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Бытие. Все мы достаточно часто встречаем это слово.Каждый из нас хотя бы раз в
жизни задумывался - что такое бытие?а в чем все таки смысл нашего бытия? И все мы
ищем ответы на этот мучительные вопросы на протяжении всей своей жизни. Об этом
люди думают сейчас, об этом они думали и в Древней Греции.
Согласно Демокриту, в основе мира, лежат два начала - атомы и пустота. "Атомос"
переводится с греческого как "неделимое". Атомы Демокрит считал мельчайшими,
неделимыми частицами, которые носятся в пустоте и отличаются друг от друга лишь
формой, величиной и положением. Согласно учению Демокрита, бытие - это атомы,
которые являются неизменными. Неизменность атомов позволяет связывать их
существование с устойчивостью. По сравнению с умопостигаемыми неизменными атомами
мир вещей, который состоит из атомов, характеризует изменчивость.
Being. We all meet this word quite often. Each of us at least once in our lives
thought - what is being? And what is the meaning of our being? And we are all
looking for answers to this agonizing question throughout our lives. People think
about it now, they thought about it in Ancient Greece.
The concepts of being and non-being in their origin go back to the reasoning of the
ancient Greek philosopher Parmenides. Parmenides for the first time draws attention
to such an aspect of every being as being. There is being and there is the
existence of this being, which is called being. Non-existence, "nothing" (that
which does not exist) does not exist. Thus, the first thesis of Parmenides sounds
like this: “Being is, non-being is not at all.” It follows from this thesis that
being is one, motionless, has no parts, one, eternal, good, has not arisen, is not
subject to death, because otherwise it would be necessary to admit the existence of
something other than being, that is, non-being, and this, According to Parmenides,
it is unacceptable.
The basis of all being, according to Aristotle, is the first matter. It forms a
potential prerequisite for existence. It is the basis of all being, but it cannot
be identified with being and cannot even be considered an integral part of concrete
being. The simplest definition of this first matter is, according to Aristotle,
four elements - fire, air, water and earth - an intermediate step between the first
matter, which is sensually incomprehensible, and the real world, which is sensually
perceived. When studying concrete things as real being, Aristotle speaks of the
first and second essences. Essence is a single, self-sustaining being. The first
entities are composed of matter and form. They act as a sensually cognizable being.
The second entities are derived from the first. They are a species definition
(chair, table - primary; furniture - secondary).
Every opinion of any ancient Greek philosopher seems to be really correct, but
for myself I choose the interpretation of Parmenides. I also believe that being is
one, it is motionless and eternal, there is a being and the existence of this being
is that being.