 1 ) = lim -----
- + --- + 1 + --- + -----2- = 1. 40. 1. 41. 2. 42. 1.
x + x2 x x x
2n 1
1 2
--- + -----2- + ... + ------------- =1 2
--- Sn, Sn = 1 + --- + ...
3 n
3 3 3 3
2 n1 2 2 2 n1 2 n
... + --- ; , Sn 2 2
--- = --- + --- + ... + --- + --- ,
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 n 1 2 n
Sn = Sn 2 1
--- = --- Sn = 1 --- ; lim --- Sn = lim 1 --- = 1.
3 3 3 n 3 n 3
346 347
VII ba+ ab
11. a = b. 12. e = ----------------------------
- . 13. ) 13; )
109 . 14. 5
--- ;
ba+ ab 4
8
--- - . 15. p = {6; 8}. 16. p = 2 a 3 b . p ,
5
1. a b , p = a + b .
p = {3; 4} = (3; 1) + (1; 2).
1. ) a b - :
; ) a b ; 3 = 3 + , 4 = 2,
) a b .
= 2, = 3; , p = 2 a 3 b .
1
2. ) ; ) ------ . 3. x (1; 5). - 17. {(2; 9); (7; 0)}. BC C AD
10 AB C CD.
|x 2| | a | < 3| a |, |x 2| < 3.
18. {1,5; 1; 2}. 19. , CD = 2 AB . 20. 18 .
4. x (3; 1] c [1; +). |x| l 1,
21. {4 2 ; 2; 8}, {4 2 ; 2; 8}. 22. {24; 32; 30}. 23. {6; 8; 24}.
x + 3 l 0. 5. x = 10 4
------ , y = --- . 6. 0 . a + b = c
7 7
24. M (1; 0; 0). | MA | = | MB |, MA =
b + c = a , , , . -
= {1 x; 2; 3} MB = {3 x ; 3; 2}.
b , ( + 1) a =
51
25. ----------
-. AO = AB +
= ( + 1)c, = 1 = 1 ( a 3
c ). , a + b = c a + b + c = 0 . + 1
--- ( BC + BD ). 26. . 27. d = 2 a 3 b + c .
3
7. p = 1, q = 1. p a + q b + c
d d = a + b + c
a + p b + q c , (p ) a + (q p) b + (1 q) c = 0 .
3 + 2 = 11, 2 + + = 6, 2 3 = 5
, p = 0, q p = 0,
1 q = 0 ( 0). , .
, , . 28. 2 2 3
--- AA 1 + --- AB + --- AC .
5 5 5
8. , a > b + c. 9. AO = 1
--- ( a + b ).
3
AM = AC + 2 4
--- CB 1 . 29. ------ i +
5 13
10. 2
--- ( a + b ). AC = AB + AD ,
3 3
+ ------ j + 12
------ k . AC 1 = AD + AB + AA 1 = 4 i + 3 j + 12k ;
13 13
AB + BM = AB + 1
--- AD = a , (1)
2
AC 1 4
, | AC 1 | = 4 2 + 3 2 + 12 2 = 13 e = -------------
- = ------ i +
AD + DK = AD + 1
--- AB = b . (2) AC 1 13
2
3
+ ------ j + 12
------ k .
(1) (2), 3
--- ( AB + AD ) = 13 13
2
30. 3 : 1. , -
=3 2
--- AC = a + b , AC = --- ( a + b ).
2 3 EC EM 2 (E BD).
348 349
VII ba+ ab
11. a = b. 12. e = ----------------------------
- . 13. ) 13; )
109 . 14. 5
--- ;
ba+ ab 4
8
--- - . 15. p = {6; 8}. 16. p = 2 a 3 b . p ,
5
1. a b , p = a + b .
p = {3; 4} = (3; 1) + (1; 2).
1. ) a b - :
; ) a b ; 3 = 3 + , 4 = 2,
) a b .
= 2, = 3; , p = 2 a 3 b .
1
2. ) ; ) ------ . 3. x (1; 5). - 17. {(2; 9); (7; 0)}. BC C AD
10 AB C CD.
|x 2| | a | < 3| a |, |x 2| < 3.
18. {1,5; 1; 2}. 19. , CD = 2 AB . 20. 18 .
4. x (3; 1] c [1; +). |x| l 1,
21. {4 2 ; 2; 8}, {4 2 ; 2; 8}. 22. {24; 32; 30}. 23. {6; 8; 24}.
x + 3 l 0. 5. x = 10 4
------ , y = --- . 6. 0 . a + b = c
7 7
24. M (1; 0; 0). | MA | = | MB |, MA =
b + c = a , , , . -
= {1 x; 2; 3} MB = {3 x ; 3; 2}.
b , ( + 1) a =
51
25. ----------
-. AO = AB +
= ( + 1)c, = 1 = 1 ( a 3
c ). , a + b = c a + b + c = 0 . + 1
--- ( BC + BD ). 26. . 27. d = 2 a 3 b + c .
3
7. p = 1, q = 1. p a + q b + c
d d = a + b + c
a + p b + q c , (p ) a + (q p) b + (1 q) c = 0 .
3 + 2 = 11, 2 + + = 6, 2 3 = 5
, p = 0, q p = 0,
1 q = 0 ( 0). , .
, , . 28. 2 2 3
--- AA 1 + --- AB + --- AC .
5 5 5
8. , a > b + c. 9. AO = 1
--- ( a + b ).
3
AM = AC + 2 4
--- CB 1 . 29. ------ i +
5 13
10. 2
--- ( a + b ). AC = AB + AD ,
3 3
+ ------ j + 12
------ k . AC 1 = AD + AB + AA 1 = 4 i + 3 j + 12k ;
13 13
AB + BM = AB + 1
--- AD = a , (1)
2
AC 1 4
, | AC 1 | = 4 2 + 3 2 + 12 2 = 13 e = -------------
- = ------ i +
AD + DK = AD + 1
--- AB = b . (2) AC 1 13
2
3
+ ------ j + 12
------ k .
(1) (2), 3
--- ( AB + AD ) = 13 13
2
30. 3 : 1. , -
=3 2
--- AC = a + b , AC = --- ( a + b ).
2 3 EC EM 2 (E BD).
348 349
z 31. 5. 5. , a p = 0. 6. 295.
Oxyz, O
N a + b + c = 0 , a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 ( a b + b c +
(. 20), OM xOz, ON yOz
M + c a ) = 0. a b + b c + c a = 1
--- ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) =
OP xOy. | OM | = 1, | ON | = 2 2
y 1 1 = 1 1
--- (132 + 142 + 152) = 295. 7. arccos --- .
O | OP | = 3; OM = ------- ; 0; ------- , 2 3
P 2 2
x AB AC . 8. --- . 9. arccos ----------
5
-.
4 39
. 20
ON = {0; 2; 2 } OP = ------
3 3
- ; ------- ; 0 .
2 2 AB BC .
2z 5
3 16 + 25 + 9 10. = arccos -------------------------------------
-.
: p = ------
4 5
- ; ------- ; ------- ; p = ------------------------------ = 5. 3 (z 3)2 + 2
2 2 2 2
11. 9
--- . SABC = 1
--- | AB | | AC | sin A,
4 2 2
32. 2 + 2 = 1. 33. = 1, = 9. 34. a = 1 8
--- ; --- ; --- . 35. AC =
3 3 3
AB AC 2
sin A = 1 cos 2 A = 1 ----------------------- .
AB AC
= ( 2k + 1 ) ( 2n + 1 ) ( 2m + 1 )
13 , BD = 5. 36. ------------------------
- , -------------------------- , --------------------------- , | k, n, m Z.
14 4 2
3
12. arccos ------ . ,
10
2. AB + BC BC AB .
1. 3 3
------- . 2. 4. 3. ----------- . 63 5
- . 14. | AC | = 5; O --- ; 1; 1- .
13. arccos -----------------
4 21 6441 2
( a + b )( a b ) = | a + b | | a b | cos ;
1
15. b = 1; 1
--- ; --- . b = {x; y; z};
2 2
a b 2 2
cos = ------------------------------------------------- =
(a + b)2 (a b)2 x y z
--- = --- = --- = t, x = 2t, y = t, z = t.
2 1 1
22 1 3 3
= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------- = ----------- . a b = 3,
2 2 + 1 2 + 2 2 1 cos 60 2 2 + 1 2 2 2 1 cos 60 3 7 21
4 2
4. 4
--- . p q , t = 1 1
--- . 16. c = {3; 3; 3}. 17. c = ------- ; ------- ; ------- .
5 2 3 3 3
1 1
p = 1 1
--- (2 a b ) = --- ; 1 ; q = --- (2 b a ) = --- ; 1 ;
18. c = {2; 3; 0}. 19. c = {1; 0; 1} c = 1 4 2
--- ; --- ; ------- .
3 3 3 3
3 3 3
p q = | p | | q | cos ( p , q ), c = {x; y; z},
10 2
cos ( p , q ) = 1 4
--- 1 : ----------- = --- .
9 3 5 |c | = |a | = |b | = 2 = x2 + y2 + z2 . (1)
350 351
z 31. 5. 5. , a p = 0. 6. 295.
Oxyz, O
N a + b + c = 0 , a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 ( a b + b c +
(. 20), OM xOz, ON yOz
M + c a ) = 0. a b + b c + c a = 1
--- ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) =
OP xOy. | OM | = 1, | ON | = 2 2
y 1 1 = 1 1
--- (132 + 142 + 152) = 295. 7. arccos --- .
O | OP | = 3; OM = ------- ; 0; ------- , 2 3
P 2 2
x AB AC . 8. --- . 9. arccos ----------
5
-.
4 39
. 20
ON = {0; 2; 2 } OP = ------
3 3
- ; ------- ; 0 .
2 2 AB BC .
2z 5
3 16 + 25 + 9 10. = arccos -------------------------------------
-.
: p = ------
4 5
- ; ------- ; ------- ; p = ------------------------------ = 5. 3 (z 3)2 + 2
2 2 2 2
11. 9
--- . SABC = 1
--- | AB | | AC | sin A,
4 2 2
32. 2 + 2 = 1. 33. = 1, = 9. 34. a = 1 8
--- ; --- ; --- . 35. AC =
3 3 3
AB AC 2
sin A = 1 cos 2 A = 1 ----------------------- .
AB AC
= ( 2k + 1 ) ( 2n + 1 ) ( 2m + 1 )
13 , BD = 5. 36. ------------------------
- , -------------------------- , --------------------------- , | k, n, m Z.
14 4 2
3
12. arccos ------ . ,
10
2. AB + BC BC AB .
1. 3 3
------- . 2. 4. 3. ----------- . 63 5
- . 14. | AC | = 5; O --- ; 1; 1- .
13. arccos -----------------
4 21 6441 2
( a + b )( a b ) = | a + b | | a b | cos ;
1
15. b = 1; 1
--- ; --- . b = {x; y; z};
2 2
a b 2 2
cos = ------------------------------------------------- =
(a + b)2 (a b)2 x y z
--- = --- = --- = t, x = 2t, y = t, z = t.
2 1 1
22 1 3 3
= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------- = ----------- . a b = 3,
2 2 + 1 2 + 2 2 1 cos 60 2 2 + 1 2 2 2 1 cos 60 3 7 21
4 2
4. 4
--- . p q , t = 1 1
--- . 16. c = {3; 3; 3}. 17. c = ------- ; ------- ; ------- .
5 2 3 3 3
1 1
p = 1 1
--- (2 a b ) = --- ; 1 ; q = --- (2 b a ) = --- ; 1 ;
18. c = {2; 3; 0}. 19. c = {1; 0; 1} c = 1 4 2
--- ; --- ; ------- .
3 3 3 3
3 3 3
p q = | p | | q | cos ( p , q ), c = {x; y; z},
10 2
cos ( p , q ) = 1 4
--- 1 : ----------- = --- .
9 3 5 |c | = |a | = |b | = 2 = x2 + y2 + z2 . (1)
350 351
, , 30 10
26. 20
------ ; ------ ; ------ . 25.
ab ac x+y bc y+z 7 7 7
cos = ------------ =1 1 1
--- , ------------ = ------------- = --- , ------------ = ------------ + --- . (2)
a b 2 a c 2 2 b c 2 2
(1), (2), . 2
27. cos = ----------
-. 25,
29
20. 5. 21. a = {2; 2; 2}.
BM 1 DM 2 4 1 8
cos = -------------------------------------
- , BM 1 = ------ ; --- ; --- , DM 2 = {2; 2; 1}.
BM 1 DM 2 19 9 9
22. x (; 0). x, -
a b > 0, b c < 0, c = {0; 1; 0}.
28. 2x + 2y + 3z 6 = 0.
23. MQ NP , MQ = MP + PQ , NP = :
= NQ + QP . ax + by + cz + d = 0. (1)
B 4 M1, M2, M3
24. arccos --- .
5 (1),
M2 ABC (. 21) a b + 2c = d, 3b = d, 2a + b = d,
| AC | = | AB |, BM1 CM2 ,
a = d d d
--- , b = --- , c = --- . -
A C BM 1 = 1
--- AC AB , 3 3 2
M1 2
a, b c (1)
. 21 CM 2 = 1
--- AB AC . d(2x + 2y + 3z 6) = 0. (d) (d 0), -
2
.
-
, AB B AC , BM 1 CM 2 = 5
--- | AB |2 cos = 29. x + z 4 = 0. n = {a; b; c} -
4
, A (4; 0; 0).
= 1
--- ( AC 2 + AB 2) = | AB |2, .
2 Oy, n -
, Oy,
bc
- c b.
25. BM = -------
2
(. 22) j = {0; 1; 0}. , n j = b = 0, . .
c
a(x 4) + cz = 0 a1(x 4) + z = 0,
BM = AM b , (1)
a1 = a
--- . B
AM = c ( - c
B , a1 (0 4) + 4 = 0, a1 = 1, x + z
). BM -
4 = 0.
c , BM c = 0. -
c
, c 2 b c = 0, . . = b---------
2
-. 30. 1. D ABC, AB , AC , AD -
A M C c
AD = AB + AC , -
. 22 (1), . , .
352 353
, , 30 10
26. 20
------ ; ------ ; ------ . 25.
ab ac x+y bc y+z 7 7 7
cos = ------------ =1 1 1
--- , ------------ = ------------- = --- , ------------ = ------------ + --- . (2)
a b 2 a c 2 2 b c 2 2
(1), (2), . 2
27. cos = ----------
-. 25,
29
20. 5. 21. a = {2; 2; 2}.
BM 1 DM 2 4 1 8
cos = -------------------------------------
- , BM 1 = ------ ; --- ; --- , DM 2 = {2; 2; 1}.
BM 1 DM 2 19 9 9
22. x (; 0). x, -
a b > 0, b c < 0, c = {0; 1; 0}.
28. 2x + 2y + 3z 6 = 0.
23. MQ NP , MQ = MP + PQ , NP = :
= NQ + QP . ax + by + cz + d = 0. (1)
B 4 M1, M2, M3
24. arccos --- .
5 (1),
M2 ABC (. 21) a b + 2c = d, 3b = d, 2a + b = d,
| AC | = | AB |, BM1 CM2 ,
a = d d d
--- , b = --- , c = --- . -
A C BM 1 = 1
--- AC AB , 3 3 2
M1 2
a, b c (1)
. 21 CM 2 = 1
--- AB AC . d(2x + 2y + 3z 6) = 0. (d) (d 0), -
2
.
-
, AB B AC , BM 1 CM 2 = 5
--- | AB |2 cos = 29. x + z 4 = 0. n = {a; b; c} -
4
, A (4; 0; 0).
= 1
--- ( AC 2 + AB 2) = | AB |2, .
2 Oy, n -
, Oy,
bc
- c b.
25. BM = -------
2
(. 22) j = {0; 1; 0}. , n j = b = 0, . .
c
a(x 4) + cz = 0 a1(x 4) + z = 0,
BM = AM b , (1)
a1 = a
--- . B
AM = c ( - c
B , a1 (0 4) + 4 = 0, a1 = 1, x + z
). BM -
4 = 0.
c , BM c = 0. -
c
, c 2 b c = 0, . . = b---------
2
-. 30. 1. D ABC, AB , AC , AD -
A M C c
AD = AB + AC , -
. 22 (1), . , .
352 353
: (k 1; 2; 2) = (2; 3; 1) +
35. arccos 16 25
------ . 36. arccos ------ . 37. a = {1; 2; 2}. 38. 13.
+ (0; 2; 2), 21 27
2 = k 1, 3 + 2 = 2, 2 = 2, 5
39. | a | = 3 2 , | b | = 89 . 40. 2. 41. a = 1. 42. ------- .
6
= 1 k = 2 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 1.
43. C (0; 3; 0). 44. c = {3; 3; 3}.
. , -
ABC (. 28) - c = x i + + y j + z k . :
D.
c a = 2x + 3y z = 0,
31. ) . 30; ) --- ; ) 21 ----------
10
-. - c b = x 2y + 3z = 0,
2 2
SABCD = 1
--- | AC | | BD |. c (2 i j + k ) = 2x y + z = 6.
2
3 ,
32. --- . ABC ABD 7x + 7y = 0 y = x. , y x -
3 , z = x. ,
n 1 n 2 y z x, x = 3, y = 3, z = 3.
.
AB c
45. 18
------ . AB = 2 i 6 j + 4 k . c AB = ---------------
- =
33. ) A (1; 2; 0); B (0; 0; 2). 13 c
2x + 3y + 4z 8 = 0, 4x + y + 3z 6 = 0 (1) 6 + 24 48
= ----------------------------- = 18 17 12
------ . 46. ------ . 47. ----------- . 48. 3.
13 13 5 14
z = 0, A
p xOy, . . x = 1, y = 2. - e ,
B ( (1) x = 0); 1 1 1
, e = ------
- i + ------- j + ------- k .
) arcsin 2
--- . - 3 3 3
3
1 2
------- + -------
BA n ea 3 3
cos = ----------------------
- , BA = {1; 2; 2} n = {0; 1; 0} - a = ------ = ---------------------
- = 3 . 49. a = a 1 2 a 2.
BA n e 1
xOz ( BA n ).
34. ) E(12; 0; 3); F1(0; 6; 12); G(6; 12; 0); ) 7x + 5y + 6z
102 = 0; ) 3 10
--------------- . , -
11
0
B1 EF1G, x
------------- =
7
0 z 12
= y------------
- = ---------------- , {x; y; z 12} -
5 6
{7; 5; 6}. M
EF1G -
B1M = ( xB xM )2 + ( yB yM )2 + ( zB zM ) 2 .
1 1 1
354 355
: (k 1; 2; 2) = (2; 3; 1) +
35. arccos 16 25
------ . 36. arccos ------ . 37. a = {1; 2; 2}. 38. 13.
+ (0; 2; 2), 21 27
2 = k 1, 3 + 2 = 2, 2 = 2, 5
39. | a | = 3 2 , | b | = 89 . 40. 2. 41. a = 1. 42. ------- .
6
= 1 k = 2 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 1.
43. C (0; 3; 0). 44. c = {3; 3; 3}.
. , -
ABC (. 28) - c = x i + + y j + z k . :
D.
c a = 2x + 3y z = 0,
31. ) . 30; ) --- ; ) 21 ----------
10
-. - c b = x 2y + 3z = 0,
2 2
SABCD = 1
--- | AC | | BD |. c (2 i j + k ) = 2x y + z = 6.
2
3 ,
32. --- . ABC ABD 7x + 7y = 0 y = x. , y x -
3 , z = x. ,
n 1 n 2 y z x, x = 3, y = 3, z = 3.
.
AB c
45. 18
------ . AB = 2 i 6 j + 4 k . c AB = ---------------
- =
33. ) A (1; 2; 0); B (0; 0; 2). 13 c
2x + 3y + 4z 8 = 0, 4x + y + 3z 6 = 0 (1) 6 + 24 48
= ----------------------------- = 18 17 12
------ . 46. ------ . 47. ----------- . 48. 3.
13 13 5 14
z = 0, A
p xOy, . . x = 1, y = 2. - e ,
B ( (1) x = 0); 1 1 1
, e = ------
- i + ------- j + ------- k .
) arcsin 2
--- . - 3 3 3
3
1 2
------- + -------
BA n ea 3 3
cos = ----------------------
- , BA = {1; 2; 2} n = {0; 1; 0} - a = ------ = ---------------------
- = 3 . 49. a = a 1 2 a 2.
BA n e 1
xOz ( BA n ).
34. ) E(12; 0; 3); F1(0; 6; 12); G(6; 12; 0); ) 7x + 5y + 6z
102 = 0; ) 3 10
--------------- . , -
11
0
B1 EF1G, x
------------- =
7
0 z 12
= y------------
- = ---------------- , {x; y; z 12} -
5 6
{7; 5; 6}. M
EF1G -
B1M = ( xB xM )2 + ( yB yM )2 + ( zB zM ) 2 .
1 1 1
354 355
VIII AC BD E B C
F,
( M N
-
E F
A D
BAC BDC). , EF C AD.
. 25
EF;
MF ABD, ME ABC,
1.
MF = ME + EF, a b
--- = EF + --- , EF =
2 2
1. ) AM. AC + CM =
= AM BC = CM + MB = CM + AM. =1
--- (a b).
2
AM, CM = 1
--- |AC BC|. -
2
, C MB; ) C - 7. CF
BCD, DP ADC B P E C
BD, D AB, MC = MB + BC
AC + AM + MC = MB + MC. MB, - (. 26). L
BCD + ADC = , FCD + MDC = K M
MC = 1
--- (AC + BC). , C AE, N
2 = --- , , CMD = --- -
E AB, . 2 2 A F D
LMN = --- ( CMD LMN . 26
B 2. - 2
. ). , LKN ,
AE CF, , KLMN .
3. AF B CD (. 23). - KM. ABE
AF - CDE (AB = CD, B = D, BE = DF; -
C ACD BD , BK DM -
O. , OC = OD. , -
A , , AB = BE = CD = DF).
O F OB + OC > BC, OB + OC = OB + OD = BD , KE = MC KECM . , KM =
BD > BC. = EC = BC BE = BC AB.
D 4. -
. 23 8. E F AM AN -
.
B BD (. 27). AFB DFN
K L 5. KL MN (. 24) - ( AFB DFN , FND = BAF) ,
A C DF DN 1 1
--------- = ---------- = --- . , DF = --- BD.
ABC ADC; , KL C AC C MN. BF AB 2 3
B M C
, KN C LM, ( -
, KLMN -
N M BEM AED) , BE = 1
--- BD, E F N
. 3
, EF = 1
--- BD, . . BE = A D
6. MN - 3
D
. 24 ABCD (. 25). - = EF = FD. . 27
356 357
VIII AC BD E B C
F,
( M N
-
E F
A D
BAC BDC). , EF C AD.
. 25
EF;
MF ABD, ME ABC,
1.
MF = ME + EF, a b
--- = EF + --- , EF =
2 2
1. ) AM. AC + CM =
= AM BC = CM + MB = CM + AM. =1
--- (a b).
2
AM, CM = 1
--- |AC BC|. -
2
, C MB; ) C - 7. CF
BCD, DP ADC B P E C
BD, D AB, MC = MB + BC
AC + AM + MC = MB + MC. MB, - (. 26). L
BCD + ADC = , FCD + MDC = K M
MC = 1
--- (AC + BC). , C AE, N
2 = --- , , CMD = --- -
E AB, . 2 2 A F D
LMN = --- ( CMD LMN . 26
B 2. - 2
. ). , LKN ,
AE CF, , KLMN .
3. AF B CD (. 23). - KM. ABE
AF - CDE (AB = CD, B = D, BE = DF; -
C ACD BD , BK DM -
O. , OC = OD. , -
A , , AB = BE = CD = DF).
O F OB + OC > BC, OB + OC = OB + OD = BD , KE = MC KECM . , KM =
BD > BC. = EC = BC BE = BC AB.
D 4. -
. 23 8. E F AM AN -
.
B BD (. 27). AFB DFN
K L 5. KL MN (. 24) - ( AFB DFN , FND = BAF) ,
A C DF DN 1 1
--------- = ---------- = --- . , DF = --- BD.
ABC ADC; , KL C AC C MN. BF AB 2 3
B M C
, KN C LM, ( -
, KLMN -
N M BEM AED) , BE = 1
--- BD, E F N
. 3
, EF = 1
--- BD, . . BE = A D
6. MN - 3
D
. 24 ABCD (. 25). - = EF = FD. . 27
356 357
CE BD (BD ), E = AB S ABC
9. CE 13.
(. 28).
S= 1
--- ab sin C, C , -
E , BE = BC 2
(ABD = BEC = DBC = BCE - AB. AC1 ,
CBE ). ABC. BC1A
B
AB BE AB BC
--------
- = --------- , . . --------- = --------- . ACB , sin C = sin C1, AB = c = 2R sin C. -
AD CD AD CD
c 1 c abc
, sin C = -------
- S = --- ab -------- , , R = ---------- .
10. 2R 2 2R 4S
A D C ABD MBO (. 29) , OM
----------- = 14. C
AD
. 28 , - A1 B1
OB
- , ACD
= -------- , A1C = CB1 =
OD O
= r (A1CB1O ), A1B = BC1
OCN ON OC OC OB
B C
--------- = -------- . -------- = --------- , B1A = AC1 (. 32). , B C1 A
AD AC AC DB
M N . 32
AC BC = A1B + r, AC = AB1 + r (r
= 1 + AO
O
BOC f AOD -------- --------- ,
OC OC ). , BC + AC =
A D DB OD OM ON = 2r + A1B + AB1 = 2r + BC1 + C1A = 2r + AB.
--------- = 1 + --------- , ----------- = --------- ,
. 29 OB OB AD AD
. . OM = ON. -
, BC + AC = 2r + 2R.
B 11. O -
, - 15. B
ABC (. 30) C D (. 33). A
A1
C1 x y OC1 = x, OA1 = y, OB1 = z, AB = a. - ABC ABD (ABC = ADB, B
O ABC A ), AB AD
-------- = --------- , -
z AOB, AC AB C
A B1 C , AB2 = AD AC.
BOC, AOC: SABC = 1 1 1
--- xa + --- ya + --- za;
. 30 2 2 2
16. ABCD - D
, SABC = a2 ------3- . a2 ------3- = 1
--- a (x + (. 34). - . 33
4 4 2
A C -
+ y + z), x + y + z = a ------3- = h, h ABC. BD B
2 : AEB, BFC, CFD, AED.
12. BC = a, AC = b, AB = c AEB - E
(. 31), S = SABC = SAOB + , A
C
B F
C1 A1 + SBOC + SAOC = 1 1
--- OA1 a + --- OB1 b + AB E = ---
2 2 2
O a
c
+1
--- OC1 c; OC1 = OA1 = OB1 = r, . -
2
A B1 b C D
+b+c -
S = r a S
--------------------- = rp, r = --- .
. 31 2 p , , . 34
358 359
CE BD (BD ), E = AB S ABC
9. CE 13.
(. 28).
S= 1
--- ab sin C, C , -
E , BE = BC 2
(ABD = BEC = DBC = BCE - AB. AC1 ,
CBE ). ABC. BC1A
B
AB BE AB BC
--------
- = --------- , . . --------- = --------- . ACB , sin C = sin C1, AB = c = 2R sin C. -
AD CD AD CD
c 1 c abc
, sin C = -------
- S = --- ab -------- , , R = ---------- .
10. 2R 2 2R 4S
A D C ABD MBO (. 29) , OM
----------- = 14. C
AD
. 28 , - A1 B1
OB
- , ACD
= -------- , A1C = CB1 =
OD O
= r (A1CB1O ), A1B = BC1
OCN ON OC OC OB
B C
--------- = -------- . -------- = --------- , B1A = AC1 (. 32). , B C1 A
AD AC AC DB
M N . 32
AC BC = A1B + r, AC = AB1 + r (r
= 1 + AO
O
BOC f AOD -------- --------- ,
OC OC ). , BC + AC =
A D DB OD OM ON = 2r + A1B + AB1 = 2r + BC1 + C1A = 2r + AB.
--------- = 1 + --------- , ----------- = --------- ,
. 29 OB OB AD AD
. . OM = ON. -
, BC + AC = 2r + 2R.
B 11. O -
, - 15. B
ABC (. 30) C D (. 33). A
A1
C1 x y OC1 = x, OA1 = y, OB1 = z, AB = a. - ABC ABD (ABC = ADB, B
O ABC A ), AB AD
-------- = --------- , -
z AOB, AC AB C
A B1 C , AB2 = AD AC.
BOC, AOC: SABC = 1 1 1
--- xa + --- ya + --- za;
. 30 2 2 2
16. ABCD - D
, SABC = a2 ------3- . a2 ------3- = 1
--- a (x + (. 34). - . 33
4 4 2
A C -
+ y + z), x + y + z = a ------3- = h, h ABC. BD B
2 : AEB, BFC, CFD, AED.
12. BC = a, AC = b, AB = c AEB - E
(. 31), S = SABC = SAOB + , A
C
B F
C1 A1 + SBOC + SAOC = 1 1
--- OA1 a + --- OB1 b + AB E = ---
2 2 2
O a
c
+1
--- OC1 c; OC1 = OA1 = OB1 = r, . -
2
A B1 b C D
+b+c -
S = r a S
--------------------- = rp, r = --- .
. 31 2 p , , . 34
358 359
3. B1 (. 37), A
. - B p, B
ABCD. A,
C p
AB1, p
17. , MPN = MFH, PNQ = PMQ. ,
C C1
BC + AC = B1C +
18. B1
D1 F
DBF B 90 + AC = AB1 < B1C1 + AC1
(. 35) D C1 p. . 37
D
B D1, F F1,
K
C. 4. C C1
D1C = DF, D1 ` AB. ABC A1 C1 (. 38) -
C2
E
AB = BD = BD1 ( - A1 C1 -
F1
A P C
) AP = PC ( - A1BC1, -
O1
. 35 ), BP - O1. O2
A A1 A2 B
AD1C, , BP = 1 1
--- D1C = --- DE,
2 2 , O1 - . 38
. . DF = 2BP. B.
A2BC2 O2 -
19. , O = AC BD . O1O2 , -
k = CD
--------- , B.
AB
AB, , - 5. A1BC1 (A1 AB, C1 BC), -
CD. D .
6. , -
20. d 1 = a + b d 2 = a b (. 36),
2
--- , , -
3
2 2
d1 = a 2 + b + 2a b , -
a d2
d1
2
.
d2 = a 2 + b 2 2a b ;
7. ) , AB = a, BC = b D
b 2 2
d 1 + d 2 = 2(a2 + b2). (. 39) AO = 1
--- (a + b),
. 36 2
DB = ab (DB B AC). ) - A O B C
2. = a b d = ab , x = . 39
1. , A = a 2 ab + b 2 = ( a b ) 2 + ab = c 2 d 2 ( -
. c d). ) -
c = a b d = b 3 ,
2. a, b, 2m, a, b,
m . x= c2 + d2 .
360 361
3. B1 (. 37), A
. - B p, B
ABCD. A,
C p
AB1, p
17. , MPN = MFH, PNQ = PMQ. ,
C C1
BC + AC = B1C +
18. B1
D1 F
DBF B 90 + AC = AB1 < B1C1 + AC1
(. 35) D C1 p. . 37
D
B D1, F F1,
K
C. 4. C C1
D1C = DF, D1 ` AB. ABC A1 C1 (. 38) -
C2
E
AB = BD = BD1 ( - A1 C1 -
F1
A P C
) AP = PC ( - A1BC1, -
O1
. 35 ), BP - O1. O2
A A1 A2 B
AD1C, , BP = 1 1
--- D1C = --- DE,
2 2 , O1 - . 38
. . DF = 2BP. B.
A2BC2 O2 -
19. , O = AC BD . O1O2 , -
k = CD
--------- , B.
AB
AB, , - 5. A1BC1 (A1 AB, C1 BC), -
CD. D .
6. , -
20. d 1 = a + b d 2 = a b (. 36),
2
--- , , -
3
2 2
d1 = a 2 + b + 2a b , -
a d2
d1
2
.
d2 = a 2 + b 2 2a b ;
7. ) , AB = a, BC = b D
b 2 2
d 1 + d 2 = 2(a2 + b2). (. 39) AO = 1
--- (a + b),
. 36 2
DB = ab (DB B AC). ) - A O B C
2. = a b d = ab , x = . 39
1. , A = a 2 ab + b 2 = ( a b ) 2 + ab = c 2 d 2 ( -
. c d). ) -
c = a b d = b 3 ,
2. a, b, 2m, a, b,
m . x= c2 + d2 .
