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Составители:
Я.Н. Еремеев,
О.В. Ивашенко,
Н.А. Шарова
Воронеж
Издательский дом ВГУ
2016
1
Методическая записка
Part I ROOTS
1) Stonehenge
Task 1. Pick out sentences where the following phrasal verbs are used:
Look for – искать
Take back to – уводить к
Be around – существовать
It’s been suggested that Druids built the Stonehenge to use for 4)…… ………
(человеческие жертвы). Stonehenge can’t have been built by the Druids because
their culture began to flourish (процветать) only in 300 BC. The Stonehenge had
been around long, long before that.
At first they dug this ditch (канава) and then put wooden posts around.
Then 600 years later they erected (воздвигли) this incredible outer circle of
bluestones that survives still today. The stones were brought all the way from
Pembrokeshire* in Wales, which was 250 miles away. It is quite a journey for a
civilization which had no 5)……… of a wheel. It was a staggering undertaking
(поразительное предприятие)! It is such an important reminder that British
people belonged to a far more 6)……. and sophisticated (умудренный) society
than the Roman historians would make us believe. Then somebody decided to re-
design the Stonehenge. The Stonehenge has inspired a fair number of 7)….. …...
The Stonehenge is admired as an early 8)…… of the British roots.
Cultural Commentary
* Druids – A druid was a member of the priestly class in Britain, Ireland,
and Gaul (France), and possibly other parts of Celtic Europe and Galatia during
the Iron Age and possibly earlier. Very little is known about the ancient druids.
They left no written accounts of themselves and the only evidence is a few de-
scriptions left by Greek, Roman and various scattered authors and artists, as well
as stories created by later medieval Irish writers. While archaeological evidence
has been uncovered pertaining to the religious practices of the Iron Age people,
"not one single artefact or image has been unearthed that can undoubtedly be
connected with the ancient Druids." Various recurring themes emerge in a num-
ber of the Greco-Roman accounts of the druids, including that they per-
formed human sacrifice, believed in a form of reincarnation, and held a high posi-
tion in Gaulish society. Next to nothing is known about their cultic practice, ex-
cept for the ritual of oak and mistletoe as described by Pliny the Elder. The earli-
est known reference to the druids dates to 200 BCE, although the oldest actual
description comes from the Roman military general Julius Caesar in his Commen-
tarii de Bello Gallico (50s BCE). Later Greco-Roman writers also described the
druids, including Cicero, Tacitus and Pliny the Elder. Following the Roman inva-
sion of Gaul, druidism was suppressed by the Roman government under the 1st
century CE emperors Tiberius and Claudius, and it had disappeared from
the written record by the 2nd century.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druid
* Pembrokeshire – Pembrokeshire is the most westerly of all of the coun-
ties in Wales. It is also home to the only coastal national park in the United King-
dom. As such, Pembrokeshire offers a wealth of outdoor activities that can be en-
joyed in some of the most beautiful landscapes in Great Britain. From horse rid-
ing to golf, from fishing to exploring castles and from walking the miles of coast
path to more extreme pursuits, there is something here to suit everyone. Besides
enjoying the beaches of the south, west and north coast of Pembrokeshire there
are pleanty of things to do. A large number of events and festivals take place
throught the year in many of the towns and villages in the county. There are also
many museums, gardens and family activities open to the public.
With Pembrokeshire being such a popular tourist destination there is a
large range of accommodation options to suit all budgets and requirements. Op-
tions range from grand hotels to humble camp sites and everything in between,
including accommodation for those who want to bring their dogs on holiday with
them. There is a broad range of entertainment options in the county, including:
cinemas, theatres, theme parks, gyms and spas. So even if the weather is not play-
ing nicely, you can find plenty to enjoy during your time in Pembrokeshire!
www.pembrokeshire-wales.com/
Task 3. Pick out the sentences where the following phrasal verbs are
used:
Be about to change – идти к перемене
Fall out – поссориться
have been impressive because King Aethelberht allowed him 6).. …… (пропо-
ведовать) the Gospel of Christ to his men. Augustine also baptized (крестил) the
king before the year 597 was out. He also 7) …….. thousands of his men in what
is known as the baptismal miracle at Canterbury.
But Anglo-Saxon pagan gods were still popular, so Augustine carefully in-
corporated pagan feasts into the Christian 8)…….. . Mid-winter solstice ( солн-
цестояние) became associated with the birth of Jesus Christ and was called
9)……… . Oistra, an Anglo-Saxon ( Celtic Eostra) goddess, who symbolized
spring, represented rebirth, new life and 10)…..’s fertility (плодовитость) gave
name to 11)…… festival. Over the coming centuries Christianity became more
and more widespread. Christian faith (вера) and a local parish church (приход-
ская церковь) became a major root of Britishness. Christianity was here to stay,
and Christian rituals have marked the key moments in human life - birth, mar-
riage and death – ever since. Today 71 per cent of British still claim to be Chris-
tian. Augustine built Canterbury Cathedral* and became the first archbishop of
Canterbury.
The most famous Archbishop of Canterbury became Thomas Becket . He
had a major falling out with King Henry II and was brutally murdered in the Ca-
thedral. He became the most famous martyr in England. Pilgrims began to come
to his tomb.
Cultural Commentary
Camalus
"Of the Invisible Sword", "Heaven". Celtic god of war and sky. Similar to
Mars, only more vicious.
Cernunnos
Celtic god of virility, fertility, life, animals, forests and the underworld.
The Horned or Antlered god is born at the winter solstice, marries the Goddess at
Beltane, and dies at the summer solstice. He alternates with the Goddess of the
moon in ruling over life and death, continuing the cycle of death, rebirth and
reincarnation.
Symbolizes element of earth, love, fertility, death the virile male aspect and
the dark half of the year. The two fold aspect of the God year with the Greenman
or Jack o' the Green being his light aspect. This takes on a similarity to the Oak
King and Holly King legend. Leads the wild hunt at Samhain, hence the day best
associated with the Dark Lord. Also A consort to the mother Goddess. Druids
knew him as Hu Gadarn, the Honored God. Ancient Celtic images show him
seated in a lotus position, naked, with antlers or horns on his head. Christians
demonized this benevolent God for easy conversion and is where the image of the
Christian devil comes from(Couldn't be further from facts nor truth but alas yet
another tragedy of misdeed and "bearing false witness", to quote a command-
ment).
Animals that were sacred to him: bull, ran, stag, and horned serpents. Va-
riants: Cerowain, Cernenus, Herne the Hunter.
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