360 361
8. A B - 13. ABC (. 41)
K
ABC, p , -
AB = BC = --p- (p - A1
A1B1C1, ABC - 2 A
p ), D
k = -----1- ( p1 - ,
p
) A ( B C), A B, - B C1 C
. K -
. A1BC1 - . 41
9. , ( , -
- , ).
.
10. ) OA, , -
, , A - 3.
, -
. 5
2
1. ) B = arccos ------ = arcsin 12
------ . -
) AC AK = 13 13
= AC AB, AK , A ; ) 84 2. S =
(K ; . 15 1). = p ( p a ) ( p b ) ( p c ) , p = 0,5 (a + b + c); ) BD = hb =
11. R1, R2, R3 = 11,2 ; ) 4 . . 12 1; ) 65
------ . . 13
8
13
R1 + R2 = a, R2 + R3 = b, R3 + R4 = c, 1; ) 28 ----------
- . SABC = SABE + SCBE = S; S = 1
--- ac sin B =
9 2
a, b, c . =1 B 1 B 2ac B
--- clb sin ---- + --- alb sin ---- lb = ------------ cos ---- ;
2 2 2 2 a+c 2
B 12. ) AB (. 40); 505 y
) -------------
- . - B(6,6; 11,2)
K = AB p. KC2 =
2
= KB AK, KC (. - : -
A 10) - O2
C2 K C1 p K; C1 A (. 42), O1
C2. , - , AC
. 40 . A(0; 0) D E F C(15; 0) x
A, B, C1 A, B, C2, .
A(0; 0), . 42
. AB C p, - (15; 0). -
, . B. yB hb = 11,2 , -
) , - 2
h b + AD2 = c2, AD = xB =
: ,
= 6,6. , , F (7,5; 0),
AB D p; C1 C2
, AB B p; , 505
BF = mb = ( x F x B ) 2 + ( y F y B ) 2 = -------------
-;
AB C p. 2
362 363
8. A B - 13. ABC (. 41)
K
ABC, p , -
AB = BC = --p- (p - A1
A1B1C1, ABC - 2 A
p ), D
k = -----1- ( p1 - ,
p
) A ( B C), A B, - B C1 C
. K -
. A1BC1 - . 41
9. , ( , -
- , ).
.
10. ) OA, , -
, , A - 3.
, -
. 5
2
1. ) B = arccos ------ = arcsin 12
------ . -
) AC AK = 13 13
= AC AB, AK , A ; ) 84 2. S =
(K ; . 15 1). = p ( p a ) ( p b ) ( p c ) , p = 0,5 (a + b + c); ) BD = hb =
11. R1, R2, R3 = 11,2 ; ) 4 . . 12 1; ) 65
------ . . 13
8
13
R1 + R2 = a, R2 + R3 = b, R3 + R4 = c, 1; ) 28 ----------
- . SABC = SABE + SCBE = S; S = 1
--- ac sin B =
9 2
a, b, c . =1 B 1 B 2ac B
--- clb sin ---- + --- alb sin ---- lb = ------------ cos ---- ;
2 2 2 2 a+c 2
B 12. ) AB (. 40); 505 y
) -------------
- . - B(6,6; 11,2)
K = AB p. KC2 =
2
= KB AK, KC (. - : -
A 10) - O2
C2 K C1 p K; C1 A (. 42), O1
C2. , - , AC
. 40 . A(0; 0) D E F C(15; 0) x
A, B, C1 A, B, C2, .
A(0; 0), . 42
. AB C p, - (15; 0). -
, . B. yB hb = 11,2 , -
) , - 2
h b + AD2 = c2, AD = xB =
: ,
= 6,6. , , F (7,5; 0),
AB D p; C1 C2
, AB B p; , 505
BF = mb = ( x F x B ) 2 + ( y F y B ) 2 = -------------
-;
AB C p. 2
362 363
65
) ----------
-. d 19. 3
--- S. O -
8 4
ABC; AN, BF, CM . BF F
d= ( x O x O ) 2 + ( y O y O ) 2 , x O , y O P , PF = OF, A P -
1 2 1 2 1 1
, x O , y O -
2 2 . AOP 2 2
--- AN, --- CM,
3 3
. x O = --b- = 7,5; 2 S 2 2
1 2 --- BF. --- : --- .
3 3 3
b 2
A
y O = r = 4; y O = R 2 --- = 25
------ ; x O = r ctg ---- = 7 ,
2 1 2 8 2 2 2
20. bc -----------
- . 21. 1,5 7 ; 1,5 ; 3,5 . 22. --- ; --- ; --- .
b+c 6 3 2
cos A = 33 265
------- . d; ) -------------- . - a2 b2 5
65 4 23. b ( b + c ) . 24. ---------------------
- . 25. --- + arccos ------- . 26. 7 ; 15 .
2 2a b 2 2 8
: O1 7,5; 25
------- , 34
8 - . 28. 0,5 (a b)2 sin . 29.
27. 6 ; 9 ; 1,5 ---------- 2+ 3.
2
GO1
30. 216 2. 31. 2 . 32. 15 . - B C
G. . BF BG , . . ABCD (. 43) CE C AB
BG = BF , = 2
--- . BF (0,9; 11,2) BG = CF -
3
ECD. A F E D
,4
= 0,6; 22
-------------- . xG yG G sin sin
3 33. 1
--- (a2 b2) ---------------------------. - . 43
2 sin ( + )
. xG xB = xG 6,6 = 0,6 yG yB = ABCD
,4 11, 2
E
= yG 11,2 = 22 56
------------- , xG = 7,2 yG = ------------- = ------ . - E (. 44) -
3 3 15
( x G x O ) 2 ( y G y O ) 2 GO1. AED BEC.
1 1 B C
34. 2 ; 5 ; 5 ; 8 . 35. 9 3
-----------r2. -
4
31 3 a 3(2 3)
2. a2 ----------------
- . 3. 4 . 4. 5,2 . 5. --- ------- . 6. ---------------------------------- . , ABEK
4 4 4 2
A D
7. 10 ; 10 ; 12 . 8. 1. 9. 1 . 10. arccos 2 2
--- ; arccos --- ; . 36. 18 5 85
--------------- . 37. ------ . -
3 3 5 8 . 44
B
2 arccos 2
--- . 11. 13 ; 15 . 12. 3; 4; 5. 13. 6.
3 AD
B C
14. Rr. a, b , c - F (. 45)
CF -
, p = 1
--- (a + b + c). , a + b + c = 2R,
ABCD (
2 A D
E
, p = R; S = pr, S = Rr.
FBC = --- ).
2
15. 27 ; 64 . 16. 7 . 17. 10 ; 10 ; 1 . 18. 1
--- ( 3 + AEB FED
4 BE AE F
, --------
- = --------- EF =
+ 15 ) 2. ED EF
. 45
364 365
65
) ----------
-. d 19. 3
--- S. O -
8 4
ABC; AN, BF, CM . BF F
d= ( x O x O ) 2 + ( y O y O ) 2 , x O , y O P , PF = OF, A P -
1 2 1 2 1 1
, x O , y O -
2 2 . AOP 2 2
--- AN, --- CM,
3 3
. x O = --b- = 7,5; 2 S 2 2
1 2 --- BF. --- : --- .
3 3 3
b 2
A
y O = r = 4; y O = R 2 --- = 25
------ ; x O = r ctg ---- = 7 ,
2 1 2 8 2 2 2
20. bc -----------
- . 21. 1,5 7 ; 1,5 ; 3,5 . 22. --- ; --- ; --- .
b+c 6 3 2
cos A = 33 265
------- . d; ) -------------- . - a2 b2 5
65 4 23. b ( b + c ) . 24. ---------------------
- . 25. --- + arccos ------- . 26. 7 ; 15 .
2 2a b 2 2 8
: O1 7,5; 25
------- , 34
8 - . 28. 0,5 (a b)2 sin . 29.
27. 6 ; 9 ; 1,5 ---------- 2+ 3.
2
GO1
30. 216 2. 31. 2 . 32. 15 . - B C
G. . BF BG , . . ABCD (. 43) CE C AB
BG = BF , = 2
--- . BF (0,9; 11,2) BG = CF -
3
ECD. A F E D
,4
= 0,6; 22
-------------- . xG yG G sin sin
3 33. 1
--- (a2 b2) ---------------------------. - . 43
2 sin ( + )
. xG xB = xG 6,6 = 0,6 yG yB = ABCD
,4 11, 2
E
= yG 11,2 = 22 56
------------- , xG = 7,2 yG = ------------- = ------ . - E (. 44) -
3 3 15
( x G x O ) 2 ( y G y O ) 2 GO1. AED BEC.
1 1 B C
34. 2 ; 5 ; 5 ; 8 . 35. 9 3
-----------r2. -
4
31 3 a 3(2 3)
2. a2 ----------------
- . 3. 4 . 4. 5,2 . 5. --- ------- . 6. ---------------------------------- . , ABEK
4 4 4 2
A D
7. 10 ; 10 ; 12 . 8. 1. 9. 1 . 10. arccos 2 2
--- ; arccos --- ; . 36. 18 5 85
--------------- . 37. ------ . -
3 3 5 8 . 44
B
2 arccos 2
--- . 11. 13 ; 15 . 12. 3; 4; 5. 13. 6.
3 AD
B C
14. Rr. a, b , c - F (. 45)
CF -
, p = 1
--- (a + b + c). , a + b + c = 2R,
ABCD (
2 A D
E
, p = R; S = pr, S = Rr.
FBC = --- ).
2
15. 27 ; 64 . 16. 7 . 17. 10 ; 10 ; 1 . 18. 1
--- ( 3 + AEB FED
4 BE AE F
, --------
- = --------- EF =
+ 15 ) 2. ED EF
. 45
364 365
21 9 1 21 9 -
= AE ED 45
--------- = ---------------- --- 21 ----------------- = ------ . -
B
BE 2 8 2 4 S
2 2 3 + 5 Px
FBC CF R: S= R
----------- . 43. 5R2 ------------------------- . 44. 1
--- .
2
2 6 3
CF = BF 2 + BC 2 = 8 + 45 85 1 85
------ + 9 2 = ------ ; R = --- CF = ------ (). Rr
N
4 4 2 8 - [3R 2r
45. ------------------------ 8 ( R 2 2Rr ) ].
( R + 2r ) 2 Q y
38. 5 7
------- ; ------- . , ABCD A D M C
12 12 2 3
46. ----------------- . BD . 48
3
------3- AD. ABC, (. 48), PQ
2
PQM PQN
1 2
B C 39. --- ( a + b 2 ) . BC = b,
2 -PNQ = PMQ = --- .
h1 2
E F AD = a, EF = x,
h2 EBCF AEFD h1 h2 - PN x , NMQ y .
x
A D
(. 46). SEBCF = DBC = y------------ 2
- = --- , y + x = ; x = --- , y = -------
2 6 3 3
. 46 = 1 1
--- SABCD SAEFD = --- SABCD
2 2 PQN = --- , QPN = --- . MQP MPQ;
6 3
1 1 1 1
--- h1 (x + b) = --- (a + b)(h1 + h2) --- h2 (x + a) = --- (a + b)(h1 + h2).
2 4 2 4 ABC = ---- + --- = 5
------- ; MN z ,
: 3 4 12
2h 1 z
a+b
------------------- = ------------ , (1) MQPN t . t---------- 5
- = ------- , t + z = 2. -
h1 + h2 x+b 2 12
2h 2 a+b z = 7 2 7
------- y z = ------- ------- = ------ .
------------------- = ------------- . (2) 12 3 12 12
h1 + h2 x+a
, QPM = ------ . PQ = 1, SPQM
(1) (2), 24
1 1 SPQN:
- + ------------ ,
2 = (a + b) ------------
x+a x+b
. SPQM = 1 1
--- 1 sin ------ cos ------ = --- sin ------ ;
2 2 24 24 4 12
B C a+b
40. ------------ . CE C
a
O
C BD (. 47). - SPQN = 1 1
--- sin --- cos --- = --- sin ---
2 6 6 4 3
A F ABC CDE ,
D E
. 47 BC = DE = b, -
CF -
sin ------
12 2 3
. , ABCD - : x1 = ---------------- = ----------------- ;
3
S sin ---
ACE 3
ACE. ACE AOD , ----------------
- =
S AOD
S ABCD 1 cos ---
AE 2 ( a + b )2 r 6 2 3
= ----------------- - . 41. 3r. 42. 5R2 arcsin ------------- .
- = -----------2- = ------------------- - , sin ------ = ----------------------- = --------------------- .
S AOD AD a 2 Rr 12 2 2
366 367
21 9 1 21 9 -
= AE ED 45
--------- = ---------------- --- 21 ----------------- = ------ . -
B
BE 2 8 2 4 S
2 2 3 + 5 Px
FBC CF R: S= R
----------- . 43. 5R2 ------------------------- . 44. 1
--- .
2
2 6 3
CF = BF 2 + BC 2 = 8 + 45 85 1 85
------ + 9 2 = ------ ; R = --- CF = ------ (). Rr
N
4 4 2 8 - [3R 2r
45. ------------------------ 8 ( R 2 2Rr ) ].
( R + 2r ) 2 Q y
38. 5 7
------- ; ------- . , ABCD A D M C
12 12 2 3
46. ----------------- . BD . 48
3
------3- AD. ABC, (. 48), PQ
2
PQM PQN
1 2
B C 39. --- ( a + b 2 ) . BC = b,
2 -PNQ = PMQ = --- .
h1 2
E F AD = a, EF = x,
h2 EBCF AEFD h1 h2 - PN x , NMQ y .
x
A D
(. 46). SEBCF = DBC = y------------ 2
- = --- , y + x = ; x = --- , y = -------
2 6 3 3
. 46 = 1 1
--- SABCD SAEFD = --- SABCD
2 2 PQN = --- , QPN = --- . MQP MPQ;
6 3
1 1 1 1
--- h1 (x + b) = --- (a + b)(h1 + h2) --- h2 (x + a) = --- (a + b)(h1 + h2).
2 4 2 4 ABC = ---- + --- = 5
------- ; MN z ,
: 3 4 12
2h 1 z
a+b
------------------- = ------------ , (1) MQPN t . t---------- 5
- = ------- , t + z = 2. -
h1 + h2 x+b 2 12
2h 2 a+b z = 7 2 7
------- y z = ------- ------- = ------ .
------------------- = ------------- . (2) 12 3 12 12
h1 + h2 x+a
, QPM = ------ . PQ = 1, SPQM
(1) (2), 24
1 1 SPQN:
- + ------------ ,
2 = (a + b) ------------
x+a x+b
. SPQM = 1 1
--- 1 sin ------ cos ------ = --- sin ------ ;
2 2 24 24 4 12
B C a+b
40. ------------ . CE C
a
O
C BD (. 47). - SPQN = 1 1
--- sin --- cos --- = --- sin ---
2 6 6 4 3
A F ABC CDE ,
D E
. 47 BC = DE = b, -
CF -
sin ------
12 2 3
. , ABCD - : x1 = ---------------- = ----------------- ;
3
S sin ---
ACE 3
ACE. ACE AOD , ----------------
- =
S AOD
S ABCD 1 cos ---
AE 2 ( a + b )2 r 6 2 3
= ----------------- - . 41. 3r. 42. 5R2 arcsin ------------- .
- = -----------2- = ------------------- - , sin ------ = ----------------------- = --------------------- .
S AOD AD a 2 Rr 12 2 2
366 367
y 49. 2 ( 2 1)
47. ------7- . -
A 2
1
xOy , --- [4 (1 + 2 )x], x . 50. 1
--- arcsin . 51. -
O1 2 2
O B x - , -
A1 , , .
C OO1
. 49 52. 20; 10 3 . ACH = C
(. 49). AC
A C. = HCM = MCB = , CH ,
O O1 CM (. 50). HM =
= x = tg , HB = 3x = tg 2. x x 2x
x2 + y2 = ( 2 )2, (1) A H M B
2tg
tg 2 = 3 tg ----------------------
- = 3 tg . 50
(x 2)2 + y2 = 1. (2) 2 1 tg
(1) (2) , - (tg 0) 2 = 3 3 tg2 tg2 = 1
--- (tg > 0)
3
-x = 5 7
--- , y = -------- A. 1
tg = ------
4 4 - , = --- ( ). , C = --- ,
3 6 2
xC yC C,
x = 10 sin --- = 5, AB = 4x = 20, BC = 400 100 = 10 3 .
6
xB = 1 1
--- (xA + xC), yB = --- (yA + yC).
2 2
53. 92 125
------ ; ---------- . AC = CM = C
21 21
2 2
5 2
y + ------7- = 5, CH = 2 6 (. 51).
x C + --- C 4
2 2 4
x C + y C = 2, ---------------- 2 + -------------------- = 1, , AH = MH = 1. cos =
2 2
A H M B
=2 6
----------- , cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos =
5 . 51
x = 13 7 7
------ , y = ----------- . = cos (4 cos2 3) = 2 6 24 2 6 96 75 42 6
16 16 ----------- 4 ------ 3- = ----------- -------------------- = --------------- .
5 25 5 25 125
5 13 2 7 7 7 2 7
AC = ( xA xC ) 2 + ( yA yC ) 2 = - ------ + ------- + ----------- =
--
--- . CH
, BC = ---------------- 42 6 125
- = 2 6 : --------------- = ---------- .
4 16 4 16 2 cos 3 125 21
MB ,
48. 4,5 2. x ,
-
6 x. -
, .
, , -
: S(x) = 0,5x(6 x), MB AM 125 2 50
----------- = ---------- MB = ---------- --- = ------ ,
CB CA 21 5 21 B
x [0; 6]. , -
- AB = 2 + 50 92 1 20 3
------ = ------ . 54. ------------------------------------ . 55. --------------- .
21 21 7
S(x) [0; 6]. S(x) = 0 x = 3 4 cos sin 2 --- D
2
( ) S (0) = S (6) = 0, S (x)
3
x = 3: 56. 3
------- ; ------
- ; --- . BAC = BCA = ,
8 8 4 A C
max S (x) = S (3) = 4,5 2. AB = BC = l (. 52).
x [ 0 ;6 ] . 52
368 369
y 49. 2 ( 2 1)
47. ------7- . -
A 2
1
xOy , --- [4 (1 + 2 )x], x . 50. 1
--- arcsin . 51. -
O1 2 2
O B x - , -
A1 , , .
C OO1
. 49 52. 20; 10 3 . ACH = C
(. 49). AC
A C. = HCM = MCB = , CH ,
O O1 CM (. 50). HM =
= x = tg , HB = 3x = tg 2. x x 2x
x2 + y2 = ( 2 )2, (1) A H M B
2tg
tg 2 = 3 tg ----------------------
- = 3 tg . 50
(x 2)2 + y2 = 1. (2) 2 1 tg
(1) (2) , - (tg 0) 2 = 3 3 tg2 tg2 = 1
--- (tg > 0)
3
-x = 5 7
--- , y = -------- A. 1
tg = ------
4 4 - , = --- ( ). , C = --- ,
3 6 2
xC yC C,
x = 10 sin --- = 5, AB = 4x = 20, BC = 400 100 = 10 3 .
6
xB = 1 1
--- (xA + xC), yB = --- (yA + yC).
2 2
53. 92 125
------ ; ---------- . AC = CM = C
21 21
2 2
5 2
y + ------7- = 5, CH = 2 6 (. 51).
x C + --- C 4
2 2 4
x C + y C = 2, ---------------- 2 + -------------------- = 1, , AH = MH = 1. cos =
2 2
A H M B
=2 6
----------- , cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos =
5 . 51
x = 13 7 7
------ , y = ----------- . = cos (4 cos2 3) = 2 6 24 2 6 96 75 42 6
16 16 ----------- 4 ------ 3- = ----------- -------------------- = --------------- .
5 25 5 25 125
5 13 2 7 7 7 2 7
AC = ( xA xC ) 2 + ( yA yC ) 2 = - ------ + ------- + ----------- =
--
--- . CH
, BC = ---------------- 42 6 125
- = 2 6 : --------------- = ---------- .
4 16 4 16 2 cos 3 125 21
MB ,
48. 4,5 2. x ,
-
6 x. -
, .
, , -
: S(x) = 0,5x(6 x), MB AM 125 2 50
----------- = ---------- MB = ---------- --- = ------ ,
CB CA 21 5 21 B
x [0; 6]. , -
- AB = 2 + 50 92 1 20 3
------ = ------ . 54. ------------------------------------ . 55. --------------- .
21 21 7
S(x) [0; 6]. S(x) = 0 x = 3 4 cos sin 2 --- D
2
( ) S (0) = S (6) = 0, S (x)
3
x = 3: 56. 3
------- ; ------
- ; --- . BAC = BCA = ,
8 8 4 A C
max S (x) = S (3) = 4,5 2. AB = BC = l (. 52).
x [ 0 ;6 ] . 52
368 369
OO1 = R r, O1A = R + r. ,
AC = 2l cos . BD = ------2- CD, BD + CD =
2
O 1M = ( R r )2 r2 = ( R + r ) 2 ( R r ) 2 , r = R
---- .
+ 2 6
= 1 + ------2- CD = 2 2
----------------- CD = l CD = ----------------- l = (2 2 )l. -
2 2 2+ 2
(. 15 61. R2 3 ---- . O1, O2
2
1), AC2 = CD BC 4l2 cos2 = l2(2 2 ). , O3 (. 56). - O2
2 + 2 cos 2 = 2 2 , cos 2 = ------2- ; 2 = 3 3
------- , = ------- . ,
O1O2O3 R
2 4 8 B
3 3 10 R 3 = R2 3 . A
------- ; ------- ; --- . 57. 2r; ------ r; 4r. 58. 2 Rr . C
8 8 4 3 R 60 O1 O3
A A B - R 2 R 2
---------- , ---------- .
C
AB (. 53); 6 2
B
O2C , AB; , . 56
O2C = AB, O1CO2 , O1C = R r,
R2 3 ---- .
O1 O2
ABC
O1O2 = R + r ( O1O2 2
).
. 53 62. 12 5 8 arccos 11 9 2
------ --- arccos ---
21 2 7
O2C = ( R r)2 (R r )2 = 4Rr = 2 Rr .
A 25 2
------ arccos --- . O1O2 = 7,
C O 2 3
Rr O3
B 59. ----------------------------
-. AB - O2O3 = 8, O1O3 = 9, p = 12 (. 57). -
( R + r)2
D ,
O1 O2 , O1A = R, O2B = r. B
A
O1O2O3 S = 12 5 4 3 = 12 5 .
O (. 54). CD C AB, , - C
O2
. 54 CD = AB, O1CO = ODO2 = --- , O1C = R , O1
2
O2O = r . 58 cos = 11 11 2
------ , = arccos ------ ; cos = --- ,
21 21 7
, CD = CO + OD = (R + )2 (R )2 + . 57
= arccos 2 2 2
--- ; cos = --- , = arccos --- .
7 3 3
+ ( r + ) 2 ( r ) 2 = 2 R + 2 r = AB = 2 Rr
Rr , O1BC
( R + r) = Rr = ----------------------------
-.
( R + r )2
S1 = 1 11 11
--- 42 arccos ------ = 8 arccos ------ ;
2 21 21
B
C 60. R
---- . r
O1 6
N O2AC
, O1 -
, NOA = 90, O1N B S2 = 1 2 9 2
--- 32 arccos --- = --- arccos --- ;
2 7 2 7
B ON, O1N = r OM = r, AM = R r
(. 55). , O3BC
,
O M A
, S3 = 1 2 25 2
--- 52 arccos --- = ------ arccos --- .
. 55 2 3 2 3
370 371
OO1 = R r, O1A = R + r. ,
AC = 2l cos . BD = ------2- CD, BD + CD =
2
O 1M = ( R r )2 r2 = ( R + r ) 2 ( R r ) 2 , r = R
---- .
+ 2 6
= 1 + ------2- CD = 2 2
----------------- CD = l CD = ----------------- l = (2 2 )l. -
2 2 2+ 2
(. 15 61. R2 3 ---- . O1, O2
2
1), AC2 = CD BC 4l2 cos2 = l2(2 2 ). , O3 (. 56). - O2
2 + 2 cos 2 = 2 2 , cos 2 = ------2- ; 2 = 3 3
------- , = ------- . ,
O1O2O3 R
2 4 8 B
3 3 10 R 3 = R2 3 . A
------- ; ------- ; --- . 57. 2r; ------ r; 4r. 58. 2 Rr . C
8 8 4 3 R 60 O1 O3
A A B - R 2 R 2
---------- , ---------- .
C
AB (. 53); 6 2
B
O2C , AB; , . 56
O2C = AB, O1CO2 , O1C = R r,
R2 3 ---- .
O1 O2
ABC
O1O2 = R + r ( O1O2 2
).
. 53 62. 12 5 8 arccos 11 9 2
------ --- arccos ---
21 2 7
O2C = ( R r)2 (R r )2 = 4Rr = 2 Rr .
A 25 2
------ arccos --- . O1O2 = 7,
C O 2 3
Rr O3
B 59. ----------------------------
-. AB - O2O3 = 8, O1O3 = 9, p = 12 (. 57). -
( R + r)2
D ,
O1 O2 , O1A = R, O2B = r. B
A
O1O2O3 S = 12 5 4 3 = 12 5 .
O (. 54). CD C AB, , - C
O2
. 54 CD = AB, O1CO = ODO2 = --- , O1C = R , O1
2
O2O = r . 58 cos = 11 11 2
------ , = arccos ------ ; cos = --- ,
21 21 7
, CD = CO + OD = (R + )2 (R )2 + . 57
= arccos 2 2 2
--- ; cos = --- , = arccos --- .
7 3 3
+ ( r + ) 2 ( r ) 2 = 2 R + 2 r = AB = 2 Rr
Rr , O1BC
( R + r) = Rr = ----------------------------
-.
( R + r )2
S1 = 1 11 11
--- 42 arccos ------ = 8 arccos ------ ;
2 21 21
B
C 60. R
---- . r
O1 6
N O2AC
, O1 -
, NOA = 90, O1N B S2 = 1 2 9 2
--- 32 arccos --- = --- arccos --- ;
2 7 2 7
B ON, O1N = r OM = r, AM = R r
(. 55). , O3BC
,
O M A
, S3 = 1 2 25 2
--- 52 arccos --- = ------ arccos --- .
. 55 2 3 2 3
370 371
, ABC
64. 6; 9 9
--- ; --- . I . N L B
S S1 S2 S3. 2 2
BC AC
B S S1 , r - M N
63. ) ------1 = 1
--- ; ) ------ = 5. a,
S 2 S2 , S ABC, O
b BC AC - O
C
(. 59). BM = 3, BN = 3 ( A L
D N , S, SANB, SABM, S1 = SABF, . 59
, -
F S2 = S FNB, SAFM -
M , ). -
A L P C ABC, ANB, ABM, ABF, FNB, AFM MB 3 9
BMC BC = --------------------------------------
- = --- = --- .
. 58 (. 58) . 2 2 2
cos arccos --- ---
CN, NB, MC, AM 3 3
2 3 b 3b
--- a, --- a, --- , ------ . LC = NC = BC BN = 9 3
--- 3 = --- .
5 5 4 4 2 2
OMB
DN C AC, D BM; DBN " MBC (-
2 2
DN BN 3 3 b 3b DM CN 2 1 cos arccos --- 1 ---
) ---------
- = --------- = --- DN = --- --- = ------ ; ----------- = --------- = --- 1 2 3 3 3
OM = r = MB tg --- arccos --- = 3 ----------------------------------------- = 3 ------------- = ------
-.
MC BC 5 5 4 20 BM BC 5 2 3 2 2 5
1 + cos arccos --- 1 + ---
DM = 2
--- BM; DFN " MFA (), 3 3
5
DF DN 3b 3b 1 5
x AM AL, p -
---------- = ---------- = ------ : ------ = --- FM = --- DM. BL ABC.
FM AM 20 4 5 6
9 3
ABM ABC , - --- + --- + x + x + 3
S = rp = 1 2 3 2 2
--- AB BC sin arccos --- = ------- ------------------------------------------- =
2 3 2
AM = 3
--- AC, S ABM = 3
--- S.
5
4 4
2
SANB = 3
--- S. FP B AC. FPM " BLM () =1 9
--- (x + 3) --- 1 cos 2 arccos --- 9 + 2x 3(x + 3) 4
----------------- = ---------------------- 1 ---
5 2 2 3 5 2 9
FP FM 5 2 BM 1 BL 2(9 + 2x) = (x + 3)5 x = 3.
-------- - = --- --- ----------- = --- FP = -------- . -
= ----------
BL BM 6 5 BM 3 3
, AB = 6, AC = BC = 9
--- .
AFM ABM , FP AFM - 2
II . MC B AB
1
--- ABC, ABC , , -
3
.
AC BC ,
S
SAFM = 1 1 3
--- SABM = --- --- S = --- , , .
3 3 4 4
MCA = MCB. AMC = BMC ( ),
MAC = MBC, .. ABC : AC =
S S S1
SABF = SABM SAFM = 3 1
--- S --- = --- ------ = --- , = BC = BM: cos arccos 2 2 9
--- = 3 : --- = --- . , MC
4 4 2 S 2 3 3 2
, ,
S S S1
SFNB = SABN S1 = 3
--- S --- = ------ ------ = 5. C ABC. , AB = 6, AC = BC = 9
--- .
5 2 10 S2 2
372 373
, ABC
64. 6; 9 9
--- ; --- . I . N L B
S S1 S2 S3. 2 2
BC AC
B S S1 , r - M N
63. ) ------1 = 1
--- ; ) ------ = 5. a,
S 2 S2 , S ABC, O
b BC AC - O
C
(. 59). BM = 3, BN = 3 ( A L
D N , S, SANB, SABM, S1 = SABF, . 59
, -
F S2 = S FNB, SAFM -
M , ). -
A L P C ABC, ANB, ABM, ABF, FNB, AFM MB 3 9
BMC BC = --------------------------------------
- = --- = --- .
. 58 (. 58) . 2 2 2
cos arccos --- ---
CN, NB, MC, AM 3 3
2 3 b 3b
--- a, --- a, --- , ------ . LC = NC = BC BN = 9 3
--- 3 = --- .
5 5 4 4 2 2
OMB
DN C AC, D BM; DBN " MBC (-
2 2
DN BN 3 3 b 3b DM CN 2 1 cos arccos --- 1 ---
) ---------
- = --------- = --- DN = --- --- = ------ ; ----------- = --------- = --- 1 2 3 3 3
OM = r = MB tg --- arccos --- = 3 ----------------------------------------- = 3 ------------- = ------
-.
MC BC 5 5 4 20 BM BC 5 2 3 2 2 5
1 + cos arccos --- 1 + ---
DM = 2
--- BM; DFN " MFA (), 3 3
5
DF DN 3b 3b 1 5
x AM AL, p -
---------- = ---------- = ------ : ------ = --- FM = --- DM. BL ABC.
FM AM 20 4 5 6
9 3
ABM ABC , - --- + --- + x + x + 3
S = rp = 1 2 3 2 2
--- AB BC sin arccos --- = ------- ------------------------------------------- =
2 3 2
AM = 3
--- AC, S ABM = 3
--- S.
5
4 4
2
SANB = 3
--- S. FP B AC. FPM " BLM () =1 9
--- (x + 3) --- 1 cos 2 arccos --- 9 + 2x 3(x + 3) 4
----------------- = ---------------------- 1 ---
5 2 2 3 5 2 9
FP FM 5 2 BM 1 BL 2(9 + 2x) = (x + 3)5 x = 3.
-------- - = --- --- ----------- = --- FP = -------- . -
= ----------
BL BM 6 5 BM 3 3
, AB = 6, AC = BC = 9
--- .
AFM ABM , FP AFM - 2
II . MC B AB
1
--- ABC, ABC , , -
3
.
AC BC ,
S
SAFM = 1 1 3
--- SABM = --- --- S = --- , , .
3 3 4 4
MCA = MCB. AMC = BMC ( ),
MAC = MBC, .. ABC : AC =
S S S1
SABF = SABM SAFM = 3 1
--- S --- = --- ------ = --- , = BC = BM: cos arccos 2 2 9
--- = 3 : --- = --- . , MC
4 4 2 S 2 3 3 2
, ,
S S S1
SFNB = SABN S1 = 3
--- S --- = ------ ------ = 5. C ABC. , AB = 6, AC = BC = 9
--- .
5 2 10 S2 2
372 373
IX MD = 3. NC = NM + MD +
+ DC , NC MD = NM + DC .
, NC 2 + MD 2 2 NC MD = NM 2 + DC 2 +
+ 2 NM DC , 6 + 9 2 6 cos = 1 + 4 + 0 ( ,
5
NM B DC ), = ( NC , MD ). cos = ----------
-,
1. . . 3 6
.
1. 12 ------2- -------------
337
- . 2. arcsin (sin
5 5
10. arccos 1
M B1 C1
sin ). --- . -
3 D1
NM A1
j
B ( i , j , k)
k (. 60). A NM, AB , ( NM , B (. 62).
k
A e AB ) = , (, ) = . - B
j
C
i
( i , j , k) A
i BCB1 BC1M -
A M D
, i B NM , j B NM , k NM , -
. 62
N j B . .
e , . , n1 B BCB1
. 60 {1; 0; 0}. n2 = {a; b; c}
AB . e
( i , j , k); e = cos sin i + sin sin f + cos k. - BC1M. n2 BC 1 = 0 n2 BM = 0. BC 1 BM
sin ( e , ) = sin --- ( e , j ) = cos ( e , j ) = e j =
2 {0; 1; 1} 1; 1
--- ; 0 . -
2
= sin sin .
b + c = 0, a + --b- = 0. c = 2,
3. arccos (ctg ctg ). , ctg ctg m 1. 2
b = 2 a = 1; , n2 = {1; 2; 2}.
4. 2l(3 + tg2 ); 0. : 1) A B n1 n2:
; 2)
. n1 n 2
cos (n1, n2) = ------------------ 1 1 + 0 ( 2 ) + 0 2 1
- = --------------------------------------------------- = --- .
n1 n2 13 3
m m
B1 C1 5. m + 2h
------- ; 2h ----- ; ----- . 6. 2l
3 3 3
1
M
A1 --- > 0,
2Vtg 2 3
D1 b3
sin 2S + l 2 cos 2 . 7. 3 --------------------- . 8. ------
-. , , , -
sin 2
N BCB1 BC1M.
5
B 9. arccos ----------
-. AA 1 = 2,
P C 3 6 . n2 n2 =
NPC
A D = --c- ; c; c , c 0.
MPD (. 61) NC = 6, 2
. 61
374 375
IX MD = 3. NC = NM + MD +
+ DC , NC MD = NM + DC .
, NC 2 + MD 2 2 NC MD = NM 2 + DC 2 +
+ 2 NM DC , 6 + 9 2 6 cos = 1 + 4 + 0 ( ,
5
NM B DC ), = ( NC , MD ). cos = ----------
-,
1. . . 3 6
.
1. 12 ------2- -------------
337
- . 2. arcsin (sin
5 5
10. arccos 1
M B1 C1
sin ). --- . -
3 D1
NM A1
j
B ( i , j , k)
k (. 60). A NM, AB , ( NM , B (. 62).
k
A e AB ) = , (, ) = . - B
j
C
i
( i , j , k) A
i BCB1 BC1M -
A M D
, i B NM , j B NM , k NM , -
. 62
N j B . .
e , . , n1 B BCB1
. 60 {1; 0; 0}. n2 = {a; b; c}
AB . e
( i , j , k); e = cos sin i + sin sin f + cos k. - BC1M. n2 BC 1 = 0 n2 BM = 0. BC 1 BM
sin ( e , ) = sin --- ( e , j ) = cos ( e , j ) = e j =
2 {0; 1; 1} 1; 1
--- ; 0 . -
2
= sin sin .
b + c = 0, a + --b- = 0. c = 2,
3. arccos (ctg ctg ). , ctg ctg m 1. 2
b = 2 a = 1; , n2 = {1; 2; 2}.
4. 2l(3 + tg2 ); 0. : 1) A B n1 n2:
; 2)
. n1 n 2
cos (n1, n2) = ------------------ 1 1 + 0 ( 2 ) + 0 2 1
- = --------------------------------------------------- = --- .
n1 n2 13 3
m m
B1 C1 5. m + 2h
------- ; 2h ----- ; ----- . 6. 2l
3 3 3
1
M
A1 --- > 0,
2Vtg 2 3
D1 b3
sin 2S + l 2 cos 2 . 7. 3 --------------------- . 8. ------
-. , , , -
sin 2
N BCB1 BC1M.
5
B 9. arccos ----------
-. AA 1 = 2,
P C 3 6 . n2 n2 =
NPC
A D = --c- ; c; c , c 0.
MPD (. 61) NC = 6, 2
. 61
374 375
29 4
AB1 MSN n e = -------------- 3 2
- ------- ------- sin = 0. -
- . 12. l3 sin2
11. a ---------- 3cos 2 sin 2 --- . 19
3 3 3 19 3
, sin = ------2- ; cos = ------
1
- . OBK
3 3
sin ------------- sin +
------------- AKN ON, OSN
p 3 sin 2 2 ( S cos ) 3 tg
13. --------------------------------------
-3 -------------------------------------------------- . 14. ----------------------------------------- .
4 27 SN.
16 1 + sin --- sin ---
2 2
a a a 3 3l 3 tg 2
- ; ----------- . 19. ------- . 20. 2k3 ------- sin2 cos . 21. --------------------------------------- .
18. ------
2 2 6 2 27 ( 4tg 2 + 1 ) 3
15. arccos ------3- . AC PQ,
4 3
--- cos 2 ---
a 3 tg
2
22. ------3- b3(4 tg2 + 1) ctg2 . 23. 6 6 3 V 2 ctg 2 ----------------
2
PQ CA = | PQ | | CA | cos , PQ = QC + - . 24. ------------------ ;
4 cos 24
+ CB
+ CA
----------------------- . a 3 tg
------------------ , -0; ---- . : 1)
3 8 2
-
;
16. a3 ------6- . , MN B PQ. 2)
8
,
C1 B1 17. 3 2 + 3 . .
O1 -
; , -
a ( a2 b2) a ( a2 b2 )
- tg ; --------------------------- tg , -0; ---- .
A1 , - 25. --------------------------
24 8 2
S
, V AB = V ABCA V AA . V ABCA
1 C 1 CB 1 B1 C1 1 B1 C1 1 B1 C1
, sin = 2 ------2- ; cos = 1
--- .
3 3
k
C B ABCA1B1C1 SABC SA1B1C1 -
O eK (. 63). - .
N
AB = 3, AA1 = 4 3 , MSN -
26. ------3- (1 + 2 tg ) a2; ------3- (tg + sec + 1) a2, -0; ---- .
M A j
i , 4 4 2
. 63 AB1 MSN.
NOB = , ( i ; j ; k) 27. 1
--- .
7
A , i BA; k AA1; j ABB1. -
7
e n : e AB1 n MSN. e n 28. arccos ------ . , -
15
( i , j , k) : .
1 3cos 2
29. ) arccos ----------------------------
-. -
3 4 2
- k, n = ( i sin + j cos ) sin + k cos .
e = ------ i + ----------
19 19 , , , -
376 377
29 4
AB1 MSN n e = -------------- 3 2
- ------- ------- sin = 0. -
- . 12. l3 sin2
11. a ---------- 3cos 2 sin 2 --- . 19
3 3 3 19 3
, sin = ------2- ; cos = ------
1
- . OBK
3 3
sin ------------- sin +
------------- AKN ON, OSN
p 3 sin 2 2 ( S cos ) 3 tg
13. --------------------------------------
-3 -------------------------------------------------- . 14. ----------------------------------------- .
4 27 SN.
16 1 + sin --- sin ---
2 2
a a a 3 3l 3 tg 2
- ; ----------- . 19. ------- . 20. 2k3 ------- sin2 cos . 21. --------------------------------------- .
18. ------
2 2 6 2 27 ( 4tg 2 + 1 ) 3
15. arccos ------3- . AC PQ,
4 3
--- cos 2 ---
a 3 tg
2
22. ------3- b3(4 tg2 + 1) ctg2 . 23. 6 6 3 V 2 ctg 2 ----------------
2
PQ CA = | PQ | | CA | cos , PQ = QC + - . 24. ------------------ ;
4 cos 24
+ CB
+ CA
----------------------- . a 3 tg
------------------ , -0; ---- . : 1)
3 8 2
-
;
16. a3 ------6- . , MN B PQ. 2)
8
,
C1 B1 17. 3 2 + 3 . .
O1 -
; , -
a ( a2 b2) a ( a2 b2 )
- tg ; --------------------------- tg , -0; ---- .
A1 , - 25. --------------------------
24 8 2
S
, V AB = V ABCA V AA . V ABCA
1 C 1 CB 1 B1 C1 1 B1 C1 1 B1 C1
, sin = 2 ------2- ; cos = 1
--- .
3 3
k
C B ABCA1B1C1 SABC SA1B1C1 -
O eK (. 63). - .
N
AB = 3, AA1 = 4 3 , MSN -
26. ------3- (1 + 2 tg ) a2; ------3- (tg + sec + 1) a2, -0; ---- .
M A j
i , 4 4 2
. 63 AB1 MSN.
NOB = , ( i ; j ; k) 27. 1
--- .
7
A , i BA; k AA1; j ABB1. -
7
e n : e AB1 n MSN. e n 28. arccos ------ . , -
15
( i , j , k) : .
1 3cos 2
29. ) arccos ----------------------------
-. -
3 4 2
- k, n = ( i sin + j cos ) sin + k cos .
e = ------ i + ----------
19 19 , , , -
376 377
.
44. 32
------ . A, B, C D S
, - 7
, ( r = AH),
cos = cos cos --- + sin sin --- cos , ( OA = OT = x(= 4)
3 3 6
= OK = 4) O T
cos --- = cos2 + sin2 cos , ( AS = BS = CS = DS = 8) - A1
3 S (. 65). ST = x, OH = y.
, - A 2 r H
cos = 1 3
--- --- cos2 . 4 O y(= 1)
2 2 ,
4
30. ------3- h3(3tg2 1), ---- ; ---- . ,
4 6 2 K
SA SA1 = SK ST, . . 8 6 = (x + 8) x;
. 65
S 31. 25
------ . AO B BSC, , x = 4 ( x > 0).
2
ASO = , BSC = (. 64), SO = SA = 8, H S O. -
A1
O AHO AHS AH2 = OA2 OH2 =
B1 VSABC = 1 1
--- --- CS BS sin AS sin ,
3 2 = SA2 SH2 = SA2 (SO OH)2,
r2 = 16 y2 = 64 (8 y)2, y = 1; S
A C1 B V SA =1 1
--- --- C1S B1S sin
1 B1 C1 3 2 r2 = 16 1 = 15, SH = 8 1 = 7.
C A1S sin . , P (. 66), -
R
. 64 V SA : VSABC = (A1S B1S C1S) : SABCD (PA = PS =
1 B1 C1 = R). PH = SH PS = 7 R, P
: (AS BS CS). , APH -
R
V SABC V SA B C (1 + 2)(1 + 2)(2 + 1) 1 1 2 25 PA2 = PH2 + AH2, R2 = (7 R)2 +
1 1 1
----------------------------------------------- = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------ . A r H
V SA B C 112 2 + 15; , R = 32
1 1 1 ------ .
7
32. --- .
. 66
31.
2 61 61
3 45. 36 27
------ . 46. ------ . 47. ------------------------ .
1 + sin 2 ; a 7 5 120 D
33. 2a2 cos ------ sin 2 cos . 34. 1.
3
cos --- 4l 3 sin 2 --- cos ---
48. ------3- h3. P -
2 3 2 2 2 8
35. ------- a --------------------- , ---- ; - . 36. -------------------------------------3- , (0; ).
6 cos 2 --- DABC r,
2
3 ( 1 + sin 2 ) DK ABD
B
2 P
5+1 3
- a . 38. 6
37. -------------------- 3
ak 2 sin sin ak 2 sin sin
---------- -------------------------- , 6 3 ---------- ------------------------- , . (. 67). DKP = OKP = ,
6 6 sin ( + ) 6 sin r
K
21 O
39. 26 2. 40. arctg m
----------------- . 41. arctg ctg 2 + ctg 2 . KO = DO ctg DKO = h ctg 2, A C
2m
r = PO = KO tg OKP = h ctg 2 tg . . 67
42. arccos cos , ---- ; . -
2
T DABC
. 43. arctg ------3- .
2 R ( T DO -
378 379
.
44. 32
------ . A, B, C D S
, - 7
, ( r = AH),
cos = cos cos --- + sin sin --- cos , ( OA = OT = x(= 4)
3 3 6
= OK = 4) O T
cos --- = cos2 + sin2 cos , ( AS = BS = CS = DS = 8) - A1
3 S (. 65). ST = x, OH = y.
, - A 2 r H
cos = 1 3
--- --- cos2 . 4 O y(= 1)
2 2 ,
4
30. ------3- h3(3tg2 1), ---- ; ---- . ,
4 6 2 K
SA SA1 = SK ST, . . 8 6 = (x + 8) x;
. 65
S 31. 25
------ . AO B BSC, , x = 4 ( x > 0).
2
ASO = , BSC = (. 64), SO = SA = 8, H S O. -
A1
O AHO AHS AH2 = OA2 OH2 =
B1 VSABC = 1 1
--- --- CS BS sin AS sin ,
3 2 = SA2 SH2 = SA2 (SO OH)2,
r2 = 16 y2 = 64 (8 y)2, y = 1; S
A C1 B V SA =1 1
--- --- C1S B1S sin
1 B1 C1 3 2 r2 = 16 1 = 15, SH = 8 1 = 7.
C A1S sin . , P (. 66), -
R
. 64 V SA : VSABC = (A1S B1S C1S) : SABCD (PA = PS =
1 B1 C1 = R). PH = SH PS = 7 R, P
: (AS BS CS). , APH -
R
V SABC V SA B C (1 + 2)(1 + 2)(2 + 1) 1 1 2 25 PA2 = PH2 + AH2, R2 = (7 R)2 +
1 1 1
----------------------------------------------- = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = ------ . A r H
V SA B C 112 2 + 15; , R = 32
1 1 1 ------ .
7
32. --- .
. 66
31.
2 61 61
3 45. 36 27
------ . 46. ------ . 47. ------------------------ .
1 + sin 2 ; a 7 5 120 D
33. 2a2 cos ------ sin 2 cos . 34. 1.
3
cos --- 4l 3 sin 2 --- cos ---
48. ------3- h3. P -
2 3 2 2 2 8
35. ------- a --------------------- , ---- ; - . 36. -------------------------------------3- , (0; ).
6 cos 2 --- DABC r,
2
3 ( 1 + sin 2 ) DK ABD
B
2 P
5+1 3
- a . 38. 6
37. -------------------- 3
ak 2 sin sin ak 2 sin sin
---------- -------------------------- , 6 3 ---------- ------------------------- , . (. 67). DKP = OKP = ,
6 6 sin ( + ) 6 sin r
K
21 O
39. 26 2. 40. arctg m
----------------- . 41. arctg ctg 2 + ctg 2 . KO = DO ctg DKO = h ctg 2, A C
2m
r = PO = KO tg OKP = h ctg 2 tg . . 67
42. arccos cos , ---- ; . -
2
T DABC
. 43. arctg ------3- .
2 R ( T DO -
378 379
D DC), . . DT = R 10
= x 2 + ------ . KMC ABC ,
(. 68). CDT = , CO = 2KO + 3
+ 2h ctg 2, CD = DO 2 + CO 2 = KM CL KM 4 3x 2(4 3 x)
----------- = -------- , . ----------- = --------------------- , KM = ------------------------------ . -
AB CO 8 4 3 3
R = h 1 + 4ctg 2 2 , cos = DO 1
--------- = -------------------------------------- , PKM
CD 1 + 4ctg 2 2
T
1 4 3x
--- CD S (x) = SPKM = 1
--- KM PL = ---------------------
10
x 2 + ------ .
2 h ( 1 + 4ctg 2 2 ) 2 3 3
R = ------------
- = ------------------------------------------- .
K O C cos 2
-
. 68 2ctg2 tg
---r- = 1
--- , ------------------------------------
1
- = --- . - 10
2x 2 4x 3 + ------
R 3 2 1 + 4ctg 2 3 3
S(x) = --------------------------------------------- =
, 3x 2 + 10
6 ctg 2 tg = 1 + 4 ctg2 2, 3 5 3
2 x ------- x -----------
3 3
cos 2 sin cos 2 2 = ---------------------------------------------------------
- . -
6 ----------------
- ------------- = 1 + 4 ------------------- ,
sin 2 cos sin 2 2 3x + 10 2
(. 70).
3 cos 2 sin 2 2 + 4cos 2
- = --------------------------------------------
-------------------- -,
cos 2 4sin 2 cos 2 max min + max 43
0 3 5 3 min x
6(1 cos 2)cos 2 = (1 cos22) + 4cos2 2, 3 3
h
cos 2 = 1 1
--- , . . ctg 2 = ----------- . KO = h ctg 2 = ----------- , AB =
3 2 2 2 2 . 70
h 3 3 3 3 S (x)
- , SABC = AB2 ------- = ----------- h2.
= 2 3 KO = ----------
2 4 8
5 3
[0; 4 3 ] , S (0) = 4
--- 30 S ----------- = 7
--- 105 :
3 3 9
VDABC = 1 1 3 3 3
--- h SABC = --- h ----------- h2 = ------- h3.
4
3 3 8 8
--- 30 # 7
--- 105 , 3 4 2 15 # 7 7 15 .
3 9
4
2( 2 1)
49. ------------------------------
- . 50. 3a 2 . 51. 4 ( 2 1)p2. 12 2 # 7 7 , 144 2 # 49 7, 288 < 343.
3
5 3 5 3
52. 7 105 30
AO = BO, PO = ---------- , S (0) < S ----------- , . . Smax = S ----------- = 7
--- 105 .
------------------ . - 3 3 9
9 3
9
P PABC, AB = BC = AC = 8 (. 69), 53. ------ . 54. 27 7 49
--------------- . 55. ------ . P
16 2 95
CO B AB, CO = AB ------3- = 4 3. 56. arctg 2 . -
2
, -
PKM , h
B
(KM C AB), L = CO
A KM, . -
K O1
KM B LP. , , K r
x O ABC - 1 1
2 O
L LO = x, 0 m x m 4 3 = CO, - A C
C M B PABC, 1, 3
CL = 4 3 x, LP = LO 2 + PO 2 =
. 69 PO = h (. 71). PK . 71
380 381
D DC), . . DT = R 10
= x 2 + ------ . KMC ABC ,
(. 68). CDT = , CO = 2KO + 3
+ 2h ctg 2, CD = DO 2 + CO 2 = KM CL KM 4 3x 2(4 3 x)
----------- = -------- , . ----------- = --------------------- , KM = ------------------------------ . -
AB CO 8 4 3 3
R = h 1 + 4ctg 2 2 , cos = DO 1
--------- = -------------------------------------- , PKM
CD 1 + 4ctg 2 2
T
1 4 3x
--- CD S (x) = SPKM = 1
--- KM PL = ---------------------
10
x 2 + ------ .
2 h ( 1 + 4ctg 2 2 ) 2 3 3
R = ------------
- = ------------------------------------------- .
K O C cos 2
-
. 68 2ctg2 tg
---r- = 1
--- , ------------------------------------
1
- = --- . - 10
2x 2 4x 3 + ------
R 3 2 1 + 4ctg 2 3 3
S(x) = --------------------------------------------- =
, 3x 2 + 10
6 ctg 2 tg = 1 + 4 ctg2 2, 3 5 3
2 x ------- x -----------
3 3
cos 2 sin cos 2 2 = ---------------------------------------------------------
- . -
6 ----------------
- ------------- = 1 + 4 ------------------- ,
sin 2 cos sin 2 2 3x + 10 2
(. 70).
3 cos 2 sin 2 2 + 4cos 2
- = --------------------------------------------
-------------------- -,
cos 2 4sin 2 cos 2 max min + max 43
0 3 5 3 min x
6(1 cos 2)cos 2 = (1 cos22) + 4cos2 2, 3 3
h
cos 2 = 1 1
--- , . . ctg 2 = ----------- . KO = h ctg 2 = ----------- , AB =
3 2 2 2 2 . 70
h 3 3 3 3 S (x)
- , SABC = AB2 ------- = ----------- h2.
= 2 3 KO = ----------
2 4 8
5 3
[0; 4 3 ] , S (0) = 4
--- 30 S ----------- = 7
--- 105 :
3 3 9
VDABC = 1 1 3 3 3
--- h SABC = --- h ----------- h2 = ------- h3.
4
3 3 8 8
--- 30 # 7
--- 105 , 3 4 2 15 # 7 7 15 .
3 9
4
2( 2 1)
49. ------------------------------
- . 50. 3a 2 . 51. 4 ( 2 1)p2. 12 2 # 7 7 , 144 2 # 49 7, 288 < 343.
3
5 3 5 3
52. 7 105 30
AO = BO, PO = ---------- , S (0) < S ----------- , . . Smax = S ----------- = 7
--- 105 .
------------------ . - 3 3 9
9 3
9
P PABC, AB = BC = AC = 8 (. 69), 53. ------ . 54. 27 7 49
--------------- . 55. ------ . P
16 2 95
CO B AB, CO = AB ------3- = 4 3. 56. arctg 2 . -
2
, -
PKM , h
B
(KM C AB), L = CO
A KM, . -
K O1
KM B LP. , , K r
x O ABC - 1 1
2 O
L LO = x, 0 m x m 4 3 = CO, - A C
C M B PABC, 1, 3
CL = 4 3 x, LP = LO 2 + PO 2 =
. 69 PO = h (. 71). PK . 71
380 381
ABP CK (O CK). - P
OCP =
, AB = BC = AC = 3 , AP = BP = CP = h 2 + 1 , KO = 1
--- .
2 (. 74). -
O1 r OCP tg = tg OCP = PO
--------- = 2,
h = 2
CO
(OO1 = r); OKO1 = PKO1 = .
KOO1 KOP = arctg 2.
OO PO 2tg 4r
tg = -----------1- = 2r, 2h = --------- = tg 2 = ----------------------- - , 4hr2 +
= ------------------ 57. --- . 58. arctg 2 . 59. 5
------- .
KO KO 2 1 tg 21 4r 4 12
O 1 C
h . 74
+ 2r h = 0, r = ---------------------------------
-. + 19
1 + 4h 2 + 1 60. 2; 2
-------------------- . ,
5 P
P O2 -
M L - K
R (PO2 = CO2 = R), . .
AB, PB BC N
O2 PO , - N Q (. 75)
M
C
R P C PABC , Q
O2 (. 72). - , , L
R POC , cos = P, B A
V1. . 75
= cos OPC = PO h
--------- = -------------------- . R = PO2 =
1 CP h2 +1
K 1
2
O C MNK C ABC (K PC), ,
1
--- CP
V1 VPMNK PMNK
. 72 2 h2 + 1
= ------------
- = ---------------- . VLQCMNK LQC MNK. -
cos 2h
V PABC.
MN MP
R h2 + 1 h 1 1 PMNK PABC, ----------- = ---------- =
---- = ---------------- : ---------------------------------- = --- 1 + -----2-- ( 1 + 4h 2 + 1) AB AP
r 2h 1 + 4h 2 + 1 2 h
MP 1
. - = --- , MA : MP = 2 : 1.
= ---------------------------
MA + MP 3
f(x) = 1 1
--- 1 + ---- ( 1 + 4x + 1). x > 0 ,
2 x
. , S1
, R
---- h > 0, MNK S0 ABC
r
x = h2 > 0. f(x) S1 1 1
------ = --- , ------ . ,
2x 2 2x 1 1 + 4x S0 9 27
f(x) = ------------------------------------------------------------- .
2x 2 1 + 4x
PMNK 1
--- H PABC
, 2x2 2x 1 = 1 + 4x 3
: x = 2. , , h LQCMNK 2H
--------- .
f (x) 3
min + f (x) . 73. , LQ C AB, LQC " ABC. k
2 x fmin = f (2) , , ,
LC
R
---- h = 2. k = -------
AC
- , ,
. 73 r
382 383
ABP CK (O CK). - P
OCP =
, AB = BC = AC = 3 , AP = BP = CP = h 2 + 1 , KO = 1
--- .
2 (. 74). -
O1 r OCP tg = tg OCP = PO
--------- = 2,
h = 2
CO
(OO1 = r); OKO1 = PKO1 = .
KOO1 KOP = arctg 2.
OO PO 2tg 4r
tg = -----------1- = 2r, 2h = --------- = tg 2 = ----------------------- - , 4hr2 +
= ------------------ 57. --- . 58. arctg 2 . 59. 5
------- .
KO KO 2 1 tg 21 4r 4 12
O 1 C
h . 74
+ 2r h = 0, r = ---------------------------------
-. + 19
1 + 4h 2 + 1 60. 2; 2
-------------------- . ,
5 P
P O2 -
M L - K
R (PO2 = CO2 = R), . .
AB, PB BC N
O2 PO , - N Q (. 75)
M
C
R P C PABC , Q
O2 (. 72). - , , L
R POC , cos = P, B A
V1. . 75
= cos OPC = PO h
--------- = -------------------- . R = PO2 =
1 CP h2 +1
K 1
2
O C MNK C ABC (K PC), ,
1
--- CP
V1 VPMNK PMNK
. 72 2 h2 + 1
= ------------
- = ---------------- . VLQCMNK LQC MNK. -
cos 2h
V PABC.
MN MP
R h2 + 1 h 1 1 PMNK PABC, ----------- = ---------- =
---- = ---------------- : ---------------------------------- = --- 1 + -----2-- ( 1 + 4h 2 + 1) AB AP
r 2h 1 + 4h 2 + 1 2 h
MP 1
. - = --- , MA : MP = 2 : 1.
= ---------------------------
MA + MP 3
f(x) = 1 1
--- 1 + ---- ( 1 + 4x + 1). x > 0 ,
2 x
. , S1
, R
---- h > 0, MNK S0 ABC
r
x = h2 > 0. f(x) S1 1 1
------ = --- , ------ . ,
2x 2 2x 1 1 + 4x S0 9 27
f(x) = ------------------------------------------------------------- .
2x 2 1 + 4x
PMNK 1
--- H PABC
, 2x2 2x 1 = 1 + 4x 3
: x = 2. , , h LQCMNK 2H
--------- .
f (x) 3
min + f (x) . 73. , LQ C AB, LQC " ABC. k
2 x fmin = f (2) , , ,
LC
R
---- h = 2. k = -------
AC
- , ,
. 73 r
382 383
S
------2 = k2. , 63. 3 3 3 3
----------- k2 cos2 ; ------- k2 cos ; ------- k2 cos 1 + 3cos 2 ,
S0 4 4 2
VLQCMNK = 1
--- h (S1 + S 1 S 2 + S2).
3 1
cos = ------------------------------
- . , -
S0 1+ 4tg 2
h = 2H
--------- , S1 = ------ , S2 = k2S0 , V =
3 9 7 .
.
=1
--- HS0,
3
2 1
VLQCMNK = ------ (9k2 + 3k + 1)V; VPMNK = ------ V,
27 27 l cos 2 2 3l cos
2
. 65. a (1 ctg ) sin ,
64. ------------------------
- ; --------------------------------- 2 2
6k 2 + 2k + 1 1 + cos 2 4 ( 1 + cos ) 2
- V.
V1 = --------------------------------
9
PABC: --- ; --- . d1 d2 -
4 2
VV
= ----------------1- . 1 2 4r d d 2
V S S = ------------
- . 66. ---------------
-.
2 2 sin
1
V1 = ------------
- V,
1+ 67. H 2 3
----- ; ----------- R2H. 68. --- .
3 9 4
9
k: 6k2 + 2k + 1 ------------
- = 0.
1+
, 4 5
--- , --- . -
69. --- . ABC
5 4 6
D
- , D , O
, k = 2 , E BC
(. 76). = OAD
19 1 C
k = -------------------- . , .
6
- A O E
LC LC k LC LC
-------- = ----------------------- = ------------- , , -------- = 2 -------- = , OA -
LA AC LC 1k AC AC B
ABC ,
19 + 2 a . 76
= -------------------- . - . AE, -
. . ------
5
3
2 sin sin ( )
7
61. ------ . 62. a
--------------------------------------------- ; --- ; 0; 2
-------- , , a 3
17 2 3 ----------- . DOA -
4 3sin 2 sin 2 --- 2
2
a 2 sin sin ( ) 2 : DO = OA tg = atg
--------------- .
----------------------------------------------- (; ), 0; -------- ; 0 - 4
3
4 3sin sin --- 2 2
a 2 tg
2 : SADE = 1
--- DO AE = ------------------ -
2 4
tg --- 2 sin ---
2 2 a2
; = arccos ---------- , = arccos -----------------. : S ABC = -------------3- . S ADE : S ABC = 1 : 3,
3 3 4
, 0; ---- .
1
tg = ------
- . , = --- .
2 3 6
384 385
S
------2 = k2. , 63. 3 3 3 3
----------- k2 cos2 ; ------- k2 cos ; ------- k2 cos 1 + 3cos 2 ,
S0 4 4 2
VLQCMNK = 1
--- h (S1 + S 1 S 2 + S2).
3 1
cos = ------------------------------
- . , -
S0 1+ 4tg 2
h = 2H
--------- , S1 = ------ , S2 = k2S0 , V =
3 9 7 .
.
=1
--- HS0,
3
2 1
VLQCMNK = ------ (9k2 + 3k + 1)V; VPMNK = ------ V,
27 27 l cos 2 2 3l cos
2
. 65. a (1 ctg ) sin ,
64. ------------------------
- ; --------------------------------- 2 2
6k 2 + 2k + 1 1 + cos 2 4 ( 1 + cos ) 2
- V.
V1 = --------------------------------
9
PABC: --- ; --- . d1 d2 -
4 2
VV
= ----------------1- . 1 2 4r d d 2
V S S = ------------
- . 66. ---------------
-.
2 2 sin
1
V1 = ------------
- V,
1+ 67. H 2 3
----- ; ----------- R2H. 68. --- .
3 9 4
9
k: 6k2 + 2k + 1 ------------
- = 0.
1+
, 4 5
--- , --- . -
69. --- . ABC
5 4 6
D
- , D , O
, k = 2 , E BC
(. 76). = OAD
19 1 C
k = -------------------- . , .
6
- A O E
LC LC k LC LC
-------- = ----------------------- = ------------- , , -------- = 2 -------- = , OA -
LA AC LC 1k AC AC B
ABC ,
19 + 2 a . 76
= -------------------- . - . AE, -
. . ------
5
3
2 sin sin ( )
7
61. ------ . 62. a
--------------------------------------------- ; --- ; 0; 2
-------- , , a 3
17 2 3 ----------- . DOA -
4 3sin 2 sin 2 --- 2
2
a 2 sin sin ( ) 2 : DO = OA tg = atg
--------------- .
----------------------------------------------- (; ), 0; -------- ; 0 - 4
3
4 3sin sin --- 2 2
a 2 tg
2 : SADE = 1
--- DO AE = ------------------ -
2 4
tg --- 2 sin ---
2 2 a2
; = arccos ---------- , = arccos -----------------. : S ABC = -------------3- . S ADE : S ABC = 1 : 3,
3 3 4
, 0; ---- .
1
tg = ------
- . , = --- .
2 3 6
384 385
70. --- . 71. --- . 72. --- . 0 2S + 11S
- = 2, S = 2S0, . . H = 4a.
II -----------------------------------
4 3 3 2S 0 + 5S
3 3 a3 7
73. V = a
I
-------------- , V = -------------- . - a2 3a 7 a3 7
h 6 2 , h = 16a 2 ------ = --------------- V = -------------- .
II 4 2 2
-
7b 3 4 7b 3 12h 3 4h 3
H (. 77): - 74. V = 12
--------------------- , V = ------------------ . 75. V = ------------- , V = ---------- .
a 125 65 65 7 21
(I -
) H3 15 3 7H 3
76. V = -------------------
- , V = -------------------- .
. 77 (II ). 48 16
- 77. 150. , -
a. AC (. 78):
h, H. -
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 = 25 + 144 = 13. D
S0, -
a2 -
S. , h = H 2 ------ , S0 = a2, B
4 :
C
S = aH
--------- . S = S DCB + S DBA + S DCA.
2 A
H > a
--- , 0 < S0 < 4S. DB B AB, SDBA = 1
--- . 78
4 2
, - DB AB = 1
--- DC 2 + BC 2 AB =
3 : 1; 2
3S =1
--- 81 + 144 5 = 1 75
--- 15 5 = ------ ;
2 2 2
S 0 + 4 -------------- - S 0 + 3S
4
- = ---------------------------- (3; 7);
I ------------------------------------ SDCB = 1 1
--- DC BC = --- 9 12 = 54;
S S 2 2
4 -----------
4
SDCA = 1 117
--- 9 13 = ---------- .
3S S 0 2 2
S + 2 -------------- - + ------ 2S 0 + 11S
4 2 19 11
- = ------------------------------------ ------ ; ------- .
II ------------------------------------------------------ , S = 75 117
------ + 54 + ---------- = 150.
S 3S S 0 2S 0 + 5S 13 5 2 2
2 ----------- + --------------- + ------
4 4 2
+ 27 41
78. 100 3 + 180. 79. 405
----------------------------------- .
, I , - 2
5, II , 2. 80. 200 + 100 3. 81. S =
b
0 S + 3S S 12L S
I ---------------------------- = 5, S0 = S, . . H = a. = ----------0- L 2 ----------------------0 + 9S 0 3 , L >
S 4 3 4 3
a2 a 3 a2 h > 2 S0 4 3 ( 3 + 1). L = 10
, h = a 2 -----
- = ----------- V = ---------- = a
4 2 3 a 3
S0 = 3
a3 3
= -------------
-. S = 7. (. . 79)
6 . 79
386 387
70. --- . 71. --- . 72. --- . 0 2S + 11S
- = 2, S = 2S0, . . H = 4a.
II -----------------------------------
4 3 3 2S 0 + 5S
3 3 a3 7
73. V = a
I
-------------- , V = -------------- . - a2 3a 7 a3 7
h 6 2 , h = 16a 2 ------ = --------------- V = -------------- .
II 4 2 2
-
7b 3 4 7b 3 12h 3 4h 3
H (. 77): - 74. V = 12
--------------------- , V = ------------------ . 75. V = ------------- , V = ---------- .
a 125 65 65 7 21
(I -
) H3 15 3 7H 3
76. V = -------------------
- , V = -------------------- .
. 77 (II ). 48 16
- 77. 150. , -
a. AC (. 78):
h, H. -
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 = 25 + 144 = 13. D
S0, -
a2 -
S. , h = H 2 ------ , S0 = a2, B
4 :
C
S = aH
--------- . S = S DCB + S DBA + S DCA.
2 A
H > a
--- , 0 < S0 < 4S. DB B AB, SDBA = 1
--- . 78
4 2
, - DB AB = 1
--- DC 2 + BC 2 AB =
3 : 1; 2
3S =1
--- 81 + 144 5 = 1 75
--- 15 5 = ------ ;
2 2 2
S 0 + 4 -------------- - S 0 + 3S
4
- = ---------------------------- (3; 7);
I ------------------------------------ SDCB = 1 1
--- DC BC = --- 9 12 = 54;
S S 2 2
4 -----------
4
SDCA = 1 117
--- 9 13 = ---------- .
3S S 0 2 2
S + 2 -------------- - + ------ 2S 0 + 11S
4 2 19 11
- = ------------------------------------ ------ ; ------- .
II ------------------------------------------------------ , S = 75 117
------ + 54 + ---------- = 150.
S 3S S 0 2S 0 + 5S 13 5 2 2
2 ----------- + --------------- + ------
4 4 2
+ 27 41
78. 100 3 + 180. 79. 405
----------------------------------- .
, I , - 2
5, II , 2. 80. 200 + 100 3. 81. S =
b
0 S + 3S S 12L S
I ---------------------------- = 5, S0 = S, . . H = a. = ----------0- L 2 ----------------------0 + 9S 0 3 , L >
S 4 3 4 3
a2 a 3 a2 h > 2 S0 4 3 ( 3 + 1). L = 10
, h = a 2 -----
- = ----------- V = ---------- = a
4 2 3 a 3
S0 = 3
a3 3
= -------------
-. S = 7. (. . 79)
6 . 79
386 387
a, b.
8. b a 3 sin 2 sin ( + )
3 3
--------- ( tg 2 tg 2 ). 9. ------------------------------------------------------ . 10. ------- . 11. --- .
, 12 sin 10 5
3 1 3
2 3
S0 = a
-------------- ,
4
12. ) 5. V= (||x 1| 2|)2 dx = (x + 1 2)2 dx + (x
0 0 1
L
--- = a + b. 1 3
3 ( x + 1 )3 ( x 3 )3
1 2)2 dx = ------------------------ + ------------------------ = 5.
2 S 3 0
3 1
, a = --------------0 .
4 3
a , - x 1, x (; 1),
|f(x)|2 = (f(x))2 |x 1| 2 = x 3, x [1; +);
2 S0 a2
b = L 3
--- -------------- . S = --- a b 2 ------ =
3 2 4
) 32
4 3 ---------- . V , |x 1| |x + 1| =
3
2
2 S 0 L 2 S 0 S0 S0 12L S 0
=3
--- -------------- --- -------------- ------- = ----------- L 2 ---------------------- + 9S 0 3 . 2, x (; 1), 2
2 4 3 4 3 3 4 4
3 3 = 2x, x [1; 1), , V = (|x 1| |x + 1|)2dx =
3
2, x [1; +).
a 2
b > ------
- -
3 1 1 2
L > 2 S 0 4 3 ( 3 + 1),
=
4dx +
4x2dx +
4dx;
2 1 1
L S0. 82. S = 3r 3 (r + b 2 3r 2 ), b > 2r. r = 1 ) 18
---------- ; ) 2,1; ) 8.
5
b= 7 S = 9 3 . 83. V =
L2 13. .
= r2 ------ 4Lr 3 + 24R 2 , L > 6r( 3 + 1). r = 3
3 a, ,
R
L = 36 V = 18 2 . 84. V = ------ 2S ( 2S 3 3R 2 ) , , -
12 , , -
a3(sin + cos ).
S> 3 3
----------- R2. R = 2 S = 9 3 V = 3.
2
4R 2 H
14. H
----- ; -------------------- .
3 27
2. 2
Hx
V(x) = R2x --------------- x [0; H] (x -
H
ctg --- tg S sin --- S 1 sin --- ).
a3 b 3 2 2 2
1. ------- sin 2 cos . 2. --------- -------------------------- . 3. -------------------------------- --------------------------------- .
8 8
sin 2 --- 3 1 + sin --- sin ---
2 2 2
15. 2 2R 4R
---------------- ; -------- . h, h [0; 2R],
3 3
2 tg --- 1 + sin ---
6 3 2 3 3 2 2 a 3 sin 2 sin 2 V(h) = h
2
---------- (2R h)
4. ----------- a . 5. ---------------------------- . 6. -------------------------------------------------- . 7. -----------------------------------------
-. 3
27 10 + 3 3 3sin 2 ( + )
cos --- cos 2
2 ; r2 = h (2R h).
388 389
a, b.
8. b a 3 sin 2 sin ( + )
3 3
--------- ( tg 2 tg 2 ). 9. ------------------------------------------------------ . 10. ------- . 11. --- .
, 12 sin 10 5
3 1 3
2 3
S0 = a
-------------- ,
4
12. ) 5. V= (||x 1| 2|)2 dx = (x + 1 2)2 dx + (x
0 0 1
L
--- = a + b. 1 3
3 ( x + 1 )3 ( x 3 )3
1 2)2 dx = ------------------------ + ------------------------ = 5.
2 S 3 0
3 1
, a = --------------0 .
4 3
a , - x 1, x (; 1),
|f(x)|2 = (f(x))2 |x 1| 2 = x 3, x [1; +);
2 S0 a2
b = L 3
--- -------------- . S = --- a b 2 ------ =
3 2 4
) 32
4 3 ---------- . V , |x 1| |x + 1| =
3
2
2 S 0 L 2 S 0 S0 S0 12L S 0
=3
--- -------------- --- -------------- ------- = ----------- L 2 ---------------------- + 9S 0 3 . 2, x (; 1), 2
2 4 3 4 3 3 4 4
3 3 = 2x, x [1; 1), , V = (|x 1| |x + 1|)2dx =
3
2, x [1; +).
a 2
b > ------
- -
3 1 1 2
L > 2 S 0 4 3 ( 3 + 1),
=
4dx +
4x2dx +
4dx;
2 1 1
L S0. 82. S = 3r 3 (r + b 2 3r 2 ), b > 2r. r = 1 ) 18
---------- ; ) 2,1; ) 8.
5
b= 7 S = 9 3 . 83. V =
L2 13. .
= r2 ------ 4Lr 3 + 24R 2 , L > 6r( 3 + 1). r = 3
3 a, ,
R
L = 36 V = 18 2 . 84. V = ------ 2S ( 2S 3 3R 2 ) , , -
12 , , -
a3(sin + cos ).
S> 3 3
----------- R2. R = 2 S = 9 3 V = 3.
2
4R 2 H
14. H
----- ; -------------------- .
3 27
2. 2
Hx
V(x) = R2x --------------- x [0; H] (x -
H
ctg --- tg S sin --- S 1 sin --- ).
a3 b 3 2 2 2
1. ------- sin 2 cos . 2. --------- -------------------------- . 3. -------------------------------- --------------------------------- .
8 8
sin 2 --- 3 1 + sin --- sin ---
2 2 2
15. 2 2R 4R
---------------- ; -------- . h, h [0; 2R],
3 3
2 tg --- 1 + sin ---
6 3 2 3 3 2 2 a 3 sin 2 sin 2 V(h) = h
2
---------- (2R h)
4. ----------- a . 5. ---------------------------- . 6. -------------------------------------------------- . 7. -----------------------------------------
-. 3
27 10 + 3 3 3sin 2 ( + )
cos --- cos 2
2 ; r2 = h (2R h).
388 389
16. , R 2 , , 4a 3 32r 3 cos l 2 cos
- sin2 cos sin . 4. ------------------------------- . 5. ----------------------------
V = --------- -.
4R. r, H, , 75 2 1 + 3cos
3 sin ---
2
.
l 3 sin 2 ---
2 1 + 2 cos r 2
. 8. a
3
6. ------------------------ --------------------------- . 7. --------------- ---------- sin3 tg . 9. 2 arcsin tg ,
r = R ctg
--- , H = r tg = R ctg --- tg ; V() = ---------- tg ctg3 --- ,
R 3 9 3 24
2 2 3 2 sin 4 ---
2
0; --- .
2 0; --- . 10. ab ( 4a 2 b 2 + c 2 ( a 2 + b 2 ) 2ab )
-.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 c(a + b )
2 2
t = tg
---
3h 2
- , 0; -------- .
2 S
11. --------------------------
, 4 cos + 2 3
3 SABC (. 80) ,
V (t) = 2R 1
- , t (0; 1),
-------------- ------------------------ B
3 ( 1 t )t
2 2
O
SO(SO = h), A
2R 3 2 ( 2t 2 1 )
V (t) = -------------- --------------------------- ASS1 (S1 SO
-. S1 C
3 (1 t ) t
2 2 3
). A S1 ,
SAS1 . 80
1 1 1
- V ------- = 0, 0; ------- -
t = ------
2 2 2 A = --- , SS - .
2 1
1
V (t) < 0, ------
- ; 1 -
2 x
SS1 = 2R, BC = x; AO = ------
-
1 3
V (t) > 0, . . t = ------
- V (t) -
2 OS 1 AO x2
----------- = --------- , ------ = h (2R h). AOS -
, - AO OS 3
2
21 2
t (0; 1). r = R 2 H = R 2 ----------------------
- = 4R.
, AS2 = x
------ + h2. ,
1 3
1 ---
2 AS2 + SC2 2AS SC cos = x2
17. R 3 . 18. 4 64
--- R; ------ R3. x2
3 81 - (1 cos ),
, AS = SC, AS2 = -----
2
x2 x2 x2 2h 2 ( 1 cos )
-------------------------------- = ------ + h2, ------ = --------------------------------------- .
3. 2 ( 1 cos ) 3 3 1 + 2 cos
2h 2 ( 1 cos )
4V a 3 ( 2 + tg ) 3 ctg 2 - = h(2R h), .
--------------------------------------
1. --------------------------------------- . 2. --------------------------------------------------- . 1 + 2 cos
2
--- 6
3
3 ( 4Wctg )
h cos + a
2 2 2
12. --------------------------------------
-. -
2 cos
3. 0; --- , 0, --- , : --------------------------
V
- .
2 2 sin ( + )
, ,
V V
------------------------- ; 0; --- , 0; --- , = : --------------------------- ;
sin 2 2 sin ( + ) , .
390 391
16. , R 2 , , 4a 3 32r 3 cos l 2 cos
- sin2 cos sin . 4. ------------------------------- . 5. ----------------------------
V = --------- -.
4R. r, H, , 75 2 1 + 3cos
3 sin ---
2
.
l 3 sin 2 ---
2 1 + 2 cos r 2
. 8. a
3
6. ------------------------ --------------------------- . 7. --------------- ---------- sin3 tg . 9. 2 arcsin tg ,
r = R ctg
--- , H = r tg = R ctg --- tg ; V() = ---------- tg ctg3 --- ,
R 3 9 3 24
2 2 3 2 sin 4 ---
2
0; --- .
2 0; --- . 10. ab ( 4a 2 b 2 + c 2 ( a 2 + b 2 ) 2ab )
-.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 c(a + b )
2 2
t = tg
---
3h 2
- , 0; -------- .
2 S
11. --------------------------
, 4 cos + 2 3
3 SABC (. 80) ,
V (t) = 2R 1
- , t (0; 1),
-------------- ------------------------ B
3 ( 1 t )t
2 2
O
SO(SO = h), A
2R 3 2 ( 2t 2 1 )
V (t) = -------------- --------------------------- ASS1 (S1 SO
-. S1 C
3 (1 t ) t
2 2 3
). A S1 ,
SAS1 . 80
1 1 1
- V ------- = 0, 0; ------- -
t = ------
2 2 2 A = --- , SS - .
2 1
1
V (t) < 0, ------
- ; 1 -
2 x
SS1 = 2R, BC = x; AO = ------
-
1 3
V (t) > 0, . . t = ------
- V (t) -
2 OS 1 AO x2
----------- = --------- , ------ = h (2R h). AOS -
, - AO OS 3
2
21 2
t (0; 1). r = R 2 H = R 2 ----------------------
- = 4R.
, AS2 = x
------ + h2. ,
1 3
1 ---
2 AS2 + SC2 2AS SC cos = x2
17. R 3 . 18. 4 64
--- R; ------ R3. x2
3 81 - (1 cos ),
, AS = SC, AS2 = -----
2
x2 x2 x2 2h 2 ( 1 cos )
-------------------------------- = ------ + h2, ------ = --------------------------------------- .
3. 2 ( 1 cos ) 3 3 1 + 2 cos
2h 2 ( 1 cos )
4V a 3 ( 2 + tg ) 3 ctg 2 - = h(2R h), .
--------------------------------------
1. --------------------------------------- . 2. --------------------------------------------------- . 1 + 2 cos
2
--- 6
3
3 ( 4Wctg )
h cos + a
2 2 2
12. --------------------------------------
-. -
2 cos
3. 0; --- , 0, --- , : --------------------------
V
- .
2 2 sin ( + )
, ,
V V
------------------------- ; 0; --- , 0; --- , = : --------------------------- ;
sin 2 2 sin ( + ) , .
390 391
4a 3 4 b sin S
S - . 14. --- R3 sin22 sin2
13. ------------------------------ 18. --------------------------------
-. O
3
9 3sin 3 2 2 1 + cos ---
2
sin , 0; --- . 15. sin 2
6V B
3 ------- ------------------------- , , O
O 4 1 + cos 2
SABC (. 82), AC = AB = b, A L
O1
--- ; 2 SA B ABC, ALS -
B C 4 --- . 16. arcsin ------- ; --- . K
2 5 4 , C
O1 ASC ASB.
A D . 82
3
. 81
17. arccos 309
---------- ; arccos ------ .
325 13 BAC = ALS = . O (ALS) OL -
SABCD - ALS. O1 O -
(. 81), O1 - ; O1 AL CAB,
S ABCD -
, ABCD. O1,
ABCD - AB AC ABC. -
, ABCD. - AC K, O1K = OO1 = r, r
, O SO1. .
ASC , SAC = SCA.
OO1L O1L = r ctg
--- .
AC - 2
ABCD, AC = + = 5. AB 2 BC 2 AO1 = AL O1L = b cos
--- r ctg --- . -
2 2
, , -
ASC, R , - AKO1 O1K = r =
ASC, 6,5. - = AO1sin
--- = b cos --- r ctg --- sin --- , -
2 2 2 2
AC 2
AOO1 SO1 R 2 = R2 ----------- , SO1 = R
4 hr
- r.
r, . 19. -------------------------
r 2 + 4h 2
AC 2
R 2 ----------- = 6,5 6.
4
O 1
. 20. ----------
1
- ; ------- . , -
SABCD, . -
2 6 6
2 2
, -
AO1S: AS = SO 1 + AO 1 = 162, 5 . BSC - : , ,
BS + CS BC 2 3092 2 ,
cos BSC = ----------------------------------------------
- = ---------- ,
2BS CS 325
. 21. a
3
---------- sin3 tg3 --- .
6 2
BSC = arccos 309
---------- .
325 V , S
O SABCD,
V = 1
--- rS -
, BSC = 3
a 2 cos
. 22. ------------------------ , a 0; --- .
3 3
= arccos ------ = arccos ------ .
13 13 1 + sin 2
392 393
4a 3 4 b sin S
S - . 14. --- R3 sin22 sin2
13. ------------------------------ 18. --------------------------------
-. O
3
9 3sin 3 2 2 1 + cos ---
2
sin , 0; --- . 15. sin 2
6V B
3 ------- ------------------------- , , O
O 4 1 + cos 2
SABC (. 82), AC = AB = b, A L
O1
--- ; 2 SA B ABC, ALS -
B C 4 --- . 16. arcsin ------- ; --- . K
2 5 4 , C
O1 ASC ASB.
A D . 82
3
. 81
17. arccos 309
---------- ; arccos ------ .
325 13 BAC = ALS = . O (ALS) OL -
SABCD - ALS. O1 O -
(. 81), O1 - ; O1 AL CAB,
S ABCD -
, ABCD. O1,
ABCD - AB AC ABC. -
, ABCD. - AC K, O1K = OO1 = r, r
, O SO1. .
ASC , SAC = SCA.
OO1L O1L = r ctg
--- .
AC - 2
ABCD, AC = + = 5. AB 2 BC 2 AO1 = AL O1L = b cos
--- r ctg --- . -
2 2
, , -
ASC, R , - AKO1 O1K = r =
ASC, 6,5. - = AO1sin
--- = b cos --- r ctg --- sin --- , -
2 2 2 2
AC 2
AOO1 SO1 R 2 = R2 ----------- , SO1 = R
4 hr
- r.
r, . 19. -------------------------
r 2 + 4h 2
AC 2
R 2 ----------- = 6,5 6.
4
O 1
. 20. ----------
1
- ; ------- . , -
SABCD, . -
2 6 6
2 2
, -
AO1S: AS = SO 1 + AO 1 = 162, 5 . BSC - : , ,
BS + CS BC 2 3092 2 ,
cos BSC = ----------------------------------------------
- = ---------- ,
2BS CS 325
. 21. a
3
---------- sin3 tg3 --- .
6 2
BSC = arccos 309
---------- .
325 V , S
O SABCD,
V = 1
--- rS -
, BSC = 3
a 2 cos
. 22. ------------------------ , a 0; --- .
3 3
= arccos ------ = arccos ------ .
13 13 1 + sin 2
392 393
r r = a
--- tg --- , 7 R 3 ( 12 3 15 )
2 2 35. R3 4
----------------- ; -------------------------------------------- . 36. 2r2 sin . 37. arccos tg --- .
2 2 2
-
. , ,
, .
2 2
1 + tg --- 1 tg --- 4r 2
Sctg 2 --- 4R 3 2 4R 3 2 38. -------------------------
-. , S
23. --------------------- . 24. ----------- ----------------------------- tg --- ; ----------- ----------------------------- ctg --- .
2 sin cos
cos 3 2 3 2
1 tg --- 1 + tg --- S , ,
2 2
: 1) ; S cos = S. 39. 3a2 ------2- . -
2) - 5
m 2 + mn + n 2 a cos 2 R 3 ( i , j , k) A ,
. 25. 2
--- ------------------------------------ . 26. ------------------------------ . 27. ---------- tg3
mn 2 sin + 2 3 . 83. C1AC = ; n, -
AB1C1D1. (n, j ) = 120,
tg 2. 28. r cos 1 1
--- tg --- --- . 29. --- tg ctg3 --- . 30. arccos ------- .
2 4 2 4 2 5 n ( i , j , k ) -
1 2q 4 2 : n = sin cos 45 i sin cos 45 j + cos k.
31. a + - . 32. q2 ------------ , q (0; 2). 33. ----------- tg ctg3 --- .
a + ----------
2 a 4 3 2
1183R 3 637R 3 S
34. ------------------------
- ; --------------------- .
12 000 12 000
ABCD R O.
, -
DO1, O1 ABC, C1
. , - B1
DAD1, D1 B O1 C
n k
DO1 . OD = OA = R.
j D1
OO1 = 0,3R, D1O1 = 0,7R. - O
A D
2 i
AD1O1 ADO1 AO 1 = D1O1 DO1 =
= 1,3R 0,7R = 0,91R2. O1A - . 83
ABC ; r -
r = 1
--- AO1. nj = cos (n, j ) = 1
--- = sin cos 45 = 45.
2 2
ASB AC1C
V1 , : V1 = 1
--- r2 DO1 =
3
: AC1 = 8 a 2 2
--- , AO = OO1 = a ------- , SO1 = 3a ------- .
R3 5 2 2
= 1183 ------------------ .
12 000
SBD SB1D1 B1D1 = 3a ------2- . ,
4
R3
D1. V2 637 ------------------ . S= 1
--- AC1 B1D1, .
12 000 2
394 395
r r = a
--- tg --- , 7 R 3 ( 12 3 15 )
2 2 35. R3 4
----------------- ; -------------------------------------------- . 36. 2r2 sin . 37. arccos tg --- .
2 2 2
-
. , ,
, .
2 2
1 + tg --- 1 tg --- 4r 2
Sctg 2 --- 4R 3 2 4R 3 2 38. -------------------------
-. , S
23. --------------------- . 24. ----------- ----------------------------- tg --- ; ----------- ----------------------------- ctg --- .
2 sin cos
cos 3 2 3 2
1 tg --- 1 + tg --- S , ,
2 2
: 1) ; S cos = S. 39. 3a2 ------2- . -
2) - 5
m 2 + mn + n 2 a cos 2 R 3 ( i , j , k) A ,
. 25. 2
--- ------------------------------------ . 26. ------------------------------ . 27. ---------- tg3
mn 2 sin + 2 3 . 83. C1AC = ; n, -
AB1C1D1. (n, j ) = 120,
tg 2. 28. r cos 1 1
--- tg --- --- . 29. --- tg ctg3 --- . 30. arccos ------- .
2 4 2 4 2 5 n ( i , j , k ) -
1 2q 4 2 : n = sin cos 45 i sin cos 45 j + cos k.
31. a + - . 32. q2 ------------ , q (0; 2). 33. ----------- tg ctg3 --- .
a + ----------
2 a 4 3 2
1183R 3 637R 3 S
34. ------------------------
- ; --------------------- .
12 000 12 000
ABCD R O.
, -
DO1, O1 ABC, C1
. , - B1
DAD1, D1 B O1 C
n k
DO1 . OD = OA = R.
j D1
OO1 = 0,3R, D1O1 = 0,7R. - O
A D
2 i
AD1O1 ADO1 AO 1 = D1O1 DO1 =
= 1,3R 0,7R = 0,91R2. O1A - . 83
ABC ; r -
r = 1
--- AO1. nj = cos (n, j ) = 1
--- = sin cos 45 = 45.
2 2
ASB AC1C
V1 , : V1 = 1
--- r2 DO1 =
3
: AC1 = 8 a 2 2
--- , AO = OO1 = a ------- , SO1 = 3a ------- .
R3 5 2 2
= 1183 ------------------ .
12 000
SBD SB1D1 B1D1 = 3a ------2- . ,
4
R3
D1. V2 637 ------------------ . S= 1
--- AC1 B1D1, .
12 000 2
394 395
40. - . ,
, AA1D1D BB1C1C (
, A1B1, -
a 2 sin sin cos ).
- 2 + --------------------------- , 0; --- .
S = ------------------------------
9 sin ( + ) sin ( + ) 2 C1D1 . BB1C1C
- C1 B1P CC 1 , -
,
AA1D1D D1 A1N D 1 D 1 .
2a 2 sin 2 sin cos
- 1 + ------------------------------ , [0; arctg (3tg )],
S = ------------------------------ ,
9 sin ( + ) sin ( + )
CC1 D1D1 . -
a 2 sin sin cos
- 2 --------------------------- , arcctg (3tg ); --- .
S = ------------------------------ , C 1 D 1
9 sin ( a ) sin ( ) 2
C1D1 . C1D1, ,
4V
41. ------- . x , H
3
3 d = C 1 C 1 = D 1 D 1 .
x2 3
, V = H ------------- 4V
- , H = -------------- . O MN C 1 D 1 , O1
4 3x 2
C1D1,
: S = 3H + 6x = 6x +
O ( O1D1 = OD 1 ). ,
3V 3V
+ 4 -----------
- . , S (x) = 6x + 4 -----------
-,
x 2 2 x OO1 MN C1D1 OO1 =
x (0; +); - = d MN C1D1,
. S(x). , MN C1D1 : d < ST -
3V 4V 3 3 4V S MN T C1D1, S O, -
S(x) = 6 8 -----------
- = 0, x = ------------ ; 0; ------------
3 x 3 3 T O1. , O
S(x) < 0 (S(x) ), - d, C1D1 ( O1),
3 4V MN ( ,
------------- ; + S(x) > 0 (S(x) ). - MN)
3
C1D1 ( , C1D1).
4V
, x = ------------
3
S (x) , - d = D 1 D 1 . a ( -
3 a = 5), , AN = 3a
------- . -
(0; +). 4
AA 1 + AN 2 = 5a
2
, A1N = ------- . -
4
a 4
B1 C1 42. 4. - AA1N D 1 D 1 A d = D 1 D 1 = a -----------
- = 5 --- = 4.
A1 N 5
M MN C1D1 (. 84).
C1 O1 , - 3 3h 3 P
A1
D1 43. 27 3
--------------- h m 3; -----------------
- h > 3.
O MN - 2 h 3
2 2
x
D1 P C1D1. PO = x , T
C
B A1B1, A1B1 C C1D1. T
( PK), , TO
A N D NP, K O C
A1N B1P, - , . . TO = 3 (. 85). . 85
. 84
396 397
40. - . ,
, AA1D1D BB1C1C (
, A1B1, -
a 2 sin sin cos ).
- 2 + --------------------------- , 0; --- .
S = ------------------------------
9 sin ( + ) sin ( + ) 2 C1D1 . BB1C1C
- C1 B1P CC 1 , -
,
AA1D1D D1 A1N D 1 D 1 .
2a 2 sin 2 sin cos
- 1 + ------------------------------ , [0; arctg (3tg )],
S = ------------------------------ ,
9 sin ( + ) sin ( + )
CC1 D1D1 . -
a 2 sin sin cos
- 2 --------------------------- , arcctg (3tg ); --- .
S = ------------------------------ , C 1 D 1
9 sin ( a ) sin ( ) 2
C1D1 . C1D1, ,
4V
41. ------- . x , H
3
3 d = C 1 C 1 = D 1 D 1 .
x2 3
, V = H ------------- 4V
- , H = -------------- . O MN C 1 D 1 , O1
4 3x 2
C1D1,
: S = 3H + 6x = 6x +
O ( O1D1 = OD 1 ). ,
3V 3V
+ 4 -----------
- . , S (x) = 6x + 4 -----------
-,
x 2 2 x OO1 MN C1D1 OO1 =
x (0; +); - = d MN C1D1,
. S(x). , MN C1D1 : d < ST -
3V 4V 3 3 4V S MN T C1D1, S O, -
S(x) = 6 8 -----------
- = 0, x = ------------ ; 0; ------------
3 x 3 3 T O1. , O
S(x) < 0 (S(x) ), - d, C1D1 ( O1),
3 4V MN ( ,
------------- ; + S(x) > 0 (S(x) ). - MN)
3
C1D1 ( , C1D1).
4V
, x = ------------
3
S (x) , - d = D 1 D 1 . a ( -
3 a = 5), , AN = 3a
------- . -
(0; +). 4
AA 1 + AN 2 = 5a
2
, A1N = ------- . -
4
a 4
B1 C1 42. 4. - AA1N D 1 D 1 A d = D 1 D 1 = a -----------
- = 5 --- = 4.
A1 N 5
M MN C1D1 (. 84).
C1 O1 , - 3 3h 3 P
A1
D1 43. 27 3
--------------- h m 3; -----------------
- h > 3.
O MN - 2 h 3
2 2
x
D1 P C1D1. PO = x , T
C
B A1B1, A1B1 C C1D1. T
( PK), , TO
A N D NP, K O C
A1N B1P, - , . . TO = 3 (. 85). . 85
. 84
396 397
x > 3 , , x l h . - EHO OH = OE sin --- = ------
11 3
- ------- =
3 2 T
3
OKP = . PTO TO 3
--------- = sin ---- - , ------- = cos ;
PO 2 x
= 11 11
------ . x = OL 0 m x m ------ D H E
2 2
TO 3 3x
KTO KO = ------------
- = -------------------- = -------------------- . KO - x . - M
xL K
sin 3 x 32
1 ------ POL , PL = C
x2 11 O F
3
, ABC, = OL 2 + PO 2 = x 2 + 9 . CD
6x . 88
AB = 2 3 KO = -------------------
- . , FE T (. 88).
x2 3 DTE, DOE, CDO, OEF -
AB 2 3 9 3x 2 11 11 MK TL
SABC = -----------------------
- = -----------------
- , - - ------ . MTK " CTF, ----------- = --------- , . .
------
4 x 3 2 3 2 CF TO
x3 MK 11 x 2
V (x) = 1
--- S ABC x = 3 3 ---------------
- . ----------- = ---------------- , MK = ------- (11 x).
22 11
3 2 x 3 ------- 3
Vmin V (x) = 3
x 3)(x + 3) 1
=3 3 (------------------------------------ , - S (x) = ------
- (11 x) x 2 + 9 ;
(x 3) 2 2 3
(. 86).
-0; 11
------ . -
2
+
x 1 ) ( 2x 9 )
3 3 x S (x) = (----------------------------------------
3 x2 + 9
. 86 (. 89).
h m 3, , x m h, max 1 + max
11
2
27 27 3 0 min 9 min x
Vmin = V(3) = 3 3 ------------
- = --------------- . 2
93 2
h > 3, x [h; + ) V (x) . 89
h3 S (0) ( )
. , Vmin = V(h) = 3 3 ---------------
-.
h 32
9 9
S --- ( ): S(0) = 11 3 , S --- =
44. ) ------3- (16 + 13 13 + 5 157 ). 2 2
P 4
MK C DE MKP = 13 39 13 39
------------------ . 11 3 # ------------------ ; 44 # 13 13 ; 442 # 132 13;
4 4
PABCDEF (. 87);
9 9
11
AB = ------
- , PO = 3. 1936 < 2197 S(0) < S --- , . . Smax = S --- OL = x = 9
--- ,
2 2 2
3
B C LH = OH OL = 1.
3 OH B DE (EH = DH), L =
O M = MK OH. OL B MK, -
A D
11
L
H PL B MK, PKMDE. SKMDE =
3
=1 1 2 9 11
--- (MK + DE) LH = --- -------- 11 ---- + --------- 1 = 4 3 ; SMKP =
F K E
S MKP = 1
--- MK PL.
2 2 2
2 3 3
. 87
398 399
x > 3 , , x l h . - EHO OH = OE sin --- = ------
11 3
- ------- =
3 2 T
3
OKP = . PTO TO 3
--------- = sin ---- - , ------- = cos ;
PO 2 x
= 11 11
------ . x = OL 0 m x m ------ D H E
2 2
TO 3 3x
KTO KO = ------------
- = -------------------- = -------------------- . KO - x . - M
xL K
sin 3 x 32
1 ------ POL , PL = C
x2 11 O F
3
, ABC, = OL 2 + PO 2 = x 2 + 9 . CD
6x . 88
AB = 2 3 KO = -------------------
- . , FE T (. 88).
x2 3 DTE, DOE, CDO, OEF -
AB 2 3 9 3x 2 11 11 MK TL
SABC = -----------------------
- = -----------------
- , - - ------ . MTK " CTF, ----------- = --------- , . .
------
4 x 3 2 3 2 CF TO
x3 MK 11 x 2
V (x) = 1
--- S ABC x = 3 3 ---------------
- . ----------- = ---------------- , MK = ------- (11 x).
22 11
3 2 x 3 ------- 3
Vmin V (x) = 3
x 3)(x + 3) 1
=3 3 (------------------------------------ , - S (x) = ------
- (11 x) x 2 + 9 ;
(x 3) 2 2 3
(. 86).
-0; 11
------ . -
2
+
x 1 ) ( 2x 9 )
3 3 x S (x) = (----------------------------------------
3 x2 + 9
. 86 (. 89).
h m 3, , x m h, max 1 + max
11
2
27 27 3 0 min 9 min x
Vmin = V(3) = 3 3 ------------
- = --------------- . 2
93 2
h > 3, x [h; + ) V (x) . 89
h3 S (0) ( )
. , Vmin = V(h) = 3 3 ---------------
-.
h 32
9 9
S --- ( ): S(0) = 11 3 , S --- =
44. ) ------3- (16 + 13 13 + 5 157 ). 2 2
P 4
MK C DE MKP = 13 39 13 39
------------------ . 11 3 # ------------------ ; 44 # 13 13 ; 442 # 132 13;
4 4
PABCDEF (. 87);
9 9
11
AB = ------
- , PO = 3. 1936 < 2197 S(0) < S --- , . . Smax = S --- OL = x = 9
--- ,
2 2 2
3
B C LH = OH OL = 1.
3 OH B DE (EH = DH), L =
O M = MK OH. OL B MK, -
A D
11
L
H PL B MK, PKMDE. SKMDE =
3
=1 1 2 9 11
--- (MK + DE) LH = --- -------- 11 ---- + --------- 1 = 4 3 ; SMKP =
F K E
S MKP = 1
--- MK PL.
2 2 2
2 3 3
. 87
398 399
9
= S --- = 13 39 2
------------------ ; KE = MD = LH : sin --- = ------- ; , h . h ctg =
2 4 3 3
= 2h ctg ctg = 2 ctg h = k sin . -
KEP, MDP DEP PH =
h
121 157 1 157 ( ): l = -----------
- . -
= PO 2 + OH 2 = 9 + ---------- = -------------- ; SKEP = --- KE PH = -------------- ; sin
4 2 2 2 3 :
SDEP = 1 11 157
--- DE PH = ---------------------- . S = 1
h 2 1
--- ------------ sin = --- k2 sin2 (1 + 4 ctg2 ) sin .
2 4 3 2 sin 2
,
--- ,
S = SKMDE + SMKP + 2SKEP + SDEP = 4 3 + 13 39
------------------ + 2
4
157 11 157 3 > --- , . . 2 ctg < 1 arcctg 1
--- ; ---- ;
- + ---------------------- = ------- (16 + 13 13 + 5 157 ). ) 30 3 ;
+ ------------- 4 2 2
3 4 3 4
Smax = 1
--- k2 sin2 2 ctg = 2k2sin2 ctg = k2 sin 2.
) 312 3. 2
0 < m --- , . . 0; arcctg 1 1
--- , Smax = --- l2 =
4 2 2
k2
45. k2 sin 2 arcctg 1
--- ; ---- , ------ (1 + 3 cos2 ) =1 k2
--- k2sin2 (1 + 4 ctg2 ) = ------ (1 + 3 cos2 ).
2 2 2 2 2
0; arcctg 1
--- . , -
2 a sin
46. ------------------------------------------- . F
, - 2 + 1 + 3cos 2
, S = 1 FABCD -
--- l2 sin , l -
2 , FK FN - P M
, - ABF CDF - L x
, . (. 90). h C
B
- AD = a, FKN = .
, , - P K O N
, (0; ). (P FO -
), A a D
, FK FN . 90
L M .
S () = 1
--- l2 cos : 1) 0 ; ---- ,
x = LP 0 m x m a
F
2 2 ----
2
cos > 0, . . S() -
x .
= ; Smax = 1
--- l2 h = PO.
2
LPF L x P M
sin ; 2) ---- ; - , cos m 0 = --- LP
KOF (. 91) --------- FP
= -------- =
h
2 2 KO FO
K
a
2
O N
2 PO
S(); Smax = l---- . = FO PO
------------------------ = 1 --------- .
2 FO FO . 91
400 401
9
= S --- = 13 39 2
------------------ ; KE = MD = LH : sin --- = ------- ; , h . h ctg =
2 4 3 3
= 2h ctg ctg = 2 ctg h = k sin . -
KEP, MDP DEP PH =
h
121 157 1 157 ( ): l = -----------
- . -
= PO 2 + OH 2 = 9 + ---------- = -------------- ; SKEP = --- KE PH = -------------- ; sin
4 2 2 2 3 :
SDEP = 1 11 157
--- DE PH = ---------------------- . S = 1
h 2 1
--- ------------ sin = --- k2 sin2 (1 + 4 ctg2 ) sin .
2 4 3 2 sin 2
,
--- ,
S = SKMDE + SMKP + 2SKEP + SDEP = 4 3 + 13 39
------------------ + 2
4
157 11 157 3 > --- , . . 2 ctg < 1 arcctg 1
--- ; ---- ;
- + ---------------------- = ------- (16 + 13 13 + 5 157 ). ) 30 3 ;
+ ------------- 4 2 2
3 4 3 4
Smax = 1
--- k2 sin2 2 ctg = 2k2sin2 ctg = k2 sin 2.
) 312 3. 2
0 < m --- , . . 0; arcctg 1 1
--- , Smax = --- l2 =
4 2 2
k2
45. k2 sin 2 arcctg 1
--- ; ---- , ------ (1 + 3 cos2 ) =1 k2
--- k2sin2 (1 + 4 ctg2 ) = ------ (1 + 3 cos2 ).
2 2 2 2 2
0; arcctg 1
--- . , -
2 a sin
46. ------------------------------------------- . F
, - 2 + 1 + 3cos 2
, S = 1 FABCD -
--- l2 sin , l -
2 , FK FN - P M
, - ABF CDF - L x
, . (. 90). h C
B
- AD = a, FKN = .
, , - P K O N
, (0; ). (P FO -
), A a D
, FK FN . 90
L M .
S () = 1
--- l2 cos : 1) 0 ; ---- ,
x = LP 0 m x m a
F
2 2 ----
2
cos > 0, . . S() -
x .
= ; Smax = 1
--- l2 h = PO.
2
LPF L x P M
sin ; 2) ---- ; - , cos m 0 = --- LP
KOF (. 91) --------- FP
= -------- =
h
2 2 KO FO
K
a
2
O N
2 PO
S(); Smax = l---- . = FO PO
------------------------ = 1 --------- .
2 FO FO . 91
400 401
LP = x, KO = a a x h
--- , PO = h, FO = --- tg , --- = 1 --------------- ,
2 2 a a a2
--- --- tg ------ tg
2 2 S LFMO 6
r = ----------------------- + -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- =
FL + OL a a
. . h = a
--- x tg . , V = V(x) = ----------------- + ----------------- sin 2 + 4cos 2
2 3 cos 6 cos
tg a asin asin
=1
--- x2 h = -------------- x2 --- x . = ------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------------------------------- .
3 3 2 2 + sin 2 + 4cos 2 2 + 1 + 3cos 2
V(x) V(x) = tg
-------------- x(a 3x), -
3
2 + a2 49a 4 + 72a 2 H 2 + 16H 4
(. 92). 47. 48H
---------------------------- . 48. --------------------------------------------------------------------- .
96H 16H
+ max 3asin
49. ---------------------------------------------------
-.
0
a
a x
3 ( 2 + 1 + 3cos 2 )
3 2
. 92
50. 7
--- . O1 , -
2
x = a
--- , SABC, O1A = O1S = R ,
3 S
SP = 4 (. 94).
h = a a a 1
--- --- tg = --- tg = --- FO. ,
2 3 6 3 O1
F , , -
( - O1
2
). , O. M
(. 93) - O1 O1M y
L r P M , - SP A
x
B
r OO1MP - O P
LFMO, LM
x = OP = O1M y = OO1 = PM. -
K
a
2
O N FO - C
. 93 P. . 94
O1OA O1MS:
, , -
2
, - O1A2 = OA2 + OO 1 , (1)
. LFMO: SLFMO =
O1S2 = O1M2 + SM2. (2)
a a a2
=1
--- LM FO = LP FO = --- --- tg = ------ tg .
2 3 2 6 OA ,
LFMO FL + ABC 6,
+ OL, FM = FL, OM = OL. 6
- = 2 3 , (1) R2 = 12 + y2.
OA = ------
FL OL, 3
LP x a
FL = ----------------------------
- = ------------- = ----------------- ; (2) , SM = R 2 x 2
cos 3 cos
sin --- PM = |SM SP| ( O1 S -
2
2 2
ABC),
OL = h2 + x2 = a a
--- tg + ---
a
= ----------------
- sin 2 + 4 cos 2 .
6 3 6 cos y = | R 2 x 2 4|.
402 403
LP = x, KO = a a x h
--- , PO = h, FO = --- tg , --- = 1 --------------- ,
2 2 a a a2
--- --- tg ------ tg
2 2 S LFMO 6
r = ----------------------- + -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- =
FL + OL a a
. . h = a
--- x tg . , V = V(x) = ----------------- + ----------------- sin 2 + 4cos 2
2 3 cos 6 cos
tg a asin asin
=1
--- x2 h = -------------- x2 --- x . = ------------------------------------------------------
- = ------------------------------------------- .
3 3 2 2 + sin 2 + 4cos 2 2 + 1 + 3cos 2
V(x) V(x) = tg
-------------- x(a 3x), -
3
2 + a2 49a 4 + 72a 2 H 2 + 16H 4
(. 92). 47. 48H
---------------------------- . 48. --------------------------------------------------------------------- .
96H 16H
+ max 3asin
49. ---------------------------------------------------
-.
0
a
a x
3 ( 2 + 1 + 3cos 2 )
3 2
. 92
50. 7
--- . O1 , -
2
x = a
--- , SABC, O1A = O1S = R ,
3 S
SP = 4 (. 94).
h = a a a 1
--- --- tg = --- tg = --- FO. ,
2 3 6 3 O1
F , , -
( - O1
2
). , O. M
(. 93) - O1 O1M y
L r P M , - SP A
x
B
r OO1MP - O P
LFMO, LM
x = OP = O1M y = OO1 = PM. -
K
a
2
O N FO - C
. 93 P. . 94
O1OA O1MS:
, , -
2
, - O1A2 = OA2 + OO 1 , (1)
. LFMO: SLFMO =
O1S2 = O1M2 + SM2. (2)
a a a2
=1
--- LM FO = LP FO = --- --- tg = ------ tg .
2 3 2 6 OA ,
LFMO FL + ABC 6,
+ OL, FM = FL, OM = OL. 6
- = 2 3 , (1) R2 = 12 + y2.
OA = ------
FL OL, 3
LP x a
FL = ----------------------------
- = ------------- = ----------------- ; (2) , SM = R 2 x 2
cos 3 cos
sin --- PM = |SM SP| ( O1 S -
2
2 2
ABC),
OL = h2 + x2 = a a
--- tg + ---
a
= ----------------
- sin 2 + 4 cos 2 .
6 3 6 cos y = | R 2 x 2 4|.
402 403
P , R2 = 12 + -
2 + (x2 4 )2 (. 97).
+ R 2 x 2 4 , . . R2 = -----------------------
- +
64
11 2 19 2
B 3 C + 12, , - + 2 2 + max
- 0 max 10 2 x
20 M Rmin x = 0.
O
N P O . 97
A K D ( ),
11 2
. 95 S --------------- = 33 11
------------------
2 2
16 7
ABC. , Rmin = ------ + 12 = --- . S (10 2 ) = 30 2 ,
64 2
3 3
51. 192. 52. ----------------
- . 53. 2 3 . 54. ) 60,5. AB = 20, x = 11 2
--------------- . -
2
4+ 3
PKMD .
PO = 3 (. 95). DO = 1
--- BD = 10 2 .
2 SKMD = 1 121
--- KD MD = x2 = ---------- ;
2 2
KM C AC ( KM AC) KMP
PKMD -
PABCD. , KM B DO. -
ON PN ABCD, PABCD, , , VPKMD = 1
--- PO SKMD =
3
ON B KM, PN B KM ( );
=1 121
--- 3 ---------- = 60,5.
SKMP = 1
--- KM PN. 3 2
2
) 1,5; ) 3034,5; ) 607,5.
B C x = DN (0 m x m 10 2 ) -
55. 2 26
--------------- . T AC, DT -
x. 3
O (. 96): KN = MN = x, KM = 2x, KD = ADC, BT ABC -
M DABC (. 98). KLMN -
= DM = x 2 . , ON = DO DN =
N
x AC DB. KLMN C AC,
D
A
K
D = 10 2 x, , PN = PO 2 + ON 2 = KN C AC LM C AC, ,
. 96 KN C LM. ,
= 3 2 + ( 10 2 x ) 2 , , -
KLMN C DB, MN C DB KL C DB, L
, PN = x 2 20x 2 + 209 . , KL C MN. ,
KN C LM KL C MN, , Q M
SKMP = S (x) = x x 2 20x 2 + 209 . KLMN .
A
BT KN = P
K
O
KN, ST LM = Q LM,
T
-
P
S (x), - PQ, KL MN B N C
, KL C DB,
. 98
PQ C DB.
( x 2 11 ) ( x 2 19 )
S = -----------------------------------------------------------
-. DB ABC -
x 2 20x 2 + 209 OB, OB B AC; , PQ C DB, -
404 405
P , R2 = 12 + -
2 + (x2 4 )2 (. 97).
+ R 2 x 2 4 , . . R2 = -----------------------
- +
64
11 2 19 2
B 3 C + 12, , - + 2 2 + max
- 0 max 10 2 x
20 M Rmin x = 0.
O
N P O . 97
A K D ( ),
11 2
. 95 S --------------- = 33 11
------------------
2 2
16 7
ABC. , Rmin = ------ + 12 = --- . S (10 2 ) = 30 2 ,
64 2
3 3
51. 192. 52. ----------------
- . 53. 2 3 . 54. ) 60,5. AB = 20, x = 11 2
--------------- . -
2
4+ 3
PKMD .
PO = 3 (. 95). DO = 1
--- BD = 10 2 .
2 SKMD = 1 121
--- KD MD = x2 = ---------- ;
2 2
KM C AC ( KM AC) KMP
PKMD -
PABCD. , KM B DO. -
ON PN ABCD, PABCD, , , VPKMD = 1
--- PO SKMD =
3
ON B KM, PN B KM ( );
=1 121
--- 3 ---------- = 60,5.
SKMP = 1
--- KM PN. 3 2
2
) 1,5; ) 3034,5; ) 607,5.
B C x = DN (0 m x m 10 2 ) -
55. 2 26
--------------- . T AC, DT -
x. 3
O (. 96): KN = MN = x, KM = 2x, KD = ADC, BT ABC -
M DABC (. 98). KLMN -
= DM = x 2 . , ON = DO DN =
N
x AC DB. KLMN C AC,
D
A
K
D = 10 2 x, , PN = PO 2 + ON 2 = KN C AC LM C AC, ,
. 96 KN C LM. ,
= 3 2 + ( 10 2 x ) 2 , , -
KLMN C DB, MN C DB KL C DB, L
, PN = x 2 20x 2 + 209 . , KL C MN. ,
KN C LM KL C MN, , Q M
SKMP = S (x) = x x 2 20x 2 + 209 . KLMN .
A
BT KN = P
K
O
KN, ST LM = Q LM,
T
-
P
S (x), - PQ, KL MN B N C
, KL C DB,
. 98
PQ C DB.
( x 2 11 ) ( x 2 19 )
S = -----------------------------------------------------------
-. DB ABC -
x 2 20x 2 + 209 OB, OB B AC; , PQ C DB, -
404 405
PQ ABC AC, KN, 0 m x m 2 -
KN C AC. :
PQ B KN, , KLMN - 9
, SKLMN = KN PQ. V(x) = ------ (2x 26 6x2) = 18x
----------- ( 26 3x).
13 13
AB =BC = AC = 3, DO = 78 . (. 100), , -
BT = AB ------3- = 3 3 2
D
----------- , BO = --- BT = 26
2 2 3 V(x) x = ----------
- Vmax =
3
Q = 3 , SB = SO 2 + BO 2 = 78 + 3 = 9. 26 9
= V ----------- = ------ 26 2 26 2 26
------ 26 ---------------- = --------------- .
BDT TH; TH PQ = E 3
H 13 9 3 3
(. 99).
E BDT -
+ max 2
2 SBDT = TH DB = DO BT, TH =
B P O T 0 26 x
BT 78 3 3 3
. 99 = DO 26
----------------------- = --------------------------- = ----------- > 2.
DB 92 2
ET = x; 0 m x m 2, ET . 100
AC (. . )
KLMN ; , - 56. 8
--- 111 . 57. 2 219 . 58. 64
------ 23 .
9 81
A KLMN x.
59. 32. -
KLMN - z
(x; ; z) - B1 C1
AKLMN x. HBO = DPO = , tg = DO
--------- = A, ,
BO A1
AD , - D1
78 tg 26
= ----------
- = 26 ; sin = ---------------------------
- = ----------- . - y M0
3 1 + tg 2 3 3 AB -
B C
PQ DT
- = ---------- , PQ = DB
PQT BDT , -------- AA 1 (. 101).
DB TH A D x
x M, -
DT x 18 ET x
---------
- = 9 ----------- = ----------- x; PT = ---------------------------- = ------------- . - . 101
TH 26 26 sin EPO sin
-----------
2 . M -x; 3x 9x
------- ; ------- .
2 4
KBN ABC , KN BP
---------- = --------- , , -
AC BT
3x 3 0 m x m 4, 0 m 3x 9x
------- m 4, 0 m ------- m 18, -
--------------- 2 4
KN BT PT PT 26 2x
. . ---------- = ------------------------ = 1 --------- = 1 --------------- = 1 ----------- . 0 m x m 8
--- .
3 BT BT 3 3 26 3
-----------
2
AKLMN VAKLMN = V(x) = d M -x; 3x 9x
------- ; --------
2 4
=1 1 2x
--- SKLMN hA = --- KN PQ x = -1 -----------
18
-x x =
---------- C1 (4; 4; 18):
3 3 26 26
2
9x 2
9
= ------ (x2 26 2x3). d2 = (4 x)2 + -4 3x
------- + 18 ------- = (x).
13 2 4
406 407
PQ ABC AC, KN, 0 m x m 2 -
KN C AC. :
PQ B KN, , KLMN - 9
, SKLMN = KN PQ. V(x) = ------ (2x 26 6x2) = 18x
----------- ( 26 3x).
13 13
AB =BC = AC = 3, DO = 78 . (. 100), , -
BT = AB ------3- = 3 3 2
D
----------- , BO = --- BT = 26
2 2 3 V(x) x = ----------
- Vmax =
3
Q = 3 , SB = SO 2 + BO 2 = 78 + 3 = 9. 26 9
= V ----------- = ------ 26 2 26 2 26
------ 26 ---------------- = --------------- .
BDT TH; TH PQ = E 3
H 13 9 3 3
(. 99).
E BDT -
+ max 2
2 SBDT = TH DB = DO BT, TH =
B P O T 0 26 x
BT 78 3 3 3
. 99 = DO 26
----------------------- = --------------------------- = ----------- > 2.
DB 92 2
ET = x; 0 m x m 2, ET . 100
AC (. . )
KLMN ; , - 56. 8
--- 111 . 57. 2 219 . 58. 64
------ 23 .
9 81
A KLMN x.
59. 32. -
KLMN - z
(x; ; z) - B1 C1
AKLMN x. HBO = DPO = , tg = DO
--------- = A, ,
BO A1
AD , - D1
78 tg 26
= ----------
- = 26 ; sin = ---------------------------
- = ----------- . - y M0
3 1 + tg 2 3 3 AB -
B C
PQ DT
- = ---------- , PQ = DB
PQT BDT , -------- AA 1 (. 101).
DB TH A D x
x M, -
DT x 18 ET x
---------
- = 9 ----------- = ----------- x; PT = ---------------------------- = ------------- . - . 101
TH 26 26 sin EPO sin
-----------
2 . M -x; 3x 9x
------- ; ------- .
2 4
KBN ABC , KN BP
---------- = --------- , , -
AC BT
3x 3 0 m x m 4, 0 m 3x 9x
------- m 4, 0 m ------- m 18, -
--------------- 2 4
KN BT PT PT 26 2x
. . ---------- = ------------------------ = 1 --------- = 1 --------------- = 1 ----------- . 0 m x m 8
--- .
3 BT BT 3 3 26 3
-----------
2
AKLMN VAKLMN = V(x) = d M -x; 3x 9x
------- ; --------
2 4
=1 1 2x
--- SKLMN hA = --- KN PQ x = -1 -----------
18
-x x =
---------- C1 (4; 4; 18):
3 3 26 26
2
9x 2
9
= ------ (x2 26 2x3). d2 = (4 x)2 + -4 3x
------- + 18 ------- = (x).
13 2 4
406 407
(4 x)2, -4 3x
2
------- , X
2
18 9x
2
8
------- -0; --- , (x) -
4 3
,
x= 8
--- . C1 M0 1.
3
8
--- ; 4; 6 , . . M0ABCD -
3 1. a 1
--- c {1; +}.
M0 6. ABCD 8
f(x) = a,
16, 1
--- 6 16 = 32. 60. 12. 61. 120.
3
f(x) = 4x2 + 4x|x| 3x 3|x| + 1 =
62. 16
------ . 1 x < 0,
3 = (4x 3)(x + |x|) + 1 =
8x 6x + 1 x l 0.
2
y
y = f (x)
y = f(x) y = a - 1
-
a (. 102), -
, a > 1
f(x) = a ; y=a
a = 1 -
; a 1
--- ; 1 -
8
1 3
4 8
; a = 1
--- - O 1 x
8 2
18
, y = a
y = 8x2 6x + 1 . 102
3 1 1
--- ; ---- ; a < --- -
8 8 8
. 2. b [3; 1). 3. a (; 25) c (1; 0) c (7; +). -
,
:
a 0, a 0,
D>0 (3a + 5)2 4a(2a + 1) > 0
a 0,
a 0,
a < 25,
(a + 1)(a + 25) > 0
a > 1.
408 409
(4 x)2, -4 3x
2
------- , X
2
18 9x
2
8
------- -0; --- , (x) -
4 3
,
x= 8
--- . C1 M0 1.
3
8
--- ; 4; 6 , . . M0ABCD -
3 1. a 1
--- c {1; +}.
M0 6. ABCD 8
f(x) = a,
16, 1
--- 6 16 = 32. 60. 12. 61. 120.
3
f(x) = 4x2 + 4x|x| 3x 3|x| + 1 =
62. 16
------ . 1 x < 0,
3 = (4x 3)(x + |x|) + 1 =
8x 6x + 1 x l 0.
2
y
y = f (x)
y = f(x) y = a - 1
-
a (. 102), -
, a > 1
f(x) = a ; y=a
a = 1 -
; a 1
--- ; 1 -
8
1 3
4 8
; a = 1
--- - O 1 x
8 2
18
, y = a
y = 8x2 6x + 1 . 102
3 1 1
--- ; ---- ; a < --- -
8 8 8
. 2. b [3; 1). 3. a (; 25) c (1; 0) c (7; +). -
,
:
a 0, a 0,
D>0 (3a + 5)2 4a(2a + 1) > 0
a 0,
a 0,
a < 25,
(a + 1)(a + 25) > 0
a > 1.
408 409
, -
a (; 25) c (1; 0) c (0; +). (1) t = t(x) x R. (x2 + 1)t =
= 4x 3, tx2 4x + t + 3 = 0. f (4)
t
, t = 0 x = 3
--- ; 4 1 t
4
-
[1; 3]: t ( ) - a)
a f(3) l 0,
a f(1) m 0,
x0 (1; 3), : D
---- = 22 t(t + 3) = t2 3t +
4
+5
f(x) = ax2 (3a + 5)x + 2a + 1, x0 = 3a
----------------- . + 4 = (1 t)(t + 4) l 0, . . 4 m t m 1.
2a , - 4 t 1 t
x R - )
a (a 7) l 0, (2) , (1) -
a (9a (3a + 5) 3 + 2a + 1) l 0, a (a + 1) m 0, (3) t [4; 1].
a (a + (3a + 5) + 2a + 1) m 0, a+1 f (1)
------------- > 0,
3a + 5 a (4) f(t) = t2 + pt + 2p + 1; - t
1 < ----------------- <3
2a 3a 5
----------------- > 0. t = --p- , D1 = 4 1 t
a 2
= p2 4(2p + 1) = p2 8p 4. - )
(4) (; 1) c 5
--- ; + , - . 103
3
p
(3) -
(. 103, ):
(; 0] c 5
--- ; + .
3 t < 4,
, (2)
f(4) > 0,
(2) (; 0] c (7; +). , -
(1), . 4 m t m 1,
(3)
1 D1 < 0,
4. b [1; 0) c (0; 11]. 5. c 0; ------ c (5; 10]. 6. p (; 0) c
10 t > 1,
(4)
c (0; 7] c [27; +). 7. ) p (4 2 5 ; 8,5). - f(1) > 0.
- , :
4x 3 x2 + 1. (x2 + 1)2 > 0, -
--p- < 4, p > 8,
(2) : 2 p (8; 8,5);
4x 3 2
---------------- 4x 3 p < 8,5
x2 + 1
- + p ----------------
- + 2p + 1 > 0, (4)2 + p (4) + 2p + 1 > 0
x2 + 1
3 4 m --p- m 1, 2 m p m 8,
t = t(x) = 4x -
---------------- (3): 2
2 x +1 42 5 <p<4+2 5
t p: p2 8p 4 < 0
t2 + pt + 2p + 1 > 0. (1) p (4 2 5 ; 8);
410 411
, -
a (; 25) c (1; 0) c (0; +). (1) t = t(x) x R. (x2 + 1)t =
= 4x 3, tx2 4x + t + 3 = 0. f (4)
t
, t = 0 x = 3
--- ; 4 1 t
4
-
[1; 3]: t ( ) - a)
a f(3) l 0,
a f(1) m 0,
x0 (1; 3), : D
---- = 22 t(t + 3) = t2 3t +
4
+5
f(x) = ax2 (3a + 5)x + 2a + 1, x0 = 3a
----------------- . + 4 = (1 t)(t + 4) l 0, . . 4 m t m 1.
2a , - 4 t 1 t
x R - )
a (a 7) l 0, (2) , (1) -
a (9a (3a + 5) 3 + 2a + 1) l 0, a (a + 1) m 0, (3) t [4; 1].
a (a + (3a + 5) + 2a + 1) m 0, a+1 f (1)
------------- > 0,
3a + 5 a (4) f(t) = t2 + pt + 2p + 1; - t
1 < ----------------- <3
2a 3a 5
----------------- > 0. t = --p- , D1 = 4 1 t
a 2
= p2 4(2p + 1) = p2 8p 4. - )
(4) (; 1) c 5
--- ; + , - . 103
3
p
(3) -
(. 103, ):
(; 0] c 5
--- ; + .
3 t < 4,
, (2)
f(4) > 0,
(2) (; 0] c (7; +). , -
(1), . 4 m t m 1,
(3)
1 D1 < 0,
4. b [1; 0) c (0; 11]. 5. c 0; ------ c (5; 10]. 6. p (; 0) c
10 t > 1,
(4)
c (0; 7] c [27; +). 7. ) p (4 2 5 ; 8,5). - f(1) > 0.
- , :
4x 3 x2 + 1. (x2 + 1)2 > 0, -
--p- < 4, p > 8,
(2) : 2 p (8; 8,5);
4x 3 2
---------------- 4x 3 p < 8,5
x2 + 1
- + p ----------------
- + 2p + 1 > 0, (4)2 + p (4) + 2p + 1 > 0
x2 + 1
3 4 m --p- m 1, 2 m p m 8,
t = t(x) = 4x -
---------------- (3): 2
2 x +1 42 5 <p<4+2 5
t p: p2 8p 4 < 0
t2 + pt + 2p + 1 > 0. (1) p (4 2 5 ; 8);
410 411
--p- > 1, 1 2a 3 4a 1 2a + 3 4a
p < 2, ) a > 3
--- ; x ------------------------------------------------- ; -------------------------------------------------
(4): 2 p . 4 2 2
p > 2
---
12 + p + 2p + 1 > 0 3 1 2a + 3 4a
1 m a m 3
--- ; x 1; ------------------------------------------------- a < 1;
4 2
(2)(4), .
p +2 2
) a (2; 23); ) b (4 2 2 ; +); ) q (3; 6 + 4 5 ). ) p m 1; x -1 1
--- ; ------------------------- 1 < p < --- ; x
2 2 ( 1 2p ) 2
+1 a1
8. ) x a < 3; x [2; 1] a = 3; x a
------------- ; ------------- -1 1 2 + p2
c -1
2 2 --- ; + --- m p m 2; x ------------------------- ; 1 --- ; +
2 2 2 ( 2p 1 ) 2
a > 3. p > 2;
2x 1 x < 2, ) x [; 1] c -3
--- ; + p < 2; x 1 p = 2;
2
|x 1| + |x + 2| = 3 2 m x m 1,
6 + p2 3 1 3
2x + 1 x > 1. - c ---- ; + 2 < p < --- ; x ---- ; +
x ; ------------------------
2 ( 2p 1 ) 2 2 2
1 p2 + 6
) |b| > 5; x (; 3] b = 5; x = b------------ 5 < b < 1 3
--- m p < 3; x --- ; +- p = 3; x ------------------------- ; +- p > 3.
2 2 2 2 ( 2p 1 )
< 5; x [2; +) b = 5.
10. ) a 0; 4
--- . t = 3x > a, -
7
5 x m 3, -
|x + 3| |x 2| = 2x + 1 3 < x < 2, t a:
5 x l 2. at2 + (1 a)t 7
--- a + 1 > 0, (1)
4
( c + 1 )2
) < 1 > 3; x = -------------------
- + 1 1 m c m 3; x [5; +) t > 0.
2
a = 0 (1) :
c = 3.
2 x1 1 1 m x m 5, 0 t2 + (1 0) t 7
--- 0 + 1 > 0, . . t + 1 > 0,
x 1 + 1 | x 1 2| = 4
3 x l 5.
, , t > 0 , ,
2a 1 4a + 16a 2 a = 0 .
) x = 1
---------------------------------------------------------------- < a < 0; x = 3 a = 0;
2a 2 a 0 (1) .
f(t) :
2a 1 4a + 16a 2 1 2a + 1 4a + 16a 2
x1,2 = 1
---------------------------------------------------------------- 0 < a m 1
--- ; x = ----------------------------------------------------------------
4
f(t) = at2 + (1 a)t 7
2a 2 2
2a --- a + 1.
4
1
--- < a < +.
4
f(t)
9. ) a < 1; x [1 1+a;1+ 1 + a ] 1 m a < 0; D = (1 a)2 4a 7
--- a + 1 = (4a 1)(2a 1); -
4
x a
--- ; 1 + 1+a a l 0; t0 = a 1
------------- .
2 2a
412 413
--p- > 1, 1 2a 3 4a 1 2a + 3 4a
p < 2, ) a > 3
--- ; x ------------------------------------------------- ; -------------------------------------------------
(4): 2 p . 4 2 2
p > 2
---
12 + p + 2p + 1 > 0 3 1 2a + 3 4a
1 m a m 3
--- ; x 1; ------------------------------------------------- a < 1;
4 2
(2)(4), .
p +2 2
) a (2; 23); ) b (4 2 2 ; +); ) q (3; 6 + 4 5 ). ) p m 1; x -1 1
--- ; ------------------------- 1 < p < --- ; x
2 2 ( 1 2p ) 2
+1 a1
8. ) x a < 3; x [2; 1] a = 3; x a
------------- ; ------------- -1 1 2 + p2
c -1
2 2 --- ; + --- m p m 2; x ------------------------- ; 1 --- ; +
2 2 2 ( 2p 1 ) 2
a > 3. p > 2;
2x 1 x < 2, ) x [; 1] c -3
--- ; + p < 2; x 1 p = 2;
2
|x 1| + |x + 2| = 3 2 m x m 1,
6 + p2 3 1 3
2x + 1 x > 1. - c ---- ; + 2 < p < --- ; x ---- ; +
x ; ------------------------
2 ( 2p 1 ) 2 2 2
1 p2 + 6
) |b| > 5; x (; 3] b = 5; x = b------------ 5 < b < 1 3
--- m p < 3; x --- ; +- p = 3; x ------------------------- ; +- p > 3.
2 2 2 2 ( 2p 1 )
< 5; x [2; +) b = 5.
10. ) a 0; 4
--- . t = 3x > a, -
7
5 x m 3, -
|x + 3| |x 2| = 2x + 1 3 < x < 2, t a:
5 x l 2. at2 + (1 a)t 7
--- a + 1 > 0, (1)
4
( c + 1 )2
) < 1 > 3; x = -------------------
- + 1 1 m c m 3; x [5; +) t > 0.
2
a = 0 (1) :
c = 3.
2 x1 1 1 m x m 5, 0 t2 + (1 0) t 7
--- 0 + 1 > 0, . . t + 1 > 0,
x 1 + 1 | x 1 2| = 4
3 x l 5.
, , t > 0 , ,
2a 1 4a + 16a 2 a = 0 .
) x = 1
---------------------------------------------------------------- < a < 0; x = 3 a = 0;
2a 2 a 0 (1) .
f(t) :
2a 1 4a + 16a 2 1 2a + 1 4a + 16a 2
x1,2 = 1
---------------------------------------------------------------- 0 < a m 1
--- ; x = ----------------------------------------------------------------
4
f(t) = at2 + (1 a)t 7
2a 2 2
2a --- a + 1.
4
1
--- < a < +.
4
f(t)
9. ) a < 1; x [1 1+a;1+ 1 + a ] 1 m a < 0; D = (1 a)2 4a 7
--- a + 1 = (4a 1)(2a 1); -
4
x a
--- ; 1 + 1+a a l 0; t0 = a 1
------------- .
2 2a
412 413
a < 0, , -
(1) t > 0. 12. ) k 4; --4- c 2
--- ; 3 13 . -
5 3
a > 0, (1) t > 0
,
(D < 0), f(t) (D l 0),
3x x2 5
--- = ( kx + 2 )2,
( 4
-
3x x2 5
--- > 0,
, t0 , - 4
f(0) ): kx + 2 > 0,
a > 0, kx + 2 1,
a > 0, (4a 1)(2a 1) < 0,
D < 0, (4a 1)(2a 1) l 0,
D l 0, a1
t0 m 0, ------------- m 0, 3x x2 5
--- = kx + 2, 3x x2 5
--- = kx + 2,
2a 4 4
f(0) l 0
a 02 + (1 a) 0 7
--- a + 1 l 0 3x x2 5
--- > 0,
1 3
--- < x < --- ,
4 4 2 2
a > 0, 3x x2 5
--- 1
3 5
--- < x < --- .
4 2 2
1 1
--- < a < --- , a > 0,
4 2 y = 3x x2 5
---
1 1 4
--- < a < --- ,
am 1
--- , 4 2 a > 0,
4 x 1 3 3 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- y = kx + 2 -
0<am 4
--- .
am 1
--- , am 4
--- 7
2 2 2 2
al 1
--- , 4 7
k (. 104) , , -
2
a m 1, 1 4 (0; 2) ( y = kx + 2),
--- m a m ---
2 7
am 4
---
7
y
y = kx + 2
0; 4
--- -
7
a = 0, . 2
5
) c 3 2 1
--- ; 0 ; ) b 0, --- ; ) p 0; --- . 1 y = 3x x2 4
5 7 2
k = 3 13
11. ) x1 = 1 a m 0; x1 = 1 x2 = log2 a a > 0; O 1 3 5 x
2 2 2
) x1 = 1 x2 = log3 (b) b < 0; x1 = 1 b l 0; k = 23
k = 2 k = 45
) x1 = 1 x2 = log2 (c) c < 0; x1 = 1 c l 0; k = 4
) x1 = 2 k m 0; x1 = 2 x2 = log3 k k > 0.
. 104
414 415
a < 0, , -
(1) t > 0. 12. ) k 4; --4- c 2
--- ; 3 13 . -
5 3
a > 0, (1) t > 0
,
(D < 0), f(t) (D l 0),
3x x2 5
--- = ( kx + 2 )2,
( 4
-
3x x2 5
--- > 0,
, t0 , - 4
f(0) ): kx + 2 > 0,
a > 0, kx + 2 1,
a > 0, (4a 1)(2a 1) < 0,
D < 0, (4a 1)(2a 1) l 0,
D l 0, a1
t0 m 0, ------------- m 0, 3x x2 5
--- = kx + 2, 3x x2 5
--- = kx + 2,
2a 4 4
f(0) l 0
a 02 + (1 a) 0 7
--- a + 1 l 0 3x x2 5
--- > 0,
1 3
--- < x < --- ,
4 4 2 2
a > 0, 3x x2 5
--- 1
3 5
--- < x < --- .
4 2 2
1 1
--- < a < --- , a > 0,
4 2 y = 3x x2 5
---
1 1 4
--- < a < --- ,
am 1
--- , 4 2 a > 0,
4 x 1 3 3 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- y = kx + 2 -
0<am 4
--- .
am 1
--- , am 4
--- 7
2 2 2 2
al 1
--- , 4 7
k (. 104) , , -
2
a m 1, 1 4 (0; 2) ( y = kx + 2),
--- m a m ---
2 7
am 4
---
7
y
y = kx + 2
0; 4
--- -
7
a = 0, . 2
5
) c 3 2 1
--- ; 0 ; ) b 0, --- ; ) p 0; --- . 1 y = 3x x2 4
5 7 2
k = 3 13
11. ) x1 = 1 a m 0; x1 = 1 x2 = log2 a a > 0; O 1 3 5 x
2 2 2
) x1 = 1 x2 = log3 (b) b < 0; x1 = 1 b l 0; k = 23
k = 2 k = 45
) x1 = 1 x2 = log2 (c) c < 0; x1 = 1 c l 0; k = 4
) x1 = 2 k m 0; x1 = 2 x2 = log3 k k > 0.
. 104
414 415
y = 3x x2 5 1 3
---- x --- ; ---- c k 4 2
--- ; ---- , -
4 2 2 5 3
c 3 5
--- ; --- . x 1 3
--- ; ---- ,
2 2 2 2
y = kx + 2, k -
x 3 5
--- ; ---- - , k
(0; 2), , 2 2
.
k = 4 1 4
--- ; 0 ; k = --- -
2 5 k = 2
--- -
3
5 2
--- ; 0 ; k = --- - ,
2 3
3 3
--- ; 1- , --- ;
5
---- ,
2 2 2
3
--- ; 1 , , -
2 , k .
k = 3 13 ( ). k 2
--- ; 3 13 ,
3
k , -
x 3 5
--- ; --- ,
2 2
3x x2 5
--- = kx + 2 ( -
4 k .
k, k l 0 y = kx + 2 y = 3x k = 3 13 (. .
x2 5 1 3
--- x --- ; --- ,
) , , k
4 2 2 , -
x 3 5
--- ; --- .
3 5
--- ; --- .
2 2 2 2
, k - k (3 13 ; 0),
.
y = kx + 2 y = 3x x2 5 1 3
--- x --- ; --- c
4 2 2 4; 4
--- -
5
c 3 5
--- ; --- . k = 2
--- k = 3 13 , .
2 2 3
k (; 4], x 1 3
--- ; ---- c ) k 1; 1
---
c 1
4
--- ; 6 2 10 ; ) k 4; --- c
2 2 2 3 3
c 3 5
--- ; ---- .
2 2 c 1; 8 4 5 ; ) k 2; --2- c 1
--- ; 4 2 5 .
3 2
k 4; 4
--- , -
5 13. ) a ; 3
--- .
4
x 1 3
--- ; ---- , ,
2 2 ( 3 a )x 2 4a + 7
log 9 5a -----------------------------------------------
- > log 9 5a 1,
----------------- 2x +4 -----------------
k . 4 4
416 417
y = 3x x2 5 1 3
---- x --- ; ---- c k 4 2
--- ; ---- , -
4 2 2 5 3
c 3 5
--- ; --- . x 1 3
--- ; ---- ,
2 2 2 2
y = kx + 2, k -
x 3 5
--- ; ---- - , k
(0; 2), , 2 2
.
k = 4 1 4
--- ; 0 ; k = --- -
2 5 k = 2
--- -
3
5 2
--- ; 0 ; k = --- - ,
2 3
3 3
--- ; 1- , --- ;
5
---- ,
2 2 2
3
--- ; 1 , , -
2 , k .
k = 3 13 ( ). k 2
--- ; 3 13 ,
3
k , -
x 3 5
--- ; --- ,
2 2
3x x2 5
--- = kx + 2 ( -
4 k .
k, k l 0 y = kx + 2 y = 3x k = 3 13 (. .
x2 5 1 3
--- x --- ; --- ,
) , , k
4 2 2 , -
x 3 5
--- ; --- .
3 5
--- ; --- .
2 2 2 2
, k - k (3 13 ; 0),
.
y = kx + 2 y = 3x x2 5 1 3
--- x --- ; --- c
4 2 2 4; 4
--- -
5
c 3 5
--- ; --- . k = 2
--- k = 3 13 , .
2 2 3
k (; 4], x 1 3
--- ; ---- c ) k 1; 1
---
c 1
4
--- ; 6 2 10 ; ) k 4; --- c
2 2 2 3 3
c 3 5
--- ; ---- .
2 2 c 1; 8 4 5 ; ) k 2; --2- c 1
--- ; 4 2 5 .
3 2
k 4; 4
--- , -
5 13. ) a ; 3
--- .
4
x 1 3
--- ; ---- , ,
2 2 ( 3 a )x 2 4a + 7
log 9 5a -----------------------------------------------
- > log 9 5a 1,
----------------- 2x +4 -----------------
k . 4 4
416 417
,
, a < 1, a < 3 3
--- , . . a ; --- .
: 4 4
5a
0< 9
----------------- < 1, ) a 57 5 7 5 8
------ ; + . ) a --- ; --- ; ) a --- ; --- .
4 28 3 5 2 3
0 < 9 5a < 4,
( 3 a )x 2 4a + 7
0 < -----------------------------------------------
- < 1, (3 a)x2 4a + 7 > 0, 24
x +4
2 14. ) a 14 14
------ ; 4 c 4; ------ c ------ .
(3 a)x2 4a + 7 < x2 + 4, 5 3 5
9 5a
----------------- > 1, 9 5a > 4,
4
(3 a )x 2 4a + 7 (3 a)x2 4a + 7 > x2 + 4
- >1
-----------------------------------------------
x2 + 4
(3 2x)(2x 5) > 0,
ax 7 > 0,
1<a< 9
--- , ax 7 1,
5
(3 a)x2
4a + 7 > 0, (1)
(2 a)x2 4a + 3 < 0, x 3 5
--- ; --- . -
2 2
a < 1, (2) -
(2 a)x2 4a + 3 > 0. a.
a (; 0). , -
x < 7
--- ,
(1) a < 9
--- , 2 a a
5
x2 , - 3 5
- ; --- , .
--
2 2
, x2 <
a = 0. -
3
< 4a
----------------- , - x, , , -
2a
.
x -
a. , (1) - a -0; 14
------ . ,
5
.
(2) (a < 1) , x > 7
--- , -
, , 2 a > 0, , - a
3
x2 > 4a
----------------- , - 3 5
--- ; --- ,
2a 2 2
, , x .
3
, 4a
----------------- < 0 (. 105). a 14 16
------ ; ------ .
2a 5 5
7 5
--- ; --- , -
+ a 2
3 1 2 a
4
. 105 4x2 + 16x 15 = (ax 7)2,
418 419
,
, a < 1, a < 3 3
--- , . . a ; --- .
: 4 4
5a
0< 9
----------------- < 1, ) a 57 5 7 5 8
------ ; + . ) a --- ; --- ; ) a --- ; --- .
4 28 3 5 2 3
0 < 9 5a < 4,
( 3 a )x 2 4a + 7
0 < -----------------------------------------------
- < 1, (3 a)x2 4a + 7 > 0, 24
x +4
2 14. ) a 14 14
------ ; 4 c 4; ------ c ------ .
(3 a)x2 4a + 7 < x2 + 4, 5 3 5
9 5a
----------------- > 1, 9 5a > 4,
4
(3 a )x 2 4a + 7 (3 a)x2 4a + 7 > x2 + 4
- >1
-----------------------------------------------
x2 + 4
(3 2x)(2x 5) > 0,
ax 7 > 0,
1<a< 9
--- , ax 7 1,
5
(3 a)x2
4a + 7 > 0, (1)
(2 a)x2 4a + 3 < 0, x 3 5
--- ; --- . -
2 2
a < 1, (2) -
(2 a)x2 4a + 3 > 0. a.
a (; 0). , -
x < 7
--- ,
(1) a < 9
--- , 2 a a
5
x2 , - 3 5
- ; --- , .
--
2 2
, x2 <
a = 0. -
3
< 4a
----------------- , - x, , , -
2a
.
x -
a. , (1) - a -0; 14
------ . ,
5
.
(2) (a < 1) , x > 7
--- , -
, , 2 a > 0, , - a
3
x2 > 4a
----------------- , - 3 5
--- ; --- ,
2a 2 2
, , x .
3
, 4a
----------------- < 0 (. 105). a 14 16
------ ; ------ .
2a 5 5
7 5
--- ; --- , -
+ a 2
3 1 2 a
4
. 105 4x2 + 16x 15 = (ax 7)2,
418 419
a 14 24
------ ; ------ .
3 5
(a2 + 4)x2 2(7a + 8)x + 64 = 0,
3 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- .
2 a a 2
7a + 8 112a 15a 2 192 (a2 + 4)x2 2(7a + 8)x + 64 = 0
x1,2 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ,
a2 + 4
7a + 8 + 112a 15a 192 2 7a + 8 112a 15a 2 192
x = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - x1,2 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ,
2 a +4 2a +4
, , ,
. .
a 16
------ ; 4 . a = 24
------ . -
5 5
7 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- .
3 5 5 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- , -
a a a 2 2 3 3 2
,
. 169x2 520x + 400 = 0
a = 4. -
7 5
--- ; 2 c 2; --- , - x1,2 = 20
------ ,
4 2 13
.
5x2 18x + 16 = 0 a 24 16
------ ; ------ .
5 3
3 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- ,
2 a a 2
81 80 8
x1,2 = 9
---------------------------------- = --- ; 2 ,
5 5 (a2 + 4)x2 2(7a + 8)x + 64 = 0
, , ,
,
, .
.
a 16
------ ; + .
a 4; 14
------ . 3
3
3 5
--- ; --- , -
7 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; ---- . 2 2
a a a 2
( -
, ) ,
. .
420 421
a 14 24
------ ; ------ .
3 5
(a2 + 4)x2 2(7a + 8)x + 64 = 0,
3 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- .
2 a a 2
7a + 8 112a 15a 2 192 (a2 + 4)x2 2(7a + 8)x + 64 = 0
x1,2 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ,
a2 + 4
7a + 8 + 112a 15a 192 2 7a + 8 112a 15a 2 192
x = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - x1,2 = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ,
2 a +4 2a +4
, , ,
. .
a 16
------ ; 4 . a = 24
------ . -
5 5
7 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- .
3 5 5 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- , -
a a a 2 2 3 3 2
,
. 169x2 520x + 400 = 0
a = 4. -
7 5
--- ; 2 c 2; --- , - x1,2 = 20
------ ,
4 2 13
.
5x2 18x + 16 = 0 a 24 16
------ ; ------ .
5 3
3 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; --- ,
2 a a 2
81 80 8
x1,2 = 9
---------------------------------- = --- ; 2 ,
5 5 (a2 + 4)x2 2(7a + 8)x + 64 = 0
, , ,
,
, .
.
a 16
------ ; + .
a 4; 14
------ . 3
3
3 5
--- ; --- , -
7 8 8 5
--- ; --- c --- ; ---- . 2 2
a a a 2
( -
, ) ,
. .
420 421
.
l1, y = x
--- + c1, -
2
) b 10 12 12 10
------ ; ------ c ------ ; ------ c 24 7 7
------ ; ) c --- ; 2- c 2; --- c
7 7 5 3
7 5 3 A; l2, y = x
--- + c2,
2
12 AB (. . 106).
c ------ ; ) d 34 34
------ ; 6- c 6; ------- .
5 7 5 l y = x
--- + c,
2
15. ) p [4 + 5 ; 9). - l2, l1,
, AB. l
. ,
x + 2y = 1 p, y = x
--- + c, c (c2; c1], . .
2
x2 + 2x + y2 + 2y = 3, p [p1; p2), p1 = 1 2c1, p2 = 1 2c2.
(x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 5,
y m 1 c1:
y m 1,
+ 5 3+ 5
1p
c = ------------ , - A l1 1 = 1
----------------- + c1 c1 = ----------------- .
2 2 2
(. 106). c2, , (. . 106);
,
k = 1
--- . -
2 x
--- + c2 = 1 5 ( x + 1 )2
2
(1; 1) 5 . -
y m 1 , - .
, (x 2(c2 + 1))2 = 4(5 (x + 1)2)
y = 1, . . y = 1 5 (x + 1 )2 , - 5x2 + 4(1 c2)x + 4( c 2 + 2c2 3) = 0.
2
(1 5 ; 1) (1 + 5 ; 1).
-
y
D = 0.
1
l1 D 2
1 1 ---- = 4(1 c2)2 20( c 2 + 2c2 3) = 16(c2 1)(c2 + 4),
4
O x
A B
l2 1 y = 1 c2 = 4. p1 = 4 + 5 , p2 = 9, .
) a [3; 2 5 + 1). 16. b (0; 4] c {2( 2 + 1)}. 17. ) a 4
--- ; 1 c
9
c (1; 4).
. 106 y(x)
, p, -
x 2 + 2ax 3a 4 ( 2x + 2a ) ( x 2 ) ( x 2 + 2ax 3a 4 )
, c, y(x) = ----------------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- =
x2 (x 2) 2
y = x
--- + c - 2 4x + 4 a x 2 )2 a
2
=x
--------------------------------------- = (------------------------------ ,
AB ( ). (x 2) 2 ( x 2 )2
422 423
.
l1, y = x
--- + c1, -
2
) b 10 12 12 10
------ ; ------ c ------ ; ------ c 24 7 7
------ ; ) c --- ; 2- c 2; --- c
7 7 5 3
7 5 3 A; l2, y = x
--- + c2,
2
12 AB (. . 106).
c ------ ; ) d 34 34
------ ; 6- c 6; ------- .
5 7 5 l y = x
--- + c,
2
15. ) p [4 + 5 ; 9). - l2, l1,
, AB. l
. ,
x + 2y = 1 p, y = x
--- + c, c (c2; c1], . .
2
x2 + 2x + y2 + 2y = 3, p [p1; p2), p1 = 1 2c1, p2 = 1 2c2.
(x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 5,
y m 1 c1:
y m 1,
+ 5 3+ 5
1p
c = ------------ , - A l1 1 = 1
----------------- + c1 c1 = ----------------- .
2 2 2
(. 106). c2, , (. . 106);
,
k = 1
--- . -
2 x
--- + c2 = 1 5 ( x + 1 )2
2
(1; 1) 5 . -
y m 1 , - .
, (x 2(c2 + 1))2 = 4(5 (x + 1)2)
y = 1, . . y = 1 5 (x + 1 )2 , - 5x2 + 4(1 c2)x + 4( c 2 + 2c2 3) = 0.
2
(1 5 ; 1) (1 + 5 ; 1).
-
y
D = 0.
1
l1 D 2
1 1 ---- = 4(1 c2)2 20( c 2 + 2c2 3) = 16(c2 1)(c2 + 4),
4
O x
A B
l2 1 y = 1 c2 = 4. p1 = 4 + 5 , p2 = 9, .
) a [3; 2 5 + 1). 16. b (0; 4] c {2( 2 + 1)}. 17. ) a 4
--- ; 1 c
9
c (1; 4).
. 106 y(x)
, p, -
x 2 + 2ax 3a 4 ( 2x + 2a ) ( x 2 ) ( x 2 + 2ax 3a 4 )
, c, y(x) = ----------------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- =
x2 (x 2) 2
y = x
--- + c - 2 4x + 4 a x 2 )2 a
2
=x
--------------------------------------- = (------------------------------ ,
AB ( ). (x 2) 2 ( x 2 )2
422 423
, , . . y(x) = 0, , , x -
a = (x 2)2 > 0, x 2. (a; 3a), . . x > 3a, x
(a; 3a), , , f(a) f(3a) , x
a 3a
, f(a) (. 109):
x = 2.
. x l 3a, am 2
--- ,
3
I . f(x) = x2 4x + . 109
f(a) > 0,
+ 4 a x = 2 D, - a2 5a + 4 > 0,
f(3a) < 0
9a2 13a + 4 < 0
, D
---- = 22 (4 a) = a > 0.
4
am 2
--- ,
x , 3
am 2
--- ,
a < 1, 3
4 2
x y = f(x), --- < a m --- .
a 3a x (a; 3a), . . a > 4, 4 9 3
--- < a < 1
x m a, f(a) f(3a) 4 9
--- < a < 1
, f(a) - 9
. 107 (. 107): a -
a l 2, : a [2; 4), a 2 4 2
--- ; 1- c (1; 2), a --- ; --- ,
x m a, 3 9 3
a l 2, 1 < a < 4,
f(a) < 0, a2 5a + 4 < 0, .
a < --4- , II . , ,
f(3a) > 0 9a2 13a + 4 > 0 9
. . y(x) = 0, a = (x 2)2. xOa
a > 1,
a = a(x) = (x 2)2 (. 110).
, 2 m a < 4.
x a 3a, a a = a(x) = (x 2)2
f(a), f(3a) -
x (. 108): 4
a 3a x
a < x < 3a, 2
--- < a < 2, 3
3
f(a) > 0, a=x
a2 5a + 4 > 0,
. 108 f(3a) > 0 2 3a = x
9a2 13a + 4 > 0
2 1
--- < a < 2,
3
4
a < 1, 2 2 9
--- < a < 2, --- < a < 1,
a > 4, 3 3 O 1 4 2 3 4 x
3
a< 4
--- , a1 1 < a < 2,
9 . 110
a>1 (a; 3a). . .
, a 2 a < x,
--- ; 1 c (1; 2).
3 3a > x,
424 425
, , . . y(x) = 0, , , x -
a = (x 2)2 > 0, x 2. (a; 3a), . . x > 3a, x
(a; 3a), , , f(a) f(3a) , x
a 3a
, f(a) (. 109):
x = 2.
. x l 3a, am 2
--- ,
3
I . f(x) = x2 4x + . 109
f(a) > 0,
+ 4 a x = 2 D, - a2 5a + 4 > 0,
f(3a) < 0
9a2 13a + 4 < 0
, D
---- = 22 (4 a) = a > 0.
4
am 2
--- ,
x , 3
am 2
--- ,
a < 1, 3
4 2
x y = f(x), --- < a m --- .
a 3a x (a; 3a), . . a > 4, 4 9 3
--- < a < 1
x m a, f(a) f(3a) 4 9
--- < a < 1
, f(a) - 9
. 107 (. 107): a -
a l 2, : a [2; 4), a 2 4 2
--- ; 1- c (1; 2), a --- ; --- ,
x m a, 3 9 3
a l 2, 1 < a < 4,
f(a) < 0, a2 5a + 4 < 0, .
a < --4- , II . , ,
f(3a) > 0 9a2 13a + 4 > 0 9
. . y(x) = 0, a = (x 2)2. xOa
a > 1,
a = a(x) = (x 2)2 (. 110).
, 2 m a < 4.
x a 3a, a a = a(x) = (x 2)2
f(a), f(3a) -
x (. 108): 4
a 3a x
a < x < 3a, 2
--- < a < 2, 3
3
f(a) > 0, a=x
a2 5a + 4 > 0,
. 108 f(3a) > 0 2 3a = x
9a2 13a + 4 > 0
2 1
--- < a < 2,
3
4
a < 1, 2 2 9
--- < a < 2, --- < a < 1,
a > 4, 3 3 O 1 4 2 3 4 x
3
a< 4
--- , a1 1 < a < 2,
9 . 110
a>1 (a; 3a). . .
, a 2 a < x,
--- ; 1 c (1; 2).
3 3a > x,
424 425
, - 2.
a = x 3a = x .
a = x 3a = x
1. ) x --- + n | n Z a ; 3 1
--- c --- ; + ;
a = (x 2)2. , 3 2 2
a = x,
a {1; 4}, x --- arccos a + 1 3
--- + k; --- + n |k, n Z a --- ; 1 c
a = (x 2)2 6 2 3 2
3a = x, 4 c (1; 0) c 0; 1
--- ; x --- + k; --- + n | k, n Z a {1}.
a - ; 1.
-- 2 6 3
a = (x 2)2 9
( a 0)
y(x) > 0 a < (x 2)2 y(x) < 0 a > (x 2)2, x, sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x 0,
y(x) (x; a), - . . x n
------- , n Z.
2
a = (x 2)2, , -
;
y(x) ( ,
a sin x + ---- = 2 sin x cos2 x 1
--- . (1)
). 3 4
a = (x 2)2
3a = x a = x 4 4
--- ; ---- (1; 1) .
3 9 cos2 x 1
--- = cos x cos --- cos x + cos --- =
4 3 3
, -
, y(x), -
x --- x + --- x --- x + ---
= 2 sin ------------3- sin ------------3- 2 cos ------------3- cos ------------3- =
a: a 4
--- ; 1- 2 2 2 2
9
( Oa = sin x --- sin x + --- ,
3 3
a = (x 2)2).
a = (x 2)2 (1)
3a = x a = x (3; 1) (4; 4) .
sin x + --- -a + 2sin x sin x --- = 0.
, - 3 3
, y(x), -
a: a (1; 4) (- , sin x + --- = 0, . . x = --- + n, n Z
Oa 3 3
a = (x 2)2). ( x -
4
--- ; 1 (1; 4) ), a + 2 sin x sin x --- = 0, a + cos ---
9 3 3
a, . ) a 4; 15
------ c (5; 12); cos 2x --- = 0,
4 3
) a (8; 3) c 24 9
------ ; ------ ; ) a ( 36; 1). cos 2x --- = a + 1
--- . (2)
25 16 3 2
426 427
, - 2.
a = x 3a = x .
a = x 3a = x
1. ) x --- + n | n Z a ; 3 1
--- c --- ; + ;
a = (x 2)2. , 3 2 2
a = x,
a {1; 4}, x --- arccos a + 1 3
--- + k; --- + n |k, n Z a --- ; 1 c
a = (x 2)2 6 2 3 2
3a = x, 4 c (1; 0) c 0; 1
--- ; x --- + k; --- + n | k, n Z a {1}.
a - ; 1.
-- 2 6 3
a = (x 2)2 9
( a 0)
y(x) > 0 a < (x 2)2 y(x) < 0 a > (x 2)2, x, sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x 0,
y(x) (x; a), - . . x n
------- , n Z.
2
a = (x 2)2, , -
;
y(x) ( ,
a sin x + ---- = 2 sin x cos2 x 1
--- . (1)
). 3 4
a = (x 2)2
3a = x a = x 4 4
--- ; ---- (1; 1) .
3 9 cos2 x 1
--- = cos x cos --- cos x + cos --- =
4 3 3
, -
, y(x), -
x --- x + --- x --- x + ---
= 2 sin ------------3- sin ------------3- 2 cos ------------3- cos ------------3- =
a: a 4
--- ; 1- 2 2 2 2
9
( Oa = sin x --- sin x + --- ,
3 3
a = (x 2)2).
a = (x 2)2 (1)
3a = x a = x (3; 1) (4; 4) .
sin x + --- -a + 2sin x sin x --- = 0.
, - 3 3
, y(x), -
a: a (1; 4) (- , sin x + --- = 0, . . x = --- + n, n Z
Oa 3 3
a = (x 2)2). ( x -
4
--- ; 1 (1; 4) ), a + 2 sin x sin x --- = 0, a + cos ---
9 3 3
a, . ) a 4; 15
------ c (5; 12); cos 2x --- = 0,
4 3
) a (8; 3) c 24 9
------ ; ------ ; ) a ( 36; 1). cos 2x --- = a + 1
--- . (2)
25 16 3 2
426 427
3 1
a + 1
--- m 1, . . --- m a m --- , - 25
2 2 2 2. ) a (; 0) c ------ . , cos 8x = 1 2 sin2 4x,
8
x = --- 1 1
--- arccos a + --- + k, k Z. 2(2a 1)sin 4x (a + 3)cos 8x + 3a = 1
6 2 2
- f(t) = 0,
, -
--- + 1 1 1 2
--- arccos a + --- --- , arccos a + --- ------- , f(t) = (a + 3)t2 + (2a 1)t + (a 2), t = sin 4x.
6 2 2 2 2 3
a 1. , a = 1 - a 3. f(t) ,
D = (2a 1)2 4(a + 3)(a 2) = 25 8a.
x = --- 1 1
--- arccos 1 + --- + k = --- + k, k Z.
6 2 2 6
|sin 4x| m 1, -
, D l 0, -
(2) - t1 t2 f(t) = 0
, .
--- 1 1 1
--- arccos a + --- 0, arccos a + --- --- , , D = 0, . . a = 25 1 2a 3
------ , t0 = t1,2 = ---------------------- = --- ,
6 2 2 2 3 8 2(a + 3) 7
, , a 0. . , ,
sin 4x = t0, . ,
) x --- + k | k Z p (; 3) c (1; +); t = sin 4x , , -
3
--- , [; ] 4 , -
2
x --- 1 p+1
--- arccos ------------ + n; --- + k | n, k Z p [3; 2) c ( . 111 -
6 2 2 3 t = t0
t = sin 4x). , a = 25
------
c (2; 0) c (0; 1]; x --- + n; --- + k | n, k Z p {2}; 8
6 3
.
q2
) x --- 1
--- arccos ------------ + n; --- + k | n, k Z q t = sin 4x
t
3 2 2q 6 1 t=1
2 2 0 2
(; 2] c --- ; 1 c (1; +); x --- + k | k Z q x
3 6 t0 t = t0
1 t = 1
2
2; 2
--- ; x --- + n; --- + k | n, k Z q {1}.
3 3 6
. 111
428 429
3 1
a + 1
--- m 1, . . --- m a m --- , - 25
2 2 2 2. ) a (; 0) c ------ . , cos 8x = 1 2 sin2 4x,
8
x = --- 1 1
--- arccos a + --- + k, k Z. 2(2a 1)sin 4x (a + 3)cos 8x + 3a = 1
6 2 2
- f(t) = 0,
, -
--- + 1 1 1 2
--- arccos a + --- --- , arccos a + --- ------- , f(t) = (a + 3)t2 + (2a 1)t + (a 2), t = sin 4x.
6 2 2 2 2 3
a 1. , a = 1 - a 3. f(t) ,
D = (2a 1)2 4(a + 3)(a 2) = 25 8a.
x = --- 1 1
--- arccos 1 + --- + k = --- + k, k Z.
6 2 2 6
|sin 4x| m 1, -
, D l 0, -
(2) - t1 t2 f(t) = 0
, .
--- 1 1 1
--- arccos a + --- 0, arccos a + --- --- , , D = 0, . . a = 25 1 2a 3
------ , t0 = t1,2 = ---------------------- = --- ,
6 2 2 2 3 8 2(a + 3) 7
, , a 0. . , ,
sin 4x = t0, . ,
) x --- + k | k Z p (; 3) c (1; +); t = sin 4x , , -
3
--- , [; ] 4 , -
2
x --- 1 p+1
--- arccos ------------ + n; --- + k | n, k Z p [3; 2) c ( . 111 -
6 2 2 3 t = t0
t = sin 4x). , a = 25
------
c (2; 0) c (0; 1]; x --- + n; --- + k | n, k Z p {2}; 8
6 3
.
q2
) x --- 1
--- arccos ------------ + n; --- + k | n, k Z q t = sin 4x
t
3 2 2q 6 1 t=1
2 2 0 2
(; 2] c --- ; 1 c (1; +); x --- + k | k Z q x
3 6 t0 t = t0
1 t = 1
2
2; 2
--- ; x --- + n; --- + k | n, k Z q {1}.
3 3 6
. 111
428 429
3. ) a = 1. a m 1.
D > 0, . . a < 25
------ , f(t) = 0 -
8 -
, - . b = 3 ( 1 a ) ,
:
a sin 3x + 3 ( 1 a ) cos 3x = asin 3x + bcos 3x =
sin 4x = t1,
a b
sin 4x = t2. = a 2 + b 2 sin 3x ---------------------
- + cos 3x ------------------------ =
a2 + b2 a2 + b2
, , -
D = 0, , = a 2 + b 2 (sin 3x cos + cos 3x sin ) =
-
[; ] , = a 2 + b 2 sin(3x + ) = a 2 3a + 3 sin(3x + ),
(t1 t2) [1; 1], -
(1; 1) ( -
a a
[; ] t = sin 4x cos = ---------------------
- = ---------------------------------- ,
), t1,2 = 1, a2 + b2 a 2 3a + 3
t = 1 t = 1 [; ] - b 3(1 a)
t = sin 4x, sin = ---------------------
- = ----------------------------- .
a2 + b2 a 2 3a + 3
(. 111).
, , , t1 < t2, ,
: 2a 3
sin (3x + ) = ---------------------------------
-.
t1 < 1, 0 < |t1| < 1, t1 = 1, a 2 3a + 3
) ) )
0 < |t2| < 1; t2 > 1; t2 = 1. ,
t1 t2 f(t), ) , 2
------- . [; ]
3
) , f(t) [1; 1]
y = sin (3x + ) -
, . . f(1) f(1) < 0, f(0) 0, -
, 1, , -
) f(1) = f(1) = 0.
1, -
f(1) = 2, f(0) = a 2 f(1) = 4a, ,
) , ) ) a < 0. , . . --- .
2
D = 0 D > 0, -
[; ],
25 2a 3
a (; 3) c (3; 0) c ------ . - y = sin (3x + )
y = ---------------------------------
8 a 3a + 3
2
= 3. f(t) = 0 : ,
7t 5 = 0, t = 5
--- ; 0 < |t| < 1, 2a 3
7 ---------------------------------- = 1, (2a 3)2 = a2 3a + 3,
[; ] - a 2 3a + 3
am1
am1
25
. , a (; 0) c ------ . ) b (; 5) c (1; 1) c (1; +);
8 a2 3a + 2 = 0, (a 1)(a 2) = 0,
) c (5; 11); ) p {2; 1}. am1 am1
430 431
3. ) a = 1. a m 1.
D > 0, . . a < 25
------ , f(t) = 0 -
8 -
, - . b = 3 ( 1 a ) ,
:
a sin 3x + 3 ( 1 a ) cos 3x = asin 3x + bcos 3x =
sin 4x = t1,
a b
sin 4x = t2. = a 2 + b 2 sin 3x ---------------------
- + cos 3x ------------------------ =
a2 + b2 a2 + b2
, , -
D = 0, , = a 2 + b 2 (sin 3x cos + cos 3x sin ) =
-
[; ] , = a 2 + b 2 sin(3x + ) = a 2 3a + 3 sin(3x + ),
(t1 t2) [1; 1], -
(1; 1) ( -
a a
[; ] t = sin 4x cos = ---------------------
- = ---------------------------------- ,
), t1,2 = 1, a2 + b2 a 2 3a + 3
t = 1 t = 1 [; ] - b 3(1 a)
t = sin 4x, sin = ---------------------
- = ----------------------------- .
a2 + b2 a 2 3a + 3
(. 111).
, , , t1 < t2, ,
: 2a 3
sin (3x + ) = ---------------------------------
-.
t1 < 1, 0 < |t1| < 1, t1 = 1, a 2 3a + 3
) ) )
0 < |t2| < 1; t2 > 1; t2 = 1. ,
t1 t2 f(t), ) , 2
------- . [; ]
3
) , f(t) [1; 1]
y = sin (3x + ) -
, . . f(1) f(1) < 0, f(0) 0, -
, 1, , -
) f(1) = f(1) = 0.
1, -
f(1) = 2, f(0) = a 2 f(1) = 4a, ,
) , ) ) a < 0. , . . --- .
2
D = 0 D > 0, -
[; ],
25 2a 3
a (; 3) c (3; 0) c ------ . - y = sin (3x + )
y = ---------------------------------
8 a 3a + 3
2
= 3. f(t) = 0 : ,
7t 5 = 0, t = 5
--- ; 0 < |t| < 1, 2a 3
7 ---------------------------------- = 1, (2a 3)2 = a2 3a + 3,
[; ] - a 2 3a + 3
am1
am1
25
. , a (; 0) c ------ . ) b (; 5) c (1; 1) c (1; +);
8 a2 3a + 2 = 0, (a 1)(a 2) = 0,
) c (5; 11); ) p {2; 1}. am1 am1
430 431
a = 1. sin = 0, ,
--- . = --- , , L = arctg 1 2
--- + arcsin ------- . -
2 2 2 5
- 1 2. -
2a 3
---------------------------------
- = 1, , , - 5 . ,
a 2 3a + 3
1 arctg 1
--- ,
a . , a = 1; ) b = 2; ) c = ------ ; ) d = 2. 2
24
2
4. ) a = 3. - . --- , L = --- .
arcsin ------
5 2 2
, x -
x. sin (4x ) --- , -
2
x = 0. x = 0 , -
, -
, a a2 2a 3 = 0,
1, . . a +4
. . a = 1 a = 3. a 1 a 3 ------------- = 1,
13
, .
a = 1 ( - a = 4 13 .
), a = 3
20 2 10
) a = 2 34 ; ) a = 1
-------------------- ; ) a = ------------------------- .
3 5
9 cos x + sin2 x
--- 6 x 2 + 1 = 3
2
cos x
9 cos x + 1 17 5
----------------------- 6 x 2 + 1 = 3 ------ cos x = --- + 6 x 2 + 1 .
2 2 2
17 17 5
------ cos x m ------ m --- + 6 x 2 + 1 x, -
2 2 2
x = 0;
x = 0 a = 3.
) 1; ) 1; ) 2. 5. ) a = 4 13 .
2 sin 4x 3 cos 4x = a + 4.
3 3 2
= arcsin ----------
- , sin = ----------- , cos = ----------- ,
13 13 13
,
2 sin 4x 3 cos 4x =
2 3
= 13 ----------
- sin 4x ----------- cos 4x = 13 sin (4x ).
13 13
,
+4
sin (4x ) = a
------------- .
13
432 433
a = 1. sin = 0, ,
--- . = --- , , L = arctg 1 2
--- + arcsin ------- . -
2 2 2 5
- 1 2. -
2a 3
---------------------------------
- = 1, , , - 5 . ,
a 2 3a + 3
1 arctg 1
--- ,
a . , a = 1; ) b = 2; ) c = ------ ; ) d = 2. 2
24
2
4. ) a = 3. - . --- , L = --- .
arcsin ------
5 2 2
, x -
x. sin (4x ) --- , -
2
x = 0. x = 0 , -
, -
, a a2 2a 3 = 0,
1, . . a +4
. . a = 1 a = 3. a 1 a 3 ------------- = 1,
13
, .
a = 1 ( - a = 4 13 .
), a = 3
20 2 10
) a = 2 34 ; ) a = 1
-------------------- ; ) a = ------------------------- .
3 5
9 cos x + sin2 x
--- 6 x 2 + 1 = 3
2
cos x
9 cos x + 1 17 5
----------------------- 6 x 2 + 1 = 3 ------ cos x = --- + 6 x 2 + 1 .
2 2 2
17 17 5
------ cos x m ------ m --- + 6 x 2 + 1 x, -
2 2 2
x = 0;
x = 0 a = 3.
) 1; ) 1; ) 2. 5. ) a = 4 13 .
2 sin 4x 3 cos 4x = a + 4.
3 3 2
= arcsin ----------
- , sin = ----------- , cos = ----------- ,
13 13 13
,
2 sin 4x 3 cos 4x =
2 3
= 13 ----------
- sin 4x ----------- cos 4x = 13 sin (4x ).
13 13
,
+4
sin (4x ) = a
------------- .
13
432 433
XI
1 xn + 1
S(1 x) = ----------------------- (n + 1)xn + 1.
1x
( n + 2 )x n + 1 + ( n + 1 )x n + 1
S= 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
1. . (1 x) 2
[ 1 ( n + 1 )x 2n + nx 2n + 2 ] x n + 1 ( n + 1 )x + n
3. 1
------ 1 1 1
- > ------- , ------- > ------- , , 15. ) x - ; ) ----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
1 n 2 n (1 x ) 2 2 nx (x 1) 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
----------------- > ------- , ------- = ------- , , , ------- + ------- +
n1 n n n 1 2
1 1 n 1
2. .
+ ----------------
- + ------- > ------- = ------- .
n1 n n n
x + 1 )x x(x 1)
. - 1. x = 5. 3 (---------------------
- 2 ---------------------- 2! = x x(x 5) = 0.
2 2!
.
x N, x = 5.
4. 1. n = 1 , . 2. -
, n = k, k ( x + 1 )x ( x 1 ) ( x + 1 )!
2. x = 4. ----------------------------------------
- 3! + --------------------------------------------------------------- =
3! ( x 1 )! ( x + 1 ( x 1 ) )
, . . |sin kx| m k|sin x| x R.
, n = k - = 14(x + 1). , x1 = 7
--- , x2 = 1, x3 = 4.
2
n = k + 1 k -
x R, . A(k) A(k + 1). , x N, x = 4.
|sin (k + 1)x| = |sin kx cos x + cos kx sin x| m 3. x = 9. 4. x = 3. 5. x = 7.
m |sin kx| |cos x| + |cos kx| |sin x| m (x + 3)(x + 2)(x + 1) = 720. , -
m |sin kx| + |sin x| m k|sin x| + |sin x| = (k + 1)|sin x|,
f(x) = (x + 3)(x + 2)(x + 1) -
. . |sin (k + 1)x| m (k + 1)|sin x|, - , .
.
n 1 n 6. {0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5}. 7. n > 4. 8. {5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10}. 9. {8; 9; 10;....}.
11. ------------
-. , --------------------- =1 1
--- ------------- . 12. ----------------- . -
n+1 k(k + 1) k k+1 2n + 1
n x1
n + 1 1 1
--- . , ----------------- = --- -------------------------- . 10. x l 2, x N. C x + 1 = C x2 + 1 , -
2 2n + 1 2 2 ( 2n + 1 )
x + 1 )x
13. Sn = (n + 1)! 1. , (--------------------- 3
- > --- , x2 + x 3 > 0,
2 2
k k! = (k + 1 1)k! = (k + 1)k! k! = (k + 1)! k!.
13 + 1 13 1
x ; ---------------------
- c -------------------- ; +- . , x N,
1 ( n + 2 )x n + 1 + ( n + 1 )x n + 2 2 2
14. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . S = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + ... +
(1 x) 2
x , 2. 11.
+ (n + 1)xn, . 12. . 13. mnk .
Sx = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + ... + nxn + (n + 1)xn + 1,
S Sx = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ... + xn (n + 1)xn + 1, 14. 2 (P5)2 = 2 (120)2 .
434 435
XI
1 xn + 1
S(1 x) = ----------------------- (n + 1)xn + 1.
1x
( n + 2 )x n + 1 + ( n + 1 )x n + 1
S= 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
1. . (1 x) 2
[ 1 ( n + 1 )x 2n + nx 2n + 2 ] x n + 1 ( n + 1 )x + n
3. 1
------ 1 1 1
- > ------- , ------- > ------- , , 15. ) x - ; ) ----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
1 n 2 n (1 x ) 2 2 nx (x 1) 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
----------------- > ------- , ------- = ------- , , , ------- + ------- +
n1 n n n 1 2
1 1 n 1
2. .
+ ----------------
- + ------- > ------- = ------- .
n1 n n n
x + 1 )x x(x 1)
. - 1. x = 5. 3 (---------------------
- 2 ---------------------- 2! = x x(x 5) = 0.
2 2!
.
x N, x = 5.
4. 1. n = 1 , . 2. -
, n = k, k ( x + 1 )x ( x 1 ) ( x + 1 )!
2. x = 4. ----------------------------------------
- 3! + --------------------------------------------------------------- =
3! ( x 1 )! ( x + 1 ( x 1 ) )
, . . |sin kx| m k|sin x| x R.
, n = k - = 14(x + 1). , x1 = 7
--- , x2 = 1, x3 = 4.
2
n = k + 1 k -
x R, . A(k) A(k + 1). , x N, x = 4.
|sin (k + 1)x| = |sin kx cos x + cos kx sin x| m 3. x = 9. 4. x = 3. 5. x = 7.
m |sin kx| |cos x| + |cos kx| |sin x| m (x + 3)(x + 2)(x + 1) = 720. , -
m |sin kx| + |sin x| m k|sin x| + |sin x| = (k + 1)|sin x|,
f(x) = (x + 3)(x + 2)(x + 1) -
. . |sin (k + 1)x| m (k + 1)|sin x|, - , .
.
n 1 n 6. {0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5}. 7. n > 4. 8. {5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10}. 9. {8; 9; 10;....}.
11. ------------
-. , --------------------- =1 1
--- ------------- . 12. ----------------- . -
n+1 k(k + 1) k k+1 2n + 1
n x1
n + 1 1 1
--- . , ----------------- = --- -------------------------- . 10. x l 2, x N. C x + 1 = C x2 + 1 , -
2 2n + 1 2 2 ( 2n + 1 )
x + 1 )x
13. Sn = (n + 1)! 1. , (--------------------- 3
- > --- , x2 + x 3 > 0,
2 2
k k! = (k + 1 1)k! = (k + 1)k! k! = (k + 1)! k!.
13 + 1 13 1
x ; ---------------------
- c -------------------- ; +- . , x N,
1 ( n + 2 )x n + 1 + ( n + 1 )x n + 2 2 2
14. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . S = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + ... +
(1 x) 2
x , 2. 11.
+ (n + 1)xn, . 12. . 13. mnk .
Sx = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + ... + nxn + (n + 1)xn + 1,
S Sx = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ... + xn (n + 1)xn + 1, 14. 2 (P5)2 = 2 (120)2 .
434 435
1 2
+ 3x2]12 = [(1 x)2]12 + C 12 [(1 x)2]11 3x2 + C 12 [(1 x)2]10
, -
. P5 - 1
9x4 + = (1 x)24 + C 12 (1 x)22 3x2 + C 12 (1 x)20 9x4 + =
2
P5 . ,
1 2 3 4 1 1
. 2 (P5)2 = (1 C 24 x + C 24 x2 C 24 x3 + C 24 x4 ) + 3 C 12 x2(1 C 22 x +
3 5 2 2 1
. 15. A 10 = 720 . 16. C 9 = 126 . + C 22 x2 ) + 9x4 C 12 (1 C 20 x + ). -
3 2 4 4
17. ( C 8 6)P3P5 = 36 000 . 18. A 3 A 5 = 720 . , x4 C 24 +
5 2 3
----------------------------
19. A 9 = 15 120 . 20. 576 . 21. C 7 25 = 672 . 1 2 2
+ 3 C 12 C 22 + 9 C 12 . 37. x1 = 104, x2 = 10.
3
T3 = C 6 x 2 ( lgx + 1 )
1
22. 261 972 . 3, ---
x = 200, 1 3
4
--- + ----------------------------- lg x = 1; lg x = 4, lg x = 1; x1 =
4, ..., 18 . A = C 18 +
3 4 2 ( lgx + 1 )
4 18 0 = 104, x2 = 10.
+ C 18 + + C 18 . , C 18 +
1 2 18 6 0 1 2
+ C 18 + C 18 + + C 18 = 218, . . 1 + 18 + 153 + A = 218 = 38. T6 = C 12 26 x6. C n 2 C n + 4 C n = 241
= 262 144, A = 262 144 172 = 261 972. 23. 840 . 1 2n + 2n(n 1) = 241, n1 = 10, n2 = 12. -
24. 45 104 . , - n = 12. ,
- k k
Tk = C 12 (x2)12 k --2- , 2(12 k) k = 6, k = 6. -
. 9 105 x
. 25. 15 ; 156 . 26. T5 = 252. 27. T6 = 924. 6
. 39. . 40. T 10 = 210. 41. 1420.
9 7
--- ---
2 8 2
28. T5 = 252 x . 29. T6 = 84. 30. T8 = C 17 . 31. T1 = 14 a .
42. ,
5
---
3
32. T3 = 20x2. 33. x1 = 10, x2 = 10 .
(n 1) n(n 1)(n 2)
xn = 1 + n --1- + n 1 1
---------------------- -----2- + ----------------------------------------- -----3- + ...
n 2 n 3! n
34.
( n 1 ) ( n 2 ) [ n ( n 1 ) ]
0 1 n ... + n 1 1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------n = 2 + ----- 1 ---- +
(x + 1)n = C n xn + C n xn 1 + + C n , n! n 2! n
0 1 n 1 1 2 1 1 2 n1
(1 + x)n = C n + C n x + + C n xn, - 1 ----- 1 ----- + + ----- 1 ----- 1 ----- 1 ------------- . (1)
+ ----
3! n n n! n n n
(1 + x)2n -
2 2
xn. 35. n = 13. , x
--- + --- =
5 5 1 1 1 1 2
- 1 ------------- + ----- 1 ------------- 1 ------------- + ...
xn + 1 = 2 + ----
2! n+1 3! n+1 n+1
=1
4
--- (x + 2)n, (x + 2)n. 36. C 24 +
5
1 1
1 ------------ 2 n
1 2 2 ... + ------------------- - - 1 ------------- .
1 ------------ (2)
+ 3 C 12 C 22 + 9 C 12 . (1 2x + 4x2)12 = [(1 x)2 + ( n + 1 )! n+1 n+2 n+1
436 437
1 2
+ 3x2]12 = [(1 x)2]12 + C 12 [(1 x)2]11 3x2 + C 12 [(1 x)2]10
, -
. P5 - 1
9x4 + = (1 x)24 + C 12 (1 x)22 3x2 + C 12 (1 x)20 9x4 + =
2
P5 . ,
1 2 3 4 1 1
. 2 (P5)2 = (1 C 24 x + C 24 x2 C 24 x3 + C 24 x4 ) + 3 C 12 x2(1 C 22 x +
3 5 2 2 1
. 15. A 10 = 720 . 16. C 9 = 126 . + C 22 x2 ) + 9x4 C 12 (1 C 20 x + ). -
3 2 4 4
17. ( C 8 6)P3P5 = 36 000 . 18. A 3 A 5 = 720 . , x4 C 24 +
5 2 3
----------------------------
19. A 9 = 15 120 . 20. 576 . 21. C 7 25 = 672 . 1 2 2
+ 3 C 12 C 22 + 9 C 12 . 37. x1 = 104, x2 = 10.
3
T3 = C 6 x 2 ( lgx + 1 )
1
22. 261 972 . 3, ---
x = 200, 1 3
4
--- + ----------------------------- lg x = 1; lg x = 4, lg x = 1; x1 =
4, ..., 18 . A = C 18 +
3 4 2 ( lgx + 1 )
4 18 0 = 104, x2 = 10.
+ C 18 + + C 18 . , C 18 +
1 2 18 6 0 1 2
+ C 18 + C 18 + + C 18 = 218, . . 1 + 18 + 153 + A = 218 = 38. T6 = C 12 26 x6. C n 2 C n + 4 C n = 241
= 262 144, A = 262 144 172 = 261 972. 23. 840 . 1 2n + 2n(n 1) = 241, n1 = 10, n2 = 12. -
24. 45 104 . , - n = 12. ,
- k k
Tk = C 12 (x2)12 k --2- , 2(12 k) k = 6, k = 6. -
. 9 105 x
. 25. 15 ; 156 . 26. T5 = 252. 27. T6 = 924. 6
. 39. . 40. T 10 = 210. 41. 1420.
9 7
--- ---
2 8 2
28. T5 = 252 x . 29. T6 = 84. 30. T8 = C 17 . 31. T1 = 14 a .
42. ,
5
---
3
32. T3 = 20x2. 33. x1 = 10, x2 = 10 .
(n 1) n(n 1)(n 2)
xn = 1 + n --1- + n 1 1
---------------------- -----2- + ----------------------------------------- -----3- + ...
n 2 n 3! n
34.
( n 1 ) ( n 2 ) [ n ( n 1 ) ]
0 1 n ... + n 1 1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------n = 2 + ----- 1 ---- +
(x + 1)n = C n xn + C n xn 1 + + C n , n! n 2! n
0 1 n 1 1 2 1 1 2 n1
(1 + x)n = C n + C n x + + C n xn, - 1 ----- 1 ----- + + ----- 1 ----- 1 ----- 1 ------------- . (1)
+ ----
3! n n n! n n n
(1 + x)2n -
2 2
xn. 35. n = 13. , x
--- + --- =
5 5 1 1 1 1 2
- 1 ------------- + ----- 1 ------------- 1 ------------- + ...
xn + 1 = 2 + ----
2! n+1 3! n+1 n+1
=1
4
--- (x + 2)n, (x + 2)n. 36. C 24 +
5
1 1
1 ------------ 2 n
1 2 2 ... + ------------------- - - 1 ------------- .
1 ------------ (2)
+ 3 C 12 C 22 + 9 C 12 . (1 2x + 4x2)12 = [(1 x)2 + ( n + 1 )! n+1 n+2 n+1
436 437
(1) (2) , 1 --k- <
n
k 2sin -x + --- sin x = ------3- + 1
--- . (1)
- 0 < k < n, , xn + 1
< 1 ------------ 3 2 2
n+1
xn , - ,
, xn < xn + 1 n N. sin x + --- . : sin x + --- l 0
3 3
43. - sin x + --- < 0.
(1) (. 42). 3
sin x + --- l 0 -
44. (1) 3
(. 42) . , (1),
1 1
k! 2k 1
- k > 2,
---- < ------------ 2sin x + --- sin x = ------3- + 1
--- ;
3 2 2
xn < 2 + 1 1 1
--- + -----2- + + -------------
1
= 3 ------------- < 3.
2 2 n1
2 2n1 cos --- cos 2x + --- = ------3- + 1
--- ;
3 3 2 2
45. nn,
n cos 2x + --- = ------3- ;
1 + --1- < n. - 3 2
n
n
44, 1 + --1- < 3 2x + --- = 5
------- + 2n, n Z;
n 3 6
n
n N, , 1 + --1- < n
n x = 5
------- --- + n, n Z,
12 6
n l 3.
x = 7
------- + n, n Z; x = --- + m, m Z.
12 4
3. , ,
, sin x + --- l 0,
3
1. ) {11}; ) {2}; ) {3}; ) {0}. 2. a) x 5
------- + 2k; --- + 2l | k, x = 5
------- + 2k, k Z; x = --- + 2l, l Z. (2)
12 4 12 4
l Z . , - sin x + --- < 0
3
: (1)
3 2sin2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x = 2 sin x + --- sin x = ------3- + 1
--- ;
3 2 2
= 3(sin2 x + cos2 x) 2sin2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x =
cos 2x + --- cos --- = ------3- + 1
--- ;
= sin2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x + 3cos2 x = 3 3 2 2
2
= (sin x + 3 cos x)2 = -2sin x + --- . cos 2x + ---- = ------3- + 1 > 1, . . .
3 3 2
438 439
(1) (2) , 1 --k- <
n
k 2sin -x + --- sin x = ------3- + 1
--- . (1)
- 0 < k < n, , xn + 1
< 1 ------------ 3 2 2
n+1
xn , - ,
, xn < xn + 1 n N. sin x + --- . : sin x + --- l 0
3 3
43. - sin x + --- < 0.
(1) (. 42). 3
sin x + --- l 0 -
44. (1) 3
(. 42) . , (1),
1 1
k! 2k 1
- k > 2,
---- < ------------ 2sin x + --- sin x = ------3- + 1
--- ;
3 2 2
xn < 2 + 1 1 1
--- + -----2- + + -------------
1
= 3 ------------- < 3.
2 2 n1
2 2n1 cos --- cos 2x + --- = ------3- + 1
--- ;
3 3 2 2
45. nn,
n cos 2x + --- = ------3- ;
1 + --1- < n. - 3 2
n
n
44, 1 + --1- < 3 2x + --- = 5
------- + 2n, n Z;
n 3 6
n
n N, , 1 + --1- < n
n x = 5
------- --- + n, n Z,
12 6
n l 3.
x = 7
------- + n, n Z; x = --- + m, m Z.
12 4
3. , ,
, sin x + --- l 0,
3
1. ) {11}; ) {2}; ) {3}; ) {0}. 2. a) x 5
------- + 2k; --- + 2l | k, x = 5
------- + 2k, k Z; x = --- + 2l, l Z. (2)
12 4 12 4
l Z . , - sin x + --- < 0
3
: (1)
3 2sin2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x = 2 sin x + --- sin x = ------3- + 1
--- ;
3 2 2
= 3(sin2 x + cos2 x) 2sin2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x =
cos 2x + --- cos --- = ------3- + 1
--- ;
= sin2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x + 3cos2 x = 3 3 2 2
2
= (sin x + 3 cos x)2 = -2sin x + --- . cos 2x + ---- = ------3- + 1 > 1, . . .
3 3 2
438 439
y
(2); , . . x = --- ; ) x --- ;
3 4
) x --- + 2n; 3
------- + 2k n, k Z ;
8 ) x --- ; --- ; ) x --- ; --- .
8
O 2 1 x
3 6 6 6 6
) x {2n| n Z}; ) x ( 1 ) n + 1 arcsin 1
--- +
6
4. ) a (; 1); a (0; +) c {1};
. 112 a {0}; a (1; 0).
+ n n Z . 3. ) x --- ; --- . y = x4 4x3 + 4x2 1 -
3 3
y = a
(. 112): a;
2 x2 l 0; ) a (; 27); a {27};
cos x > 0, a (27; 0) c (5; +); a {0; 5}; -
cos x 1; a (0; 5);
cos x ) a (; 8); a {8; 19};
1 3
----------------- > 0, a (8; 19). 5. a) {(tg a; 2; ln (2a 1))}
2
1
a 1
--- ; --- , a --- ; --- ;
2 2 2 2
|x| m ,
) {(1; ea; n + (1)n arcsin (a + 1) | n Z}; (1; ea; n + (1)n
0 < cos x < 2
--- . arcsin (a + 1))| n Z a [2; 0], a [2; 0].
3
) {((a 3)2; cos (a 2); 3|} a [3; + 2]; a [3; + 2].
x --- ; arccos 2 2
---- c arccos --- ; ---- (. . 112). 6. ) y = 2x 1, (0; 1) (1; 1); y = 0, -
2 3 3 2 (0; 0) (1; 0);
( 2 x 2 ) - ) y = 2x + 2, (0; 2) (1; 4); y = 4x + 1, -
, , (1; 5) (0; 1);
) y = 2x + 3, (1; 5) (1; 1); y = 10 11
------ x + ------ ,
3 9
cos x
log cos x 1 3
----------------- 2 = 0.
2 5 61 1 1
--- ; ------ --- ; --- .
3 9 3 9
, 7. ) c = 3. K
cos x M -
log cos x 1 3
----------------- = 2 y
2
M
y = x2 + 5x + 1 y = x2 + bx + c,
cos x = 2, L N
cos x
1 3
----------------- = cos2 x 2cos2 x + 3cos x 2 = 0 L
2 cos x = 1
--- . N
2
(. 113) K
S KLMN
(cos x = 2) , - b c.
(x1; y1) (x2; y2) - O x
x = --- + 2n, n Z ,
3 - - . 113
440 441
y
(2); , . . x = --- ; ) x --- ;
3 4
) x --- + 2n; 3
------- + 2k n, k Z ;
8 ) x --- ; --- ; ) x --- ; --- .
8
O 2 1 x
3 6 6 6 6
) x {2n| n Z}; ) x ( 1 ) n + 1 arcsin 1
--- +
6
4. ) a (; 1); a (0; +) c {1};
. 112 a {0}; a (1; 0).
+ n n Z . 3. ) x --- ; --- . y = x4 4x3 + 4x2 1 -
3 3
y = a
(. 112): a;
2 x2 l 0; ) a (; 27); a {27};
cos x > 0, a (27; 0) c (5; +); a {0; 5}; -
cos x 1; a (0; 5);
cos x ) a (; 8); a {8; 19};
1 3
----------------- > 0, a (8; 19). 5. a) {(tg a; 2; ln (2a 1))}
2
1
a 1
--- ; --- , a --- ; --- ;
2 2 2 2
|x| m ,
) {(1; ea; n + (1)n arcsin (a + 1) | n Z}; (1; ea; n + (1)n
0 < cos x < 2
--- . arcsin (a + 1))| n Z a [2; 0], a [2; 0].
3
) {((a 3)2; cos (a 2); 3|} a [3; + 2]; a [3; + 2].
x --- ; arccos 2 2
---- c arccos --- ; ---- (. . 112). 6. ) y = 2x 1, (0; 1) (1; 1); y = 0, -
2 3 3 2 (0; 0) (1; 0);
( 2 x 2 ) - ) y = 2x + 2, (0; 2) (1; 4); y = 4x + 1, -
, , (1; 5) (0; 1);
) y = 2x + 3, (1; 5) (1; 1); y = 10 11
------ x + ------ ,
3 9
cos x
log cos x 1 3
----------------- 2 = 0.
2 5 61 1 1
--- ; ------ --- ; --- .
3 9 3 9
, 7. ) c = 3. K
cos x M -
log cos x 1 3
----------------- = 2 y
2
M
y = x2 + 5x + 1 y = x2 + bx + c,
cos x = 2, L N
cos x
1 3
----------------- = cos2 x 2cos2 x + 3cos x 2 = 0 L
2 cos x = 1
--- . N
2
(. 113) K
S KLMN
(cos x = 2) , - b c.
(x1; y1) (x2; y2) - O x
x = --- + 2n, n Z ,
3 - - . 113
440 441
. , , :
(x1; y1)
x1 = , x1 = ,
y y1 = (2x1 + 5)(x x1), x2 = x2 = .
2 KLMN
, , y1 = x 1 + 5x1 + 1,
xK = , xM = , xN = , xL = .
2
xK = xL xM = xN, KL
y = (2x1 + 5)x + x 1 + 1. MN x =
x = , , KL C MN.
(x2; y2) KL, -
y y2 = (2x2 + b)(x x2), , , y2 = K L:
2 2
= x 2 + bx2 + c, y = (2x2 + b)x + c x 2 . 2 2
KL = yL yK = x L + bxL + c ( x K + 5xK + 1) =
-
( 5 b )2 c+1
- + ------------ .
= 2 + + c + 2 5 1 = 22 -------------------
8 2
b
2x1 + 5 = 2x2 + b, x1 + x2 = 5
------------ ,
2
2 2 , (1),
x1 + 1 = c x2 2 2
x1 + x2 = c 1, 5b c1 ( 5 b )2
2 ------------ = -----------
- -------------------- ; ,
2 2 8
, x1 x2 -
1 ( 5 b )2 c+1 ( 5 b )2
KL = 2 c-----------
- -------------------- + ------------ = 2(c 1) -------------------- = D.
2 8 2 4
b ( 5 b )2 c1
x2 5
------------ x + -------------------- ------------ = 0. (1)
2 8 2 , MN = D. , KL = MN
KLMN .
-
= D ,
, , -
3
---
, (1) - S = KL (xM xK) = KL ( ) = D 2 ,
:
3
5 b )2
D = 2(c 1) (-------------------
---
- > 0. ( 5 b )2 2
4 . . S = 2( 1) -------------------
-- .
4
5 b )2 ( b 5 )2
, , S = 8, 2(c 1) (-------------------
- = 4. c = -------------------- + 3,
4 8
(1):
, c
b b
= 5 1
------------ --- D, = 5 1
------------ + --- D b = 5 3; ) 3 1
--- ; ) --- ; ) 12.
4 2 4 2 2 2
442 443
. , , :
(x1; y1)
x1 = , x1 = ,
y y1 = (2x1 + 5)(x x1), x2 = x2 = .
2 KLMN
, , y1 = x 1 + 5x1 + 1,
xK = , xM = , xN = , xL = .
2
xK = xL xM = xN, KL
y = (2x1 + 5)x + x 1 + 1. MN x =
x = , , KL C MN.
(x2; y2) KL, -
y y2 = (2x2 + b)(x x2), , , y2 = K L:
2 2
= x 2 + bx2 + c, y = (2x2 + b)x + c x 2 . 2 2
KL = yL yK = x L + bxL + c ( x K + 5xK + 1) =
-
( 5 b )2 c+1
- + ------------ .
= 2 + + c + 2 5 1 = 22 -------------------
8 2
b
2x1 + 5 = 2x2 + b, x1 + x2 = 5
------------ ,
2
2 2 , (1),
x1 + 1 = c x2 2 2
x1 + x2 = c 1, 5b c1 ( 5 b )2
2 ------------ = -----------
- -------------------- ; ,
2 2 8
, x1 x2 -
1 ( 5 b )2 c+1 ( 5 b )2
KL = 2 c-----------
- -------------------- + ------------ = 2(c 1) -------------------- = D.
2 8 2 4
b ( 5 b )2 c1
x2 5
------------ x + -------------------- ------------ = 0. (1)
2 8 2 , MN = D. , KL = MN
KLMN .
-
= D ,
, , -
3
---
, (1) - S = KL (xM xK) = KL ( ) = D 2 ,
:
3
5 b )2
D = 2(c 1) (-------------------
---
- > 0. ( 5 b )2 2
4 . . S = 2( 1) -------------------
-- .
4
5 b )2 ( b 5 )2
, , S = 8, 2(c 1) (-------------------
- = 4. c = -------------------- + 3,
4 8
(1):
, c
b b
= 5 1
------------ --- D, = 5 1
------------ + --- D b = 5 3; ) 3 1
--- ; ) --- ; ) 12.
4 2 4 2 2 2
442 443
(1):
8. ) x -7
--- ; 4- c [5; +). -
2
a(x)b(x) l 0,
x 0, x 1, x 2,
5x 17 ,
logx 3 -------------------- m logx 3(x 3).
2 a b, a + b <
<0< ab , a b -
:
a + b l 2 ab > ab . -
a b ( -
0 < x 3 < 1, 3 < x < 4, ), ,
5x 17 2x2 17x + 35 m 0, , ,
-------------------- l x 3,
2
x > 4, .
x 3 > 1, , :
x > 17
------ ,
5x 17 5
0< -------------------- m x 3 x < 2,
2 2x2 17x + 35 l 0 a < 0, 1 < x < 2,
1)
b<0 log x 2 log x x
3 < x < 4, ------------------------------------------------- < 0
x+2
7
--- m x m 5, 7 x < 2, x < 2,
2 --- m x < 4,
x > 4, 2
log|x| 2 log|x| |x| > 0, |x| < 2,
x l 5. 2 < x < 2;
xm 7
--- , 1 < x < 2,
2 1 < x < 2,
xl5 log|x| 2 log|x| |x| < 0 |x| > 2
x = 2,
) x 3 7 3
--- ; 1 c [2; +); ) x --- ; --- c (2; 3]; ) x a = 0,
2 5 2 2) log x 2 1 x = 2;
b<0 ------------------------------- < 0
x+2
4
--- ; 1 c (0; 4). 9. ) x [ 2 ; 2]. ,
3
a < 0, x < 2,
a < 0,
3) log x 2 1 1 < x < 2, x = 2 ,
2 2 2 b=0 ------------------------------- = 0
- = log x 2 -------
log x 2 ----- = log|x| ------2- = log|x| 2 1. x+2 x= 2.
x2 x x
, .
) x (0; 1) c {2}; ) x [1,5; 1) c [2; +); ) x [2; 1) c
c [2; +).
a+b< ab , (1) 10. ) a (3 2 5 ; +). sin x = t, t [1; 1];
f(t) = t2 (a + 1)t + 2a + 3 > 0, (1)
x 1)(x 2) log x 2 1
a = a(x) = (------------------------------------ , b = b(x) = ------------------------------
-.
x+2 x+2 (1) t [1; 1].
444 445
(1):
8. ) x -7
--- ; 4- c [5; +). -
2
a(x)b(x) l 0,
x 0, x 1, x 2,
5x 17 ,
logx 3 -------------------- m logx 3(x 3).
2 a b, a + b <
<0< ab , a b -
:
a + b l 2 ab > ab . -
a b ( -
0 < x 3 < 1, 3 < x < 4, ), ,
5x 17 2x2 17x + 35 m 0, , ,
-------------------- l x 3,
2
x > 4, .
x 3 > 1, , :
x > 17
------ ,
5x 17 5
0< -------------------- m x 3 x < 2,
2 2x2 17x + 35 l 0 a < 0, 1 < x < 2,
1)
b<0 log x 2 log x x
3 < x < 4, ------------------------------------------------- < 0
x+2
7
--- m x m 5, 7 x < 2, x < 2,
2 --- m x < 4,
x > 4, 2
log|x| 2 log|x| |x| > 0, |x| < 2,
x l 5. 2 < x < 2;
xm 7
--- , 1 < x < 2,
2 1 < x < 2,
xl5 log|x| 2 log|x| |x| < 0 |x| > 2
x = 2,
) x 3 7 3
--- ; 1 c [2; +); ) x --- ; --- c (2; 3]; ) x a = 0,
2 5 2 2) log x 2 1 x = 2;
b<0 ------------------------------- < 0
x+2
4
--- ; 1 c (0; 4). 9. ) x [ 2 ; 2]. ,
3
a < 0, x < 2,
a < 0,
3) log x 2 1 1 < x < 2, x = 2 ,
2 2 2 b=0 ------------------------------- = 0
- = log x 2 -------
log x 2 ----- = log|x| ------2- = log|x| 2 1. x+2 x= 2.
x2 x x
, .
) x (0; 1) c {2}; ) x [1,5; 1) c [2; +); ) x [2; 1) c
c [2; +).
a+b< ab , (1) 10. ) a (3 2 5 ; +). sin x = t, t [1; 1];
f(t) = t2 (a + 1)t + 2a + 3 > 0, (1)
x 1)(x 2) log x 2 1
a = a(x) = (------------------------------------ , b = b(x) = ------------------------------
-.
x+2 x+2 (1) t [1; 1].
444 445
f (t) f(t) - = 2x3 + x2 + 6x + C, C , -
f (1) t0 = . y = f(x) y = F(x)
t0
+1 M0 (x0; y0), x0 > 0,7. -
1 1 t =a
------------- , -
2 f(x) F(x)
. 114 .
t0 < 1, (1) . M0
t [1; 1] , f(1) > 0 (. 114),
,
f(x0) = F(x0),
a+1 a < 3,
t0 < 1, ------------- < 1, f(x0) = F(x0) = f(x0),
2
f(1) > 0 a > 5
--- , x0 > 0,7.
1 + (a + 1) + 2a + 3 > 0 3
. . . :
1 m t0 m 1, (1)
2 3 2
t [1; 1], , f(t0) > 0 (. 115), 6x 0 + 2x0 + 6 = 2x 0 + x 0 + 6x0 + C,
12x0 + 2 = 6x 0 + 2x0 + 6,
2
+1
f (t) 1 m t0 m 1, 1 m a
------------- m 1,
2 x0 > 0,7
f(t0) > 0 a 2 6a 11
--------------------------------
- > 0,
1 t0 1 t 4 2 3 2
C = 5,
6x 0 + 2x0 + 6 = 2x 0 + x 0 + 6x0 + C,
3 m a m 1,
. 115 x0 = 1.
x0 = 1
a2 6a 11 < 0
3 m a m 1, , F(x) = 2x3 + x2 + 6x + 5,
3 2 5 < a m 1.
32 5 <a<3+2 5 F(x) f(x)
- l 0,
-----------------------------
f ( x )
t0 > 1, (1) t [1; 1]
, f(1) > 0 (. 116),
1
( x 1 ) 2 x ---
a+1 2x 3 5x 2 + 4x 1 2
f (1) f (t) t0 > 1, ------------- > 1, -------------------------------------------------- l 0 ---------------------------------------- l 0.
2 12x + 2 1
t0 f(1) > 0 x + ---
1 (a + 1) + 2a + 3 > 0 6
1 1 t
a > 1, ,
. 116 a > 1.
a > 3
. ) x -2; 9 5
--- c {3}; ) x -; --- c (2; 1) c {2};
, 2 2
, . ) x (1; 0] c (3; +).
) b (1; +); ) c (5 2 7 ; +); ) p (3 2 2 ; +).
1 2
12. y = ------
-. (x0; ax 0 )
11. ) x ; 1
--- c
1
--- ; + . f(x) = 6x2 + 4a
6 2 , (
+ 2x + 6 f(x) = 12x + 2, F(x) = -
446 447
f (t) f(t) - = 2x3 + x2 + 6x + C, C , -
f (1) t0 = . y = f(x) y = F(x)
t0
+1 M0 (x0; y0), x0 > 0,7. -
1 1 t =a
------------- , -
2 f(x) F(x)
. 114 .
t0 < 1, (1) . M0
t [1; 1] , f(1) > 0 (. 114),
,
f(x0) = F(x0),
a+1 a < 3,
t0 < 1, ------------- < 1, f(x0) = F(x0) = f(x0),
2
f(1) > 0 a > 5
--- , x0 > 0,7.
1 + (a + 1) + 2a + 3 > 0 3
. . . :
1 m t0 m 1, (1)
2 3 2
t [1; 1], , f(t0) > 0 (. 115), 6x 0 + 2x0 + 6 = 2x 0 + x 0 + 6x0 + C,
12x0 + 2 = 6x 0 + 2x0 + 6,
2
+1
f (t) 1 m t0 m 1, 1 m a
------------- m 1,
2 x0 > 0,7
f(t0) > 0 a 2 6a 11
--------------------------------
- > 0,
1 t0 1 t 4 2 3 2
C = 5,
6x 0 + 2x0 + 6 = 2x 0 + x 0 + 6x0 + C,
3 m a m 1,
. 115 x0 = 1.
x0 = 1
a2 6a 11 < 0
3 m a m 1, , F(x) = 2x3 + x2 + 6x + 5,
3 2 5 < a m 1.
32 5 <a<3+2 5 F(x) f(x)
- l 0,
-----------------------------
f ( x )
t0 > 1, (1) t [1; 1]
, f(1) > 0 (. 116),
1
( x 1 ) 2 x ---
a+1 2x 3 5x 2 + 4x 1 2
f (1) f (t) t0 > 1, ------------- > 1, -------------------------------------------------- l 0 ---------------------------------------- l 0.
2 12x + 2 1
t0 f(1) > 0 x + ---
1 (a + 1) + 2a + 3 > 0 6
1 1 t
a > 1, ,
. 116 a > 1.
a > 3
. ) x -2; 9 5
--- c {3}; ) x -; --- c (2; 1) c {2};
, 2 2
, . ) x (1; 0] c (3; +).
) b (1; +); ) c (5 2 7 ; +); ) p (3 2 2 ; +).
1 2
12. y = ------
-. (x0; ax 0 )
11. ) x ; 1
--- c
1
--- ; + . f(x) = 6x2 + 4a
6 2 , (
+ 2x + 6 f(x) = 12x + 2, F(x) = -
446 447
) (. 117). (1) (3).
1 2 1
2ax0x ax 0 = -------------
- x -------------------2- ,
2 2 2ax 0 16a 3 x 0
y= ax 0 + 2ax0(x x0), y = 2ax0x ax 0 . (1)
y :
2
4a 2 x 1
0
x = --------------------------
2
-. (4)
8a x 0
(4) (1),
0 :
x0 x1 x
2 2
4a 2 x 1
0 2 04a 2 x 1 2
y = 2ax0 --------------------------
- a x 0 = --------------------------- ax 0 =
2
8a x 0 4a
2 2
4a 2 x 1 4a 2 x
0 0 1
y = 2ax0x ax02 = -------------------------------------------------
- = ------- .
4a 4a
. 117 , x0, . .
1
k = 2ax0. y = ------
- , -
4a
-
2
(x1; ax 1 ): . , ,
2
y = 2ax1x ax 1 . (2) 1
y = ------
- . , -
4a
2
(x1; ax 1 ) , - 1
x, y = ------
- , -
4a
(1) (2) . -
(4) x0 ( -
1
- x1 =
, 2 ax 1 = -------------
2ax 0 D = 16a2(4x2 + 1) > 0). -
,
1
= ----------------
- , . .
4a x 0 2 1
x; ------
-- .
4a
1 1
- ; ---------------------- . (2)
---------------- 1. y = ax2 + bx + c
4a 2 x 0 16a 3 x 02
(a > 0)
y = ax2,
2a 1 ( )
y = ----------------
2
- x a -------------------2- ,
4a x 0 16a 4 x 0 .
2.
1 1 a > 0, a 0. -
y = -------------
- x -------------------2- . (3)
2ax 0 16a 3 x 0 y = ax2 (a > 0) , -
448 449
) (. 117). (1) (3).
1 2 1
2ax0x ax 0 = -------------
- x -------------------2- ,
2 2 2ax 0 16a 3 x 0
y= ax 0 + 2ax0(x x0), y = 2ax0x ax 0 . (1)
y :
2
4a 2 x 1
0
x = --------------------------
2
-. (4)
8a x 0
(4) (1),
0 :
x0 x1 x
2 2
4a 2 x 1
0 2 04a 2 x 1 2
y = 2ax0 --------------------------
- a x 0 = --------------------------- ax 0 =
2
8a x 0 4a
2 2
4a 2 x 1 4a 2 x
0 0 1
y = 2ax0x ax02 = -------------------------------------------------
- = ------- .
4a 4a
. 117 , x0, . .
1
k = 2ax0. y = ------
- , -
4a
-
2
(x1; ax 1 ): . , ,
2
y = 2ax1x ax 1 . (2) 1
y = ------
- . , -
4a
2
(x1; ax 1 ) , - 1
x, y = ------
- , -
4a
(1) (2) . -
(4) x0 ( -
1
- x1 =
, 2 ax 1 = -------------
2ax 0 D = 16a2(4x2 + 1) > 0). -
,
1
= ----------------
- , . .
4a x 0 2 1
x; ------
-- .
4a
1 1
- ; ---------------------- . (2)
---------------- 1. y = ax2 + bx + c
4a 2 x 0 16a 3 x 02
(a > 0)
y = ax2,
2a 1 ( )
y = ----------------
2
- x a -------------------2- ,
4a x 0 16a 4 x 0 .
2.
1 1 a > 0, a 0. -
y = -------------
- x -------------------2- . (3)
2ax 0 16a 3 x 0 y = ax2 (a > 0) , -
448 449
, y = ax2 + bx + c, a 0. , 4.
-
, -
. 1. ) 6; ) 4; ) 18; ) 10. 2. ) 4; ) 4; ) 2; ) 2; ) 2. 3. ) 1;
1
) 2; ) a ; ) 1; ) ---------
- ; ) 1; ) 1. 4. ) 1; ) 3; ) 1; ) 2; ) 1;
2bc
13. 1
--- . a = 1. SABC =
4 ) 2. 5. 1. 6. ) 3 2 x 1 , 1 m x < 2; 1, 2 m x m 5;
=1
--- AC CB (. 118). - 2 x 1 3, x >5;
2
2
4x 1 ) 5 2 x 1 , 2 m x < 6; 1, 6 m x m11; 2 x 2 ,
2 1 1 1
: A(x0; x 0 ), B ---------
- ; -------------- , C -------------------- ; ---- . -
0
x l11;
4x 0 16x 2 8x 0 4
0
3 3
) 2, 1m x m 0; 2 x + 1 , x > 0.
--- ---
2 2 2 2
0( 4x + 1 ) ( 4x + 1 )
0
, AC = ---------------------------
- ; CB = ---------------------------
- ,
8 x0 16x 0
2
5.
2 3 2 3
+ 1)
( 4x 0 1 4x 0 + 1
SABC = S(x0) = --------------------------- = --------- -------------------- . +b
3 2 16 x0 1. ( a b )2 l 0 a + b l 2 ab a
------------ l ab .
16 2 x 0 2
, a = b.
y
4. , 1,
a+b+c+d 1 a+b c+d ab + cd
------------------------------- = --- ------------ + ------------ l ---------------------------- l ab cd = 4 abcd .
4 2 2 2 2
A B
0
x0 x1 x
C 5. , 4,
+b+c
d= a
--------------------- .
3
. 118
6. )
- . , n = 2.
x +x
- l x 1 x 2 (. 1) x1x2 = 1,
1 2
2 ------------------
4x 0 + 1 1 2
f(x0) = -------------------
- = 4x0 + ------ .
x0 x0 x1 + x2
------------------- l 1, . . x1 + x2 l 2.
2
1 x +x
2
: x0 = 1
--- . , ------------------
- =
2
x 1 x 2 x1 = x2, -
2
x1 + x2 = 2 x1 = x2 = 1.
1 2 3 1 , n = k. -
min S(x) = S(x0) = --------- --------- = --------- 43 = 1
--- .
16 2 0,5 16 2 4 , n = k + 1. -
450 451
, y = ax2 + bx + c, a 0. , 4.
-
, -
. 1. ) 6; ) 4; ) 18; ) 10. 2. ) 4; ) 4; ) 2; ) 2; ) 2. 3. ) 1;
1
) 2; ) a ; ) 1; ) ---------
- ; ) 1; ) 1. 4. ) 1; ) 3; ) 1; ) 2; ) 1;
2bc
13. 1
--- . a = 1. SABC =
4 ) 2. 5. 1. 6. ) 3 2 x 1 , 1 m x < 2; 1, 2 m x m 5;
=1
--- AC CB (. 118). - 2 x 1 3, x >5;
2
2
4x 1 ) 5 2 x 1 , 2 m x < 6; 1, 6 m x m11; 2 x 2 ,
2 1 1 1
: A(x0; x 0 ), B ---------
- ; -------------- , C -------------------- ; ---- . -
0
x l11;
4x 0 16x 2 8x 0 4
0
3 3
) 2, 1m x m 0; 2 x + 1 , x > 0.
--- ---
2 2 2 2
0( 4x + 1 ) ( 4x + 1 )
0
, AC = ---------------------------
- ; CB = ---------------------------
- ,
8 x0 16x 0
2
5.
2 3 2 3
+ 1)
( 4x 0 1 4x 0 + 1
SABC = S(x0) = --------------------------- = --------- -------------------- . +b
3 2 16 x0 1. ( a b )2 l 0 a + b l 2 ab a
------------ l ab .
16 2 x 0 2
, a = b.
y
4. , 1,
a+b+c+d 1 a+b c+d ab + cd
------------------------------- = --- ------------ + ------------ l ---------------------------- l ab cd = 4 abcd .
4 2 2 2 2
A B
0
x0 x1 x
C 5. , 4,
+b+c
d= a
--------------------- .
3
. 118
6. )
- . , n = 2.
x +x
- l x 1 x 2 (. 1) x1x2 = 1,
1 2
2 ------------------
4x 0 + 1 1 2
f(x0) = -------------------
- = 4x0 + ------ .
x0 x0 x1 + x2
------------------- l 1, . . x1 + x2 l 2.
2
1 x +x
2
: x0 = 1
--- . , ------------------
- =
2
x 1 x 2 x1 = x2, -
2
x1 + x2 = 2 x1 = x2 = 1.
1 2 3 1 , n = k. -
min S(x) = S(x0) = --------- --------- = --------- 43 = 1
--- .
16 2 0,5 16 2 4 , n = k + 1. -
450 451
x1, , xk, xk + 1, - 9.
x1xkxk + 1 = 1. x1 = = xk = xk + 1 = 1, n+1 n+1 ( n + 1 )n n
1 + --1- --1- < 3
) -------------------------- = n(n + 1 ) - =
-------------------- n(n 1 ) n(n 1 ) --- m 1
x1 + + xk + xk + 1 = k + 1 - n n nn + 1 n n n
. n > 3;
1, - n n+1 ( n + 1 )n 1 n 11
) ------------------ = ---------------------------- = 1 + --1- --- =
, 1, , 1. , xk > 1, n1 n
n(n 1)
n n
n(n 1) n n
xk + 1 < 1. k
n 1 3
x1xkxk + 1 = 1, = 1 + --1- ------------
- < n(n 1) ------------- m 1 n > 2.
n(n 1)
n n+1 n+1
x1 + + xk 1 + (xkxk + 1) l k.
, , x1 + + xk 1 l k xkxk + 1, 12.
x 1 + + xk 1 + x k + x k + 1 l 1 + a1 > 2 1 a 1 , 1 + a2 > 2 1 a 2 , , 1 + an > 2 1 a n .
l k xkxk + 1+ xk + xk + 1 = k + 1 + (xk 1)(1 xk + 1) > k + 1,
,
(xk 1) > 0, (1 xk + 1) > 0. . .
) n
x1
-------------------------------- = y1(i = 1, 2, , n).
13. (aix + bi)2,
i=1
n x x x
1 2 n
Ax2 + 2Bx + C,
n n n
x x x 2 2
1 2 n
y1y2 yn = ---------------------------------------
n
- = 1. A= ai , B= ai b i , C= bi .
( n x 1 x 2 x n ) i=1 i=1 i=1
, y1 + y2 + + yn l n, , x -
x1 + x2 + + xn x1 + x2 + + xn
-------------------------------------------- l n, . . -------------------------------------------- l n x 1 x 2 x n . n
n x x x
1 2 n
n
(aix + bi)2 = Ax2 + 2Bx + C > 0,
i=1
.
, B2 AC m 0, . .
8. n a 1 a 2 a n m
n n n
2 2 2
a1 + a2 + + an
m -------------------------------------------
a1 + an
= ------------------
-. aibi < ai bi .
n 2 i=1 i=1 i=1
, , akan k + 1 l a1an, ai = kbi(l = 1, 2, ... n),
(a1a2 an)2 = (a1an)(a2an - 1) (ana1) l (a1an)n, n n n
2 2 2 2
k bi = k2 bi bi .
i=1 i=1 i=1
n a 1 a 2 a n l a1 an .
14. a, aq, aq2, , aqn 1,
, a1 = 1, a2 = 2, ..., an = n, - a, a + d, a + 2d, , a + d(n 1),
n n+1 ,
n < n! < ------------- .
2 a > 0; aq = a + d > 0; a aq. (1)
452 453
x1, , xk, xk + 1, - 9.
x1xkxk + 1 = 1. x1 = = xk = xk + 1 = 1, n+1 n+1 ( n + 1 )n n
1 + --1- --1- < 3
) -------------------------- = n(n + 1 ) - =
-------------------- n(n 1 ) n(n 1 ) --- m 1
x1 + + xk + xk + 1 = k + 1 - n n nn + 1 n n n
. n > 3;
1, - n n+1 ( n + 1 )n 1 n 11
) ------------------ = ---------------------------- = 1 + --1- --- =
, 1, , 1. , xk > 1, n1 n
n(n 1)
n n
n(n 1) n n
xk + 1 < 1. k
n 1 3
x1xkxk + 1 = 1, = 1 + --1- ------------
- < n(n 1) ------------- m 1 n > 2.
n(n 1)
n n+1 n+1
x1 + + xk 1 + (xkxk + 1) l k.
, , x1 + + xk 1 l k xkxk + 1, 12.
x 1 + + xk 1 + x k + x k + 1 l 1 + a1 > 2 1 a 1 , 1 + a2 > 2 1 a 2 , , 1 + an > 2 1 a n .
l k xkxk + 1+ xk + xk + 1 = k + 1 + (xk 1)(1 xk + 1) > k + 1,
,
(xk 1) > 0, (1 xk + 1) > 0. . .
) n
x1
-------------------------------- = y1(i = 1, 2, , n).
13. (aix + bi)2,
i=1
n x x x
1 2 n
Ax2 + 2Bx + C,
n n n
x x x 2 2
1 2 n
y1y2 yn = ---------------------------------------
n
- = 1. A= ai , B= ai b i , C= bi .
( n x 1 x 2 x n ) i=1 i=1 i=1
, y1 + y2 + + yn l n, , x -
x1 + x2 + + xn x1 + x2 + + xn
-------------------------------------------- l n, . . -------------------------------------------- l n x 1 x 2 x n . n
n x x x
1 2 n
n
(aix + bi)2 = Ax2 + 2Bx + C > 0,
i=1
.
, B2 AC m 0, . .
8. n a 1 a 2 a n m
n n n
2 2 2
a1 + a2 + + an
m -------------------------------------------
a1 + an
= ------------------
-. aibi < ai bi .
n 2 i=1 i=1 i=1
, , akan k + 1 l a1an, ai = kbi(l = 1, 2, ... n),
(a1a2 an)2 = (a1an)(a2an - 1) (ana1) l (a1an)n, n n n
2 2 2 2
k bi = k2 bi bi .
i=1 i=1 i=1
n a 1 a 2 a n l a1 an .
14. a, aq, aq2, , aqn 1,
, a1 = 1, a2 = 2, ..., an = n, - a, a + d, a + 2d, , a + d(n 1),
n n+1 ,
n < n! < ------------- .
2 a > 0; aq = a + d > 0; a aq. (1)
452 453
, 15.
aqn 1 > a + d(n 1), (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) = 0. (1)
aqn 1 a d(n 1) > 0 n = 3, 4 ... . (an + bn)(an + cn)(bn + cn) = 0. (2)
(1) : n (1) (2), , -
d = a(q 1), 0 < q 1. , a + b = 0, a = b
an + bn = an + (a)n = 0
aqn 1 a d(n 1) = aqn 1 a a(q 1)(n 1) = (2) -
= a{qn 1 1 (q 1)(n 1)}. .
,
16.
qn 1 1 (q 1)(n 1) > 0, n = 3, 4, (2)
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = a(x x1)(x x2)(x x3).
0 < q < 1 q > 1.
, 18. m
qn 1
1 anxn + an 1xn 1 + + a1x + a0 = 0,
1 + q + q2 + + qn 2 = ----------------------
-;
q1 . m x, -
anmn + an 1mn 1 + + a1m + a0 = 0.
qn 1 1 = (q 1)(1 + q + + qn 2), m:
a
anmn 1 + an 1mn 2 + + a1 = -----0- .
m
qn 1 1 (q 1)(n 1) = (q 1)(qn 2 + + q + 1)
(q 1)(n 1) = (q 1)(qn 2 + qn 3 + + q + 2 n) > 0. ,
, ,
, 0 < q < 1, q 1 < 0, qn 2 + + q + 2 , . .
n < 0; q > 1, q 1 > 0, qn 2 + + q + 2 n > 0. a0 m .
(2) -
. n = 3, 19. . :
q2 1 (q 1)(3 1) = (q 1)2 q 1. - .
, (2) n = k, k -
, k > 3, . . I . x = m
----- , m, k -
k
qk 1 1 (q 1)(k 1) > 0. (3)
, k 1, . m
----- -
k
, (2) n = k
n = k + 1. , ,
n = k + 1, (3) k > 3, q 1, m
n m n1
-----
k
+ an 1 ----- + + a1 m
----- + 1 = 0.
k k
qk 1 (q 1)k = qk qk 1
+ qk 1
1 (q 1)[(k 1) + 1] =
= qk 1(q 1) + [qk 1 1 (q 1)(k 1)] (q 1) = kn 1,
= (q 1)(qk 1 1) + [qk 1 1 (q 1)(k 1)] > 0,
mn
-------- = an 1mn 1 a1mkn 2 kn 1.
. k
454 455
, 15.
aqn 1 > a + d(n 1), (a + b)(a + c)(b + c) = 0. (1)
aqn 1 a d(n 1) > 0 n = 3, 4 ... . (an + bn)(an + cn)(bn + cn) = 0. (2)
(1) : n (1) (2), , -
d = a(q 1), 0 < q 1. , a + b = 0, a = b
an + bn = an + (a)n = 0
aqn 1 a d(n 1) = aqn 1 a a(q 1)(n 1) = (2) -
= a{qn 1 1 (q 1)(n 1)}. .
,
16.
qn 1 1 (q 1)(n 1) > 0, n = 3, 4, (2)
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = a(x x1)(x x2)(x x3).
0 < q < 1 q > 1.
, 18. m
qn 1
1 anxn + an 1xn 1 + + a1x + a0 = 0,
1 + q + q2 + + qn 2 = ----------------------
-;
q1 . m x, -
anmn + an 1mn 1 + + a1m + a0 = 0.
qn 1 1 = (q 1)(1 + q + + qn 2), m:
a
anmn 1 + an 1mn 2 + + a1 = -----0- .
m
qn 1 1 (q 1)(n 1) = (q 1)(qn 2 + + q + 1)
(q 1)(n 1) = (q 1)(qn 2 + qn 3 + + q + 2 n) > 0. ,
, ,
, 0 < q < 1, q 1 < 0, qn 2 + + q + 2 , . .
n < 0; q > 1, q 1 > 0, qn 2 + + q + 2 n > 0. a0 m .
(2) -
. n = 3, 19. . :
q2 1 (q 1)(3 1) = (q 1)2 q 1. - .
, (2) n = k, k -
, k > 3, . . I . x = m
----- , m, k -
k
qk 1 1 (q 1)(k 1) > 0. (3)
, k 1, . m
----- -
k
, (2) n = k
n = k + 1. , ,
n = k + 1, (3) k > 3, q 1, m
n m n1
-----
k
+ an 1 ----- + + a1 m
----- + 1 = 0.
k k
qk 1 (q 1)k = qk qk 1
+ qk 1
1 (q 1)[(k 1) + 1] =
= qk 1(q 1) + [qk 1 1 (q 1)(k 1)] (q 1) = kn 1,
= (q 1)(qk 1 1) + [qk 1 1 (q 1)(k 1)] > 0,
mn
-------- = an 1mn 1 a1mkn 2 kn 1.
. k
454 455
28. ) :
, , , 1 1
--------------- + --------------- 2 =
. , log 2 log 2
.
1 2 log 2 2log + 12 ( log 1 ) 2
2
II . x = m , m - + log 2 2 = -------------------------------------------------- = -------------------------------- > 0,
= --------------
log 2 log 2 log 2
, m 1. m ,
log2 1 log2 > 0.
mn + an 1mn 1 + + a1m + 1 = 0.
30. :
m,
x4 x4
1
mn 1 + an 1mn 2 + + a1 = ----
-. --- + ------ x2 + 1- + ------ =
x10 x7 + x4 x2 + 1 = x4 x6 x3 + 1
m 4 4 2
2 2
x2 x4
, = x4 x3 1
--- + ------ 1 + ------ > 0,
2 2 2
, . -
, . .
21. x = p--- qn,
q
anpn + an 1pn 1q + + a1pqn 1 + a0qn = 0, (1)
a0qn = p(anpn 1 a n 1pn 2q a1qn 1),
a0 qn
------------- = anpn 1 an 1pn 2q a1qn 1.
p
, , -
a0qn p, p q ,
a0 p.
, (1)
an pn
------------- = an 1pn 1 a0qn 1.
q
, , , an -
q.
25.
2105 + 3105 = (23)35 + (33)35 = 835 + 2735 =
= (8 + 27)(834 833 27 + ... + 2734),
, 2105 + 3105 35. -
.
456 457
28. ) :
, , , 1 1
--------------- + --------------- 2 =
. , log 2 log 2
.
1 2 log 2 2log + 12 ( log 1 ) 2
2
II . x = m , m - + log 2 2 = -------------------------------------------------- = -------------------------------- > 0,
= --------------
log 2 log 2 log 2
, m 1. m ,
log2 1 log2 > 0.
mn + an 1mn 1 + + a1m + 1 = 0.
30. :
m,
x4 x4
1
mn 1 + an 1mn 2 + + a1 = ----
-. --- + ------ x2 + 1- + ------ =
x10 x7 + x4 x2 + 1 = x4 x6 x3 + 1
m 4 4 2
2 2
x2 x4
, = x4 x3 1
--- + ------ 1 + ------ > 0,
2 2 2
, . -
, . .
21. x = p--- qn,
q
anpn + an 1pn 1q + + a1pqn 1 + a0qn = 0, (1)
a0qn = p(anpn 1 a n 1pn 2q a1qn 1),
a0 qn
------------- = anpn 1 an 1pn 2q a1qn 1.
p
, , -
a0qn p, p q ,
a0 p.
, (1)
an pn
------------- = an 1pn 1 a0qn 1.
q
, , , an -
q.
25.
2105 + 3105 = (23)35 + (33)35 = 835 + 2735 =
= (8 + 27)(834 833 27 + ... + 2734),
, 2105 + 3105 35. -
.
456 457
III.
1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3. . . . . . . . 69
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 IV.
I. . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2. , , ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
1. .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . 4
. . . . . . 97
2. .
. . . . . . . . . 10 V. .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4. . . 1. . . . . . . . 101
. . . . 20 2. .
.
5. . . . . 28
. . . . . 106
6. 3. . . . . . . . . . 108
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7. , VI. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 .
8. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
II. .
VII.
,
1. . . . . . . . . . . . 130
1. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
VIII.
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3. , 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
458 459
III.
1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3. . . . . . . . 69
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 IV.
I. . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2. , , ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
1. .
3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . 4
. . . . . . 97
2. .
. . . . . . . . . 10 V. .
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4. . . 1. . . . . . . . 101
. . . . 20 2. .
.
5. . . . . 28
. . . . . 106
6. 3. . . . . . . . . . 108
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7. , VI. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 .
8. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
II. .
VII.
,
1. . . . . . . . . . . . 130
1. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
VIII.
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3. , 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
458 459
IX.
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3. . . . 166
X.
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
XI.
1. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
3. , ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
4.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
460
( )
. .
. .
. .
. .
- -
30.05.2006. 84108 1/32 .
. .
. . . 24,36. 5000 . .
-005-93, 2; 953005
.
127422, , . , . 38/25.
: 117418, , / 26.
: . (495) 310-75-25, 110-02-50.
Internet: www.onyx.ru; e-mail: mail@onyx.ru
.
. . 05088 18.06.2001.
109193, , . 5- , . 13, . 1.
./ (495) 120-51-47, 129-09-60, 742-43-54.
E-mail: mir-obrazovanie@onyx.ru
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